Academic literature on the topic 'Soil treatment unit'
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Journal articles on the topic "Soil treatment unit"
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Elkayam, R., M. Michail, O. Mienis, T. Kraitzer, N. Tal, and O. Lev. "Soil Aquifer Treatment as Disinfection Unit." Journal of Environmental Engineering 141, no. 12 (December 2015): 05015001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0000992.
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Kambulov, Sergey Ivanovich, and Igor Vladimirovich Bozhko. "AGGREGATE FOR COMBINED TREATMENT OF SOIL APK-4." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 9 (September 24, 2020): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2020i9pp78-82.
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The article presents the results of experimental studies of the aggregate of tillage combined APK-4. During the research it was found that in terms of quality indicators, the unit at a working speed of 9.8 km/h withstands an installation processing depth of 12-14 cm. According to energy indicators, the traction resistance of the APK-4 machine in the unit with the K-701 tractor was 48.2 kN, and the specific energy consumption amounted to 123.5 MJ/ha. According to operational and technological indicators, the productivity per hour of the main time is 3.82 ha with the operating speed of the unit 2.72 m/s (9.8 km/h). The replaceable productivity in this case amounted to 2.10 ha/h, while the operational productivity of the unit at the same time amounted to 2.07 ha/h.
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Салахов, Ильнур, and Ilnur Salakhov. "AGROTECHNICAL ASPECTS OF THE WORKING UNIT APPLICATION FOR UNDERGROUND SOIL TREATMENT." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 12, no. 3 (January 11, 2018): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a1d9aa31ec6e6.52700948.
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Abstract. The subsoiling tillage is aimed at weakening the surface runoff of water and transferring it to the subsurface. The main methods of non-plowing treatment are subsoiling, flat and chisel processing, milling, chinking, deepening of the arable layer of the soil. However, the working units of existing tools for subsoiling tillage do not provide sufficient accumulation and preservation of moisture in the soil, its optimum density for the development of the root system of plants, and are characterized by increased energy intensity. This article presents the agrotechnical aspects of subsoiling, which contributes to a decrease in the development of erosion processes and an increase in moisture accumulation in the soil in conditions of a deficiency in soil moisture. The description of the soil-cultivating tool with working units of drive action is given. The results of the influence of the proposed treatment method on the agrotechnical indices of the soil are obtained.
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Kaplan, Christopher W., and Christopher L. Kitts. "Bacterial Succession in a Petroleum Land Treatment Unit." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 3 (March 2004): 1777–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.3.1777-1786.2004.
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ABSTRACT Bacterial community dynamics were investigated in a land treatment unit (LTU) established at a site contaminated with highly weathered petroleum hydrocarbons in the C10 to C32 range. The treatment plot, 3,000 cubic yards of soil, was supplemented with nutrients and monitored weekly for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), soil water content, nutrient levels, and aerobic heterotrophic bacterial counts. Weekly soil samples were analyzed with 16S rRNA gene terminal restriction fragment (TRF) analysis to monitor bacterial community structure and dynamics during bioremediation. TPH degradation was rapid during the first 3 weeks and slowed for the remainder of the 24-week project. A sharp increase in plate counts was reported during the first 3 weeks, indicating an increase in biomass associated with petroleum degradation. Principal components analysis of TRF patterns revealed a series of sample clusters describing bacterial succession during the study. The largest shifts in bacterial community structure began as the TPH degradation rate slowed and the bacterial cell counts decreased. For the purpose of analyzing bacterial dynamics, phylotypes were generated by associating TRFs from three enzyme digests with 16S rRNA gene clones. Two phylotypes associated with Flavobacterium and Pseudomonas were dominant in TRF patterns from samples during rapid TPH degradation. After the TPH degradation rate slowed, four other phylotypes gained dominance in the community while Flavobacterium and Pseudomonas phylotypes decreased in abundance. These data suggest that specific phylotypes of bacteria were associated with the different phases of petroleum degradation in the LTU.
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Gaybaryan, Mikhail A., Vladimir S. Teterin, Vladimir I. Sidorkin, and Natalya N. Gapeeva. "Modification of the unit for subsurface injection of organomineral fertilizers." Tekhnicheskiy servis mashin, no. 2 (June 10, 2020): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2618-8287-2020-58-2-12-20.
