Journal articles: 'Soil pollution'

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Park, Jong Duk. "Soil Pollution." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 41, no. 10 (1998): 1032. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.1998.41.10.1032.

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Grafkina, M. V., A. V. Pitryuk, and E. V. Goryacheva. "Soil pollution by heavy metals." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1229, no. 1 (August 1, 2023): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1229/1/012005.

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Abstract An increase in the content of heavy metals in soils is an environmental threat to agriculture, as it is associated with the accumulation of toxicants in plants, which negatively affects the quality of crop production and poses a danger to human health. Each region has its own specifics, expressed by the types of pollution and trends in their changes. The article presents data on the analysis and evaluation of the categories of Primorsky Krai lands for their intended purpose, the problem of soil pollution with heavy metals is considered. On the basis of open data, the levels of soil pollution by territorial formations were determined, the main sources of heavy metal pollution were identified, unsatisfactory soil samples that did not meet hygienic standards for the content of heavy metals for ten years were analyzed, and the trend of their change was revealed. The main types of pollution, the boundaries of the spread of pollution and the differences in the presence of heavy metals such as lead, copper, nickel, zinc and manganese in the soils of territorial formations of the region are revealed. Recommendations are formulated to reduce the technogenic negative impact of industry, which will reduce the content of heavy metals in soils. Proposals have also been made to improve the monitoring system for the content of heavy metals in the soil to obtain more complete information.

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Tomáš, J., J. Čéry, S. Melicháčová, J. Árvay, and P. Lazor. "Monitoring of Risky Elements in Zone of Pollution Strážske Area." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 27, Special Issue 1 (June 24, 2009): S397—S400. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/598-cjfs.

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The work aimed to evaluate the state of agricultural soil contamination what is important for the gaining of information needed for growing of hygienic safe raw materials and foodstuffs. Metallic pollution of soil in Zemplínska polluted area has begins by accumulation of heavy metals in soil, mainly resulting from location in vicinity of chemical and industrial factories, as well as from many others sources. The pH value development indicates gradual trend of soils acidification, except of alkalic ones reaching up to 20% from total arable soils in Slovakia. Acidification is process, where acidity of abiotic compounds has been increased. Soil reaction is a significant agrochemical property markedly affecting growing and developing of plants, and has directly effect on soil fertility, influencing the ecological conditions for plants and soil microorganisms. The site had been localised with GPS and 5 sampling places had been fixed. From these sites the soil samples were taken from 1 depth, A horizon (0–0,2 m) and then processed and managed according to particular ISO norms. The soil reaction and the heavy metals contents in solution of aqua regia and HNO3 in soil samples were assessed. Afterwards the gained results had been compared with limit values from legislative documents.

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C.M, Didiugwu, and Chukwura E.I. "Crude oil pollution effect on agricultural soil properties and germination of bean (Vigna unguiculata(/i) L.) seed." Biological and Environmental Sciences Journal for the Tropics 20, no. 3 (January 17, 2024): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bestj.v20i3.5.

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Crude oil pollution affects not only soil properties but also seed germination. The aim of thisresearch is to checkmate the effect crude oil pollution has on soil fertility, seed germinationand microbial activity. Two different agricultural soils from Ibeno and Otuocha collected bycomposite sampling were used to conduct the study. The crude oil for carrying out the research was sterilized with a micron Chromafil CA/S % 45 syringe filters. The physicochemical analysis of the soil and its microbiological enumeration was done. This was followed by the artificial pollution of the soil with fresh crude oil. Soil’s physicochemical properties and microbiological enumeration were analyzed followed by the planting of bean seed son the polluted soil. Unpolluted soils was also planted and served as the control. The artificial pollution of the soils’ increased physicochemical properties like cation exchange capacity, selenium, mercury, arsenic, carbon and phosphorus in both soil. Some physicochemical properties like electrical conductivity, salinity, vanadium, zinc, cadmium, iron, manganese, copper, cobalt, nickel and nitrogen decreased in both soils. Water permeability was positive and became negative after pollution. Soil texture was bound and became loose after pollution. Other soil properties like pH increased in Ibeno soil but decreased in Otuocha soil. The number of microorganisms decreases after pollution. Statistically, cultivated beans germinated faster on unpolluted soil and appear healthier than polluted soil because of slow germination and a wrinkled appearance. This study shows that crude oil pollution has a significant effect on soil fertility, seed germination and microbial activity.

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Chatrath, Harsha. "DESTRUCTION OF RESINOUS COMPOUND FROM WASTE BY USE OF NATURAL ENZYMES." Green Chemistry & Technology Letters 2, no. 4 (December 20, 2016): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/gctl.2016.245.

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In present scenario huge quantity of waste are produced every day. It contains plastics, waste papers, plastic containers, some of these are degradable, and some of these are non-degradable waste.Non-biodegradable things are present in waste treated with mechanical pulverizing mechanisms and with few of strong chemical. Chemicals such as concentrated Hydrochloric, Sulphuric acids, sulphamic acids and many other hazardous chemicals are used for destroying wastes in simple form or in disperse form. Almost 70% of the waste is being dumped in the soil layer. After certain interval of time compounds present in soils such as salts of the metals and temperature of soil help in decomposing the waste periodically. Due to this process large quantity of soil gets contaminated. In this project we have tried to replace hazardous chemicals with other non-hazardous chemicals and some natural enzymes, which may give same reactions as with toxic chemicals. Objectives may also helps in use of eco friendly chemicals for reducing soil pollution and water pollutions. Hence it will minimize the other impacts on environment such as air pollution, noise pollutions, water pollutions and soil pollutions. All process will carry out under Green Chemistry cycles.

