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Hamzah, Hazamaah Nur, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Heah Cheng Yong, Mohd Remy Rozainy Arif Zainol, and Kamarudin Hussin. "Review of Soil Stabilization Techniques: Geopolymerization Method one of the New Technique." Key Engineering Materials 660 (August 2015): 298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.660.298.
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This paper studies the effectiveness of soil stabilizer on the problematic soil or soft soil. It is subjected to instability and massive primary and long term consolidation settlements when subjected to even moderate load increases. The purpose of this study is to review the techniques and materials that have been used in the soil stabilization by previous researchers. The performance of the soil stabilizer for stabilization by means of strength has been highlighted in this study. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test was carried out on stabilized soil samples and the results that obtained were discussed. The use of these techniques and materials may provide an inexpensive and advantageous construction process. As a conclusion, the strength of soil can be increased by using these materials and techniques in soil stabilization. This paper gives a comprehensive report on stabilization techniques and materials that have been used for soft soil and also discuss the potential of geopolymerization technology to be one of the new soil stabilization techniques.
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Danu, Ritiksha. "Innovative Techniques for Soil Stabilization in Civil Engineering." Mathematical Statistician and Engineering Applications 70, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 646–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/msea.v70i1.2519.
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Soil stabilization is a critical aspect of civil engineering that aims to enhance the mechanical properties and stability of soil, thus enabling it to support the construction of various infrastructure projects. Over the years, researchers and engineers have continually sought innovative techniques to improve soil stabilization methods, leading to the development of several effective and sustainable solutions. This abstract provides an overview of some of the innovative techniques for soil stabilization in civil engineering, highlighting their principles, advantages, and potential applications.One innovative technique gaining attention in soil stabilization is the use of geosynthetics. Geosynthetics are synthetic materials specifically designed for geotechnical applications. They include geotextiles, geogrids, geocells, and geomembranes. Geosynthetics offer various benefits, such as reinforcing the soil, reducing soil erosion, improving drainage, and increasing the bearing capacity of weak soils. They can be used in different configurations based on project requirements, making them versatile and adaptable to a wide range of soil stabilization applications.
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Heeralal, M., Pandu Kurre, and G. V. Praveen. "Soil stabilization using lime precipitation technique." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 9, no. 11 (2018): 1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2018.01612.1.
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Mangnejo, D. A., S. J. Oad, S. A. Kalhoro, S. Ahmed, F. H. Laghari, and Z. A. Siyal. "Numerical Analysis of Soil Slope Stabilization by Soil Nailing Technique." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 4 (August 10, 2019): 4469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2859.
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Slope instability may be a result of change in stress conditions, rise in groundwater table and rainfall. Similarly, many slopes that have been stable for several years can abruptly fail due to changes in geometry, weak soil shear strength or as the effect of an external force. Debris flows (i.e. slope failures) take place without any warning and can have devastating results. So, it is vital to understand the slope failure mechanism and adopt safety prevention measures. Soil nailing is one of the widely used stabilization techniques for soil slopes. In this study, soil nail technique is proposed to upgrade the existing slope in clay. A parametric study was conducted to understand the effects of different nail diameter (i.e. 25mm and 40mm) and nail inclination (i.e. 200, 250, 300, 350 and 400) on slope stability. Morgenstern-Price (i.e. limit equilibrium) method was used to determine the factor of safety of the slope. It was found that the factor of safety of the existing slope improved significantly with three rows of 40mm diameter nail at an inclination of 400.
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Sheikh, Saddam, Ashutosh Mohod, Safal Sahare, Chandrakant Karambe, Anshul Raut, Bhavna Bhendarkar, and Rahul Jichkar. "Soil Stabilization by Using Inorganic Waste." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 615–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41299.
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Abstract: Soil stabilization is a process which improves the physical properties of soil, such as increasing shear strength, bearing capacity etc. which can be done by use of controlled compaction or addition of suitable admixtures like bituminous, lime and waste materials like plastic ,fly ash, phosphor gypsum etc. This new technique of soil stabilization can be effectively used to meet the challenges of society, to reduce the quantities of waste, producing useful material from non-useful waste materials. Plastic such as shopping waste bottles and bitumen is used to as a reinforcement to perform the CBR studies while mixing with soil for improving engineering performance of sub grade soil. Plastic strips obtained from waste plastic were mixed randomly with the soil. A series of California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests ,unconfined compressive strength test(UCS) were carried out on randomly reinforced soil by varying percentage of plastic and bitumen respectively with different proportions. Results of CBR tests demonstrated that inclusion of waste plastic strips in soil with appropriate amounts improved strength and deformation behavior of sub grade soils substantially. Keywords: CBR, Plastic bottle, Plastic bag, Bitumen, Soil Stabilization
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Ambagade, Shreya. "Effect of Marble Dust & Rice Husk Ash to Stabilize Expansive Soil." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 5102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36035.
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Soil Stabilization is the alteration of soils to enhance their physical properties. Stabilization can increase the shear strength of a soil and/or control the shrink-swell properties of a soil, thus improving the load bearing capacity of a sub-grade to support pavements and foundations. The Engineering Properties of soil are depended on the many points like minerals, water table, soil water behaviour etc. which vary as per area to area. Due to which we can’t get desire properties suitable to our needs of construction. To resolve this problem, we have technique called stabilization which means to stable or to modify or to improve the soil properties in positive manner. So, we can have a construction works which fulfil our needs and objective.
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Bushman, William H., Thomas E. Freeman, and Edward J. Hoppe. "Stabilization Techniques for Unpaved Roads." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1936, no. 1 (January 2005): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193600104.
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An amendment to Virginia House Bill 1400, Item 490, No. 1h, calls for the Virginia Transportation Research Council to “continue its evaluation of soil stabilizers as an alternative to paving low-volume secondary roads.” In response, promising soil stabilization products were evaluated with the relatively new technique of deeply mixing chemical additives into unpaved roadbeds. This work is based on the construction of a 1.75-m-long trial installation on Old Wheatland Road in Loudoun County, where seven commercially available stabilization products were applied to the unpaved road. A rigorous evaluation of treatment performance will provide the basis for recommendations to the Virginia Department of Transportation's operating divisions regarding improvements to the maintenance practices for gravel roads. Results thus far indicate that the introduction of soil stabilizers through deep mixing is a promising technique. The life-cycle cost analysis indicates that constructing a standard bituminous surface-treated roadway and maintaining it as such is much more cost-effective than using any of the products in this trial. Further, the analysis indicates that using the bituminous surface treatment alternative is also much more cost-effective than maintaining an unpaved road.
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Zhang, Changsong, Xueke Zang, Zhenxue Dai, Xiaoying Zhang, and Ziqi Ma. "Remediation Techniques for Cadmium-Contaminated Dredged River Sediments after Land Disposal." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 28, 2021): 6093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116093.