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Subsurface injection of liquid organomineral fertilizers provides activation of soil microflora, increased nutrient adsorption by plants, improved physical and agrochemical properties of soil, adsorption of harmful contaminants, pesticides and radioactive nuclides from soils. Subsurface injection of liquid fertilizers is usually carried out locally in planting or feeding seedlings, using sowing and planting units, plant nourishing cultivators, fertilizing systems, cultivators with feeding devices. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in increasing the efficiency of using liquid fertilizers, including organomineral fertilizers, by upgrading the developed technical means for their intra-soil application. (Materials and methods) The article presents the designed, manufactured and tested a technical tool for continuous intra-soil application of liquid organomineral fertilizers during pre-sowing soil treatment. Authors proposed the design of a combined device that includes a vertical milling cultivator, a system for injecting liquid organomineral fertilizers and a rolling drum and allows to carefully loosen the soil, grind root and crop residues, conduct a continuous intra-soil application of liquid organomineral fertilizers to a depth of 20 centimeters, as well as create a compacted seedbed. (Results and discussion) The authors identified a number of design flaws during the tests of the developed machine, and therefore decided to modernize some of them. Authors have upgraded the design of the cutter and coulter and changed the injection system of liquid fertilizers. (Summary) As a result of the modernization, authors have increased the charge productivity of the unit, improved the quality of soil treatment and increased the efficiency of fertilizer application by increasing the uniformity of their application.
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Braunack, M. V., and T. C. Peatey. "Changes in soil physical properties after one pass of a sugarcane haulout unit." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, no. 6 (1999): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea98026.
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Summary. Field trials were established at different locations within the Herbert River area near Ingham in North Queensland to assess the ratooning ability and yield of sugarcane after a wet harvest. Treatments consisted of harvesting under dry conditions and then applying 50 mm of irrigation, followed by no traffic (control), traffic of a haulout unit directly over the harvested row (traffic treatment), and traffic as above with the application of further irrigation to maintain wet soil conditions (traffic + water treatment). Undisturbed soil cores were collected from the row before harvest and after treatment imposition to assess the change in soil physical properties due to traffic. Soil cone resistance was also measured. Soil physical properties changed significantly after traffic with increases in soil bulk density and soil cone resistance and decreases in saturated hydraulic conductivity. The greatest change occurred in the top 20 cm of the profile. Yield at one site was significantly reduced after traffic and the effect was enhanced in the presence of water after traffic. It is suggested that to maintain good soil conditions in the row all traffic should be restricted to the central part of the inter-row. One way to achieve this is to match crop row spacing with equipment track widths.
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Casarini, D. C. P., R. C. A. Cunha, M. I. Z. Sato, and P. S. Sanchez. "Evaluation of Toxicity Test Procedure To Define Loading Rates in a Land Treatment System." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0383.
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Land treatment is categorized as an option to treat hazardous organic waste in soils. This treatment relies on detoxification, degradation, and immobilization of hazardous wastes constituents within the defined treatment zone to ensure the protection of surface water, groundwater and soil. The use of an appropriate battery of acute toxicity screening tests provides an acceptable method to estimate the initial application rates to be used in subsequent land treatment systems. This paper describes the Microtox acute toxicity test that has been developed and proposed by EPA - Environmental Protection Agency, to estimate the initial loading rates in a land treatment unit (EPA, 1986). The procedure involves conducting a sequence of Microtox tests on the water-soluble fraction of the soi], the waste, and selected waste-soil combinations. The results are used to establish a range of loading rates, which graphically are correlated with the EC50 or TU (toxic unit) to define the test loading rate which does not impact the biological activities of soil microorganisms.
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Nazarenko, Ihor, and Oleksandr Kovalov. "ENERGY EFFICIENT ELECTROMECHANICAL SOIL TREATMENT SYSTEM BASED ON ELECTRIC MOTORBLOCK." Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Energy: Reliability and Energy Efficiency, no. 1 (2) (July 2, 2021): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2224-0349.2021.01.10.
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In Ukraine, the number of farms, private land users and protected soil structures has increased significantly in recent years. To increase the efficiency of vegetable production, small-sized mobile units in the form of motoblocks with internal combustion engines of domestic and foreign production have been widely used. However, during the operation of mobile units with internal combustion engines in greenhouses and hotbeds, the noise level and air pollution increase, which negatively affect not only people but also plants. The disadvantages of motoblocks with internal combustion engines should also include a fairly high specific consumption of liquid fuel, which has a high cost, difficulties in starting and stopping the unit, as well as the relatively low reliability of the internal combustion engine. More promising for work in protected soil structures are mobile units with traction motors, called electric motors, as environmentally friendly units that do not have these shortcomings. The main technical characteristics of the experimental sample of a small-sized electrified soil-cultivating motoblock are given in the work. The structural scheme of the power energy channel of the electric motor unit is substantiated, which clearly demonstrates the processes of energy conversion in it. The equation of energy balance of the electric motor unit and the main energy ratios that determine the properties of the traction motor in the drive of the electric motor unit are obtained. The algorithm of optimal control of a direct current traction motor by the maximum efficiency for direct current motors of serial and mixed excitation is substantiated. The results of field tests of the prototype of the electric motor unit are presented. The analysis of the obtained results of experimental researches of the electrified tillage motor-drive driven by the direct current motor of sequential excitation testifies to the reduction of specific energy consumption for the main types of tillage by 12-15%.
