Journal articles on the topic 'Soil seed banks'
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1
Christoffoleti, P. J., and R. S. X. Caetano. "Soil seed banks." Scientia Agricola 55, spe (1998): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90161998000500013.
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The goal of this literature review is to discuss some of the major aspects of the soil seed bank, from its characteristics down to methodological aspects of its determination. Soil seed bank is the reservoir of viable seeds or of vegetative propagules that are present in the soil and that are able to recompose a natural vegetation. In the agroecossystems the soil seed bank is related to weeds, and the knowledge of its size and composition in terms of species can be used in the prediction of future infestations, to built simulation models of population establishment through time and also the definition of soil and cultural management programs, in order to have a rational use of herbicides.
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Kalisz, Susan. "Soil Seed Banks." Ecology 71, no. 3 (June 1990): 1226–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/19373400.
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Kalisz, Susan, Mary A. Leck, V. Thomas Parker, and Robert L. Simpson. "Soil Seed Banks." Ecology 71, no. 3 (June 1990): 1226. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1937400.
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V., Anju M., Rekha R. Warrier, and C. Kunhikannan. "Significance of Soil Seed Bank in Forest Vegetation—A Review." Seeds 1, no. 3 (August 18, 2022): 181–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/seeds1030016.
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Seed banks present in soils provide information on past/existing standing vegetation and the probable future vegetation of the area. We reviewed 187 articles related to seed banks that were published worldwide from 1859 to 2022 to understand the dynamics of soil seed banks. The heterogeneity and biodiversity of most ecosystems appear vulnerable due to the over-exploitation of soil over the years. The studies on seeds present in soil provide knowledge on species cover, which supports the restoration of degraded areas. An interesting feature observed in most references was that species identified in seed banks do not necessarily represent or reflect the standing vegetation—this is attributed to the varied dispersal mechanisms of different species. The most significant contributions of a seed bank are conservation and the provision of propagules to the ecosystem. These banks are critical for identifying the composition and spatial organisation of understorey plant communities in degraded forests following soil disturbances, such as wildfire, harvesting, and/or logging. Regeneration from soil seed banks enables biodiversity recovery in tropical forests. There has been little understanding of the function soil seed banks play in forest restoration, which is critical to the natural regeneration of forest reserves. The impact of invasive alien species and the associated soil seed banks on vegetation dynamics is poorly researched. With landscape restoration gaining significance in the present decade, it becomes exceedingly important to maintain existing vegetation. It is relevant to India, which has international commitments to restore 26 mha of degraded and deforested land by 2030. This review reveals the importance of soil seed banks and their role in the future maintenance of forest cover.
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Leon, Ramon G., and Micheal D. K. Owen. "Artificial and natural seed banks differ in seedling emergence patterns." Weed Science 52, no. 4 (August 2004): 531–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-03-048r2.
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Artificial weed seed banks are practical for studying seed bank depletion and weed seedling emergence because the number, depth, and species composition of seed banks can be managed. However, no studies have determined whether artificial seed banks are representative of natural seed banks. We compared the emergence of velvetleaf, giant foxtail, and common waterhemp in a natural seed bank, an artificial seed bank with stratified seeds, and an artificial seed bank with nonstratified seeds. Velvetleaf seedling emergence was higher in the nonstratified seed bank in 2001, but no differences were observed in 2002. The number of viable velvetleaf seeds at the end of the experiment was lower in the natural seed bank than in the artificial seed banks in 2002. Velvetleaf emergence occurred earlier in the natural seed bank than in the artificial seed banks. Giant foxtail emergence was higher in the artificial seed banks (58 to 82%) than in the natural seed bank (5 to 23%). Common waterhemp emergence ranged from 7 to 65% in the artificial seed banks and from 1 to 5% in the natural seed bank. In general, the distribution of emergence with time differed in the natural seed bank compared with the artificial seed banks. These differences were attributed to differences in soil temperature and soil bulk density between the natural and artificial seed banks. Artificial seed banks showed lower soil bulk density and greater temperature fluctuation than the natural seed bank. However, there was no consistent relationship between growing degree days and emergence timing in the three treatments for any of the species studied.
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Graham, AW, and MS Hopkins. "Soil Seed Banks of Adjacent Unlogged Rain-Forest Types in North-Queensland." Australian Journal of Botany 38, no. 3 (1990): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9900261.
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The size and floristic composition of soil seed banks under four adjacent, unlogged and structurally different rainforest types were assessed by exposing 17 surface soil samples (to 40mm depth) to germination-house conditions. The mean size of the seed bank in the undisturbed forest types was 240 seeds m-2 (s.d. 139). Seeds of secondary species dominated the soil seed banks in all forest types, although weed seeds constituted only 0.6-4.0%. Some forest types had characteristic component secondary species in the buried seed bank. Agglomerative classification and multidimensional scaling analysis of quantitative sample data indicated that the parent structural-environmental forest type was the dominant influence in determining composition of the soil seed banks. Comparisons of the seed banks of the intact rainforest with those of nearby disturbed forests showed the former to be 35 to 50% smaller in total size, and lacking in some distinctive secondary species. It was concluded that disturbance, both within and adjacent to rainforest, may influence soil seed bank compositions, and hence future patterns of regeneration.
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Cardina, John, Emilie Regnier, and Kent Harrison. "Long-Term Tillage Effects on Seed Banks in Three Ohio Soils." Weed Science 39, no. 2 (June 1991): 186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500071459.
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Soils from long-term tillage plots at three locations in Ohio were sampled to determine composition and size of weed seed banks following 25 yr of continuous no-tillage, minimum-tillage, or conventional-tillage corn production. The same herbicide was applied across tillage treatments within each year and an untreated permanent grass sod was sampled for comparison. Seed numbers to a 15-cm depth were highest in the no-tillage treatment in the Crosby silt loam (77 800 m–2) and Wooster silt loam (8400 m–2) soils and in the grass sod (7400 m–2) in a Hoytville silty clay loam soil. Lowest seed numbers were found in conventional-tillage plots in the Wooster soil (400 m–2) and in minimum-tillage plots in the Crosby (2200 m–2) and Hoytville (400 m–2) soils. Concentration of seeds decreased with depth but the effect of tillage on seed depth was not consistent among soil types. Number of weed species was highest in permanent grass sod (10 to 18) and decreased as soil disturbance increased; weed populations were lowest in conventional tillage in the Hoytville soil. Common lambsquarters, pigweeds, and fall panicum were the most commonly found seeds in all soils. Diversity indices indicated that increased soil disturbance resulted in a decrease in species diversity. Weed populations the summer following soil sampling included common lambsquarters, pigweeds, fall panicum, and several species not detected in the seed bank.
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Skuodienė, Regina, Vilija Matyžiūtė, and Gintaras Šiaudinis. "Soil Seed Banks and Their Relation to Soil Properties in Hilly Landscapes." Plants 13, no. 1 (December 29, 2023): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13010104.
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For the prevention of hilly soils from erosion, a smart selection of crop rotations is very important. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different agrophytocenoses on seed numbers in the soil runoff sediments and soil seed banks’ relations to soil properties in hilly landscapes. This study analyzes long-term monitoring data from three different agrophytocenoses (permanent grassland, cereal–grass crop rotation and crop rotation with a row crop) set up on slopes of 9–11° steepness with collectors for soil and water installed. The soil of the southern exposition slope was a slightly eroded Eutric Retisol. In the soil of permanent grassland, the number of seeds was 4036 seeds m−2, 6.0 and 3.2 times smaller compared to cereal–grass crop rotation and crop rotation with a row crop. The seeds found in the soil runoff sediments composed, on average, 0.9% of the soil seed bank, and the number of seeds depended on the number of days with heavy precipitation during the plant vegetation period, as well as on the plant communities grown in a particular rotation. Correlation analysis showed the seed numbers’ dependence on the soil’s chemical and physical properties. Hill slopes were not affected by water erosion, when agrophytocenoses were based on perennial grassland and also cereal–grass crop rotation, where reduced soil tillage was applied.
