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Journal articles on the topic 'Soil-water balance'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 March 2023

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1

Ragab, R., F. Beese, and W. Ehlers. "A Soil Water Balance and Dry Matter Production Model: I. Soil Water Balance of Oat." Agronomy Journal 82, no. 1 (January 1990): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj1990.00021962008200010033x.

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2

Sackschewsky, M. R., C. J. Kemp, S. O. Link, and W. J. Waugh. "Soil Water Balance Changes in Engineered Soil Surfaces." Journal of Environmental Quality 24, no. 2 (March 1995): 352–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400020019x.

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3

Cresswell, HP, DE Smiles, and J. Williams. "Soil structure, soil hydraulic properties and the soil water balance." Soil Research 30, no. 3 (1992): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9920265.

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We review the influence of soil structural change on the fundamental soil hydraulic properties (unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and the soil moisture characteristic) and utilize deterministic modelling to assess subsequent effects on the soil water balance. Soil structure is reflected in the 0 to -100 kPa matric potential section of the soil moisture characteristic with marked changes often occurring in light to medium textured soils' (sands, sandy-loam, loams and clay-loams). The effect of long-term tillage on soil structure may decrease hydraulic conductivity within this matric potential range. The 'SWIM' (Soil Water Infiltration and Movement) simulation model was used to illustrate the effects of long-term conventional tillage and direct drilling systems on the water balance. The effects of plough pans, surface crusts and decreasing surface detention were also investigated. Significant structural deterioration, as evidenced by substantially reduced hydraulic conductivity, is necessary before significant runoff is generated in the low intensity rainfall regime of the Southern Tablelands (6 min rainfall intensity <45 mm h-1). A 10 mm thick plough pan (at a depth of 100 mm) in the A-horizon of a long-term conventionally tilled soil required a saturated hydraulic conductivity (K,) of less than 2.5 mm h-1 before runoff exceeded 10% of incident rainfall in this rainfall regime. Similarly, a crust K, of less than 2.5 mm h-1 was necessary before runoff exceeded 10% of incident rainfall (provided that surface detention was 2 or more). As the crust K, approached the rainfall rate, small decreases in Ks resulted in large increases in runoff. An increase in surface detention of 1 to 3 mm resulted in a large reduction in runoff where crust K, was less than 2-5 mm h-1. Deterministic simulation models incorporating well established physical laws are effective tools in the study of soil structural effects on the field water regime. Their application, however, is constrained by insufficient knowledge of the fundamental hydraulic properties of Australian soils and how they are changing in response to our land management.

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4

Martínez-Ferri, E., J. L. Muriel-Fernández, and J. A. Rodríguez Díaz. "Soil Water Balance Modelling Using SWAP." Outlook on Agriculture 42, no. 2 (June 2013): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/oa.2013.0125.

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5

McCoy, A. J., G. Parkin, C. Wagner-Riddle, J. Warland, J. Lauzon, P. von Bertoldi, D. Fallow, and S. Jayasundara. "Using automated soil water content measurements to estimate soil water budgets." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 86, no. 1 (February 1, 2006): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s05-031.

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The distribution of precipitation into the components of a soil water budget has a profound impact on crop growth, groundwater recharge, soil erosion, and groundwater and surface water contamination levels. The main objectives of this study were to develop a new method of measuring soil water balances and to demonstrate the use of the method in examining differences between partitioning of water in conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) management systems. Hourly precipitation, evapotranspiration, and changes in soil water storage data were collected automatically over a 3-yr period at a field site near Elora, Ontario. Runoff and interception were calculated as the difference between measured increases in soil water storage and total rainfall during each significant rain event when the soil was not frozen. Drainage was then calculated, as it was the only component of the soil water balance not measured. The amount of soil water stored in the NT system was greater than the CT system during the latter part of the study as the NT system aged. The amount of drainage calculated for a 3 -yr period was greater for CT than the NT treatment, a result that is contrary to many previous studies. The measured amount of runoff plus interception was greater in the NT versus CT treatment. Since NT is generally accepted as a means of reducing runoff, this result could be due to the enhanced amount of interception by the crop residue left on the surface of the NT treatment. Key words: Soil water balance, water content reflectometer, drainage, runoff, tillage, time series

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6

Šťastná, M., and E. Stenitzer. "SIMWASER model as a tool for the assessment of soil water balance." Plant, Soil and Environment 51, No. 8 (November 19, 2011): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3609-pse.

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The objectives of our study were to apply, test and to present the ability of the deterministic simulation model SIMWASER computing soil-water balance components. Two case studies for the assessment of percolation losses from irrigated carrots to deep groundwater at Obersiebenbrunn in the Marchfeld (Austria) and ground water recharge and capillary rise from shallow groundwater in grass lysimeters at Berlin-Dahlem (Germany) are presented to demonstrate the performance of the model by a comparison between measured and simulated results from the field experiments. At Obersiebenbrunn, simulated percolation and evapotranspiration were 183 and 629 mm, while the respective measured values amounted to 198 and 635 mm. In Berlin-Dahlem simulated capillary rise and evapotranspiration were –122 and 458 mm, whereas the measurement showed –155 and 454 mm. These results showed the SIMWASER method as a good applicable tool to demonstrate and study plant – soil – water relationships as well as influence of land use, especially on ground water recharge.

