Journal articles on the topic 'Soil properties'
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Hamad, Asal Mahmud, and Mahmood Gazey Jassam. "A Comparative Study for the Effect of Some Petroleum Products on the Engineering Properties of Gypseous Soils." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 29, no. 3 (October 15, 2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.29.3.7.
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Gypseous soils are considered problematic soils because the soil cavities happen during receiving the water or this type of soil and solving gypsum materials and contract in a soil volume. In this study, three types of gypseous soils are used; soil1, soil2, and soil3 with gypsum content (28.71%, 43.6%, and 54.88%) respectively, petroleum products (engine oil, fuel oil, and kerosene) are added to the soils with percentages (3%, 6%, 9%, and 12%) for each product. The result showed that specific gravity, liquid limit, optimum moisture content (O.M.C), and maximum dry density decreased with an increased percentage of product for all types of products. The direct shear (dry and soaked case) results show that increasing the (angle of internal friction and the soil cohesion) for soil1, soil2, and soil3 by adding engine oil and fuel oil. Still, when the soils were treated with kerosene, the angle of internal friction increased while cohesion decreased. The collapse potential for the treated soils increases with increasing gypsum content for all petroleum products. The collapse potential (CP) for (soil1) decreased by 47% when using 6% of the engine oil, 48.8% when using 9% of the fuel oil, and 55% when using 9% of the kerosene. The same percentage of the petroleum products (engine oil, fuel oil, and kerosene) decrease the collapse potential for (soil2), (47%, 46%, and 50%) respectively and decrease the collapse potential for (soil 3), (51%, 47.7%, and 52%) respectively. In the unconfined compressive test applied on (soil1) using maximum density, the results show that the soil strength increased (26% and 10%) when using 6% and engine oil and fuel oil, respectively, while the soil strength decreased by 29% when treated with 9% of kerosene.
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Borůvka, L., M. Valla, H. Donátová, and K. Němeček. "Vulnerability of soil aggregates in relation to soil properties." Plant, Soil and Environment 48, No. 8 (December 21, 2011): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4376-pse.
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Stability of soil structure represents an indicator of soil quality. The aim of this paper was to assess the effect of soil properties on structure vulnerability in an Orthic Luvisol. The aggregates were most vulnerable to fast wetting (mean K<sub>v1</sub> = 9.99, i.e. this effect can decrease the aggregate size 9.99 times). Lower destruction was caused by slow wetting and drying (K<sub>v2</sub> = 3.70) and mechanical forces (K<sub>v3</sub> = 1.67). Fine silt (particles of 0.002–0.01 mm) was the most important soil characteristic decreasing aggregate vulnerability (r = –0.334, –0.248, and –0.393 for K<sub>v1</sub>, K<sub>v2</sub>, and K<sub>v3</sub>, respectively). Silt (0.01–0.05 mm) increased vulnerability to fast wetting (r = 0.318). Very fine sand (0.05–0.1 mm) increased vulnerability to mechanical impacts (r = 0.307). Organic carbon decreased vulnerability only slightly. Humus quality was rather related to porosity. Higher moisture of samples in time of collection increased aggregate vulnerability. Multiple regression, used for description of the effect of basic soil properties, provided the best model for K<sub>v1</sub> (R<sup>2</sup> = 27.45%), the poorest for K<sub>v2</sub> (R<sup>2</sup> = 7.23%).
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Fattah, Mohammed A. Fattah, Shadan H. Khurshid Khurshid, and Rebaz A. Ahmad Ahmad. "Soil Cracking Depth as Influenced By Soil Physical Properties." Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A 2ndInt.Conf.AGR, Special Issue (February 6, 2018): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10657.
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Kodešová, R., M. Vlasáková, M. Fér, D. Teplá, O. Jakšík, P. Neuberger, and R. Adamovský. "Thermal properties of representative soils of the Czech Republic." Soil and Water Research 8, No. 4 (October 31, 2013): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/33/2013-swr.
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Knowledge of soil thermal properties is essential when assessing heat transport in soils. Thermal regime of soils is associated with many other soil processes (water evaporation and diffusion, plant transpiration, contaminants behaviour etc.). Knowledge of thermal properties is needed when assessing effectivity of energy gathering from soil profiles using horizontal ground heat exchangers, which is a topic of our research project. The study is focused on measuring of thermal properties (thermal conductivity and heat capacity) of representative soils of the Czech Republic. Measurements were performed on soil samples taken from the surface horizons of 13 representative soil types and from 4 soil substrates, and on mulch (bark chips) sample using KD2 PRO device with TR-1 and SH-1 sensors. The measured relationships between the thermal conductivity and volumetric soil-water content were described by the non-linear equations and those between the volumetric heat capacity and volumetric soil-water content were expressed using the linear equations. The highest thermal conductivities were measured in soils on quartz sand substrates. The lowest thermal conductivities were measured in the Stagnic Chernozem Siltic on marlite and the Dystric Cambisol on orthogneiss. The opposite trend was observed for maximal heat capacities, i.e. the highest values were measured in the Stagnic Chernozem Siltic and the lowest in sand and soils on sand and sandy gravel substrate.
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Vopravil, Jan, Pavel Formánek, and Tomáš Khel. "Comparison of the physical properties of soils belonging to different reference soil groups." Soil and Water Research 16, No. 1 (December 11, 2020): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/31/2020-swr.
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Soil properties can be influenced by long-term agricultural management practices as described in pedological literature. In this study, selected physical properties (particle density and bulk density, total porosity, maximum capillary water capacity, minimum air capacity, field capacity, permanent wilting point and available water capacity) of topsoils from different reference soil groups (Cambisols, Luvisols, Fluvisols, Chernozems and Phaeozems, Leptosols, Stagnosols and Gleysols) were sampled and analysed in the years 2016–2017. The topsoil samples were taken from points of so-called S (specific) soil pits to be sampled from the General Soil Survey of Agricultural Soils (GSSAS) which was accomplished in the years 1961–1970. In addition, some of the properties were also compared with those measured during the GSSAS. Recognising the properties, only the particle density, the maximum capillary water capacity, the permanent wilting point and the available water capacity of the topsoil of the individual soil groups were statistically significantly (P < 0.05) different. A comparison of the physical properties with those analysed after more than 40 years was performed, the bulk density increased and the total porosity decreased in the topsoil of the major part of the studied soil groups.
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Szara, Ewa, Tomasz Sosulski, and Magdalena Szymańska. "Soil phosphorus sorption properties in different fertilization systems." Plant, Soil and Environment 65, No. 2 (February 1, 2019): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/696/2018-pse.
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The study aimed at the evaluation of the accumulation and vertical distribution of different forms of phosphorus (P) in reference to phosphorus sorption properties subject to mineral (NPK), mineral-organic (NPK + M), and organic (M) fertilisation. It was carried out in a long-term experimental field in Skierniewice (Central Poland) conducted since 1923 under rye monoculture. Total P content in the M and NPK soil profile was similar and lower than in the NPK + M soil. The content of organic P in A<sub>p</sub> and E<sub>et</sub> horizons of both manured soils was similar and higher than in the NPK soil. The Langmuir P sorption maximum (S<sub>max</sub>) in the studied soils ranged from 39.7 to 90 mg P/kg, while the Freundlich P sorption coefficient a<sub>F</sub> ranged from 6.9 to 41.9 mg P/kg. Higher variability of parameters related to the binding energy from the Lanqmuir (k) and Freundlich (a<sub>F</sub>) equations was determined between soil horizons than between the fertilisation systems. Nonetheless, in M and NPK + M soils, sorption parameters a<sub>F</sub> and S<sub>max</sub> and binding energy (k, b<sub>F</sub>) were considerably lower than in the NPK soil. The content of water extracted P in manured soils was higher than in the NPK soil.
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Komiljon Ogli, Nurullaev Azamkhon, and Djalilova Gulnora Tulkunovna. "EFFECT OF EROSION PROCESSES ON SOIL PROPERTIES." American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 3, no. 12 (December 1, 2023): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/volume03issue12-02.