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This paper examines the remediation techniques of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated dredged river sediments after land disposal in a city in East China. Three remediation techniques, including stabilization, soil leaching, and phytoremediation, are compared by analyzing the performance of the techniques for Cd-contaminated soil remediation. The experimental results showed that the stabilization technique reduced the leaching rate of soil Cd from 33.3% to 14.3%, thus effectively reducing the biological toxicity of environmental Cd, but the total amount of Cd in soil did not decrease. Leaching soil with citric acid and oxalic acid achieved Cd removal rates of 90.1% and 92.4%, respectively. Compared with these two remediation techniques, phytoremediation was more efficient and easier to implement and had less secondary pollution, but it took more time, usually several years. In this study, these three remediation techniques were analyzed and discussed from technical, economic, and environmental safety perspectives by comprehensively considering the current status and future plans of the study site. Soil leaching was found to be the best technique for timely treatment of Cd contamination in dredged river sediments after land disposal.
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Kopiika, Nadiia, and Yuriy Petrenko. "Analysis of the Weak Soil Behavior, Modified Through Cementation." Advanced Journal of Graduate Research 7, no. 1 (October 20, 2019): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ajgr.7.1.27-36.
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The purpose of the study is to conduct thorough theoretical research and literature overview regarding possible ways of soil stabilization on the basis of this practice increasing demand. In particular an emphasis is made on the chemical technique for weak soils strengthening, due to its prevalence and various practical and economic advantages. Great amount of promiscuous data was analyzed and organized; in addition on its basis an attempt is made to provide convincing calculation technique for further usage in engineering soils` stabilization practice. Besides, various factors which could influence on the results` accuracy are identified with corresponding recommendations for further possible research on this issue.
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Foda, Tasneem, A. Abdelkader, and Hassan Ibrahim. "A Review of Soil Stabilization Using Stone Columns Technique." Delta University Scientific Journal 6, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/dusj.2023.291006.
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Abdullah, Hayder H., Mohamed A. Shahin, Megan L. Walske, and Ali Karrech. "Systematic approach to assessing the applicability of fly-ash-based geopolymer for clay stabilization." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 57, no. 9 (September 2020): 1356–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2019-0215.
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Traditional soil stabilization by chemical additives such as cement and lime is a well-established technique for ground improvement of problematic soils. However, with the advantage of lower carbon emission and energy consumption, fly-ash-based geopolymer has recently become an attractive alternative to traditional stabilizers. Nevertheless, the literature lacks systemic approaches that assist engineers to apply this promising binder for soil stabilization, including the proper dosages required for an effective treatment. This paper introduces a systematic approach to assess the applicability of fly-ash-based geopolymer for stabilization of clay soils, through a comprehensive experimental program where engineered and natural clays were examined and evaluated, including soil compaction, plasticity, compressive strength, durability, pH level, and impact of pulverization. The results revealed several factors that influence the level of enhancement of geopolymer-treated clays, including the soil mineralogy, plasticity–activity properties, geopolymer concentration, curing time, and pulverization.
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Al-Gharbawi, Ahmed S. A., Ahmed M. Najemalden, and Mohammed Y. Fattah. "Expansive Soil Stabilization with Lime, Cement, and Silica Fume." Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13010436.
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The type of soil known as expansive soil is capable of changing its volume through swelling and contracting. These types of soils are mostly composed of montmorillonite, a mineral with the capacity to absorb water, which causes the soil to heave by increasing its volume. Due to their capacity to contract or expand in response to seasonal fluctuations in the water content, these expansive soils might prove to be a significant risk to engineering structures. Many studies have dealt with swelling soils and investigated the behavior of these soils, as well as their improvement. In this study, three percentages of lime, cement, and silica fume (5, 7, 9%) are used to stabilize the expansive soil, and the work is divided into two sections: the first is using a consolidation test to record the free swell and swell pressure for the untreated and treated soils; in the second part, the grouting technique is utilized as a process that can be applied in the field to maintain the improvement in the bearing capacity. It is concluded that the soil stabilized with different percentages of lime, cement, and silica fume exhibits a decrease in both free swell and swelling pressure by approximately 65% and 76%, respectively, as compared with untreated soil. The soil grouted with silica fume increases the bearing capacity of footings resting on the grouted soil by approximately 64% to 82% for the soil treated with 5% and 9% silica fume, respectively, as compared with untreated soil.
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Meddah, Abdelaziz, Abd Elmalik Goufi, and Lysandros Pantelidis. "Improving Very High Plastic Clays with the Combined Effect of Sand, Lime, and Polypropylene Fibers." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (October 2, 2022): 9924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12199924.
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Improving the mechanical properties of low-strength soils (e.g., high plasticity clays) is one of the main branches of geotechnical engineering. The adoption of stabilization techniques for ensuring that structures will be founded on an adequately strong soil base is a common practice. Stabilization techniques for clay soils may include inert materials (cohesionless soils), chemical substances (cement, lime, or industrial additives), or the use of randomly distributed fibers. While all of these additives are added to low-strength soils by mixing, the question remains whether an optimal combination of stabilization techniques can be achieved for maximizing soil strength. Besides, each one of these additives contributes to an increase in soil strength in a different manner (soil replacement, chemical bonding of soil particles, and soil reinforcement respectively), while, according to the literature, each technique has its limitations. The latter refers to a limited effect on strength improvement and a maximum possible percentage, beyond which an additive has an adverse effect on strength; it also refers to other factors, such as brittleness failure, material availability, overall cost, and environment-related issues. Hence, in the present study, the efficiency of improving the basic geotechnical properties of a very high plasticity clay (liquid limit ωl = 86%) with a coupled effect between dune sand, lime, and polypropylene (PP) fibers has been investigated. The samples prepared by combining the three aforementioned soil improvement techniques were compared in terms of plasticity, compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) index. The experimental results show that the combination of these additives may lead to a considerable improvement in the strength and ductility of soils, even with a small amount of lime additive. Also, it was observed that 20% of sand, 3.4% of lime and 0.9% of fibers (by wt%) offers the best performance in terms of strength improvement for the clay tested (i.e., 12.75 times improvement compared to the untreated clay).
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Mastro, Francesco De, Andreina Traversa, Claudio Cocozza, Mauro Pallara, and Gennaro Brunetti. "Soil Organic Carbon Stabilization: Influence of Tillage on Mineralogical and Chemical Parameters." Soil Systems 4, no. 3 (September 22, 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems4030058.
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The interaction of organic carbon (OC) with clay minerals and amorphous iron and aluminum oxides, especially in the finest soil fractions (<20 μm), represents a good method for its stabilization, and different tillage practices can improve or reduce the persistence of OC in soils. This study investigates the effects of conventional (CT) and no (NT) tillage and soil depth (0–30, 30–60, and 60–90 cm) on the soil organic carbon (SOC) in four soil size fractions and its interactions with clay minerals and amorphous oxides. To identify the mineralogical composition of the four soil size fractions isolated from each soil, the X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) technique was used with near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, while the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique was used to determine the chemical composition of soil fractions. The higher OC content found in the finest soil fraction is related to its higher content of clay minerals and amorphous oxides. The SOC content is similar among CT and NT treatments as well as the mineralogical composition and the amount of amorphous oxides, suggesting that more than ten years of different tillage did not influence those parameters.
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Mohammed, Sarah Hashim, Khitam Abdulhussein Saeed, and Nagam Obaid Kariem. "Evaluation the Efficiency of Stabilization Technique of Organic Soil by Comparison Between the Two Stabilizers." Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 9 - September 5, no. 9 (September 25, 2020): 541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20sep275.