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7

Kolars, Kelsey, Xinhua Jia, Dean D. Steele, and Thomas F. Scherer. "A Soil Water Balance Model for Subsurface Water Management." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 35, no. 4 (2019): 633–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.13038.

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Abstract. Most cropland in the upper Midwest will experience periods of excess water and drought conditions during a growing season. When the objective is to produce high yields, effective use of a subsurface water management system can help provide optimal soil moisture conditions for growth. A subsurface water management system includes draining excess water from the soil profile through subsurface drainage (SSD), managing the water table through controlled drainage (CD), or adding water to the drainage system during dry conditions (Subirrigation – SI). Subsurface water management can become difficult when determining the time and amount needed for SSD and SI, and (or) the optimal water table (WT) depth when using CD due to water movement in both the upward and downward directions. In this study, a 21 ha field with CD, a 17-ha field with CD + SI, and a 16 ha control field (surface drained only) over clay loam and silty clay loam soils were used to evaluate subsurface water management scheduling for corn (2013) and soybean (2014). The Checkbook Irrigation Scheduling method (Lundstrom and Stegman, 1988) was modified to include an algorithm to estimate the daily water balance contribution due to upward flux (UF) from a shallow water table. For the 2013 growing season, the UF reduction of the daily soil moisture deficit (SMD) was minimal due to deeper WT over the growing season and there was little difference between the modified and original Checkbook methods. For the 2014 growing season, the SMD estimates from the Modified Checkbook method produced closer estimates to the in-field SMD compared to the original Checkbook method. Therefore, adding SSD and shallow WT contributions in the Checkbook method produces similar, if not more accurate, estimations of daily SMD that can be used for subsurface water management. Keywords: Checkbook irrigation scheduling method, Model development, Subirrigation, Subsurface drainage.

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8

Evett, Steven R., Robert C. Schwartz, Joaquin J. Casanova, and Lee K. Heng. "Soil water sensing for water balance, ET and WUE." Agricultural Water Management 104 (February 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2011.12.002.

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9

Hoekstra, Arjen Y. "Green-blue water accounting in a soil water balance." Advances in Water Resources 129 (July 2019): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2019.05.012.

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10

Cuenca, Richard H., David E. Stangel, and Shaun F. Kelly. "Soil water balance in a boreal forest." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 102, no. D24 (December 1, 1997): 29355–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97jd02312.

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11

Feng, Xue, Amilcare Porporato, and Ignacio Rodriguez-Iturbe. "Stochastic soil water balance under seasonal climates." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 471, no. 2174 (February 2015): 20140623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2014.0623.

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The analysis of soil water partitioning in seasonally dry climates necessarily requires careful consideration of the periodic climatic forcing at the intra-annual timescale in addition to daily scale variabilities. Here, we introduce three new extensions to a stochastic soil moisture model which yields seasonal evolution of soil moisture and relevant hydrological fluxes. These approximations allow seasonal climatic forcings (e.g. rainfall and potential evapotranspiration) to be fully resolved, extending the analysis of soil water partitioning to account explicitly for the seasonal amplitude and the phase difference between the climatic forcings. The results provide accurate descriptions of probabilistic soil moisture dynamics under seasonal climates without requiring extensive numerical simulations. We also find that the transfer of soil moisture between the wet to the dry season is responsible for hysteresis in the hydrological response, showing asymmetrical trajectories in the mean soil moisture and in the transient Budyko's curves during the ‘dry-down‘ versus the ‘rewetting‘ phases of the year. Furthermore, in some dry climates where rainfall and potential evapotranspiration are in-phase, annual evapotranspiration can be shown to increase because of inter-seasonal soil moisture transfer, highlighting the importance of soil water storage in the seasonal context.

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12

Nemes, A., J. H. M. Wösten, J. Bouma, and G. Várallyay. "Soil water balance scenario studies using predicted soil hydraulic parameters." Hydrological Processes 20, no. 5 (2006): 1075–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5934.

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13

Ávila, Ana Carolina Mattos, Jackson Adriano Albuquerque, and Claudia Guimarães Camargo Campos. "Climate change and its effect on the soil water balance of Lages, Santa Catarina." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 15, no. 6 (2022): 2796–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v15.6.p2796-2809.

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Undertaken activities in agricultural, industrial and urban productions emit gases that increase the greenhouse effect and change both air temperature and precipitation. These changes damage the environment and agricultural production alike, as well as life on Earth. In light of this, the present study has as its objective to understand the climate regime in Lages/SC, a municipality located in southern Brazil, and analyze the effects of climate change on air temperature, precipitation, consecutive dry days and the soil water balance. To that end, historical series corresponding from 1948 to 2020 were used for maximum, average and minimum air temperatures, while the series from 1961 to 2020 were used for precipitation. In order to have the water balance calculated, precipitation and air temperature were considered as input data for the method of Thornthwaite and Mather (1955). As for potential evapotranspiration, soil water storage and available water capacity, they were calculated considering a Humic Dystrudept, classified according to the Soil Taxonomy. Temporal analyses regarding air temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration, consecutive dry days, intense rains and water balance were conducted by using the Mann-Kendall trend test (0.05). A positive and increasing trend was observed for maximum, average and minimum air temperatures, as well as for the precipitation over the years. Although rainfall volume has increased over time, periods with fifteen consecutive dry days have been increasingly frequent. Despite the changes in temperature, precipitation and rainfall distribution, there were no changes observed in evapotranspiration, occurrence of intense rains or in the soil water balance.

