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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Soil variables

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Academic literature on the topic 'Soil variables'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Soil variables"

1

Zádorová, T., D. Žížala, V. Penížek, and Š. Čejková. "Relating extent of colluvial soils to topographic derivatives and soil variables in a Luvisol sub-catchment, Central Bohemia, Czech Republic." Soil and Water Research 9, No. 2 (April 25, 2014): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/57/2013-swr.

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Colluvial soils, resulting from accelerated soil erosion, represent a significant part of the soil cover pattern in agricultural landscapes. Their specific terrain position makes it possible to map them using geostatistics and digital terrain modelling. A study of the relationship between colluvial soil extent and terrain and soil variables was performed at a morphologically diverse study site in a Luvisol soil region in Central Bohemia. Assessment of the specificity of the colluviation process with regard to profile characteristics of Luvisols was another goal of the study. A detailed field survey, statistical analyses, and detailed digital elevation model processing were the main methods utilized in the study. Statistical analysis showed a strong relationship between the occurrence of colluvial soil, various topographic derivatives, and soil organic carbon content. A multiple range test proved that four topographic derivatives significantly distinguish colluvial soil from other soil units and can be then used for colluvial soil delineation. Topographic wetness index was evaluated as the most appropriate terrain predictor. Soil organic carbon content was significantly correlated with five topographic derivatives, most strongly with topographic wetness index (TWI) and plan curvature. Redistribution of the soil material at the study site is intensive but not as significant as in loess regions covered by Chernozem. Soil mass transport is limited mainly to the A horizon; an argic horizon is truncated only at the steepest parts of the slope.

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Dotto, Andre Carnieletto, Jose A. M. Demattê, Raphael A. Viscarra Rossel, and Rodnei Rizzo. "Soil environment grouping system based on spectral, climate, and terrain data: a quantitative branch of soil series." SOIL 6, no. 1 (May 12, 2020): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-6-163-2020.

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Abstract. Soil classification has traditionally been developed by combining the interpretation of taxonomic rules that are related to soil information with the pedologist's tacit knowledge. Hence, a more quantitative approach is necessary to characterize soils with less subjectivity. The objective of this study was to develop a soil grouping system based on spectral, climate, and terrain variables with the aim of establishing a quantitative way of classifying soils. Spectral data were utilized to obtain information about the soil, and this information was complemented by climate and terrain variables in order to simulate the pedologist knowledge of soil–environment interactions. We used a data set of 2287 soil profiles from five Brazilian regions. The soil classes of World Reference Base (WRB) system were predicted using the three above-mentioned variables, and the results showed that they were able to correctly classify the soils with an overall accuracy of 88 %. To derive the new system, we applied the spectral, climatic, and terrain variables, which – using cluster analysis – defined eight groups; thus, these groups were not generated by the traditional taxonomic method but instead by grouping areas with similar characteristics expressed by the variables indicated. They were denominated as “soil environment groupings” (SEGs). The SEG system facilitated the identification of groups with equivalent characteristics using not only soil but also environmental variables for their distinction. Finally, the conceptual characteristics of the eight SEGs were described. The new system has been designed to incorporate applicable soil data for agricultural management, to require less interference from personal/subjective/empirical knowledge (which is an issue in traditional taxonomic systems), and to provide more reliable automated measurements using sensors.

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Sheng, Daichao, Delwyn G. Fredlund, and Antonio Gens. "A new modelling approach for unsaturated soils using independent stress variables." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 45, no. 4 (April 2008): 511–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t07-112.

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Although a number of constitutive models for unsaturated soils exist in the literature, some fundamental questions have not been fully answered. There are questions related to (i) the change of the yield stress with soil suction, (ii) modelling slurry soils, and (iii) the smooth transition between saturated and unsaturated soil states. This paper addresses these questions by proposing an alternative modelling approach. The paper first presents a volumetric model for unsaturated soils. This volumetric model is then used to derive the yield surface in the suction – mean stress space. Hysteresis associated with soil-water characteristic curves is then formulated in the same framework of elastoplasticity. It is shown that volume collapse during wetting and plastic shrinkage during initial drying are both direct results of a suction-dependent hardening law. The proposed model seems to be more flexible in modelling different types of unsaturated soils than most models in the literature. The model can be applied to soils that are dried or loaded from initially slurry conditions, for soils that have low to high air-entry values, and for compacted soils as well.

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Sultanov, Karim, Pavel Loginov, Sabida Ismoilova, and Zulfiya Salikhova. "Variable moduli of soil strain." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 04013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199704013.

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The experimental diagrams between stress and strain components for soft soils are non-linear. Nonlinear diagrams qualitatively differ for soils of undisturbed and disturbed structures. It is believed that the manifestations of nonlinear properties of soil are associated with micro-destruction of soil structure under compression and, therefore, with changes in its mechanical characteristics under strain. It follows that the modulus of elasticity, Poisson’s ratio, viscosity and other mechanical parameters are the variables in the process of soil strain. Based on this, from the experimental results given in scientific literature, the changes in the modulus of elasticity and plasticity of soil are determined depending on the values of compression strain. In the process of static and dynamic compression of soil it is almost impossible to determine the boundaries of elastic and plastic strains in soft soil. So, the modulus under soil compression is called the strain modulus. From published results of experiments on dynamic and static compression of soil the most informative ones have been selected. Processing the selected compression diagrams of soft soil, the secant moduli of strain for loess soil and clay have been determined. It is established that the moduli of strain of clay and loess soil under static and dynamic strain vary depending on the rate of strain, the state of the structure and the level of compressive load.