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Mickelson, James A., and William E. Grey. "Effect of soil water content on wild oat (Avena fatua) seed mortality and seedling emergence." Weed Science 54, no. 02 (April 2006): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-05-007r.1.
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Field experiments were established in fall 1999 and 2000 near Huntley, MT, to determine the effects of soil water content on wild oat seed mortality and seedling emergence. Four supplemental irrigation treatments were implemented from June through September to establish plots with varying soil water content. Wild oat seed mortality during the summer increased linearly as soil water content increased. For seed banks established in 1999 (1999SB), seed mortality increased, on average, from 36 to 55% in 2000, and 15 to 55% in 2001 as soil water content increased from 6 to 24%. For seed banks established in 2000 (2000SB), seed mortality increased, on average, from 38 to 88% in 2001 and 53 to 79% in 2002 as soil water content increased from 6 to 24%. Increasing soil water content likely increased the activity of microorganisms that cause mortality in wild oat seeds. The increasing seed mortality rates (due to increasing soil water content) resulted in greater annual declines of wild oat seed banks and 2-yr cumulative decline rates. Total season emergence percentage was not affected by irrigation treatment. Results show that weed seed bank decline is more rapid in moist than in dry soils and suggest that management practices that increase or conserve soil moisture will also increase the rate of wild oat seed bank decline.
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Qi, Meiqin, and John B. Scarratt. "Effect of harvesting method on seed bank dynamics in a boreal mixedwood forest in northwestern Ontario." Canadian Journal of Botany 76, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 872–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b98-061.
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The effects of harvesting on seed bank dynamics in a boreal mixedwood forest were studied on replicated 10-ha treatment blocks harvested by different clear-cutting or partial-cutting systems in the fall of 1993. From 1994 to 1995 we monitored seed rain, soil seed banks, and seasonal changes in species composition in understory vegetation and seed banks in all harvest blocks plus three uncut controls. No persistent conifers were found in the soil seed banks of any treatment. The number of seeds of other species generally decreased with soil depth in all treatments, with the lower layer of organic soil yielding the highest numbers of seedlings. Many seeds of sedges and some herbs were found in the upper mineral soil horizon, indicating significant longevity. While disturbance by harvesting operations altered the distribution of seeds in the soil profile, harvesting method had little effect on the total number of species present in post-harvest seed banks or understory vegetation. There were no differences in seasonal compositional changes between treatments. Seed rain monitoring indicated that few conifer seeds were added to the seed bank. Betula papyrifera Marsh. was the dominant tree species in seed rain in the partial cutting treatments. However, in the second post-harvest year on clear cut sites sedges and grasses increased from less than 1 to 14% of seed rain. The results suggest that predominantly hardwood stands with prolific understory vegetation will initially develop on the treated sites, with a variable, but depleted conifer content.Key words: boreal mixedwood forest, natural regeneration, seed rain, seed bank, succession, vegetative propagation.
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Butler, Jack, and Kara Paintner. "Rangeland Recovery Potential: Soil Seed Content and Seed Viability." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 14 (January 1, 1990): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1990.2879.
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In most plant communities, soil contains a seed bank (population of dormant seeds), (Harper 1977), which provides a partial record of past and present vegetation (Major and Pyott 1966, Johnson and Anderson 1986). Seed banks are continuously rejuvenated by a "seed rain", from vegetation located on- and off-site. If existing communities are disturbed or destroyed, the seed bank provides a potential source of propagules during succession (Egler 1954, Connell and Slatyer 1977). Consequently, seed banks may serve as an index in predicting what vegetation changes might occur if environmental conditions are favorable for germination (Harper 1977). The objectives of this study are to 1. evaluate the viable seed bank within grazed and relict pinyon-juniper and blackbrush/Indian ricegrass communities in Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (GCNRA), 2. assess the ability of these communities to recover following a disturbance, using their respective seed banks as indicators of recovery potential, and 3. address the suitability of using seed banks to monitor and predict community level composition changes in response to various intensities of grazing.
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Warr, Susan J., Ken Thompson, and Martin Kent. "Seed banks as a neglected area of biogeographic research: a review of literature and sampling techniques." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 17, no. 3 (September 1993): 329–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339301700303.
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The article highlights a comparatively neglected area of biogeographical research - seed banks and the distribution of seeds in the soil. The article reviews some of the relevant literature on seed banks and the methods for their study. Attention is focused on aspects of seed banks of particular relevance to biogeographers, with detailed examples drawn from seed bank studies in both temperate and tropical environments. In the review of the seed bank literature, the topics covered include the seed banks of successional communities and the size of seed banks in different vegetation types. The species composition of seed banks in different plant communities is discussed, particularly the degree of correlation between the species composition of seed banks and associated ground flora. The relationships between seed persistence, depth of burial in the soil and soil properties, such as moisture and pH, are explored. Seed bank heterogeneity is examined and a number of studies which have attempted to describe and measure the spatial variability of seed banks are summarized. Ways of classifying seed banks in terms of seed bank strategies are explained. The role of seed banks in conservation is discussed, for example in restoration projects, where preferred species have been lost from the vegetation but survive in the seed bank. The relevance of seed banks for the conservation of rare species and in landscape management is considered. Lastly, the contribution of seed banks to the recovery of vegetation following disturbance in various plant communities is discussed. In the review of seed bank sampling techniques, the subjects considered include methods of sample collection, the sampling intensity required for reliable estimates of seed density, a consideration of the relative merits of random and systematic sample distribution, as well as the importance of the timing of sampling. Various methods for the estimation of seed numbers in samples are appraised; these either involve extraction of seeds from the soil, followed by seed identification or enumeration by germination and seedling identification. Problems of analysing seed bank data are considered and several useful techniques for data analysis are suggested. Finally, the article draws attention to areas of future seed bank research for biogeographers and plant ecologists.
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Bravo, Sandra Josefina del Valle, Nelly Roxana Abdala, and Amalia Valeria Ibáñez-Moro. "Soil Seed Banks of Dry Tropical Forests under Different Land Management." Forests 14, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14010003.
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The objectives of this study were to evaluate woody-species composition and seed density in the soil seed bank (SSB) in a dry subtropical forest with different disturbance regimes and assess the role of leaf litter as a seed reservoir in disturbed forests. Study area: the western Argentine Chaco region. Climate is seasonal and semiarid, and the fire season coincides with the dry and cool periods. In the first step, we evaluated the composition of species and seed density in the soils of forests with four different combinations of disturbances (wildfires, livestock, roller-chopping, and logging) using a systematic sampling design. In the second step, we assessed the seed density in the soil and litter fractions under focal individuals of six native woody species in two forest types (undisturbed/disturbed by roller-chopper and wildfires). Soil samples were extracted by core following standard methods for SSB studies. Eleven woody species were found in the SSB. The seed density varied between 17.78 seeds/samples in the reference condition forest and 5.46 seeds/samples in the more intensively disturbed forest (wildfires and livestock). The tree seed abundance was reduced in the disturbed forest SSB and the shrubby species increased. There were no significant differences in the seed density among the soil and litter fractions of each type of forest, but disturbances reduced the seed density in the litter fraction. The leaf litter is a seed reservoir in the soils of the Chaco forests, but this localization could promote loss by fires and desiccation. Our results could improve the forestry management plans in areas exposed to climate and land-use change.
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Petrulaitis, Lukas, Valerijus Rašomavičius, Domas Uogintas, and Zigmantas Gudžinskas. "Soil Seed Bank of Alien and Native Cornus (Cornaceae) Taxa in Lithuania: What Determines Seed Density and Vertical Distribution in Soil?" Diversity 14, no. 6 (June 15, 2022): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14060488.
