Journal articles: 'Soil samples'

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Smutný, V., and J. Křen. "The effect of different soil core samplers on precision of estimating weed seedbank in soil." Plant, Soil and Environment 49, No. 10 (December 10, 2011): 466–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4158-pse.

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The effect of different soil sampling procedures on the precision of estimating the weed seedbank in soil using three soil core samplers with a circular base of 1.3, 6.4 and 8.0 cmin diameter was studied in a model experiment. The results showed the importance of a methodological approach. The soil sampler with a larger diameter is more useful for the objective assessment of the species spectrum (detection of seeds of all weed species in the soil). Furthermore, the value of the coefficient of variation (vx) decreases along with the increasing diameter of the soil sampler. The value of vx assessed in partial samples taken with a sampler of 1.3 cm diameter was double to three times higher than for soil samplers of 6.4 and 8.0 cm. The value of vx increased in individual weed species at decreasing seed frequency in individual partial samples from 17.82 to 316.23%. The soil core with the diameter of8.0 cm on the area of1 m2 is optimal for the exact research. To estimate the weed seedbank in soil in small-plot experiments, one partial sample on the area of5 m2 is recommended. To obtain comparable results, it is necessary to take a higher number of samples at a decreasing diameter of the soil sampler. Likewise, a larger amount of samples is needed to detect less abundant species.

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Jannuzzi, Graziella M. F., Fernando A. B. Danziger, and Ian S. M. Martins. "Surprising Soil Behaviour in Soil Sampling." Soils and Rocks 36, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.28927/sr.363265.

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Thick wall (6.6 mm wall thickness) plastic samplers, 97.2 mm in internal diameter (area ratio of 29%), 700 mm in length (length of soil sample 640 mm), with a cutting edge angle of 23°, without clearance and with a sampler head have been used to collect very soft clay samples at Sarapuí II test site. Very good to excellent and good to fair quality samples have been surprisingly obtained in most cases, which were attributed to a combination of five factors: the absence of an inside clearance, the low friction of the plastic sampler, the small “trick” to close the top of the sampling rods assuring that suction would be imposed on the top of the sample, the very careful handling and trimming process, combined with no extrusion of the sample, and the small ratio between specimen diameter and sample diameter. It is still too early to propose the use of thick wall plastic samplers - in combination with the procedures outlined above - to be used in regular undisturbed soft clay sampling, and more research is needed to identify the role of each procedure in the final result. However, if confirmed, the procedures adopted will allow significant cost saving with respect to the use of thin wall brass (or stainless steel) samplers.

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Folegatti, Marcos Vinícius, René Porfirio Camponez do Brasil, and Flávio Favaro Blanco. "Sampling equipament for soil bulk density determination tested in a Kandiudalfic Eutrudox and a Typic Hapludox." Scientia Agricola 58, no. 4 (December 2001): 833–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162001000400027.

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In spatial variability studies of soil physical properties the influence of different samplers on the results is seldomly taken into account. The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of five different types of sampling equipment for soil bulk density determination, in two different soils a Kandiudalfic Eutrudox and a Typic Hapludox, both of Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Equipment used for soil undisturbed sampling were: (i) Uhland soil sampler; (ii) Kopecky's Ring; (iii) soil core sampler, model "Soil Moisture"; (iv) soil core sampler Bravifer AI-50 and (v) soil core sampler Bravifer AI-100. The sampling was made in 4 grids of 1m², each with 25 sampling points, with five replications, resulting 100 samples for each soil. It was concluded that the sampling techniques can influence soil bulk density distributions, mainly in the case of clayey soils (Kandiudalfic Eutrudox). The Kopecky's Ring presented larger soil density values, overestimating this property for the two soils studied. The soil core sampler Bravifer AI-50 presented results closest to the overall average of the Typic Hapludox.

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SCHUPPLI, P. A. "TOTAL FLUORINE IN CSSC REFERENCE SOIL SAMPLES." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 65, no. 3 (August 1, 1985): 605–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss85-065.

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Total fluorine was measured in a variety of Canadian soils using the lithium metaborate-nitric acid solution technique in conjunction with the fluoride electrode. Total fluorine ranged from 90 to 1000 mg∙kg−1. Key words: Soil fluorine analysis, fluoride electrode, CSSC reference soil samples

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Ale, Temitayo Olamide. "EFFECT OF DRYING TEMPERATURE ON THE ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF STABILISED AND NATURAL SOILS FOR ROAD CONSTRUCTION." Engineering Heritage Journal 6, no. 1 (2022): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/gwk.01.2022.01.05.

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The aim of this investigation is to determine the effect of drying temperature on the geotechnical properties of natural soils and stabilised soils. Soil samples were taken along Supare Akoko- Emure Ekiti road from three locations at the depth of 1m each. Soil sample for location 1 soil was taken from a stable section while soil samples from locations 2 & 3 were taken from the failed portions of the road. The following laboratory analysis were conducted on the soil samples; atterberg limit test, grain size analysis, Linear shrinkage, Specific gravity, Compaction test and California Bearing Ratio test (CBR). The results show that sampled soil from location 1 has better engineering properties than soil samples from Loc. 2 and 3. This is an indication that the soils of locations 2 & 3 contributed to the failing of the failed part. These three soil samples were further tested by adding 6% (of the total weight of the sampled soils) of Saw dust ash (SDA) and Fine Palm kernel shells (FPKSA) to the soil as stabilisers. Both the index and strength properties improved upon the addition of stabilizers with SDA proving to be a better stabiliser. Under varying temperature of pretest drying with stabilisers (SDA and FKPSA) and without stabiliser; the same engineering properties were considered. The results show that temperature plays a major role to better the properties of the soil.

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S. S. Patil, S. S. Patil, H. D. Gandhe H. D. Gandhe, and I. B. Ghorade I. B.Ghorade. "Physicochemical Properties of Soil Samples of Ahmednagar Industrial Area." Global Journal For Research Analysis 3, no. 4 (June 15, 2012): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/apr2014/26.

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Plewes, Howard D., V. Sitham Pillai, Michael R. Morgan, and Brian L. Kilpatrick. "In situ sampling, density measurements, and testing of foundation soils at Duncan Dam." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 31, no. 6 (December 1, 1994): 927–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t94-108.

