Relevant bibliographies by topics / Soil properties

Academic literature on the topic 'Soil properties'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Soil properties"

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Hamad, Asal Mahmud, and Mahmood Gazey Jassam. "A Comparative Study for the Effect of Some Petroleum Products on the Engineering Properties of Gypseous Soils." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 29, no. 3 (October 15, 2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.29.3.7.

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Gypseous soils are considered problematic soils because the soil cavities happen during receiving the water or this type of soil and solving gypsum materials and contract in a soil volume. In this study, three types of gypseous soils are used; soil1, soil2, and soil3 with gypsum content (28.71%, 43.6%, and 54.88%) respectively, petroleum products (engine oil, fuel oil, and kerosene) are added to the soils with percentages (3%, 6%, 9%, and 12%) for each product. The result showed that specific gravity, liquid limit, optimum moisture content (O.M.C), and maximum dry density decreased with an increased percentage of product for all types of products. The direct shear (dry and soaked case) results show that increasing the (angle of internal friction and the soil cohesion) for soil1, soil2, and soil3 by adding engine oil and fuel oil. Still, when the soils were treated with kerosene, the angle of internal friction increased while cohesion decreased. The collapse potential for the treated soils increases with increasing gypsum content for all petroleum products. The collapse potential (CP) for (soil1) decreased by 47% when using 6% of the engine oil, 48.8% when using 9% of the fuel oil, and 55% when using 9% of the kerosene. The same percentage of the petroleum products (engine oil, fuel oil, and kerosene) decrease the collapse potential for (soil2), (47%, 46%, and 50%) respectively and decrease the collapse potential for (soil 3), (51%, 47.7%, and 52%) respectively. In the unconfined compressive test applied on (soil1) using maximum density, the results show that the soil strength increased (26% and 10%) when using 6% and engine oil and fuel oil, respectively, while the soil strength decreased by 29% when treated with 9% of kerosene.
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Borůvka, L., M. Valla, H. Donátová, and K. Němeček. "Vulnerability of soil aggregates in relation to soil properties." Plant, Soil and Environment 48, No. 8 (December 21, 2011): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4376-pse.

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Stability of soil structure represents an indicator of soil quality. The aim of this paper was to assess the effect of soil properties on structure vulnerability in an Orthic Luvisol. The aggregates were most vulnerable to fast wetting (mean K<sub>v1</sub>&nbsp;= 9.99, i.e. this effect can decrease the aggregate size 9.99 times). Lower destruction was caused by slow wetting and drying (K<sub>v2</sub>&nbsp;= 3.70) and mechanical forces (K<sub>v3</sub>&nbsp;= 1.67). Fine silt (particles of 0.002&ndash;0.01 mm) was the most important soil characteristic decreasing aggregate vulnerability (r = &ndash;0.334, &ndash;0.248, and &ndash;0.393 for K<sub>v1</sub>, K<sub>v2</sub>, and K<sub>v3</sub>, respectively). Silt (0.01&ndash;0.05 mm) increased vulnerability to fast wetting (r = 0.318). Very fine sand (0.05&ndash;0.1 mm) increased vulnerability to mechanical impacts (r = 0.307). Organic carbon decreased vulnerability only slightly. Humus quality was rather related to porosity. Higher moisture of samples in time of collection increased aggregate vulnerability. Multiple regression, used for description of the effect of basic soil properties, provided the best model for K<sub>v1</sub>&nbsp;(R<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;= 27.45%), the poorest for K<sub>v2</sub>&nbsp;(R<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;= 7.23%).
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Fattah, Mohammed A. Fattah, Shadan H. Khurshid Khurshid, and Rebaz A. Ahmad Ahmad. "Soil Cracking Depth as Influenced By Soil Physical Properties." Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A 2ndInt.Conf.AGR, Special Issue (February 6, 2018): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10657.

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Kodešová, R., M. Vlasáková, M. Fér, D. Teplá, O. Jakšík, P. Neuberger, and R. Adamovský. "Thermal properties of representative soils of the Czech Republic." Soil and Water Research 8, No. 4 (October 31, 2013): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/33/2013-swr.

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Knowledge of soil thermal properties is essential when assessing heat transport in soils. Thermal regime of soils is associated with many other soil processes (water evaporation and diffusion, plant transpiration, contaminants behaviour etc.). Knowledge of thermal properties is needed when assessing effectivity of energy gathering from soil profiles using horizontal ground heat exchangers, which is a topic of our research project. The study is focused on measuring of thermal properties (thermal conductivity and heat capacity) of representative soils of the Czech Republic. Measurements were performed on soil samples taken from the surface horizons of 13&nbsp;representative soil types and from 4 soil substrates, and on mulch (bark chips) sample using KD2 PRO device with TR-1 and SH-1 sensors. The measured relationships between the thermal conductivity and volumetric soil-water content were described by the non-linear equations and those between the volumetric heat capacity and volumetric soil-water content were expressed using the linear equations. The highest thermal conductivities were measured in soils on quartz sand substrates. The lowest thermal conductivities were measured in the Stagnic Chernozem Siltic on marlite and the Dystric Cambisol on orthogneiss. The opposite trend was observed for maximal heat capacities, i.e. the highest values were measured in the Stagnic Chernozem Siltic and the lowest in sand and soils on sand and sandy gravel substrate.
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Vopravil, Jan, Pavel Formánek, and Tomáš Khel. "Comparison of the physical properties of soils belonging to different reference soil groups." Soil and Water Research 16, No. 1 (December 11, 2020): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/31/2020-swr.

