Journal articles: 'Soil water'

1

Šútor, J., M. Gomboš, M. Kutílek, and M. Krejča. "Soil water regime estimated from the soil water storage monitored in time." Soil and Water Research 3, Special Issue No. 1 (June 30, 2008): S139—S146. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/13/2008-swr.

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During the vegetation season, the water storage in the soil aeration zone is influenced by meteorological phenomena and by the vegetated cover. If the groundwater table is in contact with the soil profile, its contribution to water storage must be considered. This impact can be either monitored directly or the mathematical model of the soil moisture regime can be used to simulate it. We present the results of monitoring soil water content in the aeration zone of the East Slovakian Lowland. The main problem is the evaluation of the soil water storage in seasons and in years in the soil profile. Until now, classification systems of the soil water regime evaluation have been mainly based upon climatological factors and soil morphology where the classification has been realized on the basis of indirect indicators. Here, a new classification system based upon quantified data sets is introduced and applied for the measured data. The system considers the degree of accessibility of soil water to plants, including the excess of soil water related to the duration for those characteristic periods. The time span is hierarchically arranged to differentiate between the dominant water storage periods and short-term fluctuations. The lowest taxonomic units characterize the vertical fluxes over time periods. The system allows the comparison of soil water regime taxons over several years and under different types of vegetative cover, or due to various types of land use. We monitored soil water content on two localities, one with a deep ground water level, one with a shallow ground water level. The profile with a shallow ground water level keeps a more uniform taxons and subtaxons of soil water regime due to the crop variation than the profile with a deep ground water level.

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Hamad, Asal Mahmud, and Mahmood Gazey Jassam. "A Comparative Study for the Effect of Some Petroleum Products on the Engineering Properties of Gypseous Soils." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 29, no. 3 (October 15, 2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.29.3.7.

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Gypseous soils are considered problematic soils because the soil cavities happen during receiving the water or this type of soil and solving gypsum materials and contract in a soil volume. In this study, three types of gypseous soils are used; soil1, soil2, and soil3 with gypsum content (28.71%, 43.6%, and 54.88%) respectively, petroleum products (engine oil, fuel oil, and kerosene) are added to the soils with percentages (3%, 6%, 9%, and 12%) for each product. The result showed that specific gravity, liquid limit, optimum moisture content (O.M.C), and maximum dry density decreased with an increased percentage of product for all types of products. The direct shear (dry and soaked case) results show that increasing the (angle of internal friction and the soil cohesion) for soil1, soil2, and soil3 by adding engine oil and fuel oil. Still, when the soils were treated with kerosene, the angle of internal friction increased while cohesion decreased. The collapse potential for the treated soils increases with increasing gypsum content for all petroleum products. The collapse potential (CP) for (soil1) decreased by 47% when using 6% of the engine oil, 48.8% when using 9% of the fuel oil, and 55% when using 9% of the kerosene. The same percentage of the petroleum products (engine oil, fuel oil, and kerosene) decrease the collapse potential for (soil2), (47%, 46%, and 50%) respectively and decrease the collapse potential for (soil 3), (51%, 47.7%, and 52%) respectively. In the unconfined compressive test applied on (soil1) using maximum density, the results show that the soil strength increased (26% and 10%) when using 6% and engine oil and fuel oil, respectively, while the soil strength decreased by 29% when treated with 9% of kerosene.

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A., Abdygaliyev, Zhakulin A., Zhakulina A., and Toimbaeva B. "Water saturated foundation soil features." BULLETIN of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Technical Science and Technology Series 132, no. 3 (2020): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-68-36-2020-132-3-17-24.

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Smith, Roger E., and Bernd Diekkrüger. "Effective Soil Water Characteristics and Ensemble Soil Water Profiles in Heterogeneous Soils." Water Resources Research 32, no. 7 (July 1996): 1993–2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96wr01048.

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5

Kroulík, M., J. Hůla, R. Šindelář, and F. Illek. "Water infiltration into soil related to the soil tillage intensity." Soil and Water Research 2, No. 1 (January 7, 2008): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2098-swr.

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Soil infiltration capacity is one of the key factors in the soil protection against unfavourable effects of water erosion. The purpose of its measuring was to compare and evaluate the changes of the soil physical properties and of water infiltration into soil caused by different intensity of soil cultivation at two individual sites. The ploughing (PL), shallow tillage (ST), and direct drilling (NT) effects on the soil physical properties, water infiltration into soil, and soil surface coverage with the crop residua under the soil condition loamy Haplic Luvisol, with long-term growing of maize (Zea mays L.) - Agroservis, 1st Agricultural, a.s., Vi&scaron;ňové - and clay soil of Calcic Chernozem (Cooperative farm Klapý), were compared. Soil bulk density values in the variant with ploughing showed in the depth up to 0.20 m considerably lower values as compared with the variants shallow tillage and direct drilling. Nevertheless, in the subsoil layer the bulk density of soil in the variant with ploughing increased in comparison with other variants. The results were also confirmed by the cone index values. At the plots in Vi&scaron;ňové the infiltration was evaluated utilising the double ring infiltrometer, and by means of the coloured water infiltration. The results revealed significant differences in the water infiltration rate at various stages of the soil loosening. The highest average values were recorded for ploughing (1.00 dm3/min). The lowest values were found for the shallow soil tillage (0.18 dm3/min). The variant with direct drilling showed values of 0.53 dm3/min. The coloured water infiltration evaluation showed a different character of water flow in soil. The variant with ploughing showed water saturation in the top layer, the variants with reduced tillage were characterised by vertical macropores and crack effects with the water drain into deeper layers. Ploughing proved its advantage for the short-term rainfall retention. Similar results were also brought in the evaluation on the plot with clay soil (Klapý). The loosening effect was evident during coloured water infiltration in the period of snow thawing. The loosed soil layer showed a significantly higher soil water holding capacity as compared with variants with reduced soil tillage. The result showed major differences in the water infiltration rate into soil and different characters of water infiltration into soil at different soil tillage.