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Today, global climate change, along with drought, the processes of soil degradation are becoming one of the urgent problems for scientists all over the world. In this regard, a number of works are being carried out in Uzbekistan. According to the National Report on the State of Land Resources of the Republic of Uzbekistan, only 10% (4.3 million ha) of the 44.9 million hectares in the Republic are irrigated. About 2 million hectares (45%) of these lands are subject to secondary salinization. There are problems with water erosion on 800,000 hectares and wind erosion on 2 million hectares. The object of the study is dark serozem soil belonging to the region of mountain and sub-mountain soils, formed under complex climate and relief conditions. morphological characteristics of these soils in the profile, changes in some properties of these soils according to different exposures and slopes of the slope, including non-eroded watershed, moderate and strongly eroded transit, and corresponding changes and washing in washed-accumulated horizons information on monitoring processes is given.
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PK, Srivastava, M. Gupta, A. Pandey, V. Pandey, N. Singh, and Tewari SK. "Effects of sodicity induced changes in soil physical properties on paddy root growth." Plant, Soil and Environment 60, No. 4 (April 8, 2014): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/926/2013-pse.
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A study was conducted to investigate the influence of sodicity induced changes in soil physical properties on paddy root growth in the normal agriculture, semi-reclaimed and sodic soils. The root growth (length, length density, biomass and distribution pattern) were unfavourably affected by the soil physical properties (bulk density, soil aggregate stability, available water content, hydraulic conductivity and soil water retention potential) in the case of sodic soil. The microbial biomass carbon, bacterial, fungal population and dehydrogenase activity showed the lower values in the case of sodosol compared to the normal soil. These soil biological properties tend to sustain paddy root growth in normal and semi-reclaimed soils. Principal component analysis revealed that soil physical properties accounted for 98.2% of total variance in root growth. The study revealed that salt stress induces changes in soil physical properties limiting paddy root growth in the salt affected soils. It is important to reclaim sodosols to alleviate salt induced physical stress for optimum paddy root growth.
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Zádorová, T., O. Jakšík, R. Kodešová, and V. Penížek. " Influence of terrain attributes and soil properties on soil aggregate stability." Soil and Water Research 6, No. 3 (September 19, 2011): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/15/2011-swr.
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The study on the relationship between the soil aggregates stability assessed using water stable aggregate (WSA) index and the selected terrain and soil properties was performed on a morphologically diverse study site in Chernozem soil region of Southern Moravia. Soil analyses and detailed digital elevation model processing were the main methods adopted in the study. The soil structure stability is negatively influenced by the soil material removal from the steep parts of the back-slope and re-deposition of the mineral loess material at the base of the slope. The highest aggregates stability was identified in the upper flat parts of the study plot, undisturbed by erosion processes, and at the concave parts of the back-slope with intensive accumulation of organic matter. Statistical analysis showed a significant dependence of aggregates stability on organic carbon content and plan curvature index.
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Petr, Šařec, and Novák Petr. "Changes in soil properties due to the application of activators in conditions of very heavy soils." Research in Agricultural Engineering 63, Special Issue (December 22, 2017): S40—S45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/39/2017-rae.
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This paper deals with verification of the effect of fermented manure (with and without Z'fix activators) and soil activators (PRP Sol) on a soil properties change. Their application should lead to a change in physical, physical-chemical and biological properties of soil, along with ecological material fixation, improved water retention and infiltration, reduction of soil susceptibility to water erosion and decreased soil tillage energy requirements. Field trial was established in Sloveč in Central Bohemia in the year 2014. The experiment was divided into several variants and was designed as multiannual. Z›fix activator was used as a biological transformation activator of manure. PRP Sol was used as a soil activator. In order to verify the effect, soil infiltration, cone index, bulk density and draft of tillage implement were measured. Measurements have shown a beneficial effect of the activators with regard to the decomposition of organic matter. Consequently, changes in soil properties and a reduction of draft at tillage operations developed. Finally, the effect should evolve gradually with a prolonged activator treatment.
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Hussein Razzaq Nayyef. "Effect of continuous cultivation and soil texture on some soil properties." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 13, no. 1 (October 30, 2022): 077–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2022.13.1.0271.
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The effects of soil continuous cultivation and soil texture on some of its properties, electrical conductivity, total porosity, and calcium carbonate content and soil penetration resistance. Six samples of soil material for a layer of 0-30 cm were collected from three different texture sites are Clay, Loam and Loamy Sand in Basra Governorate for three sites Abi al-Khasib, Karma and Zubair. Three of these samples represented the treatment of soil continuous cultivation, soil planted with alfalfa crop (Medicago sativa) for 7 consecutive years, and the other three samples from the same sites for uncultivated soil with three replications for each sample. The results showed a decrease in the values of electrical conductivity, calcium carbonate, soil penetration resistance, and an increase in soil porosity values in cultivated soils. The lowest EC values were 4.1, 5.3 and 6.2 dS. m-1 for soils with textures Loamy sand, Loam and Clay, respectively, and for CaCO3 of 182.3 g. kg-1 in Loamy sand, 266.7 g. kg-1 and 310 g. kg-1 for Loam and Clay soils, respectively, and for resistance to penetration of 550 KN.m-1 for clay soils. While it was 620 KN.m-1, and 714 KN.m-1, for loam soil and loamy sand soil, respectively, compared to uncultivated soil. While the soil porosity values increased for cultivated soils compared with uncultivated soils and the values of 43%, 48.53% and 53.4%, for soils with textures Loamy sand, Loam and Clay respectively, And for the average weighted diameter of 0.2537 mm, 0.2817 mm, 0.3640 mm, for soils with textures Loamy sand, Loam and Clay, respectively.
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Brmež, Mirjana, Josipa Puškarić, Tamara Siber, Emilija Raspudić, Dinka Grubišić, and Brigita Popović. "Influence of liquid chicken manure preparation on soil health and agrochemical soil properties." Poljoprivreda 24, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18047/poljo.24.1.1.
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Sayad, E., S. M. Hosseini, V. Hosseini, and M. H. Salehe-Shooshtari. "Soil macrofauna in relation to soil and leaf litter properties in tree plantations." Journal of Forest Science 58, No. 4 (April 27, 2012): 170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/58/2011-jfs.
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Soil communities exert strong influences on the processing of organic matter and nutrients. Plantations of trees, especially of nitrogen fixing ones, may affect the soil macrofauna through litter quality and quantity. This study was conducted in a randomized block design with three blocks consisting of Populus euphratica, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus microtheca, Acacia farnesiana, Acacia salicina, Acacia saligna, Acacia stenophylla and Dalbergia sissoo monoculture plantations that were established in 1992. Soils and soil macrofauna were sampled in November 2006. Leaf litterfall was collected from November 2006 to November 2007 at bi-weekly intervals. Macroinvertebrate abundance and biomass were consistently higher in A. salicina plantations than in the others, whereas they were lowest in E. camaldulensis. Tree species and nitrogen fixing trees significantly influenced the soil macrofauna richness. The results suggest that the earthworm distribution is regulated by leaf litter quality (Ca, C and N) whereas the macrofauna richness is regulated by leaf litter mass, soil organic carbon and leaf litter Mg. Totally, it was revealed that the tree species clearly affected macrofauna whereas nitrogen fixation did not.
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Savich, Vitaliy, Vladimir Sedykh, and Nikolay Minaev. "Information assessment of the interrelationships of soil properties, processes and regimes." АгроЭкоИнфо 6, no. 54 (December 31, 2022): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/202126642.
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The interrelationships of soil properties, processes and regimes occurring in them characterize the genesis, agroecological state and fertility of soils. The use of organic and mineral fertilizers changes the properties of soils and the relationship between soil properties. The effect of the introduction of siderates and NPK into the soil on the enzymatic and microbiological activity of soils is shown. Data on changes in the fractional composition of iron in different horizons of podzolic soil are presented. It is proved that the relationship between soil properties is one of the factors determining soil fertility and the MPC of elements in soils. Keywords: SOIL, RELATIONSHIPS OF PROPERTIES, INFORMATION
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Poyon Kizi, Khayitova Sanobar. "SOIL SCIENCE AND SOIL TERMINOLOGY." European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies 02, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/eijmrms-02-11-12.