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Soil properties can be influenced by long-term agricultural management practices as described in pedological literature. In this study, selected physical properties (particle density and bulk density, total porosity, maximum capillary water capacity, minimum air capacity, field capacity, permanent wilting point and available water capacity) of topsoils from different reference soil groups (Cambisols, Luvisols, Fluvisols, Chernozems and Phaeozems, Leptosols, Stagnosols and Gleysols) were sampled and analysed in the years 2016–2017. The topsoil samples were taken from points of so-called S (specific) soil pits to be sampled from the General Soil Survey of Agricultural Soils (GSSAS) which was accomplished in the years 1961–1970. In addition, some of the properties were also compared with those measured during the GSSAS. Recognising the properties, only the particle density, the maximum capillary water capacity, the permanent wilting point and the available water capacity of the topsoil of the individual soil groups were statistically significantly (P &lt; 0.05) different. A comparison of the physical properties with those analysed after more than 40 years was performed, the bulk density increased and the total porosity decreased in the topsoil of the major part of the studied soil groups.
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Szara, Ewa, Tomasz Sosulski, and Magdalena Szymańska. "Soil phosphorus sorption properties in different fertilization systems." Plant, Soil and Environment 65, No. 2 (February 1, 2019): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/696/2018-pse.

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The study aimed at the evaluation of the accumulation and vertical distribution of different forms of phosphorus (P) in reference to phosphorus sorption properties subject to mineral (NPK), mineral-organic (NPK + M), and organic (M) fertilisation. It was carried out in a long-term experimental field in Skierniewice (Central Poland) conducted since 1923 under rye monoculture. Total P content in the M and NPK soil profile was similar and lower than in the NPK + M soil. The content of organic P in A<sub>p</sub> and E<sub>et</sub> horizons of both manured soils was similar and higher than in the NPK soil. The Langmuir P sorption maximum (S<sub>max</sub>) in the studied soils ranged from 39.7 to 90 mg P/kg, while the Freundlich P sorption coefficient a<sub>F</sub> ranged from 6.9 to 41.9 mg P/kg. Higher variability of parameters related to the binding energy from the Lanqmuir (k) and Freundlich (a<sub>F</sub>) equations was determined between soil horizons than between the fertilisation systems. Nonetheless, in M and NPK + M soils, sorption parameters a<sub>F</sub> and S<sub>max</sub> and binding energy (k, b<sub>F</sub>) were considerably lower than in the NPK soil. The content of water extracted P in manured soils was higher than in the NPK soil.
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Komiljon Ogli, Nurullaev Azamkhon, and Djalilova Gulnora Tulkunovna. "EFFECT OF EROSION PROCESSES ON SOIL PROPERTIES." American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 3, no. 12 (December 1, 2023): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/volume03issue12-02.

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Today, global climate change, along with drought, the processes of soil degradation are becoming one of the urgent problems for scientists all over the world. In this regard, a number of works are being carried out in Uzbekistan. According to the National Report on the State of Land Resources of the Republic of Uzbekistan, only 10% (4.3 million ha) of the 44.9 million hectares in the Republic are irrigated. About 2 million hectares (45%) of these lands are subject to secondary salinization. There are problems with water erosion on 800,000 hectares and wind erosion on 2 million hectares. The object of the study is dark serozem soil belonging to the region of mountain and sub-mountain soils, formed under complex climate and relief conditions. morphological characteristics of these soils in the profile, changes in some properties of these soils according to different exposures and slopes of the slope, including non-eroded watershed, moderate and strongly eroded transit, and corresponding changes and washing in washed-accumulated horizons information on monitoring processes is given.
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PK, Srivastava, M. Gupta, A. Pandey, V. Pandey, N. Singh, and Tewari SK. "Effects of sodicity induced changes in soil physical properties on paddy root growth." Plant, Soil and Environment 60, No. 4 (April 8, 2014): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/926/2013-pse.

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A study was conducted to investigate the influence of sodicity induced changes in soil physical properties on paddy root growth in the normal agriculture, semi-reclaimed and sodic soils. The root growth (length, length density, biomass and distribution pattern) were unfavourably affected by the soil physical properties (bulk density, soil aggregate stability, available water content, hydraulic conductivity and soil water retention potential) in the case of sodic soil. The microbial biomass carbon, bacterial, fungal population and dehydrogenase activity showed the lower values in the case of sodosol compared to the normal soil. These soil biological properties tend to sustain paddy root growth in normal and semi-reclaimed soils. Principal component analysis revealed that soil physical properties accounted for 98.2% of total variance in root growth. The study revealed that salt stress induces changes in soil physical properties limiting paddy root growth in the salt affected soils. It is important to reclaim sodosols to alleviate salt induced physical stress for optimum paddy root growth.
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Zádorová, T., O. Jakšík, R. Kodešová, and V. Penížek. " Influence of terrain attributes and soil properties on soil aggregate stability." Soil and Water Research 6, No. 3 (September 19, 2011): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/15/2011-swr.

