Academic literature on the topic 'SOIL STABILIZATION TECHNIQUE'
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Journal articles on the topic "SOIL STABILIZATION TECHNIQUE"
1
Hamzah, Hazamaah Nur, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Heah Cheng Yong, Mohd Remy Rozainy Arif Zainol, and Kamarudin Hussin. "Review of Soil Stabilization Techniques: Geopolymerization Method one of the New Technique." Key Engineering Materials 660 (August 2015): 298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.660.298.
Full textAbstract:
This paper studies the effectiveness of soil stabilizer on the problematic soil or soft soil. It is subjected to instability and massive primary and long term consolidation settlements when subjected to even moderate load increases. The purpose of this study is to review the techniques and materials that have been used in the soil stabilization by previous researchers. The performance of the soil stabilizer for stabilization by means of strength has been highlighted in this study. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test was carried out on stabilized soil samples and the results that obtained were discussed. The use of these techniques and materials may provide an inexpensive and advantageous construction process. As a conclusion, the strength of soil can be increased by using these materials and techniques in soil stabilization. This paper gives a comprehensive report on stabilization techniques and materials that have been used for soft soil and also discuss the potential of geopolymerization technology to be one of the new soil stabilization techniques.
2
Danu, Ritiksha. "Innovative Techniques for Soil Stabilization in Civil Engineering." Mathematical Statistician and Engineering Applications 70, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 646–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/msea.v70i1.2519.
Full textAbstract:
Soil stabilization is a critical aspect of civil engineering that aims to enhance the mechanical properties and stability of soil, thus enabling it to support the construction of various infrastructure projects. Over the years, researchers and engineers have continually sought innovative techniques to improve soil stabilization methods, leading to the development of several effective and sustainable solutions. This abstract provides an overview of some of the innovative techniques for soil stabilization in civil engineering, highlighting their principles, advantages, and potential applications.One innovative technique gaining attention in soil stabilization is the use of geosynthetics. Geosynthetics are synthetic materials specifically designed for geotechnical applications. They include geotextiles, geogrids, geocells, and geomembranes. Geosynthetics offer various benefits, such as reinforcing the soil, reducing soil erosion, improving drainage, and increasing the bearing capacity of weak soils. They can be used in different configurations based on project requirements, making them versatile and adaptable to a wide range of soil stabilization applications.
3
Heeralal, M., Pandu Kurre, and G. V. Praveen. "Soil stabilization using lime precipitation technique." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 9, no. 11 (2018): 1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2018.01612.1.
Full text
4
Mangnejo, D. A., S. J. Oad, S. A. Kalhoro, S. Ahmed, F. H. Laghari, and Z. A. Siyal. "Numerical Analysis of Soil Slope Stabilization by Soil Nailing Technique." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 4 (August 10, 2019): 4469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2859.
Full textAbstract:
Slope instability may be a result of change in stress conditions, rise in groundwater table and rainfall. Similarly, many slopes that have been stable for several years can abruptly fail due to changes in geometry, weak soil shear strength or as the effect of an external force. Debris flows (i.e. slope failures) take place without any warning and can have devastating results. So, it is vital to understand the slope failure mechanism and adopt safety prevention measures. Soil nailing is one of the widely used stabilization techniques for soil slopes. In this study, soil nail technique is proposed to upgrade the existing slope in clay. A parametric study was conducted to understand the effects of different nail diameter (i.e. 25mm and 40mm) and nail inclination (i.e. 200, 250, 300, 350 and 400) on slope stability. Morgenstern-Price (i.e. limit equilibrium) method was used to determine the factor of safety of the slope. It was found that the factor of safety of the existing slope improved significantly with three rows of 40mm diameter nail at an inclination of 400.
5
Sheikh, Saddam, Ashutosh Mohod, Safal Sahare, Chandrakant Karambe, Anshul Raut, Bhavna Bhendarkar, and Rahul Jichkar. "Soil Stabilization by Using Inorganic Waste." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 615–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41299.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: Soil stabilization is a process which improves the physical properties of soil, such as increasing shear strength, bearing capacity etc. which can be done by use of controlled compaction or addition of suitable admixtures like bituminous, lime and waste materials like plastic ,fly ash, phosphor gypsum etc. This new technique of soil stabilization can be effectively used to meet the challenges of society, to reduce the quantities of waste, producing useful material from non-useful waste materials. Plastic such as shopping waste bottles and bitumen is used to as a reinforcement to perform the CBR studies while mixing with soil for improving engineering performance of sub grade soil. Plastic strips obtained from waste plastic were mixed randomly with the soil. A series of California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests ,unconfined compressive strength test(UCS) were carried out on randomly reinforced soil by varying percentage of plastic and bitumen respectively with different proportions. Results of CBR tests demonstrated that inclusion of waste plastic strips in soil with appropriate amounts improved strength and deformation behavior of sub grade soils substantially. Keywords: CBR, Plastic bottle, Plastic bag, Bitumen, Soil Stabilization
6
Ambagade, Shreya. "Effect of Marble Dust & Rice Husk Ash to Stabilize Expansive Soil." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 5102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36035.
Full textAbstract:
Soil Stabilization is the alteration of soils to enhance their physical properties. Stabilization can increase the shear strength of a soil and/or control the shrink-swell properties of a soil, thus improving the load bearing capacity of a sub-grade to support pavements and foundations. The Engineering Properties of soil are depended on the many points like minerals, water table, soil water behaviour etc. which vary as per area to area. Due to which we can’t get desire properties suitable to our needs of construction. To resolve this problem, we have technique called stabilization which means to stable or to modify or to improve the soil properties in positive manner. So, we can have a construction works which fulfil our needs and objective.
7
Bushman, William H., Thomas E. Freeman, and Edward J. Hoppe. "Stabilization Techniques for Unpaved Roads." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1936, no. 1 (January 2005): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193600104.
Full textAbstract:
An amendment to Virginia House Bill 1400, Item 490, No. 1h, calls for the Virginia Transportation Research Council to “continue its evaluation of soil stabilizers as an alternative to paving low-volume secondary roads.” In response, promising soil stabilization products were evaluated with the relatively new technique of deeply mixing chemical additives into unpaved roadbeds. This work is based on the construction of a 1.75-m-long trial installation on Old Wheatland Road in Loudoun County, where seven commercially available stabilization products were applied to the unpaved road. A rigorous evaluation of treatment performance will provide the basis for recommendations to the Virginia Department of Transportation's operating divisions regarding improvements to the maintenance practices for gravel roads. Results thus far indicate that the introduction of soil stabilizers through deep mixing is a promising technique. The life-cycle cost analysis indicates that constructing a standard bituminous surface-treated roadway and maintaining it as such is much more cost-effective than using any of the products in this trial. Further, the analysis indicates that using the bituminous surface treatment alternative is also much more cost-effective than maintaining an unpaved road.
8
Zhang, Changsong, Xueke Zang, Zhenxue Dai, Xiaoying Zhang, and Ziqi Ma. "Remediation Techniques for Cadmium-Contaminated Dredged River Sediments after Land Disposal." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 28, 2021): 6093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116093.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the remediation techniques of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated dredged river sediments after land disposal in a city in East China. Three remediation techniques, including stabilization, soil leaching, and phytoremediation, are compared by analyzing the performance of the techniques for Cd-contaminated soil remediation. The experimental results showed that the stabilization technique reduced the leaching rate of soil Cd from 33.3% to 14.3%, thus effectively reducing the biological toxicity of environmental Cd, but the total amount of Cd in soil did not decrease. Leaching soil with citric acid and oxalic acid achieved Cd removal rates of 90.1% and 92.4%, respectively. Compared with these two remediation techniques, phytoremediation was more efficient and easier to implement and had less secondary pollution, but it took more time, usually several years. In this study, these three remediation techniques were analyzed and discussed from technical, economic, and environmental safety perspectives by comprehensively considering the current status and future plans of the study site. Soil leaching was found to be the best technique for timely treatment of Cd contamination in dredged river sediments after land disposal.