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Riwandi and Merakati Handajaningsih. "Relationship between Soil Health Assessment and the Growth of Lettuce." Journal of Tropical Soils 16, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2011.v16i1.25-32.

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Soil health is very important point for plant growth which is measured by several indicators. The purposes of the research were to assess and to classify soil health Padang Betuah area of Bengkulu, and to compare between soil health indicators and lettuce plant performance indicators. Soils, consist of mineral and peat soils, were sampled using a soil random sampling technique. Lettuce plants were grown in polybags using sample soils. Both lettuce performance and soil health were assessed by calculating the percentage of total scores of lettuce plant or soil performance indicators which derived from variables observed. Soil variables for field evaluation included color, moisture content, texture, structure, compaction, land slope, organic matter, pH, amount of earthworm, erosion level, LCC (Legume Cover Crop), and vegetation performance. Soil variables for laboratory evaluation were pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total Carbon and Nitrogen, available-Posphorus, cation exchangeable capacity, basesaturation, and aluminum saturation. While, the variables for lettuce growth performance included plant height, numbers of leaf, degree of leaf greenness, plant fresh weight, and relative percentage of shoot : root ratio. The results of field and laboratory evaluation showed that soil health were categoried as a healthy soil and moderate healthy soil both for mineral and peat soils, respectively. Furthermore, similar categories were also obtained for evaluation of plant performance categories. No correlation was found between the soil performance indicatorcategory and the lettuce performance category.Keywords: Field indicator, laboratory indicator, lettuce growth indicator, soil health

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Valpassos, Maria Alexandra Reis, Kátia Luciene Maltoni, Ana Maria Rodrigues Cassiolato, and Ely Nahas. "Recovery of soil microbiological properties in a degraded area planted with Corymbia citriodora and Leucaena leucocephala." Scientia Agricola 64, no. 1 (February 2007): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162007000100010.

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The influence of reforestation was evaluated during two season periods (February and October) in sites planted with Corymbia citriodora and Leucaena_leucocephala through microorganism counts (bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and nitrite oxidizers) and microbial activity (respiratory and urease activities). An Atlantic forest and a bare soil site were used as controls. The general trends of the variables in the different soils were: Atlantic forest or L. leucocephala > C. citriodora > bare soil. The microbial populations in L. leucocephala and C. citriodora soils were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that found in the bare soil. Similar results were obtained for respiratory and urease activities. The microbiological variables of the soil under L. leucocephala were comparable or even superior to that found under Atlantic forest. An improvement in the microbiological soil variables was observed in the soil under C. citriodora when compared to the soil without vegetation. These results can be attributed to an increasing amount of total organic C of the soils under L. leucocephala and C. citriodora in relation to the soil without vegetation. Although most results obtained in February presented higher values than in October, the sampling period did not have a consistent controlling influence on these variables.

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Börling, Katarina, Erasmus Otabbong, and Elisabetta Barberis. "Soil Variables for Predicting Potential Phosphorus Release in Swedish Noncalcareous Soils." Journal of Environment Quality 33, no. 1 (2004): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.0099.

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Börling, Katarina, Erasmus Otabbong, and Elisabetta Barberis. "Soil Variables for Predicting Potential Phosphorus Release in Swedish Noncalcareous Soils." Journal of Environmental Quality 33, no. 1 (January 2004): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.9900.

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Gambill, Daniel R., Wade A. Wall, Andrew J. Fulton, and Heidi R. Howard. "Predicting USCS soil classification from soil property variables using Random Forest." Journal of Terramechanics 65 (June 2016): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jterra.2016.03.006.

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Barbosa-Moreno, Finlandia, Ignacio Sánchez Cohen, Gabriel Díaz Padilla, Rafael Alberto Guajardo Panes, and Rafael Rodríguez Hernández. "EQUATIONS BETWEEN CHEMICAL SOIL VARIABLES AND HYDRAULICCONDUCTIVITY AT SATURATION." Revista Chapingo Serie Zonas Áridas XII, no. 2 (December 2013): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5154/r.rchsza.2012.06.011.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Soil variables"

1

Huang, Xuewen. "Analysis of effects of soil properties, topographical variables and management practices on spatial-temporal variability of crop yields." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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2

Macdonald, J. A. "Soil and environmental variables affecting the land-atmosphere exchange of methane." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.654211.