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Cai, Zhen, Shaogang Lei, Yibo Zhao, Chuangang Gong, Weizhong Wang, and Changchun Du. "Spatial Distribution and Migration Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Grassland Open-Pit Coal Mine Dump Soil Interface." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (April 7, 2022): 4441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084441.

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The open-pit coal mine dump in the study area contains many low-concentration heavy metal pollutants, which may cause pollution to the soil interface. Firstly, statistical analysis and geostatistical spatial interpolation methods described heavy metal pollution’s spatial distribution. The mine dump heavy metal pollution distribution is strongly random due to disorderly piles, but it is closely related to slope soil erosion. Furthermore, the soil deposition area is where pollutants accumulate. For example, all heavy metal elements converge at the bottom of the dump. Usually, the pollution in the lower part is higher than that in the upper part; the pollution in the lower step is higher than the upper step; the pollution in the soil deposition locations such as flat plate and slope bottom is higher than the soil erosion locations such as slope tip and middle slope. Finally, the hyperspectral remote sensing method described heavy metals pollution’s migration characteristics, that the pollutants could affect the soil interface by at least 1 km. This study provides a basis for preventing and controlling critical parts of mine dump heavy metal pollution and pollution path control.

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Wang, Gang. "Analysis and Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution of Surface Soil in Baicheng City." Applied Mechanics and Materials 260-261 (December 2012): 786–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.260-261.786.

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In the thesis, the pollution condition of heavy metals in the soil is evaluated by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method through testing and analyzing content of heavy metals (As Cd Cr Cu Hg Ni Pb Zn) in 400 sampling points within 400km2 near Baicheng City; and types and sources of pollutions of heavy metals in the soil in Baicheng City are analyzed and studied by factor analysis method. scientific proof for soil improvement and phytoremediation in this area can be provided. It is indicated through the integrated evaluation of the test result that the living quarter, the main road area and the green belt are polluted slightly; the industrial area is polluted moderately. It can be seen through comprehensive analysis that there are three main sources of heavy metal pollutions in the surface soil in Baicheng City: industrial pollution source, traffic pollution source and house pollution source. Therefore, effective measures shall be taken by the local people in the protection of the soil encountered with the various pollution status of the functional areas.

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Lull, Cristina, Antonio Lidón, and María Desamparados Soriano. "Soil Pollution Education: A Broad View of Knowledge on Soil Pollution and Educational Activities for Undergraduate Students." Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research 3, no. 2 (March 25, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2202024.

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Soil pollution is a major challenge for ensuring a healthy environment and for human health. One of the critical points in soil pollution policy is the education and public awareness of the problem caused by soil pollution. Education influences decision-making on soil and water care. It is crucial to spread knowledge to undergraduate and graduate students about the determinantal effects of soil pollution on ecosystems and humans, considering today’s students are tomorrow’s guardians of soil and human health. A course on soil pollution aims to provide students with a foundation of the knowledge and skills required to work in this field. Knowledge of soil and contaminant properties, soil-pollutant interaction processes, transport of pollutants by soil and water, human health and ecological risk assessment, and measures for preventing soil pollution are fundamental for the sustainable management of soil and food safety. Students should be aware of the need to avoid the three types of soil pollution (chemical, radioactive, and biological) in industrial, agricultural, forest, and urban soils. This article provides a broad view of the knowledge taught in subjects related to soil pollution and introduces learning activities for undergraduate students.

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Grundey, J. K. "Avoiding pollution from cattle units." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1986 (March 1986): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600015555.

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Increasing public interest and more anti-pollution legislation sharpen the need to avoid pollution. Soil, water and air are at risk.Apart from plant nutrient considerations, secondary effects of water-logging and oxygen depletion of the soil can occur. Slurry tankers can cause damage to the field surface by rutting. Some tankers exert pressures of 70 psi on the soil and then are often used on wet soils. Such malpractices create extra costs to rectify extra problems created.

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Xu, Songtao, Zhifang Zhou, and Ke Liu. "Multi-Evolutionary Game Research on Heavy Metal Pollution Control in Soil: Based on a Third-Party Perspective." Sustainability 12, no. 13 (June 30, 2020): 5306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135306.

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The introduction of third-party governance models for the treatment of soil heavy metal pollution has promoted the marketization, professionalization, and efficiency of pollution treatment, but also can result in distortions of relevant stakeholder relationships and conflicts of interest. The game relationship among the government, soil-polluting companies, and third-party governance companies may solve the practical dilemma of comprehensive management of soil heavy metal pollution and establish a good cooperative mechanism. We constructed a three-party evolutionary game model to analyze the interaction mechanism of each agent’s strategy choice as well as the evolution of each agent’s strategy choice under different parameter trends and simulation analyses. The research showed that the amount of fines and supervision costs, rent-seeking costs and governance costs, and government subsidies and rent-seeking benefits were key factors affecting the evolution and stability strategies of government departments, soil-polluting companies, and third-party governance companies. By cooperating with third-party governance companies, the government can effectively suppress the improper behavior of soil-polluting companies. The conclusions of the study are helpful to broaden the research boundary of soil heavy metal pollution treatment and provide theoretical guidance for the treatment of soil heavy metal pollution in China.

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Pozniak, Stepan. "Soils in the modern changing world." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 49 (December 30, 2015): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2015.49.8644.

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The most common known about biological and ecological function of soils is their fertility, or in a broader sense – the biological productivity of soil. Despite the very small thickness of soil cover on the Earth, which is just a thin layer on the surface, this layer is the most biologically productive part of the biosphere. It is proved that the most important impact soils provided on human health, especially because of anthropogenic pollution of soils. Particularly one of the most discussed is the problem of anthropogenic pollution of soils in urban areas near major highways, in areas of mining, including oil, gas, non-ferrous metals, building materials, as well as soil pollution by radioactive elements and pesticides. Key words: soils, soil science, soil degradation, soil pathology, healthy of soil.