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As part of the B.C. Hydro Dam Safety Review of Duncan Dam, a comprehensive two-phased program of field and laboratory investigations was carried out between 1988 and 1992 to evaluate the potential for liquefaction of the foundation soils during an earthquake. The initial screening level phase 1 field investigations comprised basic soil sampling, standard penetration tests, and cone penetration tests to determine the spatial distribution of the foundation soils beneath the dam and to characterize the basic engineering properties of the soil units. A screening study using Seed's liquefaction assessment method indicated that soil unit 3c consisting of uniform fine-grained sand would be susceptible to liquefaction. The phase 2 investigations consisted of detailed and careful soil sampling to obtain high-quality in situ samples of the unit 3c sand for laboratory triaxial and simple shear tests. Samples were obtained using a conventional fixed piston sampler and a specially modified Christensen double core barrel sampler. The samples were frozen to minimize sample disturbance during handling and transport. Ground freezing was also conducted using liquid nitrogen, and the frozen soil was sampled using a CRREL core barrel. Borehole density logging was performed to assess the quality and level of disturbance of the soil samples. This paper discusses the procedures and results of the phases 1 and 2 field investigations. Key words : standard penetration test, cone penetration test, geophysical logging, energy calibration, soil sampling, freezing.

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Dunnebacke, Thelma H., Frederick L. Schuster, Shigeo Yagi, and Gregory C. Booton. "Balamuthia mandrillaris from soil samples." Microbiology 150, no. 9 (September 1, 2004): 2837–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.27218-0.

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Balamuthia mandrillaris amoebas are recognized as a causative agent of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, a disease that is usually fatal. They were first recognized when isolated from the brain of a mandrill baboon that died in the San Diego Zoo Wild Life Animal Park. Subsequently, the amoebas have been found in a variety of animals, including humans (young and old, immunocompromised and immunocompetent persons), in countries around the world. Until recently, the amoebas had not been recovered from the environment and their free-living status was in question. The recovery of a Balamuthia amoeba from a soil sample taken from a plant at the home of a child from California, USA, who died of Balamuthia amoebic encephalitis, was reported previously. In a continued investigation, a second amoeba was isolated from soil that was obtained from an outdoor potted plant in a spatially unrelated location. A comparison of these two environmental amoebas that were isolated from different soils with the amoeba that was obtained from the child's clinical specimen is reported here. Included are the isolation procedure for the amoebas, their growth requirements, their immunological response to anti-Balamuthia serum, their sensitivity to a selection of antimicrobials and sequence analysis of their 16S rRNA gene. The evidence is consistent that the amoebas isolated from both soil samples and the clinical isolate obtained from the Californian child are B. mandrillaris.

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Jiří, Zbíral, Smatanová Michaela, and Němec Pavel. "Sulphur status in agricultural soils determined using the Mehlich 3 method." Plant, Soil and Environment 64, No. 6 (May 31, 2018): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/142/2018-pse.

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Several sets of soil samples were chosen to demonstrate the applicability of the Mehlich 3 extractant for the determination of sulphur (S) in soils. Archived samples from 139 basal soil monitoring plots (BSMS) sampled in 1995 and 2013, samples from eleven long-term field trials sampled in 1981 and 2017, 1167 soil samples from the areas vulnerable to S losses and 720 samples from the non-vulnerable areas sampled in 2010 were chosen for the experiments. Mehlich 3 clearly showed a statistically highly significant decrease in the soil S content caused by reduction of SO<sub>2</sub> emissions in the long-term field experiments from 33 mg/kg in 1981 to 8 mg/kg in 2017 for the median of the untreated controls. Similar results were obtained for BSMS samples, where an average decrease from 26 mg/kg in 1995 to 17 mg/kg in 2013 was found. Mehlich 3 also showed that more than 52% of samples from the areas vulnerable to S losses were in a very low content category in contrast to only 3% of soils from the other areas. Mehlich 3 clearly proved the capacity to distinguish changes in the content of soil S in all studied cases.

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Giesler, R., and U. Lundström. "Soil Solution Chemistry: Effects of Bulking Soil Samples." Soil Science Society of America Journal 57, no. 5 (September 1993): 1283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1993.03615995005700050020x.

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Bolland, M. D. A., M. J. Baker, and I. R. Wilson. "Soil phosphorus testing: 2. Assessment of a rotary blade soil sampler for collecting soil samples to measure soil test phosphorus." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 25, no. 13-14 (August 1994): 2385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103629409369195.

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12

R., Saraswathi. "Isolation of Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria from Soil and Water Samples." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 23, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 1597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v23i4/pr190484.

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13

Adekeye, Adekunle Moses, Olabode Olabanji Olofinyo, and Temitayo Olamide Ale. "ENGINEERING PROPERTIES AND STRENGTH EVALUATION OF SUBSOIL IN EDE NORTH, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA: ITS COMPETENCE FOR FOUNDATION PURPOSES." Engineering Heritage Journal 5, no. 2 (September 10, 2021): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/gwk.02.2021.58.64.

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This research is aimed at examining the strength properties of subsoil at Ede North, Southwestern Nigeria so as to determine its competence as foundation material. A total of 45 soil samples: 30 disturbed samples and 15 undisturbed samples were taken for different tests and analysis. These samples were subjected to laboratory tests of grain size analysis, atterberg limits for the disturbed samples while density, triaxial compression test, permeability, unconfined compression test and odometer consolidation test for the undisturbed samples. The liquid limit of the soil samples at Pit A, Pit B, Pit C, Pit D and Pit E range from 34.57% to 46.20%, 42.43%-48.02%, 40.20%-50.14%, 35.21%-46.04% and 43.04%-47.62% respectively. The plasticity indexes of the soil samples at all pit points range from 16.90%-22.70%. The specific gravity of the subsoil ranges from 2.55 to 2.65. This shows that these sampled soils are either sand or silty sand. The coarse contents of the sampled soil ranges from 33.7% to 61.2% while the fine contents ranges from 38.8% to 66.3%. Samples in pit A fall within the A-7-6 and A-6, samples in pit B and E falls within A-7-6, samples in pit C falls within A-7-6 and A-7-5 while most samples in pit D falls within A-7-6 and A-6. This implies that the soil samples are rated between fair to poor sub-grade materials. They general fall under clayey soils. The coefficient of permeability for the soils ranged from 6.45 × 10-8cm to 1.4 × 10-9cm which classified them as practically impermeable soils. Again, the values of the shear strength parameters are; the angle of internal friction ranged from 11.90 to 37.50, the cohesion ranges from 4.7 kPa to 84.9kPa.

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Showstack, Randy, and Ernie Balcerak. "Curiosity analyzes Martian soil samples." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 93, no. 50 (December 11, 2012): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012eo500004.