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6

Dong, Yi, Changfu Wei, and Ning Lu. "Identifying Soil Adsorptive Water by Soil Water Density." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 146, no. 7 (July 2020): 02820001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0002289.

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7

McBee*, Oren, Timothy J. Smalley, and David E. Radcliffe. "Soil Water in Amended Landscape Soils." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 883C—883. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.883c.

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This study determined the effect of soil amendments on plant available water (PAW) and readily available water (RAW). Intact soil cores were collected from a Cecil sandy clay loam soil landscape planting beds that had been amended annually for 5 years with 5 cm (25% by volume) of pine bark and broiler litter. Soil cores were also collected from a landscape bed that had been amended once in April 2000 with 5 cm (25% by volume) of Permatill (expanded slate). The results of this study indicated that amending soil with pine bark or broiler litter compost increased soil porosity, drainage, aeration and PAW. The volumetric RAW (cm3·cm-3) did not differ among treatments, but amending the soil with pine bark or broiler litter did increase the gravimetric RAW (g·g-1). Permatill increased drainage and aeration, but did not increase available water to plants.

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8

Xing, Xin, and Sérgio D. N. Lourenço. "Water-entry pressure in water repellent soils: a review." E3S Web of Conferences 195 (2020): 02030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019502030.

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Water repellent soils can be naturally promoted (e.g. after wildfires) or synthetically induced by mixing with hydrophobic compounds (e.g. polydimethylsiloxane). The study of soil water repellency has lasted for over one century which implied the significant effect of soil water repellency on water infiltration, evaporation, soil strength, and soil stability. Water repellent soils can also be exploited by geotechnical engineers to offer novel and economical solutions for ground infrastructure. This paper synthesizes different methods for assessing soil water repellency based on varied indexes (e.g. contact angle, time for a drop to infiltrate) and with a focus on water entry pressure. Measurements of these parameters in synthetic water- repellent sands were taken, some results of which are summarized with discussion of key factors affecting water repellency. A comparison of these methods shows that water entry pressure can be more representative for assessing the water repellency of bulk samples.

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9

de Jonge, Lis W., Per Moldrup, and Ole H. Jacobsen. "SOIL-WATER CONTENT DEPENDENCY OF WATER REPELLENCY IN SOILS." Soil Science 172, no. 8 (August 2007): 577–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ss.0b013e318065c090.

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10

Wang, Xiaofang, Yi Li, Yichen Wang, and Chuncheng Liu. "Performance of HYDRUS-1D for simulating water movement in water-repellent soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 98, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 407–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2017-0116.

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Soil water repellency affects soil water movement during infiltration significantly. The HYDRUS software has been popularly applied in soil water dynamics simulation for many years, but its performance in water-repellent (WR) soils has not been assessed thoroughly. Our objectives are to assess the performance of HYDRYUS-1D for cumulative infiltration (CI), wetting front (Zf), and volumetric soil water content (θv) during horizontal imbibition and vertical infiltration in wettable, slightly WR, and strongly WR soils. The key parameters of α and n in water retention curves were inversely estimated by RETension Curve software. The α and n were calibrated inversely until the observed data fitted the simulated values well enough. The α and n were then used for validation using three statistical parameters including relative root-mean-square error, R2, and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient. The performances of calibration and validation for wettable, slightly, and strongly WR soils were good enough to be used for further simulations (RRMSE ≤20.2% for calibration and ≤21.1% for validation). Soil water movements for strongly WR soils of variable ponded depth during vertical infiltration were simulated. For Lou soil, as the ponded depth increased from 4 to 10 cm, the CI and Zf increased 2.08 and 5.5 cm, respectively. The simulations for the other three soils also showed gradually increased CI and Zf values. In conclusion, the performances of HYDRUS-1D in four different soil types with changing WR levels were good, which confirmed the application of HYDRUS-1D in WR soils.

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11

Orfanus, Tomas, Abdel-Monem Mohamed Amer, Grzegorz Jozefaciuk, Emil Fulajtar, and Anežka Čelková. "Water vapour adsorption on water repellent sandy soils." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 65, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/johh-2017-0030.

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AbstractSoil sorptivity is considered a key parameter describing early stages of water (rain) infiltration into a relatively dry soil and it is related to build-up complexity of the capillary system and soil wettability (contact angles of soil pore walls). During the last decade an increasing water repellency of sandy soils under pine forest and grassland vegetation has been frequently observed at Mlaky II location in SW Slovakia. The dry seasons result in uneven wetting of soil and up to hundredfold decrease in soil sorptivity in these vegetated soil as compared to reference sandy material, which was out of the reach of ambient vegetation and therefore readily wettable. As far as water binding to low moisture soils is governed by adsorption processes, we hypothesized that soil water repellency detected by water drop penetration test and by index of water repellency should also influence the water vapour adsorption parameters (monolayer water content, Wm, specific surface area, A, maximum adsorption water, Wa, maximum hygroscopic water MH, fractal dimension, DS and adsorption energies, Ea) derived from BET model of adsorption isotherms. We found however, that the connection of these parameters to water repellency level is difficult to interpret; nevertheless the centres with higher adsorption energy prevailed evidently in wettable materials. The water repellent forest and grassland soils reached less than 80% of the adsorption energy measured on wettable reference material. To get more conclusive results, which would not be influenced by small but still present variability of field materials, commercially available homogeneous siliceous sand was artificially hydrophobized and studied in the same way, as were the field materials. This extremely water repellent material had two-times lower surface area, very low fractal dimension (close to 2) and substantially lower adsorption energy as compared to the same siliceous sand when not hydrophobized.