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Soil seed banks of alien plant species are sources of propagules that play a crucial role in plant population dynamics. Studies on seed banks of woody alien species are crucial for understanding mechanisms of their encroachment on natural habitats. This study aimed to compare vertical distribution, density and composition of seed banks formed by native Cornus sanguinea subsp. sanguinea and alien C. alba, C. sericea and C. sanguinea subsp. australis in the Southern Hemiboreal zone of Europe. Five sites for each of four taxa were selected for the study, and seeds were sampled using the soil core method (400 samples in two soil layers: the upper, 0–5 cm, and the lower, 5–10 cm). Extracted seeds were tested with tetrazolium chloride stain to assess their viability. Differences in the seed banks among taxa were compared using generalised linear mixed models (GLMM). The GLMM analysis revealed significant differences in soil seed bank densities in the upper soil between the studied taxa (p < 0.001). We found that two of the alien taxa (C. alba and C. sanguinea subsp. australis) formed a much denser seed bank containing more viable seeds than the native Cornus sanguinea subsp. sanguinea. All three alien species contained more viable seeds (from 40.7% to 45.2% in the upper soil layer) than the native C. sanguinea subsp. sanguinea (19.4% in the upper and 18.2% in the lower soil layer). The cover of Cornus and habitat type had no significant effect on the density of the seed bank, according to GLMM. This study supports the hypothesis that seed banks of alien C. alba and C. sanguinea subsp. australis are denser than those of native C. sanguinea subsp. sanguinea. Furthermore, the seed bank of alien taxa contained more viable seeds than the seed bank of C. sanguinea subsp. sanguinea. Results of this study contribute to the understanding of the invasiveness of alien Cornus taxa.
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Spence, John R., Mary Allessio Leck, V. Thomas Parker, and Robert L. Simpson. "Ecology of Soil Seed Banks." Arctic and Alpine Research 23, no. 2 (May 1991): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1551388.
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Cavers, Paul B. "Seed banks: Memory in soil." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 75, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss95-003.
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Approaches used to study seed banks and early publications on them are summarized. Current areas of interest are described, including the balance between herbicide-susceptible and herbicide-resistant seed populations, the effects of reduced tillage, the genetic structure of the seed bank, the role of desiccation, the impact of nutrients, oxygen and ortho-dihydroxyphenols, and methods of sampling seed banks and processing the data.
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Major, Jack. "Soil Seed Banks--Another Perspective." Ecology 71, no. 3 (June 1990): 1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1937401.
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Kramer, Neal B., and Frederic D. Johnson. "Mature forest seed banks of three habitat types in central Idaho." Canadian Journal of Botany 65, no. 9 (September 1, 1987): 1961–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b87-269.
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Soils were sampled in two 5-cm layers under mature forests in Pseudotsuga menziesii/Physocarpus malvaceus, Abies grandis/Acer glabrum, and Abies grandis/Vaccinium globulare habitat types in central Idaho. Seed content of sampled soils was determined using a wet sieve seed extraction process followed by greenhouse germination tests. Viable seeds representing more than 80 different species were recorded, with viable seed densities averaging 1065 ± 727/m2 and ranging as high as 4116/m2. Most viable seeds (67%) were found in the top 0- to 5-cm soil layer. Ceanothus velutinus, Physocarpus malvaceus, and Carex spp. accounted for nearly 50% of all viable seeds encountered. Buried seed constancies are presented to compare buried seed occurrence by habitat type.
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Salazar, Ana, Guillermo Goldstein, Augusto C. Franco, and Fernando Miralles-Wilhelm. "Timing of seed dispersal and dormancy, rather than persistent soil seed-banks, control seedling recruitment of woody plants in Neotropical savannas." Seed Science Research 21, no. 2 (January 13, 2011): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258510000413.
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AbstractA large fraction of tree species forming persistent soil seed-banks and with dormant seeds are expected to be found in strongly seasonal ecosystems such as Neotropical savannas, where seedling recruitment could be highly variable. In the savannas of Central Brazil, we studied seed characteristics (type of dormancy, longevity and moisture content) of 14 representative woody species differing in seed dispersal season. We also studied the dynamics of soil seed-banks and similarity patterns in woody species composition among seed rain, soil seed-bank, seedling bank and standing vegetation along shallow topographic gradients that differ in canopy cover. Woody species composition of the soil seed-bank largely differed from the standing vegetation, the seed rain and the seedling bank species composition, suggesting low recruitment of woody species from the soil seed-bank. Seeds of the 14 woody species remained viable for less than 16 months in laboratory dry-storage conditions. Of those, most seeds dispersed in the dry season were dormant and exhibited low moisture content, while most seeds dispersed in the wet season were non-dormant and exhibited high moisture content. Longevity of these seeds dispersed in the dry and the wet seasons did not differ significantly. This study shows that both timing of seed dispersal and dormancy appear to control timing of seed germination and seedling recruitment of most Neotropical savanna woody species, which did not form persistent soil seed-banks. This study contributes to the understanding of tree/grass coexistence and tree density variations along topographic gradients in tropical savannas.
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Zogas, Alexander, Evsey Kosman, and Marcelo Sternberg. "Germination strategies under climate change scenarios along an aridity gradient." Journal of Plant Ecology 13, no. 4 (June 29, 2020): 470–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtaa035.
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Abstract Aims Climate change in the eastern Mediterranean region will have a strong impact on ecosystem functioning and plant community dynamics due to a reduction in annual rainfall and increased variability. We aim to understand the role of seed banks as potential buffers against climatic uncertainty determined by climate change. Methods We examined germination strategies of 18 common species present along an aridity gradient. Data were obtained from soil seed banks germinated during nine consecutive years from arid, semi-arid, Mediterranean and mesic Mediterranean ecosystems. At the semi-arid and Mediterranean sites, rainfall manipulations simulating 30% drought and 30% rainfall increase were applied. Germination strategies were tested under optimal irrigation conditions during three consecutive germination seasons to determine overall seed germinability in each soil sample. Changes in germination strategy were examined using a novel statistical approach that considers the climatic and biotic factors that may affect seed germinability. Important Findings The results showed that dominant species controlled their germination fractions by producing seeds with a different yearly germination fraction probability. The amount of rainfall under which the seeds were produced led to two major seed types with respect to germinability: high germinability, seeds leading to transient seed banks, and low germinability, seeds leading to persistent seed banks. We conclude that differential seed production among wet and dry years of both seed types creates a stable balance along the aridity gradient, enabling the soil seed bank to serve as a stabilizing mechanism buffering against rainfall unpredictability. Additionally, we present a general model of germination strategies of dominant annual species in Mediterranean and arid ecosystems that strengthens the notion of soil seed banks as buffers against climatic uncertainty induced by climate change in the region.
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Sanderson, Matt A., Robert Stout, Sarah Goslee, Jeff Gonet, and Richard G. Smith. "Soil seed bank community structure of pastures and hayfields on an organic farm." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 94, no. 4 (May 2014): 621–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2013-288.
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Sanderson, M. A., Stout, R., Goslee, S., Gonet, J. and Smith, R. G. 2014. Soil seed bank community structure of pastures and hayfields on an organic farm. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 621–631. Understanding the composition of seed banks in pasture soils would help farmers anticipate and manage for weed problems. We characterized the soil seed bank in eight pastures and hayfields [two alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and two predominantly grass hayfields; two recently established and two permanent pastures] within an organic dairy farm in southeastern New Hampshire. Seed banks were sampled in the upper 5 cm of soil in each field at a point scale in 2007 and 2010. In 2010, the seed bank was characterized at the field scale by taking soil samples on six 52-m transects in each field. Seed banks sampled at the field scale in 2010 contained 66 plant species. The total number of seeds in the seed bank ranged from 1560 m−2 in grass hayfields in autumn to more than 20 000 m−2 in alfalfa hayfields in summer. Annual forbs dominated the seed bank of alfalfa fields and recently established pastures, whereas perennial graminoids dominated in one grass hayfield and the permanent pastures. These results suggest that management history affects soil seed bank composition and abundance, and these effects should be considered before implementing management practices that could stimulate recruitment from the seed bank.
