Academic literature on the topic 'Soils – Chile – Composition'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Contents
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Soils – Chile – Composition.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Soils – Chile – Composition"
1
Alekseev, Ivan, and Evgeny Abakumov. "13C-NMR spectroscopy of humic substances isolated from the agricultural soils of Puchuncavi (El Melón and Puchuncavi areas), central Chile." Soil and Water Research 15, No. 3 (June 17, 2020): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/81/2019-swr.
Full textAbstract:
Chile is a well-developed agricultural country, which is faced with the problem of agricultural soil contamination with metals, such as Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn, and metalloids (As). These elements can be retained by soils through different mechanisms, i.e., complex-forming with organic matter or occlusion within organic matter. That is why studying soil contamination should also be accompanied by detailed investigations of the soil organic matter composition. Soil organic matter is crucial for plant growth since its decomposition releases nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients available for the plants. <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, providing crucial data on carbon functional structures diversity, can also be used to study changes in the soil organic matter (SOM) during decomposition and humification. This study is aimed at investigating the molecular composition of the soil organic matter in the agricultural soils of urbanised areas of central Chile using <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The studied soils were characterised by almost neutral pH values and organic carbon contents from 1.7% to 5.2%. The results showed that soils with an increased content of the total organic matter demonstrated an increased portion of aromaticity and a decreased portion of aliphaticity. Most of the investigated humic acids show the highest peaks centred at 125 ppm, which can be tentatively assigned to aromatic alkene structures. The relatively high stabilisation rate of the organic matter in the studied soils can be explained by the mineralisation of its peripheral part, which, in turn, is explained by the decreasing C/N ratio values. The humic substances of the studied agricultural soils of central Chile showed a high average content of aromatic carbon, which is also typical for subboreal soils.
2
Castro, David, Christopher Concha, Fabiola Jamett, Cristian Ibáñez, and Vaughan Hurry. "Soil Microbiome Influences on Seedling Establishment and Growth of Prosopis chilensis and Prosopis tamarugo from Northern Chile." Plants 11, no. 20 (October 14, 2022): 2717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11202717.
Full textAbstract:
Prosopis chilensis and Prosopis tamarugo, two woody legumes adapted to the arid regions of Chile, have a declining distribution due to the lack of new seedling establishment. This study investigated the potential of both species to establish in soil collected from four locations in Chile, within and outside the species distribution, and to assess the role of the root-colonizing microbiome in seedling establishment and growth. Seedling survival, height, and water potential were measured to assess establishment success and growth. 16S and ITS2 amplicon sequencing was used to characterize the composition of microbial communities from the different soils and to assess the ability of both Prosopis species to recruit bacteria and fungi from the different soils. Both species were established on three of the four soils. P. tamarugo seedlings showed significantly higher survival in foreign soils and maintained significantly higher water potential in Mediterranean soils. Amplicon sequencing showed that the four soils harbored distinct microbial communities. Root-associated microbial composition indicated that P. chilensis preferentially recruited mycorrhizal fungal partners while P. tamarugo recruited abundant bacteria with known salt-protective functions. Our results suggest that a combination of edaphic properties and microbial soil legacy are potential factors mediating the Prosopis establishment success in different soils.
3
Sanogo, S. "Asexual Reproduction of Phytophthora capsici as Affected by Extracts from Agricultural and Nonagricultural Soils." Phytopathology® 97, no. 7 (July 2007): 873–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-97-7-0873.
Full textAbstract:
Formation of sporangia and zoospores in species of Phytophthora is known to be influenced by soil microbial and chemical composition. In Phytophthora capsici, the study of the relationship of soil chemical composition to production of sporangia and zoospores has been limited. P. capsici is a soilborne pathogen of a wide array of vegetable crops, including chile pepper (Capsicum annuum) in New Mexico. Production of sporangia and zoospores by P. capsici was evaluated in extracts of soils from three different environments in New Mexico: (i) agricultural environments with a long history of chile pepper cropping and occurrence of P. capsici (CP), (ii) agricultural environments with no history of chile pepper cropping and no occurrence of P. capsici (Non-CP), and (iii) nonagricultural environments consisting of forests and rangelands (Non-Ag). There was a significant difference in production of P. capsici asexual propagules, expressed as natural log (number of sporangia × number of zoospores), among the three environments (P = 0.0298). Production of propagules was 9 to 13% greater in Non-Ag than in CP or Non-CP environments. Stepwise multiple discriminant analysis and canonical discriminant analysis identified the edaphic variables Na, pH, P, organic matter content, and asexual propagule production as contributing the most to the separation of the three environments. Two significant (P < 0.0001) canonical discriminant functions were derived with the first function, accounting for ≈75% of the explained variance. Based on the two discriminant functions, ≈93, 86, and 89% of observations in CP, Non-CP, and Non-Ag environments, respectively, were classified correctly. Soils from agricultural and nonagricultural environments differentially influence production of sporangia and zoospores in P. capsici, and soil samples could be effectively classified into agricultural and nonagricultural environments based on soil chemical properties and the production of asexual propagules by P. capsici in soil extracts.