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Soil science involves the study of the formation and distribution of soil, the biological, chemical and physical properties and processes of soil and how these processes interact with wider systems to help inform environmental management, industry and sustainable development.
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Turdimetov, Shakhobiddin M., and Mokhinur M. Musurmanova. "PROPERTIES OF SOILS LOCATED IN DIFFERENT GEOMORPHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS." American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 02, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/volume02issue11-01.
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Soil properties can vary to some extent depending on the geomorphological conditions in which they are located. This is due to the diversity of parent rocks, layering and mechanical composition of the soil. The article presents and compares the properties of irrigated gray-meadow, meadow and marsh-meadow soils located on terraces I, II, III of the Syrdarya River. Based on the results obtained, recommendations are given for the rational placement of plants.
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Merdun, Hasan, and Virgil L. Quisenberry. "Relating model parameters to basic soil properties." Soil Research 42, no. 7 (2004): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr03098.
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Relating model parameters to basic soil characteristics can help to differentiate and classify soils based on their flow and transport characteristics and ultimately helps to develop a sound management tool to protect groundwater from industrial and agricultural contaminants. In this study, the model parameters (effective diffusion path-length or aggregate half-width, boundary soil water pressure, boundary hydraulic conductivity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, tortuosity in macropores, dispersivity, mixing depth) obtained from simulation of water flow and solute transport for 3 soils (Maury, Cecil, Lakeland) with contrasting properties were related to see whether these derived parameters can be related to variation in fundamental soil properties such as texture and structure and thus the flow and transport characteristics of the soils. The boundary is a division point in which the soil porosity is divided into macropores and micropores. The ANOVA test showed that the parameter values of effective diffusion path-length and tortuosity in macropores for 3 soils were not different from each other, but the parameter values of saturated and boundary hydraulic conductivities including the texture (clay content) were statistically different. Moreover, the means of boundary soil water pressure, dispersivity, and mixing depth for 3 soils were significantly different. These results suggest that relating model parameters to basic soil properties in order to differentiate and classify soils based on their flow and transport characteristics is promising and needs further study.
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Gelybó, G., E. Tóth, C. Farkas, Á. Horel, I. Kása, and Z. Bakacsi. "Potential impacts of climate change on soil properties." Agrokémia és Talajtan 67, no. 1 (June 2018): 121–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/0088.2018.67.1.9.
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Climate change is expected to have a vigorous impact on soils and ecosystems due to elevated temperature and changes in precipitation (amount and frequency), thereby altering biogeochemical and hydrological cycles. Several phenomena associated with climate change and anthropogenic activity affect soils indirectly via ecosystem functioning (such as higher atmospheric CO2 concentration and N deposition). Continuous interactions between climate and soils determine the transformation and transport processes. Long-term gradual changes in abiotic environmental factors alter naturally occurring soil forming processes by modifying the soil water regime, mineral composition evolution, and the rate of organic matter formation and degradation. The resulting physical and chemical soil properties play a fundamental role in the productivity and environmental quality of cultivated land, so it is crucial to evaluate the potential outcomes of climate change and soil interactions. This paper attempts to review the underlying long-term processes influenced by different aspects of climate change. When considering major soil forming factors (climate, parent material, living organisms, topography), especially climate, we put special attention to soil physical properties (soil structure and texture, and consequential changes in soil hydrothermal regime), soil chemical properties (e.g. cation exchange capacity, soil organic matter content as influenced by changes in environmental conditions) and soil degradation as a result of longterm soil physicochemical transformations. The temperate region, specifically the Carpathian Basin as a heterogeneous territory consisting of different climatic and soil zones from continental to mountainous, is used as an example to present potential changes and to assess the effect of climate change on soils. The altered physicochemical and biological properties of soils require accentuated scientific attention, particularly with respect to significant feedback processes to climate and soil services such as food security.
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Gannon, Travis W., Adam C. Hixson, Kyle E. Keller, Jerome B. Weber, Stevan Z. Knezevic, and Fred H. Yelverton. "Soil Properties Influence Saflufenacil Phytotoxicity." Weed Science 62, no. 4 (December 2014): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-13-00171.1.
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Saflufenacil, a pyrimidinedione herbicide, is used for contact and residual broadleaf weed control in various crops. Bioactivity of saflufenacil in soil was tested in greenhouse and laboratory studies on 29 soils representing a wide range of soil properties and geographic areas across the United States. A greenhouse bioassay method was developed using various concentrations of saflufenacil applied PPI to each soil. Whole canola plants were harvested 14 d after treatment, and fresh and dry weights were recorded. Nonlinear regression analysis was used to determine the effective saflufenacil doses for 50% (ED50,), 80% (ED80), and 90% (ED90) inhibition of total plant fresh weight. Bioactivity of saflufenacil in soil was strongly correlated to soil organic (R= 0.85) and humic matter (R= 0.81), and less correlated to cation exchange capacity (R= 0.49) and sand content (R= −0.32). Stepwise regression analysis indicated that organic matter was the major soil constituent controlling bioactivity in soil and could be used to predict the bioactivity of saflufenacil. Saflufenacil phytotoxicity was found to be dependent on soil property; therefore, efficacy and crop tolerance from PRE and PPI applications may vary based on soil organic matter content and texture classification.
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Dashko, Regina, and Anna Shidlovskaya. "Impact of microbial activity on soil properties." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 53, no. 9 (September 2016): 1386–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0649.
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There are microorganisms in soils and their activity can have a positive or negative impact on soil properties and groundwater. The positive effect of microorganisms includes the self-purification and self-regulation of contaminated groundwater and soil. The negative effect on soil is the change in grain-size composition; the weakening of engineering properties of soils; and the development processes, such as biogas generation, microbial quick-sand formation, and soil liquefaction. This paper addresses the negative effects of microbial activity on soil. Research on the impact of microbial activity in an underground space has been motivated by observations associated with underground infrastructure, such as subway tunnels, utilities tunnels, deep mines including those with tailings, and infrastructure with shallow and deep foundations. An overview of microorganisms in soil and an analysis of microbial activity in soils under the influence of natural and human-made factors are presented. Field and laboratory experiments show the significant impact of microbial activity on the engineering properties and consistency of the soil. Due to the complexity of the process, a study of microbial activity in the soil profile requires an integration of microbiology, biochemistry, engineering geology, and geotechnical engineering knowledge and experience.
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Lynn, Tin Mar, Ei Phyu Kyaw, San San Yu, Khine Zar Lin, Hla Mon, Mostafa Zhran, Nwe Nwe Aung, Sabai Thant, and Nan Nan Oo. "Investigation on the variations of soil properties of different agricultural soils in central Myanmar." Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research 11, no. 1 (April 8, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2022.11101.
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Soil properties are varied under human disturbance and understanding how the soil properties change is vital to know the potential of soils and their sensitivity to different soil managements. The aim of this study was to analyze the variation in soil physicochemical characters as influenced by different soil managements (orchards, crop rotation, and intensive use of fertilizer), in central dry zone in Myanmar. Eight soil properties such as soil texture, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), total nitrogen, available phosphate (Olsen P), extractable potassium (extractable K), cultivable bacterial counts were analyzed for top soil samples collected from twenty-one agricultural sites which planted for seven different crops. The results showed that studied soil properties except from soil texture were significantly different among studied soils (P<0.05), Olsen P were significantly higher in orchard soils (most intact), than other soil. (OM), (EC), and extractable K were significantly higher in onion soils (intensive use of fertilizer), Clay percent is significantly and positively correlated with most of the soil properties except from Olsen P. These results imply that soil properties are varied based on soil type and land use; therefore, agricultural management is important to maintain and enhance soil physicochemical properties and sustain ecosystem.
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Maheswari, Anusuri Uma. "Improving Soil Properties by Using Coir." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VIII (August 10, 2021): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37280.
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Construction on these soils is found to be expensive because of their low bearing strength. Soil having poor bearing need stabilization to make it suitable for construction purpose. In this study coir (extracted from coconut) is used as natural fiber for stabilization of soil. Stabilization using natural fiber is a cost-effective and eco-friendly approach to improve properties of soil. The study is carried out to evaluate the effects of coir fiber on properties of soil. Coconut coir in the soil were varied from 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0% and various soil properties were studied.