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Jeksen, Julianus, Wayan Diara, and Wiyanti Wiyanti. "PREDIKSI EROSI DAN PERENCANAAN KONSERVASI TANAH PADA DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI JANGA KABUPATEN KARANGASEM, BALI." AGRICA 1, no. 1 (July 21, 2020): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37478/agr.v1i1.476.
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Erosion prediction on Janga flow river area at Karangasem district used USLE ( Universal Soil Loss Equation ). This research conducted to know the large erosion on Janga flow river area and conservation treatment on unit larger erosion area of permitted erosion to concern on the class of ability area. Based on slope map compilation, used area map and soil variety map on research area was founded L6 unit area. The large erosion predicts on Janga flow river area between 0,829 to 1.109,208 ton/ha/th. Low erosion in area unit 1,3,5,6,7, and 9 located on downstream of the flow river area. Be on the process of erosion on area unit 11 and 13 located on mid-flow river area. High erosion in area unit 14 and 16 located on upper reaches flow river area. Lowest erosion found in area unit 1,3,5,6,7,9,11 and larger erosion of permitted erosion located in area unit 10,13,14,15,and 16 need to soil conservation treatment. Applicable Soil conservation treatment is increasing the density of crops and improve terrace construction and by added used organic substance and cultivation crop
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Bulgakov, Volodymyr, Pavol Findura, Volodymyr Nadykto, Volodymyr Kyurchev, and Mikola Tikhovod. "Experimental Study of Two Fallow Field Treatment Influence Methods on Soil Moisture Dynamics." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 25, no. 4 (November 1, 2022): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ata-2022-0026.
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Abstract The yield of any crop depends on soil moisture. One of the moisture conservation technological methods is fallow in the form of soil mulch with a layer not exceeding a thickness of 5–6 cm. To create this, a harrow utilizing special working devices was designed. This paper presents the results obtained on the dynamics of changes in soil moisture in a fallow field treated with a new harrowing unit compared to a serial cultivator operating at a depth higher than 6 cm. It was observed that the soil moisture in the harrowed area of the fallow field was 1.4 times higher, while the moisture reserves were 2.2 times higher in contrast to the field with the agrotechnical environment, treated with the sweeps of a serial cultivator. The actual soil tillage depth uniformity reached with the new harrowing unit is higher in comparison to that of the basic cultivator unit because, according to the F-test, the dispersion of fluctuations in the field tillage depth by the former (0.64 cm2) is significantly less than that for the latter (3.24 cm2).
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Soil treatment unit"
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Gomez, Katherine Emma. "Phytoremediation of contaminated soil from a petroleum refinery land treatment unit." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=ucin1006197725.
Full textBooks on the topic "Soil treatment unit"
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McCray, John. State of the Science: Review of Quantitative Tools to Determine Wastewater Soil Treatment Unit Performance. IWA Publishing, 2009.
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Kulak, Dariusz. Wieloaspektowa metoda oceny stanu gleb leśnych po przeprowadzeniu procesów pozyskania drewna. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-28-1.