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&nbsp; The study on the relationship between the soil aggregates stability assessed using water stable aggregate (WSA) index and the selected terrain and soil properties was performed on a morphologically diverse study site in Chernozem soil region of Southern Moravia. Soil analyses and detailed digital elevation model processing were the main methods adopted in the study. The soil structure stability is negatively influenced by the soil material removal from the steep parts of the back-slope and re-deposition of the mineral loess material at the base of the slope. The highest aggregates stability was identified in the upper flat parts of the study plot, undisturbed by erosion processes, and at the concave parts of the back-slope with intensive accumulation of organic matter. Statistical analysis showed a significant dependence of aggregates stability on organic carbon content and plan curvature index.
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Petr, Šařec, and Novák Petr. "Changes in soil properties due to the application of activators in conditions of very heavy soils." Research in Agricultural Engineering 63, Special Issue (December 22, 2017): S40—S45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/39/2017-rae.

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This paper deals with verification of the effect of fermented manure (with and without Z'fix activators) and soil activators (PRP Sol) on a soil properties change. Their application should lead to a change in physical, physical-chemical and biological properties of soil, along with ecological material fixation, improved water retention and infiltration, reduction of soil susceptibility to water erosion and decreased soil tillage energy requirements. Field trial was established in Sloveč in Central Bohemia in the year 2014. The experiment was divided into several variants and was designed as multiannual. Z›fix activator was used as a biological transformation activator of manure. PRP Sol was used as a soil activator. In order to verify the effect, soil infiltration, cone index, bulk density and draft of tillage implement were measured. Measurements have shown a beneficial effect of the activators with regard to the decomposition of organic matter. Consequently, changes in soil properties and a reduction of draft at tillage operations developed. Finally, the effect should evolve gradually with a prolonged activator treatment.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Soil properties"

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TOUFIGH, MOHAMMAD MOHSEN. "BEHAVIOR OF UNSATURATED SOIL AND ITS INFLUENCE ON SOIL - SOIL INTERACTION AT AN INTERFACE." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184224.

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The interface failure between caps and natural soil in trenches containing buried low level nuclear waste material was investigated in this study. The Casa Grande Highway Farm (CGHF) soil was used for the entire investigation. This soil is described as being a silty sand with approximately 23% by weight passing sieve No. 200. Other preliminary testing was performed on the same soil. Isotropically consolidated drained (CID) tests were performed on the laboratory compacted samples at different degree of saturation including fully saturated specimens. Suction pressure was measured in the laboratory by adopting pressure plate extractor and compared with determined effective suction in triaxial testing. A generalized failure equation, in term of strength parameters and suction pressure, was defined for all degrees of saturation. The consideration of unsaturated soil sets the current modified model apart from previous bounding surface which only allows use of fully saturated cohesive soil. The saturated material constants associated with the model are identified. These new constants are obtained from a generalized failure equation. The model was then verified by comparing predictions with other laboratory tests which are not used in the calibration. Generally a good agreement between the model and test results was found for stress-strain, stress path and volumetric strain response at different degrees of saturation. Extensive interface tests were performed in the conventional direct shear machine with some modification. Similar to trench cap soil and natural soil in the field, the test specimens were prepared at different degrees of saturation and density (compaction effort). Comparisons were made for the effects of magnitude of normal load, degree of saturation, density, compaction effort, moisture migration and dissimilar bodies density. An interface element and the modified bounding surface model and elasticity model was used in a finite element program to predict the interface response for the laboratory results and actual field problems. Material parameters related to the interface were identified and good predictions were observed for the interface behavior.
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Franks, Carol Dawn. "Temperature, moisture and albedo properties of Arizona soils." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1985_263_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Menefee, Dorothy. "Anthropogenic influences on soil microbial properties." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32657.

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Master of Science
Department of Agronomy
Ganga M. Hettiarachchi
Human activities have the potential to alter soil biochemical properties in a number of different ways. This thesis will focus on how agricultural practices (tillage and cropping system), climate change, and urban soil pollution (primarily lead and arsenic) affect soil biochemical properties. Two incubation studies were conducted to determine how human activities influence soil biochemical properties. The first study focused on how altered temperature and moisture regimes affected soil properties from four different agroecosystems. Four different soils were incubated under two different soil preparation methods (sieved <4mm and <0.25 mm), three different temperature treatments (12, 24, and 36°C), and two different moisture treatments (field capacity and 80% of field capacity) for 180 days. Destructive samples were taken at 7, 30, 60, 120, and 180 days and the soil microbial community was analyzed using phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA). The second study investigated how soil amendment treatments (Mushroom Compost and Composted Biosolids) of an industrially contaminated site affected the biochemical properties of that soil. Surface soil samples collected 435 days after compost addition from urban garden test plots located adjacent to a former rail yard in Monon, Indiana. Soils were incubated for 30 days to stimulate microbial activity. Following incubation, the soil was analyzed for PLFA, soil enzymes, and available metal fractions. In the first study the greatest differences were found between the <4mm and the <0.25 mm size fractions – which highlights the effect of soil aggregation and structure on microbial populations. After aggregation effects, temperature treatment had the next largest effect on microbial populations, with the greatest biomass in the middle (24°C) treatment. The second study assessed different soil amendments on soil microbial properties and metal availability. Composted biosolids reduced metal availability and increased microbial enzyme activity and biomass.
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Young, Fred J. "Spatial variability of soil properties within a loess-covered, upland landscape /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9823319.