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12

Sinegani, A. A. S., and A. Mahohi. "Soil water potential effects on the cellulase activities of soil treated with sewage sludge." Plant, Soil and Environment 56, No. 7 (July 14, 2010): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/256/2009-pse.

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To better understand how water stress and availability affect the enzyme activity and microbial communities in soil, we measured the changes of organic carbon (OC), bacteria and fungi populations, and endoglucanase and exoglucanase activities in a semiarid soil treated with air-dried primary sewage sludge at a rate of 20 g/kg. The water potentials established for soil incubation were: saturation (SA, 0 bar), field capacity (FC, –0.3 bar), and permanent wilting point (PWP, –15 bar). An irrigation treatment was a drying-rewetting cycle (DWC) between –0.3 to –15 bars. After 0, 20, 60 and 90 days of incubation soils were sampled for analysis. The addition of sewage sludge increased soil OC, endoglucanase and exoglucanase activities significantly. The effects of soil moisture, incubation time and their interactions on OC, and endoglucanase and exoglucanase activities in soil were significant. During 20 days of incubation, OC, endoglucanase and exoglucanase activities decreased significantly. Soils incubated in DWC and FC compared to soils incubated in SA and PWP had lower OC contents due to organic matter mineralization. Organic C, exoglucanase and endoglucanase activities significantly increased with increasing soil water potential. The activities of exoglucanase and endoglucanase in soils incubated in SA were significantly higher than those in soils incubated in PWP.

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13

Lochman, V., V. Mareš, and V. Fadrhonsová. "Development of air pollutant deposition, soil water chemistry and soil on Šerlich research plots, and water chemistry in a surface water source." Journal of Forest Science 50, No. 6 (January 11, 2012): 263–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4624-jfs.

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In 1986 (1987) research plots were established in a forest stands on the south-western slope of &Scaron;erlich Mt., Orlické hory Mts. (Kristina Colloredo-Mansfeld – Forest Administration Opočno), at the altitude of 950 to 970 m, to study deposition, chemistry of precipitation and soil water and development of soil chemistry. The plots were established on a clear-cut area, in a young stand and a mature stand of spruce, in a mature beech stand, and in an advanced growth of spruce and European mountain ash. The content of solutes in creek water was studied at the same time. Since 1993 the concentration of substances in precipitation water intercepted in the summit part of &Scaron;erlich Mt. has been measured. Research on water chemistry in the stands terminated in 1997. Soil analyses were done in 1986 (1987), 1993 and 1999. The load of acid air pollutants in these forest ecosystems was high in the eighties. After 1991 the deposition of H+, S/SO42–, N/NO3– + NH4+, Mn, Zn, Al decreased. Similarly, an increase in pH was observed in soil water, and the concentrations of SO42–, and N, Al compounds decreased. But in 1993 the concentrations of SO42– and Al increased again under the spruce stand for several months. The concentrations of NO3–, Mn, Zn and Al in the stream water also gradually decreased in the nineties. On the contrary, the average values of S-ions increased compared to those of 1987 to 1991. Strongly acid soil reaction developed in deeper layers until 1993. In the second half of the nineties the pH/H2O value somewhat increased again, however the reserve of K, Mg, Ca available cations in the mineral soil constantly decreased. The saturation of sorption complex by basic cations in the lower layer of rhizosphere did not reach even 10% in 1999. The forest ecosystems of &Scaron;erlich Mt. were also loaded by a high fall-out of Pb, and increased fall-out of Cu. The lack of balance of N-compound transformations and consumption in the soil and increased leaching of N in the form of nitrates contribute to soil acidification on the investigated plots.

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Hendrickx, J. M. H., P. J. Wierenga, and M. S. Nash. "Variability of soil water tension and soil water content." Agricultural Water Management 18, no. 2 (July 1990): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3774(90)90026-u.

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15

Walden, L. L., R. J. Harper, D. S. Mendham, D. J. Henry, and J. B. Fontaine. "Eucalyptus reforestation induces soil water repellency." Soil Research 53, no. 2 (2015): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr13339.

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There is an increasing interest in eucalypt reforestation for a range of purposes in Australia, including pulp-wood production, carbon mitigation and catchment water management. The impacts of this reforestation on soil water repellency have not been examined despite eucalypts often being associated with water repellency and water repellency having impacts on water movement across and within soils. To investigate the role of eucalypt reforestation on water repellency, and interactions with soil properties, we examined 31 sites across the south-west of Western Australia with paired plots differing only in present land use (pasture v. plantation). The incidence and severity of water repellency increased in the 5–8 years following reforestation with Eucalyptus globulus. Despite this difference in water repellency, there were no differences in soil characteristics, including soil organic carbon content or composition, between pasture and plantation soils, suggesting induction by small amounts of hydrophobic compounds from the trees. The incidence of soil water repellency was generally greater on sandy-surfaced (<10% clay content) soils; however, for these soils 72% of the pasture sites and 31% of the plantation were not water repellent, and this was independent of measured soil properties. Computer modelling revealed marked differences in the layering and packing of waxes on kaolinite and quartz surfaces, indicating the importance of interfacial interactions in the development of soil water repellency. The implications of increased water repellency for the management of eucalyptus plantations are considered.

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Yu, Dandan, Feilong Hu, Kun Zhang, Li Liu, and Danfeng Li. "Available water capacity and organic carbon storage profiles in soils developed from dark brown soil to boggy soil in Changbai Mountains, China." Soil and Water Research 16, No. 1 (December 11, 2020): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/150/2019-swr.