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Sewage treatment plants produce large quantities of sewage sludge as by-products, as the sludge contains elements harmful to environment. Such study investigated of utilizing different percentages of sewage (7, 14 and 21%) of soil weight. The stabilization / solidification process was used to improve the properties of the organic soil and meet its requirements. This technique was the use of traditional and nontraditional additives such as cement and styrene acrylic. The major objective of that research is to evaluate efficiency of stabilized soils through comparison of stabilizers. The organic soil was prepared and stabilizers were added in different proportions (3, 6 and 9%) for the purpose of the tests. Mechanical tests (Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and Hardness) were used for the soil sample to estimate the best mixing and obtaining higher strength. Through outcome of the UCS and hardness tests, cement was most effective agent of styrene in terms of improving the properties, strength and hardness of the organic treated soil.
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Bigham, Kari A. "Streambank Stabilization Design, Research, and Monitoring: The Current State and Future Needs." Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 2 (2020): 351–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13647.
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HighlightsEleven general streambank stabilization (SBS) techniques have been used worldwide.Rules-of-thumb and practitioner experience are still heavily applied in SBS design.Research needs include assessing the spatiotemporal variability of SBS and improving numerical simulation.Future SBS experiments need to include design details with results that can be easily communicated to designers.Abstract. Streambank stabilization techniques, designed to maximize localized streambank shear strength and/or minimize the forces acting on a streambank, have been in existence for centuries and are still a popular river management technique used by practitioners worldwide. The purpose of this literature review is to identify common streambank stabilization techniques, compile and summarize the recent peer-reviewed journal articles on these techniques, and determine research needs. Eleven general streambank stabilization practices, consisting of both instream structures and streambank management techniques, are identified in this literature review. Over 140 peer-reviewed journal articles on these techniques have been published over the last 20 years. To improve design and implementation of streambank stabilization techniques, two major research needs were identified: (1) further assess and quantify the spatiotemporal effects that streambank stabilization practices have on bank erosion, hydraulics, sediment transport, and habitat and (2) continue to improve numerical models for streambank stabilization design in order to holistically evaluate and address these effects. In addition, a list of specific research needs for each stabilization technique is provided. To help address these research needs, it is recommended that future streambank stabilization publications should (1) use consistent technique nomenclature, (2) provide characteristic details about the techniques and channels studied, (3) justify the experimental setup, and (4) explain how the research will improve streambank stabilization design. Keywords: Bankfull bench, Barb, Bioengineering, Deflector, Dike, Dyke, Groin, Groyne, Jetty, Large woody debris, LPSTP, Retarder, Revetment, Riprap bank, River training, Shaping, Spur, Stream restoration, Streambank erosion, Streambank stabilization, Toe rock, Toe
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AL-khyat, Sahar, Dalia Naji, Huda T. Hamad, and Helen Onyeaka. "A REVIEW ON SOIL CONTAMINATION SOURCES: IMPACT ON ENGINEERING PROPERTIES AND REMEDIATION TECHNIQUES." Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development 27, no. 3 (May 1, 2023): 292–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.27.3.1.
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Soil contamination produced by improper management of various petroleum and industrial products causes potential risks to the environment and soil engineering properties. Such contamination causes environmental deterioration and adversely affects soil engineering performance, altering almost all geotechnical properties. Several remediation techniques have been proposed to decontaminate the polluted soils. Choosing the best technique depends on both the energy consumption during operation and the treatment efficiency. The lack of a universally appropriate treatment method and the unavoidable expansion of contaminated land have justified the sake of reviewing the behavior of contaminated soils to develop both environmentally and geotechnically suitable soils for construction projects. The present paper reviewed some soil contamination sources’ backgrounds, effects, and remediation methods. Soils influenced by petroleum hydrocarbons and industrial effluents were evaluated. According to the reviewed studies, contaminants are evidenced to have a negative impact on soils' geotechnical characteristics by increasing settlement and swelling, reducing shear strength, and decreasing permeability. The need to restore the engineering characteristics of soils suggest the necessity to use remediation or stabilization technique. The electrochemical method, bioremediation, and stabilizing by additives are revealed to be efficient in improving the engineering properties and performance of contaminated soils.
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Long, Richard P., and Xinguo Zhang. "Treating Lead-Contaminated Soil by Stabilization and Solidification." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1615, no. 1 (January 1998): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1615-10.
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Soil in and near transportation facilities often is contaminated with lead because lead once was used as a base for gasoline and paint. Dealing with contaminated soil is difficult because the toxic material must be treated to protect the public from direct exposure. Stabilization and solidification is a promising technique for protecting the public from toxic materials in soils by decreasing the possibility of human exposure and decreasing the mobility of the contaminant. The results of a laboratory investigation of the feasibility of stabilization and solidification of contaminated soil using cement in combination with various additives are presented. Mobility of lead and other contaminants was measured by dynamic diffusion and compared with the standard test results of the toxic characteristic leaching procedure. Several additives were tried. Apatite and sodium silicate were found to be the most effective in reducing the mobility of the lead. The compacted dry density of the solidified soil had a great effect on the leaching characteristics. The leaching of lead from deteriorated solidified soil was simulated by crushing a sample containing apatite and conducting a dynamic diffusion test on the crushed sample. The diffusion coefficient was used to compare the effect of additives and other treatments.
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Nader Jihad, Safaa, and Khitam Abdul Hussein Saeed. "A REVIEW OF SOLIDIFICATION/STABILIZATION OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATED SOIL." Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development 27, no. 2 (March 1, 2023): 227–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/jeasd.27.2.7.
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Heavy metal contamination has occurred as a result of industrial civilization. Zinc, copper, chromium, and lead are the most prevalent heavy metal pollutants. Heavy metal contamination has arisen as a significant environmental issue on a global scale. Human and environmental health is at risk when soils are contaminated. as well as have poor engineering qualities. Solidification/Stabilization is a critical remediation strategy for polluted soils which is both efficient and cost-effective. The solidification/stabilization approach has been frequently used to rehabilitate heavy metal-contaminated areas. First, The use of gypsum to strengthen and leach polluted soils was reviewed. Also, cement/fly ash-solidified/stabilized soils have better engineering qualities. On the other hand, the global output of phosphogypsum surpasses 300 million tons, raising disposal and environmental problems every year. The efficiency of the phosphogypsum-based stabilization/solidification technique was investigated, and the methods employed biochar and chemical agents such as citric acid and FeCl3. This review examines various remediation options as well as innovative soil amendments.
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Sutarno, Mohd Syeddre, and Habib Musa Mohamad. "Peat Soil Compaction Characteristic and Physicochemical Changes Treated with Eco-Processed Pozzolan (EPP)." Civil Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 86–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-01-07.