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Selivanov, Oleg, and Anton Martsev. "School grounds soil contamination with heavy metals and arsenic compounds in the city of Vladimir." E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124401011.

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The article presents the content determining results of heavy metals and arsenic in sod-podzolic soils of the school grounds in Vladimir, Vladimir region. According to the accumulation indicator, the accumulation intensity of heavy metals and arsenic in these areas has been determined, which is decreasing in the series of Pb→As→Cu→Zn→Ni. The calculation of the pollutants hazard coefficient showed that their MPC excess decreases in the series of As→Zn→Pb→Cu→Ni. The soil pollution level has been assessed for the school grounds and their ecological situation has been evaluated applying the cumulative indicator of soil pollution with heavy metals and soil pollution index. The values of the soil pollution cumulative indicator of school territories indicate dangerous and moderately dangerous contamination level of the studied soils, and the calculated values of the soil pollution index refer these soils to the category of “contaminated” soils, which poses potential risks for the schoolchildren health.

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Yuan, Sheng Yuan. "The Soil Magnetic Susceptibility and its Environmental Significance of Garden and Cultivated Land in Xuchang City." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 2649–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.2649.

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Magnetic Susceptibility values of garden soil, agriculture ecosystem park soil and soil in urban-rural ecological transition zone in Xuchang city are smaller than 100×10-8 m3/kg, and the frequency magnetic susceptibility values are more than 3%, such is different from soils influenced by industrial. That above three kinds of soils with slight pollution are effected by different land uses show soil magnetic Susceptibility is a powerful indicator of soil pollution. The result of soil magnetic Susceptibility is higher shows that he pollution threats exist in agriculture ecosystem parks in villages and towns around the city.

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Kobza, J. "Soil and plant pollution by potentially toxic elements in Slovakia." Plant, Soil and Environment 51, No. 6 (November 19, 2011): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3581-pse.

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The Problem of soil and plant pollution by heavy metals in Slovakia is evaluated in this study. The measured data on the main risk elements have been obtained from a soil-monitoring grid in Slovakia, which consists of 318 agricultural sites. Analytical procedures of Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu (extracted by 2 mol/l HNO3 and by 0.05 mol/l EDTA) as well as the total content of the described elements including Hg have been used for soil samples. Also the plants collected at the same sampling sites were analysed for their Cd, Pb, Cr and Hg contents. On the basis of the obtained results it may be concluded that significant pollution was determined only on 0.4% of the total soil cover in Slovakia. The significant correlation was determined between the soil available heavy metal content (extracted by 0.05 mol/l EDTA) and plant content. Potentially toxic elements were accumulated in the plant biomass only on heavily polluted soils

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Hutson, John L. "Soil Productivity and Pollution." Journal of Environmental Quality 21, no. 1 (January 1992): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1992.00472425002100010033x.

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Paz-Ferreiro, Jorge, Gabriel Gascó, Ana Méndez, and Suzie Reichman. "Soil Pollution and Remediation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 8 (August 5, 2018): 1657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081657.

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Yang, H., X. Huang, J. R. Thompson, and R. J. Flower. "Soil Pollution: Urban Brownfields." Science 344, no. 6185 (May 15, 2014): 691–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.344.6185.691-b.

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Bech, Jaume, Elena Korobova, Manuela Abreu, Claudio Bini, Hyo-Taek Chon, and Cármen Pérez-Sirvent. "Soil Pollution and Reclamation." Journal of Geochemical Exploration 147 (December 2014): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2014.11.001.

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Janipour, Somayyeh. "Soil Pollution and Ways to prevent it in the Management of Urban Space." Journal of Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 5, no. 01 (September 13, 2019): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jrset.vol5iss01pp9-13.

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Soil pollution is one of the types of environmental pollution. Soils are as cathartic in nature. In addition to being suppliers of food, it has also refined property. This property can be obtained due to their physical properties, chemical properties and biological properties. One of the major concerns of today's agriculture is soil contaminated with pollutants harmful to human. Soil pollution is as a major environmental problem in the known world. Various sources of pollution such as agricultural pollution, oil pollution, heavy metals, industrial wastes and so reduce the quality of the soil, spread in groundwater levels and the incidence of other environmental problems. However, the lack of proper management of organic waste can lead to the increase of concentration of salts, heavy metals, pathogenic microorganisms, soil pollution, water pollution, agricultural products, fish etc.

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Sahana, Atreyee. "Soil Pollution vs. Soil Collembola as a Bioindicator: A review." Journal of Science 2, no. 5 (January 10, 2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47944/jos2.5.2018.1.

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Soil is the foundation of all life activities in terrestrial ecosystems. Soil micro arthropod groups (less than 2 mm in size) like Acari and Collembola comprise more than 90% of arthropod fauna in most soil types. They majorly help in soil formation by breaking up the organic matter and mixing it up with inorganic mineral components. Among them, various species of Collembola have been proved to be effective bioindicator tool to measure soil health either it is polluted or not by its several characteristics in temperate countries. Therefore, in today’s world where pollution in soil by various agents is a baffling issue like other environmental pollutions, these natural soil inhabitants can make a hope to measure the natural health of soil.

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Leah, Tamara. "Assessment of Microelements Soil Pollution with Ecological Indicators." Chemistry Journal of Moldova 7, no. 1 (June 2012): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2012.07(1).06.

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Trace elements soil pollution leads to degradation of structure and aggregates stability which promotes the soil erosion and compaction. For more efficient management of the results on the content of trace elements in eroded soils is used the ecological indicators for characterization the accumulation in genetic horizons. The data confirms the soil pollution by erosion, the losses of humus, carbonates, and trace elements in arable carbonatic chernozems of catena. The humus losses in eroded soils consists 52%, the trace elements - 33-35%.