9
Kopiika, Nadiia, and Yuriy Petrenko. "Analysis of the Weak Soil Behavior, Modified Through Cementation." Advanced Journal of Graduate Research 7, no. 1 (October 20, 2019): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ajgr.7.1.27-36.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the study is to conduct thorough theoretical research and literature overview regarding possible ways of soil stabilization on the basis of this practice increasing demand. In particular an emphasis is made on the chemical technique for weak soils strengthening, due to its prevalence and various practical and economic advantages. Great amount of promiscuous data was analyzed and organized; in addition on its basis an attempt is made to provide convincing calculation technique for further usage in engineering soils` stabilization practice. Besides, various factors which could influence on the results` accuracy are identified with corresponding recommendations for further possible research on this issue.
10
Foda, Tasneem, A. Abdelkader, and Hassan Ibrahim. "A Review of Soil Stabilization Using Stone Columns Technique." Delta University Scientific Journal 6, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/dusj.2023.291006.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "SOIL STABILIZATION TECHNIQUE"
1
Tatarniuk, Catherine. "Deep soil mixing as a slope stabilization technique in Northland Allochthon residual clay soil." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9648.
Full textAbstract:
Road slips are common in Northland Allochthon residual clay soil, and are commonly mitigated using deep soil mixing (DSM). A deficiency in laboratory investigations on Northland Allochthon residual clay and a need for a better understanding of the numerical modelling of DSM columns used to mitigate unstable slopes in this soil type is evident in literature, and has been highlighted by practitioners. This research has aimed to fill aspects of these deficiencies.
Field testing and classification tests have provided insight into how the soil varies between sites and with depth, and how in situ testing methods compare to one another. Field testing has also demonstrated that soil property changes around DSM columns have been shown to exist through seismic flat plate dilatometer testing before and after column installation, which has not previously been proven using an in situ method. This is important for practitioners who use DSM to demonstrate the additional soil improvements provided by the columns.
The testing of reconstituted soil is fundamental in examining soil behaviour, and this study is the first to examine the triaxial behaviour of reconstituted specimens of Northland Allochthon soil. Laboratory triaxial testing and oedometer testing have allowed for a normalized comparison of the intact strength of Northland Allochthon residual clay soil to its reconstituted state. This work provides an answer to the important question regarding the role of soil structure in this soil type. It was revealed that soil structure results in increased shear strength of the soil, and that this increase is primarily cohesive in nature. The near coincidence of the post-rupture strength of intact specimens with the critical state angle of internal shearing resistance provides support for its use in examining first time slope failures in this soil type. This is an important finding for practitioners, as it demonstrates the value of testing reconstituted specimens, which are much easier to obtain than high quality intact specimens. In addition, relationships between the plasticity index (PI) of the soil and certain soil parameters (and soil behaviour) have been demonstrated to be relevant and useful for this soil type.
Soil properties acquired in this study were tabulated along with those from other field sites in Northland Allochthon soil. It was found that there is significant variation between field sites, likely due to varying degrees of weathering, which is an important consideration for practitioners dealing with this soil type.
A brief examination of constitutive models for representation of Northland Allochthon residual clay soil have shown that several different models can sufficiently represent the behaviour of this soil. The Mohr-Coulomb model was selected for use in subsequent finite element numerical models. A case study of a road slip at a field site in Northland Allochthon residual clay soil, mitigated using DSM columns, revealed that the use of a pre-existing slip surface after first time failure leads to an improved match between observed field behaviour and the behaviour of the slope as exhibited in a numerical model. This type of failure mechanism has not been previously examined in this soil type, and this case study demonstrates it is a useful approach that should be considered when dealing with second time failure in Northland Allochthon slopes. This numerical model also introduces the replacement ratio method (RRM), a technique used to represent the three dimensional (3D) geometry of the DSM columns in the more commonly used two dimensional (2D) analysis.
Examination of laterally loaded DSM columns in plan view, which has not previously been performed in the context of DSM columns, has illustrated how installation effects and column shape influence load displacement curves, and demonstrates the effects of soil arching. This analysis provides practitioners with evidence that improved soil property changes, found to occur around DSM columns, lead to improved DSM column performance. A simplified 3D numerical model of laterally loaded DSM columns, which builds on the ideas developed in the previous two 2D models, has been compared to an identical 2D model. It is shown that the commonly used RRM results in an overestimation of the resisting force provided by the columns as compared to the 3D model. However, this does not necessarily imply that the use of the RRM in an analysis will always result in a safe slope. The degree to which its use will affect the results will depend on the slope geometry, location of the DSM columns, and the type of analysis performed (i.e. factor of safety or deformation based). A modification to the RRM has been proposed. It is recommended that when the DSM column diameter and soil properties are similar to those used in this study, the MRRM developed in this study should be utilized. In circumstances where they differ, it is recommended that practitioners perform a sensitivity analysis using the MRRM developed here as a basis for modifying the RRM in order to determine the extent to which their results are influenced. If the influence is significant, the use of a 3D model should be considered.
2
Negim, Osama. "New Technique for Soil Reclamation and Conservation: In Situ Stabilization of Trace Elements in Contaminated Soils." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00408020.
Full textAbstract:
L'accumulation de métaux toxiques dans le sol est principalement héritée de matériaux parents ou d'éléments résultant de l'activité humaine. Par conséquent, de nouvelles techniques sont en cours d'élaboration pour remédier à ces contaminations dans les sols pollués, telles que la phytoremédiation et la stabilisation in situ. La stabilisation in situ est une technique commune de réduction des effets négatifs des métaux et métalloïdes, tels que As, Cr, Cu, Cd et Zn dans les sols contaminés par l'ajout d'amendements. L'application de matières alcalines telles que les laitiers d'aciéries et un laitier modifié enrichie en phosphates dans le sol constitue un outil prometteur pour la réduction de la mobilité et la biodisponibilité des éléments traces dans les sols contaminés ainsi que pour l'assainissement du sol et l'amélioration de ses propriétés physique, chimique et minéralogique, ainsi que la production végétale.
3
Venkata, Swamy B. "Stabilisation Of Black Cotton Soil By Lime Piles." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/219.
Full textAbstract:
Modification of black cotton soils by chemical admixtures is a common method for stabilizing the swell-shrink tendency of expansive soils. Advantages of chemical stabilization are that they reduce the swell-shrink tendency of the expansive soils and also render the soils less plastic. Among the chemical stabilization methods for expansive soils, lime stabilization is most widely adopted method for improving the swell-shrink characteristics of expansive soils.
Lime stabilization of clays in field is achieved by shallow mixing of lime and soil or by deep stabilization technique. Shallow stabilization involves scarifying the soil to the required depth and lime in powder or slurry form is spread and mixed with the soil using a rotovator. The use of lime as deep stabilizer has been mainly restricted to improve the engineering behaviour of soft clays Deep stabilization using lime can be divided in three main groups: lime columns, lime piles and lime slurry injection. Lime columns refer to creation of deep vertical columns of lime stabilized material. Lime piles are usually holes in the ground filled with lime. Lime slurry pressure injection, as the name suggests, involves the introduction of a lime slurry into the ground under pressure.