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Williams-Linera, Guadalupe. "Soil seed banks in four lower montane forests of Mexico." Journal of Tropical Ecology 9, no. 3 (August 1993): 321–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400007379.
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ABSTRACTSoil seed banks from four Mexican lower montane forests were studied. These forests are in the transition zone between neartic and Neotropical floristic regions. Soil seed bank characteristics were biased toward the dominant – temperate or tropical – phytogeographical affinity. The northern site (El Cielo Biosphere Reserve, Tamaulipas) had the lowest seed density, 720 seeds m−2. The eastern (Rancho La Mesa, Veracruz), western (Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve, Jalisco) and southern (El Triunfo Biosphere Reserve, Chiapas) sites all had much higher seed densities (2291, 2901, and 2341 seeds m−2, respectively). Germinated tropical species seeds were more abundant than temperate species seeds at all four sites, and were higher for southern and intermediate sites when compared with the northern site. On the basis of family, El Cielo appears to be different. The tropical family Melastomataceae was absent from this northern site, whereas it represented >30% of total germinated seeds at the other three sites. Trees were the most abundant life form at the southern site but were particularly poorly represented in the eastern and northern sites. Herbs were very abundant in the eastern, western and northern sites but were poorly represented in the seed bank of the southern site. The four seed banks differ between themselves and resemble seed banks of neither temperate deciduous nor tropical forests. In some ways they are unique, at least with respect to floristic composition, seed density, and life form representation.
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Jankowska-Błaszczuk, Małgorzata. "Zróżnicowanie banków nasion w naturalnie i antropogenicznie przekształconych zbiorowiskach leśnych [Diversity of soil seed banks in natural and man-modified forest communities]." Monographiae Botanicae 88 (2014): 1–147. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/mb.2000.002.
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The objective of the study was to reveal diversity in species composition and size of soil seed banks derived from forest communities undergoing different intensity of human impact as well as to show the seed bank strategy as an adaptation of species to many kinds of disturbances occurring in natural deciduous forests. On the basis of the study of soil seed bank in natural, stabilised deciduous forest communities in Białowieża National Park and taking into account data from literature it was found that: (1) Densities of seed banks of fertile, undisturbed deciduous forest vary from three to eight thousand seeds per one m<sup>2</sup>. The majority of these seeds (60–80%)come from the herb layer. Persistance of such banks do not exceed a few years. Species which arę dominant in seed bank of such forest are characterized by mean light requirements. The impulses which break their secondary dormancy arę slight disturbances in the herb layer. (2) Species structure of seed bank derived from such forest does not reflect floristic composition of the herb layer because this layer is dominated by species whose survival strategy is connected with vegetative propagation. (3) In seed banks of even very stable forest communities there are species which are absent from the herb layer of the forest. The species need light gaps in trees canopy for establishment. They are very light demanding and persistent in soil. Percentage of these species in soil seed banks grows with the intensity of human impact on forest communities. These species dominate also in seed banks of relatively natural forests but small and surrounded by meadows and fields. Seedlings of these species occur spontanously during the first phase of regeneration of forest gaps. After the canopy close-up, the species disappear from cover vegetation but their numerous and very persistant seeds wait in soil seed bank for the next disturbance.
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Nowińska, Renata, and Justyna Dubkiewicz. "Glebowy bank nasion zbiorowisk leśnych Wielkopolskiego Parku Narodowego – badania wstępne." Steciana 26, no. 4 (April 27, 2023): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12657/steciana.026.004.
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The aim of this study is to examine the soil seed banks of the following plant communities: the complex of lakeside plant communities (Carici elongate-Alnetum, Fraxino-Alnetum); the Central European oak-hornbeam forest (Galio sylvatici-Carpinetum); the thermophilous oak forest (Potentillo albae-Quercetum), in the course of transformation into the oak-hornbeam forest; the fresh coniferous mixed forest (Querco roboris-Pinetum) and the subcontinental pine forest (Leucobryo-Pinetum). All of these plant communities are located in protected areas of the Wielkopolska National Park. The soil seed banks of an individual communities are compared according to the species richness and species diversity as well as species similarity between the herb-layer and the seed bank. The soil seed banks are mainly composed of autochthonous species. The studied communities differ in size and species richness of the soil seed bank as well as in its species diversity. The indicated parameters decrease along with the decrease in the fertility and humidity of the communities. A statistically significant, moderate, positive correlation of species richness between the herb layer and the soil seed bank is observed. Nevertheless, the species similarity between the herb layer and the seed bank is relatively low, which can be attributed to the following: 1) the dominance of single species is greater in soil seed banks than in herb layer; 2) woody species whose seedlings were not recorded in the herb layer or were recorded very rarely, have a large share in seed banks; 3) seeds of some clonal plants were not recorded in seed banks as these species invest only small resources in generative reproduction.
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Bebawi, Faiz F., Shane D. Campbell, and Robert J. Mayer. "Persistence of bellyache bush (Jatropha gossypifolia L.) soil seed banks." Rangeland Journal 34, no. 4 (2012): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj12051.
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Bellyache bush (Jatropha gossypifolia L.) is an invasive shrub that adversely impacts agricultural and natural systems of northern Australia. While several techniques are available to control bellyache bush, depletion of soil seed banks is central to its management. A 10-year study determined the persistence of intact and ant-discarded bellyache bush seeds buried in shade cloth packets at six depths (ranging from 0 to 40 cm) under both natural rainfall and rainfall-excluded conditions. A second study monitored changes in seedling emergence over time, to provide an indication of the natural rate of seed bank depletion at two sites (rocky and heavy clay) following the physical removal of all bellyache bush plants. Persistence of seed in the burial trial varied depending on seed type, rainfall conditions and burial depth. No viable seeds of bellyache bush remained after 72 months irrespective of seed type under natural rainfall conditions. When rainfall was excluded seeds persisted for much longer, with a small portion (0.4%) of ant-discarded seeds still viable after 120 months. Seed persistence was prolonged (>96 months to decline to <1% viability) at all burial depths under rainfall-excluded conditions. In contrast, under natural rainfall, surface located seeds took twice as long (70 months) to decline to 1% viability compared with buried seeds (35 months). No seedling emergence was observed after 58 months and 36 months at the rocky and heavy clay soil sites, respectively. These results suggest that the required duration of control programs on bellyache bush may vary due to the effect of biotic and abiotic factors on persistence of soil seed banks.
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Lin, Luxiang, Min Cao, Yongtao He, Jerry M. Baskin, and Carol C. Baskin. "Nonconstituent species in soil seed banks as indicators of anthropogenic disturbance in forest fragments." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 9 (September 1, 2006): 2300–2316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-137.
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Forest fragmentation is prevalent in regions with high human population density, but also with high biological diversity, such as southwestern China. Predicting potential changes in species composition in native forest ecosystems resulting from forest fragmentation is an important approach in assessing forest ecosystems and sustainable management of forests. The term nonconstituent species is proposed for plant species that occur in a natural landscape but are not native to it. We hypothesized that fragmentation of continuous forests significantly increases both the richness and the size of soil seed banks of nonconstituent species. To test our hypothesis we compared soil seed banks in three small fragments and one large tract of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Yunnan Province, southwestern China. In total, 249 species were identified in all soil samples from the four sites. Nonconstituent species represented 36.4%–61.5% of the total taxa and 33.8%–59.6% of total germinants from soil samples in the three forest fragments, but only 3.7%–7.9% of total taxa and 7.5%–9.4% of total germinants from soil samples in the continuous forest tract. Both richness and size of soil seed banks of nonconstituent species were greater under forest fragments than under continuous forest. A majority of nonconstituent species were native weeds and annual herbs with wind-dispersed seeds; most were present in soil seed banks but not in aboveground vegetation. We suggest that nonconstituent species in soil seed banks could be used as an indicator species group for assessing human disturbance. If so, the richness and size of soil seed banks of nonconstituent species could play an important role in quantifying disturbance in forests.