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Sueoka, Y., M. Sakakibara, S. Sano, and K. Sera. "Heavy metal accumulation and the practical application of lichens as bioindicators for heavy metal pollution in surface soil." International Journal of PIXE 26, no. 03n04 (January 2016): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083517500024.

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Levels of trace element pollution in surface soil have been estimated using soil analyses and leaching tests. These methods may reveal different results due to the effect of soil properties on the elemental availability. Therefore, this study advocates an alternative method for monitoring and assessment of trace element pollution in surface soil using terricolous fruticose lichens. Lichens and their substrata were analyzed using particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and XRF to clarify the relationships between Cu, Zn, As and Pb concentrations in lichens and soils, including their absorption properties. Concentrations of these elements in the lichens were positively correlated with those in the soils regardless of lichen species, location, habitat, or conditions of soils. The analyzed lichens had neither competitive nor antagonistic properties in their elemental absorption, which made them good bioindicators of trace element pollution in surface soil. The distribution maps of average Cu, Zn, As and Pb concentrations at each sampling region was detected at almost all of the Cu, Zn and As pollution of the soils. Therefore, lichens could be used in practical applications to monitor Cu, Zn and As pollution in surface soils.

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Vácha, Radim. "Heavy Metal Pollution and Its Effects on Agriculture." Agronomy 11, no. 9 (August 28, 2021): 1719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091719.

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Mangkoedihardjo, Sarwoko, and Harida Samudro. "Preventive remediation methods minimize soil pollution." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v12.i1.pp60-65.

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Soil quality is rich in various substances, as well as a rich variety of uses for life, which leads to the potential for pollution. Once soils are polluted, remediation is mitigative and must be carried out, which has been the focus of many studies so far. However, preventive remediation is the focus of the novelty of this study, which aims to prepare predictive methods. This is a literature review of various studies over the last ten years, which are related to soil quality indicators through the respiration process. Based on the soil microbial respiration process platform, which contains various substances, the results of this study found three preventive remediation methods, namely indicators of substance reactants, gas products, and toxicity to microbes. The three methods simply require measuring the parameters of biochemical oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand, in addition to specific measurements of carbon dioxide and microbial enumeration. The advantage of the preventive remediation method is the application of soil response indicators to various types and amounts of contaminants. The implementation of preventive remediation is prior to building infrastructure, which is able to predict changes in soil quality through monitoring, thereby minimizing the potential for mitigative remediation.

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Nizamutdinov, Timur, Azamat Suleymanov, Evgenia Morgun, Natalia Dinkelaker, and Evgeny Abakumov. "Ecotoxicological Analysis of Fallow Soils at the Yamal Experimental Agricultural Station." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 52, no. 2 (July 6, 2022): 350–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2022-2-2369.

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The agricultural use of soils is limited by their contamination with various compounds and low contents of nutrients. We aimed to study the unique soils of the Yamal Experimental Station to determine their contamination with heavy metals and assess their potential fertility. Established in 1932, the Yamal Experimental Station (Salekhard, Russia) has bred new varieties of vegetable crops in open and protected ground. In August 2021, we made a soil section and 40 pits in a 0–10 cm layer. X-ray fluorescence was used to determine 11 metals and oxides. The qualitative assessment was based on the total soil pollution, soil pollution, and geoaccumulation indexes. Finally, we determined the contents of nutrients. The metals and metal oxides showed regressive-accumulative distribution along the soil profile. The concentrations of all ecotoxicants (except for arsenic) were within the maximum/approximate permissible values. Since arsenic has a high regional background content, its elevated concentrations make the soil suitable for agricultural use if proper quality control is in place. The total soil pollution index classified the level of pollution as “acceptable”. The geoaccumulation index showed the soils as mostly “unpolluted” with metals. The soil pollution index had values below 1, which indicated the absence of pollution. The fallow soils of the Yamal Experimental Station have a high level of potential fertility and are suitable for agricultural reuse according to the soil quality indexes applied. They can also serve as a local geochemical standard that has a long history of agrogenic transformation in cryogenic ecosystems. Taking into account increased concentrations of arsenic, we recommend primary quality control of agricultural products to identify its possible migration in the soil-plant system.

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Yi, Qin, and Cheng Huang. "Review of heavy metal pollution by mining." E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 04028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911804028.

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Heavy metal pollution in soil is an unavoidable problem along with mining activities. This paper has reviewed the current research status of heavy metal pollution in mine soils in five aspects. They are evaluation methods of heavy metal pollution, migration activities of heavy metals in soil, migration mechanism, spatial distribution model and development trend of mine pollution research.

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Yu, Ke, Fu Zhen Zhang, Yong Hui Bo, and Jie Liu. "Summary of Study on Technology to Soil Sulfur Pollution Remediation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 5399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.5399.

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With the strengthening of human activities, more and more sulfur had entered soil system. The sulfur pollution of soil had threaten environment and human health. This paper reviews the status, sources and danger of sulfur pollution soils, and the physical-chemical remediation and bioremediation technology are also discussed. In addition, the future study on remediation technology for sulfur pollution soils was prospected.

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Khudhur, Shelan Mustafa, and Nashmeel Saeed Khudhur. "Soil Pollution Assessment from Industrial Area of Erbil City." Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A 17, no. 4 (June 25, 2015): 227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10440.

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Bieganowski, Andrzej, Grzegorz Józefaciuk, Lidia Bandura, Łukasz Guz, Grzegorz Łagód, and Wojciech Franus. "Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Soil Pollution Using E-Nose." Sensors 18, no. 8 (July 30, 2018): 2463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18082463.