Literature review brings out that lime stabilization of expansive clays in field is mainly performed by mixing of lime and soil up to shallow depths. The use of lime as deep stabilizer has been mainly restricted to improve the engineering behaviour of soft clays. Use of lime in deep stabilization of expansive soils however has not been given due attention. There exists a definite need to examine methods for deep stabilization of expansive soils to prevent the deeper soil layers from causing distress to the structures in response to the seasonal climatic variations. In addition, there exists a need for in-situ soil stabilization using lime in case of distressed structures founded on expansive soil deposits.
The physical mixing of lime and soil in shallow stabilization method ensures efficient contact between lime and clay particles of the soil. It however has limitation in terms of application as it is only suited for stabilization of expansive soils to relatively shallow depths. Studies available have not compared the relative efficiency of the lime pile technique and lime-soil mixing method in altering the physico-chemical, index and engineering properties of expansive black cotton soils.
To achieve the above objectives laboratory experiments are performed that study:
1. the efficacy of lime piles in stabilizing compacted black cotton soil specimens from
Chitradurga District in Karnataka. The efficiency of lime piles in chemically stabilizing
the compacted black cotton soil mass was investigated as a function of:
a)amount of lime contained in the lime pile
b)radial migration of lime from the central lime pile
c)migration of lime as a function of soil depth
2. the relative impact of the lime pile technique and lime-soil mixing method in altering the
physico-chemical, index and engineering properties of expansive black cotton soil.
The organization of this thesis is as follows
After the first introductory chapter, a detailed review of literature performed towards highlighting the need to examine stabilization of expansive soils using lime pile technique is brought out in Chapter 2.
Chapter 3 presents a detailed experimental programme of the study. 25 mm and 75 mm diameter lime piles were installed in the compacted soil mass to study the influence of amount of lime contained in the lime pile on the soil properties. The amount of quick lime contained in the 25 mm and 75 mm lime piles corresponded to 1 % and 3 % by dry weight of the soil mass respectively. Radial and vertical migration of lime from the central lime pile was examined by sampling soil specimens at different radial distances from the central lime pile and at different depths of soil sample. At a given depth and radial distance, migration of lime was estimated by comparing the exchangeable cation composition, pH and pore salinity of the treated soil with that of the natural (untreated) black cotton soil specimen. Alterations in the soil engineering properties at a given depth and radial distance were evaluated by comparing the index properties, swell potential and unconfined compressive strength of the lime pile treated soil specimen with those of the untreated specimen. To compare the relative efficiency of lime mixing and lime pile technique in altering the swelling behaviour of black cotton soil, batches of black cotton soil specimens were treated with 1 % and 3 % quick lime on dry soil weight basis. The compacted soil-lime mixes were cured at moisture contents of 31-34 % for a period of 10 days. The physico-chemical, index and engineering properties of the 1 % lime mixed specimens are compared with those of the 25 mm lime pile treated specimens. The properties of the 3 % lime mixed soil specimens are compared with those of the 75 mm lime pile treated specimens.
Chapter 4 examines the efficacy of lime piles in stabilizing compacted black cotton soil specimens from Chitradurga District in Karnataka. Experimental results showed that controlling the swell potential of deep expansive soil deposits is possible by the lime pile technique. Treatment with lime pile caused migration of dissociated calcium and hydroxyl ions into the surrounding soil mass. In case of 25 mm lime pile, the experimental setup allowed measurement of migration of lime up to three times the lime pile diameter. In case of 75 mm lime pile, the experimental setup allowed measurement of migration of lime up to 1.6 times pile diameter. In both experiments, migration of lime was also uniform through out the soil depth of 280 mm. Migration of calcium and hydroxyl ions increased the pore salinity and pH of the treated soil mass. The increase in pH caused clustering of additional exchangeable calcium ions at the negative clay particle edges. The increased pore salinity and exchangeable calcium ions reduced the diffuse ion layer thickness that in turn suppressed the plasticity index and the swell potential of the compacted expansive soil. The laboratory results hence bring out that lime pile treatment in the field can substantially reduce the swell potential of the soil at least to a radial extent of 2 to 3 times the lime pile diameter.
The 75 mm lime pile contained lime content in excess of the initial consumption of lime (ICL) value of the black cotton soil - namely 2.6 %. Laboratory results showed that migration of hydroxyl ions even from the 75 mm pile could not elevate the soil pH to levels required for soil-lime pozzoIonic reactions (pH ≥12). The very low solubility of lime in water (< 1 g/litre) and the impervious nature of the black cotton soil are considered to have impeded efficient interactions between lime and soil in course of treatment of the expansive soil with lime piles. Absence of soil-lime pozzolonic reactions precluded the formation of cementation compounds in the lime pile treated soil specimens. Cementation compounds formed by the soil-lime pozzolonic reactions are responsible for the much higher strengths of lime stabilized soils. Consequently, treatment with 25 mm pile had no impact on the unconfined compressive strength of the black cotton soil. Comparatively, treatment with 75 mm lime pile slightly increased the strength of the treated soil due to increased inter-particle attraction and particle flocculation.
Chapter 5 compares the relative efficiency of the lime pile technique and lime-soil mixing method in altering the physico-chemical, index and engineering properties of expansive black cotton soil. Experimental results showed that mixing of soil and lime promote stronger chemical interactions between lime released hydroxyl ions and clay particles than that achieved by diffusion of lime from a central lime pile. The more alkaline pH of the lime mixed soil specimens rendered the clay particle edges more negative. Consequently, more calcium ions were adsorbed at the clay particle edges of the lime mixed soil specimens imparting them higher exchangeable calcium contents than the lime pile treated soil specimens. Also, at 3 % lime addition, the pH of the lime-mixed soil was sufficiently high (in excess of 12) to cause dissolution of silica and alumina from the clay lattice necessary for the formation of cementation compounds. The stronger lime modification reactions plus the lime-soil pozzolonic reactions (applicable for soil treated with lime content greater than ICL value) achieved by the lime mixing technique rendered the expansive soil much less plastic, much less expansive and much stronger than the lime pile treated specimens. The results of the laboratory study hence suggest that if a choice exists in the field between conventional method of spreading-mixing-compacting of soil-lime mixes and treating the ground with lime piles, the former technique should be adopted because of its greater efficacy in stabilizing the expansive soil.
Chapter 6 summarizes the findings of the study.
4
Venkata, Swamy B. "Stabilisation Of Black Cotton Soil By Lime Piles." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/219.
Full textAbstract:
Modification of black cotton soils by chemical admixtures is a common method for stabilizing the swell-shrink tendency of expansive soils. Advantages of chemical stabilization are that they reduce the swell-shrink tendency of the expansive soils and also render the soils less plastic. Among the chemical stabilization methods for expansive soils, lime stabilization is most widely adopted method for improving the swell-shrink characteristics of expansive soils.
Lime stabilization of clays in field is achieved by shallow mixing of lime and soil or by deep stabilization technique. Shallow stabilization involves scarifying the soil to the required depth and lime in powder or slurry form is spread and mixed with the soil using a rotovator. The use of lime as deep stabilizer has been mainly restricted to improve the engineering behaviour of soft clays Deep stabilization using lime can be divided in three main groups: lime columns, lime piles and lime slurry injection. Lime columns refer to creation of deep vertical columns of lime stabilized material. Lime piles are usually holes in the ground filled with lime. Lime slurry pressure injection, as the name suggests, involves the introduction of a lime slurry into the ground under pressure.
Literature review brings out that lime stabilization of expansive clays in field is mainly performed by mixing of lime and soil up to shallow depths. The use of lime as deep stabilizer has been mainly restricted to improve the engineering behaviour of soft clays. Use of lime in deep stabilization of expansive soils however has not been given due attention. There exists a definite need to examine methods for deep stabilization of expansive soils to prevent the deeper soil layers from causing distress to the structures in response to the seasonal climatic variations. In addition, there exists a need for in-situ soil stabilization using lime in case of distressed structures founded on expansive soil deposits.