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ÖZASLAN PARLAK, Altıngül, Ahmet GÖKKUŞ, and Hasan Can DEMİRAY. "Soil Seed Bank and Aboveground Vegetation in Grazing Lands of Southern Marmara, Turkey." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 39, no. 1 (May 30, 2011): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha3915844.
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The composition and conservation of plant communities is greatly influenced by the soil seed bank. Information on the soil seed banks and the remaining vegetation in these ecosystems is crucial for guiding the restoration efforts. This study examines the size, species richness, diversity, uniformity, and similarity of soil seed banks and aboveground vegetation in 6 different grazing lands including coastal pasture, reseeded pasture, artificial pasture, lowland shrubland, ungrazed pasture, and hillside shrubland. Forty-eight soil samples were taken by cores with a diameter and depth of 10 cm from each of grazing lands in August of 2007. A vegetation survey was conducted using a 0.5 x 0.5-m quadrant in both the spring and fall. Eighty species were observed in soil seed banks and aboveground vegetation. The largest seed bank was observed in reseeded pasture (7,715 seed/m2), while the smallest seed bank was found in coastal pasture (2,755 seed/m2). Coastal pasture also possessed the least amount of aboveground vegetation (131 plants/m2). The most aboveground vegetation was found in ungrazed pasture (155 plants/m2). The most common species in seed banks were annual and perennial grasses in reseeded pasture, annual forbs in artificial pasture and hillside shrubland, and perennial forbs in low shrubland and ungrazed pasture. Species richness, diversity, and uniformity in seed banks were highest in lowland shrubland and lowest in artificial pasture. The seed bank and aboveground vegetation were similar in ungrazed pasture, coastal pasture, reseeded pasture, low shrubland, hillside shrubland and artificial pasture. Shrublands play an important role in species richness and the number of germinated seeds from seed banks of grazing lands in southern Marmara. The results showed that reseeding or a decrease in grazing pressure may improve the condition of grazing lands.
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Abella, Scott R., and Judith D. Springer. "Soil seed banks in a mature coniferous forest landscape: dominance of native perennials and low spatial variability." Seed Science Research 22, no. 3 (June 12, 2012): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258512000074.
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AbstractSoil seed banks are important to vegetation recruitment, ecosystem functioning and land management. We evaluated composition of 0–5 cm soil seed banks and relationships of seed banks with forest community types (ranging from low-elevation pinyon–juniper to high-elevation bristlecone pine), vegetation cover and environmental variables within a 40,000-ha relatively undisturbed coniferous forest landscape in Nevada, USA. We collected samples from 36 sites and used the emergence method to assay seed banks. Seed density averaged 479 seeds m− 2across sites and a total of 39 taxa were detected. Most (79%) of these taxa were perennials and 35 of 39 (90%) were native. Moreover, 62% of seed-bank taxa were in the vegetation of mature forests, an uncommon finding in studies of forest soil seed banks. Seed-bank density, species richness and composition did not display strong relationships with forest community types, vegetation cover or environmental variables. Weak relationships likely arose from the relatively uniform seed-bank density among sites, where 50% of sites had seed densities in the range of 106–282 m− 2. Results suggest that while seed banks on this landscape are not large, they provide recruitment potential for some native perennial species of mature, relatively undisturbed communities.
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Propsom, Faye, and Emily Hoover. "Weed Seed Banks in Established Strawberry Fields." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 459f—460. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.459f.
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Weed control in strawberries, either in a new planting or one that is established, is a major source of problems for growers in Minnesota. To control weeds, growers need to know which weeds are a problem, which weeds are deleterious, and which weeds have the potential to become a problem. Weeds present, soil type, and weed seed bank information are needed in order to predict potential weed problems. With different weed control practices applied between and within the rows, we assumed weed seed bank populations would vary. In addition, we were interested in seeing if the seed banks differed between soil types and individual farmer's cultural practices. Soil samples were collected from 13 commercial strawberry fields located around the Twin Cities metro area. In 1996, samples were taken after renovation and before mulch was applied. In 1997, they were taken after mulch was removed and prior to renovation. The soil samples for each date, treatment, and farm were dried, and organic matter was separated from inorganic. The weed seeds were removed from the remaining organic matter, identified and counted. Soil types and cultural practices were used to compare the differences among the farms.
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Andrews, TS, RDB Whalley, and CE Jones. "Seed production and seedling emergence of Giant Parramatta grass on the north coast of New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 3 (1996): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960299.
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Inputs and losses from Giant Parramatta grass [GPG, Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. var. major (Buse) Baaijens] soil seed banks were quantified on the North Coast of New South Wales. Monthly potential seed production and actual seed fall was estimated at Valla during 1991-92. Total potential production was >668 000 seeds/m2 for the season, while seed fall was >146000 seeds/m2. Seed fall >10000 seeds/m2.month was recorded from January until May, with further seed falls recorded in June and July. The impact of seed production on seed banks was assessed by estimating seed banks in the seed production quadrats before and after seed fall. Seed banks in 4 of the 6 sites decreased in year 2, although seed numbers at 1 damp site increased markedly. Defoliation from mid-December until February, April or June prevented seed production, reducing seed banks by 34% over 7 months. Seed banks in undefoliated plots increased by 3300 seeds/m2, although seed fall was estimated at >114 000 seeds/m2. Emergence of GPG seedlings from artificially established and naturally occurring, persistent seed banks was recorded for 3 years from bare and vegetated treatment plots. Sown seeds showed high levels of innate dormancy and only 4% of seeds emerged when sown immediately after collection. Longer storage of seeds after collection resulted in more seedlings emerging. Estimates of persistent seed banks ranged from 1650 to about 21260 seeds/m2. Most seedlings emerged in spring or autumn and this was correlated with rainfall but not with ambient temperatures. Rates of seed bank decline in both bare and vegetated treatment plots was estimated by fitting exponential decay curves to seed bank estimates. Assuming no further seed inputs, it was estimated that it would take about 3 and 5 years, respectively, for seed banks to decline to 150 seeds/m2 in bare and vegetated treatments.
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Thompson, Ken, Roberta M. Ceriani, Jan P. Bakker, and Renée M. Bekker. "Are seed dormancy and persistence in soil related?" Seed Science Research 13, no. 2 (June 2003): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ssr2003128.
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AbstractThere is confusion in the ecological literature between seed dormancy and persistence in soil. Some ecologists seem to assume that dormancy is necessary for persistence, while others imply that dormancy and persistence are virtually synonymous. Here, we show that there is no close relationship between dormancy and persistence and, incidentally, that conventional methods of investigating soil seed banks underestimate the persistence of species with dormant seeds. The confusion appears to arise from the concept of ‘enforced dormancy’, which is not genuinely dormancy at all, and would be eliminated if ecologists adopted the definition of dormancy employed by physiologists. Dormancy is a characteristic of the seed, not of the environment, the degree of which defines the conditions required to make the seed germinate.
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Butler, Jack, and Kara Paintner. "Rangeland Recovery Potential: Soil Seed Content and Seed Viability." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 15 (January 1, 1991): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1991.2993.
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The objectives of this project are to 1) evaluate the viable seed bank within grazed and relict pinyonÂjuniper and blackbrush/lndian ricegrass communities, 2) assess the ability of these communities to recover following a disturbance using their respective seed banks as indicators of recovery potential, and 3) address the suitability of using seed banks to monitor and predict community level composition changes in response to various intensities of grazing.