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Cresswell, HP, DE Smiles, and J. Williams. "Soil structure, soil hydraulic properties and the soil water balance." Soil Research 30, no. 3 (1992): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9920265.
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We review the influence of soil structural change on the fundamental soil hydraulic properties (unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and the soil moisture characteristic) and utilize deterministic modelling to assess subsequent effects on the soil water balance. Soil structure is reflected in the 0 to -100 kPa matric potential section of the soil moisture characteristic with marked changes often occurring in light to medium textured soils' (sands, sandy-loam, loams and clay-loams). The effect of long-term tillage on soil structure may decrease hydraulic conductivity within this matric potential range. The 'SWIM' (Soil Water Infiltration and Movement) simulation model was used to illustrate the effects of long-term conventional tillage and direct drilling systems on the water balance. The effects of plough pans, surface crusts and decreasing surface detention were also investigated. Significant structural deterioration, as evidenced by substantially reduced hydraulic conductivity, is necessary before significant runoff is generated in the low intensity rainfall regime of the Southern Tablelands (6 min rainfall intensity <45 mm h-1). A 10 mm thick plough pan (at a depth of 100 mm) in the A-horizon of a long-term conventionally tilled soil required a saturated hydraulic conductivity (K,) of less than 2.5 mm h-1 before runoff exceeded 10% of incident rainfall in this rainfall regime. Similarly, a crust K, of less than 2.5 mm h-1 was necessary before runoff exceeded 10% of incident rainfall (provided that surface detention was 2 or more). As the crust K, approached the rainfall rate, small decreases in Ks resulted in large increases in runoff. An increase in surface detention of 1 to 3 mm resulted in a large reduction in runoff where crust K, was less than 2-5 mm h-1. Deterministic simulation models incorporating well established physical laws are effective tools in the study of soil structural effects on the field water regime. Their application, however, is constrained by insufficient knowledge of the fundamental hydraulic properties of Australian soils and how they are changing in response to our land management.
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Grashey-Jansen, S. "Soil hydrology and soil properties on a partially reforested hillside in the Central Alps." Journal of Forest Science 58, No. 8 (August 24, 2012): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2/2012-jfs.
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The landscape on southern exposed hillsides in the inneralpine Vinschgau Valley (Northern Italy) is shaped by many thousand years of cultivation. Phases of intensive land use and deforestation were followed by phases of natural regeneration and later by governmental programs of reforestation. The result in the present landscape is the juxtaposition of reforested woodland (RF-areas) and xeric grassland with steppe species (XG-areas) on the same hillside. The scenic and ecological contrast presents ideal conditions for comparative studies in ecology, forest and soil science. On the side of soil science especially the depth and intensity of soil development on the whole hillside have been underrated, whereas the existence of podzolised soils in the reforested area has mostly been overrated so far. One aim of this study was to investigate differences in the development of soils. A further aim was the comparative investigation of the recent hydrological and physical properties as well as the present dynamics of the hillside soils. With regard to that some results of the field and laboratory studies are presented which are contradictory to results of other studies concerning this region.
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Al-Yasir, Abdullah Talib, and Abbas Jawad Al-Taie. "Geotechnical Review for Gypseous Soils: Properties and Stabilization." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 34, no. 5 (September 30, 2022): 785–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2022-34(5)-04.
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In many arid and semi-arid regions, collapsible soils are well-known to be problematic in nature and negatively affect the performance of engineering structures. Gypseous soil considers one of the well-known types of collapsible soil. It represents a real challenge to engineers due to different problems encountered by engineering projects implemented in this soil. The mineralogy, composition, and fabric of gypseous soil affect its ability to deform when subjected to wetting (due to changing the whole structure soil particles). Numerous studies considered the problems of gypseous soils and their treatment with different additives and using different methods. In this paper, the properties of gypsum (physical appearances, hardness, density, chemical structure), gypsum effect on soil properties (specific gravity, compaction properties, shear strength), main geotechnical properties of gypseous soils, their problems, and different important additives (traditional and non-traditional) and methods used in gypseous soils problems mitigation have been discussed. Gypsum is one of unpredictable materials that have different forms, low hardness, and low density. Gypsum is the main occurring source of sulphate in soils, it affects their geotechnical properties to different degrees depending on its content, the presence of the other salts (than gypsum), soil gradation and type, and organic matters. There is a critical gypsum content beyond which gypsum negatively affects the shear strength of soils, this content is (10-20)%. Finally, although there are many additives used in the treatment of gypsum soil, the use of some additives should be done with caution to avoid destructive results, especially with clay gypseous soil.
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Miháliková, M., S. Matula, and F. Doležal. "HYPRESCZ - database of soil hydrophysical properties in the Czech Republic." Soil and Water Research 8, No. 1 (February 6, 2013): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/58/2012-swr.
Full textAbstract:
The database of soil hydrophysical properties in the Czech Republic called HYPRESCZ was created. It is based on the European database HYPRES, HYdraulic PRoperties of European Soils, and follows its structure with few modifications. It collects the available data from the Czech Republic from which pedotransfer functions (PTFs) for the estimation of soil hydrophysical properties from easily available soil properties can be derived and 2101 database entries were collected. The entries have different quality of data, out of the total number of entries 707 entries were applicable to PTFs derivation for the estimation of soil water retention curves (SWRCs). After elimination of replicates, finally 159 unique soil horizons (arable land only) were used for PTFs derivation. The parametric continuous pedotransfer functions for estimation of SWRCs in the Czech Republic were derived within this study and are based on Wösten’s model. The retention curves were estimated using both these newly derived PTFs and Wösten’s original model, which was derived for European soils in general. The uncertainty of estimation was evaluated, employing the root mean squared error (RMSE) and the coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) comparing the PTF-estimated and the directly fitted retention curves. The reliability of the newly derived PTFs for Czech soils was higher (RMSE = 0.059 cm<sup>3</sup>/cm<sup>3</sup> and R<sup>2</sup> = 71%) compared to Wösten’s general PTFs (RMSE = 0.11 cm<sup>3</sup>/cm<sup>3</sup> and R<sup>2</sup> = 36%).
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Watkar, Amita M. "Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil Collected from Chandrabhaga River in Kalmeshwar, Nagpur, Maharashtra." Journal of Advanced Research in Alternative Energy, Environment and Ecology 07, no. 02 (June 19, 2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2455.3093.202006.
Full textAbstract:
Soil, itself means Soul of Infinite Life. Soil is the naturally occurring unconsolidated or loose covering on the earth’s surface. Physical properties depend upon the amount, size, shape, arrangement, and mineral composition of soil particles. It also depends on the organic matter content and pore spaces. Chemical properties depend on the Inorganic and organic matter present in the soil. Soils are the essential components of the environment and foundation resources for nearly all types of land use, besides being the most important component of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, assessment of soil quality and its direction of change with time is an ideal and primary indicator of sustainable agricultural land management. Soil quality indicators refer to measurable soil attributes that influence the capacity of a soil to function, within the limits imposed by the ecosystem, to preserve biological productivity and environmental quality and promote plant, animal and human health. The present study is to assess these soil attributes such as physical and chemical properties season-wise.
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Behrens, T., K. Gregor, and W. Diepenbrock. "Separation of soil and canopy reflectance signatures of Mid German agricultural soils." Plant, Soil and Environment 51, No, 7 (November 19, 2011): 296–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3589-pse.
Full textAbstract:
Remote sensing can provide visual indications of crop growth during production season. In past, spectral optical estimations were well performed in the ability to be correlated with crop and soil properties but were not consistent within the whole production season. To better quantify vegetation properties gathered via remote sensing, models of soil reflectance under changing moisture conditions are needed. Signatures of reflected radiation were acquired for several Mid German agricultural soils in laboratory and field experiments. Results were evaluated at near-infrared spectral region at the wavelength of 850 nm. The selected soils represented different soil colors and brightness values reflecting a broad range of soil properties. At the wavelength of 850 nm soil reflectance ranged between 10% (black peat) and 74% (white quartz sand). The reflectance of topsoils varied from 21% to 32%. An interrelation was found between soil brightness rating values and spectral optical reflectance values in form of a linear regression. Increases of soil water content from 0% to 25% decreased signatures of soil reflectance at 850 nm of two different soil types about 40%. The interrelation of soil reflectance and soil moisture revealed a non-linear exponential function. Using knowledge of the individual signature of soil reflectance as well as the soil water content at the measurement, soil reflectance could be predicted. As a result, a clear separation is established between soil reflectance and reflectance of the vegetation cover if the vegetation index is known.