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Rates of methane (CH₄) oxidation (-) and emission were measured from a range of soil types and land uses to investigate the soil and environmental variables which affected the land-atmosphere exchange of CH₄. The influence of soil characteristics, land use, inputs of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) and temporal variations in soil water content and temperature on CH₄ flux were examined in the field using a static chamber technique, and in the laboratory using soil cores. The flux of CH₄ was measured from a range of sites in the UK, Cameroon and Borneo, including temperate and tropical forest, agricultural land, moorland and blanket bog. In mineral soils, rates of CH₄ oxidation ranged from a maximum uptake of -27.2 ng m^-2 s^-1 in an undisturbed forest in Cameroon, to a small net emission of 0.8 ng m^-2 s^-1 from an agricultural field in Scotland. In peats, soil water content controlled the magnitude and direction of flux within sites by affecting the degree of anaerobicity of the peat and hence the depth of the CH₄ oxidising layer. Other factors such as peat depth and substrate quality influenced inter-site variability. The contribution of CH₄ produced by termites to the CH₄ budget was investigated in undisturbed and disturbed forests in Cameroon and Borneo. In summary, rates of CH₄ oxidation from mineral soils were low and covered a small range relative to CH₄ emission rates from peat. Rates of CH₄ oxidation were significantly inhibited by anthropogenic disturbance such as deforestation, conversion to agriculture, and inputs of N. Spatial variability was controlled by the bulk density of the soil, both in temperate and tropical climates, demonstrating the importance of the gaseous diffusion status of the soil and the secondary role of temperature in regulating oxidation rates. Seasonal variability affected both CH₄ emission and oxidation rates. The relative influence of soil water content and temperature on the CH₄ flux varied between sites and was dependent on the soil type.

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3

Baban, Serwan M. J. "The derivations of hydrological variables (including soil moisture) from satellite imagery." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292298.

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4

Kichler, Corey Mitchell Zech Wesley C. "Assessment of equipment performance variables for improved management during tillage operations." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Civil_Engineering/Thesis/Kichler_Corey_32.pdf.

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5

Al-Ghanem, Abdulhakim M. F. "AN EVALUATION OF SELECTED TEST VARIABLES ON STRAIN RATE FOR DRAINED TRIAXIAL TESTING ON TAILINGS MATERIALS (SOIL MECHANICS)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275399.

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6

Roberts, Philip Andrew 1962. "The effects of system variables on soil-vapor extraction of benzene and p-xylene in an unsaturated desert soil." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278316.

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Water-unsaturated column experiments using benzene and p-xylene were performed with a desert soil sample (fc = 0.001) to simulate the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOC) by soil-vapor extraction. Higher flow rates of air were found to facilitate quicker VOC removal but lower flow rates were more efficient. Initial concentrations had no effect on the rate of VOC removal. Sorption of both compounds by the solid phase at 18 and 10 percent wetness was similar to that reported for saturated systems. At these moisture contents, Kp the for benzene averaged 0.03 cm 3/g and that for p-xylene averaged 0.61 cm 3/g. At the driest soil condition, higher than predicted sorption of benzene (Kp = 0.12 cm3/g) is attributed to VOC sorption on dry mineral sites. Mechanisms that limited transport of both compounds are assumed to be intra-aggregate aqueous diffusion and desorption. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)

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7

Jian, Jinshi. "Global soil respiration: interaction with macroscale environmental variables and response to climate change." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/92195.

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The response of global soil respiration (Rs) to climate change determines how long the land can continue acting as a carbon sink in the future. This dissertation research identifies how temporal and spatial variation in environmental factors affects global scale Rs modeling and predictions of future Rs under global warming. Chapter 1 describes the recommend time range for measuring Rs across differing climates, biomes, and seasons and found that the best time for measuring the daily mean Rs is 10:00 am in almost all climates and biomes. Chapter 2 describes commonly used surrogates in Rs modeling and shows that air temperature and soil temperature are highly correlated and that they explain similar amounts of Rs variation; however, average monthly precipitation between 1961 and 2014, rather than monthly precipitation for a specific year, is a better predictor in global Rs modeling. Chapter 3 quantifies the uncertainty generated by four different assumptions of global Rs models. Results demonstrate that the time-scale of the data, among other sources, creates a substantial difference in global estimates, where the estimate of global annual Rs based on monthly Rs data (70.85 to 80.99 Pg C yr-1) is substantially lower than the current benchmark for land models (98 Pg C yr-1). Chapter 4 simulates future global Rs rates based on two temperature scenarios and demonstrates that temperature sensitivity of Rs will decline in warm climates where the level of global warming will reach 3°C by 2100 relative to current air temperature; however, these regional decelerations will be offset by large Rs accelerations in the boreal and polar regions. Chapter 5 compares CO2 fluxes from turfgrass and wooded areas of five parks in Blacksburg, VA and tests the ability of the Denitrification-Decomposition model to estimate soil temperature, moisture and CO2 flux across the seasons. Cumulatively, this work provides new insights into the current and future spatial and temporal heterogeneity of Rs and its relationship with environmental factors, as well as key insights in upscaling methodology that will help to constrain global Rs estimates and predict how global Rs will respond to global warming in the future.
Ph. D.

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8

Korre, Anna. "A methodology for the statistical and spatial analysis of soil contamination in GIS." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266111.