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Presented reasearch aimed to develop and analyse the suitability of the CART models for prediction of the extent and probability of occurrence of damage to outer soil layers caused by timber harvesting performed under varied conditions. Having employed these models, the author identified certain methods of logging works and conditions, under which they should be performed to minimise the risk of damaging forest soils. The analyses presented in this work covered the condition of soils upon completion of logging works, which was investigated in 48 stands located in central and south-eastern Poland. In the stands selected for these studies a few felling treatments were carried out, including early thinning, late thinning and final felling. Logging works were performed with use of the most popular technologies in Poland. Trees were cut down with chainsaws and timber was extracted by means of various skidding methods: with horses, semi-suspended skidding with the use of cable yarding systems, farm tractors equipped with cable winches or tractors of a skidder type, and forwarding employing farm tractors with trailers loaded mechanically by cranes or manually. The analyses also included mechanised forest operation with the use of a harvester and a forwarder. The information about the extent of damage to soil, in a form of wheel-ruts and furrows, gathered in the course of soil condition inventory served for construction of regression tree models using the CART method (Classification and Regression Trees), based on which the area, depth and the volume of soil damage under analysis, wheel-ruts and furrows, were determined, and the total degree of all soil disturbances was assessed. The CART classification trees were used for modelling the probability of occurrence of wheel-ruts and furrows, or any other type of soil damage. Qualitative independent variables assumed by the author for developing the models included several characteristics describing the conditions under which the logging works were performed, mensuration data of the stands and the treatments conducted there. These characteristics covered in particular: the season of the year when logging works were performed, the system of timber harvesting employed, the manner of timber skidding, the means engaged in the process of timber harvesting and skidding, habitat type, crown closure, and cutting category. Moreover, the author took into consideration an impact of the quantitative independent variables on the extent and probability of occurrence of soil disturbance. These variables included the following: the measuring row number specifying a distance between the particular soil damage and communication tracks, the age of a stand, the soil moisture content, the intensity of a particular cutting treatment expressed by units of harvested timber volume per one hectare of the stand, and the mean angle of terrain inclination. The CART models developed in these studies not only allowed the author to identify the conditions, under which the soil damage of a given degree is most likely to emerge, or determine the probability of its occurrence, but also, thanks to a graphical presentation of the nature and strength of relationships between the variables employed in the model construction, they facilitated a recognition of rules and relationships between these variables and the area, depth, volume and probability of occurrence of forest soil damage of a particular type. Moreover, the CART trees served for developing the so-called decision-making rules, which are especially useful in organising logging works. These rules allow the organisers of timber harvest to plan the management-related actions and operations with the use of available technical means and under conditions enabling their execution in such manner as to minimise the harm to forest soils. Furthermore, employing the CART trees for modelling soil disturbance made it possible to evaluate particular independent variables in terms of their impact on the values of dependent variables describing the recorded disturbance to outer soil layers. Thanks to this the author was able to identify, amongst the variables used in modelling the properties of soil damage, these particular ones that had the greatest impact on values of these properties, and determine the strength of this impact. Detailed results depended on the form of soil disturbance and the particular characteristics subject to analysis, however the variables with the strongest influence on the extent and probability of occurrence of soil damage, under the conditions encountered in the investigated stands, enclosed the following: the season of the year when logging works were performed, the volume-based cutting intensity of the felling treatments conducted, technical means used for completion of logging works, the soil moisture content during timber harvest, the manner of timber skidding, dragged, semi-suspended or forwarding, and finally a distance between the soil damage and transportation ducts. The CART models proved to be very useful in designing timber harvesting technologies that could minimise the risk of forest soil damage in terms of both, the extent of factual disturbance and the probability of its occurrence. Another valuable advantage of this kind of modelling is an opportunity to evaluate an impact of particular variables on the extent and probability of occurrence of damage to outer soil layers. This allows the investigator to identify, amongst all of the variables describing timber harvesting processes, those crucial ones, from which any optimisation process should start, in order to minimise the negative impact of forest management practices on soil condition.
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Lipman, Jeffrey, and Robert J. Boots. Diagnosis, assessment, and management of tetanus, rabies, and botulism. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0245.
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Tetanus, rabies and botulism are all infections characterized by the production of a neurotoxin, and generally do not give rise to a systemic inflammatory response. Typically tetanus result from the infection of wounds by the ubiquitious soil-borne bacteria Clostridium tetanii, botulism is most commonly due to toxin produced in food contaminated with Clostridium botulinum. Rabies usually results from an animal bite infected with the rabies virus of the Lyssavirus group. Neurological involvement by all three infections is characterized by paralysis and autonomic instability with tetanus also being associated with muscular rigidity. Importantly, the autonomic dysfunction of tetanus can be severe and may necessitate prolonged treatment in an intensive care unit (ICU). Active immunization can prevent or minimize the symptoms of tetanus and rabies, while passive immunization may slow symptom progression in botulism. Intensive care support is often required to manage respiratory failure and autonomic dysfunction. Rabies is typically fatal in the absence of prior immunization.
Book chapters on the topic "Soil treatment unit"
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Durner, Edward F. "The analysis of covariance." In Applied plant science experimental design and statistical analysis using the SAS® OnDemand for Academics, 285–97. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249927.0017.
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Abstract This chapter focuses on the analysis of covariance. In the analysis of covariance, there is some measurable characteristic associated with experimental units which seems to be contributing significant variability to an experiment. This variability inflates the error term and makes it harder to reject the null hypothesis of no treatment effect. If one could pull this variability out of the error term, a larger F-value will be obtained, and therefore possibly reject the null hypothesis. This is increasing precision. Treatment effects on nematode populations in the soil and yield were taken as examples.
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Yu, T. R., and E. J. Wang. "Ion Diffusion." In Chemistry of Variable Charge Soils. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195097450.003.0012.