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Sahu, Mamta, Manik Chandra Kundu, and Mohammed Nisab C. P. "Soil Properties Influence Vertical Distribution of Boron Fractions in Lateritic Soil." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 14, Sep, 9 (September 21, 2023): 1249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2023.4115.
Full textAbstract:
The present study was conducted at Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva-Bharati, West Bengal, India, during 2019-20 to evaluate the different fractions of boron (B) along depth and their relationship to some soil properties in lateritic soils of West Bengal, India. The sequential B fractionation scheme was followed to estimate B fractions in the studied soils. It was found that most of the soils fall under the sandy clay loam and clay loam soil textural categories. The soil pH was either categorized as extremely acidic or slightly acidic in nature and the range of low to medium organic carbon content was present. The studied soils’ CEC varied between 5.90 to 26.64 [C mol (P+) kg-1]. In the B fractionation study, it was revealed that, for uptake of plants, the readily soluble boron (Rs-B) is the most easily accessible fraction among all other fractions, and the residual boron (Res-B) fraction accounts for the major portion of total soil boron (Tot-B). Different soil properties of the study area greatly influenced the B fractions along soil depths. The contribution of different B fractions towards total soil B (Tot-B) B followed the order: residual boron (Res-B) >> oxide-bound boron (Oxd-B) > organically bound boron (Org-B) > specifically adsorbed boron (Sad-B) > readily soluble boron (Rs-B). The current study will be helpful for adopting the fertilizer management practices of boron-deficient lateritic soils (Alfisols).
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Smirnova, M. A., and D. N. Kozlov. "Soil Properties as Indicators of Soil Moisture Regime Parameters (a Review)." Почвоведение, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 353–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0032180x22601037.
Full textAbstract:
The water movement in soils contributes to the formation of a number of specific soil properties; their interpretation allows for to characterization of the features of both individual hydrological processes and the soil water regime, which is especially important due to the limited possibilities of soil wetness monitoring. The review considers the diagnostic indicators of mineral soils, determined in the field and laboratory conditions, characterized by different formation times and resistance to changes in environmental factors. Field methods for diagnosing soil moisture regime parameters make it possible to formulate hypotheses about the features of water behavior within the soil profile, which can later be confirmed or refuted as a result of laboratory diagnostic methods, regime observations, and physical and mathematiqcal modeling. In particular, on the basis of a standard field description of soils, it is possible to identify the zone of the greatest moisture turnover, areas of the soil profile, which are characterized by constant and periodic moisture stagnation, as well as determining the level of occurrence of the capillary fringe. Clay coats, root burrows, and soil animals paths mark the preferental flows. Laboratory diagnostic methods are aimed at assessing the quantitative ratio of hydrological processes in the soil; basically, they allow to characterize the source, duration and intensity of the period of soil overmoistering. The Schwertman criterion is the most commonly used analytical indicator for diagnosing soil overmoistering, the possibility and effectiveness of which has been shown for a wide range of soils. Verification of the results of hydrological modeling by soil properties is potentially possible for the processes of downward and lateral runoff, physical evaporation of moisture, transpiration, evapotranspiration and capillary rise.
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Brodský, L., A. Klement, V. Penížek, R. Kodešová, and L. Borůvka. "Building soil spectral library of the Czech soils for quantitative digital soil mapping." Soil and Water Research 6, No. 4 (November 28, 2011): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/24/2011-swr.
Full textAbstract:
Spectral libraries are the data archives of spectral signatures measured on natural and/or man-made materials. Here, the objective is to build a soil spectral library of the Czech soils (SSL-CZ). Further on, the overall aim is to apply diffuse reflectance spectroscopy as a tool for digital soil mapping. An inevitable part of the library is a metadata database that stores the corresponding auxiliary information on the soils: type of material (soil, parent material), sample preparation, location of the sample with geographic coordinates, soil classification, morphological features, soil laboratory measurements – chemical, physical, and potential biological properties, geophysical features of and climatological information on the sample location. The metadata database consists of seven general tables (General, Spatial, Soil class, Environmental, Auxiliary, Analytical and Spectra) relationally linked together. The stored information allows for a wide range of analyses and for modelling developments of digital soil mapping applications. An example of partial least-square regression (PLSR) modelling for soil pH and clay content with 0.84 and 0.68 coefficients of determination is provided on the subset of the collected data. Currently, the SSL-CZ database contains more than 500 records in the first phase of development. Spectral reflectance signatures are stored in the range of 350 to 2500 nm with a step of 1 nm measured by ASD FieldSpec 3. The soil spectral library developed is fully compatible with Global Soil Spectral Library (Soil Spectroscopy Group).
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Tkachenko, A. N., M. N. Kozachuk, and O. V. Tkachenko. "Morphological properties of underwater soils of river deltas." Dokuchaev Soil Bulletin, no. 99 (December 9, 2019): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.19047/0136-1694-2019-99-62-75.
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The results of the study of the morphological properties of underwater soils in the deltas of the Volga, Don and Kuban rivers are shown. This paper is based on field descriptions of profiles of underwater soils found in deltas. Genetic horizons have been identified, their basic properties (pH, Eh, electrical conductivity, grain size composition, organic carbon content) have been studied and the main types of soils, which are formed under different types of sedimentation and under different types of aquatic vegetation, have been described. Names of horizons and types of soils are given due to the classification of underwater soils (aquazems) of the Volga delta, that had been proposed previously. The diversity of underwater soils of three deltas has been studied, and the properties of the same soil types formed in different deltas have been compared. The features of underwater soils formation are described; the difference between the factors of underwater and terrestrial soil formation is discussed. It is shown that the number of occurring soil types depends on the diversity of the emerging types of aquatic landscapes and the contrast of the conditions of migration and accumulation of matter. Necessary conditions for the forming of underwater soils and the possibility of relating bottom sediments to soil formations are discussed. Our results are indicative of the need of studying bottom sediments with soil-like profile from the standpoint of soil science and the inclusion of aquazems into the modern Russian soil classification.
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Ngole-Jeme, Veronica M. "Fire-Induced Changes in Soil and Implications on Soil Sorption Capacity and Remediation Methods." Applied Sciences 9, no. 17 (August 21, 2019): 3447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9173447.
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Vegetation changes caused by fire events are visible instantly but changes in soils are less apparent, and could be short-term, long-term or permanent in nature. Research has shown that soils undergo changes in their mineralogical, geochemical, physico-chemical and biological properties after a fire event that may vary depending on the intensity and duration of the fire, and the properties of the soil. Some of these properties make significant contributions towards soil’s ability to sorb contaminants. Changes in these properties could affect soil sorption complex and the effectiveness of remediation methods used to clean these soils when contaminated. This review synthesizes available information on fire-induced changes in soil properties affecting soil sorption and the factors which dictate these changes. The implications of changes in these properties on the soil’s natural attenuation capacity and choice of remediation method to clean up fire-affected contaminated soils are also discussed.
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Laktionova, T., V. Medvedev, K. Savchenko, O. Bigun, S. Nakis’ko, and S. Sheyko. "“Ukrainian soil properties” database and its application." Agricultural Science and Practice 2, no. 3 (December 15, 2015): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/agrisp2.03.003.
Full textAbstract:
The structure and the main characteristics of the multi-purpose soil database “Ukrainian Soil Properties”, de- signed on the basis of the data of long-term soil studies comprisin, analysis of the samples and mapping of the soils are presented. The attributive data for the 2,075 soil profiles are ranked and grouped into nine separate thematic tables. The key field of each table is the indexing number for the soil profile. It ensures a genuine link between the profile sets of attributive data and the cartographic units on the soil maps in the different scales, on the map chart of economic and agricultural zoning and the administrative map of Ukraine. The main indicators of the soil properties were determined; the legends of both Ukrainian and the WRB classifications were used to code the names of soils. The main results of scientific research were listed, including the ones, obtained in the framework of international projects, implemented using the mentioned database.