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9

Templeton, Benjamin Sean. "Environmental And Stand Variables Influencing Soil CO2 Efflux Across The Managed Range Of Loblolly Pine." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31529.

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Managed loblolly pine forests comprise an important pool in the global carbon cycle. Understanding the influences upon inputs and outputs of this pool, including the effects of management activities, will allow landowners to understand how carbon can be sequestered in their stands. Specific to this study, we sought to create multivariate models of the output of carbon from the soil in the form of soil CO2 efflux (Rs) and a component of that total efflux, heterotrophic respiration index (Rh), from data collected across the managed range of loblolly pine in the Southeastern U.S. We also performed tests of significance on controlled subsets of these data for the effects of fertilization and of thinning. Finally, we sought a connection between stand leaf area index (LAI) and total soil CO2 efflux or heterotrophic respiration. Our models indicated variability in both Rs and Rh across latitude and physiographic province, respectively, within this range. The Rs (R2 = 0.56) model included temperature, latitude, a soil moisture by temperature effect, soil nitrogen, and bulk density variables. The Rh (R2 = 0.50) model included soil moisture, a temperature by moisture interaction, and physiographic province. Rs was not significantly affected by either fertilization or thinning, yet Rh was influenced by both (negatively and positively, respectively). This indicates a shift in relative contributions of heterotrophic respiration and root respiration components to Rs in response to these treatments. Heterotrophic respiration was shown to have a weak negative response (R2 = 0.04) to increasing stand LAI.
Master of Science

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10

Hammer, Rachel Lynn. "Soil Respiration and Related Abiotic and Remotely Sensed Variables in Different Overstories and Understories in a High Elevation Southern Appalachian Forest." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93272.

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Forests have the ability to sequester carbon from our atmosphere. Soil respiration (Rs) plays a role in a forest's ability to do so as it is a significant source of carbon dioxide back to the atmosphere. Therefore, understanding the process of Rs under varying conditions is gaining more attention. As of now we have a relatively good understanding of Rs under managed forest ecosystems such as pine plantations. This particular study examined Rs under different overstories and understories in a high elevation Southern Appalachian forest in order to get a better understanding of Rs under a natural hardwood system. The four vegetation types under consideration were an eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis L. Carriere) dominated overstory, a hardwood overstory with little to no understory, a mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia L.) dominated understory, and a cinnamon fern (Osmundastrum cinnamomeum (L.) C.Presl) dominated understory. Differing temporal variations of Rs were observed under the vegetation types. We found monthly differences in rates among vegetation type however, an overall annual difference in Rs rates between vegetation types was not observed. This simply indicates the importance of observing Rs under different time scales to get a better understanding of its variation. We also calculated vegetation indices from remotely-sensed data to explore any relationships to Rs as well as if the indices themselves could improve out model. A vegetation index is a number that is calculated for every pixel in a remotely sensed image and represents plant vigor or abundance. Few significant relationships were found between the indices and Rs. Future work may want to better understand vegetation indices' spatial extent and accuracy in order to find whether they may be beneficial in Rs estimation. Understanding the influence of varying vegetation type and soil temperature and moisture on Rs will ultimately improve our ability to predict what drives changes in carbon fluxes.
Master of Science
Forests have the ability to sequester carbon from our atmosphere. Soil respiration (Rs) plays a role in a forest’s ability to do so as it is a significant source of carbon dioxide back to the atmosphere. Therefore, understanding the process of Rs under varying conditions is gaining more attention. As of now we have a relatively good understanding of Rs under managed forest ecosystems such as pine plantations. This particular study examined Rs under different overstories and understories in a high elevation Southern Appalachian forest in order to get a better understanding of Rs under a natural hardwood system. The four vegetation types under consideration were an eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis L. Carriere) dominated overstory, a hardwood overstory with little to no understory, a mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia L.) dominated understory, and a cinnamon fern (Osmundastrum cinnamomeum (L.) C.Presl) dominated understory. Differing temporal variations of Rs were observed under the vegetation types. We found monthly differences in rates among vegetation type however, an overall annual difference in Rs rates between vegetation types was not observed. This simply indicates the importance of observing Rs under different time scales to get a better understanding of its variation. We also calculated vegetation indices from remotely-sensed data to explore any relationships to Rs as well as if the indices themselves could improve out model. A vegetation index is a number that is calculated for every pixel in a remotely sensed image and represents plant vigor or abundance. Few significant relationships were found between the indices and Rs. Future work may want to better understand vegetation indices’ spatial extent and accuracy in order to find whether they may be beneficial in Rs estimation. Understanding the influence of varying vegetation type and soil temperature and moisture on Rs will ultimately improve our ability to predict what drives changes in carbon fluxes.

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Books on the topic "Soil variables"

1

Baban, Serwan M. J. The derivations of hydrological variables (including soil moisture) from satelliteimagery. Norwich: University of East Anglia, 1991.

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2

Sukop, Michael. Retention of pesticides by alluvial soils in western Washington: Experimental variables, relation to soil properties, and spatial variability. Pullman, Wash: State of Washington Water Research Center, Washington State University and the University of Washington, 1989.