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The microregional transport of ions under an externally applied electric field has been discussed previously. When ions are distributed heterogeneously in soil on a macroscopic scale, because of the presence of concentration gradient (i.e., the difference in chemical potential), ions tend to migrate from a site of high concentration to a site of low concentration. Such a phenomenon is called ion diffusion. The diffusion rate of various ions in a soil is related to the nature of the ions and the interaction among them and is also affected by the chemical processes in the soil, such as adsorption, desorption, and repulsion. For variable charge soils carrying both positive and negative surface charges, the factors that affect ion diffusion are rather complex. In the present chapter, after treatment of basic principles of ion diffusion, the characteristic features of ion diffusion in variable charge soils will be discussed, with the emphasis on diffusion of anions because this is one of the important means for elucidating the characteristics of variable charge soils. In a solution, if the ion concentration in point A is higher than that in point B, under static conditions, the number of ions moving from point A to point B will be larger than that moving in the opposite direction due to the random thermal motion of ions. In order to express the net ion flux J within an unit time interval through an unit area, Fick introduced the first diffusion law: . . . J = –D dC/dX . . . (9-1) where dC/dX is the concentration gradient. The negative sign in the equation denotes that the flux is from high concentration to low concentration; that is, the direction of the flux is opposite to that of the concentration gradient. D is called the diffusion coefficient. It can be seen from the equation that the diffusion coefficient is the flux passing through an unit cross-sectional area within a unit time interval under a unit concentration gradient. D is the most important parameter in ion diffusion. Fick’s first diffusion law is applicable to both homogeneous and heterogeneous medium such as soil.
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Tinker, Peter B., and Peter Nye. "The Mineral Nutrition of Single Plants in Soil." In Solute Movement in the Rhizosphere. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195124927.003.0014.
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Earlier chapters in this book have dealt with the various components of the soil –root system. In this chapter we aim to synthesize them into a unified treatment of a single whole plant growing in soil. Solute movement and root system uptake models are still the central subject, but we must also deal with the growth of the whole plant, which provides the growing sink for the absorbed solutes, and the expanding root system through which they enter. Here we deal only with homogeneous soils and constant growing conditions, usually in pot culture, and call this ‘simplified conditions’. This is necessary in dealing with such complicated systems, so that essential principles shall not be obscured. In chapter 11 we apply these ideas, so far as it is possible, to crops and natural vegetation. Models are often referred to in this book, because the ideas and concepts are most easily and precisely formulated in this way (Nye 1992a). Here, we outline the different types of models that will be dealt with, and their relationships with each other. Readers may consult Rengel (1993) and Silberbush (1996) for recent reviews of the modelling of nutrient uptake, and Penning de Vries & Rabbinge (1995) for general crop modelling concepts. There are three basic situations: (1) Models of single or few plants growing in pots under simplified conditions in greenhouse or growth chambers, in homogeneous soils, with ample supplies of water, constant temperature, etc. (2) Models of monoculture crops. If a unit cell can be defined, only the vertical dimension need be considered, except possibly for light interception, and for radial transport around roots. These models are normally used for field situations. (3) Vegetation models with mixed species. Separation of the uptakes by the different species can be extremely difficult. If the geometrical arrangement of the species is regular, it is possible to determine a recurring unit cell, which simplifies treatment. Within each situation there is a hierarchy of complexity in the number of processes covered. All models may include water uptake as well as nutrient uptake.
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Fonseca, J., M. Marchi, L. Braz, A. Cecílio, and L. Sacramento. "Design of experimental composting of animal carcasses in universitary unit of treatment aimed a correct final disposition and soil improve." In Green Design, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 413–16. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15002-80.
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Abubakar, Ballah, Jacob Dunga, Yusuf B. Jibrin, Hassan Maina, Bordiya G. Buma, and Ibrahim Maigari. "ICU Management of Tetanus." In ICU Management and Protocols [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104876.
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Tetanus is a major public health concern in low socio economic countries and it carries a high mortality rate. However, the incidence of tetanus in developed nations has greatly reduced due to an excellent vaccine program. Tetanus is caused by a neurotoxin released by Clostridium tetani. C. tetani is a spore-forming bacterium that is widely distributed in soil and it is also found in the intestines and feces of animals such as horses, sheep, cattle, dogs, cats, rats and guinea pigs. The mortality is because of various complications due to muscle spasms, autonomic dysfunction, as well as due to prolonged critical care. Management of tetanus with its complications is in an intensive care unit and the goals of management include stopping further toxin production, neutralization of unbound toxin, management of the airway, control of muscle spasm, treatment of autonomic dysfunction and general supportive management. The effective method of preventing tetanus is by immunization with tetanus toxoid containing vaccines. The vaccine is cheap, effective and safe for all age groups.
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Rayhan Shaheb, Md, Ayesha Sarker, and Scott A. Shearer. "Precision Agriculture for Sustainable Soil and Crop Management." In Soil Science - Emerging Technologies, Global Perspectives and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101759.