The physical mixing of lime and soil in shallow stabilization method ensures efficient contact between lime and clay particles of the soil. It however has limitation in terms of application as it is only suited for stabilization of expansive soils to relatively shallow depths. Studies available have not compared the relative efficiency of the lime pile technique and lime-soil mixing method in altering the physico-chemical, index and engineering properties of expansive black cotton soils.
To achieve the above objectives laboratory experiments are performed that study:
1. the efficacy of lime piles in stabilizing compacted black cotton soil specimens from
Chitradurga District in Karnataka. The efficiency of lime piles in chemically stabilizing
the compacted black cotton soil mass was investigated as a function of:
a)amount of lime contained in the lime pile
b)radial migration of lime from the central lime pile
c)migration of lime as a function of soil depth
2. the relative impact of the lime pile technique and lime-soil mixing method in altering the
physico-chemical, index and engineering properties of expansive black cotton soil.
The organization of this thesis is as follows
After the first introductory chapter, a detailed review of literature performed towards highlighting the need to examine stabilization of expansive soils using lime pile technique is brought out in Chapter 2.
Chapter 3 presents a detailed experimental programme of the study. 25 mm and 75 mm diameter lime piles were installed in the compacted soil mass to study the influence of amount of lime contained in the lime pile on the soil properties. The amount of quick lime contained in the 25 mm and 75 mm lime piles corresponded to 1 % and 3 % by dry weight of the soil mass respectively. Radial and vertical migration of lime from the central lime pile was examined by sampling soil specimens at different radial distances from the central lime pile and at different depths of soil sample. At a given depth and radial distance, migration of lime was estimated by comparing the exchangeable cation composition, pH and pore salinity of the treated soil with that of the natural (untreated) black cotton soil specimen. Alterations in the soil engineering properties at a given depth and radial distance were evaluated by comparing the index properties, swell potential and unconfined compressive strength of the lime pile treated soil specimen with those of the untreated specimen. To compare the relative efficiency of lime mixing and lime pile technique in altering the swelling behaviour of black cotton soil, batches of black cotton soil specimens were treated with 1 % and 3 % quick lime on dry soil weight basis. The compacted soil-lime mixes were cured at moisture contents of 31-34 % for a period of 10 days. The physico-chemical, index and engineering properties of the 1 % lime mixed specimens are compared with those of the 25 mm lime pile treated specimens. The properties of the 3 % lime mixed soil specimens are compared with those of the 75 mm lime pile treated specimens.
Chapter 4 examines the efficacy of lime piles in stabilizing compacted black cotton soil specimens from Chitradurga District in Karnataka. Experimental results showed that controlling the swell potential of deep expansive soil deposits is possible by the lime pile technique. Treatment with lime pile caused migration of dissociated calcium and hydroxyl ions into the surrounding soil mass. In case of 25 mm lime pile, the experimental setup allowed measurement of migration of lime up to three times the lime pile diameter. In case of 75 mm lime pile, the experimental setup allowed measurement of migration of lime up to 1.6 times pile diameter. In both experiments, migration of lime was also uniform through out the soil depth of 280 mm. Migration of calcium and hydroxyl ions increased the pore salinity and pH of the treated soil mass. The increase in pH caused clustering of additional exchangeable calcium ions at the negative clay particle edges. The increased pore salinity and exchangeable calcium ions reduced the diffuse ion layer thickness that in turn suppressed the plasticity index and the swell potential of the compacted expansive soil. The laboratory results hence bring out that lime pile treatment in the field can substantially reduce the swell potential of the soil at least to a radial extent of 2 to 3 times the lime pile diameter.
The 75 mm lime pile contained lime content in excess of the initial consumption of lime (ICL) value of the black cotton soil - namely 2.6 %. Laboratory results showed that migration of hydroxyl ions even from the 75 mm pile could not elevate the soil pH to levels required for soil-lime pozzoIonic reactions (pH ≥12). The very low solubility of lime in water (< 1 g/litre) and the impervious nature of the black cotton soil are considered to have impeded efficient interactions between lime and soil in course of treatment of the expansive soil with lime piles. Absence of soil-lime pozzolonic reactions precluded the formation of cementation compounds in the lime pile treated soil specimens. Cementation compounds formed by the soil-lime pozzolonic reactions are responsible for the much higher strengths of lime stabilized soils. Consequently, treatment with 25 mm pile had no impact on the unconfined compressive strength of the black cotton soil. Comparatively, treatment with 75 mm lime pile slightly increased the strength of the treated soil due to increased inter-particle attraction and particle flocculation.
Chapter 5 compares the relative efficiency of the lime pile technique and lime-soil mixing method in altering the physico-chemical, index and engineering properties of expansive black cotton soil. Experimental results showed that mixing of soil and lime promote stronger chemical interactions between lime released hydroxyl ions and clay particles than that achieved by diffusion of lime from a central lime pile. The more alkaline pH of the lime mixed soil specimens rendered the clay particle edges more negative. Consequently, more calcium ions were adsorbed at the clay particle edges of the lime mixed soil specimens imparting them higher exchangeable calcium contents than the lime pile treated soil specimens. Also, at 3 % lime addition, the pH of the lime-mixed soil was sufficiently high (in excess of 12) to cause dissolution of silica and alumina from the clay lattice necessary for the formation of cementation compounds. The stronger lime modification reactions plus the lime-soil pozzolonic reactions (applicable for soil treated with lime content greater than ICL value) achieved by the lime mixing technique rendered the expansive soil much less plastic, much less expansive and much stronger than the lime pile treated specimens. The results of the laboratory study hence suggest that if a choice exists in the field between conventional method of spreading-mixing-compacting of soil-lime mixes and treating the ground with lime piles, the former technique should be adopted because of its greater efficacy in stabilizing the expansive soil.
Chapter 6 summarizes the findings of the study.
5
Pham, Ngoc V. "Optimizing Compressive Strength of Soil Stabilization with Cementitious Binders Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques." Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/418280.
Full textAbstract:
This research developed reliable prediction models for the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of soil stabilization with common cementitious binders, such as lime, cement, fly ash, and blast-furnace slag. Several Artificial Intelligent (AI) techniques, including Artificial neural network (ANN), Multi-Gene Genetic Programming (MGGP), and Gene-expression programming (GEP), are applied to generate the prediction formulas. Some experimental data from the doctoral thesis of Dr. Bolton and Dr. Do are used to develop AI-based models as case studies. In addition, a thousand comprehensive data points gathered from several experimental studies in the literature are used for the model development. The soil characteristics, the making method, the curing period, the binder types, and binder contents are all considered as the independent variables in the models. The research results show that the proposed AI-based models perform well with a high correlation coefficient and low errors (e.g., RMSE and MAE). Hence, these formulas could be confidently applied in estimating the UCS of soil stabilization with different binders. Furthermore, a comparative study is conducted to evaluate the predictive ability and the performance of the ANN, MGGP, and GEP models. Besides, parametric studies and sensitivity analyses are carried out to examine the effects of the essential parameters on the UCS of stabilized soil. The research findings could help engineers choose suitable binder types and cost-effective methods to optimize the UCS of stabilized soil.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Eng & Built Env
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Avsar, Ozgur. "Landslide Stabilization In Weathered Tuffite, Northern Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12605580/index.pdf.