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The available water capacity (AWC) is the most commonly used parameter for quantifying the amount of soil water that is readily available to plants. Specific AWC and soil organic carbon storage (SOCS) profiles are consequences of the soil development process. Understanding the distributions of AWC and SOCS in soil profiles is crucial for modelling the coupling between carbon and water cycle processes, and for predicting the consequences of global change. In this study, we determined the variations in the AWC and SOCS from the surface to a depth of 100 cm in soils developed from dark brown soil, skeletal dark brown soil, meadow dark brown soil, white starched dark brown soil, meadow soil, and boggy soil in the Changbai Mountains area of China. The AWC and SOCS profiles were calculated for each main soil group/subgroup using only the readily available variables for the soil texture and organic matter with the soil water characteristic equations. The results showed the following. (1) The AWC and SOCS decreased initially and then increased, before decreasing again in soils developed from dark brown soil to boggy soil, where the maximum SOCS occurred in the white starched dark brown soil, and the maximum AWC in the dark brown soil. (2) The SOCS was decreased by deforestation and concomitant soil erosion, but the negative impact of this decrease in the SOCS in the Changbai Mountains area was not caused completely by reductions in AWC. (3) In the soil development process from dark brown soil to boggy soil in response to deforestation, the AWC distribution differed in the profile and even among individual layers, whereas the SOCS was mainly present in the upper layer.

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Su, Huidong, Yangwen Jia, Yongde Gan, Guangheng Ni, Cunwen Niu, Huan Liu, Tiantian Jin, and Yizhen Yao. "Soil water movement model for deformable soils." Journal of Water and Climate Change 11, no. 4 (July 22, 2019): 1191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2019.262.

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Abstract To simulate the soil water movement process of deformable soils, a modified Richards model considering soil deformation (RMSD) was established. In the model, new parameters were introduced, including deformable soil porosity, deformable soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of expansive soils, which varied with soil depth and time under the effect of soil deformation. The newly introduced parameters originated from physical properties of the soils and their calculation formulas were suggested. One-dimensional infiltration–runoff experiments were performed to evaluate the performance of the RMSD. The results showed that average relative errors (ARE) of simulated runoff intensity and cumulative infiltration (by the RMSD) ranged from −10.0% to −1.0% and from −1.0% to 11.0%, respectively, and Nash efficiency coefficients (NSE) of simulated cumulative infiltration (by the RMSD) were larger than 0.90. As the RMSD model is much better than the traditional Richards model (TRID) in fitting the observations of soil cumulative infiltration and runoff intensity, it is believed that the newly suggested model provides a suitable tool to depict the soil water movement in deformable soils.

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Baskoro, Dwi Putro Tejo, and Suria Darma Tarigan. "Soil Moisture Characteristics on Several Soil Types." Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan 9, no. 2 (October 1, 2007): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitl.9.2.77-81.

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Soil water availability is one of the important factors injluencing plant growth. Soil that can store more water in alonger time can support a better plant growth. This study was aimed to evaluate the dynamics of soil water of four differentsoils with different characteristics. Four soils classes are clayey textured soils-Red Yellowish Podsolik Jasinga, Clayeytextured soils-Latosol Darmaga, . Sandy Textured soil-Regosol Sindang Barang, and highly organic mater content soi/sAndosolSukamantri. The result showed that at every-suction analyzed, Andosol Sukamantri had consistently highest watercontent while Regosol Sindang Barang was consistently lowest. Similar tendency wasfoundfor available water capacity. Theresult also showed that moisture content at Regosol decrease more rapidly than those of the other three soils. The time need to reach likely constant moisture content is variable with soil type; lowest at Regosol Sindangbarang (45 hours after completely saturated and drained) followed by Podsolik Jasinga (73 hours), Latosol darmaga (74 hours) and Andosol Sulcamatri (76 hours).

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Li, Shuang, Yun Xie, Gang Liu, Jing Wang, Honghong Lin, Yan Xin, and Junrui Zhai. "Water Use Efficiency of Soybean under Water Stress in Different Eroded Soils." Water 12, no. 2 (January 30, 2020): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020373.

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Soil erosion could change the effective storage of soil moisture and affected crop water use efficiency (WUE). To quantitative study differences in the WUE of soybean and the crop’s response to water stress for soils with different degrees of erosion in northeastern China, three erosion degrees—(1) lightly, (2) moderately and (3) severely—eroded black undisturbed soils and four years (from 2013 to 2016) of soybean pot experiments were used to control soil water content (100%, 80%, 60%, and 40% field capacity (FC)) and observe the crop growth processes. To study the relationships between erosion–water use–productivity, the following results were achieved: (1) the optimal water content was 80% FC for lightly eroded soil (L) and 100% FC for both moderately (M) and severely (S) eroded soil. Yield (Y) was best in M with the value of 3.12 t ha−1, which was 4.6% and 85.5% higher than L and S, respectively. Under the conditions of adequate water supply, there was no significant change in Land M, but the values were significantly different for the S ( p < 0.05). (2) Y and biomass (B) were sensitive to water stress except in the branching stage. (3) The values of WUEY and WUEB for the three eroded soils were the best at 80% FC. The stress coefficient (SF) values of the three eroded soils were not significantly different. In the flowering and pod formation stage, the SF reached the maximum under waterlogging stress. While the water shortage stress reached the maximum in the seed filling stage, the soil water content decreased by 10%, and the WUEB decreased by 15%, which was 2.5 times more powerful than the waterlogging stress. This study indicated the change in soybean growth with respect to the water response caused by soil erosion, and provided a scientific basis and data for the reasonable utilization of black soil with different erosion intensities. The results also provided important parameters for the growth of simulated crops.