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Precision agriculture (PA) transforms traditional practices into a new world of production of agriculture. It uses a range of technologies or diagnostic tools such as global navigation satellite system (GNSS), geographic information systems (GIS), yield monitors, near-infrared reflectance sensing, and remote sensing in collecting and analyzing the in-field spatial variability data, thereby enabling farmers to monitor and make site-specific management decisions for soils and crops. PA technology enables visualization of spatial and temporal variations of production resources and supports spatially varying treatments using variable rate application technologies installed on farm agricultural field machinery. The demand for PA is driven by recognition within-field variability and opportunities for treating areas within a field or production unit differently. PA can be applied to multiple cultural practices including tillage, precision seeding, variable rate fertilizer application, precision irrigation and selective pesticide application; and facilitates other management decisions making, for example, site-specific deep tillage to remove soil compaction. PA technology ensures optimal use of production inputs and contributes to a significant increase in farm profitability. By reducing crop production inputs and managing farmland in an environmentally sensible manner, PA technology plays a vital role in sustainable soil and crop management in modern agriculture.
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Wilburn, Josh. "Spirited Motivation and the Novelty of Reason." In The Political Soul, 113–38. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198861867.003.0005.
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Chapter 5 examines “early” works that anticipate the Republic’s account of the role of spirited motivations in social and political life and the related challenges of promoting proper moral education and civic unity. It surveys Plato’s early depictions of traditional moral education and popular values, as well as his early treatment of political unity, civic strife, and the ethics of helping friends and harming enemies. The chapter also argues against the common view that the spirited part of the soul represented the main innovation of Plato’s tripartite theory. Rather, it suggests, the reasoning part was his contribution to received folk psychology and ethics, and that is why “early” dialogues focus so heavily on intellectual and rational aspects of human psychology.
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Wilburn, Josh. "Spirited Psychology and Civic Temperament in the Statesman." In The Political Soul, 231–52. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198861867.003.0009.
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Chapter 9 argues that the Statesman characterizes the task of the politician as one that prominently requires attention to distinctively spirited aspects of the human soul. According to the dialogue’s final section, the primary problem of politics is that of producing harmony between, or “weaving” together, two main types of citizens that naturally tend toward conflict with one another: the “courageous” and the “moderate.” This chapter argues that the Statesman’s treatment of civic unity is largely a discussion of spirited political psychology: the “courageous” citizens incline toward behavior associated with the aggressive side of thumos, while the “moderate” tend toward behavior associated with its gentle side. Moreover, this treatment is set up earlier in the dialogue through the Myth of Cronus, which is designed to expose the inadequacy of conceptions of politics that ignore the social desires and emotions of human beings that are most relevant to politics.
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Giourgas, Thomas. "Well-being, Education and Unity of the Soul in Plato." In Proceedings of the XXIII World Congress of Philosophy, 119–26. Philosophy Documentation Center, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/wcp232018221294.
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Is Socrates in the Protagoras a sincere hedonist? The decipherment of the latter question is fundamental to the unraveling of key aspects of Plato’s ethical thought. It has been suggested that Socrates in the Protagoras finds hedonism philosophically attractive for it functions as a necessary anti-akrasia premise and, therefore, it fits his moral psychology. At the same time quantitative hedonism provides for commensurability of moral value and, in turn, for a more straightforward, quantifiable, and action-guiding Platonic ethical theory. Although initially appealing, the latter hypothesis is deeply problematic. On the one hand, hedonism is not a necessary theoretical tool either for commensurability of value or for a quantifiable eudemonistic ethical theory. On the other hand a hedonistic interpretation of the Protagoras would result in a plethora of blatant anomalies for Platonic ethical theory as it is exhibited in the early and middle period dialogues. In particular, the endorsement of quantitative hedonism comes tied with an apotheosis of sophistic education and also with a purely instrumental conception of virtue which contradicts cardinal components of Socrates’ and Plato’s virtue theory. Therefore, a prohedonistic approach of the Protagoras is untenable and has to be rejected. As a result, a sufficiently plausible defense of the Socratic doctrine “no one does wrong willingly” needs to be constructed on non-hedonistic grounds. My suggestion is that we should recast Plato’s treatment of akrasia in terms of two –commonly defended by early Plato- descriptive theses of human psychology; that is, psychological eudemonism and motivational intellectualism. This move will lead us to the conclusion that the traditional conceptualization of akrasia as a single and unified phenomenon is incomplete as it does not pay justice to the richness of Plato’s moral psychology. Rather, as I will maintain, there are two types of akrasia implicit in Plato’s treatment of the phenomenon: synchronic akrasia and diachronic akrasia. On this revisionary theoretical basis, the differences between early Plato and later Plato on akrasia can be understood as variations in the adherence or not to psychological eudemonism and motivational intellectualism.