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A landslide occurred during the construction of the Giresun &ndashEspiye road between Km: 1+030 &ndash
1+170 in April 2003. Investigating the causes and mechanism of this slope failure along with suggesting a proper stabilization technique is aimed in this study. For that purpose, a detailed site investigation study, including engineering geological mapping, drilling work, in situ and laboratory tests, was performed. Weathered tuffite, tuffite, flysch and dacitic tuffite, from top to bottom, are the major units in the study area. A &ldquo
translational slide&rdquo
occurred in completely weathered tuffite owing to the disturbance of the stability of the slope by the excavations performed at the toe of the slope
particularly the foundation excavation for the restaurant building and for the road cut for the Giresun &ndash
Espiye road. After establishing the model of the landslide in detail, shear strength parameters of the failure surface were determined by the back analysis method as "
cohesion"
=2.5 kN/m2 and "
friction angle"
=9°
. Toe buttressing, ground water and surface water drainage options were considered for stabilizing the slope. For the back analysis calculations, the Morgenstern-Price and Spencer methods were used with the aid of the SLOPE/W computer program.
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Hatton, Pierre-Joseph. "Séquestration du carbone et de l’azote des feuilles de hêtre dans les associations organo-minérales du sol : Approches macroscopiques, nanométriques & moléculaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0050.
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Les associations organo-minérales jouent un rôle prépondérant dans la séquestration à long terme des matières organiques des sols forestiers, mais les contributions des différents types d’association organo-minérale à la stabilisation, ainsi que les processus microbiens qui en sont responsables, restent mal connus. Pour y remédier, des techniques de traçage isotopique ont été combinées à la séparation densitométrique séquentielle des associations organo-minérales. Ces dernières ont été investiguées in et ex situ, à différentes échelles spatiales (macroscopique, submicrométrique et moléculaire) et temporelles (de 8 heures à 12 ans).Quatre types d’association organo-minérale ont été distingués : les débris végétaux associés à quelques rares minéraux, les agrégats végétaux, les agrégats microbiens et les grains minéraux. Le traçage isotopique du carbone et de l’azote dérivés des litières de feuilles a mis en évidence, à l’échelle de la décennie, des transferts entre les différentes associations organo-minérales. Tous deux entrent dans le sol sous forme de fragments végétaux, puis migrent progressivement vers les agrégats végétaux et microbiens. Les agrégats apparaissent pertinents pour la stabilisation du carbone et de l’azote à l’échelle décennale. Une petite fraction du carbone et de l’azote apparaît rapidement stabilisée dans les grains minéraux denses. Nos observations du devenir du 15N indiquent que l’activité des microorganismes du sol est responsable de ces transferts. Les fragments de feuilles colonisés par les microorganismes sont progressivement incorporés dans les agrégats végétaux. A mesure que la décomposition se poursuit, les agrégats végétaux se disloquent pour former des agrégats plus stables, plus pauvres en matières organiques, plus enrichis en produits microbiens et plus compacts : les agrégats microbiens. La stabilisation microbienne a été étudiée aux échelles macroscopique, submicrométrique et moléculaire, principalement par NanoSIMS et LC-IRMS. Elle opère (i) directement par immobilisation dans les cellules microbiennes et (ii) indirectement via une abondante production de métabolites extracellulaires. La calibration des C/N obtenus par NanoSIMS a permis de déterminer qu’ils sont stabilisés dans les associations organo-minérales sans contrôle apparent de la chimie des matières organiques. L’incorporation du 13C dans les sucres aminés, biomarqueurs des biomasses bactériennes et fongiques, indique que les microorganismes vivants croissent où la ressource se trouve. Ils s’accumulent dans les agrégats microbiens via les processus de transfert précédemment évoqués. Ce travail souligne l’importance des agrégats pour la séquestration du carbone et de l’azote dérivés des litières à l’échelle de la décennie. Il met également en évidence le rôle des microorganismes dans les transferts et la stabilisation du carbone et de l’azote dérivés des feuilles au sein d’associations organo-minéralesOrgano-mineral associations play a key role in the long-term sequestration of organic matter in forest soils. However, knowledge about the contribution of the different types of organo-mineral associations and the microbial processes involved in soil organic matter stabilisation is scant. To solve it, stable isotope techniques have been combined with the sequential density fractionation of organo-mineral associations. Isolated fractions were investigated in field and in lab, at different temporal (from 8 hours to 12 years) and spatial scales (macro-, submicron- and molecular scales).Four types of organo-mineral associations were distinguished: plant debris with little mineral attached, plant aggregates, microbial aggregates and mineral grains. Isotopically labeled beech leaf litters were tracked at a decadal time-scale to reveal transfers in between organo-mineral associations. Both litter-derived carbon and nitrogen entered the soil as plant fragments to progressively pass through plant and microbial aggregates. Aggregates appeared particularly meaningful for the stabilisation of litter-derived carbon and nitrogen at a decadal time-scale. Little of the litter-derived carbon and nitrogen was found quickly stabilized to mineral grains. Microbial activities appeared as a major controlling factor for the evolvement of organo-mineral associations, responsive for the transfers of litter-derived carbon and nitrogen. Indeed, plant debris colonized by microorganisms are progressively trapped into plant aggregates. As decomposition proceeds, plant aggregates disrupt into denser microbial aggregates. These aggregates are loaded with lesser organic matter, but enriched in stable microbial materials.Stabilisation by soil microorganisms has been studied at the macro-, submicronand molecular- scales, using mostly NanoSIMS and LC-IRMS. Microbial stabilization operated (i) directly through immobilization in microbial cells and, (ii) indirectly through large production of extracellular microbial products. By calibrating the NanoSIMS for accurate C/N ratios, extracellular microbial products have been shown to be stabilized onto organo-mineral associations without apparent control of the mineral-attached organic matter chemistry. The incorporation of 13C tracers into amino sugars, biomarkers of bacterial and fungal biomasses, revealed that living microorganisms grow where the resource is, but accumulate in microbial aggregates. Microbial biomasses moved from plant debris to microbial aggregates, likely along with the transfers of decaying litter residues as described above.This work points aggregates as meaningful organo-mineral associations for the sequestration of litter-derived carbon and nitrogen at the decadal time-scale. It also revealed the role of microorganisms in the transfers and stabilization of litterderived carbon and nitrogen within organo-mineral associations
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Baker, Lucas R. "In situ remediation of Pb/Zn contaminated materials : field- and molecular-scale investigations." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1014.
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SINGH, SURENDER. "SOIL NAILING FOR STABILITY OF THE SLOPES." Thesis, 2017. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/15816.
Full textAbstract:
Soil nailing is a soil stabilization technique which is used as a remedial measure in order to treat the unstable natural or artificial soil slopes. This technique is also used in order to allow the safe over-steepening of new or existing soil slopes.
In this method of slope stabilization, a relatively slender reinforcing element is driven into the soil slope. Reinforcing elements generally used in this technique generally consists of HYSD steel bars or steel hollow tubes depending upon the requirement.
The nails used for soil nailing are generally driven into the slope at an angle of 100 to 200 with horizontal plane. Due to the application of surcharge load by various means, the backfill material starts deforming which in turn passively produces the tensile stresses in the nails.
The method of installation is different for solid and hollow bars. Solid bars are generally installed into the pre-drilled holes. These bars are grouted into place simultaneously using separate grout line. Hollow bars are drilled and grouted simultaneously with the help of sacrificial drill bit.
When bars are inserted into the soil slope by using drilling technique ,then they are fully grouted and are installed at a slight downward inclination. Centralizers are used in order to keep the nails at its exact position. In order to provide the stability a rigid facing usually of pneumatically applied concrete (shotcrete) is applied. In some cases isolated nail head plates can be also used for this purpose.
In few cases a flexible reinforcing mesh is held against the soil slope face under the head plates. In case if environmental conditions are not adequate, then rabbit proof wire mesh and environmental erosion control fabrics are used in addition with flexible mesh facing.
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Harvey, Omar R. "Mechanisms of Organic-inorganic Interactions in Soils and Aqueous Environments Elucidated using Calorimetric Techniques." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-05-7727.