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Islami, Nur, and Mitri Irianti. "Resistivity characteristics of soil saturated with variation of salt water-fresh water mixture." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2049, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2049/1/012029.

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Abstract Peat soil has a specific physical character if compare with the other sediments. It has amount of organic matter and has relatively porosity and permeability. This preliminary research is to predict the salt water content in the soil and peat soil aquifer later on. This research is to investigate the resistivity characteristic of peat soil saturated with variation of salt water-fresh water mixture. Six undisturbed soil and peat soil samples were taken from difference sites in the coastal area. The soil and peat soil samples then saturated with difference amount of salt-fresh water mixture. The resistivity measurement then was measured to the soial and peat soil saturated with the salt-fresh water mixture. The result show that the resistivity decreases drastically as the increasing of a little amount of salt water in the salt-fresh water mixture.

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21

Gomboš, Milan. "Soil water regime in clay-loam soils." Cereal Research Communications 35, no. 2 (June 2007): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/crc.35.2007.2.63.

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Wraith, J. M. "Soil Water Dynamics." Vadose Zone Journal 3, no. 4 (November 1, 2004): 1490. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/3.4.1490.

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Centeri, Csaba. "Soil Water Erosion." Water 14, no. 3 (February 1, 2022): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14030447.

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Várallyay, Gy. "Soil-water stress." Cereal Research Communications 37, no. 2 (June 2009): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/crc.37.2009.suppl.7.

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25

Haverkamp, R., F. J. Leij, C. Fuentes, A. Sciortino, and P. J. Ross. "Soil Water Retention." Soil Science Society of America Journal 69, no. 6 (November 2005): 1881–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2004.0225.

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Leij, F. J., R. Haverkamp, C. Fuentes, F. Zatarain, and P. J. Ross. "Soil Water Retention." Soil Science Society of America Journal 69, no. 6 (November 2005): 1891–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2004.0226.

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Wraith, Jon M. "Soil Water Dynamics." Vadose Zone Journal 3, no. 4 (November 2004): 1490. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2004.1490.

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28

Phillips, Fred M. "Soil-water bypass." Nature Geoscience 3, no. 2 (February 2010): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo762.

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29

GERMANN, PETER. "Soil- Water Interactions." Soil Science 146, no. 3 (September 1988): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198809000-00014.

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30

Bachmann, J. R. "Soil Water Repellency." Journal of Environment Quality 33, no. 4 (2004): 1582—a. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.1582a.

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31

Minasny, Budiman. "Soil Water Dynamics." Geoderma 122, no. 1 (September 2004): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2003.11.011.

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Morgan, Cristine L. S. "Assessing Soil Health: Soil Water Cycling." Crops & Soils 53, no. 5 (September 2020): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crso.20064.

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Pierzgalski, Edward, and Jerzy Jeznach. "Measures for soil water control in Poland." Journal of Water and Land Development 10, no. 1 (December 1, 2006): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10025-007-0007-5.

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Measures for soil water control in Poland Polish water resources depend on precipitations, which are variable in time and space. In dry years the water balance is negative in central parts of Poland but sudden thaws and downfalls may result in periodical water excess and dangerous floods almost in the entire country. The retention capacity of artificial reservoirs in Poland permits to store only 6% of the average annual runoff, which is commonly considered insufficient. Another method to increase retention is soil water control. About fifty percent of soils in Poland consist of light and very light sandy soils with low water capacity. Loams and organogenic soils cover approximately 25% and 8.5% area of the country, respectively. Almost half of agricultural lands (48%) have relatively good water conditions, but the rest requires soil water control measures. An increase of the soil water content could be achieved by changes of soil properties, water table control and soil water management. Modernization and reconstruction of drainage and irrigation systems, which were built mainly in the period 1960-1980, is needed.

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Ende, J. van den. "Water contents of glasshouse soils at field capacity and at saturation. 1. Relationships between water contents." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 36, no. 3 (August 1, 1988): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v36i3.16678.

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The relationship between water contents at saturation and at field capacity was determined in soils from 75 glasshouses in the Netherlands. Sandy, loamy and peaty soils were equally represented. Water contents of soils at sampling time were found to correspond closely with those at field capacity. Water contents of saturated pastes obtained from field-moist soil samples were higher than those of saturated pastes obtained from soil samples dried previously. For the relationships between water contents of field-moist soil samples and of saturated pastes obtained from field-moist and dried soil samples, correlation coefficients of 0.986 and 0.985, respectively, were found. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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Chau, Henry Wai, Asim Biswas, Vladimir Vujanovic, and Bing Cheng Si. "Relationship between the severity, persistence of soil water repellency and the critical soil water content in water repellent soils." Geoderma 221-222 (June 2014): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.12.025.

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Fredlund, Delwyn G., Daichao Sheng, and Jidong Zhao. "Estimation of soil suction from the soil-water characteristic curve." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 48, no. 2 (February 2011): 186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t10-060.

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Soil-water characteristic curves (SWCCs) are routinely used for the estimation of unsaturated soil property functions (e.g., permeability functions, water storage functions, shear strength functions, and thermal property functions). This paper examines the possibility of using the SWCC for the estimation of in situ soil suction. The paper focuses on the limitations of estimating soil suctions from the SWCC and also suggests a context under which soil suction estimations should be used. The potential range of estimated suction values is known to be large because of hysteresis between drying and wetting SWCCs. For this, and other reasons, the estimation of in situ suctions from the SWCC has been discouraged. However, a framework is suggested in this paper for estimating the median value for in situ soil suction along with a likely range of soil suction values (i.e., maximum and minimum values). The percentage error in the estimation of soil suction from the SWCC is shown to be lowest for sand soils and highest for clay soils.