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Galvan, J., M. A. Rizzardi, S. T. Peruzzo, and R. F. Ovejero. "Evolution of Ryegrass Seed Banks Depending on Soil Tillage and Crops." Planta Daninha 33, no. 2 (June 2015): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-83582015000200003.
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The seed bank is characterized by the amount of seeds and other viable reproductive structures in the soil and it is changed by the input and output of seeds, being classified by its permanence in the soil as transient or permanent. The tillage and crops used decisively influence this dynamic and more disturbed areas tend to have richer seed banks. The purpose of this study was to test different soil tillage and crop systems, aiming to reduce or eliminate the ryegrass in the area. The experiment was conducted from 2010 to 2012. In the first year, the effect of chemical tillage was assessed, compared to the area without tillage. From the second year on, in the area that received chemical tillage, the second experiment was installed, where it was assessed the effect of soil tillage and crop rotation in the ryegrass seed yield. The soil tillage treatment was chisel plow and non-chisel plow. The crop rotation was: fallow/soybean; wheat/soybean; black oat/maize. The samples of soil were taken three times a year and split in 0-5, 5-10, 10-15 and 15-20 cm. After sampling, the seeds were separated from the soil and sterilized. Afterwards, germination and tetrazolium test were conducted. In the same plots used for soil sampling, the emergence flow of ryegrass was assessed in the winter 2011 and 2012. In the first year it was observed that chemical tillage had considerably reduced the amount of ryegrass in the soil. The crop rotations used were more effective than soil tillage in reducing the seed banks in the soil. The rotation oat/maize and wheat/soybean, in only two years, practically zeroed the ryegrass seed banks in the area.
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Álvarez-Espino, Ricardo, Héctor Godínez-Álvarez, and Rodolfo De la Torre-Almaráz. "Seed banking in the columnar cactusStenocereus stellatus: distribution, density and longevity of seeds." Seed Science Research 24, no. 4 (October 17, 2014): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258514000324.
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AbstractThe soil seed bank is the reserve of viable seeds found in the soil. This reserve contributes to plant population persistence in unpredictable environments; thus, determining its presence is basic to understanding recruitment patterns and population dynamics. Studies of soil seed banks in the Cactaceae are scarce, although these plants are ecologically dominant in American arid and semi-arid environments. Most studies have inferred the presence of seed banks by analysing morphological seed traits or germination of seeds stored in the laboratory for different periods of time. Few studies have determined their presence through evaluation of distribution, density and longevity of seeds in the field. To fill this information gap, we determined the existence of, and studied, the soil seed bank ofStenocereus stellatus, a columnar cactus endemic to central Mexico. This study reports the evaluation of these characteristics in the field and discusses whether this species forms a soil seed bank. We found a higher number of seeds under shrubs than in areas lacking vegetation. Recently dispersed seeds did not germinate because they have primary dormancy. This dormancy was broken after 6 months of burial in the soil. Seeds buried for 10 months entered secondary dormancy and they were not viable at 24 months, probably because of pathogen attack. Considering dormancy and seed longevity, we suggest thatS. stellatushas the potential to form a short-term persistent seed bank. However, this should be confirmed by conducting studies on otherS. stellatuspopulations throughout their geographical distribution.
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Jiang, Xiao-Qi, Xiao Yang, and Bao-Rong Lu. "Increased Longevity and Dormancy of Soil-Buried Seeds from Advanced Crop–Wild Rice Hybrids Overexpressing the EPSPS Transgene." Biology 10, no. 6 (June 20, 2021): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10060562.
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Estimating the fitness effect conferred by a transgene introgressed into populations of wild relative species from a genetically engineered (GE) crop plays an important role in assessing the potential environmental risks caused by transgene flow. Such estimation has essentially focused on the survival and fecundity-related characteristics measured above the ground, but with little attention to the fate of GE seeds shattered in the soil seed banks after maturation. To explore the survival and longevity of GE seeds in soil, we examined the germination behaviors of crop–wild hybrid seeds (F4–F6) from the lineages of a GE herbicide-tolerant rice (Oryzasativa) line that contains an endogenous EPSPS transgene hybridized with two wild O. rufipogon populations after the seeds were buried in soil. The results showed significantly increased germination of the GE crop–wild hybrid seeds after soil burial, compared with that of the non-GE hybrid seeds. Additionally, the proportion of dormant seeds and the content of the growth hormone auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) in the GE crop–wild hybrid seeds significantly increased. Evidently, the EPSPS transgene enhances the survival and longevity of GE crop–wild rice seeds in the soil seed banks. The enhanced survival and longevity of the GE hybrid seeds is likely associated with the increases in seed dormancy and auxin (IAA) by overexpressing the rice endogenous EPSPS transgene. Thus, the fate of GE seeds in the soil seed banks should be earnestly considered when assessing the environmental risks caused by transgene flow.
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McIvor, JG, and CJ Gardener. "Germinable soil seed banks in native pastures in north-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 8 (1994): 1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9941113.
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Germinable soil seed banks were determined in 20 native pasture communities of widely varying composition (dominated by native tussock grasses, Bothriochloa pertusa, or forbs) near Collinsville (20�34'S, 147�51'E). Samples of surface soil (0-10 cm) were taken during the late dry season, seeds were germinated in a shadehouse, and seedlings were identified and counted. Over all pastures there were seeds of 100 species in the seed banks, including 29 grasses (14 perennial), 11 legumes, 8 sedges, and 52 forbs. Total seed numbers varied among pastures from 210 to 9770/m2. Forbs were the most numerous component, followed in order by sedges, perennial grasses, annual grasses, and legumes. Of the 790 seeds/m2 of perennial grasses, the naturalised species B. pertusa contributed 620/m2. Even though the native perennial grasses were prominent in these pastures, they had few seeds in the soil, especially when the pastures had been heavily grazed. To maintain these grasses in pastures, management should aim to prevent excessive mortality of the perennial plants as seedling regeneration could be limited by the small seed numbers available.
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Basto, Sofía, Lilia Roa-Fuentes, Ana Carolina Moreno, and José Ignacio Barrera-Cataño. "Seed bank responses after clearcutting Pinus patula plantations in Andean high montane areas." Universitas Scientiarum 25, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 517–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.sc25-3.sbra.
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Clear cutting exotic plantations favours natural regeneration processes in which seed banks may play an important role. In Andean high montane areas, after Pinus patula clear cutting, changes in soil pH and litter lead to increased fauna and flora biodiversity. However, the impactof these changes on seed banks remains unknown. The aims of the present study were to understand how seed bank richness, abundance, and composition changes after p. patula clear cutting, and to identify the role of above ground cover, pH and litter cover on these seed bank variations. The study was conducted in three areas with different post-clear cutting ages (0,2.5,4.5 years), a p. patula plantation and in a high Andean forest patch. All these sites were located between 3033 and 3100 m.a.s.l. Seed bank abundance, richness and the number of seeds of the ten most abundant species increased in areas with 2.5 and 4.5 years after clear cutting. Moreover, seed bank composition was different among study areas. These changes were related to increasing above ground vegetation cover and soil pH, and to decreasing litter cover. Seed banks contributed almost exclusively to the recovery of some herbaceous species; were corded only one tree species recruit from the seed banks (Baccharislatifolia) in the forest soils; therefore, the natural regeneration processes may be constrained. Our results high light the need to implement active restoration to accelerate high montane forest recovery in areas previously covered with pine tree plantations.
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Acosta, Luis, and Renán Agüero. "El banco de propágulos de malezas en el agroecosistema: conocimiento actual y propuesta metodológica para su estudio." Agronomía Mesoamericana 12, no. 2 (July 1, 2006): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v12i2.17226.