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Khafida, Wilda, Beata Klimek, and Maria Niklińska. "The relationship between soil bacteria carbon utilization and soil physicochemical properties." E3S Web of Conferences 495 (2024): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202449502006.
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This study aimed to explore the relationship between carbon utilization pattern of soil bacterial communities and the soil physicochemical properties in temperate forest of Poland under two different climatic conditions. Ten different forest soils from three forest types (deciduous, mixed, and coniferous forest) were incubated in laboratory conditions in two temperatures: 10°C and 30 °C, through 8 months. The soil bacteria carbon utilization was investigated using Biolog® Eco plates. The number of carbon substrate decayed on Biolog® Eco plates declined after the incubation in all studied forest soils. The soil samples originating from deciduous forest which were highly distinct performance with others correlated to their soil properties which were also highly different. Several soil properties e.g. pH, C/N ratio, SOM and the relation with vegetation types were found affecting the carbon utilization by bacterial communities. However, in this study, the relation between soil bacterial communities carbon utilization with soil physicochemical properties is limited, as soil bacteria are characterized by the high ability to adapt.
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Schepers, W., and D. Kulke. "Cone penetration tests and dynamic soil properties." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2647, no. 25 (June 1, 2024): 252005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2647/25/252005.
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Abstract Current standards like ISO 14837-32:2015 and DIN EN 1998-1/NA:2021 as well as prEN 1997-2:2022 allow for using correlations between the results of in-situ soil penetration tests and shear wave velocity (or shear modulus) to determine soil properties to be used in dynamic analyses. While the ISO and prEN standards even provide some recommendations on specific correlations to be used, the DIN standard does not. Due to the statistical nature of such correlations their general applicability has to be verified. We collected data sets from test sites from Germany as well as New Zealand at which cone penetration tests (CPT) as well as seismic site investigation methods were conducted. These sites comprise sandy soils as well as clayey soils, mixed soils as well as glacial soils. We compare the results of several correlations between CPT results and shear wave velocity. The accuracy of such correlations is assessed with respect to the accuracy of seismic in-situ tests. It turns out that for clean sands such correlations between CPT and V s have a similar order of variability as seismic in-situ tests conducted at the same site. The higher the fines portion of the soil, the higher the variability of the statistical correlations, and consequently the less the general applicability. For glacial soils and other special soil types usage of statistical correlations to determine dynamic soil properties is not recommended.
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Ross, PJ, and BJ Bridge. "Thermal properties of swelling clay soils." Soil Research 25, no. 1 (1987): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9870029.
Full textAbstract:
The thermal properties of swelling clay soils do not appear to have been previously studied, even though they should be different from those of non-swelling soils because of changes in pore size and structure with water content. We measured the thermal diffusivity of small discs cut from cores of a highly swelling black earth (Pellustert) using the pulse method, common in materials science but not previously applied to soils. Thermal conductivity was calculated from thermal diffusivity and heat capacity per unit volume. The behaviour of these thermal properties was indeed different from those reported for nonswelling soils. The conductivity and diffusivity at low water contents were several times higher, increased much less with water content, and eventually decreased when the soil became saturated and swelled. The heat capacity per unit volume increased more slowly with water content because of the swelling. Over the agriculturally important suction range from 10 kPa to 1.5 MPa (0.1 to 15 bar), the conductivity decreased with increasing water content, a behaviour opposite to that of non-swelling soils. The behaviour could be predicted by three theoretical models, each with two parameters estimated from the data. The first parameter, the conductivity of soil solids, was common to all models, and estimated values ranged from 2.2 to 2.6 Wm-' K-l. The model of de Vries, commonly used in soil science, was applied with the soil solids matrix as the continuous medium and fitted the data particularly well. The second parameter in this model was a shape factor for small pores. Its estimated value corresponded with spheroidal pores with a diameter-to-height ratio of 16, which is reasonable in a swelling clay soil. The de Vries model was used to calculate the conductivity of bulk soil in the vertical direction, assuming that 20% of soil shrinkage appeared as isolated, randomly distributed cracks between aggregates. The conductivity was substantially less than that of the aggregates at lower water contents, but differed little for wetter soil at suctions below 1.5 MPa. In contrast, calculated values of conductivity were much lower when the de Vries model was applied with air as the continuous medium to a cultivated soil structure such as might be found in a seedbed.
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Ivanova, Natalia Nikolaevna, Vasily Ivanovich Kargin, Aleksandr Nikiphorovich Danilov, and Aleksandr Vladimirovich Letuchiy. "Agrochemical properties of alluvial soils of Insar river flood." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 11 (November 14, 2019): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2019i11pp8-12.
Full textAbstract:
Studies show that the most fertile are the granular soils of the Central floodplain of the Insar river. They have high humus content in the upper horizons – 4.6-7.6 %. Down the profile, the humus content gradually decreases, but remains relatively high: at a depth of 60-70 cm – 4.0 %. The humus content in alluvial granular-layered and meadow-marsh soils is much lower. The active reaction of these soils is neutral or slightly acidic, since the river and groundwater of the Insar floodplain are medium mineralized and belong to the class of bicarbonate. The hydrolytic acidity of the alluvial granular soil of the Insar floodplain is 1.6-3.0 mg / 100 g of soil. The values of hydrolytic acidity of alluvial granular-layered and meadow-marsh soils are higher: 2.6-3.6 and 1.8–3.2 mg/100 g of soil, respectively. The studied alluvial soils are almost completely saturated with bases: 91-97 %. The studied alluvial granular soils of the Insar floodplain are characterized by an average content of available phosphorus. In granular-layered and meadow-marsh soils, the amount of this element is slightly less and is 7.0–5.1 and 7.4–5.4 mg/100 g of soil, respectively. The most potassium-rich alluvial granular soil in the floodplain of the Insar river, where the content of this element in the upper layers is characterized as high: 16.5–27.6 mg/100 g of soil. In the sod layer of granular-layered soil, potassium availability is average: 9.5-15.4 mg / 100 g of soil. In the turf layer of meadow-marsh soils, potassium content is observed for most crops (8.0-10.4 mg / 100 g of soil), with depth it decreases.
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Dessureault-Rompré, Jacynthe, Bernie J. Zebarth, David L. Burton, and Alex Georgallas. "Predicting soil nitrogen supply from soil properties." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 95, no. 1 (February 2015): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss-2014-057.
Full textAbstract:
Dessureault-Rompré, J., Zebarth, B. J., Burton, D. L. and Georgallas, A. 2015. Predicting soil nitrogen supply from soil properties. Can. J. Soil Sci. 95: 63–75. Prediction functions based on simple kinetic models can be used to estimate soil N mineralization as an aid to improved fertilizer N management, but require long-term incubations to obtain the necessary parameters. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the feasibility of predicting the mineralizable N parameters necessary to implement prediction functions and in addition to verify their efficiency in modeling soil N supply (SNS) over a growing season. To implement a prediction function based on a first-order (F) kinetic model, a regression equation was developed using a data base of 92 soils, which accounted for 65% of the variance in potentially mineralizable N (N 0) using soil total N (STN) and Pool I, a labile mineralizable N pool. However, the F prediction function did not provide satisfactory prediction (R 2=0.17–0.18) of SNS when compared with a field-based measure of SNS (PASNS) if values of N 0 were predicted from the regression equation. We also examined a two-pool zero- plus first-order (ZF) prediction function. A regression model was developed including soil organic C and Pool I and explained 66% of the variance in k S , the rate constant of the zero-order pool. In addition, a regression equation was developed which explained 86% of the variance in the size of the first-order pool, N L , from Pool I. The ZF prediction function provided satisfactory prediction of SNS (R 2=0.41–0.49) using both measured and predicted values of k S and N L . This study demonstrated a simple prediction function can be used to estimate SNS over a growing season where the mineralizable N parameters are predicted from simple soil properties using regression equations.