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Whitacre, Shane D. "Soil Controls on Arsenic Bioaccessibility: Arsenic Fractions and Soil Properties." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1244036619.

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Young, Iain McEwing. "Soil strength and hard-setting behaviour of some structurally unstable British soils." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1987. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU010498.

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A study was made of the physical properties of a number of structurally sensitive soils some of which exhibited behaviour characteristic of hard-setting soils (soils which when wet slump and set hard, on drying presenting problems in terms of ease of cultivations and root growth). Work concentrated on an examination of soils of the Wick series at two sites at the Institute of Horticultural Research, Wellesbourne, where there is a documented history of consistent differences in crop yields between sites. The worse site (Big Ground) had been intensively managed for considerably longer than the better one (Plum Orchard). Dry bulk density measurements over the growing season suggest that slumping occurred on both sites. Big Ground had the greatest bulk density (typically over 1.65 g/cm3). Field and laboratory penetrometer measurements have shown that under relatively dry (an 8% moisture content) conditions roots would experience severe mechanical impedence on both sites. Root counts at final harvest showed that conditions for rooting were considerably worse in Big Ground where all roots were confined to the top 30 cm. Root growth was better in Plum Orchard and was concentrated in between peds, which did not exist at Big Ground. Laboratory strength (unconfined compressive and indirect tensile) and friability measurements on equilibrated samples also showed up differences between the two sites; the greates differences existing between 1 and 10 bar tension with Big Ground samples exhibiting the greatest strengths and least friabilities. On both sites strengths were observed to increase sharply for a comparatively small decrease in moisture content. Implications of these results are discussed with reference to ease of cultivation and rootability. Another light texured soil from Elgin, known for its tendency to erode, was chosen as a contrast to the Wellesbourne sites. Soil at this site was shown to have much less of a tendency to slump and to create problems for root growth, compared to the Wellesbourne sites. The Elgin soil was also considerably weaker, and the sharp increase in strength observed at Wellesbourne was not observed in Elgin. A new test for water suspendable solids, performed on the Wellesbourne and Elgin soils as well as on 5 other soils known for their structural instability showed that, with the exception of the Elgin soil, a large amount of silt sized material could be brought into suspension with little soild disturbance. An explanation for hard-setting behaviour which is based on those results is suggested.
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GALAGODA, HERATH MAHINDA. "NONLINEAR ANALYSIS OF POROUS SOIL MEDIA AND APPLICATION (PORE PRESSURE, TIME INTEGRATION, FINITE ELEMENTS)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183913.

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The behavior of porous media subjected to any arbitrary loading is a complex phenomenon due to the coupled nature of the problem. Proper understanding of this coupled behavior is essential in dealing with many of the geotechnical engineering problems. A very general three-dimensional formulation of such a coupled problem was first reported by Biot; however, a two-dimensional idealization of the theory is used here with extension to nonlinear material behavior. A finite element computer code is developed to analyze the response of coupled systems subjected to both static and dynamic excitations. The code can also be used to solve problems involving only solid media by suppressing the presence of fluid. The generalized anisotropic hardening model is implemented into the finite element procedure to characterize nonlinear material behavior throughout the realm of its deformation process. Both drained and undrained conditions are considered in order to verify the performance of the model in capturing material behavior. Three different materials are considered for this purpose. The predictions obtained using the anisotropic model for both drained and undrained condition yield satisfactory comparison with observed behavior. The finite element procedure is verified by solving several problems involving undrained, consolidation and dynamic responses of coupled system. Good agreements are found between numerical and analytical results. Further verification of the computer code and the material model is performed by solving two boundary value problems. For this purpose, a laboratory pressuremeter test subjected to quasi-static loading condition and a building foundation system subjected to rapid earthquake excitation were analyzed. The results of this research have provided an improved understanding of coupled behavior of porous media. The procedure developed here can be effectively used under a wide range of loading conditions varying from very slow quasi-static to very rapid earthquake excitations.
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Pengthamkeerati, Patthra. "Soil physical and microbiological properties affected by soil compaction, organic amendments and cropping in a claypan soil /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3164537.

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Stinghen, Geovanne Silva. "Assessment of nitrogen efficiency in maize due to soil compaction and changes in soil physical properties /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1422967.

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Whitacre, Shane Dever. "Soil controls on arsenic bioaccessibility arsenic fractions and soil properties /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1244036619.

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Books on the topic "Soil properties"

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Adams, Paul W. Soil compaction on woodland properties. Corvallis, Or: Oregon State University Extension Service, 1991.

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V, Charman P. E., and Murphy B. W, eds. Soils, their properties and management. 3rd ed. South Melbourne, Australia: Oxford University Press, 2007.

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Brady, Nyle C. The nature and properties of soils. London: Prentice Hall International, 1996.