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Taylor, Lawrence A., Yang Liu, and Gary Lofgren. "Integrity of lunar soil samples." Nature Geoscience 9, no. 2 (February 2016): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2637.

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Baixeras, C., B. Erlandsson, Ll Font, and G. Jönsson. "Radon emanation from soil samples." Radiation Measurements 34, no. 1-6 (June 2001): 441–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1350-4487(01)00203-7.

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Gijsbers, G. H. M., S. Henstra, E. B. A. Bisdom, and J. Greve. "Raman microspectroscopy of soil samples." Ultramicroscopy 19, no. 1 (January 1986): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3991(86)90021-5.

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Sayyed, Mohammed I., Ferdi Akman, Veysel Turan, and Aslı Araz. "Evaluation of radiation absorption capacity of some soil samples." Radiochimica Acta 107, no. 1 (December 19, 2018): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2018-2996.

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Abstract The aim of the present work is to investigate the radiation absorption capacity of different soil samples in Turkey. For this purpose, we used a γ ray transmission geometry to measure the mass attenuation coefficients of eight soil samples collected between Bingöl city and Solhan district, Turkey at different γ-ray energies in the range of 13.94–88.04 keV. The radioactive sources utilized in the experiment were 241Am, 109Cd and 133Ba. FFAST and WinXCOM programs were used to evaluate the theoretical mass attenuation coefficients values of the selected soil samples. There is a good agreement between experimental and theoretical results. Additionally, the mass attenuation coefficients values used to evaluate different radiation shielding parameters such as effective atomic number, half value layer and mean free path. The variation of shielding parameters was examined for soil composition and photon energy. The obtained results revealed that S6 soil sample is the best soil in terms of shielding effectiveness among all the collected soils due to lower values for half value layer and mean free path. The effective removal cross-section (ΣR) of fast neutrons for the collected soils was also computed to examine neutrons shielding properties of the soil samples. It is found that the ΣR values for the soil samples are almost constant and lie within the range (0.04286–0.04949 cm−1).

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Neufeld, Josh D., and William W. Mohn. "Unexpectedly High Bacterial Diversity in Arctic Tundra Relative to Boreal Forest Soils, Revealed by Serial Analysis of Ribosomal Sequence Tags." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 10 (October 2005): 5710–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.10.5710-5718.2005.

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ABSTRACT Arctic tundra and boreal forest soils have globally relevant functions that affect atmospheric chemistry and climate, yet the bacterial composition and diversity of these soils have received little study. Serial analysis of ribosomal sequence tags (SARST) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) were used to compare composite soil samples taken from boreal and arctic biomes. This study comprises an extensive comparison of geographically distant soil bacterial communities, involving the analysis of 12,850 ribosomal sequence tags from six composite soil samples. Bacterial diversity estimates were greater for undisturbed arctic tundra soil samples than for boreal forest soil samples, with the highest diversity associated with a sample from an extreme northern location (82oN). The lowest diversity estimate was obtained from an arctic soil sample that was disturbed by compaction and sampled from a greater depth. Since samples from the two biomes did not form distinct clusters on the basis of SARST data and DGGE fingerprints, factors other than latitude likely influenced the phylogenetic compositions of these communities. The high number of ribosomal sequences analyzed enabled the identification of possible cosmopolitan and endemic bacterial distributions in particular soils.

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Brinch, Ulla C., Flemming Ekelund, and Carsten S. Jacobsen. "Method for Spiking Soil Samples with Organic Compounds." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 4 (April 2002): 1808–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.4.1808-1816.2002.

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ABSTRACT We examined the harmful side effects on indigenous soil microorganisms of two organic solvents, acetone and dichloromethane, that are normally used for spiking of soil with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for experimental purposes. The solvents were applied in two contamination protocols to either the whole soil sample or 25% of the soil volume, which was subsequently mixed with 75% untreated soil. For dichloromethane, we included a third protocol, which involved application to 80% of the soil volume with or without phenanthrene and introduction of Pseudomonas fluorescens VKI171 SJ132 genetically tagged with luxAB::Tn5. For both solvents, application to the whole sample resulted in severe side effects on both indigenous protozoa and bacteria. Application of dichloromethane to the whole soil volume immediately reduced the number of protozoa to below the detection limit. In one of the soils, the protozoan population was able to recover to the initial level within 2 weeks, in terms of numbers of protozoa; protozoan diversity, however, remained low. In soil spiked with dichloromethane with or without phenanthrene, the introduced P. fluorescens VKI171 SJ132 was able to grow to a density 1,000-fold higher than in control soil, probably due mainly to release of predation from indigenous protozoa. In order to minimize solvent effects on indigenous soil microorganisms when spiking native soil samples with compounds having a low water solubility, we propose a common protocol in which the contaminant dissolved in acetone is added to 25% of the soil sample, followed by evaporation of the solvent and mixing with the remaining 75% of the soil sample.

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R. W. Malone, M. J. Shipitalo, L. W. Douglass, L. B. Owens, T. C. Nelsen, R. C. Warner, and M. E. Byers. "ASSESSING HERBICIDE MOVEMENT USING SOIL SAMPLES VERSUS PERCOLATE SAMPLES." Transactions of the ASAE 43, no. 2 (2000): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.2710.

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Vrdoljak, Gordon. "Preparation Of Soil Samples For Light And Transmission Electron Microsopy." Microscopy Today 11, no. 5 (October 2003): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500053232.

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Soil structure influences water supply to plant roots, aeration, water infiltration rates, suitability of soil medium for seed germination and growth, growth of plant roots, drainage, evaporation, mechanical strength, and workability (Dexter 1988). Adequate description of soil structure for cultivation, engineering, or remediation is typically done by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Literature exists in numerous sources for preparation of soils for microscopy, but often preparation steps are left out due to the shortening of Methods Sections in journal articles to conserve print space. I present here, protocols I've used for preparation of tropical soils (Oxisols) for microscopy.

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Park, Hyo-Je, Sang-Yoon Lee, Cheol-Woo Han, and Giyoung Kweon. "Pretreatment of Soil Samples for Rapid Soil Phosphorus Measurement." Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 50, no. 3 (June 30, 2016): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2016.50.3.193.

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Prikner, P., F. Lachnit, and F. Dvořák. "A new soil core sampler for determination bulk density in soil profile." Plant, Soil and Environment 50, No. 6 (December 10, 2011): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4029-pse.