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The possibility of detecting low levels of soil pollution by petroleum fuel using an electronic nose (e-nose) was studied. An attempt to distinguish between pollution caused by petrol and diesel oil, and its relation to the time elapsed since the pollution event was simultaneously performed. Ten arable soils, belonging to various soil groups from the World Reference Base (WRB), were investigated. The measurements were performed on soils that were moistened to field capacity, polluted separately with both hydrocarbons, and then allowed to dry slowly over a period of 180 days. The volatile fingerprints differed throughout the course of the experiment, and, by its end, they were similar to those of the unpolluted soils. Principal component analysis (PCA) and artificial neural network (ANN) analysis showed that the e-nose results could be used to detect soil contamination and distinguish between pollutants and contamination levels.

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Aitimova, Aynazhan M., Gusman Zh Kenzhetayev, and Vladimir N. Permyakov. "Studying the state of soils in the territory of the Shetpe South chalk deposit." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 3 (July 10, 2019): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2019-3-135-146.

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Investigations were carried out to study the state of the soil in the territory of the Shetpe South chalk deposit and in the area of the Caspian Cement plant in October 2018. 20 soil samples were taken. Samples were taken from a depth of 0–20 cm. The presence of heavy metals in the soil was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry using AAC MGA-915M (Lumex, Russia), their content was compared with background values and with existing maximum allowable concentrations. The total soil pollution indicator or ZC , using the background, was used to study the state of the soil. The indicators of the soil pollution index were calculated to improve the diagnostic performance of the study area. The calculation of the total soil pollution indicator showed that the value of ZC for all sites was from 3,58 to 5,26 units. The soils are characterized as non-hazardous (ZC < 16), and the assessment of the condition of the soil is biased due to taking into account only heavy metals with KC < 1. The soil pollution index calculations showed that the majority of soil samples at sites PP-1, PP-2 and PP-3 have indicators of soil pollution index > 1, which characterizes the soil as "polluted". At site PP-4 (control) the soil pollution index is 0,74, the soils are "clean". Statistical processing in the environment Statistica 10 showed that the Kruskal — Wallis criterion is statistically significant only for Ni and As (p < 0,05) for soil samples at site PP-2 (at the site of transportation of chalk and dumps). Maps were performed using satellite imagery and using of Google Maps, Mapinfo Professionalv. 12.

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Jiang, Bin Hui, Li Jiang, Li Li Fu, Chang Qi Yao, Yong Gang Huang, and Wei Dong Wang. "Evaluation of Heavy Metal Contamination to Planting Base Soil in Shenyang, China." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 1494–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.1494.

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The distribution and accumulation of heavy metals in the planting base soils in Shenyang, northeast of China, were investigated. Sixty soil samples were collected and characterized for heavy metals contents (AsCdCrPbHgNiCu and Zn). Concentration data were processed using correlation analysis and soils pollution assessment was carried out using geoaccumulation and PI. The results revealed that eight heavy metals contents of planting base all reached pollution level, which Pb and Hg pollution relatively serious, reached 2.41 and 2.1 respectively. The order of heavy metal pollution levels are: Pb> Hg> Zn = Cu> As> Ni> Cd> Cr. A significant correlation exists in Pb-Cd, Pb-Cu, Cd-As, Cu-Ni, while an extremely significant correlation exists between Zn-Cu. In addition to the parent material soil, the sources of soil heavy metals are mainly by the industrial, agricultural, transportation or other human activities and the effect of atmospheric transport and deposition. KEYWORDS: soil, heavy metal pollution, assessment, pollution index

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Gu, Jian, and Zuo Xin Liu. "Investigation and Evaluation on Heavy Metal Pollution of Vegetable Farm Soils in Fuxin, China." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 3661–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.3661.

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the paper discussed the pollution of heavy metal in vegetable farm soils in Fuxin city, China. The levels of lead, cadmium, chromium, arsenic and mercury in 5 soil samples obtained from vegetable farm soil were detected. The levels of lead, cadmium, chromium, arsenic and mercury were17.12-34.62mg/kg,0.12-0.24 mg/kg,32.28-50.96 mg/kg,6.86-8.83 mg/kg and 0.14-0.16 mg/kg, respectively. At same time, we have done some evaluation for vegetable farm soils pollution of Fuxin. The vegetable farm soils were contaminated by mercury in great universality, and the next is cadmium. As for contaminated degree, mercury-pollution is severe, and the second were cadmium, and the rest are slightly polluted. Compared the present pollution change, soil pollution in Fuxin is aggravate, which should grasp management, especially the serious mercury pollution that should pay attention to the monitoring mercury enterprises.

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Zheng, Xiangqun, Haoyu Cao, Bo Liu, Man Zhang, Chunxue Zhang, Peizhen Chen, and Bo Yang. "Effects of Mercury Contamination on Microbial Diversity of Different Kinds of Soil." Microorganisms 10, no. 5 (May 7, 2022): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10050977.

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Soil microorganisms promote the recovery of contaminated soil by influencing the cyclic transformation of various substances. In this study, we investigated the impact of mercury pollution on the structure, composition, and main populations of soil microbial communities using a high-throughput sequencing method and observed that mercury pollution significantly influenced the diversity, structure, and distribution pattern of microbial communities. Furthermore, during mercury pollution, the Shannon and Chao indices decreased for the bacterial communities and increased for the fungal communities. Mercury pollution mainly reduced the relative abundances of Proteobacteria (16.2–30.6%), Actinomycetes (24.7–40.8%), and other dominant bacterial phyla. The relative abundance of Ascomycota decreased by 17.4% and 16.7% in alkaline and neutral soils, respectively, whereas the relative abundance of unclassified_k_Fungi increased by 26.1% and 28.6%, respectively. In acidic soil, Ascomycota increased by 106.3% and unclassified_k_Fungi decreased by 71.2%. The results of redundancy and correlation analyses suggested that soil microbial diversity was significantly correlated with soil properties such as pH, cation exchange capacity, soil organic carbon, and total nitrogen (p < 0.05) under different treatments. Our findings highlight the impact of Hg pollution on soil microbial communities, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the bioremediation of soil Hg pollution.