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Rulev, Aleksandr S., and Olga V. Ruleva. "THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS OF THE VOLGOGRAD REGION." Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture 14, no. 5 (October 30, 2022): 337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-6649-2022-14-5-337-348.
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The study of soil thermophysics is a complex process. It is connected with the weather conditions, the time of year, the cloud cover of the atmosphere. In addition, studies were carried out in a system of bands and the state of the surface layer was influenced by such processes as the number of LP, rock composition. On the interstitial cell – the presence or absence of vegetation, the phases of its development. Therefore, qualitative interpretations of soil temperature indicators will be subjective.
Goal. Based on empirical data, using mathematical modeling based on soil temperature data, calculate the thermophysical characteristics of chestnut soils of the Volgograd region.
Novelty. For the first time, the characteristics of their thermophysical properties have been calculated for chestnut complex soils.
Methods. The soil temperature at a depth of 0–20 and 20–40 cm in the zone of influence of forest strips for a longterm period is considered. The studies were carried out on chestnut and light chestnut soils of the Volgograd region in the system of forest strips (LP). The soil temperature was determined in fields without plants and under crops.
Results. The thermal conductivity and thermal conductivity of chestnut soils were determined. A method of thermal reclamation is considered, which, in the absence of evaporation from the soil surface, causes a negative thermal effect (-∆T). When the soil is open in the interband cell (due to increased heat capacity), it warms up more in forested fields than without forest strips (LP).
Conclusion. Mathematical modeling was used in the calculations of the thermophysical characteristics of soils. Linear, for soil without plants, and exponential (under agricultural crops) dependences are obtained. Mathematical analysis of empirical data on soil temperature showed no differences in the thermophysics of soils with and without vegetation.
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Krzyżaniak, M., and J. Lemanowicz. "Enzymatic activity of the Kuyavia Mollic Gleysols (Poland) against their chemical properties ." Plant, Soil and Environment 59, No. 8 (July 31, 2013): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/211/2013-pse.
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The research results have shown that the enzyme pH index (0.49–0.83) confirmed the neutral or alkaline nature of the soils. Neither the changes in the content of available phosphorus nor in the activity of dehydrogenases, catalase, alkaline and acid phosphatase in soil were due to the factors triggering soil salinity; they were a result of the naturally high content of carbon of organic compounds, which was statistically verified with the analysis of correlation between the parameters. There were recorded highly significant values of the coefficients of correlation between the content of available phosphorus in soil and the activity of alkaline (r = 0.96; P < 0.05) and acid phosphatase (r = 0.91; P < 0.05) as well as dehydrogenase (r = 0.90; P < 0.05). To sum up, one can state that Mollic Gleysols in Inowrocław are the soils undergoing seasonal salinity; however, a high content of ions responsible for salinity is balanced with a high content of organic carbon, humus, phosphorus and calcium directly affecting the fertility of the soils analyzed. The activity of the enzymes depended on the natural content of carbon of organic compounds and not on the factors affecting the soil salinity, which points to the potential of such tests for soil environment monitoring.
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Beyer, L., J. G. Bockheim, I. B. Campbell, and G. G. C. Claridge. "Genesis, properties and sensitivity of Antarctic Gelisols." Antarctic Science 11, no. 4 (December 1999): 387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102099000498.
Full textAbstract:
According to the newest version of the US Soil Taxonomy permafrost-affected soils are Gelisols. Antarctic Gelisols in the cold deserts of the Ross Sea sector are formed under extreme conditions of low temperature and aridity. The main soil forming processes are oxidation and salinization, with almost complete absence of organic matter. The oldest soils date from around 13 Ma. The origin of most soil salts is atmospheric, linking these soils to those in other parts of the world through atmospheric processes. The soils have water contents in the active layer of the most arid areas <1%. With decreasing latitude or proximity to the coast in East Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula, soil water contents increase and the soils support a range of soil organisms and plant species. At latitudes ≤66°S organic matter accumulation and several other pedogenic processes such as cryoturbation, mineral weathering, brunification, acidification, podzolization and redoximorphism occur. In addition, these soils receive nitrogen and phosphorus from seabirds. In most places summer thaw lasts little more than six weeks; thaw depths range from around 10–100 cm. A critical factor in the soil development is the albedo of the soil surface, since the absorbed energy controls weathering processes. The extreme fragility of the soils in the arid Ross Sea sector is largely due to the absence of structure, cohesion, moisture and organic materials. Recovery from physical human disturbances is in the order of hundreds to thousands of years. In East Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula plant and organisms growth is similarly slow and ecosystems are susceptible to human impact. The occurrence of many old soils at high inland elevation indicates that little response to global climatic change would be expected there. For the much younger soils in East Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula, when mean annual summer temperatures are higher, responses to global change and change in sea level may be significant.
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Asmar, Asmar, Amrizal Saidi, and Masliyunas Masliyunas. "HUBUNGAN KESUBURAN TANAH DENGAN PRODUKTIVITAS TANAMAN." Jurnal Solum 7, no. 1 (January 2, 2010): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/js.7.1.27-36.2010.
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A research about relationship between soil properties and crop yield was conducted in Pandai Sikek, Tanah Datar Region, center for cabbage and carrot production, West Sumatra in 2004 and 2005. Soil samples were collected from rainfed paddy soils by purposive random sampling. Soil samples were analyzed in Soil Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty and Agriculture Polytechnique Laboratory, Andalas University. Several soil physical properties analysed were soil bulk density and total soil pores by using gravimetric method, permeability with de Boodt method, soil water content at several pF values using pressure plate apparatus, and soil strength by using penetrometer. Soil chemical parameters analysed were soil pH using pH-meter, organic-C using Walkley and Black, available P using Bray II, and cation exchange capacity using NH4-leaching at pH 7.0, and N-total using Kjehdhal method. Crop productions were sampled from a 3x3 m2 of soil sampling area. The result showed that soils planted by cabbage and carrot had good soil physical properties, such as having balanced pore size distribution. The chemical properties of the soils were good as well, except N, K- and Ca-exchangeable which were very low. The other soil properties were quite good. Soil physical properties gave different response on both crops. Carrots were more response aeration pore and soil organic matter content, then cabbage was more response on BV, TSP, and slow drainage pores. While soil chemical properties did not give significant response. Both crops responded on Ca, but cabbage was more response on N-total, and carrot on CEC and saturated cationKey Words: Soil Physical Properties, Soil Fertility, Crop Productivity
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Ntalo, Malizo, Khuliso Emmanuel Ravhuhali, Bethwell Moyo, Ntuwiseni Emile Mmbi, and Kwena Hilda Mokoboki. "Physical and chemical properties of the soils in selected communal properties associations of South Africa." PeerJ 10 (October 19, 2022): e13960. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13960.
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Communal Property Associations (CPAs) rangeland users need more knowledge on the state of their respective grazing lands and also the interaction of soil properties with grazing management implemented. This study aimed to investigate the effect grazing has on the physical and chemical properties of four different soil types found in selected CPAs of the Bela-Bela municipality, they are as follows: Mawela (Hutton-clay loam: HCL), Bela-Bela (Hutton-clay: HC), Moretele (Hutton-loamy sand: HLS) and Ramorula (Ecca sand-clay loam: ESCL).The macro and micro minerals, pH, nitrate-nitrogen, ammonium-nitrogen, organic carbon, soil particle size distribution, acidity and resistance were all measured. All data were subjected to two-way factorial analysis of variance (SAS, 2010). The topsoil was sampled at a depth of 300 mm at an interval of 100 m (100 and 200 m) from the same transect used for woody species data collection resulting in a total of 18 samples per CPA. In each CPA, three camps were selected. In each camp, three transects 200 m apart at the length of 200 m were set. In each transect, soils were drawn at 0, 100 and 200 m making a total of nine soil samples per each camp. The highest (P < 0.05) pH (7.14) recorded on the sub-soil was in HLS. Nitrate nitrogen (2.4 mg/kg) concentration on the topsoil was high (P < 0.05) in HC soil type. Soil organic carbon for both topsoil (0.66%) and subsoil (0.41%) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in HLS soil type and ESCL soil type respectively. Phosphorus concentration was significantly high (P < 0.05) in ESCL soil type for both topsoil (12.86 mg/kg) and sub-soil (1.59 mg/kg). Iron concentration was high in both topsoil (11.8 mg/kg) and sub-soil (7.3 mg/kg) in ESCL soil type. Sub-soil manganese concentration was found to be higher (P < 0.05) in ESCL soil type (7.58 mg/kg). Soil resistance (2880 Ω ) measured in topsoil was high (P < 0.05) in HCL soil type compared to other soil types. Moreover, for the sub-soil the highest (P < 0.05) resistance (least salts) (3640 Ω) was recorded in ESCL soil type. For most of the soil types, the mineral concentration was higher in topsoil than in sub-soil, this trend explains that the uptake of these minerals by plants took place due to the inconsistencies of grazing management employed in these selected CPA farms. It is of colossal significance to properly manage rangelands, to allow a fair-to-good herbaceous layer in the presence of minerals in the soils and farmer should prioritize having enclosures and keeping N-fixing tree species in the rangelands to achieve the above mentioned conditions.