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The portable soil core sampler was engineered for gradual sampling of soil profile in the depth up to 0.5 m, which ensures extraction of the whole sample volume of soil profile in determinable depth. The portable soil core sampler was compared with the professional soil probe Eijkelkamp P1.31 (Eijkelkamp Agrisearch Equipment, Netherlands) in field conditions. The portable sampler was compared with the physical soil sample rings in laboratory conditions to eliminate all of possible restrictive aspects affecting the procedure of measurement. The portable soil core sampler with inner diameter 71 mm, depth 120 mmenables gradually take samples of soil profile by step of 50 mmand is able to detect possible local extremes. On the other hand a soil probe is not able to reach desired accuracy in taking of a soil sample. Values measured from a soil probe approximately taken by step of 150 mmare inaccurate. The values of bulk density of both sampling methods were variable at significant interval from 40 into 80 kg/m<sup>3</sup>. Different values could be caused by soil profile condition and by the use of different sampling methods. The design of a portable soil sampler should be of assistance in fast and precise soil profiling sample collection, which is required to determine bulk density of the soil, its variance depending on moisture content in soil compaction determining criteria.

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Dimitrova, Maria, Evgeniya Dimova, Zhana Mitrovska, Veneta Kapchina-Toteva, and Stephka Chankova. "Testing of polluted soil samples for genotoxic potential using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii." Algological Studies 123 (May 1, 2007): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1864-1318/2007/0123-0111.

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Vodyanitskii, Yuriy, and Tatiana Minkina. "Changing the properties of samples after extraction from wet soil: a short review." Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis 20, no. 4 (August 5, 2020): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/geochem2020-033.

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Laboratory-dried specimens yield distorted information about the state of hydromorphic soil. Changes in the gas medium, humidity, temperature, aggregation capacity and illumination have an irreversible impact on the dried and powdered soil specimen. Properties of the dried hydromorphic soil can be altered significantly. Most altered are (1) the colour of the hydromorphic soils, (2) the рН value, and (3) the content of mobile trace metal (TM) compounds after drying the wet soil. Colour change (browning) of the hydromorphic soil is related to the oxidation of Fe(II). In a highly ferruginous soil, the browning is rapid and visible even to the naked eye. In the weakly ferruginous gley, the colour change is invisible to the naked eye, but instrumental field measurements reveal a slow and slight yellowing of the dried gley. In dried soils, laboratory рН values determined in soil suspension differ from the values determined in soil solution at the same time. The process of drying provokes a significant decrease in the content of mobile TM compounds, resulting in the illusion of less soil contamination than the real situation during hydromorphic soil humidification. When studying hydromorphic soils, it is desirable to accomplish the maximum possible field measurements. Laboratory analyses should only be carried out for specimens stored under dark conditions since they retain the initial humidity, temperature and gas composition.

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Tatzber, Michael, Franz Mutsch, Axel Mentler, Ernst Leitgeb, Michael Englisch, and Martin H. Gerzabek. "Capillary electrophoresis characterisation of humic acids: application to diverse forest soil samples." Environmental Chemistry 8, no. 6 (2011): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en11054.

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Environmental contextAnalysis of soil organic matter is important for understanding turnover and stabilisation processes of organic carbon in soils. Capillary electrophoresis is used here to investigate humic acids from soils of diverse forest sites, and show that the patterns of signals are indicative of soil characteristics. The method provides useful information of soil types and complements the existing set of methods for humic acid characterisation. AbstractAnalyses of humic substances provide very useful information about turnover characteristics and stabilisation processes of soil organic matter in environmental soil samples. The present study investigates 113 samples of forest soils from three different layers (undecomposed litter (L), if present, mixed samples of F (intermediate decomposed) and H (highly decomposed) organic matter (FH) and upper mineral soil layers (Ah horizon) from 0 to 5 cm) by extracting humic acids (HAs) and recording electropherograms. Five signals of these electropherograms were evaluated and correlated with basic parameters from soil (organic carbon, Corg, and total nitrogen, Nt, and extraction yields of HAs) and HAs (total carbon, Ct, and Nt), and with signals from photometry, mid-infrared and fluorescence spectroscopy. The developed method was able to separate HAs from different soil layers by calculating a discriminant function based on the five evaluated electrophoretic signals. The dataset of this work opened the opportunity to correlate the observed electrophoretic signals with the other determined soil parameters and spectroscopic signals. This can be seen as a very important step in the direction to assignments of the obtained electrophoretic signals. Soil characteristics were reflected quite well by this method and, combined with the other approaches, it is suitable for applications in further studies.

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Várallyay, Szilvia, Diána Szilva, Áron Soós, and Béla Kovács. "Comparative analysis of sample preparation methods to determine the concentration of arsenic in soil- and plant-samples." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 69 (March 23, 2016): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/69/1807.

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Arsenic contamination of the fields and groundwater is a global problem. Alföld is the most affected area in Hungary. Irrigation witharsenic contaminated water, and crop production on the contaminated soil can cause a food safety problem, because arsenic is easy taken up by the cell of the plant roots. To prevent this, very important to monitoring the arsenic content of soils and plants. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a fast, easy method to determined the concentration of minerals in the case of plant and soil samples The analytical methods can give reliable, results if the analytical process, including the sample preparation method, is the best. The objective of this study was to compare 3 type of sample preparation method which was dry ashing, wet digestion in open system, and microwave digestion. As a result of our experiement shows the microwave digestion is the appropriate method to determined the arsenic content of soil samples. In the case of plant samples we can use wet digestion in open system or microwave digestion as a samle preparation method.

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Yulnafatmawita, Yulnafatmawita, Adrinal Adrinal, and Sudewi Isminingsih. "KAJIAN SIFAT FISIKA TANAH PADA PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN MANGGIS (Garcinia mangostana L.) DI KABUPATEN LIMA PULUH KOTA." Jurnal Solum 5, no. 2 (July 2, 2008): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/js.5.2.78-87.2008.

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This research was aimed to evaluate physical properties of soils grown by mangosteen crops in Lima Puluh Kota Regency, especially in Kecamatan Payakumbuh and Kecamatan Guguk, in West Sumatra. Soils were sampled by using sample rings for undisturbed and by using soil driller for disturbed samples on 0-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm soil depth. Soil samples were analyzed in Soil Laboratory Agriculture Faculty, Andalas University, Padang. The results showed that soil texture in two locations was similar, that was silty loam for the 0-40 cm depth, and clay for the 40-60 depth. However, generally soil organic matter content in Guguk was lower than that in Payakumbuh, that was medium to low, BV from low to high, total porosity from high to medium, and permeability from high to slightly slow. Key Words: Soil physical properties, mangostana

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Gnatowski, Tomasz, Ewa Ostrowska-Ligęza, Cedric Kechavarzi, Grzegorz Kurzawski, and Jan Szatyłowicz. "Heat Capacity of Drained Peat Soils." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (February 1, 2022): 1579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031579.