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Organic matter is ubiquitous in the environment and exists in many different forms. Reactions involving organic matter are diverse and many have significant economic and environmental implications. In this research, calorimetric techniques were used to study organic- inorganic reactions in two different systems. The primary objectives were to elucidate potential mechanism(s) by which: (i) natural organic matter (NOM) influences strength development in lime-stabilized soils, and; (ii) plant-derived biochars reacts with cations in aqueous environments.
Natural organic matter influenced strength development in lime-stabilized soils through the direct inhibition of the formation of pozzolanic reaction products. The degree of inhibition was dependent mainly on the type of pozzolanic reaction product, and the amount and source of organic matter. The formation of the pozzolanic reaction product, calcium silicate hydrate II (CSH2) was less affected by NOM, than was the formation of CSH1. For a given pozzolanic product, the inhibition increased with NOM content. The effect of organic matter source followed the order fulvic acid> humic acid> lignite. Formation of CSH pozzolanic reaction products decreased by 50-100%, 20-80% and 20-40% in the presence of ?2% fulvic acid, humic acid and lignite, respectively.
Cation interactions with plant-derived biochars were complex and depended both on the nature of the cation and biochar surface properties. Reactions involving the alkali cation, K+; occurred via electrostatic ion exchange, on deprotonated functional groups located on the biochar surface and; were exothermic with molar heats of reaction (?Hads) between -3 and -8 kJ mol-1. In contrast, reactions involving the transition metal cation, Cd2+ were endothermic with delta Hads between +10 and +30 kJ mol-1. Reaction mechanism(s) for Cd2+ varied from ion exchange/surface complexation in biochars formed at <350 oC, to an ion exchange/surface complexation/diffusion-controlled mechanism in biochars formed at >/=350 oC. For a given cation, differences in sorption characteristics were attributable to temperature-dependent or plant species dependent variations in the properties of the biochars.
Books on the topic "SOIL STABILIZATION TECHNIQUE"
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Impe, W. F. Van. Soil improvement techniques and their evolution. Roterdam, Netherlands: Balkema, 1989.
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Impe, W. F. Van. Considerations on dynamic soil improvement techniques. [S.l: s.n., 1992.
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Bushman, William H. Final report: Stabilization techniques for unpaved roads. Charlottesville, Va: Virginia Transportation Research Council, 2004.
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International Conference on Ground Improvement Techniques (3rd 2000 Singapore). Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Ground Improvement Techniques: 25-26 September 2000, Singapore. Edited by Pinto M. Isabel M. Singapore: [s.n.], 2000.
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Gambin, Michael P. GEOTECH 92: Contributions of Mr. Michael P. Gambin for the Workshop on Applied Ground Improvement Techniques. [S.l: s.n., 1992.
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Malaysia) International Conference on Ground Improvement Techniques (4th 2002 Kuala Lumpur. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Ground Improvement Techniques: 26-28 March 2002, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Edited by Faisal Haji Ali, Pinto M. Isabel M, and Jefferson I. (Ian). Singapore: CI-Premier Pte Ltd., 2002.
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Lawson, C. R. GEOTECH 92: Contributions of Mr. C.R. Lawson for the Workshop on Applied Ground Improvement Techniques. [S.l: s.n., 1992.
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Aboshi, H. GEOTECH 92: Contributions of Prof. H. Aboshi for the Workshop on Applied Ground Improvement Techniques. [S.l: s.n., 1992.
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Broms, Bengt Baltzar. GEOTECH 92: Contributions of Prof. B.B. Broms for the Workshop on Applied Ground Improvement Techniques. [S.l: s.n., 1992.
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American Society of Civil Engineers. Management practices for control of erosion and sediment from construction activities. Reston, Virginia: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "SOIL STABILIZATION TECHNIQUE"
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Sharma, Mahesh, Manojit Samanta, and Shantanu Sarkar. "Soil Nailing: An Effective Slope Stabilization Technique." In Landslides: Theory, Practice and Modelling, 173–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77377-3_9.
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Zhang, Yu, Cong Lu, Mengyi Xu, Lingling Pan, Nguyen Chau Lan, and Qiang Tang. "Research Progress on Stabilization/Solidification Technique for Remediation of Heavy Metals Contaminated Soil." In Advances and Applications in Geospatial Technology and Earth Resources, 315–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68240-2_19.
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O’Donnell, B., A. Swarup, A. Sidiq, D. Robert, and S. Setunge. "Guidelines for Enzymatic Soil Stabilization." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 373–98. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3330-3_40.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThere are numerous manuals to guide practitioners in utilizing traditional additives in the construction of road, rail and dam construction but they fall short of specific guidance for non-standard additive-based ecofriendly and cost-effective soil stabilization. Increased attention has recently been on the use of non-standard additives for stabilizing weak soils due to environmental and cost concerns associated with traditional additives. We summarize the specific guidelines of using environmental-friendly enzymes to treat weak soils. We elaborate on the requirements and specifications for the Eko-Soil multi-enzyme product that is manufactured from water and proteins extracted from fermented exudes of plants. Specific tests (laboratory and field) and conditions required for soil stabilization using Eko-Soil enzyme are elaborated using the experience of past construction projects. The guide also elaborates enhancing the efficiency of enzymatic soil stabilization by correctly incorporating the required mixing proportions and pre-requisite condition tests. Professionals and practitioners will benefit from using novel eco-friendly sustainable stabilization techniques in the treatment of weak soils covering many applications including roads, foundations, water containment areas, landfills, working platforms and slope erosion control.
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Morris, Gareth, Mark Browne, Kirsti Murahidy, and Mike Jacka. "Christchurch Town Hall Complex: Post-Earthquake Ground Improvement, Structural Repair, and Seismic Retrofit." In Case Studies on Conservation and Seismic Strengthening/Retrofitting of Existing Structures, 145–72. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/cs002.145.
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<p>The Christchurch Town Hall (CTH) complex contains six reinforced concrete buildings constructed circa 1970 in Christchurch, New Zealand (NZ). The complex is used for performing arts and entertainment, with an Auditorium that is internationally recognized for its acoustics. It is listed as a Grade-1 heritage building due to its cultural and historical significance. Unfortunately, the CTH foundation system was not originally designed to accommodate liquefaction-induced differential settlement and lateral spreading effects, as highlighted by the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence. Although the most extreme ground motions exceeded the NZS 1170.5 code-defined 1/2500 year earthquake loads, the CTH structures performed remarkably well for a design that pre-dated modern seismic codes. Most of the observed structural damage was a result of the differential ground deformations, rather than in response to inertial forces. The post-earthquake observations and signs of distress are presented herein. The primary focus of this paper is to describe two major features of the seismic retrofit project (initiated in 2013) which were required to upgrade the CTH complex to meet 100% of current NZS 1170.5 seismic loadings. Firstly, the upgrade required extensive ground improvement and a new reinforce concrete mat slab to mitigate the impacts future ground deformations. Soil stabilization was provided by a cellular arrangement of jet-grout columns, a relatively new technique to NZ at the time. The new mat slab (typically 600-900 mm) was constructed over the stabilized soils. Secondly, upgrading the superstructure had many constraints that were overcome via a performance-based design approach, using non-linear time-history analysis. Recognizing the heritage significance, the superstructure “resurrection” as a modern building was hidden within the original skin minimized disruption of heritage fabric. Retrofit solutions were targeted, which also minimized the overall works. The 2015–2019 construction phase is briefly discussed within, including jet-grout procedures and sequencing considerations.</p>
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Barnes, Fairley J., Elizabeth J. Kelly, and Edward A. Lopez. "Pilot Study of Surface Stabilization Techniques for Shallow-Land Burial Sites in the South-Western U.S.A." In Contaminated Soil ’90, 1201–2. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3270-1_273.