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Michal, Dohnal, Dušek Jaromír, Vogel Tomáš, and Herza Jiří. "Analysis of Soil Water Response to Grass Transpiration." Soil and Water Research 1, No. 3 (January 7, 2013): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6510-swr.

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This paper focuses on numerical modelling of soil water movement in response to the root water uptake that is driven by transpiration. The flow of water in a lysimeter, installed at a grass covered hillslope site in a small headwater catchment, is analysed by means of numerical simulation. The lysimeter system provides a well defined control volume with boundary fluxes measured and soil water pressure continuously monitored. The evapotranspiration intensity is estimated by the Penman-Monteith method and compared with the measured lysimeter soil water loss and the simulated root water uptake. Variably saturated flow of water in the lysimeter is simulated using one-dimensional dual-permeability model based on the numerical solution of the Richards’ equation. The availability of water for the root water uptake is determined by the evaluation of the plant water stress function, integrated in the soil water flow model. Different lower boundary conditions are tested to compare the soil water dynamics inside and outside the lysimeter. Special attention is paid to the possible influence of the preferential flow effects on the lysimeter soil water balance. The adopted modelling approach provides a useful and flexible framework for numerical analysis of soil water dynamics in response to the plant transpiration.

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Cresswell, HP, DE Smiles, and J. Williams. "Soil structure, soil hydraulic properties and the soil water balance." Soil Research 30, no. 3 (1992): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9920265.

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We review the influence of soil structural change on the fundamental soil hydraulic properties (unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and the soil moisture characteristic) and utilize deterministic modelling to assess subsequent effects on the soil water balance. Soil structure is reflected in the 0 to -100 kPa matric potential section of the soil moisture characteristic with marked changes often occurring in light to medium textured soils' (sands, sandy-loam, loams and clay-loams). The effect of long-term tillage on soil structure may decrease hydraulic conductivity within this matric potential range. The 'SWIM' (Soil Water Infiltration and Movement) simulation model was used to illustrate the effects of long-term conventional tillage and direct drilling systems on the water balance. The effects of plough pans, surface crusts and decreasing surface detention were also investigated. Significant structural deterioration, as evidenced by substantially reduced hydraulic conductivity, is necessary before significant runoff is generated in the low intensity rainfall regime of the Southern Tablelands (6 min rainfall intensity <45 mm h-1). A 10 mm thick plough pan (at a depth of 100 mm) in the A-horizon of a long-term conventionally tilled soil required a saturated hydraulic conductivity (K,) of less than 2.5 mm h-1 before runoff exceeded 10% of incident rainfall in this rainfall regime. Similarly, a crust K, of less than 2.5 mm h-1 was necessary before runoff exceeded 10% of incident rainfall (provided that surface detention was 2 or more). As the crust K, approached the rainfall rate, small decreases in Ks resulted in large increases in runoff. An increase in surface detention of 1 to 3 mm resulted in a large reduction in runoff where crust K, was less than 2-5 mm h-1. Deterministic simulation models incorporating well established physical laws are effective tools in the study of soil structural effects on the field water regime. Their application, however, is constrained by insufficient knowledge of the fundamental hydraulic properties of Australian soils and how they are changing in response to our land management.

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Silva, Luana da, Jackson Adriano Albuquerque, Letícia Sequinatto, and Diego Bortolini. "Adjusting the water retention curve for retractable soils." DYNA 88, no. 218 (August 20, 2021): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v88n218.89499.

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The soil water retention curve (SWRC) relates moisture to soil water retention energy (matrix potential). The calculation of the volumetrichumidity considers the sample volume. In retractable soils, this volume varies according to the drying or wetting of the soil, which can result in errors in the calculated moisture. The objective of this study is to quantify the volume variation in retractable soils and to elaborate the SWRC via the traditional method, which does not consider soil retraction, and a second method, called adjusted, that considers thephenomenon of soil retraction. Soil samples have been collected in horizons A and B from six soil profiles Thus, for retractable soils, it isrecommended that the adjustment of the SWRC be carried out considering the actual volume of the soil (retracted), which varies for each matrix potential applied. This adjustment reduces errors, mainly in determining the permanent wilt point and available water.

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Richards, BG. "The role of lateral stresses on soil water relations in swelling clays." Soil Research 24, no. 4 (1986): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9860457.

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The moisture characteristic of a swelling soil is the result of complex interaction between the soil water potential and imposed mechanical stresses. This can give rise to soil water profiles which cannot be interpreted by soil water theories for non-swelling soils. Agricultural soil physics has been concerned primarily with highly structured surface soils, and has developed simple theories for the effects of stress on soil water relations in swelling soils. These simple theories ignore the effect of lateral stress in the soil. Civil engineers, on the other hand, dealing mainly with less complex soils at depth, have developed more complex theories for the effect of three-dimensional stress states on soil water relations. This paper shows how the effect of three-dimensional stress can and should be included in soil water studies of swelling soils, and gives examples to demonstrate the possible magnitude of such effects.

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Li, Xiaopeng, Scott X. Chang, and K. Francis Salifu. "Soil texture and layering effects on water and salt dynamics in the presence of a water table: a review." Environmental Reviews 22, no. 1 (March 2014): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2013-0035.