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Soil-specific heat capacity (cp) and volumetric heat capacity (Cv) are recognized as a fundamental soil property essential for the accurate prediction of soil temperature and heat flow. This study presents the analysis of these thermal properties for drained peat soils in Poland. The objectives of this study were to (i) measure and develop a method for determining cp, (ii) analyze the (Cv) data for undisturbed soil samples from surface layers, and (iii) test the applicability of the cp value for calculating Cv of drained peat soils using the mixing model concept. The cp value was measured under laboratory conditions using a modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) for 18 soil layers sampled in six degraded peat soil profiles. The Cv was estimated for undisturbed triplicate soil samples from the 22 depths (66 samples) by using a dual-needle probe. The cp data for the organic soils were linearly temperature-dependent (MDSC) for the temperature range considered (−20–30 °C). The overall average cp value was equal to 1.202 J g−1 K−1 at a temperature of 0 °C. An increment in temperature of 1 °C corresponded to an increase in cp of 0.0043 J g−1 K−1 on average. Nevertheless, the lowest cp value was obtained for moss samples whereas the highest value represents alder peats. The Cv data measured using the heat thermal probe (HTP) method changed linearly with changes in the soil moisture content (θv) of the moorsh soils. The volumetric heat capacity calculated using the mixing model was comparable to the mean of measured values obtained on the triplicate samples.

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Ross, DJ. "Influence of soil mineral nitrogen content on soil respiratory activity and measurements of microbial carbon and nitrogen by fumigation-incubation procedures." Soil Research 28, no. 2 (1990): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9900311.

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The influence of soil mineral-N (min-N) content on rates of respiratory activity (CO2 production), and measurements of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen by fumigation-incubation procedures, was investigated with three fertile soils and one low-fertility soil. These soils were sampled at each of the four seasons from pastures in which intensive grazing can result in high levels of min-N. Values of CO2-C flush and thin-N flush [the difference between CO2-C and min-N produced by fumigated samples and an unfumigated contl ol (or, for CO2-C only, fumigated control)] were used as indices of biomass C and N. Soil min-N content was adjusted by the addition of ammonium sulfate (approx. 50 �g NH4+-Ng-1 soil). In the low fertility soil and two of the fertile soils, added min-N had no significant effect on CO2 production or CO2-C flush values. In the other soil (Castlepoint), the added min-N usually lowered CO2 production in unfumigated samples, and increased CO2-C flush values when an unfumigated control was used; CO2-C flush values were not affected when a fumigated control was used. Use of a fumigated control for estimating biomass C in these grassland soils is recommended. Added min-N had few significant effects on the min-N flush values of the three fertile soils. In the low-fertility soil (Pomare), the min-N flush values of summer and autumn samples were appreciably higher in the presence of added min-N, with the results suggesting that the min-N flush values of the samples without added min-N were erroneously low because of N immobilization. Overall, min-N flush measurements appear to provide a satisfactory index of microbial biomass in fertile soils under pasture, but care in the interpretation of min-N flush values from low-fertility grassland soils seems advisable.

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Vopravil, Jan, Pavel Formánek, and Tomáš Khel. "Comparison of the physical properties of soils belonging to different reference soil groups." Soil and Water Research 16, No. 1 (December 11, 2020): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/31/2020-swr.

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Soil properties can be influenced by long-term agricultural management practices as described in pedological literature. In this study, selected physical properties (particle density and bulk density, total porosity, maximum capillary water capacity, minimum air capacity, field capacity, permanent wilting point and available water capacity) of topsoils from different reference soil groups (Cambisols, Luvisols, Fluvisols, Chernozems and Phaeozems, Leptosols, Stagnosols and Gleysols) were sampled and analysed in the years 2016–2017. The topsoil samples were taken from points of so-called S (specific) soil pits to be sampled from the General Soil Survey of Agricultural Soils (GSSAS) which was accomplished in the years 1961–1970. In addition, some of the properties were also compared with those measured during the GSSAS. Recognising the properties, only the particle density, the maximum capillary water capacity, the permanent wilting point and the available water capacity of the topsoil of the individual soil groups were statistically significantly (P < 0.05) different. A comparison of the physical properties with those analysed after more than 40 years was performed, the bulk density increased and the total porosity decreased in the topsoil of the major part of the studied soil groups.

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Tubalov, A. A. "Use of digital characteristics of soil color for assessing the degree of soil erosion." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1045, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1045/1/012076.

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Abstract The present study is aimed at developing and improving approaches to assessment of the degree of soil erosion. The transition from verbal to digital form of determining the color of soils expands the possibilities of using this morphological feature. It allows determining the thickness of soil horizons based on the data of laboratory analysis of the color of soil samples. The methodological basis of the study is represented with the index method or the method of field standardization of territories. According to this method, the main contour of the soil is characterized by a full-profile soil pit, and soil changes caused by the relief near the main pit are estimated by changes in the characteristics of soil layers. Measurement of the latter was carried out in the course of the laboratory analysis of soil samples selected by soil drilling. As a result of the study, the soil color coordinates were determined in the CAI Lab system. Their values correspond to the soil samples of the southern chernozem taken at a depth of 1 meter every 10 centimeters. The linear nature of interconnection between the index of organic carbon content in the soil samples and the corresponding values of the lightness index in the CAI Lab color model was confirmed. The soil samples with varying degrees of erosion were identified in a research object: soils of watersheds unaffected by erosion processes; moderately eroded soils of hollows exposed to water erosion; drift soils of the mouth of hollows.

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Akram, Fareeha, Tahsin Fatimah, Tabasum Jamal, Dr Muhammad Usman Saleem, M. Hafeez Javed, Sana Sharif, Kiran Yousaf, Naveed Iqbal Khan, and Awais Karamat. "Salinity and Fertility Status of Irrigated soils in District Nankana Sahib, Punjab Pakistan." Vol 4 Issue 1 4, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33411/ijist/2022040116.