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Hansen, S. Spatial variability of soil physical properties: Theoretical and experimental analyses : II. Soil water variables--data acquisition, processing and basic statistics. Copenhagen: Dept. of Soil and Water and Plant Nutrition, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 1988.

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Barrow, N. J. Reactions with variable-charge soils. Dordrecht: M. Nijhoff, 1987.

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Barrow, N. J. Reactions with Variable-Charge Soils. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3667-6.

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Soil biological variables in environmental hazard assessment: Organization an research programme. Solna: National Swedish Environmental Protection Board, 1989.

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Sukop, Michael. Retention and transport of contaminants in soils: Experimental variables, relation to soil properties, and spatial variability. 1989.

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1930-, Jenne Everett A., ed. Adsorption of metals by geomedia: Variables, mechanisms, and model applications. San Diego: Academic Press, 1998.

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Yu, T. R., ed. Chemistry of Variable Charge Soils. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195097450.001.0001.

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This book, based on research carried out at the Academia Sinica over the past 30 years, explains the basic difference between the variable charge soils of tropical and subtropical regions, and the constant charge soils of temperate regions. It will focus on the chemical properties of the variable charge soils--properties which have important bearing on soil management practices, including maximizing soil productivity and combating soil pollution.

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L, Ryder Jean, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Meteorological variables and concentrations of helium, carbon dioxide, and oxygen in soil gases collected regularly at a single site for more than a year. Denver, CO: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Soil variables"

1

Jeffrey, David W. "Experimental approaches to the study of soil variables." In Soil~Plant Relationships, 161–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6076-6_12.

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Stein, A. "Modelling Spatial Variability of Soil Pollution Variables with Geostatistics for Environmental Purposes." In Soil & Environment, 431–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2008-1_90.

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Jetten, Victor, Ad de Roo, and Jerome Guérif. "Sensitivity of the Model LISEM to Variables Related to Agriculture." In Modelling Soil Erosion by Water, 339–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58913-3_25.

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Scheuermann, Alexander, Thierry Bore, Partha Narayan Mishra, Habibullah Bhuyan, Guanxi Yan, Tilman Bittner, and Rolf Becker. "Quantification of Soil State Variables Using Electromagnetic Methods." In Developments in Geotechnical Engineering, 447–56. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7721-0_28.

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Brun, T., and C. Lopez. "Some Applications of Regionalized Variables Theory to Soil Sampling Problems." In Sampling Problems for the Chemical Analysis of Sludge, Soils and Plants, 55–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-8111-2_8.

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Rianna, Guido, Luca Pagano, and Gianfranco Urciuoli. "A Physical Model to Investigate the Influence of Atmospheric Variables on Soil Suction in Pyroclastic Soils." In Unsaturated Soils: Research and Applications, 221–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31343-1_28.

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Johari, Ali, Akbar Javadi, and Farzan Zerangsani. "Reliability Assessment of Unsaturated Soil Shear Strength Using the Jointly Distributed Random Variables Method." In Unsaturated Soils: Research and Applications, 197–205. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31343-1_25.

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Pasini, Antonello, Roberto Salzano, and Alessandro Attanasio. "Modeling Radon Behavior for Characterizing and Forecasting Geophysical Variables at the Atmosphere–Soil Interface." In Recent Trends in Modelling of Environmental Contaminants, 213–37. New Delhi: Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1783-1_9.

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Barrow, N. J. "Applying models to soil." In Reactions with Variable-Charge Soils, 156–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3667-6_14.

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Zhou, Annan, Shengshen Wu, and Jie Li. "A Constitutive Model for Unsaturated Soils Using Degree of Capillary Saturation and Effective Interparticle Stress as Constitutive Variables." In Proceedings of GeoShanghai 2018 International Conference: Multi-physics Processes in Soil Mechanics and Advances in Geotechnical Testing, 79–86. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0095-0_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Soil variables"

1

Vela´zquez, J. C., F. Caleyo, A. Valor, J. M. Hallen, J. H. Espina-Herna´ndez, and A. Lo´pez-Montenegro. "Statistical Modeling of Pitting Corrosion in Buried Pipelines Taking Into Account Soil Properties." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64140.

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Small leaks caused by external pitting corrosion are the leading cause of failure in oil and gas pipelines in many regions of Mexico. Because of this, the need for realistic and reliable pitting corrosion growth models that are capable of accounting for the chemical and physical properties of soils and pipeline coatings is especially great. In this work, maximum pit depths and soil and coating data that were gathered at excavation sites across southern Mexico are used to investigate the impact of soil and pipe characteristics on pitting corrosion in buried pipelines. Soil field-measurements included resistivity, pH, pipe-to-soil potential, humidity, chloride, bicarbonate and sulphate levels, redox potential, soil texture and coating type. Together with the local physical chemistry of the soil and the coating characteristics, the maximum pit depth and pipeline’s age were recorded at more than 250 dig sites. The time dependence of the maximum pit depth was modeled as ymax = β(t−t0)α, with β and α being positive constants, t being the pipe’s age and t0 the pit initiation time. A multivariate regression analysis was conducted with ymax as the dependent variable, while the pipeline’ age and the soil and pipe properties were used as the independent variables. The optimal dependence of β and α on these variables was found and predictive models were proposed to describe the time dependence of the average maximum pit depth and growth rate on soil and pipe properties. Besides the creation of a generic model fitted to all the gathered data, a model was proposed for each one of the three soil types identified in this study: clay, clay-loam and sandy-clay-loam. It is shown that the application of the proposed model allows for prediction of corrosion pit growth more accurately than previous models and that this improvement positively impacts on integrity management plans that address the threat posed by external pitting corrosion.