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Baragwanath, Nicholas. "Learning la-sol-fa-mi, with Some Hints on Musical Grammar." In The Solfeggio Tradition, 156–212. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197514085.003.0008.
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The chapter details how singing solfeggio allowed students to experience melody as a kind of language and to acquire fluency in it from experience rather than conscious learning. To try to reimagine this pedagogical process, as well as to demonstrate how to decipher complex solfeggio manuscripts, the chapter surveys some of the ways in which a common stock pattern of syllables was realized in song. Examples from manuscripts show how singers transformed the syllables la-sol-fa-mi into countless versions of Gjerdingen’s Prinner schema, prefacing them with a sol/do or fa/do lead-in, continuing them with a la-sol half cadence or a mi/mi or la/mi modulation, dividing them into coherent grammatical units with internal punctuation, and combining their two locations to generate complex counterpoint. The chapter also touches on the treatment of the sol-fa-mi and its role within the Monte, Fonte, and Meyer schemas.
Conference papers on the topic "Soil treatment unit"
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Kambulov, S. I., and O. S. Babenko. "EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES OF THE COMBINED UNIT FOR SMALL SOIL TREATMENT." In INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/itno.2020.64-66.
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. The article presents the results of experimental studies on soil preparation for sowing winter crops on unpaired predecessors with a combined unit. The design of a combined unit with an adaptive set of working bodies has been developed. As a result of the research, agrotechnical and energy indicators of the working process were established. The nominal load of the unit together with the tractor is determined.
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Starovoitov, S. I. "TO DETERMINATION OF SOIL PROCESSING UNIT EFFICIENCY." In INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/itno.2020.269-274.
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Method of calculation of plough efficiency is proposed taking into account soil crumbling index and value of traction resistance. It has been established that 4.3... 5.1% values of traction resistance are spent on soil crushing. The reasonable value of absolute moisture of loamy soil, at which the energy intensity of treatment is minimal, is 18%.
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Babenko, O. S., and S. I. Kambulov. "TECHNOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF COMBINED UNITS FOR SMALL SOIL TREATMENT." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. DSTU-PRINT, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.1.47-50.
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The article considers the possibility of using a universal combined unit for tillage. The technological structure of the unit and the optimal set of working bodies have been substantiated. Various options for preparing the soil for sowing winter crops (heavy) and for caring for vapors (light) are proposed.Implementation of a number of technological operations in one pass of the unit is agronomically justified.
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Robert L Siegrist. "Engineering of a Soil Treatment Unit as a Unit Operation in an Onsite Wastewater System." In Eleventh Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems Conference Proceedings, 20-24 October 2007, Warwick, Rhode Island. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.24019.
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Kathryn S Lowe, Sheila M Van Cuyk, and Robert L Siegrist. "Soil Treatment Unit Performance as Affected by Hydraulic Loading Rate and Applied Effluent Quality." In Eleventh Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems Conference Proceedings, 20-24 October 2007, Warwick, Rhode Island. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.24026.
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Al-Obaidi, Ahmed, Mahmoud Mahmoud, Rizgar Hummadi, and Dunya Thieban. "Engineering Properties of Soil Immersed in Heavy Fuel Oil Waste." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARCHITECTURAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING 2020. Cihan University-Erbil, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/aces2020/paper.289.
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The power production industries often use gas turbines running on diesel oil, crude oil, or heavy fuel oil (HFO); the use of HFO in the gas power plants needs a sequence of treating processes in a particular treating unit. The HFO processes for treating produce large quantities of the wastewater due to the different treatment stages that, in most, are physical, and the resulted wastewater is called the HFO Waste. The common disposal method that majorly used in getting rid of the HFO waste is the ground pits or pools (directly on the natural soil surface) that work as large reservoirs to keep the large quantities of the outcome HFO Waste in order to re-consuming it for another utility or as a permanent disposing method. In this research, an extensive laboratory testing program was carried out to determine the effects of HFO waste on some of the geotechnical properties of different gypsum soils (slightly, moderately, and highly gypseous soil). The samples were extruded from different positions around the pool area at the Baiji Power Plant site and at different depths (1.0-3.0 m). The testing program includes basic soil properties, direct shear, compressibility, and collapsibility on natural and polluted soil samples at the same densities. The polluted samples were chosen at different saturation levels (10, 50, and 100) % respectively. The results showed an increase in the internal friction angle to its maximum value at a low degree of waste saturation, then going down, the cohesion is zero or negligible. Polluted soil had a compression index less than the compression index for non-polluted soil. The collapse potential for HFO waste flooded soils is higher than that of soils flooded with water.