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Yang, Pingguo, Miao Yang, Renzhao Mao, and Hongbo Shao. "Multivariate-Statistical Assessment of Heavy Metals for Agricultural Soils in Northern China." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/517020.

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The study evaluated eight heavy metals content and soil pollution from agricultural soils in northern China. Multivariate and geostatistical analysis approaches were used to determine the anthropogenic and natural contribution of soil heavy metal concentrations. Single pollution index and integrated pollution index could be used to evaluate soil heavy metal risk. The results show that the first factor explains 27.3% of the eight soil heavy metals with strong positive loadings on Cu, Zn, and Cd, which indicates that Cu, Zn, and Cd are associated with and controlled by anthropic activities. The average value of heavy metal is lower than the second grade standard values of soil environmental quality standards in China. Single pollution index is lower than 1, and the Nemerow integrated pollution index is 0.305, which means that study area has not been polluted. The semivariograms of soil heavy metal single pollution index fitted spherical and exponential models. The variable ratio of single pollution index showed moderately spatial dependence. Heavy metal contents showed relative safety in the study area.

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Akter, Mahmuda, Mohammad Humayun Kabir, Mohammad Ashraful Alam, Hammadullah Al Mashuk, Mohammad Mizanur Rahman, Mohammad Saiful Alam, Graham Brodie, S. M. Mofijul Islam, Yam Kanta Gaihre, and Golum Kibria Muhammad Mustafizur Rahman. "Geospatial Visualization and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Rice Soil of a Newly Developed Industrial Zone in Bangladesh." Sustainability 15, no. 9 (April 26, 2023): 7208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15097208.

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With rapid industrialization in Gazipur areas of Bangladesh, untreated industrial effluents have been polluting rice soils which could exert potential ecological risk. Therefore, four different types of industries including chemical (SL), textile and paints (MIX), dyeing (CK), and sweater and dyeing (RD) were selected to monitor the intensity of heavy metal pollution in rice soils and ecological risk assessment. The di-acid digestion method was used for the determination of Pd, Cd, and Ni, and the DTPA extraction method was used for Fe, Zn, and Cu. ArcGIS was used to visualize the spatial patterns of heavy metal pollution, and different pollution indices were calculated to assess the ecological risk. The highest concentration (mg kg−1) of Cd (0.72), Pb (104.20), and Ni (5.02) was found in soils of the MIX industrial area. The highest concentration (mg kg−1) of Fe (147.65) and Zn (11.27) was found in the SL industry, while the highest Cu (7.67) was found in the CK industry. It was evident from the spatial distribution that the soils of paddy fields adjacent to the different industries are more contaminated than background soil. Although the potential ecological risk of heavy metal was low, different pollution indices indicated low to high pollution. Thus, the adjacent rice field soil of different industries is being contaminated by different heavy metals which may raise ecological risk.

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Grafkina, M. V., and A. V. Pitryuk. "Improvement of the soil pollution monitoring system." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1010, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1010/1/012087.

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Abstract The Russian Federation has established a fairly effective system of environmental monitoring, including soil pollution with industrial toxicants and pesticides. The results of environmental monitoring are included in stock materials reflecting the state of the environment. First of all, they include the yearbooks of the Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring of the Russian Federation. Environmental monitoring data make it possible to identify the level of soil pollution in various regions, formulate recommendations on the state of soil pollution and the possibility of their use in agriculture, and are also the basis for justifying the choice of new territories for newly planned economic activities. Analysis of the composition of stock data on soil pollution to assess the level of pollution, identify certain patterns of modeling and forecasting changes in the trend of anthropogenic impact on soils is an important scientific problem. The purpose of this study is to analyze the composition of data on monitoring soil pollution with heavy metals and pesticides in order to identify certain patterns, conduct modeling and forecasting, and develop recommendations to improve the effectiveness of environmental monitoring.

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Donerian, Larisa G., M. A. Vodianova, and Zh E. Tarasova. "Microscopic soil fungi - bioindicators organisms contaminated soil." Hygiene and sanitation 95, no. 9 (October 28, 2019): 891–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2016-95-9-891-894.

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In the paper there are considered methodological issues for the evaluation of soil biota in terms of oil pollution. Experimental studies have shown that under the exposure of a various levels of oil pollution meeting certain gradations of the state and optimal alteration in microbocenosis in sod-podzolic soils, there is occurred a transformation of structure of the complex of micromycetes and the accumulation of toxic species, hardly typical for podzolic soils - primarily represantatives of the genus Aspergillus (A.niger and A. versicolor), Paecilomyces (P.variotii Bainer), Trichoderma (T.hamatum), the genus of phytopathogens Fusarium (F.oxysporum), dermatophytes of genus Sporothrix (S. schenckii) and dark-colored melanin containing fungi of Dematiaceae family. Besides that there are presented data on the study of microbiocenosis of the urban soil, the urban soil differed from the zone soil, but shaped in similar landscape and climatic conditions, and therefore having a tendency to a similar response from the side of microorganisms inhabiting the soil. Isolated complex of soil microscopic fungi is described by many authors as a complex, characteristic for soils of megalopolises. This allowed authors of this work to suggest that in urban soils the gain in the occurrence of pathogenic species micromycetes also increases against a background of chronic, continuously renewed inflow of petroleum hydrocarbons from various sources of pollution. Because changes in the species composition of micromycetes occurred in accordance with the increasing load of oil, so far as microscopic soil fungi can be recommended as a bioindicator organisms for oil. In the article there is also provided information about the distinctive features of modern DNA identification method of soil microscopic fungi and accepted in our country methodology of isolation of micromycetes with the use of a nutrient Czapek medium.