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14

Milly, P. C. D. "Climate, soil water storage, and the average annual water balance." Water Resources Research 30, no. 7 (July 1994): 2143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94wr00586.

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15

Bircham, J. S., and A. G. Gillingham. "A soil water balance model for sloping land." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 29, no. 2 (April 1986): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288233.1986.10426988.

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16

Grainger, Alan. "Soil Water Balance in the Sudano–Sahelian Zone." Journal of Arid Environments 23, no. 4 (November 1992): 460–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-1963(18)30631-1.

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17

Brisson, Nadine, Bernard Seguin, and Patrick Bertuzzi. "Agrometeorological soil water balance for crop simulation models." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 59, no. 3-4 (July 1992): 267–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(92)90097-n.

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18

Mota, Jaedson Cláudio Anunciato, Paulo Leonel Libardi, Raimundo Nonato Assis Júnior, Alexsandro Santos Brito, Márcio Godofrêdo Rocha Lobato, Thiago Leite Alencar, Alcione Guimarães Freire, and Juarez Cassiano Lima Júnior. "Climatic and Soil Water Balances for the Melon Crop." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 2 (January 12, 2018): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n2p116.

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The correct estimate of the water requirements of a crop, besides favoring its full development, also allows the rational use of water. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate water balance in the soil and estimated through climatic methods for the melon crop. Field water balance was daily determined along a period of 70 days. Climatic water balance was determined based on the reference evapotranspiration estimated by the methods of Penman-Monteith, Thornthwaite and Hargreaves-Samani. It was concluded that climatic methods do not estimate correctly water storage in the soil and, consequently, also the balance. Therefore, they should not substitute the soil water balance method to determine these variables. The water management for the melon crop based on evapotranspiration estimated through climatic methods results in overestimation of the water depth to be applied in the soil, in the initial growth stage, and underestimation in the periods of highest water demand.

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19

Campos, Marcos S., Eugenio F. Coelho, Marcelo R. dos Santos, Rafael D. M. Fernandes, and Jailson L. Cruz. "Consumptive water use of banana under micro irrigation using a soil-water balance approximation." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 26, no. 8 (August 2022): 594–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n8p594-601.

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ABSTRACT DMulching contributes to the maintenance of soil moisture at reasonable levels for crop growth. It influences the crop water demand and irrigation time. The aim of this study was to estimate evapotranspiration and root water uptake by the ‘BRS Princesa’ banana cultivar through a simple approach using some components of soil water balance within the root zone in bare and mulched soil irrigated by drip and micro sprinkler systems. The experimental design was completely randomized in split plots with six replicates. The plots consisted of two irrigation systems (drip and micro sprinkler), the subplots consisted of two soil surface conditions: with and without mulch. The alternative approach for soil water percolation in the soil water balance allowed obtaining ETc under field condition with reasonable accuracy. ETc estimated from the root zone water balance is lower than ETc from FAO Penman-Monteith equation. Root water extraction in the mulched soil under drip irrigation is higher than that under micro sprinkler irrigation.

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20

CASTRO, Fábio da Silveira, Roberto Avelino CECÍLIO, Alexandre Cândido XAVIER, José Eduardo Macedo PEZZOPANE, and Huezer Viganô SPERÂNDIO. "INTERPOLATION OF WATER BALANCE PARAMETERS CONSIDERING DIFFERENT SOIL WATER HOLDING CAPACITY." Nucleus 13, no. 2 (October 30, 2016): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3738/1982.2278.1673.

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21

Milly, P. C. D. "Climate, interseasonal storage of soil water, and the annual water balance." Advances in Water Resources 17, no. 1-2 (January 1994): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0309-1708(94)90020-5.

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22

Erickson, P. I., D. L. Ketring, and J. F. Stone. "Response of Internal Tissue Water Balance of Peanut to Soil Water." Agronomy Journal 83, no. 1 (January 1991): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj1991.00021962008300010056x.

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23

Wegehenkel, Martin. "Validation of a soil water balance model using soil water content and pressure head data." Hydrological Processes 19, no. 6 (2005): 1139–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5557.

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24

Zhang, S., X. Yang, and L. Lovdahl. "Soil management practice effect on water balance of a dryland soil during fallow period on the Loess Plateau of China." Soil and Water Research 11, No. 1 (June 2, 2016): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/255/2014-swr.

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25

Faria, Rogério Teixeira de, and Walter Truman Bowen. "Evaluation of DSSAT soil-water balance module under cropped and bare soil conditions." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 46, no. 4 (December 2003): 489–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132003000400001.