4
Quade, Jay, Jason A. Rech, Claudio Latorre, Julio L. Betancourt, Erin Gleeson, and Mary T. K. Kalin. "Soils at the hyperarid margin: The isotopic composition of soil carbonate from the Atacama Desert, Northern Chile." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 71, no. 15 (August 2007): 3772–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.02.016.
Full text
5
Rivas, Yessica, Jorge Retamal-Salgado, Heike Knicker, Francisco Matus, and Diego Rivera. "Neutral Sugar Content and Composition as a Sensitive Indicator of Fire Severity in the Andisols of an Araucaria–Nothofagus Forest in Southern Chile." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (November 1, 2021): 12061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112061.
Full textAbstract:
Wildfire induces soil alterations that have a long-term impact on soil organic matter (SOM) quality. We postulated that after different fire severities, the neutral sugars in soils can be used as an indicator of soil organic matter quality after fire. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of neutral sugar, bulk and occluded particulate organic matter (oPOM) affected by wildfire, at different soil depths in an Araucaria–Nothofagus Forest, four years post-after fire. The concentration and composition of the neutral sugars in the soils clearly comprised the major fraction in the unburned soil. Medium- and high-severity fires caused a drastic reduction in soil sugars in the bulk soil as well as in the oPOM fractions. The 13C-CPMAS NMR spectroscopy analysis revealed a high contribution of recalcitrant carbon to the decomposition such as aryl–C and aryl–O derived from charred material, whereas the abundance of O–alkyl C and alkyl C functional groups were decreased. The neutral sugars (Galactose+Mannose/Xilose+Arabinose) revealed a major microbial origin in fire affected areas as the ratio was >2. Therefore. Therefore, we suggest that the neutral sugar content of soil should be used for monitoring both short- and long-term changes in SOM altered by fires.
6
Toneatti-Bastidas, M., and J. Roger-Estrade. "Recuperación de la fertilidad de los suelos volcánicos ácidos del sur de Chile: Impactos del encalado y fertilización fosfatada." Agro Sur 43, no. 2 (2015): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4206/agrosur.2015.v43n2-02.
Full text
7
Hernández, H. J., M. A. Gutiérrez, and M. P. Acuña. "URBAN MORPHOLOGICAL DYNAMICS IN SANTIAGO (CHILE): PROPOSING SUSTAINABLE INDICATORS FROM REMOTE SENSING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 23, 2016): 873–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b8-873-2016.
Full textAbstract:
Latin America is one of the world’s most urbanised regions, with more than 80% of inhabitants living in urban areas and over 50 cities with at least 1 million inhabitants. The concept of urban structure types (UST) allows the dynamics of a growing urban environment to be captured in its quantity and quality. They are defined as areas of homogenous appearance in the urban matrix with a recognisable mixture of built-up areas and open spaces. We used the vegetation-impervious-soil (V-I-S) model approach to classify and monitor different types of USTs in Santiago (~800 km2), Chile between 1985 and 2015. The V-I-S model is based on a simplification of the large diversity of urban land cover types in three general categories: vegetation, impervious surfaces and soil. These categories were obtained by processing Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-8 OLI images. First, we applied standard radiometric calibration and co-registration methods to all datasets. Second, using a linear spectral unmixing algorithm we performed a soft classification of urban land cover types (<i>end members</i>): trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants, soils, buildings, roads and water bodies. All <i>end members</i> were validated using a combination of photointerpretation on high-resolution images (~1 m) and field data collection (only for 2015). In each pixel we used the resulting probability scores, logically grouped, to obtain final values for each V-I-S component. Third, we used statistical clustering of V-I-S values to create a set of eight pixel groups, which we interpreted as USTs and mapped them for each date. The overall accuracy for V-I-S components in 1985 and 2015 were 78% and 82%, respectively, and errors did not exhibit any spatial correlation. The main sources of differentiation between USTs were the trade-off proportions between vegetation and impervious components, whereas soil proportions remained near 5% across the city in both dates. To analyse the change in UST spatial configuration between dates, we used a set of selected landscape metrics and discussed their use as indicators for sustainable urban development. These indicators relate to the dispersion pattern of urban growth, the connectivity of open green space and the complexity in the composition of the UST types within the different sectors of the city. We were able to identify, using the dynamics exhibited by the USTs, three main zones: (1) city centre, where USTs of high-intensity development predominate, (2) eastern high-income areas whose spatial structure is marked by a relatively high urbanisation intensity with a very large proportion of vegetated spaces, and (3) peripheral areas, with significant changes in composition and configuration of USTs, in recent decades, showing high rates of urbanisation, shifting from low-medium to high densities. We concluded that these patterns and their dynamics are mainly determined by the spatial socio-economic stratification of the population.
8
Hernández, H. J., M. A. Gutiérrez, and M. P. Acuña. "URBAN MORPHOLOGICAL DYNAMICS IN SANTIAGO (CHILE): PROPOSING SUSTAINABLE INDICATORS FROM REMOTE SENSING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 23, 2016): 873–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b8-873-2016.