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Du, Jinyang, Thomas J. Jackson, Rajat Bindlish, M. H. Cosh, and Li Li. "WindSat passive microwave polarimetric observations of soil moisture and land variables." In Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by James J. Butler and Jack Xiong. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.730684.

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Shi, Wenjiao, Tianxiang Yue, and Zong Wang. "High accuracy surface modeling method combined with auxiliary variables for soil mapping." In 2017 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2017.8128397.

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Lohan, John, Niall Burke, and Michael Greene. "Climate Variables That Influence the Thermal Performance of Horizontal Collector Ground Source Heat Pumps." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95589.

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The performance characteristics of new heat pumps are usually evaluated under standard test conditions in certified test laboratories prior to their market release. While this data allows potential customers an opportunity to compare different heat pumps under the same conditions it is difficult to assess how variations in operating conditions, particularly around horizontally oriented ground collectors impact on heat pump Coefficient Of Performance (COP). Indeed, harsh winter conditions of continental climates dictate that horizontal collectors are buried sufficiently deep enough to operate in a thermally stable environment, independent of the weather, but this is not as critical in milder maritime climates and shallower collectors that may be influenced by climate are used. This review paper therefore seeks to identify the key climate variables that have been shown to influence the efficiency of horizontal collector heat pump systems. The literature highlights the significant impact of soil moisture content on COP, but the extended relationship between climate, moisture content and COP has not been established. Historical climate data from both a continental and maritime climate is presented and key aspects of their respective weather patterns are compared to assess their capacity to influence soil condition and COP. A series of empirical models linking changes in soil moisture content to fluctuations in soil thermal conductivity, diffusivity and resistance are also presented so that the impact of climate on soil thermal energy content and heat transfer characteristics might be assessed. However, since no one study has experimentally determined the complex relationship between climate, soil heat transfer characteristics and heat pump performance, this paper concludes with an overview of an experimental test facility that allows this relationship to be established for horizontal collector heat pumps in maritime climates.

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Rucker, Gregory G. "Estimating Fate and Transport of Multiple Contaminants in the Vadose Zone Using a Multi-Layered Soil Column and Three-Phase Equilibrium Partitioning Model." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7150.

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Soils at waste sites must be evaluated for the potential of residual soil contamination to leach and migrate to the groundwater beneath the disposal area. If migration to the aquifer occurs, contaminants can travel vast distances and pollute drinking water wells, thus exposing human receptors to harmful levels of toxins and carcinogens. To prevent groundwater contamination, a contaminant fate and transport analysis is necessary to assess the migration potential of residual soil contaminants. This type of migration analysis is usually performed using a vadose zone model to account for complex geotechnical and chemical variables including: decay processes, infiltration rate, soil properties, vadose zone thickness, and chemical behavior. The distinct advantage of using a complex model is that less restrictive, but still protective, soil threshold levels may be determined avoiding the unnecessary and costly remediation of marginally contaminated soils. However, the disadvantage of such modeling is the additional cost for data collection and labor required to apply these models. In order to allay these higher costs and to achieve a less restrictive but still protective clean-up level, a multiple contaminant and multi layered soil column equilibrium partitioning model was developed which is faster, simpler and less expensive to use.

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López, Fabián Rolando Jiménez, and Andrés Jiménez López. "Field variables monitoring in real time (GPS, soil moisture, temperature) with precision farming applications." In the 6th Euro American Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2261605.2261618.

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Moulin, Michel. "Implementation of the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity Variables by the Space SMOS Mission." In 54th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-03-b.2.09.

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Caleyo, F., J. C. Vela´zquez, J. M. Hallen, J. E. Araujo, and E. Perez-Baruch. "On the Probabilistic Distribution of External Pitting Corrosion Rate in Buried Pipelines." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64402.

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External pitting corrosion constitutes the degradation mechanism responsible for about 66% of the incidents reported in the last decade for oil and gas pipelines in Mexico. Thus, major efforts are underway to improve the characterization and modeling of pitting corrosion of buried pipelines. Special attention is devoted to estimate the average corrosion rate and corrosion rate variance because they are the key parameters in the estimation of the trend in pipeline reliability. This work presents the results of field and simulation studies in which soil and pipe data were gathered together with the maximum depth of external corrosion pits found at more than 250 excavation sites across southern Mexico. The distributions of parameters such as chloride, bicarbonate and sulfate levels, resistivity, pH, pipe/soil potential, humidity, redox potential, soil texture and coating type have been used to predict the distribution of pitting corrosion rate of pipelines in contact with clay, clay-loam and sandy-clay-loam soils. The time dependence of the pitting corrosion rate was fitted to a power law through a multivariate regression analysis with the maximum pit depth as the dependent variable and the pipeline age and the soil and coating properties as the independent variables. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted in which random values drawn from the distributions fitted to the field data were used to evaluate the power law model proposed for the corrosion rate. For each soil type, the distribution that best fitted the corrosion rate data was found. The results of this study will provide reliability analysts with a more accurate description of the growth rate of external corrosion pits. It is expected that this information will positively impact on integrity management plans addressing the threat posed by this damage mechanism.