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The performance of the soil water balance module (SWBM) in the models of DSSAT v3.5 was evaluated against soil moisture data measured in bare soil and dry bean plots, in Paraná, southern Brazil. Under bare soil, the SWBM showed a low performance to simulate soil moisture profiles due to inadequacies of the method used to calculate unsaturated soil water flux. Improved estimates were achieved by modifying the SWBM with the use of Darcy's equation to simulate soil water flux as a function of soil water potential gradient between consecutive soil layers. When used to simulate water balance for the bean crop, the modified SWBM improved soil moisture estimation but underpredicted crop yield. Root water uptake data indicated that assumptions on the original method limited plant water extraction for the soil in the study area. This was corrected by replacing empirical coefficients with measured values of soil hydraulic conductivity at different depths.

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26

Dourado-Neto, Durval, Quirijn de Jong van Lier, Klaas Metselaar, Klaus Reichardt, and Donald R. Nielsen. "General procedure to initialize the cyclic soil water balance by the Thornthwaite and Mather method." Scientia Agricola 67, no. 1 (February 2010): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162010000100013.

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The original Thornthwaite and Mather method, proposed in 1955 to calculate a climatic monthly cyclic soil water balance, is frequently used as an iterative procedure due to its low input requirements and coherent estimates of water balance components. Using long term data sets to establish a characteristic water balance of a location, the initial soil water storage is generally assumed to be at field capacity at the end of the last month of the wet season, unless the climate is (semi-) arid when the soil water storage is lower than the soil water holding capacity. To close the water balance, several iterations might be necessary, which can be troublesome in many situations. For (semi-) arid climates with one dry season, Mendonça derived in 1958 an equation to quantify the soil water storage monthly at the end of the last month of the wet season, which avoids iteration procedures and closes the balance in one calculation. The cyclic daily water balance application is needed to obtain more accurate water balance output estimates. In this note, an equation to express the water storage for the case of the occurrence of more than one dry season per year is presented as a generalization of Mendonça's equation, also avoiding iteration procedures.

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27

Lebon, Eric, Vincent Dumas, Philippe Pieri, and Hans R. Schultz. "Modelling the seasonal dynamics of the soil water balance of vineyards." Functional Plant Biology 30, no. 6 (2003): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp02222.

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A geometrical canopy model describing radiation absorption (Riou et al. 1989, Agronomie 9, 441–450) and partitioning between grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) and soil was coupled to a soil water balance routine describing a bilinear change in relative transpiration rate as a function of the fraction of soil transpirable water (FTSW). The model was amended to account for changes in soil evaporation after precipitation events and subsequent dry-down of the top soil layer. It was tested on two experimental vineyards in the Alsace region, France, varying in soil type, water-holding capacity and rooting depth. Simulations were run over four seasons (1992–1993, 1995–1996) and compared with measurements of FTSW conducted with a neutron probe. For three out of four years, the model simulated the dynamics in seasonal soil water balance adequately. For the 1996 season soil water content was overestimated for one vineyard and underestimated for the other. Sensitivity analyses revealed that the model responded strongly to changes in canopy parameters, and that soil evaporation was particularly sensitive to water storage of the top soil layer after rainfall. We found a close relationship between field-average soil water storage and pre-dawn water potential, a relationship which could be used to couple physiological models of growth and / or photosynthesis to the soil water dynamics.

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28

Savel'ev, Yu A., Yu M. Dobrynin, and P. A. Ishkin. "Theoretical study of soil water balance and process of soil moisture evaporation." Agricultural machinery and technologies, no. 1 (February 20, 2017): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2017-1-23-28.

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29

Heitman, J. L., R. Horton, T. J. Sauer, and T. M. DeSutter. "Sensible Heat Observations Reveal Soil-Water Evaporation Dynamics." Journal of Hydrometeorology 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2008): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jhm963.1.

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Abstract Soil-water evaporation is important at scales ranging from microbial ecology to large-scale climate. Yet routine measurements are unable to capture rapidly shifting near-surface soil heat and water processes involved in soil-water evaporation. The objective of this study was to determine the depth and location of the evaporation zone within soil. Three-needle heat-pulse sensors were used to monitor soil heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and temperature below a bare soil surface in central Iowa during natural wetting/drying cycles. Soil heat flux and changes in heat storage were calculated from these data to obtain a balance of sensible heat components. The residual from this balance, attributed to latent heat from water vaporization, provides an estimate of in situ soil-water evaporation. As the soil dried following rainfall, results show divergence in the soil sensible heat flux with depth. Divergence in the heat flux indicates the location of a heat sink associated with soil-water evaporation. Evaporation estimates from the sensible heat balance provide depth and time patterns consistent with observed soil-water depletion patterns. Immediately after rainfall, evaporation occurred near the soil surface. Within 6 days after rainfall, the evaporation zone proceeded > 13 mm into the soil profile. Evaporation rates at the 3-mm depth reached peak values > 0.25 mm h−1. Evaporation occurred simultaneously at multiple measured depth increments, but with time lag between peak evaporation rates for depths deeper below the soil surface. Implementation of finescale measurement techniques for the soil sensible heat balance provides a new opportunity to improve understanding of soil-water evaporation.

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30

Ross, PJ, J. Williams, and RL Mccown. "Soil temperature and the energy balance of vegetative mulch in the semi-arid tropics. II. Dynamic analysis of the total energy balance." Soil Research 23, no. 4 (1985): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9850515.