Full textAbstract:
Latin America is one of the world’s most urbanised regions, with more than 80% of inhabitants living in urban areas and over 50 cities with at least 1 million inhabitants. The concept of urban structure types (UST) allows the dynamics of a growing urban environment to be captured in its quantity and quality. They are defined as areas of homogenous appearance in the urban matrix with a recognisable mixture of built-up areas and open spaces. We used the vegetation-impervious-soil (V-I-S) model approach to classify and monitor different types of USTs in Santiago (~800 km2), Chile between 1985 and 2015. The V-I-S model is based on a simplification of the large diversity of urban land cover types in three general categories: vegetation, impervious surfaces and soil. These categories were obtained by processing Landsat-5 TM and Landsat-8 OLI images. First, we applied standard radiometric calibration and co-registration methods to all datasets. Second, using a linear spectral unmixing algorithm we performed a soft classification of urban land cover types (<i>end members</i>): trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants, soils, buildings, roads and water bodies. All <i>end members</i> were validated using a combination of photointerpretation on high-resolution images (~1 m) and field data collection (only for 2015). In each pixel we used the resulting probability scores, logically grouped, to obtain final values for each V-I-S component. Third, we used statistical clustering of V-I-S values to create a set of eight pixel groups, which we interpreted as USTs and mapped them for each date. The overall accuracy for V-I-S components in 1985 and 2015 were 78% and 82%, respectively, and errors did not exhibit any spatial correlation. The main sources of differentiation between USTs were the trade-off proportions between vegetation and impervious components, whereas soil proportions remained near 5% across the city in both dates. To analyse the change in UST spatial configuration between dates, we used a set of selected landscape metrics and discussed their use as indicators for sustainable urban development. These indicators relate to the dispersion pattern of urban growth, the connectivity of open green space and the complexity in the composition of the UST types within the different sectors of the city. We were able to identify, using the dynamics exhibited by the USTs, three main zones: (1) city centre, where USTs of high-intensity development predominate, (2) eastern high-income areas whose spatial structure is marked by a relatively high urbanisation intensity with a very large proportion of vegetated spaces, and (3) peripheral areas, with significant changes in composition and configuration of USTs, in recent decades, showing high rates of urbanisation, shifting from low-medium to high densities. We concluded that these patterns and their dynamics are mainly determined by the spatial socio-economic stratification of the population.
9
Huygens, Dries, Jan Schouppe, Dries Roobroeck, Maricel Alvarez, Oscar Balocchi, Eduardo Valenzuela, Dante Pinochet, and Pascal Boeckx. "Drying–rewetting effects on N cycling in grassland soils of varying microbial community composition and management intensity in south central Chile." Applied Soil Ecology 48, no. 3 (July 2011): 270–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2011.04.012.
Full text
10
Leybourne, M. I., and E. M. Cameron. "Composition of Soils and Ground Waters at the Pampa del Tamarugal, Chile: Anatomy of a Fossil Geochemical Anomaly Derived from a Distant Porphyry Copper Deposit." Economic Geology 101, no. 8 (December 1, 2006): 1569–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.101.8.1569.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Soils – Chile – Composition"
1
Salgado Cofré, Daniela, and Álvaro Mercado Jara. "Going to the Clay: Exploring Conflicts and Values of the Soil in Valparaiso." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.60.
Full textAbstract:
This proposition presents a design and artistic research focused on the soil that aims to generate active and poetic forms of reflection around the fragile interdependence of human and non-human lives in an increasingly precarious urban environment, emphasised by the current ecological crisis. In order to engage in such reflections, this practice-oriented research —led by designers, architects, artists and educators— collects relational modes of material interdependence in the region of Valparaíso, Chile, by exploring veins and clay pits for pottery making that are relevant and known by artisans and artists of this area. These spaces are threatened by the increasingly precarious environmental conditions that are exacerbated by the monoculture of the land, the reconstitution of the soil by massive urbanisation projects, and the inaccessibility to clay pits due to the replacement of the commons by the privatisation and exploitation of the land. These urban conflicts generate deterritorialisation that contrasts with the significant relevance and values that these spaces hold for artists, artisans, and other groups, that promote their protection and the respectful interaction with the soil. Against this background, this practice-oriented research explores and expects to make visible the transformation of these lands by following the uses of the soil, identifying conflicts and values that emerge around these extraction sites through immersive sensitive experiences. These immersions into different clay pits consist of walking around, observing the ground, sensing the space, collecting clay from the soil together, sensing and manipulating the material to explore its properties. Thus, by examining the materials, voices and artistic expressions —in the form of poems, sound compositions, images, drawings, photos, cartographies and clay objects— co-produced during four immersions into diverse veins of the Valparaíso Region, we expect to bring back to the fore alternative modes of reflexivity around these sites. This sum of collective experiences for exploration and creation in the veins and clay pits of Valparaíso serves to trace other relational ways of inhabiting, valuing and working with the soil. Therefore, we envisage this practice-oriented research project as a poetic alternative to critically question the modern technocratic logics of urbanisation that operate in the region through the commodification and overexploitation of the land.