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Weber, Collin J., and Moritz Bigalke. "Opening Space for Plastics—Why Spatial, Soil and Land Use Data Are Important to Understand Global Soil (Micro)Plastic Pollution." Microplastics 1, no. 4 (October 8, 2022): 610–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microplastics1040042.

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After five years of research on microplastic pollution of soils it becomes obvious that soil systems act as a reservoir for microplastics on global scales. Nevertheless, the exact role of soils within global microplastic cycles, plastic fluxes within soils and environmental consequences are so far only partly understood. Against the background of a global environmental plastic pollution, the spatial reference, spatial levels, sampling approaches and documentation practices of soil context data becomes important. Within this review, we therefore evaluate the availability of spatial MP soil data on a global scale through the application of a questionnaire applied to 35 case studies on microplastics in soils published since 2016. We found that the global database on microplastics in soils is mainly limited to agricultural used topsoils in Central Europe and China. Data on major global areas and soil regions are missing, leading to a limited understanding of soils plastic pollution. Furthermore, we found that open data handling, geospatial data and documentation of basic soil information are underrepresented, which hinders further understanding of global plastic fluxes in soils. Out of this context, we give recommendations for spatial reference and soil context data collection, access and combination with soil microplastic data, to work towards a global and free soil microplastic data hub.

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39

Mi, Yidong, Xue Bai, Xinru Li, Min Zhou, Xuesong Liu, Fanfan Wang, Hailei Su, Haiyan Chen, and Yuan Wei. "Soil Mercury Pollution Changes Soil Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Community Composition." Journal of Fungi 9, no. 4 (March 23, 2023): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9040395.

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Remediation of mercury (Hg)-contaminated soil by mycorrhizal technology has drawn increasing attention because of its environmental friendliness. However, the lack of systematic investigations on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) community composition in Hg-polluted soil is an obstacle for AMF biotechnological applications. In this study, the AMF communities within rhizosphere soils from seven sites from three typical Hg mining areas were sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq platform. A total of 297 AMF operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected in the Hg mining area, of which Glomeraceae was the dominant family (66.96%, 175 OTUs). AMF diversity was significantly associated with soil total Hg content and water content in the Hg mining area. Soil total Hg showed a negative correlation with AMF richness and diversity. In addition, the soil properties including total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total potassium, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, and pH also affected AMF diversity. Paraglomeraceae was found to be negatively correlated to Hg stress. The wide distribution of Glomeraceae in Hg-contaminated soil makes it a potential candidate for mycorrhizal remediation.

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40

Rezapour, Salar, Mehri Azizi, and Amin Nouri. "Pollution Analysis and Health Implications of Heavy Metals under Different Urban Soil Types in a Semi-Arid Environment." Sustainability 15, no. 16 (August 9, 2023): 12157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151612157.

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A fundamental requirement for the effective prevention and management of soil contamination involves the determination of heavy metal contamination levels and the assessment of associated health risks for human populations. In this study, an analysis was conducted to evaluate the pollution levels and health risks associated with heavy metals in urban soils, specifically focusing on four distinct soil types, namely Calcisols, Cambisols, Fluvisols, and Regosols. The mean values of five heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, and Ni), some soil pollution indices, and human health risk indices were determined. Pollution indices including the integrated Newerow pollution index (PIN), single pollution index (PI), and pollution load index (PLI) showed a moderate pollution class in most soil samples. The non-carcinogen risk index of elements (HI) in each exposure pathway and the total of the exposure pathways (THI) was <1 for three different population groups (children, adult females, and adult males) and in all soils. This shows the lack of non-cancerous risk for local residents in the study site. The variations in HI and THI for the three population groups and three different exposure pathways was in the order of adult males > adult females > children and ingestion > dermal contact > inhalation. The carcinogenicity risk (CR) of Cd, Pb, and Ni through exposure by ingestion was >1 × 10−4 for children in all soils, meaning that soil ingestion is hazardous to children in the study region. For all three population groups and all soil types, Pb was most effective in HI and THI, whereas Cd had the highest carcinogenicity potential.

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Semenov, Mikhail Y., Anton V. Silaev, Yuri M. Semenov, Larisa A. Begunova, and Yuri M. Semenov. "Identifying and Characterizing Critical Source Areas of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants in Urban Agglomeration in Lake Baikal Watershed." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 10, 2022): 14827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142214827.

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Critical source areas (CSAs) are the areas prone to generating runoff and are characterized by a high level of soil pollution. CSAs may accumulate and release soil pollutants emitted by primary emission sources (industrial and municipal enterprises) into the surface water during storm events. The aim of this study was to identify CSAs and their pollution sources and to assess the level of soil pollution in CSAs with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and trace metals (TM). CSAs were identified using a geospatial data model (GIS), and primary emission sources were identified using a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. It was found that the soils of CSAs were characterized by higher pollution levels than soils outside the CSAs. Pollution levels were highly variable among the identified CSAs due to the different capacities of the plants located in those areas. Due to high variability of TM concentrations in preindustrial soils, the pollution level of PAHs and the pollution level of TMs in CSA soils did not correlate with each other. The PAH composition of bottom sediments was different from that of soils, whereas the TM compositions of the soils and bottom sediments were similar. It was proved that the main sources of PAHs and TMs in CSA soils were traffic emissions and central heating boilers.

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42

Mandic, Leka, Dragutin Djukic, and Snezana Djordjevic. "Soil fungi as indicators of pesticide soil pollution." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 109 (2005): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn0519097l.