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Peat soil was defined as the highly organic surface layer derived primarily from plant remains. Peat, on the other hand, was the subsurface of wetland systems, consisting of unconsolidated superficial layers with a high non-crystalline colloid (humus) content. Peat soils have a low shear strength of 5 to 20 kPa, a high compressibility of 0.9 to 1.5, and a high moisture content of >100%. The purpose of the study was to prognosticate the potential of Eco-Processed Pozzolan (EPP) as peat soil stabilization material with improved technique and its consequence of the methods, which was the peat soils index properties and analyse the characteristics of the peat soil stabilization before and after treatment using Eco-Processed Pozzolan (EPP). The soil was mixed with 10, 20, and 30% Eco-Processed Pozzolan (EPP) and then compacted (compaction test) in a metal mould with an internal diameter of 105 mm using a 2.5 kg rammer of 50 mm diameter, freefalling from 300 mm above the top of the soil Three layers compaction of approximately equal depth and 27 blows spread evenly over the soil surface for each layer. The expected result to accomplish the main purpose was to prognosticate the potential Eco-Processed Pozzolan (EPP) as peat soil stabilization material with improved technique and its consequence of the methods. According to the findings, peat soil treated with EPP will transform its qualities from peat to usable soil. However, the presence of moisture will reduce the mixture's ability. According to the findings of this study, the optimum EPP for stabilizing peat soils was 30-40%. Correspondingly, the elemental composition of peat soil mixed with EPP improved regardless of Carbon, Ca composition. Comparatively, the amount of Silicon, Si increased from 6.5% (Peat + EPP 10%) to 12.9% (Peat + EPP 40%) due to the crystallization of EPP and peat. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-01-07 Full Text: PDF
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Souza, Juliana Maria de, Rafaela Chagas Rudnick, and Juliana Azoia Lukiantchuki. "Evaluation of the incorporation of construction waste (CW) for the stabilization of soil-cement mixtures." Ambiente Construído 20, no. 4 (December 2020): 261–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212020000400471.
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Abstract The reuse of construction waste (CW) has been increasingly adopted as a way to reduce the environmental impact from inadequate disposal of this material worldwide. The stabilization of soils with cement is a common practice, enabling the use of this material in a variety of projects. However, depending on the type of soil, frequently large quantities of cement are needed, making the technique impracticable. The use of CW in the soil stabilization process may be an alternative for reducing the amount of cement and improving the strength of the mixture. The objective of this work was to investigate the use of CW to partially replace a lateritic clay soil in soil-cement mixtures. Besides the natural soil (S), a mixture of soil and CW (S-CW) was used with proportions of 50% of each. The cement content levels evaluated were 0%, 4%, 6% and 8% and the curing periods varied from 7 to 28 days. The results showed superior strength values for the S-CW compared to the soil-cement. This confirms that the use of CW reduces the percentage of cement necessary for the stabilization of a clayey soil and presents an alternative, more environmentally appropriate destination for this material.
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Majeed, Muzamil, and Aman Preet Tangri. "Stabilization of soil using industrial wastes." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 889, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/889/1/012018.
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Abstract Soil is the most important and basic element of earth. In India which have more type of soil which have low or high bearing capacity like black cotton soil which have high montmorillonite and kalinite. These are those type of soil which have high shrinkage and swelling property. This type of soil cannot withstand heavy load. So, to overcome such problem treatment of soil is needed to be done using plastic materials or volcanic ash, cement kiln dust(CKD) particles for stabilizing this soil. Soil stabilization is the process which improve the physical effects of soil shearing and bearing capacity which is use of adding the admixture like cement, fly ash, lime volcanic ash CKD. Engineers are develop new technique for soil stabilization. It is really big deal to use these type of waste to stabilization of soil. India is developing country build new building and break the old building. All this process many type of waste are generate and in Indian survey nearly 7.46 million tonnes of hazardous waste is generated in India annually So the engineers are think the all waste are used in soil stabilization This paper write for two reason, one is recycle the waste materials and other one is increase the soil stabilize. Some type of industrial waste are including the gravel and dirt concrete and masonry, oils, metals, industrial waste like gasses or solids and also count vegetables matters from restaurants. In other words the industrials waste is two type one is non-hazardous and 2nd is hazardous
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Argade, Sagar, Sanchita Bamble, Gautam Budharam, Saurabh Patil, and Prasenkumar Saklecha. "Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil by Using Rice Husk and Bagasse Ash." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42130.
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Abstract: Black cotton soil is expansive type of soil that expands suddenly and starts swelling once it comes in contact with water. The strength of the soil is very poor due to its physical properties. Expansive soils exhibit improved response in behaviour with different types of stabilizers. Stabilization with admixtures is found to be an effective technique to improve the strength properties of the black cotton soil. During this study the potential of rice husk ash and bagasse ash are found to be useful admixtures to improve the strength properties of the expansive soil. The rice husk is an agricultural by-product from rice milling and bagasse ash is a sugarcane waste from sugar industry. In this research an approach is made to improve the properties of black cotton soil with combination of bagasse ash and rice husk ash. The results show substantial improvement in engineering properties of black cotton soil with the admixtures. Keywords: Black Cotton Soil, Rice Husk Ash, Bagasse Ash.
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Muhammad Suhaimi, Sofwan Hadi, Ahmad Rizani, Salmani, Detta Tianida Fentasia Fentasia, and Abdul Hafizh Ihsani. "Strengthening of the Basic Soil (Sub Grade) of the Road Using Galam Piles." Jurnal Multidisiplin Madani 3, no. 5 (May 30, 2023): 1010–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/mudima.v3i5.2948.
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Banjarmasin City is situated on an alluvial soil type characterized by clay structures with a relatively low soil carrying capacity; hence, soil stabilization is required. The soil is stabilized using a variety of techniques. Stabilization techniques include using geotextiles, columns, sand stabilizing the soil itself, and stabilizing concrete mix. Implementation at the existing project site is stability stable pending catastrophe. In order the soil's carrying capacity, a depression is created at a predetermined distance beneath the soil, which is generally soft. The method of implementation utilized to assist in the preparation of this research includes data collecting and analysis of the obtained results. This evaluation's data sources consist of secondary data and data processing. By utilizing a static living load of 22.68 tons and the results of the calculation, it is determined that the load acting on the road construction is 33.2415 tons. The Schmertmann- Nottingham technique (1975) yielded a Qult Single of 1.245 and a Qgroup permit of 10.27 tonnes for the carrying capacity of the Galam woodGalam with a pile depth of 5 meters
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Park, Ki Soo, and Hee Mun Park. "Application of Soil Stabilization Technique for Shoulder Construction in Sri Lanka." International Journal of Highway Engineering 20, no. 4 (August 30, 2018): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7855/ijhe.2018.20.4.021.
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Dr. Sanjeev Kumar Gupta and Gurmeet Singh. "Soil Stabilization using Pro-base Technology." International Journal of Engineering and Management Research 10, no. 5 (October 14, 2020): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.10.5.7.
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Roads are the lifeline of the nation and hence a road must be of better quality which could make effective land access possible. According to a research conducted in Sri Lanka, if you want to rescue a village from poverty, 10-20 years of educational subsidy might not work, but if the same amount of money is funneled on road infrastructure development, you can see results within 2 years. An effective road network ensures efficient delivery of goods and transportation of people, directly contributing to the economic growth of the region. Due to economic reasons in developing nations like India, it is not possible to make paved roads especially in rural areas. These areas are mostly connected by the use of unpaved roads called as earth road or soil roads. But there are many problems associated in building these roads particularly like deterioration of the surface usually by rutting and formation of potholes, dusty in dry state and muddy during wet state. The basis of this report is to make aware about the non-traditional soil stabilization technique using Probase SH-85 Soil Hardener for hardening soil of any type and TX-85 Soil Stabilizer & Strengthener for stabilizing unstable soil and at last sealing it by spraying with Probase PB-65 Soil Sealant on soil surface. The Probase Road System ensures making soil road no longer dusty and muddy. These products are free from toxins and are environmental friendly unlike bitumen, soil-cement, lime and asphalt roads. Probase soil stabilizer will hence not only help in stabilizing the soil but will also reduce maintenance and construction cost, along with ensuring that the roads remain open and well operational in rainy season and dust-free in dry season that is to make it an all-weather road.