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McGill University. Geotechnical Research Centre., ed. GRC studies on soil properties and soil-water relations. Montreal, Que., Canada: McGill University, Geotechnical Research Centre, 1993.

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Carter, Michael. Correlations of soil properties. London: Pentech, 1991.

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Brady, Nyle C. The nature and properties of soils. New York: Macmillan, 1990.

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Brady, Nyle C. The nature and properties of soils. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson Education, 2007.

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Brady, Nyle C. The nature and properties of soils. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1996.

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Styczen, Merete. Engineering properties of vegetation. [Denmark]: M. Styczen, 1988.

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R, Weil Ray, ed. The nature and properties of soils. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Soil properties"

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Bonifacio, Eleonora, and Asunción Morte. "Soil Properties." In Soil Biology, 57–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40096-4_4.

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Mirsal, Ibrahim A. "Soil properties." In Soil Pollution, 36–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05400-0_3.

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Huete, Alfredo. "Soil Properties." In Encyclopedia of Remote Sensing, 788–91. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36699-9_174.

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De Graff, Jerome V. "Soil Properties." In Selective Neck Dissection for Oral Cancer, 1–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12127-7_269-1.

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Meesenburg, H., R. Brumme, C. Jacobsen, K. J. Meiwes, and J. Eichhorn. "Soil Properties." In Ecological Studies, 33–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b82392_4.

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Verruijt, Arnold. "Soil Properties." In Theory and Applications of Transport in Porous Media, 1–7. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1112-8_1.

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Imamul Huq, S. M., and Jalal Uddin Md. Shoaib. "Soil Properties." In World Soils Book Series, 51–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1128-0_6.

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De Graff, Jerome V. "Soil Properties." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 873–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73568-9_269.

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Vista, Shree Prasad, Krishna Bahadur Karki, Yam Kanta Gaihre, Sonisa Sharma, and Bandhu Raj Baral. "Soil Properties." In The Soils of Nepal, 91–110. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80999-7_8.

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Vista, Shree Prasad, Krishna Bahadur Karki, Yam Kanta Gaihre, Sonisa Sharma, and Bandhu Raj Baral. "Soil Properties." In The Soils of Nepal, 91–110. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80999-7_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Soil properties"

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Drnevich, Vincent P., Carlos E. Zambrano, Sochan Jung, and Julia P. Clarke. "Electrical Conductivity of Soils and Soil Properties." In GeoCongress 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40972(311)40.

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Covar, Andrew P., and Robert L. Lytton. "Estimating Soil Swelling Behavior Using Soil Classification Properties." In Shallow Foundation and Soil Properties Committee Sessions at ASCE Civil Engineering Conference 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40592(270)3.

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Farrag, Khalid A. "External Corrosion Growth-Rate From Soil Properties." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31416.

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External corrosion growth rate is an essential parameter to establish the time interval between successive pipe integrity evaluations. Actual corrosion rates are difficult to measure or predict. NACE Standard RP0502 [1] recommends several methods including comparison with historical data, buried coupons, electrical resistance (ER), and Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR) measurements. This paper presents a testing program and procedure to validate the use of the LPR and ER methods to enhance the estimation of corrosion growth rates and improve the selection of reassessment intervals of gas transmission pipelines. Laboratory and field tests were performed using the LPR and ER technologies. The evaluation of soil parameters that affect localized corrosion included its type, moisture content, pH, resistivity, drainage characteristics, chloride and sulfite levels, and soil Redox potential. The results show that the LPR device provides instantaneous measurement of corrosion potential and it may be used to reflect the variations of corrosion rates with the changes of soil conditions, moisture, and temperature. However, LPR measurements are more efficient in saturated soils with uncertainty about its validity in partially and totally dry soils. Consequently, seasonal changes in soil conditions make it difficult to estimate total corrosion growth rate. On the other hand, the measurements using the ER method provided consistent estimates for long-term corrosion growth rates. Corrosion growth rates were also evaluated from a previous study by the National Institute of Standards (NIST) [2]. A procedure was developed to correlate soil properties to corrosion rates from the ER measurements and NIST data. The procedure was implemented in a computer program to provide an estimate of corrosion rate based on the soil input data and allows the operator to use the ER probes to improve the reliability of corrosion rate estimates.
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Elliot, William J., and Dennis C. Flanagan. "Estimating WEPP Cropland Soil Erodibility from Soil Properties." In Soil Erosion Research Under a Changing Climate, January 8-13, 2023, Aguadilla, Puerto Rico, USA. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/soil.2023010.

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Elliot, William J., and Dennis C. Flanagan. "Estimating WEPP Cropland Soil Erodibility from Soil Properties." In Soil Erosion Research Under a Changing Climate, January 8-13, 2023, Aguadilla, Puerto Rico, USA. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/soil.23010.

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Mattikalli, Nandish M., Edwin T. Engman, Laj Ahuja, and Thomas J. Jackson. "Estimating soil properties from microwave measurements of soil moisture." In Satellite Remote Sensing II, edited by Edwin T. Engman, Gerard Guyot, and Carlo M. Marino. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.227172.

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Hendrickx, Jan M. H., J. Bruce J. Harrison, Remke L. van Dam, Brian Borchers, David I. Norman, Christian D. Dedzoe, B. O. Antwi, et al. "Magnetic soil properties in Ghana." In Defense and Security, edited by Russell S. Harmon, J. Thomas Broach, and John H. Holloway, Jr. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.603416.