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Fahmi, Arifin, Ani Susilawati, and Ahmad Rachman. "Influence of Height Waterlogging on Soil Physical Properties of Potential and Actual Acid Sulphate Soils." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 19, no. 2 (April 21, 2015): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2014.v19i2.67-73.
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Water management is main factor that determines the successful of rice cultivation in acid sulphate soil. Soil waterlogging determines the direction and rate of chemical, geochemical and biological reaction in the soil, indirectly these reactions may influence to the changes of soil psycal properties during soil waterlogging process. The experiment was aimed to study the changes of two type of acid sulphate soils physical properties during rice straw decomposition processes. The research was conducted in the greenhouse consisting of the three treatment factors using the completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor was soil type: potential acid sulphate soil (PASS) and actual acid sulphate soil (AASS). The second factor was height of water waterlogging: 0.5-1.0 cm (muddy water–level condition) and 4.0 cm from above the soil surface (waterlogged). The third factor was organic matter type: rice straw (RS), purun tikus (Eleocharis dulcis) (PT) and mixed of RS and PT (MX). Soil physical properties such as aggregate stability, total soil porosity, soil permeability, soil particle density and bulk density were observed at the end of experiment (vegetative maximum stage). The results showed that acid sulphate soil type had large effect on soil physicl properties, soil waterlogging decreased aggregate stability, soil particle density and bulk density both of soil type.Keywords : Acid sulphate soils, soil physical properties, and waterlogging [How to Cite: Arifin F, A Susilawati and A Rachman. 2014. Influence of Height Waterlogging on Soil Physical Properties of Potential and Actual Acid Sulphate Soils. J Trop Soils 19(2): 77-83. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2014.19.2.77]
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Jiang, Xinmei, Jiaye Lyu, and Hao Tang. "Differential Analysis of Biochar Effects on Soil Physicochemical Properties." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 26 (December 30, 2022): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v26i.3635.
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For a long time, because of China’s large population and small per capita resource occupancy, the use of natural resources is unreasonable. Soil degradation problem due to the long-term irrational utilization of land resources is becoming more and more serious, which seriously damaging the ecological environment and hindering China’s modernization process. Facing the problem of soil remediation, biochar technology has become a research hotspot because of its advantages of green environmental protection, low cost, high efficiency, and wide application. And black soil in northeast China and southern region of red soil as important soil types of agroforestry in China, over the years have experienced serious soil degradation crisis. In this paper, black soil and red soil are selected as research objects to explore the impact of biochar on the physical and chemical properties of the two soils. This paper intends to use the methods of investigation and analysis, and comparison in many aspects. Through the study, it was found that the application of biochar had the same trend of influence on the organic carbon content and C/N ratio of the two soils, but the index of black soil increased more significantly. The change trend of soil bulk density and pH was also consistent with the application of biochar, and the difference was not significant. The effects of biochar applied to the two soils on greenhouse gas emissions were quite different. The soil health of black soil and red soil is of great significance in China’s agricultural production and life. This paper expects to bring reference value to the improvement of the overall soil function and the promotion of ecological restoration process of China’s biochar modification work for different soil types in the north and south, by comparing the impact of biochar on the physical and chemical properties of the two soils. A better soil improvement program can be obtained after comparative analysis, so as to provide suggestions on sustainable development and comprehensively promote ecological construction.
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Prasanna, Shwetha. "Analysis of Hydraulic Properties of Indian Forest Soil." Journal of Civil Engineering and Construction 7, no. 1 (February 24, 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32732/jcec.2018.7.1.12.
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Soils are a product of the factors of formation and continuously change over the earth’s surface. The analysis of the spatial variability of soil properties is important for land management and construction of an ecological environment. Soils are characterized by high degree of spatial variability due to the combined effect of physical, chemical or biological processes that operate with different intensities and at different scales. The spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties helps us to find the subsurface flux of water. The most frequently used hydraulic properties are soil water retention curve and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Both these hydraulic properties exhibit a high degree of spatial and temporal variability. The primary objective of this study was to analyze the spatial variability of hydraulic properties of forest soils of Pavanje river basin. Correlation analysis technique has been used to analyze various soil properties. Spatial variability of the forested hillslope soils at different depths varied considerably among the soil hydraulic properties. The spatial variability of water retention at all the different pressure head is low at the top layers, and increases towards the bottom layers. The saturated hydraulic conductivity is almost same in the top layers, but more in the bottom layers of forest soil.
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Magnusson, Tord. "Relationships between soil properties and the soil atmosphere in Swedish forest soils." Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 10, no. 1-4 (January 1995): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02827589509382886.
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Frey, J. E., and J. R. Ellis. "Relationship of soil properties and soil amendments to response of Glomus intraradices and soybeans." Canadian Journal of Botany 75, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): 483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b97-052.
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Knowledge of the role of soil properties on mycorrhizal relationships with host plants may contribute to the ecological understanding of the fungus and its effectiveness in indigenous or introduced soil conditions. This study examined the response of Glomus intraradices, an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus, and soybean host in five benchmark soils. Glomus intraradices increased, with a few exceptions, shoot dry weight, root length, shoot phosphorus, and shoot zinc in all soils. Soil amendments (nitrogen, phosphorus, and pH adjustments) affected mycorrhizal hyphal length per plant and hyphal to root length ratio, as well as shoot Zn. Interactions among soil properties, soybean plant, and this mycorrhizal isolate suggested that soil properties, such as pH, pore diameter, and silt and organic matter, may have difficulties predicting arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal response. However, before soil amendment, regression models were accurate in predicting shoot dry weight, mycorrhizal colonization, and hyphal development of this mycorrhizal isolate on plants. When soil amendments were added to the soil property regression model, the predictive ability of the model was greatly reduced or nonexistent. The observations in this study indicate the effects of soil properties on root colonization and external hyphal production are important in examining AM fungal – plant interaction. An understanding of soil properties will be essential to understand mycorrhizal fungal ecology and to effectively use mycorrhiza in biological systems. Key words: mycorrhiza, soil properties, soybean growth, mycorrhizal hyphae, benchmark soils.
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Mátyás, Bence, Maritza Elizabeth Chiluisa Andrade, Nora Carmen Yandun Chida, Carina Maribel Taipe Velasco, Denisse Estefania Gavilanes Morales, Gisella Nicole Miño Montero, Lenin Javier Ramirez Cando, and Ronnie Xavier Lizano Acevedo. "Comparing organic versus conventional soil management on soil respiration." F1000Research 7 (March 2, 2018): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.13852.1.
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Soil management has great potential to affect soil respiration. In this study, we investigated the effects of organic versus conventional soil management on soil respiration. We measured the main soil physical-chemical properties from conventional and organic managed soil in Ecuador. Soil respiration was determined using alkaline absorption according to Witkamp. Soil properties such as organic matter, nitrogen, and humidity, were comparable between conventional and organic soils in the present study, and in a further analysis there was no statically significant correlation with soil respiration. Therefore, even though organic farmers tend to apply more organic material to their fields, but this did not result in a significantly higher CO2 production in their soils in the present study.