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The soil is the basic medium for growth of plant as it supplies essential nutrients and water required for plant processes. The productivity of crop is highly dependent upon fertility and salinity of soil. Current study was carried out to explore and analyze the soils of Tehsil Nankana Sahib (Nankana, Shahkot, Sangilla) for its salinity, sodicity and fertility status at union council level from 2018-2021. A total 2030 soil samples were collected from three Tehsils of District Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan. The results indicated that the soil salinity status about 33.9% (690 samples) soils were non-saline, 23.6% (480 samples) saline sodic, 28.5% (580 samples) sodic and only 13.8% (280 samples) were saline. Maximum problematic soil was found in tehsil Nankana Sahib while minimum in Sangilla. As for the soil fertility status of District Nankana Sahib is concerned, 60.1% soils were poor in organic matter (OM) that was observed in 1220 samples, and 39.1% medium range organic matter was observed from the 794 samples while 7.8% from the only 160 samples that were approaching the adequate range. The available phosphorus in soils was found poor among 26.1% (530 samples), 56.1% medium (1140 samples) and the adequate range of available phosphorus was 17.7% (360 samples).

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35

Borggaard, O. K., and J. C. Streibig. "Chlorsulfuron Adsorption by Selected Soil Samples." Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica 39, no. 4 (January 1989): 351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00015128909438528.

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36

Moon-van der Staay, Seung Yeo, Vesela A. Tzeneva, Georg W. M. Van Der Staay, Willem M. De Vos, Hauke Smidt, and Johannes H. P. Hackstein. "Eukaryotic diversity in historical soil samples." FEMS Microbiology Ecology 57, no. 3 (September 2006): 420–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00130.x.

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37

David Suits, L., TC Sheahan, and M. Long. "The Quality of Continuous Soil Samples." Geotechnical Testing Journal 25, no. 3 (2002): 10418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/gtj11091j.

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38

Rubio Montero, M. P., A. Martı́n Sánchez, M. T. Crespo Vázquez, and J. L. Gascón Murillo. "Analysis of plutonium in soil samples." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 53, no. 1-2 (July 2000): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-8043(00)00141-x.

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Dharwadkar, Aarohi, Vidya Gupta, and Aditi Pant. "Bioprospecting thelat gene in soil samples." Journal of Biosciences 28, no. 5 (September 2003): 597–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02703335.

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40

Hussein Razzaq Nayyef. "Effect of continuous cultivation and soil texture on some soil properties." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 13, no. 1 (October 30, 2022): 077–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2022.13.1.0271.

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The effects of soil continuous cultivation and soil texture on some of its properties, electrical conductivity, total porosity, and calcium carbonate content and soil penetration resistance. Six samples of soil material for a layer of 0-30 cm were collected from three different texture sites are Clay, Loam and Loamy Sand in Basra Governorate for three sites Abi al-Khasib, Karma and Zubair. Three of these samples represented the treatment of soil continuous cultivation, soil planted with alfalfa crop (Medicago sativa) for 7 consecutive years, and the other three samples from the same sites for uncultivated soil with three replications for each sample. The results showed a decrease in the values of electrical conductivity, calcium carbonate, soil penetration resistance, and an increase in soil porosity values in cultivated soils. The lowest EC values were 4.1, 5.3 and 6.2 dS. m-1 for soils with textures Loamy sand, Loam and Clay, respectively, and for CaCO3 of 182.3 g. kg-1 in Loamy sand, 266.7 g. kg-1 and 310 g. kg-1 for Loam and Clay soils, respectively, and for resistance to penetration of 550 KN.m-1 for clay soils. While it was 620 KN.m-1, and 714 KN.m-1, for loam soil and loamy sand soil, respectively, compared to uncultivated soil. While the soil porosity values increased for cultivated soils compared with uncultivated soils and the values of 43%, 48.53% and 53.4%, for soils with textures Loamy sand, Loam and Clay respectively, And for the average weighted diameter of 0.2537 mm, 0.2817 mm, 0.3640 mm, for soils with textures Loamy sand, Loam and Clay, respectively.

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Chitra, K., and G. B. Kamala. "Evaluation Of Soil Quality And Heavy Metal Contaminants In Agricultural Soils." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 10 (October 8, 2021): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/10737.

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Agriculture is an important and significant sector in all the countries. Soil serves as a natural medium for the growth of the plants. Agricultural soil should be periodically tested for the improvement of crops. Soil physicochemical properties indicates the soil nutrient content and characteristics. The physicochemical parameters and heavy metal contamination in different agricultural soils of Coimbatore were analyzed. Soil samples were collected at the depth of 15 cm from five agricultural field. Soil samples were analyzed for physicochemical parameters and heavy metal contamination in the laboratory using standard protocols. Different agricultural soil samples were analyzed for parameters like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), TDS and salinity. Macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were estimated. Micronutrients like sodium and potassium also estimated for all the samples. Heavy metals like nickel, cadmium, lead, zinc, copper and manganese were estimated to check contamination status. The results stated that, all the soil samples were acidic in nature. Paddy cultivated soil was slightly alkaline in nature. All the soil samples were non-saline. Micro and macro nutrients were present in optimum level in all the soil samples. Heavy metals were present within their threshold limit and permissible limit. The study concluded that soil physicochemical parameters and heavy metal concentrations varied in five agricultural soils. Soils are good in their physicochemical parameters. This study indicates the quality of agricultural soil and it is useful to farmers regarding the nutritional and contamination status.

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42

Nauer, P. A., E. Chiri, J. Zeyer, and M. H. Schroth. "Technical Note: Disturbance of soil structure can lead to release of entrapped methane in glacier forefield soils." Biogeosciences 11, no. 3 (February 4, 2014): 613–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-613-2014.