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The goals with this paper are to review the processes that regulate seed banks in agroecosystems, their horizontal and vertical distribution in the soil, as well as to present a simple methodology for the study of the seed banks size, regeneration potential and seed spreading. We focus mainly on internal and external factors regulating growth and exhaustion of seed banks, the impact of tillage on transitory and permanent banks and aspects related to germination and dormancy of seeds. In agroecosystems, the propagule banks constitute the primary resource ensuring the perpetuation of weeds; even if only a small portion remains, there will be weeds during the next growing season. A broad knowledge of these banks and their dynamics might prove useful for future rational schemes of weed management.
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Akinola, M. Olatunde, Ken Thompson, and Susan H. Hillier. "Development of soil seed banks beneath synthesized meadow communities after seven years of climate manipulations." Seed Science Research 8, no. 4 (December 1998): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258500004463.
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AbstractMeadow microcosms were established from seed on low-fertility soil of known seed bank composition, and subjected to manipulations of simulated grazing, cutting date, temperature and fertility for seven years. The composition and density of the seed bank was then determined in five 2-cm soil layers (0–2, 2–4, 4–6, 6–8 and 8–10 cm). The seed bank contained three distinct groups of species: species present in the original soil, sown species, and ‘others’. The seed bank was little affected by the experimental treatments, presumably because the sown species made only a small contribution to the seed bank. Nearly all the species in the original soil are known to possess persistent seed banks and had survived, although at reduced density, for seven years. Density of the most abundant species in this group, Sagina procumbens, had changed very little over seven years, confirming the well-documented longevity of the seeds of this species. Seeds of sown species made up only about a quarter of the seed bank, despite accounting for virtually all the above-ground vegetation. Of the sown meadow species, only Plantago lanceolata and Alopecurus pratensis were relatively abundant in the seed bank. These results strongly support the conclusion of other authors that most meadow species, once lost owing to the effects of fertilizers or inappropriate management, will not reestablish from the seed bank. Among species which were neither sown nor present in the original soil, the majority possessed adaptations for wind dispersal and had presumably dispersed into the experimental plots from outside. The most abundant member of this group, Betula pendula, had dispersed from a nearby tree. Density of Betula seeds declined sharply with depth, consistent with the view that seeds on the soil surface are rapidly lost, mainly through germination, but seeds that become buried survive much better. Seeds of Betula appear to be persistent but not particularly long-lived.
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Thompson, Ken, Stephen Colsell, Jennifer Carpenter, Richard M. Smith, Philip H. Warren, and Kevin J. Gaston. "Urban domestic gardens (VII): a preliminary survey of soil seed banks." Seed Science Research 15, no. 2 (June 2005): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ssr2005201.
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As part of a larger survey of biodiversity in private gardens in Sheffield, UK, we examined the composition and diversity of the soil seed banks in each of 56 gardens. Six soil cores from each garden revealed 2759 seedlings of 119 taxa, although the real species richness is likely to be much higher than this. By far the most abundant species were weedy natives, while the most common alien was Buddleja davidii. Seeds of perennial herbs were more abundant than hundreds of all other life forms combined. More frequent species were also more abundant, but the relationship was weak. Numbers of species in the seed bank and in the garden flora were positively but very weakly related. Seeds were quite evenly distributed between 0–5 cm and 5–10 cm soil layers, and most seeds were of species known to have persistent seed banks. Seeds of some species were largely confined to gardens in which the plant was growing, but others were not.
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Middleton, Beth, and Casey R. Williams. "Seed banks of rare Physostegia correllii (Lamiaceae) in Lady Bird Lake, Austin, Texas, U.S.A." Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 17, no. 1 (July 21, 2023): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v17.i1.1301.
Full textAbstract:
Rare species threatened by climate and land-use change may harbor seeds in soil seed banks for periods of time even if adults have disappeared from the site. Soil samples were collected from sites with current Phyostegia correllii populations and from sites with former populations in Lady Bird Lake (a reservoir of the Colorado River, Austin, Texas. A seedling emergence study was conducted under greenhouse conditions, and the presence/absence of seedling emergence was recorded for two years. Seeds germinated from the seed banks of all current and former colonies tested. The presence of seed banks in a historical site (Blunn Creek) of Physostegia correllii suggests that management to encourage the germination of seeds might help to encourage the establishment of populations of this species. The re-establishment of disturbance fugitives might be facilitated by removing overhanging ground vegetation or imposing water management regimes that mimic natural floodplain dynamics.
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Cao, Min, Yong Tang, Caiyu Sheng, and Jianhou Zhang. "Viable seeds buried in the tropical forest soils of Xishuangbanna, SW China." Seed Science Research 10, no. 3 (September 2000): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258500000283.
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AbstractThis paper examines the composition and density of soil seed banks under a mature seasonal rain forest (>150 years old), three secondary forests (4 yr Trema orientalis forest, 9 yr Macaranga denticulata forest and 25 yr Mallotus paniculatus forest) and in a slash-and-burn field of Xishuangbanna, southwest China. Seeds in the secondary forests germinated most rapidly in the first week, while the seeds of the seasonal rain forest and the slash-and-burn field soils germinated slowly over the first 6 weeks and peaked in the seventh and eighth weeks. Seed densities were 4585–65,665 seeds m−2 for forest sites and 1130 seeds m−2 for the slash-and-burn field in the top 10 cm of the soils. The seed density decreased with soil depth in the forest sites and tended to decline during succession. Herbs accounted for the largest proportion of seeds at all five sites. The importance of woody species, however, increased as forests became older. Slash and burn eliminated a large number of seeds in the upper soil and, consequently, reversed the vertical distribution of seeds in the soil and had a negative impact on family, genus and species richness of the soil seed bank as well.
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Allen, P. S., S. E. Meyer, and J. Beckstead. "Predictive model for soil seedbank outcomes in the Pyrenophora semeniperda–Bromus tectorum pathosystem." Plant Protection Science 49, Special Issue (November 19, 2013): S21—S23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/36/2013-pps.
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Pyrenophora semeniperda is abundant in soil seed banks of Bromus tectorum, where it kills a fraction of seeds throughout the year. The pathogen engages in a race with host seeds for endosperm resources; the pathogen success is negatively correlated with seed germination speed. We developed a deterministic model to predict pathosystem outcomes (seed death versus seed escape), using seed bank data from 80 sites collected over a 13-year period. The response variable (killed seeds in the spring seed bank) was regressed on multiple predictor variables (pathogen and host densities at seed dispersal, amount and timing of precipitation). Increased mortality was associated with high seed rain, high pathogen density, and low autumn precipitation. On xeric sites, a positive feedback loop between pathogen and host is created by a large carryover seed bank containing secondarily dormant seeds vulnerable to fungal attack and results in higher inoculum loads at seed dispersal the following year.
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Ferrandis, Pablo, José M. Herranz, and Juan J. Martínez-Sśnchez. "FIRE IMPACT ON A MAQUIS SOIL SEED BANK IN CABAÑEROS NATIONAL PARK (CENTRAL SPAIN)." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 47, no. 1 (April 12, 1999): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07929978.1999.10676747.
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The direct impact of fire on the soil seed bank and the changes observed one year later were studied by analysis of seed content in sample layers at depths of 0–2 cm and 2–5 cm. Fire had a severe but selective impact on the soil seed bank: species with transient seed reserves accumulating on the soil surface were eliminated, whereas species with persistent buried seed reserves tended to remain in the soil after the passage of fire. Thick seed coats were shown to be an efficient mechanical protection barrier to fire. One year after fire, trade-off between input and output into seed bank produced a conspicuous recovery of seed density and species richness on the soil surface, and a pronounced impoverishment in the 2–5-cm-depth soil layer. In general, seed banks of woody species were severely depleted due to the lack of replacement following fire, with the exception of Erica, which maintained a high seed bank density in the upper soil layer. The post-fire recovery of soil seed populations was mainly due to two clearly differentiated groups of annuals. The first group was of species whose seeds survived fire, germinated, and completed their phenological cycle. They were mainly fire-ephemerals. The second group consisted of wind-dispersed species whose soil seed banks had suffered a very severe (even total) depletion by fire. They were mainly Gramineae and Compositae species which behaved as opportunistic fire-sensitive invaders.