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Soil temperatures and water losses under killed vegetative mulch canopies are examined in the context of no-tillage crop production, using a numerical dynamic model of the soil, canopy and lower atmosphere. Both liquid and vapour movement in the soil are included, as are free and forced convection in the canopy. The predictions of the model for a clay loam soil are as follows. Medium and heavy mulches reduce the water loss over six days by 1.4 and 2.7 mm respectively, the reduction occurring while the soil surface is wet. This small effect is important in giving seedlings an extra 2 or 3 days for establishment. Water loss from bare soil and under a medium mulch is limited by soil resistance even on the first day of evaporation from initially wet soil. Mulch canopies that intercept 80 and 50% of incoming radiation can keep surface soil temperatures within 10 and 20�C respectively of ambient, whereas bare soil temperatures may rise 30�C above ambient. A moderate wind reduces soil temperatures under a mulch only a few degrees, but cools the canopy much more. A rough soil surface helps cool the soil. Water losses and soil temperatures are little affected by a 50% change in soil water diffusivity or thermal conductivity. An extensive mulched area results in temperatures well above those observed on small plots surrounded by transpiring vegetation, which maintains cool air above the mulch. A simplified form of the model, which incorporates only a single mulch layer and which ignores effects of wind, yields soil temperatures which are not greatly different from those generated by the more complex model for wind speeds below 1 ms-1 at canopy height.

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31

Dóka, Lajos Fülöp. "Examination of extreme water-balance of maize cultivar in different crop rotation systems in 2007." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 32 (December 21, 2008): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/32/3016.

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We examined the change of the time of water balance of soil in long-term experiment, on chernozem soil, in different croprotation systems (mono-, bi- and triculture). We found the smallest difference between the water deficit of not irrigated and irrigated plots in triculture. We concluded that irrigation impressed favourably on water balance of soil in both of crop-rotation systems. Water deficit has decreased significantly after irrigationin 25. May in mono- and triculture. Irrigation moderated only values of water deficit. Irrigation in 30. June not influenced water balance of soil in both of crop-rotation because of a big drought. Water deficit of soil lessed till harvestperiod because of rainy season at the end of August and in September.

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32

Jovanovic, N. Z., J. G. Annandale, and P. S. Hammes. "Teaching Crop Physiology with the Soil Water Balance Model." Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education 29, no. 1 (2000): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jnrlse.2000.0023.

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33

Maraux, F., and F. Lafolie. "Modeling Soil Water Balance of a Maize-Sorghum Sequence." Soil Science Society of America Journal 62, no. 1 (January 1998): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200010010x.

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34

Panigrahi, B., and Sudhindra N. Panda. "Field test of a soil water balance simulation model." Agricultural Water Management 58, no. 3 (February 2003): 223–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-3774(02)00082-3.

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35

Yeh, Hsin-Fu, and Cheng-Haw Lee. "Soil water balance model for precipitation-induced shallow landslides." Environmental Earth Sciences 70, no. 6 (February 21, 2013): 2691–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2326-y.

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36

Porporato, Daly, and Rodriguez-Iturbe. "Soil Water Balance and Ecosystem Response to Climate Change." American Naturalist 164, no. 5 (2004): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3473173.

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37

Porporato, Amilcare, Edoardo Daly, and Ignacio Rodriguez‐Iturbe. "Soil Water Balance and Ecosystem Response to Climate Change." American Naturalist 164, no. 5 (November 2004): 625–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/424970.

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38

Dunin, F. X., C. J. Smith, S. J. Zegelin, and R. Leuning. "Water balance changes in a crop sequence with lucerne." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, no. 2 (2001): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar00089.

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In a detailed study of soil water storage and transport in a sequence of 1 year wheat and 4 years of lucerne, we evaluated drainage under the crop and lucerne as well as additional soil water uptake achieved by the subsequent lucerne phase. The study was performed at Wagga Wagga on a gradational clay soil between 1993 and 1998, during which there was both drought and high amounts of drainage (>10% of annual rainfall) from the rotation. Lucerne removed an additional 125 mm from soil water storage compared with wheat (root-zone of ~1 m), leading to an estimated reduction in drainage to 30–50% of that of rotations comprising solely annual crops and/or pasture. This additional soil water uptake by lucerne was achieved through apparent root extension of 2–2.5 m beyond that of annual crops. It was effective in generating a sink for soil water retention that was about double that of annual crops in this soil. Successful establishment of lucerne at 30 plants/m2 in the first growing season of the pasture phase was a requirement for this root extension. Seasonal water use by lucerne tended to be similar to that of crops in the growing season between May and September, because plant water uptake was confined to the top 1 m of soil. Uptake of water from the subsoil was intermittent over a 2-year period following its successful winter establishment. In each of 2 annual periods, uptake below 1 m soil depth began late in the growing season and terminated in the following autumn. Above-ground dry matter production of lucerne was lower than that by crops grown in the region despite an off-season growth component that was absent under fallow conditions following cropping. This apparent lower productivity of lucerne could be traced in part to greater allocation of assimilate to roots and also to late peak growth rates at high temperatures, which incurred a penalty in terms of lower transpiration efficiency. The shortfall in herbage production by lucerne was offset with the provision of timely, high quality fodder during summer and autumn. Lucerne conferred indirect benefits through nitrogen supply and weed control. Benefits and penalties to the agronomy and hydrology of phase farming systems with lucerne are discussed.