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Zhao, Honghua, and Louis Ge. "Dynamic Properties of Transparent Soil." In Geo-Denver 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40904(223)14.

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Huang, Yi, Michael T. Fang, Van T. Nguyen, and Asger Eriksen. "Dielectric properties of contaminated soil." In SPIE's International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, edited by Cam Nguyen. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.365694.

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Al-Obaidi, Ahmed, Mahmoud Mahmoud, Rizgar Hummadi, and Dunya Thieban. "Engineering Properties of Soil Immersed in Heavy Fuel Oil Waste." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARCHITECTURAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING 2020. Cihan University-Erbil, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/aces2020/paper.289.

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The power production industries often use gas turbines running on diesel oil, crude oil, or heavy fuel oil (HFO); the use of HFO in the gas power plants needs a sequence of treating processes in a particular treating unit. The HFO processes for treating produce large quantities of the wastewater due to the different treatment stages that, in most, are physical, and the resulted wastewater is called the HFO Waste. The common disposal method that majorly used in getting rid of the HFO waste is the ground pits or pools (directly on the natural soil surface) that work as large reservoirs to keep the large quantities of the outcome HFO Waste in order to re-consuming it for another utility or as a permanent disposing method. In this research, an extensive laboratory testing program was carried out to determine the effects of HFO waste on some of the geotechnical properties of different gypsum soils (slightly, moderately, and highly gypseous soil). The samples were extruded from different positions around the pool area at the Baiji Power Plant site and at different depths (1.0-3.0 m). The testing program includes basic soil properties, direct shear, compressibility, and collapsibility on natural and polluted soil samples at the same densities. The polluted samples were chosen at different saturation levels (10, 50, and 100) % respectively. The results showed an increase in the internal friction angle to its maximum value at a low degree of waste saturation, then going down, the cohesion is zero or negligible. Polluted soil had a compression index less than the compression index for non-polluted soil. The collapse potential for HFO waste flooded soils is higher than that of soils flooded with water.
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Reports on the topic "Soil properties"

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Gantzer, Clark J., Shmuel Assouline, and Stephen H. Anderson. Synchrotron CMT-measured soil physical properties influenced by soil compaction. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587242.bard.

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Methods to quantify soil conditions of pore connectivity, tortuosity, and pore size as altered by compaction were done. Air-dry soil cores were scanned at the GeoSoilEnviroCARS sector at the Advanced Photon Source for x-ray computed microtomography of the Argonne facility. Data was collected on the APS bending magnet Sector 13. Soil sample cores 5- by 5-mm were studied. Skeletonization algorithms in the 3DMA-Rock software of Lindquist et al. were used to extract pore structure. We have numerically investigated the spatial distribution for 6 geometrical characteristics of the pore structure of repacked Hamra soil from three-dimensional synchrotron computed microtomography (CMT) computed tomographic images. We analyzed images representing cores volumes 58.3 mm³ having average porosities of 0.44, 0.35, and 0.33. Cores were packed with < 2mm and < 0.5mm sieved soil. The core samples were imaged at 9.61-mm resolution. Spatial distributions for pore path length and coordination number, pore throat size and nodal pore volume obtained. The spatial distributions were computed using a three-dimensional medial axis analysis of the void space in the image. We used a newly developed aggressive throat computation to find throat and pore partitioning for needed for higher porosity media such as soil. Results show that the coordination number distribution measured from the medial axis were reasonably fit by an exponential relation P(C)=10⁻C/C0. Data for the characteristic area, were also reasonably well fit by the relation P(A)=10⁻ᴬ/ᴬ0. Results indicates that compression preferentially affects the largest pores, reducing them in size. When compaction reduced porosity from 44% to 33%, the average pore volume reduced by 30%, and the average pore-throat area reduced by 26%. Compaction increased the shortest paths interface tortuosity by about 2%. Soil structure alterations induced by compaction using quantitative morphology show that the resolution is sufficient to discriminate soil cores. This study shows that analysis of CMT can provide information to assist in assessment of soil management to ameliorate soil compaction.
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Zhang, Renduo, and David Russo. Scale-dependency and spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7587220.bard.