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Hawthorne, Steven B., Arnaud J. M. Lagadec, David J. Miller, and Peter J. Hammond. "Non-Oxidative Destruction of TNT, RDX, and HMX on Contaminated Soil Using Subcritical (Hot/Liquid) Water." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4792.
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Subcritical (hot/liquid) water was used in a simple static (non-flowing) vessel to treat three soils from former defense sites which were contaminated with the explosives TNT (12 wt.%), or RDX (0.62 wt.%) and HMX (0.16 wt. %). Significant degradation of RDX began at 100 C, and at 125 C for TNT and HMX, with the bulk of the undergraded explosives remaining in the soil rather than in the water phase. Based on HPLC/UV analysis, intermediate degradation products formed, but quickly degraded at < 250 C. Remediations performed using a generator-powered mobile pilot-scale unit (4 to 6 kg soil) with 4-L of water at 275 C for 1 h of real soils resulted in > 99.9% destrcution of TNT and HMX, and > 99.5% desstruction of RDX. None of the mutagenic nitroso derivatives of RDX and HMX were formed. “Microtox” acute toxicity tests with Vibrio fischeri showed no significant (compared to background) residual toxicity in either the process wastewaters or leachates from the treated soils. The operation is closed-loop (no air or water emissions), and process water can be recycled without treatment. Initial cost analysis indicates that the process should be competitive with other approaches such as bioremediation.
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Novikov, N. N., V. A. Rychkov, S. V. Mitrofanov, N. S. Panferov, and V. S. Teterin. "TECHNOLOGY FOR CROSS-FERTILIZATION OF BERRY BUSHES WITH SIMULTANEOUS TREATMENT OF THE SPACE BETWEEN THE ROWS." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.41-43.
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The paper describes a technology for cross-fertilization of berry bushes with simultaneous treatment of the space between the rows and technical equipment for its implementation, developed by ITSA – branch of FSAC VIM. The developed combined unit serves to the implementation of the technology for soil tillage with a disk harrow with adjustable working width in the space between the rows of the berry bushes under treatment, and it is able to carry out subsurface band root treatment with liquid fertilizers and foliage spraying of the bushes simultaneously and (or) separately.
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Abdul Zahra, Zainab, Mahmood Ahmed, and Ibrahim Al-Ani. "Stabilization of Clayey Soil by Using Metakaolin and Sugarcane Ash." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARCHITECTURAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING 2020. Cihan University-Erbil, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/aces2020/paper.219.
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Soft clay is a natural soil that spreads in the south of Iraq and many countries in the world. It is a problematic soil causing trouble for the structures built on it because of, high water content, low shear strength, and high compressibility. This work investigated the geotechnical behavior of soft clay by using mix of Metakaolin (M) and Sugarcane Straw Ash in air (SCSAA).The experimental work contains the following tests: chemical tests, physical tests, Compaction tests and shear test. These tests were carried out on soil samples prepared from soft soil; the replacement materials by weight of dry unit weight for different percentages of M (4%, 6%, 8%, 10%) mix with different percentages of SCSAA (4%, 6%, 8%, 10%). The tests results showed that the best percentage for the plasticity test was M1B4. Also,the percentage which gave the best value for undrained shear strength test was M4B4 (135).Finally, the treatment soil is good sub grade materials and also can be used in highway sub-base material.
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Zhang, Yiling, Dehong Kong, Sheng Sun, Zhiguo Luo, and Peng Luo. "Bioremediation of Soil Contaminated by Crude Oil in Daqing, China." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64216.
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Bioremediation of soil contaminated by pipeline spills in the Daquin region of China is presented in this paper. The objective of the study was to determine the nutrient ratio required for the bioremediation of soil contaminated by Daqing crude oil. Several experiments were conducted using different proportions of C:N:P:K to choose the optimum ratio of nutrients to be applied for bioremediation, C is supplied from the crude oil in the contaminated soil. The moisture content, porosity, PH and temperature of the contaminated soil were adjusted for optimum conditions. The experimental bioremediation technology was conducted in a treatment unit that was 0.5 m in length, 0.7 m in width, and 1.5 m in height. The results showed that the degradation rate of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) increased with increased concentrations of crude oil in the soil. At the beginning of the bioremediation experiments, the degradation rate of THP is high, but it gradually slowed over the course of the experiment. The degradation rate of TPH averaged 98% over 8 months.
Reports on the topic "Soil treatment unit"
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Payne, Suzette. Development of Site-Specific Soil Design Basis Earthquake (DBE) Parameters for the Integrated Waste Treatment Unit (IWTU). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/941733.
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