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Zhang, Rui, Mingxu Long, and Jianlong Zheng. "Comparison of Environmental Impacts of Two Alternative Stabilization Techniques on Expansive Soil Slopes." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (October 31, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9454929.
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Two alternative techniques, the lime stabilization technique (LST) and the geogrid reinforcement technique (GRT), are both useful to stabilize expansive soil slopes, but their impacts on the environment need be further evaluated. Based on a case study, two techniques as well as their construction processes were introduced. The energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were investigated by the life cycle assessment (LCA). The sensitivity analyses were carried out, including the lime content for LST, the reinforcement spacing for GRT, the embankment height, delivery distance, and treatment width for both techniques. From the LCA results, with the GRT, the energy consumption and CO2 emissions can be reduced by 7.52% and 57.09%, respectively. The main sources of two techniques are raw material production, soil transportation, and paving stage while the CO2 emissions of lime production are about 11.68 times of those of geogrid production. From the sensitivity analysis results, as the lime content of LST increases by 1%, the total energy consumption and CO2 emissions increase by 8.27% and 13.16%, respectively; as the reinforcement spacing of GRT increases by 0.05 m, the total energy consumption and CO2 emissions increase by 1.63% and 0.69%, respectively; as the embankment height increases by 1 m, the increase rates of energy consumption and CO2 emissions of LST are 1.68 and 1.61 times of those of GRT, respectively. In this project, when the embankment height is less than 10 m, the geogrid technique has the advantages of energy-saving and emission-reduction. It was found that the GRT is not sensitive to the change of delivery distance and treatment width and significantly reduces the environmental impacts, especially in reducing the impact of global warming.
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Patel, Kalpana, and Adarsh Patel. "Effects of Steel Slag on the Strength Properties of Clay, Lateritic and Black Cotton Clay Soil." SAMRIDDHI : A Journal of Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology 8, no. 02 (December 25, 2016): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18090/samriddhi.v8i2.7145.
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Excessive use of materials, leads to industrialization, which has an adverse impact on the environment. From industries, large amount of chemicals or other suspended particles as a waste are produced, which are mostly dumped that acquires large space leading to deterioration of soil properties. So, we should use these waste for some constructive or useful purposes. As steel industry releases waste with some good engineering properties so, we can use this type of waste with soil which has low strength and does not have good engineering properties. Various techniques are available like soil stabilization, providing reinforcement etc. to improve load bearing capacity of soil. Soil stabilization is one of the modification techniques used to improve the geotechnical properties of soil and has become the major practice in construction engineering which enables the effective utilization of industrial wastes as a stabilizer. This technique becomes more popular because of its easy availability and adaptability. In this study, the steel slag (an industrial waste) is mixed with Clay(CI), Lateritic(A-7-6(5)) , Black cotton clay soil to enhance its strength properties and make them more suitable for use. In this way industrial waste can be reduced economically.
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Bahuguna, Anoop. "The Use of Microbial Technology to Soil Stabilization." Mathematical Statistician and Engineering Applications 71, no. 2 (March 6, 2022): 609–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/msea.v71i2.2141.
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Microbially exacerbate existing precipitation (MICP) is an emerging technique with great potential for enhancing soil quality. The study's overarching objective is to quantify MICP's contribution to black cotton soil's improved shear strength and reduced hydraulic conductivity. The findings of a laboratory study on the influence of microorganisms on the engineering properties of soil treated with MICP. The bacteria utilized in this study was called Bacillus megaterium. A mold was made with the same interior size as the vortex shear instrument, and soil samples were then tested using this setup. The presence of microbes in black cotton soil greatly improves its shear strength and decreases its hydraulic conductivity, as shown by vane shear and penetration tests.
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Mat Nor, Ahmad Hakimi, Faizal Pakir, Muhammad Arif Azraei Izzudin, Salman Salim, Mohd Erwan Sanik, Masiri Kaamin, Mohd Firdaus Md Dan, and Mohd Khairy Burhanudin. "Stabilization of Soft Clay by Using Diapers Back Sheet Layer Wastes." MATEC Web of Conferences 250 (2018): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825001015.
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This research focus on improving the weaknesses of soft clay soils by using proper recycled material as a stabilization agent for strengthening purpose. Therefore, Diaper’s Back Sheet Layer Wastes (DBSLW) were used as the agent of soil stabilization. In this study, series of laboratory test were conducted to evaluate the optimum size and content of DBSLW as a strip reinforcement to increase the strength of Batu Pahat Soft Clay (BPSC). Testing program involves obtaining the physical properties of BPSC followed by California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test to determine the strength of BPSC with and without the addition of DBSLW. Result shows that the optimum size for DBSLW is 10 mm x 30 mm while the optimum content is 0.5%. At 15 mm penetration, sample with diapers strip of 10 mm x 30 mm dimension record 4.10 kN CBR value compare to 1.64 kN CBR value of untreated soil, 2.5 times stronger than untreated soil. Results of CBR tests demonstrated that inclusion of DBSLW strips in soil with optimum amounts and size improved strength and deformation behavior of soils substantially. The proposed technique could be used to advantage in road construction, industrial yards, and building structure.
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Wang, Peixin, Xiaojie Hu, Qianjia He, Michael Waigi, Jian Wang, and Wanting Ling. "Using Calcination Remediation to Stabilize Heavy Metals and Simultaneously Remove Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 8 (August 13, 2018): 1731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081731.
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Co-contaminated soils containing heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are an environmental and human health risk. Research into the remediation of these soils is imperative. In this paper, a novel investigation utilizing calcination technique to stabilize heavy metals and simultaneously remove PAHs in soil was conducted. Calcination temperature (300–700 °C) was observed to play a dominant role in heavy metal stabilization and PAH removal in soils. However, calcination time (0.5–8 h) had no significant effect on these contaminants during calcination at different temperatures. Considering the remediation cycle requirements and economic costs of engineering, we suggested that the optimal calcination condition for Zn, Cu, naphthalene, and fluoranthene was at 700 °C for 0.5 h, and the corresponding stabilization or removal efficiency values were 96.95%, 98.41%, 98.49%, and 98.04%, respectively. Results indicate that calcination as a remedial strategy exhibits a bright future for practical applications in the simultaneous stabilization of heavy metals and PAH removal from co-contaminated sites.
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Vilhena, Ricardo Moreira, Márcia Maria dos Anjos Mascarenha, Renato Resende Angelim, Tomás da Rosa Simões, Renato Batista de Oliveira, and Marta Pereira da Luz. "Evaluation of Lime-Treated Lateritic Soil for Reservoir Shoreline Stabilization." Water 12, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): 3141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113141.