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Abstract. Investigations of sources and sinks of atmospheric CH4 are needed to understand the global CH4 cycle and climate-change mitigation options. Glaciated environments might play a critical role due to potential feedbacks with global glacial meltdown. In an emerging glacier forefield, an ecological shift occurs from an anoxic, potentially methanogenic subglacial sediment to an oxic proglacial soil, in which soil-microbial consumption of atmospheric CH4 is initiated. The development of this change in CH4 turnover can be quantified by soil-gas profile analysis. We found evidence for CH4 entrapped in glacier forefield soils when comparing two methods for the collection of soil-gas samples: a modified steel rod (SR) designed for one-time sampling and rapid screening (samples collected ∼1 min after hammering the SR into the soil), and a novel multilevel sampler (MLS) for repetitive sampling through a previously installed access tube (samples collected weeks after access-tube installation). In glacier forefields on siliceous bedrock, sub-atmospheric CH4 concentrations were observed with both methods. Conversely, elevated soil-CH4 concentrations were observed in calcareous glacier forefields, but only in samples collected with the SR, while MLS samples all showed sub-atmospheric CH4 concentrations. Time-series of SR soil-gas sampling (additional samples collected 2, 3, 5, and 7 min after hammering) confirmed the transient nature of the elevated soil-CH4 concentrations, which were decreasing from ∼100 μL L−1 towards background levels within minutes. This hints towards the existence of entrapped CH4 in calcareous glacier forefield soil that can be released when sampling soil-gas with the SR. Laboratory experiments with miniature soil cores collected from two glacier forefields confirmed CH4 entrapment in these soils. Treatment by sonication and acidification resulted in a massive release of CH4 from calcareous cores (on average 0.3–1.8 μg CH4 (g d.w.)−1) (d.w. – dry weight); release from siliceous cores was 1–2 orders of magnitude lower (0.02–0.03 μg CH4 (g d.w.)−1). Clearly, some form of CH4 entrapment exists in calcareous glacier forefield soils, and to a much lesser extent in siliceous glacier forefield soils. Its nature and origin remain unclear and will be subject of future investigations.

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43

Nauer, P. A., E. Chiri, J. Zeyer, and M. H. Schroth. "Technical Note: Disturbance of soil structure can lead to release of methane entrapped in glacier forefield soils." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 9 (September 6, 2013): 14815–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-14815-2013.

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Abstract. Investigations of sources and sinks of atmospheric CH4 are needed to understand the global CH4 cycle and climate-change mitigation options. Glaciated environments might play a critical role due to potential feedbacks with global glacial meltdown. In an emerging glacier forefield, an ecological shift occurs from an anoxic, potentially methanogenic subglacial sediment to an oxic proglacial soil, in which soil-microbial consumption of atmospheric CH4 is initiated. The development of this change in CH4 turnover can be quantified by soil-gas profile analysis. We found evidence for CH4 entrapped in glacier forefield soils when comparing two methods for the collection of soil-gas samples: a modified steel rod (SR) designed for one-time sampling and rapid screening (samples collected ~ 1 min after hammering the SR into the soil), and a novel multi-level sampler (MLS) for repetitive sampling through a previously installed access tube (samples collected weeks after access-tube installation). In glacier forefields on siliceous bedrock, sub-atmospheric CH4 concentrations were observed with both methods. Conversely, elevated soil-CH4 concentrations were observed in calcareous glacier forefields, but only in samples collected with the SR, while MLS samples all showed sub-atmospheric CH4 concentrations. Time-series SR soil-gas sampling (additional samples collected 2, 3, 5, and 7 min after hammering) confirmed the transient nature of the elevated soil-CH4 concentrations, which were decreasing from ~ 100 μL L−1 towards background levels within minutes. This hints towards the existence of entrapped CH4 in calcareous glacier forefield soil that can be released when sampling soil-gas with the SR. Laboratory experiments with miniature soil cores collected from two glacier forefields confirmed CH4 entrapment in these soils. Treatment by sonication and acidification resulted in a massive release of CH4 from calcareous cores (on average 0.3–1.8 μg CH4 (g d.w.)−1); release from siliceous cores was 1–2 orders of magnitude lower (0.02–0.03 μg CH4 (g d.w.)−1). Clearly, some form of CH4 entrapment exists in calcareous glacier forefield soils, and to a much lesser extent in siliceous glacier forefield soils. Its nature and origin remain unclear and will be subject of future investigations.

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44

Williams, Trevor, Guadalupe del Carmen Melo-Molina, Jaime A. Jiménez-Fernández, Holger Weissenberger, Juan S. Gómez-Díaz, Laura Navarro-de-la-Fuente, and Andrew R. Richards. "Presence of Spodoptera frugiperda Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) Occlusion Bodies in Maize Field Soils of Mesoamerica." Insects 14, no. 1 (January 13, 2023): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14010080.

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The occlusion bodies (OBs) of lepidopteran nucleopolyhedroviruses can persist in soil for extended periods before being transported back on to the foliage for transmission to the host insect. A sensitive insect bioassay technique was used to detect OBs of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) in 186 soil samples collected from maize fields in the southern Mexican states of Chiapas, Tabasco, Campeche, Yucatán, and Quintana Roo, as well Belize and Guatemala. Overall, 35 (18.8%) samples proved positive for SfMNPV OBs. The frequency of OB-positive samples varied significantly among Mexican states and countries (p < 0.05). Between 1.7 and 4.4% of S. frugiperda larvae that consumed OB-positive samples died from polyhedrosis disease. Restriction endonuclease analysis using PstI and HindIII confirmed that the soil-derived isolates were strains of SfMNPV and that genetic diversity was evident among the isolates. The prevalence of OB-positive soil samples did not differ with altitude or extension (area) of the maize field, but it was significantly higher in fields with the presence of living maize plants compared to those containing dead plants or crop residues (p < 0.05). Georeferenced soil samples were used to identify soil types on digitized soil maps. Lithosol and Luvisol soils had a higher than average prevalence of OB-positive samples (42–45% positive) (p = 0.006), as did Andosol, Gleysol, and Vertisol soils (33–60% OB-positive), although the sample sizes were small (<5 samples) for the latter three soils. In contrast, Cambisol soils had a lower than average prevalence of OB-positive samples (5% positive). Bioassays on Acrisol, Fluvisol, Phaeozem, and Rendzina soils resulted in intermediate levels of OB-positive samples. We conclude that certain soil types may favor OB persistence and virus-mediated biological pest control. The soil is also likely to provide a valuable source of genetic diversity for the design of virus-based insecticides against this pest.

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Eckertová, Terézia, Karol Holý, Monika Müllerová, Ivan Sýkora, and Jozef Masarik. "EMANATION OF RADON-222 FROM DIFFERENT SOIL TYPES AND SOIL GROUPS." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 198, no. 9-11 (August 2022): 771–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncac132.

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Abstract In this paper, we deal with measurement of 222Rn emanation coefficient (Ke) of soils using an accumulation method. We created a database of Ke values of dried soils for various soil types and soil groups, classified by the size of soil particles. For 18 different soil samples we obtained the Ke values in range 0.083–0.234. The analysis of radon emanation dependence on moisture for seven of these samples shows two different trends which were related to soil texture (clays or sands). Soils with predominant sandy particles prove weak dependence on moisture and Ke values from minimum value (at zero moisture) do not increase much (max 15% increase on every 5% of moisture), for soils with majority of clayey particles the moisture can affect the Ke more significantly (increase up to 60%).