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WANG, Cong, Shuai WANG, Bojie FU, Lu ZHANG, Nan LU, and Lei JIAO. "Stochastic soil moisture dynamic modelling: a case study in the Loess Plateau, China." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 109, no. 3-4 (September 2018): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691018000658.

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ABSTRACTSoil moisture is a key factor in the ecohydrological cycle in water-limited ecosystems, and it integrates the effects of climate, soil, and vegetation. The water balance and the hydrological cycle are significantly important for vegetation restoration in water-limited regions, and these dynamics are still poorly understood. In this study, the soil moisture and water balance were modelled with the stochastic soil water balance model in the Loess Plateau, China. This model was verified by monitoring soil moisture data of black locust plantations in the Yangjuangou catchment in the Loess Plateau. The influences of a rainfall regime change on soil moisture and water balance were also explored. Three meteorological stations were selected (Yulin, Yan'an, and Luochuan) along the precipitation gradient to detect the effects of rainfall spatial variability on the soil moisture and water balance. The results showed that soil moisture tended to be more frequent at low levels with decreasing precipitation, and the ratio of evapotranspiration under stress in response to rainfall also changed from 74.0% in Yulin to 52.3% in Luochuan. In addition, the effects of a temporal change in rainfall regime on soil moisture and water balance were explored at Yan'an. The soil moisture probability density function moved to high soil moisture in the wet period compared to the dry period of Yan'an, and the evapotranspiration under stress increased from 59.5% to 72% from the wet period to the dry period. The results of this study prove the applicability of the stochastic model in the Loess Plateau and reveal its potential for guiding the vegetation restoration in the next stage.

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Whitbread, Anthony M., Munir P. Hoffmann, C. William Davoren, Damian Mowat, and Jeffrey A. Baldock. "Measuring and Modeling the Water Balance in Low-Rainfall Cropping Systems." Transactions of the ASABE 60, no. 6 (2017): 2097–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12581.

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Abstract. In low-rainfall cropping systems, understanding the water balance, and in particular the storage of soil water in the rooting zone for use by crops, is considered critical for devising risk management strategies for grain-based farming. Crop-soil modeling remains a cost-effective option for understanding the interactions between rainfall, soil, and crop growth, from which management options can be derived. The objective of this study was to assess the error in the prediction of soil water content at key decision points in the season against continuous, multi-layer soil water measurements made with frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) probes in long-term experiments in the Mallee region of South Australia and New South Wales. Field estimates of the crop lower limit or drained upper limit were found to be more reliable than laboratory-based estimates, despite the fact that plant-available water capacity (PAWC) did not substantially differ between the methods. Using the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) to simulate plant-available water over three-year rotations, predicted soil water was within 7 mm (PAWC 64 to 99 mm) of the measured data across all sowing events and rotations. Simulated (n = 46) wheat grain production resulted in a root mean square error (RMSE) of 492 kg ha-1, which is only marginally smaller than that of other field studies that derived soil water limits with less detailed methods. This study shows that using field-derived data of soil water limits and soil-specific settings for parameterization of other properties that determine soil evaporation and water redistribution enables APSIM to be widely applied for managing climate risk in low-rainfall environments. Keywords: APSIM, Climate risk management, Crop models, Decision support, Soil moisture.

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Michal, Dohnal, Dušek Jaromír, Vogel Tomáš, and Herza Jiří. "Analysis of Soil Water Response to Grass Transpiration." Soil and Water Research 1, No. 3 (January 7, 2013): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6510-swr.

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This paper focuses on numerical modelling of soil water movement in response to the root water uptake that is driven by transpiration. The flow of water in a lysimeter, installed at a grass covered hillslope site in a small headwater catchment, is analysed by means of numerical simulation. The lysimeter system provides a well defined control volume with boundary fluxes measured and soil water pressure continuously monitored. The evapotranspiration intensity is estimated by the Penman-Monteith method and compared with the measured lysimeter soil water loss and the simulated root water uptake. Variably saturated flow of water in the lysimeter is simulated using one-dimensional dual-permeability model based on the numerical solution of the Richards’ equation. The availability of water for the root water uptake is determined by the evaluation of the plant water stress function, integrated in the soil water flow model. Different lower boundary conditions are tested to compare the soil water dynamics inside and outside the lysimeter. Special attention is paid to the possible influence of the preferential flow effects on the lysimeter soil water balance. The adopted modelling approach provides a useful and flexible framework for numerical analysis of soil water dynamics in response to the plant transpiration.

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Connolly, R. D., M. Bell, N. Huth, D. M. Freebairn, and G. Thomas. "Simulating infiltration and the water balance in cropping systems with APSIM-SWIM." Soil Research 40, no. 2 (2002): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr01007.