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Du, Yan-Jun, Song-Yu Liu, Zhi-Bin Liu, Lei Chen, Fan Zhang, and Fei Jin. "An Overview of Stabilization/Solidification Technique for Heavy Metals Contaminated Soils." In Advances in Environmental Geotechnics, 760–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04460-1_93.
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Khandelwal, Rahul, J. Senthilnath, S. N. Omkar, and Narendra Shivanath. "A Novel Multiobjective Optimization for Cement Stabilized Soft Soil based on Artificial Bee Colony." In Robotic Systems, 285–303. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1754-3.ch014.
Full textAbstract:
Cement is the most widely used additive in soft soil stabilization due to its high strength and availability. The cement content and curing time have a direct influence on the stabilization cost and hence it is prudent to minimize these variables to achieve optimality. Thus, it is a classical multi-objective optimization problem to find the optimum combination of cement content used and the curing time provided to achieve the target strength. This paper brings out the use of Vector Evaluated Artificial Bee Colony (VEABC) algorithm, a multi-objective variant of Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) technique, for the problem on hand. VEABC is a swarm intelligence algorithm, which employs multiple swarms to handle the multiple objectives and the information migration between these swarms ensures a global optimum solution is reached. Due to the stochastic nature of ABC algorithm, the resulting Pareto Curve will cover a good range of data with smooth transition. The Pareto fronts obtained for target strength could be used as calibration charts for scheduling the soft soil stabilization activities.
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Lima, A., D. Gerscovich, and A. Sayão. "Considerations on the soil nailing technique for stabilizing excavated slopes." In Landslides: Evaluation and Stabilization/Glissement de Terrain: Evaluation et Stabilisation, Set of 2 Volumes, 1671–76. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16816-233.
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Adewale Ajao, Lukman, Emmanuel Adewale Adedokun, Joseph Ebosetale Okhaifoh, and Habib Bello Salau. "A Nonlinear Fuzzy Controller Design using Lyapunov Functions for an Intelligent Greenhouse Management in Agriculture." In Technology in Agriculture [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98409.
Full textAbstract:
The importance of agronomists in large-scale production of food crops under considerate environmental weather conditions cannot be overemphasized. However, emerging global warming is a threat to food security due to its effect on soil depletion and ecosystem degradation. In this work, the design of the proposed intelligent context is to observe, model and simulate greenhouse control system activity towards the management of the farm crop growth as the affected salient environmental parameters. Characteristically, temperature and humidity are the major factors that determine the crop yield in a greenhouse but the case of a dry air environment or beyond 300C−350C of high air humidity will affect crop growth and productivity. A Mamdani technique of fuzzy logic controller with non-linear consequent is used for intelligent greenhouse design in the LABVIEW virtual environment. This approach is used to mimic the human thought process in the system control by setting some logical rules that guide the greenhouse functions. For the system stabilization achievement, a direct method of Lyapunov functions was proposed. The simulation model result shows that, the average temperature of 18.50C and humidity 65% is achieved for a decent environment of crop growth and development during winter. However, the average temperature and humidity achieved during summer is 27.50C&70% respectively. For every season that is beyond 30.50Cand75% of temperature and humidity will require automation of roof opening and water spilled.
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Mench, M., J. Seaman, A. Knox, and J. Vangronsveld. "Remediation of Metal- and Radionuclides-Contaminated Soils by In Situ Stabilization Techniques." In Environmental Restoration of Metals-Contaminated Soils, 21–60. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420026269.ch2.
Full textConference papers on the topic "SOIL STABILIZATION TECHNIQUE"
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Al Shorman, B. "Comprehensive review of soil stabilization agents." In Advanced Topics in Mechanics of Materials, Structures and Construction. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902592-12.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Soil stabilization is a technique that is used in most construction projects to enhance the geotechnical and engineering properties of soil. There is a wide range of research studies related to soil stabilization techniques and agents, these studies discussed the effects of the different types of soil stabilization on soil, the most suitable agent type regarding soil classification, and the challenges that were founded during the application of these processes. Stabilization agents include traditional and non-traditional additives with their different categories were reviewed and discussed in this paper by presenting the results of the recent studies concerned with various types of soil stabilization agents in different laboratories and project tests with highlights on the enhancement of soil properties. In addition to increasing the compressive and shear strength parameters, Maximum Dry Density (MDD), and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of the soil, the soil stabilization agents play a great role in decreasing the soil plasticity index, swelling, compressibility, porosity, permeability, and Optimum Moisture Content (OMC).
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Durgadevi, S. "A Review on Recent Experimental Research on Soil Stabilization." In Sustainable Materials and Smart Practices. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901953-36.
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Abstract. The increasing population results in executing the infrastructure and buildings to be constructed also in weak and soft soil. Therefore, the soil must be strengthened to surrender larger settlements, ground subsidence, etc to resist the collapse of building. In such cases, the necessity of ground improvement has been implemented. The ground improvement techniques is majorly performed for reducing settlement in soft soil, improving the soil bearing capacity, slope stabilization and preventing from earthquake liquefaction. This technique is done for stabilizing the properties of soil and attempted to modify the existing ground. Ground improvement can be done by various techniques i.e., vibro-compaction, dynamic-compaction, ground freezing, Vibro-replacement stone columns, Electro kinetic stabilization, grouting, etc. Recent improvement techniques are introducing Geo cell, Geo-textiles and Geo-membranes has been developed in which the soil is reinforced with materials like aluminum, stainless steel, polyester, fibers, polyamides in the form of strips or grids to stabilize the soil. This paper will give some of the recent techniques adopted in site to improve the soil properties.
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Lobiak, Oleksii, Glib Vatulia, Mykhailo Pavliuchenkov, Dmytro Petrenko, and Olena Voskobiinyk. "Using mathematical modeling for stabilization of soil foundations of buildings with the injection technique." In RELIABILITY AND DURABILITY OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT ENGINEERING STRUCTURE AND BUILDINGS. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0120110.
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Mohan, Regi P., and Adarsh P. "Strength Characterisation of Nanochemical Stabilized Kuttanad Clay for Pavement Construction." In International Web Conference in Civil Engineering for a Sustainable Planet. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.112.17.
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Kuttanad clays are low strength, soft, organic clay deposits found in the Kuttanad areas of the Alappuzha district, Kerala. Lots of failures have been reported to the structures built over it due to its swelling - shrinking characteristics. To enhance the load-bearing capacity and decrease the settlement characteristics, the addition of appropriate stabilizing agents is considered the most efficient technique in soil stabilization applications. Soil stabilization techniques using traditional stabilizers in mass projects have become costly due to the increase in the cost of materials like cement, lime, fly ash, etc. Moreover, cement production also accounts for global warming due to the emission of carbon gas. Hence studies are going on regarding the effectiveness of using non-traditional materials that can react faster as stabilizing agents and thus reducing the cost of construction. This paper focuses on studying the suitability of a non-traditional nanotechnology-based organo-silane compound in the treatment of Kuttanad clay soils. Observations were made for the variation in the strength characteristics of the soil such as maximum dry density, optimum moisture content, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), California Bearing Ratio (CBR) strength of samples stabilized with varying dosages of nanochemical for curing periods up to 28days.
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Tannoury, George A., and Steven D. Schrock. "Introduction to Chemical Stabilization of Unstable Trackbeds." In 2016 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2016-5779.