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Water resources assessment and protection requires quantitative descriptions of field-scale water flow and contaminant transport through the subsurface, which, in turn, require reliable information about soil hydraulic properties. However, much is still unknown concerning hydraulic properties and flow behavior in heterogeneous soils. Especially, relationships of hydraulic properties changing with measured scales are poorly understood. Soil hydraulic properties are usually measured at a small scale and used for quantifying flow and transport in large scales, which causes misleading results. Therefore, determination of scale-dependent and spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties provides the essential information for quantifying water flow and chemical transport through the subsurface, which are the key processes for detection of potential agricultural/industrial contaminants, reduction of agricultural chemical movement, improvement of soil and water quality, and increase of agricultural productivity. The original research objectives of this project were: 1. to measure soil hydraulic properties at different locations and different scales at large fields; 2. to develop scale-dependent relationships of soil hydraulic properties; and 3. to determine spatial variability and heterogeneity of soil hydraulic properties as a function of measurement scales. The US investigators conducted field and lab experiments to measure soil hydraulic properties at different locations and different scales. Based on the field and lab experiments, a well-structured database of soil physical and hydraulic properties was developed. The database was used to study scale-dependency, spatial variability, and heterogeneity of soil hydraulic properties. An improved method was developed for calculating hydraulic properties based on infiltration data from the disc infiltrometer. Compared with the other methods, the proposed method provided more accurate and stable estimations of the hydraulic conductivity and macroscopic capillary length, using infiltration data collected atshort experiment periods. We also developed scale-dependent relationships of soil hydraulic properties using the fractal and geostatistical characterization. The research effort of the Israeli research team concentrates on tasks along the second objective. The main accomplishment of this effort is that we succeed to derive first-order, upscaled (block effective) conductivity tensor, K'ᵢⱼ, and time-dependent dispersion tensor, D'ᵢⱼ, i,j=1,2,3, for steady-state flow in three-dimensional, partially saturated, heterogeneous formations, for length-scales comparable with those of the formation heterogeneity. Numerical simulations designed to test the applicability of the upscaling methodology to more general situations involving complex, transient flow regimes originating from periodic rain/irrigation events and water uptake by plant roots suggested that even in this complicated case, the upscaling methodology essentially compensated for the loss of sub-grid-scale variations of the velocity field caused by coarse discretization of the flow domain. These results have significant implications with respect to the development of field-scale solute transport models capable of simulating complex real-world scenarios in the subsurface, and, in turn, are essential for the assessment of the threat posed by contamination from agricultural and/or industrial sources.
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Bar-Tal, Asher, Paul R. Bloom, Pinchas Fine, C. Edward Clapp, Aviva Hadas, Rodney T. Venterea, Dan Zohar, Dong Chen, and Jean-Alex Molina. Effects of soil properties and organic residues management on C sequestration and N losses. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7587729.bard.

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Objectives - The overall objective of this proposal was to explore the effects of soil properties and management practices on C sequestration in soils and off-site losses of N.The specific objectives were: 1. to investigate and to quantify the effects of soil properties on C transformations that follow OW decomposition, C losses by gaseous emission, and its sequestration by organic and mineral components of the soil; 2. to investigate and to quantify the effects of soil properties on organic N mineralization and transformations in soil, its losses by leaching and gaseous emission; 3. to investigate and to quantify the effects of management practices and plants root activity and decomposition on C and N transformations; and 4. to upgrade the models NCSOIL and NCSWAP to include inorganic C and root exudation dynamics. The last objective has not been fulfilled due to difficulties in experimentally quantification of the effects of soil inorganic component on root exudation dynamics. Objective 4 was modified to explore the ability of NCSOIL to simulate organic matter decomposition and N transformations in non- and calcareous soils. Background - Rates of decomposition of organic plant residues or organic manures in soil determine the amount of carbon (C), which is mineralized and released as CO₂ versus the amount of C that is retained in soil organic matter (SOM). Decomposition rates also greatly influence the amount of nitrogen (N) which becomes available for plant uptake, is leached from the soil or lost as gaseous emission, versus that which is retained in SOM. Microbial decomposition of residues in soil is strongly influenced by soil management as well as soil chemical and physical properties and also by plant roots via the processes of mineral N uptake, respiration, exudation and decay.
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Jarvis, Stacey, Thomas Douglas, Karen Foley, Robert Jones, John Anderson, Stephen Newman, and Robyn Bartaro. Spectral assessment of soil properties : standoff quantification of soil organic matter content in surface mineral soils and Alaskan peat. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/22904.

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Snyder, Victor A., Dani Or, Amos Hadas, and S. Assouline. Characterization of Post-Tillage Soil Fragmentation and Rejoining Affecting Soil Pore Space Evolution and Transport Properties. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580670.bard.