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Soil texture and its vertical spatial heterogeneity may greatly influence soil hydraulic properties and the distribution of water and solutes in the soil profile; therefore, they are of great importance for agricultural, environmental, and geo-engineering applications such as land reclamation and landfill construction. This paper reviews the following aspects on water and salt dynamics in the presence of a water table: (i) the effect of soil texture on the extent of upward movement of groundwater in homogenous soils and (ii) the impact of soil textural layering on water and salt dynamics. For a homogenous soil, the maximum height of capillary rise (hmax) or the evaporation characteristic length (ECL) is closely related to the soil texture. When the water table is deeper than hmax, water will evaporate at some depth below surface and salts will be retained below the evaporation front, causing the separation of water and salt. For layered soils, flow barriers (capillary and hydraulic barriers) can make the soil hold more water than a nonlayered one. A capillary barrier may work when a fine-textured layer overlies a coarse-textured layer during infiltration or a coarse-textured layer overlies a fine-textured layer during evaporation, and a hydraulic barrier may occur when a poorly permeable layer exists in the soil profile. The extra water held by flow barriers may improve water availability to plants and may at the same time increase salinization and other environmental risks. Under special conditions, such as in seasonally frozen soils with a shallow water table, there is an additional soil salinization incentive caused by freeze–thaw cycles. Above all, further research is needed to understand the complex effects of soil texture and layering on water and salt dynamics, especially in artificial soils such as reclaimed soils with contrasting properties.

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Wang, Dong Lin. "Experimental Study on Soil Water Characteristic Curve of Compacted Unsaturated Soil." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 1285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.1285.

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Soil water characteristic curve is one of important topics of unsaturated soils. Pressure plate extractor and GDS unsaturated triaxial apparatus are used to study influencing factors including types of soils and net mean stress. Through method of least-squares, Fredlund five-parameter model were employed to fit soil-water characteristic curves. The results show that model provided a satisfactory fit to the experimental data. Through an analysis of influencing factors, we find that not only physical condition of samples but also external stress condition can affect the shape of soil water characteristic curve.

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Carrillo, M. L. K., S. R. Yates, and J. Letey. "Measurement of Initial Soil-Water Contact Angle of Water Repellent Soils." Soil Science Society of America Journal 63, no. 3 (May 1999): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1999.03615995006300030002x.

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van Dam, J. C., J. H. M. Wösten, and A. Nemes. "Unsaturated soil water movement in hysteretic and water repellent field soils." Journal of Hydrology 184, no. 3-4 (October 1996): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(95)02996-6.

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Zhou, Wei Guang, Yu Long Bao, and Hong Bin Zhou. "Research on Soil-Water Characteristic Curve of Unsaturated Mixed-Soil in West Sichuan." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 996–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.996.

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A series of tests are conducted to get the physical composition, physical form and the soil-water characteristic curve in different dry density of three typical composite unsaturated soils in west Sichuan. Test data shows that the variation of physical composition, particle size and dry density can result in great change of soil-water characteristic curve. The bigger the dry density is, the more hydrophilic mineral the soil has, the more gentle the soil-water characteristic curve is, and the higher its residual moisture content is. In addition, under the same water content, matrix suction decreases with less clay content and more content. For the three typical composite unsaturated soils, with relatively bigger water content, the change of soil-water characteristic curve resulting from variation of dry density is less, but with the water content getting smaller, the change becomes clearer.

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Vopravil, Jan, Pavel Formánek, and Tomáš Khel. "Comparison of the physical properties of soils belonging to different reference soil groups." Soil and Water Research 16, No. 1 (December 11, 2020): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/31/2020-swr.

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Soil properties can be influenced by long-term agricultural management practices as described in pedological literature. In this study, selected physical properties (particle density and bulk density, total porosity, maximum capillary water capacity, minimum air capacity, field capacity, permanent wilting point and available water capacity) of topsoils from different reference soil groups (Cambisols, Luvisols, Fluvisols, Chernozems and Phaeozems, Leptosols, Stagnosols and Gleysols) were sampled and analysed in the years 2016–2017. The topsoil samples were taken from points of so-called S (specific) soil pits to be sampled from the General Soil Survey of Agricultural Soils (GSSAS) which was accomplished in the years 1961–1970. In addition, some of the properties were also compared with those measured during the GSSAS. Recognising the properties, only the particle density, the maximum capillary water capacity, the permanent wilting point and the available water capacity of the topsoil of the individual soil groups were statistically significantly (P < 0.05) different. A comparison of the physical properties with those analysed after more than 40 years was performed, the bulk density increased and the total porosity decreased in the topsoil of the major part of the studied soil groups.

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Orlowski, Natalie, Lutz Breuer, Nicolas Angeli, Pascal Boeckx, Christophe Brumbt, Craig S. Cook, Maren Dubbert, et al. "Inter-laboratory comparison of cryogenic water extraction systems for stable isotope analysis of soil water." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 7 (July 6, 2018): 3619–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3619-2018.