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Walck, Jeffrey L., Jerry M. Baskin, Carol C. Baskin, and Siti N. Hidayati. "Defining transient and persistent seed banks in species with pronounced seasonal dormancy and germination patterns." Seed Science Research 15, no. 3 (September 2005): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ssr2005209.
Full textAbstract:
The most often used time-line for distinguishing a transient seed bank from a persistent seed bank is one calendar year. Thus, species whose seeds live in or on the soil for <1 year have a transient seed bank, whereas those whose seeds live for ≥1 year have a persistent seed bank. However, dormancy cycling of seeds buried in soil has not been given due consideration in these models. When dormancy cycling is considered, it is shown that seeds of both autumn-germinators and spring-germinators are in the dormant state when they are 1 year old. Thus, unless the seeds live until at least the second germination season (i.e. usually 16–18 months following dispersal), they are, in effect, part of a transient seed bank, having lived through only one germination season. We propose that for seeds of such species to be considered part of a short-term persistent seed bank, they should remain viable and germinable until at least the second germination season, and to be part of a long-term persistent seed bank, until at least the sixth germination season. Our definitions are applicable to seeds with physiological, physical or morphophysiological dormancy, which often require >1 year after maturity to come out of dormancy in nature. We discuss modifications of the seedling emergence method for detection of a soil seed bank, so that they correspond to our definitions of seed-bank strategies.
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Funes, Guillermo, Sandra Basconcelo, Sandra Díaz, and Marcelo Cabido. "Seed size and shape are good predictors of seed persistence in soil in temperate mountain grasslands of Argentina." Seed Science Research 9, no. 4 (April 1999): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258599000355.
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AbstractWe tested whether seed mass and shape are good predictors of seed persistence in the soil of subhumid temperate montane grasslands of central Argentina. We plotted seed mass against variance of seed dimensions of 71 herbaceous species and obtained information on their persistence in the soil from a previous experiment on germinable seed banks. We identified a certain seed mass/shape combination beyond which no seed was persistent in the soil, with the exception of the annual Tagetes minuta. Our results confirmed the patterns previously reported for British species: small and compact seeds tend to persist in the soil for a longer time than big and elongated or flattened seeds. We suggest that the value of seed mass and shape as predictors of persistence in the soil can be extended beyond the British flora to herbaceous floras from other humid temperate regions.
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Zhang, K. Q., X. C. Yang, Z. Shen, L. Y. Ma, J. Duan, and Y. Li. "Properties and Distribution of Seed Banks in a Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) Plantation in Central China." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 21, no. 1 (March 6, 2022): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2022.v21i01.044.
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We aimed to compare the properties of seed banks in different types of Robinia pseudoacacia stands and different substratum layers. We established four Black locust plots (each 50 × 50 m) that included two second-generation stands and two third-generation stands. Spatial coordinates, diameter at breast height, and the heights of all trees were measured in the four plots. In each plot, we set a total of 259 points using the regular grid design method. At these points, we sampled the seed banks in the litter and soil (0-5 cm) layers. The coordinates of the 259 points were recorded. After the samples had been collected and screened, a germination trial was performed using the collected seeds from the different layers and stands. We used variogram and kriging interpolation geostatistical methods to analyze the distribution of the seed banks. A kernel density estimation map was generated to examine the relationship between the seed bank and trees in each stand. The results showed that seed bank density was high in the four stands (4005-7325 seeds.m-2), and was higher in the third-generation stands (6085 and 7325 seeds.m-2) than in the second-generation stands (4005 and 5659 seeds.m-2). The seed bank density in the litter layer (3225 seeds.m-2) exceeded that in the soil layer (2164 seeds.m-2). The spatial pattern of the seed banks varied among different stands and was positively correlated with the distribution of trees in each stand. Furthermore, we found that spatial autocorrelation in the seed banks occurred at a variety of scales. Seeds in the litter layer were significantly more active than those in the soil layer; the germination rate varied from 6.67% to 28.89%. The findings of this study suggest that the Robinia pseudoacacia plantation in the Luoning area may exhibit potential for regeneration from seeds, and this will be the focus of our future studies.
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Dekker, Jack. "Soil Weed Seed Banks and Weed Management." Journal of Crop Production 2, no. 1 (March 2, 1999): 139–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j144v02n01_08.
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Han, Yingying, Ganesh K. Jaganathan, Jingwen Zhou, Shiwei Wei, and Baolin Liu. "The Adaptation to Freezing Tolerance of Hydrated Lettuce Seeds: Effects of Regional Climate and of Seed Characteristics." Cryoletters 43, no. 4 (July 1, 2022): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.54680/fr22410110412.
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BACKGROUND: With global warming, soil seed banks at high altitudes face dual challenges, excessive water absorption and thinner snow cover that increase underground temperature. A better understanding of freezing tolerance of hydrated seeds provides insights for conservation in natural soil seed banks. OBJECTIVE: To understand the adaptation mechanisms of seed freezing tolerance under various climates, in relation to cooling rate and seed size. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve ecotypes of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds were collected from different geographical locations around the world. Seeds were fully hydrated and tested for their freezing tolerance using programmed cooling methods. RESULTS: The size of seeds from different climate regions varied, and was correlated with the freezing tolerance of the hydrated seeds (P< 0.05). Larger seeds showed poorer freezing tolerance. The local climates of maternal plants were also well correlated to seed freezing tolerance ( P< 0.05), especially under slow cooling conditions. The seeds collected in regions with high spring rainfall exhibited greater freezing tolerance. CONCLUSION: Freezing tolerance of hydrated seeds is affected by the climate of maternal plants and by seed size. Our data revealed the existence of an adaptation mechanism of freezing tolerance among various ecotypes of lettuce seeds.
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Suleiman, Majda K., Arvind Bhatt, Sheena Jacob, Rini R. Thomas, and Mini T. Sivadasan. "Seed Longevity in Desert Species and the Possibility of Forming a Persistent Soil Seed Bank." Sustainability 15, no. 22 (November 14, 2023): 15904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152215904.
Full textAbstract:
The formation of soil seed banks could be an important survival strategy for desert plant species that determine their persistence under harsh conditions, where temperature is extremely high, and chances of rainfall are low and unpredictable. Therefore, the assessment of the seed viability and germination potential of in-situ stored seeds could be important for understanding their reproductive strategies. Seeds of the studied species were collected in 2017 and divided into two batches. The first batch (fresh seeds) of each species was tested for seed germination within one week after collection. However, the second batch (in-situ stored seeds) was tested for seed germination in the first week of October 2022. In the current study, the germination potential of in-situ stored seeds was investigated in order to determine their ability to remain viable under natural conditions. Stored seeds of studied species showed higher germination percentages (53–89%) than fresh seeds (3–34%), except for Peganum harmala, indicating the presence of seed dormancy at the time of seed maturation. Seed germination percentages of all the species were significantly enhanced by storage, indicating their ability to form persistent soil seed banks, although the extent was species-specific. Fresh seeds of all the species attained higher germination in light as compared to complete darkness, suggesting that the germination of seeds can be restricted if they are buried deep in the soil under natural conditions. However, depending on species, in-situ seed storage changed the light requirement for germination. Additionally, the absence of an increase in the ratio of dead seeds between fresh and stored seeds indicates their ability to remain persistent in a soil seed bank and thus may offer great potential for maintaining and restoring desert ecosystems.