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Tillage modifies soil structure, altering conditions for plant growth and transport processes through the soil. However, the resulting loose structure is unstable and susceptible to collapse due to aggregate fragmentation during wetting and drying cycles, and coalescense of moist aggregates by internal capillary forces and external compactive stresses. Presently, limited understanding of these complex processes often leads to consideration of the soil plow layer as a static porous medium. With the purpose of filling some of this knowledge gap, the objectives of this Project were to: 1) Identify and quantify the major factors causing breakdown of primary soil fragments produced by tillage into smaller secondary fragments; 2) Identify and quantify the. physical processes involved in the coalescence of primary and secondary fragments and surfaces of weakness; 3) Measure temporal changes in pore-size distributions and hydraulic properties of reconstructed aggregate beds as a function of specified initial conditions and wetting/drying events; and 4) Construct a process-based model of post-tillage changes in soil structural and hydraulic properties of the plow layer and validate it against field experiments. A dynamic theory of capillary-driven plastic deformation of adjoining aggregates was developed, where instantaneous rate of change in geometry of aggregates and inter-aggregate pores was related to current geometry of the solid-gas-liquid system and measured soil rheological functions. The theory and supporting data showed that consolidation of aggregate beds is largely an event-driven process, restricted to a fairly narrow range of soil water contents where capillary suction is great enough to generate coalescence but where soil mechanical strength is still low enough to allow plastic deforn1ation of aggregates. The theory was also used to explain effects of transient external loading on compaction of aggregate beds. A stochastic forInalism was developed for modeling soil pore space evolution, based on the Fokker Planck equation (FPE). Analytical solutions for the FPE were developed, with parameters which can be measured empirically or related to the mechanistic aggregate deformation model. Pre-existing results from field experiments were used to illustrate how the FPE formalism can be applied to field data. Fragmentation of soil clods after tillage was observed to be an event-driven (as opposed to continuous) process that occurred only during wetting, and only as clods approached the saturation point. The major mechanism of fragmentation of large aggregates seemed to be differential soil swelling behind the wetting front. Aggregate "explosion" due to air entrapment seemed limited to small aggregates wetted simultaneously over their entire surface. Breakdown of large aggregates from 11 clay soils during successive wetting and drying cycles produced fragment size distributions which differed primarily by a scale factor l (essentially equivalent to the Van Bavel mean weight diameter), so that evolution of fragment size distributions could be modeled in terms of changes in l. For a given number of wetting and drying cycles, l decreased systematically with increasing plasticity index. When air-dry soil clods were slightly weakened by a single wetting event, and then allowed to "age" for six weeks at constant high water content, drop-shatter resistance in aged relative to non-aged clods was found to increase in proportion to plasticity index. This seemed consistent with the rheological model, which predicts faster plastic coalescence around small voids and sharp cracks (with resulting soil strengthening) in soils with low resistance to plastic yield and flow. A new theory of crack growth in "idealized" elastoplastic materials was formulated, with potential application to soil fracture phenomena. The theory was preliminarily (and successfully) tested using carbon steel, a ductile material which closely approximates ideal elastoplastic behavior, and for which the necessary fracture data existed in the literature.
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Borchers, Brian, and Remke Van Dam. Conceptual Model for Prediction of Magnetic Soil Properties. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada443302.

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Niemann, Jeffrey D. Scaling Properties and Spatial Interpolation of Soil Moisture. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada426497.

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Patitz, W. E., B. C. Brock, and E. G. Powell. Measurement of dielectric and magnetic properties of soil. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/167219.

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Busby, Ryan, H. Torbert, and Stephen Prior. Soil and vegetation responses to amendment with pulverized classified paper waste. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44202.

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The United States Army produces a significant amount of classified paper waste that is pulverized to a fine consistency unsuitable for recycling. However, cheap, high quality organic materials such as classified paper waste are useful as soil amendments. The objective of this research was to evaluate the utilization of pulverized classified paper waste as a soil amendment to improve soil health and increase establishment of desirable native grasses on degraded Army training lands. Paper was applied at rates of 9 to 72 Mg ha⁻¹ to two soil types at Fort Polk, LA: an alfisol (very fine sandy loam - Fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Vertic Hapludalfs) and an ultisol (loamy fine sandy - Loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Arenic Paleudults). These are common soil orders found on military training lands nationwide and represent fertile (alfisol) and unfertile (ulitsol) soils. Vegetation and soils were monitored over 2 growing seasons. No increase in heavy metals were observed in soils. Extensive analysis showed very low levels of regulated contaminants in the paper, but most were below detection limits. The ultisol site showed improved soil physical and chemical properties, while desirable vegetation benefitted from nutrient immobilization at the alfisol site. Based on the results of this study, applying pulverized paper waste to soil at a rate of 35.9 Mg ha⁻¹ is recommended. Application of paper waste to soils had no adverse environmental effects, improved soil physiochemical properties, and facilitated establishment of desirable native vegetation.
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Lui, Rui, Cheng Zhu, John Schmalzel, Daniel Offenbacker, Yusuf Mehta, Benjamin Barrowes, Danney Glaser, and Wade Lein. Experimental and numerical analyses of soil electrical resistivity under subfreezing conditions. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48430.

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The engineering behavior of frozen soils is critical to the serviceability of civil infrastructure in cold regions. Among various geophysical techniques, electrical resistivity imaging is a promising technique that is cost effective and provides spatially continuous subsurface information. In this study, under freeze–thaw conditions, we carry out lab–scale 1D electrical resistivity measurements on frost–susceptible soils with varying water content and bulk density properties. We use a portable electrical resistivity meter for temporal electrical resistivity measurements and thermocouples for temperature monitoring. Dynamic temperature-dependent soil properties, most notably unfrozen water content, exert significant influences on the observed electrical resistivity. Below 0 °C, soil resistivity increases with the decreasing temperature. We also observe a hysteresis effect on the evolution of electrical resistivity during the freeze–thaw cycle, which effect we characterize with a sigmoidal model. At the same temperature, electrical resistivity during freezing is consistently lower than that during thawing. We have implemented this sigmoidal model into a COMSOL finite element model at both laboratory and field scales which enables the simulation of soil electrical resistivity response under both short–term and long–term sub–freezing conditions. Atmospheric temperature variations induce soil temperature change, and thereby phase transition and electrical resistivity change, with the rate of change being a function of the depth of investigation and soil properties include initial water content and initial temperature. This study advances the fundamental understanding of the electrical behaviors of frozen soils and enhance the application of electrical geophysical investigations in cold regions.
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