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Sedimentation is one of the major problems addressed by reservoir management, and requires extensive effort to control it. This paper aims to evaluate the efficiency of the soil–lime stabilization technique for reservoir shores. The treatment consisted of spraying hydrated lime in slurry form over the surface of a lateritic clay sample with 1, 2, and 4% lime solution and curing times of 1, 7, 28, and 56 days with air-drying and moist-room storage. In addition, a single test with less than 1% lime solution by weight percentage was carried out. The post-cured specimens were mapped with SEM and X-ray analyses. A wave flume test was performed in samples subjected to diverse conditions of lime content, type, and curing time. The results showed that the present technique produces a Ca-rich crust by carbonation rather than stabilizing it and that the lime content and type of curing generate improvements in soil loss reduction, but the curing time does not. The technique gave relative protection against water level variation and wave impacts, but it is necessary to consider a frequent application of lime on the lateritic soil.
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Dhar, Subhradeep, and Monowar Hussain. "Experimental Investigation on Strength and Bearing Capacity Improvement of a High Plasticity Clayey Subgrade Soil Using Lime." Key Engineering Materials 803 (May 2019): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.803.200.
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Limited connectivity and poor infrastructure of roads acts as a roadblocks hampering the socio-economic development of one region. In order to overall development of these regions an effort should be given to cultivate well established road network. But due to scarcity of good quality soil PWD engineers are often forced to build roads over the weak soil which directly affects the strength and durability of the road. It is therefore essential to improve the engineering properties of such problematic soil with suitable stabilization technique as and when encountered. Lime stabilization is one such well known chemical stabilization technique extensively used to improve the poor subgrade condition and it is recommended by several codes in INDIA. This paper attempts to study the effect of lime on strength and bearing capacity improvement of soft clayey soil. A series of UCS and CBR tests are conducted with different percentages of lime (i.e. 3, 5, 7 and 9%) and at different curing period to assess the potential of lime in strength improvement. Test results indicate that strength, stiffness and bearing capacity of the soil is considerably improved after lime amendment. Both unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California bearing ration (CBR) improved up to 7% of lime beyond that it decreases. The improvement of UCS and CBR is found approx three and five fold as compared to original soil. Underlying mechanisms of this improvement is further scrutinized by microstructural analysis such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) with Energy dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDAX). Apparent formation of some new peaks in XRD analysis and change of textural and structural morphology of clayey soils obtained from FESEM confirms the formation of cementitious compounds in the lime stabilized soil.
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Talluri, Nagasreenivasu, Anand J. Puppala, Bhaskar C. S. Chittoori, Ahmed H. Gaily, and Pat Harris. "Stabilization of High-Sulfate Soils by Extended Mellowing." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2363, no. 1 (January 2013): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2363-11.
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The use of lime to stabilize expansive soils has been the preferred technique for many years. However, heaving and premature pavement failures in lime-treated expansive subgrades containing sulfates led to the search for alternative stabilization techniques. Of the several techniques developed, precompaction mellowing has the potential to be effective in stabilizing sulfate-bearing soils. Yet this method needs experimental evaluation. In the current study, an attempt was made to assess the stabilization effectiveness of precompaction mellowing on high-sulfate soils. For this task, six natural expansive soils from Texas, with sulfate contents varying from 200 to 44,000 ppm, were collected. Soils with low-sulfate contents were spiked with additional sulfates to make them high-sulfate soils. Basic classification and chemical tests were performed to establish the clay mineralogy of the soils. Three mellowing periods (0, 3, and 7 days) were studied. The test soils were treated with lime and allowed to mellow for the specified periods. Following the mellowing, the samples were subjected to three-dimensional tests for volumetric swell, shrinkage, and unconfined compressive strength (UCS). To study the consumptions of alumina and silica during sulfate–soil–lime reactions, reactive alumina and silica measurements were also attempted. The authors observed that shrinkage was of no concern in treated soils because the shrinkage invariably reduced with lime treatment. In four of the six soils, precompaction mellowing reduced sulfate-induced swell to a level below the natural expansive swelling. The UCS strengths of treated soils decreased slightly with mellowing. Reasons for the anomaly in UCS strengths and ineffectiveness of precompaction mellowing in two soils were explained.
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Salwi, N. A. C. M., and N. Hamzah. "Soil Stabilization using Polypropylene Clamshell Food Containers." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1200, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1200/1/012031.
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Abstract Soil stabilization is the method of improving the physical properties of soil, such as shear strength and bearing capacity of the soil, by using controlled compaction or the addition of admixtures to produce an improved soil material that has all the desired engineering properties. The new technique of soil stabilization uses plastic waste as an alternative material is of outmost crucial since plastic wastes are non-biodegradable and remain intact after being buried in soil for many years. The present study is focused on investigating the effectiveness of utilizing polypropylene clamshell food containers as soil stabilizers. The physical properties of the untreated clayey soil are determined by conducting moisture content, specific gravity, particle size distribution, and the Atterberg limit test. Also, the Standard Proctor compaction test, as well as the unconfined compressive strength test, are carried out to determine the compaction and strength parameters of the soil sample before and after reinforcing with different percentages of polypropylene clamshell food container strips such as 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.2%. Findings from this study indicate that the addition of polypropylene clamshell food container strips in the clayey soil is capable of becoming a soil stabilizer agent as the optimum compressive strength of the soil was achieved with replacement of 0.8% of plastic strips, along with increasing the Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) while decreasing the Maximum Dry Density (MDD). Successful implementation of polypropylene plastic in soil stabilization can help minimize the volume of plastic waste in the environment, which then leads to developing a sustainable future by utilizing recyclable material as alternative sources in the geotechnical field.
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Gu, Lan, Jia Rong Gao, Yan Wang, Bin Tian Qian, and Yue Wang. "Soil Bioengineering - A New Technique to Generate Riverbank Restoration." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 1795–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.1795.
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Soil bioengineering is a kind of engineering by using living plant materials to construct the structures with some engineering and ecological functions, which can provide an effective means for the slope stabilization and site restoration of river banks. Experimental site in Liuli River proves that Salix cheilophila Schneid and Salix alba var. tristis are good materials to obtain near-natural riverbank restoration. Soil bioengineering measures of live staking, live fascines and brush layers are effective. After periods time of project implementation, significant effectiveness was obtained on slope stability, habitat improvement, and ecological restoration of river banks. This can provide guidelines for selecting materials and methods to control riverbank erosion. It was concluded that the approach could be widely applied in ecological riverbank restoration in China.
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Thyagaraj, T., Sudhakar M. Rao, P. Sai Suresh, and U. Salini. "Laboratory Studies on Stabilization of an Expansive Soil by Lime Precipitation Technique." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 24, no. 8 (August 2012): 1067–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0000483.
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Ranjan, Rishi, and Rakesh Pratap Singh. "Impact on the Geotechnical Properties of Soil mixed with Terrazyme." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1273, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1273/1/012016.