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Trackbeds are typically composed of all granular materials comprised of ballast and subballast over compacted subgrade. Most poor performances of railroads can be attributed to poor and unstable subgrade conditions. Below the surface, the instability of the subgrade material can propagate through the granular zone leading to excessive settlements and deformations of the railway. Conventional subgrade restoration in the trackbed system requires the removal of the granular materials and over-excavation of soft unstable subgrade materials, moisture adjustment, re-compaction, and sometimes chemical stabilization of the subgrade soils. Since these procedures are considered very expensive in terms of construction equipment, railway outage time, and labor force, alternative solutions for consideration and evaluation are essential. Injection of expansive foam (polymer based) materials is a relatively recent method that has been used in various applications of soil stabilization in the roadway industry. This technique relies on the injection of rigid-polyurethane foam, which is a high-density, expanding, thermoset, hydro-insensitive and environmentally neutral polyurethane-resin product, into the soft and unstable soil to improve their shear strength and stability index. In addition, the stabilized zone acts as a waterproof membrane protecting moisture sensitive subgrade, and acting as a separation layer to eliminate pumping and contamination of the granular subballast at saturated fine grained conditions. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the practicability of polyurethane stabilized soft and unstable subgrade under unbounded granular trackbeds to mitigate future deformation, restore railway foundation, and reduce trackbed repair cost and outage time.
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Wong, Wing-Keat (Wayne), Brad Wiebe, Curtis Treen, and John Richmond. "Preserving Pipeline Integrity With Large Diameter Stone Columns at Dead Horse Creek Crossing, Southern Manitoba, Canada." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78651.
Full textAbstract:
Pipeline integrity has been threatened at the Dead Horse Creek pipeline crossing in southern Manitoba by a slow-moving slope failure with a potential for crest retrogression. The movement zone extends from the slope crest to the bottom of the creek, a vertical distance of about 25 m and is approximately 80 m long from toe to scarp and 100 m wide along the creek. The slope has degraded over time and is controlled by the combination of local geology, which consists of weak colluvium overlying high plastic clay shale, and creek bank erosion and channel degradation. Saturated soil conditions, a function of poor drainage and elevated seasonal precipitation, have exacerbated the problem over the years. The slope movements have been monitored on a regular basis since 2008 and presented an increasing risk to the integrity of multiple pipelines located in two rights-of-way (ROWs) situated within and immediately adjacent to the failing soil mass. The site is surrounded by various infrastructure and recreational areas that are key to the community, and therefore is considered a high consequence area with respect to potential pipeline failures. To manage the risk and protect pipeline integrity, various stress relief and other mitigating measures have been implemented since 2013 [1], culminating in a major slope rehabilitation project undertaken in 2015, which comprised earthworks, drainage and watercourse improvements, and slope stabilization using stone columns. While the use of stone columns to stabilize embankments is not a new technique, it is not commonly used in the pipeline industry and represents another option for geohazard stabilization in the right situations. This paper presents the slope stabilization techniques employed and discusses the challenges of working on an active moving slope confined by a watercourse and live pipeline assets. The positive benefits of the stabilization measures are illustrated through the use of 2D and 3D numerical modelling, and confirmed through an ongoing geohazard management program that includes site inspection and instrumentation monitoring which continues to show improvements in slope performance post construction.
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Duraisamy, Youventharan, Rokiah Binti Othman, Mohd Arif Sulaiman, Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya, and Siti Noor Linda Taib. "Suitability of <i>Eugenia oleina</i> in Tropical Slope as Bio-Anchorage System." In World Sustainable Construction Conference Series 2022. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-27d8m5.
Full textAbstract:
Landslide is a major geological hazard and poses high risk to most countries in the tropical regions. This problem is more severe in places like Malaysia where residual soil is abundant. High temperature and humidity will easily disintegrate soil particles and therefore loosen the bonding between the soil and the root system. The main goal is to elucidate the interaction mechanism of bio-inspired soil anchorage system to enhance bonding between residual soil matrix in tropical region. Hence, this research aims to establish correlation between the pattern of root and its tensile strength to reinforce tropical residual slope. Basic soil property tests and classification protocols were carried out in the laboratory. Root tensile test results from the laboratory was correlated with field pull-out test data. Slope stability in the area where the plant roots were introduced have been disturbed. The factor of safety of slope with bio-anchorage system was one third of the slope with grass. The findings provide the best solution from the bioinspired soil anchorage system for tropical slope. Hence, the plant species that works well in residual soil for the purpose of reinforcing tropical slope was identified and recommended. As a result, many serious landslides and slope failures in residual soil could be avoided in the tropical region. Therefore, slope stabilization technique such as the bio-inspired soil anchorage system once established can reduce the dependency on conventional concrete wall.
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Mackevičius, Rimantas, Danutė Sližytė, Tatyana Zhilkina, and Vadim Turchin. "Investigation of influence of additives on properties of multi-molecular organic solutions used for permeation grouting." In The 13th international scientific conference “Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques”. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mbmst.2019.112.
Full textAbstract:
Permeation grouting for stabilization of dispersive sandy and gravely soils is in use from beginning of 19th century and has high importance for various underpinning, tunneling, and structural strengthening works. As materials for permeation grouting are applied not only cement mortar or silica gel in many compositions but multi-molecular organic solutions too. From multi-molecular organic solutions for permeation grouting are in use various synthetic resins such as acrylic, urea-formaldehyde, or other polymer resins. Urea-formaldehyde resin has right physical and mechanical properties for applying in soil stabilization but additives can change these properties. For example, additives can increase density, pH-rate, and gel-formation time of urea-formaldehyde resin. Additives can decrease viscosity of solutions based on urea-formaldehyde resin. Additives can improve environmental aspects of use of multi-molecular organic solutions for grouting of sandy soils. Long-time investigations of influence of additives on properties of multi-molecular organic solutions used for soil stabilization give good results for optimization of composition of materials for grouting.
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"Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil with Groundnut Shell Ash." In Recent Advancements in Geotechnical Engineering. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901618-6.
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Abstract. The analysis of GSA for the stabilization of soil samples is the subject of this research paper. In recent years, soil stabilization techniques have been effective in improving the shear strength parameters of poor soils. GSA is a naturally occurring substance that causes human health and environmental issues. Physical properties of soil were calculated, including Atterberg's limits, compaction characteristics, and strength characteristics of virgin soil samples. GSA was applied to the soil in various percentages (2 to 10 percent). The soil sample's intensity increased up to 6% before decreasing. It is clear that 6% of GSA to the soil is an optimum percentage and it leads to an increase in shear strength and bearing capacity in expansive soil.
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Kurup, G. Surya Narayana, Sona P. S., Luthfa U, Varsha Manu, and Amal Azad Sahib. "Undrained Strength Characteristics of Fibre Reinforced Expansive Soils." In International Web Conference in Civil Engineering for a Sustainable Planet. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.112.19.
Full textAbstract:
Expansive soils are those whose volume changes take place while it comes in contact with water. It expands during rainy season due to intake of water and shrinks during summer season. Expansive soils owe their characteristics due to the presence of swelling clay minerals. Expansive soils cover nearly 20% of landmass in India and include almost the entire Deccan plateau, western Madhya Pradesh, parts of Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Maharashtra. The properties that describe the expansive behaviour of soils are free swell index, swell potential and swell pressure. This behaviour has an impounding effect on the bearing capacity and strength of foundation lying on such a soil. Some of the stabilization techniques which are currently being used are physical alternations, sand cushioning, belled piers, under reamed piers, granular pile anchors, chemical stabilization, and fibre reinforcement techniques. This paper focuses on improvement in the strength characteristics of stabilized Chittur soil. The commonly used stabilizer for expansive soils is lime. This paper looks upon alternative materials such as fly ash and polypropylene fibres in order to reduce the lime content. It was concluded from the trials that an optimum combination of 1.5% lime, 10% fly ash and 0.2% polypropylene fibres contribut