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We test APSIM-SWIM's ability to simulate infiltration and interactions between the soil water balance and grain crop growth using soil hydraulic properties derived from independent, point measurements. APSIMSWIM is a continuous soil-crop model that simulates infiltration, surface crusting, and soil condition in more detail than most other soil-crop models. Runoff, soil water, and crop growth information measured at sites in southern Queensland was used to test the model. Parameter values were derived directly from soil hydraulic properties measured using rainfall simulators, disc permeameters and ponded rings, and pressure plate apparatus. In general, APSIM-SWIM simulated infiltration, runoff, soil water and the water balance, and yield as accurately and reliably as other soil crop models, indicating the model is suitable for evaluating effects of infiltration and soil-water relations on crop growth. Increased model detail did not hinder application, instead improving parameter transferability and utility, but improved methods of characterising crusting, soil hydraulic conductivity, and macroporosity under field conditions would improve ease of application, prediction accuracy, and reliability of the model. Model utility and accuracy would benefit from improved representation of temporal variation in soil condition, including effects of tillage and consolidation on soil condition and bypass flow in cracks. infiltration, crop models, APSIM, water balance, soil structure.

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43

Taheri, Mercedeh, Milad Shamsi Anboohi, Mohsen Nasseri, Mostafa Bigdeli, and Abdolmajid Mohammadian. "Quantifying a Reliable Framework to Estimate Hydro-Climatic Conditions via a Three-Way Interaction between Land Surface Temperature, Evapotranspiration, Soil Moisture." Atmosphere 13, no. 11 (November 17, 2022): 1916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13111916.

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Distributed hydrological models can be suitable choices for predicting the spatial distribution of water and energy fluxes if the conceptual relationships between the components are defined appropriately. Therefore, an innovative approach has been developed using a simultaneous formulation of bulk heat transfer theory, energy budgeting, and water balance as an integrated hydrological model, i.e., the Monthly Continuous Semi-Distributed Energy Water Balance (MCSD-EWB) model, to estimate land surface hydrological components. The connection between water and energy balances is established by evapotranspiration (ET), which is a function of soil moisture and land surface temperature (LST). Thus, the developed structure is based on a three-way coupling between ET, soil moisture, and LST. The LST is obtained via the direct solution of the energy balance equation, and the spatiotemporal distribution of ET is presented using the computed LST and soil moisture through the bulk transfer method and water balance. In addition to the LST computed using the MCSD-EWB model, the LST products of ERA5-Land and MODIS are also utilized as inputs. The results indicate the adequate performance of the model in simulating LST, ET, streamflow, and groundwater level. Furthermore, the developed model performs better by employing the ERA5-Land LST than by using the MODIS LST in estimating the components.

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Libardi, Paulo Leonel, Jaedson Cláudio Anunciato Mota, Raimundo Nonato de Assis Júnior, Alexsandro dos Santos Brito, and Joaquim Amaro Filho. "Water Balance Components in Covered and Uncovered Soil Growing Irrigated Muskmelon." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 39, no. 5 (October 2015): 1322–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01000683rbcs20140713.

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ABSTRACT Knowledge of the terms (or processes) of the soil water balance equation or simply the components of the soil water balance over the cycle of an agricultural crop is essential for soil and water management. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze these components in a Cambissolo Háplico (Haplocambids) growing muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) under drip irrigation, with covered and uncovered soil, in the municipality of Baraúna, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (05º 04’ 48” S, 37º 37’ 00” W). Muskmelon, variety AF-646, was cultivated in a flat experimental area (20 × 50 m). The crop was spaced at 2.00 m between rows and 0.35 m between plants, in a total of ten 50-m-long plant rows. At points corresponding to ⅓ and ⅔ of each plant row, four tensiometers (at a distance of 0.1 m from each other) were set up at the depths of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 m, adjacent to the irrigation line (0.1 m from the plant row), between two selected plants. Five random plant rows were mulched using dry leaves of banana (Musa sp.) along the drip line, forming a 0.5-m-wide strip, which covered an area of 25 m2 per of plant row with covered soil. In the other five rows, there was no covering. Thus, the experiment consisted of two treatments, with 10 replicates, in four phenological stages: initial (7-22 DAS - days after sowing), growing (22-40 DAS), fruiting (40-58 DAS) and maturation (58-70 DAS). Rainfall was measured with a rain gauge and water storage was estimated by the trapezoidal method, based on tensiometer readings and soil water retention curves. For soil water flux densities at 0.3 m, the tensiometers at the depths of 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 m were considered; the tensiometer at 0.3 m was used to estimate soil water content from the soil water retention curve at this depth, and the other two to calculate the total potential gradient. Flux densities were calculated through use of the Darcy-Buckingham equation, with hydraulic conductivity determined by the instantaneous profile method. Crop actual evapotranspiration was calculated as the unknown of the soil water balance equation. The soil water balance method is effective in estimating the actual evapotranspiration of irrigated muskmelon; there was no significant effect of soil coverage on capillary rise, internal drainage, crop actual evapotranspiration, and muskmelon yield compared with the uncovered soil; the transport of water caused by evaporation in the uncovered soil was controlled by the break in capillarity at the soil-atmosphere interface, which caused similar water dynamics for both management practices applied.

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45

Roberts, J., and P. Rosier. "The impact of broadleaved woodland on water resources in lowland UK: I. Soil water changes below beech woodland and grass on chalk sites in Hampshire." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 9, no. 6 (December 31, 2005): 596–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-9-596-2005.