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Dabrowska-Zielinska, Katarzyna, Yoshio Inoue, Wanda Kowalik, and Maryla Gruszczynska. "Comparative studies on combination of optical and SAR signatures in estimation of plant and soil variables." In International Symposium on Remote Sensing, edited by Manfred Owe and Guido D'Urso. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.454200.

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Tsurumaki, Shizuo, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Akira Tateishi, Kenichi Horikoshi, and Shunichi Suzuki. "Evaluation of Dynamic Behavior of Pile Foundations for Interim Storage Facilities Through Geotechnical Centrifuge Tests." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22505.

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In Japan, there is a possibility that interim storage facilities for recycled nuclear fuel resources may be constructed on quaternary layers, rather than on hard rock. In such a case, the storage facilities need to be supported by pile foundations or spread foundations to meet the required safety level. The authors have conducted a series of experimental studies on the dynamic behavior of storage facilities supported by pile foundations. A centrifuge modeling technique was used to satisfy the required similitude between the reduced size model and the prototype. The centrifuge allows a high confining stress level equivalent to prototype deep soils to be generated (which is considered necessary for examining complex pile-soil interactions) as the soil strength and the deformation are highly dependent on the confining stress. The soil conditions were set at as experimental variables, and the results are compared. Since 2000, the Nuclear Power Engineering Corporation (NUPEC) has been conducting these research tests under the auspices on the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan.

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Reports on the topic "Soil variables"

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Workman, Austin, and Jay Clausen. Meteorological property and temporal variable effect on spatial semivariance of infrared thermography of soil surfaces for detection of foreign objects. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41024.

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The environmental phenomenological properties responsible for the thermal variability evident in the use of thermal infrared (IR) sensor systems is not well understood. The research objective of this work is to understand the environmental and climatological properties contributing to the temporal and spatial thermal variance of soils. We recorded thermal images of surface temperature of soil as well as several meteorological properties such as weather condition and solar irradiance of loamy soil located at the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Lab (CRREL) facility. We assessed sensor performance by analyzing how recorded meteorological properties affected the spatial structure by observing statistical differences in spatial autocorrelation and dependence parameter estimates.

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Shillito, Rose, Markus Berli, and Teamrat Ghezzehei. Quantifying the effect of subcritical water repellency on sorptivity : a physically based model. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41054.

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Soil water wettability or water repellency is a phenomenon that can affect infiltration and, ultimately, runoff. Thus, there is a need to develop a model that can quantitatively capture the influence of water repellency on infiltration in a physically meaningful way and within the framework of existing infiltration theory. The analytical model developed in this study relates soil sorptivity (an infiltration parameter) with contact angle (a direct measure of water repellency) for variably saturated media. The model was validated with laboratory experiments using a silica sand of known properties treated to produce controlled degrees of water repellency. The measured contact angle and sorptivity values closely matched the model‐predicted values. Further, the relationship between the frequently used water drop penetration time test (used to assess water repellency) and sorptivity was illustrated. Finally, the direct impact of water repellency on saturated hydraulic conductivity was investigated due to its role in infiltration equations and to shed light on inconsistent field observations. It was found that water repellency had minimal effect on the saturated hydraulic conductivity of structureless sand. A quantitative model for infiltration incorporating the effect of water repellency is particularly important for post‐fire hydrologic modeling of burned areas exhibiting water repellent soils.

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Ziegler, Nancy, Nicholas Webb, Adrian Chappell, and Sandra LeGrand. Scale invariance of albedo-based wind friction velocity. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40499.

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Obtaining reliable estimates of aerodynamic roughness is necessary to interpret and accurately predict aeolian sediment transport dynamics. However, inherent uncertainties in field measurements and models of surface aerodynamic properties continue to undermine aeolian research, monitoring, and dust modeling. A new relation between aerodynamic shelter and land surface shadow has been established at the wind tunnel scale, enabling the potential for estimates of wind erosion and dust emission to be obtained across scales from albedo data. Here, we compare estimates of wind friction velocity (u*) derived from traditional methods (wind speed profiles) with those derived from the albedo model at two separate scales using bare soil patch (via net radiometers) and landscape (via MODIS 500 m) datasets. Results show that profile-derived estimates of u* are highly variable in anisotropic surface roughness due to changes in wind direction and fetch. Wind speed profiles poorly estimate soil surface (bed) wind friction velocities necessary for aeolian sediment transport research and modeling. Albedo-based estimates of u* at both scales have small variability because the estimate is integrated over a defined, fixed area and resolves the partition of wind momentum be-tween roughness elements and the soil surface. We demonstrate that the wind tunnel-based calibration of albedo for predicting wind friction velocities at the soil surface (us*) is applicable across scales. The albedo-based approach enables consistent and reliable drag partition correction across scales for model and field estimates of us* necessary for wind erosion and dust emission modeling.