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Abstract The financial sustainability and serviceability of any project after standard performance are the most crucial requirements in emerging nations like India. Hence there is a need to find the best possible ways to satisfy the performance as well as economic criteria. The stabilization of soil with bio-enzyme is a revolutionary technique which becoming popular worldwide. Recently there are many bio-enzymes available for soil stabilization such as Fujibeton, renolith, Perma-Zyme, Terrazyme, etc. These enzymes have been proven to be very effective and economical as well as environment friendly in nature. The efficiency of bio-enzyme depends upon the amount of dosage, types of soil and curing period. One such type of bio-enzyme, Terrazyme has been used in the present work. This study shows the effect of Terrazyme on stabilization of soil. Including the improvement in unconfined compressive strength, shear strength and the Atterberg’s limits. The enzyme treated soil shows significant improvement in strength parameters of soil and little improvement in liquid and plastic limit of the soil.
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Vasconcelos de Menezes, Epaminondas, Rerison Laian Barbosa de França, Igor Bezerra de Lima, David Barbosa de Alencar, Francisco Carlos Tavares Amorim, Aline Dos Santos Pedraça, and Camily Murrieta Vasconcelos Oliveira Bezerra. "Talud Stabilization of Bird House Residential in Manaus City." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 9 (September 30, 2019): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss9.1719.
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Slope stabilization techniques have been increasingly used in the field, mainly due to high market values for land in large urban centers. With this, the technical feasibility study guarantees the application of the best solution for each case. From this context, we sought to verify the best method of containment by means of a case study according to the parameters of soil resistance, cohesion and angle of friction at the residence Morada dos Pássaros in Manaus - AM. The methodology used was of an exploratory nature with a case study, where in the first phase the topographic survey of the study area was carried out. In the second phase, it was sought to plan the location of the holes, according to ABNT NBR 8036 (1983). for the accomplishment and technical follow-up of the investigation of the soil in the place by means of the test of percussion to the percussion - SPT and in the 3º phase was characterized by means of physical and mechanical laboratory test with the collection of material. Considering the collected data, it is noticed that the soil is with 3% of plasticity, concluding that a soil with plasticity below 7% loses the capacity to be molded and to become brittle. Therefore, it is concluded that the best technique to be used is geosynthetics, both in cost and in soil absorption, due to the feasibility of redistribution of stresses and slope deformations.
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Kumawat, Hansraj. "Stabilization of Soil Using Concrete Slush Waste and Polyester Fibres." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 6 (June 30, 2023): 4024–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.54376.
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Abstract: Soil stabilization is a technique used in civil engineering to enhance the engineering properties of soil so that it can withstand large loads without shear failure. Many chemicals, by products and waste materials can be utilized for stabilization. In the present work, the behavior of soil after addition of the Concrete Slush Waste (varying proportion 4%, 8% and 12%) and Polyester Fibre (varying proportion 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.0%; length 40 mm) was studied at different proportion and then various soil properties like Optimum Moisture Content, Maximum Dry Density, California Bearing Ratio, and Unconfined Compressive Strength values were determined. To conclude the current experimental research, it was ascertained that a combination of Concrete Slush Waste and Polyester Fibre can be used to improve the various engineering properties of soil.
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Kumar, Bojja Vinod, Anuja Charpe, N. R. Krishnamurthy, and Ashwin Raut. "Effect of bio-cementation process on sandy soil." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1086, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1086/1/012017.
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Abstract Microorganisms are used in microbial geo-technology to amend the stability and bearing capacity of soil. In this research, bio-cementation process is induced in sand by using the microbial solution, calcium hydroxide and urea to enhance the physical features of the soil. Stabilization of buildings built on sandy soils using cementitious materials is an effective technique utilized all over the world to boost bearing capacity. The microbial solution was prepared using different natural elements and the sandy soil is cured in the solution for different intervals. The effects of mechanical properties of the sandy soil were observed. The parameters like California bearing ratio, direct shear strength and water permeability test were tested. Considerable improvement was observed in the various properties of sandy soil.
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Srinivasa Reddy, V., K. Hema Latha, Ravulaparthi Sudha Lahari, and M. V. Seshagiri Rao. "Bio-Mediated Sandy Soil Stabilization Using Urease Enzymatic Calcite Precipitation: A Sustainable Solution." E3S Web of Conferences 184 (2020): 01113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018401113.
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A recently developing bacteria based soil-stabilization technique inspired from microbially impelled calcite precipitation phenomena is verified for geo-technical applications. This phenomena make use of the metabolic mechanics of microorganisms to produce calcite precipitation all through soil matrix enhancing the soil’s engineering properties. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and soil hydraulic conductivity or permeability is evaluated to validate the formation of mineral precipitates between and around soil grains. Due to metabolic process of bacteria calcite minerals are generated binding the soil particles together reducing the voids volume and diameter subsequently a dense microstructure is formed. This improvement of soil homogeneity reduces the hydraulic conductivity and increase the unconfined compression strength of bacteria-treated soil samples. From the results of experimental investigations it is confirmed that mineral precipitation biologically proves to be an effective and efficient method of soil stabilization in increasing the stiffness and permeability of soil samples considered for study.
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Al-Baghdadi, Nadher Hassan. "STABILIZATION OF EARTH SLOPES BY USING SOIL NAILING." Kufa Journal of Engineering 5, no. 1 (January 15, 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30572/2018/kje/511237.
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The basic concept of soil nailing is to reinforce and strengthen the existing round by installing closely spaced steel bars, called “Nails”, into a slope as construction proceeds from “top-down”. This process creates a reinforced section that is in itself stable and able to retain the ground behind it. Soil nailing technique is used to support new very steep cuts with advantage of strengthening the slope with excessive earth works to provide construction access and working associated with commonly used retaining systems. In the present research work a parametric study has been made using commercial computer program “Slide 6“, which utilize different methods for solving slope stability problem, Bishop method has been used herein to analyze un nailed and nailed slopes with granular soil, different slope heights and angles have been considered. Some of nails parameters have been studied herein, positions of nail, length of nail, angle of nail inclination, and nail spacing. The optimum length of nail depends on height and angle of slope. The optimum angle of nail is found to be ranged between (10-25) degree down from the horizon, but it’s also relates with the angle of slope. The spacing of nail was found to be (1 m) to give the best improvement of F.S.
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Zhang, Chenxu, Jiamei Wu, and Jian Cao. "Combined Remediation towards Cadmium–Arsenic-Contaminated Soil via Phytoremediation and Stabilization." Resources 12, no. 9 (September 7, 2023): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources12090109.
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Using a phytoremediation technique for soil remediation usually takes many years, which increases the risk that heavy metals spread into the environment during the project period. Currently, the combined remediation technique (phytoremediation and stabilization) is known as the solution to reduce this risk. In this study, the combined remediation of cadmium–arsenic-contaminated soil via phytoremediation and stabilization was studied. The pot experiment was carried out using modified fly ash (MFA) and solid waste material (steel slag (SS): pyrolusite (PY): ferrous sulfide (FS) = 1:2:8) as stabilization materials and Bidens pilosa as the accumulative plant. The characteristics of B. pilosa, including its water content, biomass, root length, plant height, and heavy metal content, were obtained after harvesting, and the reduction rate of the bioavailability of Cd and As and their physico-chemical properties, including the pH, Eh, and Ec values of the soil, were also measured. The remediation effect was evaluated according to the above indexes, and the mechanism of combined remediation was studied through the FTIR, XRD, and XPS analyses. These experiments have shown that adding an appropriate amount of MFA can enhance the absorption of heavy metals by plants in the soil and reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals in contaminated soil. In addition, the mechanism study revealed that Cd2+/Cd(OH)+ was easily adsorbed on Si-OH and MnOOH, while AsO43− was more easily adsorbed on Fe-OH and Al-OH.