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Abstract. The possible effects of broadleaved woodland on recharge to the UK Chalk aquifer have led to a study of evaporation and transpiration from beech woodland (Black Wood) and pasture (Bridgets Farm), growing in shallow soils above chalk in Hampshire. Eddy correlation measurements of energy balance components above both the forest and the grassland enabled calculation of latent heat flux (evaporation and transpiration) as a residual. Comparative measurements of soil water content and soil water potential in 9 m profiles under both forest and grassland found changes in soil water content down to 6 m at both sites; however, the soil water potential measurements showed upward movement of water only above a depth of about 2 m. Below this depth, water continued to drain and the soil water potential measurements showed downward movement of water at both sites, notwithstanding significant negative soil water potentials in the chalk and soil above. Seasonal differences occur in the soil water content profiles under broadleaved woodland and grass. Before the woodland foliage emerges, greater drying beneath the grassland is offset in late spring and early summer by increased drying under the forest. Yet, when the change in soil water profiles is at a maximum, in late summer, the profiles below woodland and grass are very similar. A comparison of soil water balances for Black Wood and Bridgets Farm using changes in soil water contents, local rainfall and evaporation measured by the energy balance approach allowed drainage to be calculated at each site. Although seasonal differences occurred, the difference in cumulative drainage below broadleaved woodland and grass was small.

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Garnier, E., A. Berger, and S. Rambal. "Water balance and pattern of soil water uptake in a peach orchard." Agricultural Water Management 11, no. 2 (April 1986): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3774(86)90027-2.

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47

Moroizumi, Toshitsugu, Hiromasa Hamada, Somsak Sukchan, and Masahiro Ikemoto. "Soil water content and water balance in rainfed fields in Northeast Thailand." Agricultural Water Management 96, no. 1 (January 2009): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2008.07.007.

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48

KRISHNAN, A., EN BLAGOVESCHENSKY, and P. RAKHECHA. "Water balance of Prosopis spicigera community." MAUSAM 19, no. 2 (May 2, 2022): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v19i2.5234.

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An experiment on water balance of Prosopis spicigera community was conducted at the research farm of the Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur. The experimental site is a typical habitat of the community with sandy to sandy loam Boll. Chrono Isopleths were drawn for the soil moisture observations taken during 1963 and 1964 and the water content in mm for every 50-cm layer from surface to 2-metre depth have been presented. Seasonal soil moisture changes occurring till the onset of monsoon, during monsoon and after monsoon have been discussed. Various water balance components such as evapotranspiration and run-off etc have been presented for different periods in the growing season of the vegetation, The evapo-transpiration of the community in the sandy soils of Rajasthan during the months other than the monsoon months i3 surprisingly low, Prosopis spiciyera trees extract moisture not only from a very wide area but also take the same from the layers below the kankar zone usually at 1 to 2-metre depth below which their roots penetrate. The role of condensation of water in vapour phase for the arid zone communities has been indicated.

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49

Schaffitel, Axel, Tobias Schuetz, and Markus Weiler. "Fluxes from soil moisture measurements (FluSM v1.0): a data-driven water balance framework for permeable pavements." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 4 (April 23, 2021): 2127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-2127-2021.

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Abstract. Water fluxes at the soil–atmosphere interface are a key piece of information for studying the terrestrial water cycle. However, measuring and modeling water fluxes in the vadose zone poses great challenges. While direct measurements require costly lysimeters, common soil hydrologic models rely on a correct parametrization, a correct representation of the involved processes, and the selection of correct initial and boundary conditions. In contrast to lysimeter measurements, soil moisture measurements are relatively cheap and easy to perform. Using such measurements, data-driven approaches offer the possibility to derive water fluxes directly. Here we present FluSM (fluxes from soil moisture measurements), which is a simple, parsimonious and robust data-driven water balancing framework. FluSM requires only a single input parameter (the infiltration rate) and is especially valuable for cases where the application of Richards-based models is critical. Since permeable pavements (PPs) present such a case, we apply FluSM on a recently published soil moisture data set to obtain the water balance of 15 different PPs over a period of 2 years. Consistent with findings from previous studies, our results show that vertical drainage dominates the water balance of PPs, while surface runoff plays only a minor role. An additional uncertainty analysis demonstrates the ability of the FluSM-approach for water balance studies, since input and parameter uncertainties only have a small effect on the characteristics of the derived water balances. Due to the lack of data on the hydrologic behavior of PPs under field conditions, our results are of special interest for urban hydrology.

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Prévost, Marcel, Jean Stein, and André P. Plamondon. "Water balance and irrigation planning in a forest tree nursery." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 575–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x89-090.

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A soil water budget was established to estimate the water loss from the 0- to 60-cm layer as a result of evapotranspiration in a forest tree nursery. Estimated evapotranspiration totaled 69% of potential evapotranspiration (as estimated by the Penman equation) for 36 selected periods from May 15 to July 30, 1975. The root zone (0- to 15-cm layer) supplied 58% of the total evapotranspired water from the soil profile. Evapotranspiration from this layer was found to be a good predictor of total water loss. Evapotranspiration from the root zone, expressed as a percentage of potential evapotranspiration, was related to soil water tension at 3 cm depth. This relationship, combined with a knowledge of soil hydrodynamic properties, can be used to estimate evapotranspiration from the 0- to 60-cm soil profile, which in turn can be used to predict irrigation needs. For practical purposes, a relationship using net radiation instead of potential evapotranspiration can also be used. Depending on the available information, either of these two relationships may be used for irrigation planning.

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