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Domec, Jean-Christophe, Sari Palmroth, Ram Oren, Jennifer Swenson, John S. King, and Asko Noormets. Quantifying the effect of nighttime interactions between roots and canopy physiology and their control of water and carbon cycling on feedbacks between soil moisture and terrestrial climatology under variable environmental conditions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1245012.

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Rahman, Shahedur, Rodrigo Salgado, Monica Prezzi, and Peter J. Becker. Improvement of Stiffness and Strength of Backfill Soils Through Optimization of Compaction Procedures and Specifications. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317134.

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Vibration compaction is the most effective way of compacting coarse-grained materials. The effects of vibration frequency and amplitude on the compaction density of different backfill materials commonly used by INDOT (No. 4 natural sand, No. 24 stone sand, and No. 5, No. 8, No. 43 aggregates) were studied in this research. The test materials were characterized based on the particle sizes and morphology parameters using digital image analysis technique. Small-scale laboratory compaction tests were carried out with variable frequency and amplitude of vibrations using vibratory hammer and vibratory table. The results show an increase in density with the increase in amplitude and frequency of vibration. However, the increase in density with the increase in amplitude of vibration is more pronounced for the coarse aggregates than for the sands. A comparison of the maximum dry densities of different test materials shows that the dry densities obtained after compaction using the vibratory hammer are greater than those obtained after compaction using the vibratory table when both tools were used at the highest amplitude and frequency of vibration available. Large-scale vibratory roller compaction tests were performed in the field for No. 30 backfill soil to observe the effect of vibration frequency and number of passes on the compaction density. Accelerometer sensors were attached to the roller drum (Caterpillar, model CS56B) to measure the frequency of vibration for the two different vibration settings available to the roller. For this roller and soil tested, the results show that the higher vibration setting is more effective. Direct shear tests and direct interface shear tests were performed to study the impact of particle characteristics of the coarse-grained backfill materials on interface shear resistance. The more angular the particles, the greater the shear resistance measured in the direct shear tests. A unique relationship was found between the normalized surface roughness and the ratio of critical-state interface friction angle between sand-gravel mixture with steel to the internal critical-state friction angle of the sand-gravel mixture.

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Over, Thomas, Riki Saito, Andrea Veilleux, Padraic O’Shea, Jennifer Sharpe, David Soong, and Audrey Ishii. Estimation of Peak Discharge Quantiles for Selected Annual Exceedance Probabilities in Northeastern Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/16-014.

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This report provides two sets of equations for estimating peak discharge quantiles at annual exceedance probabilities (AEPs) of 0.50, 0.20, 0.10, 0.04, 0.02, 0.01, 0.005, and 0.002 (recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 500 years, respectively) for watersheds in Illinois based on annual maximum peak discharge data from 117 watersheds in and near northeastern Illinois. One set of equations was developed through a temporal analysis with a two-step least squares-quantile regression technique that measures the average effect of changes in the urbanization of the watersheds used in the study. The resulting equations can be used to adjust rural peak discharge quantiles for the effect of urbanization, and in this study the equations also were used to adjust the annual maximum peak discharges from the study watersheds to 2010 urbanization conditions. The other set of equations was developed by a spatial analysis. This analysis used generalized least-squares regression to fit the peak discharge quantiles computed from the urbanization-adjusted annual maximum peak discharges from the study watersheds to drainage-basin characteristics. The peak discharge quantiles were computed by using the Expected Moments Algorithm following the removal of potentially influential low floods defined by a multiple Grubbs-Beck test. To improve the quantile estimates, regional skew coefficients were obtained from a newly developed regional skew model in which the skew increases with the urbanized land use fraction. The skew coefficient values for each streamgage were then computed as the variance-weighted average of at-site and regional skew coefficients. The drainage-basin characteristics used as explanatory variables in the spatial analysis include drainage area, the fraction of developed land, the fraction of land with poorly drained soils or likely water, and the basin slope estimated as the ratio of the basin relief to basin perimeter. This report also provides: (1) examples to illustrate the use of the spatial and urbanization-adjustment equations for estimating peak discharge quantiles at ungaged sites and to improve flood-quantile estimates at and near a gaged site; (2) the urbanization-adjusted annual maximum peak discharges and peak discharge quantile estimates at streamgages from 181 watersheds including the 117 study watersheds and 64 additional watersheds in the study region that were originally considered for use in the study but later deemed to be redundant. The urbanization-adjustment equations, spatial regression equations, and peak discharge quantile estimates developed in this study will be made available in the web-based application StreamStats, which provides automated regression-equation solutions for user-selected stream locations. Figures and tables comparing the observed and urbanization-adjusted peak discharge records by streamgage are provided at http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165050 for download.

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