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Abstract. For more than two decades, research groups in hydrology, ecology, soil science, and biogeochemistry have performed cryogenic water extractions (CWEs) for the analysis of δ2H and δ18O of soil water. Recent studies have shown that extraction conditions (time, temperature, and vacuum) along with physicochemical soil properties may affect extracted soil water isotope composition. Here we present results from the first worldwide round robin laboratory intercomparison. We test the null hypothesis that, with identical soils, standards, extraction protocols, and isotope analyses, cryogenic extractions across all laboratories are identical. Two standard soils with different physicochemical characteristics along with deionized (DI) reference water of known isotopic composition were shipped to 16 participating laboratories. Participants oven-dried and rewetted the soils to 8 and 20 % gravimetric water content (WC), using the deionized reference water. One batch of soil samples was extracted via predefined extraction conditions (time, temperature, and vacuum) identical to all laboratories; the second batch was extracted via conditions considered routine in the respective laboratory. All extracted water samples were analyzed for δ18O and δ2H by the lead laboratory (Global Institute for Water Security, GIWS, Saskatoon, Canada) using both a laser and an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (OA-ICOS and IRMS, respectively). We rejected the null hypothesis. Our results showed large differences in retrieved isotopic signatures among participating laboratories linked to soil type and soil water content with mean differences compared to the reference water ranging from +18.1 to −108.4 ‰ for δ2H and +11.8 to −14.9 ‰ for δ18O across all laboratories. In addition, differences were observed between OA-ICOS and IRMS isotope data. These were related to spectral interferences during OA-ICOS analysis that are especially problematic for the clayey loam soils used. While the types of cryogenic extraction lab construction varied from manifold systems to single chambers, no clear trends between system construction, applied extraction conditions, and extraction results were found. Rather, observed differences in the isotope data were influenced by interactions between multiple factors (soil type and properties, soil water content, system setup, extraction efficiency, extraction system leaks, and each lab's internal accuracy). Our results question the usefulness of cryogenic extraction as a standard for water extraction since results are not comparable across laboratories. This suggests that defining any sort of standard extraction procedure applicable across laboratories is challenging. Laboratories might have to establish calibration functions for their specific extraction system for each natural soil type, individually.

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Roy, D., M. N. H. Mahmud, P. L. C. Paul, M. B. Hossain, M. S. Yesmin, P. K. Kundu, A. Debnath, M. R. B. H. Pranto, and M. T. Islam. "Paddy Field Water Movement Through Soil Profiles Under Different Water Management Practices: A HYDRUS 1D Model Study." Bangladesh Rice Journal 25, no. 2 (January 11, 2023): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v25i2.62707.

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Physical measurement of hydrological processes through soil profile is very complicated and timeconsuming. Complex and coupled physical processes like water movement with soil matric potential in puddled paddy field can be simulated using physical process-based model HYDRUS 1D. The model simulation was setup for the multilayered (different soil materials at 0-15 and 15-30 cm depth) paddy fields having continuous flooded irrigation (CFI) practice and water saving Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) practice. Measured soil physical properties of three Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) regional station farms (Kushtia, Sirajganj, and Rangpur) were used as model input, initial and boundary conditions configuration. The model was calibrated and validated using the water data of a dry season field experiment in Kushtia. The calibrated (RMSE of 0.54 cm, d of 0.94, NSE of 0.89) water level data validated successfully with observed water level data of AWD practiced paddy field (d of 0.95, NSE of 0.92). Soil water content reached the threshold/critical level in AWD practice (-101 cm of water soil matric potential at 15 cm soil depth) earlier in light textured soil (loam or sandy loam) compared to heavy textured soil (clay). The physical properties of the layered soils (i.e., soil particle size distribution and soil water release curve, SWRC) did not affect much on water movement in CFI practice, but it had substantial impact on field water movement under AWD practice. The change in soil water storage followed the general trend for respective soil water holding and releasing capacity, clay soil was heavier and released water slowly than that of loam or sandy loam soils. The positive water flux above 15 cm of soil profile mainly drove the water flow due to evapotranspiration and soil water and pressure distribution along the soil profile while the negative fluxes below 15 cm of soil depth due to infiltration or percolation contributed as a secondary force. A basic understanding of HYDRUS simulated results would lead to realize the total physiohydrological environment in the paddy field. Bangladesh Rice J. 25 (2) : 57-67, 2021

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Di Prima, Simone, Mirko Castellini, Mario Pirastru, and Saskia Keesstra. "Soil Water Conservation: Dynamics and Impact." Water 10, no. 7 (July 18, 2018): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10070952.

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Human needs like food and clean water are directly related to good maintenance of healthy and productive soils. A good understanding of human impact on the natural environment is therefore necessary to preserve and manage soil and water resources. This knowledge is particularly important in semi-arid and arid regions, where the increasing demands on limited water supplies require urgent efforts to improve water quality and water use efficiency. It is important to keep in mind that both soil and water are limited resources. Thus, wise use of these natural resources is a fundamental prerequisite for the sustainability of human societies. This Special Issue collects 15 original contributions addressing the state of the art of soil and water conservation research. Contributions cover a wide range of topics, including (1) recovery of soil hydraulic properties; (2) erosion risk; (3) novel modeling, monitoring and experimental approaches for soil hydraulic characterization; (4) improvement of crop yields; (5) water availability; and (6) soil salinity. The collection of manuscripts presented in this Special Issue provides more insights into conservation strategies for effective and sustainable soil and water management.

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Tao, Gaoliang, Da Lei, Lisheng Liu, Yi Li, and Xueliang Zhu. "Prediction of Soil Water Characteristic Curve Based on Soil Water Evaporation." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (March 1, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6686442.

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Soil water characteristic curves (SWCC) and soil water evaporation curves both represent the laws of water content variation in the natural state. Aiming to investigate the relationship between them further, Hunan sand with six dry densities were used in this study, and a series of experimental studies were performed. This study developed the application of evaporation curves in geotechnical engineering, reduced the workload of measuring soil water characteristic curves, and explored the relationship between evaporation rate and fractal dimension. Through the indoor tests, we measured soil water characteristic curves of specimens and soil water evaporation curves at different temperatures and explored the relationship between these two curves. In this study, a model was developed that allows the conversion from soil water evaporation curves to soil water characteristic curves, which is an equation about matrix suction ψ versus cumulative time t. Further, two prediction methods are developed, which are derived based on the Fredlund–Xing model and based on the Bird model, respectively. The proposed methods were validated using soil water evaporation tests of Hunan sand with six dry densities at three ambient temperatures, and the results showed that good prediction performances were achieved using these two methods.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Soil water'

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