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Ahalya, A., and K. S. R. Prasad. "Stabilization of black cotton soil with waste plastic and admixtures." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1130, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1130/1/012038.
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Abstract Black cotton soil is inorganic clay formed mainly in regions with poor drainage conditions. However, it is considered a problematic soil in the field of geotechnical engineering because it has high swelling and shrinking nature depending upon the weather conditions. So, one of the most common methods to improve the characteristics of the soil is the stabilizing procedure, which lessens soil settlement and can increase shear strength. The addition of lime is a common technique. It has been shown that adding lime to soil enhances its technical qualities. In the current study, an effort has been made to stabilize the soil by using PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), Bagasse ash, and Rice husk ash in the percentages of 2 to 8 is used because it has a tendency to enhance the black cotton soil’s current qualities and also utilization of polymeric materials improves the eco-system and decrease the environmental pollution. As It is increasing day by day leading to various environmental concerns.
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Ali, Nawar Aqeel, and Mahdi O. Karkush. "Improvement of Unconfined Compressive Strength of Soft Clay using Microbial Calcite Precipitates." Journal of Engineering 27, no. 3 (February 27, 2021): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2021.03.05.
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The precipitation of calcite induced via microorganisms (MICP) is a technique that has been developed as an innovative sustainable ground improvement method utilizing ureolytic bacteria to soil strengthening and stabilization. Locally isolated Bacillus Sonorensis from Iraqi soil samples were found to have high abilities in producing urease. This study aims to use the MICP technique in improving the undrained shear strength of soft clay soil using two native urease producing bacteria that help in the precipitation of calcite to increase the cementation between soil particles. Three concentrations of each of the locally prepared Bacillus sonorensis are used in this study for cementation reagent (0.25M, 0.5M, and 1M) during the period of treatment. The results showed that the native isolated bacteria have high activity in bindings the soil particles together. The results of unconfined compressive strength tests showed that using MICP helps increase the undrained shear strength of soil by (3-5 times) for C11 types of native isolates, but the D11 was (1.5-2 times) because two types have different activity. This study's main finding is using the native urease-producing bacteria isolated from Iraqi soil in the MICP technique for the biocementation of soil, which is considered one of the sustainable techniques in the construction industry.
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Yousefpour, Negin, Zenon Medina-Cetina, Francisco Hernandez-Martinez, and Abir Al-Tabbaa. "Stiffness and Strength of Stabilized Organic Soils—Part II/II: Parametric Analysis and Modeling with Machine Learning." Geosciences 11, no. 5 (May 17, 2021): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11050218.
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Predicting the range of achievable strength and stiffness from stabilized soil mixtures is critical for engineering design and construction, especially for organic soils, which are often considered “unsuitable” due to their high compressibility and the lack of knowledge about their mechanical behavior after stabilization. This study investigates the mechanical behavior of stabilized organic soils using machine learning (ML) methods. ML algorithms were developed and trained using a database from a comprehensive experimental study (see Part I), including more than one thousand unconfined compression tests on organic clay samples stabilized by wet soil mixing (WSM) technique. Three different ML methods were adopted and compared, including two artificial neural networks (ANN) and a linear regression method. ANN models proved reliable in the prediction of the stiffness and strength of stabilized organic soils, significantly outperforming linear regression models. Binder type, mixing ratio, soil organic and water content, sample size, aging, temperature, relative humidity, and carbonation were the control variables (input parameters) incorporated into the ML models. The impacts of these factors were evaluated through rigorous ANN-based parametric analyses. Additionally, the nonlinear relations of stiffness and strength with these parameters were developed, and their optimum ranges were identified through the ANN models. Overall, the robust ML approach presented in this paper can significantly improve the mixture design for organic soil stabilization and minimize the experimental cost for implementing WSM in engineering projects.
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Putra, Heriansyah, Hideaki Yasuhara, Erizal, Sutoyo, and Muhammad Fauzan. "Review of Enzyme-Induced Calcite Precipitation as a Ground-Improvement Technique." Infrastructures 5, no. 8 (August 5, 2020): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures5080066.
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Calcite-induced precipitation methods (CIPMs) have recently become potential techniques in geotechnical engineering for improving the shear strength of sandy soil. One of the most promising methods among them is enzyme-induced calcite precipitation (EICP). In this technique, a mixed solution composed of reagents and the urease enzyme, which produces calcite, is utilized as the grouting material. The precipitated calcite in granular soil provides ties among the grains of soil and limits their mobility, thus promoting an improvement in strength and stiffness and also a reduction in the hydraulic conductivity of sandy soil. This paper discusses the potential increase in the strength and stiffness of the soil, the additional materials for grouting, the effect of these materials on the treatment process, and the engineering properties of the soil. The possible sources of the urease enzyme and the applicability of the EICP method to other soil types are also discussed in this paper. The environmental and economic impacts of the application of EICP are also presented. The envisioned plans for application, potential advantages, and limitations of EICP for soil stabilization are discussed. Finally, the primary challenges and opportunities for development in future research are briefly addressed.
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Bartz, James R., C. Derek Martin, and Michael T. Hendry. "Design procedure for landslide stabilization using sheet pile ribs." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 56, no. 4 (April 2019): 514–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2018-0082.
Full textAbstract:
A design procedure was developed for a relatively unknown slope stabilization technique consisting of a series of parallel sheet piles installed parallel to the direction of slope movement. This technique was introduced in Alberta by R.M. Hardy in the 1970s and is locally referred to as “Hardy Ribs.” A case study is discussed where Canadian National (CN) Rail installed Hardy Ribs to stabilize a landslide affecting its rail line in western Manitoba. A proposed design procedure is discussed that consists of a de-coupled approach with a separate limit equilibrium slope stability analysis and laterally loaded pile analysis using p–y curves, where p is the soil reaction per unit length and y is the lateral deflection of the pile, to model the soil–pile interaction. Example calculations are provided for the proposed design procedure for the CN case study site to illustrate its use and to estimate the stabilizing effect from the Hardy Ribs at this site.
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Tchakalova, Boriana. "Effect of clay content on strength and permeability of plastic loess-cement." Geologica Balcanica 48, no. 2 (August 2019): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/geolbalc.48.2.25.
Full textAbstract:
Plastic soil-cement is a type of soil stabilization used for the treatment of natural soil to improve its engineering properties. It is a hardened material prepared by mixing soil and Portland cement at a water content higher than optimum, usually near the liquid limit, without compaction at optimum water content to maximum dry density. In Bulgaria, this soil stabilization technique has been applied in foundation works in collapsible loess ground in order to replace a part of the collapsible layer, to increase the bearing capacity of the soil base and/or to isolate the geoenvironment from migration of pollutants. The aim of the current paper is to examine the effect of the clay content of the loess soil on the strength and permeability of plastic loess-cement. Results from the investigation indicate that the mechanical and hydraulic properties of the plastic loess-cement highly depend on the presence of clay fraction.