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46

Djalovic, Ivica, Djordje Jockovic, Goran Dugalic, Goran Bekavac, Bozana Purar, Srdjan Seremesic, and Milan Jockovic. "Soil acidity and mobile aluminum status in pseudogley soils in Cacak-Kraljevo basin." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 77, no. 6 (2012): 833–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc110629201d.

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Soil acidity and aluminum toxicity are considered most damaging soil conditions affecting the growth of most crops. This paper reviews the results of tests of pH, exchangeable acidity and mobile aluminum (Al) concentration in profiles of pseudogley soils from Cacak-Kraljevo basin. For that purpose, 102 soil pits were dug in 2009 in several sites around Cacak- Kraljevo basin. The tests encompassed 54 field, 28 meadow, and 20 forest soil samples. Samples of soil in the disturbed state were taken from the Ah and Eg horizons (102 samples), from the B1tg horizon in 39 field, 24 meadow and 15 forest pits (a total of 78 samples) and from the B2tg horizon in 14 field, 11 meadow, and 4 forest pits (a total of 29 samples). Mean pH values (1M KCl) of the tested soil profiles were 4.28, 3.90 and 3.80 for the Ah, Eg and B1tg horizons, respectively. Soil pH of forest samples was lower than those in meadow and arable land samples (mean values of 4.06, 3.97 and 3.85 for arable land, meadow and forest samples, respectively). Soil acidification was especially intensive in deep horizons, as 27% (Ah), 77% (Eg) and 87% (B1tg) soil samples had the pH value below 4.0. Mean values of total exchangeable acidity (TEA) were 1.55, 2.33 and 3.40 meq 100 g-1 for the Ah, Eg and B1tg horizons, respectively. The TEA values in forest soils were considerably higher (3.39 meq 100 g-1) than those in arable soils and meadow soils (1.96 and 1.93, respectively). Mean mobile Al contents of tested soil samples were 11.02, 19.58 and 28.33 mg Al 100 g-1 for the Ah, Eg and B1tg horizons, respectively. According to the pH and TEA values, mobile Al was considerably higher in the forest soils (the mean value of 26.08 mg Al 100 g-1) than in the arable soils and meadow soils (the mean values of 16.85 and 16.00 mg Al 100 g-1, respectively). The Eg and B1tg horizons of the forest soil had especially high mobile Al contents (the mean values of 28.50 and 32.95 mg Al 100 g-1, respectively). High levels of mobile Al were especially frequent in the forest soils, with 35% (Ah), 85.0% (Eg) and 93.3% (B1tg) of the tested samples ranging above 10 mg Al 100 g-1.

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Khaliq, Abdul, Aqila Shaheen, Summra Ishaq, Mohsin Zafar, Majid M. Tahir, Tahir Zahoor, and Sair Sarwar. "Evaluation of Soil Fertility and Maize Crop Nutrient Status in Himalayan Region Poonch, Azad Jammu and Kashmir." Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: B. Life and Environmental Sciences 58, no. 1 (August 26, 2021): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(58-1)636.

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The judgment of the fertility status of agricultural soils is very substantial to determine crop sustainability and judicious nutrient management. A field survey of dominant maize growing areas of District Poonch, Azad Jammu, and Kashmir was undertaken in July-August, 2017. The twelve dominant maize growing sites, namely Char, Chak, Dothan, Banjusa, Chamber, Hajira Kelot, Kakuta, Mandhole, Madarpur, Tatrinote, Chattra Abbaspur, and Dawarandi were selected for the collection of soil and associated maize plant samples. A total of 24 composite soil samples (each representative of three individual samples) was separately collected from 0-15 and 15-30 cm depths and were analyzed for physicochemical characteristics, i.e. soil texture, pH, organic matter, soil nitrogen, available P, exchangeable K and micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn). The maize ear leaves samples were also analyzed for N, P, K, and micronutrients (Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn). To evaluate the adequacy levels of nutrients for maize growth the critical nutrient levels were used. Soils in the sampled sites were weakly acidic to neutral (pH 6.66-7.29) and had low to medium soil organic matter content (0.57-1.12%). The percent of sites with low nutrient contents were 66.7% for P and K, 8.3% for Cu,and 66.7% for Zn. The 100% sampled sites had plant N, P, and Cu deficiency while percent deficiency for plant K, Mn, and Zn was 1, 50, and 25, respectively. Soil pH had negative and organic matter had a positive significant correlation with all analyzed soil and plant nutrients. These results suggest that having integrated nutrient management strategies can enhance soil fertility and productivity in the study area.

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Aldaood, Abdulrahman, Amina Khalil, Ibrahim Alkiki, and Madyan Alsaffar. "Volume Change and Cracks Behavior of Lime Treated Expansive Soils." Academic Journal of Nawroz University 7, no. 4 (December 21, 2018): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v7n4a274.

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This research work study the influence of cyclic wetting and drying on free swell potential of untreated and lime treated expansive clayey soils. Such a study is required to understand the behavior of these soils during wet-dry cycles. Two expansive soils (a polwhite bentonite and a kaolinite) with different plasticity indexes were used in this study. The soil samples were treated with different lime content in the order of (3, 5 and 7% by the dry weight of soil). The lime treated soil samples were cured at 20ºC for 28 and 180 days. The untreated and lime treated soil samples were subjected to four wet-dry cycles. Free swell potential and cracks propagation were studied during lime addition and wet-dry cycles. Results showed that, the free swell potential of untreated soil samples; in general; decreased with increasing wet-dry cycles, and all of the soil samples reached equilibrium after the second cycle. While the cracks propagation increased with these cycles, especially of bentonite soil samples. Larger cracks propagation has been observed in the bentonite soil samples. Lime addition enhanced the free swell potential values of the two expansive soils and there was a drastic decrease in free swelling potential and cracks propagation of these soils. The beneficial effect of lime treatment to control the swelling values was partly lost by the first wet–dry cycles, and the free swell potential increased at the subsequent cycles.

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Nimkande, Vijay, and Dipali Barate. "Studies on L-Asparaginase Producing Bacteria from Soil Samples of Akola District." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 7 (June 1, 2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/july2014/177.

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Anderson, Linda Davis. "Problems Interpreting Samples Taken with Large-Volume, Falling-Suction Soil-Water Samplers." Ground Water 24, no. 6 (November 1986): 761–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1986.tb01692.x.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Soil samples'

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