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Soil fungi, with their pronounced enzymic activity and high osmotic potential, represent a significant indicator of negative effects of different pesticides on the agroecosystem as a whole. In that respect, a trial was set up on the alluvium soil type with the aim to investigate the effect of different herbicides (Simazine, Napropamid, Paraquat), fungicides (Captan and Mancozeb) and insecticides (Fenitrothion and Dimethoate) on a number of soil fungi under apple trees. The number of soil fungi was determined during four growing seasons by an indirect method of dilution addition on the Czapek agar. The study results indicate that the fungi belong to the group of microorganisms that, after an initial sensible response to the presence of pesticides in the soil, very rapidly establish normal metabolism enabling them even to increase their number. The fungicides and insecticides applied were found to be particularly effective in that respect.

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Theocharopoulos, S. P., G. Wagner, J. Sprengart, M. E. Mohr, A. Desaules, H. Muntau, M. Christou, and P. Quevauviller. "European soil sampling guidelines for soil pollution studies." Science of The Total Environment 264, no. 1-2 (January 2001): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(00)00611-2.

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44

Li, Xiu Xia. "Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metal in Urban Soil of China." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 454–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.454.

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There are significant regional differences of the heavy metals contents in urban soils in China. The heavy metals contents in urban soils of the eastern, central and western regions are quite different, and the pollution of capital cities and prefecture-level cities are different. The study about spatial variability, time differences, pollution levels and environmental risks of heavy metals from China's urban soil show that the heavy metal contents in Chinese cities are over the soil background value in China, especially the contents of Cd and Pb , which were 91.37 times and 41.91 times to the Chinese soil background value. And the content of Ni l is only 1.59 times to the Chinese soil background value.There are also obvious differences among different functional areas the city. Meanwhile, the metal content of urban soils change with the length of time of urban development. Nemero comprehensive pollution index of China's urban soil heavy metal was 45.404, which is heavily polluted. The potential ecological risk index of China's urban soil heavy metal is 71.56, which is high potential ecological risk. Different levels of urban pollution with development degrees cause the different environmental risks.

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Wang, Hong, Hai Bo Li, Xue Dong Lv, Peng Fei Wang, and Ji Fu Ma. "Assessment and Characteristics of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil in the Vicinity of a Zinc Mine Dump Heaps." Advanced Materials Research 937 (May 2014): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.937.537.

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Heavy metal contamination of soils is a widespread and serious enviroment problem in the process of exploitation and utilization of lead-zinc mine. In this study, the distribution, pollution index of lead, cadmium, zinc and copper of the soils near an abandoned zinc mine dump heaps were investigated. The results showed concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu in smelting slags averaged at 11950mg/kg, 92mg/kg, 8878mg/kg, and 2129mg/kg respectively, whereas concentrations of heavy metal in adjacent soils exceed the maximum of soil environment. Pb and Cd are main pollutant. All the samples were heavy pollution by the assessment of single-factor pollution index and integrative pollution index. Hheavy metals next to the smelting slags mainly existed in the surface soil (0-20cm). Heavy metasl had lower ability of transforing downwards. The distribution characteristics of heavy metals in farmland was probably relateded to plowing processing, mixing fresh soil and the change of soil pH.

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46

Han, Ya Fen. "Evaluation of Zinc Pollution in Soils of Suzhou City." Advanced Materials Research 534 (June 2012): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.534.273.

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Choose Suzhou city’s different functional areas (industrial zone, commercial district, near the station, residential area and urban green space) to collect 55 surface soil samples and determine the zinc content of the soils by XRF and evaluate the zinc pollution level in soils with the methods of geo-accumulation index and zinc pollution index respectively. Result: The fact that the average content of Zn is beyond the soil background value in Anhui province shows soils of Suzhou city have suffered from different degrees of zinc pollution; In industrial zone, commercial district and near the station ,the zinc content of the soils is commonly higher which is mainly related to the transportation and industrial production; the evaluated results of geo-accumulative index and zinc pollution index methods show zinc pollution in soils of Suzhou city belongs to mild pollution and partial moderate pollution and the pollution is particularly serious in industrial zone, commercial district and near the station.

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47

Sager, Manfred. "Urban Soils and Road Dust—Civilization Effects and Metal Pollution—A Review." Environments 7, no. 11 (November 4, 2020): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments7110098.

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Urban soils have been changed much by human impacts in terms of structure, composition and use. This review paper gives a general introduction into changes from compaction, mixing, water retention, nutrient inputs, sealing, gardening, and pollution. Because pollutions in particular have caused concerns in the past, metal pollutions and platinum group metal inputs have been treated in more detail. Though it is not possible to cover the entire literature done on this field, it has been tried to give examples from all continents, regarding geochemical background levels. Urban metal soil pollution depends on the age of the settlement, current emissions from traffic and industry, and washout. It seems that in regions of high precipitation, pollutants are swept away to the watershed, leaving the soils less polluted than in Europe. Health hazards, however, are caused by ingestion and inhalation, which are higher in 3rd world countries, and not by concentrations met in urban soils as such; these are not treated within this paper in detail. With respect to pollutants, this paper is focused on metals. Contrary to many reviews of the past, which mix all data into one column, like sampling depth, sieved grain sizes, digestion and determination methods, these have been considered, because this might lead to considerable interpretation changes. Because many datasets are not Gaussian distributed, medians and concentration ranges are given, wherever possible. Urban dust contains about two to three fold the hazardous metal concentrations met in urban soils. Some data about metal mobilities obtained from selective and sequential leaching procedures, are also added. Soil compaction, pollution, sealings and run-offs cause stress situations for green plants growing at roadside locations, which is discussed in the Section 5. Environmental protection measures have led to decrease metal pollutions within the last decade in many places.

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Xin, Xiaoping, Jiali Shentu, Tiequan Zhang, Xiaoe Yang, Virupax C. Baligar, and Zhenli He. "Sources, Indicators, and Assessment of Soil Contamination by Potentially Toxic Metals." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 29, 2022): 15878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315878.

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Soil pollution caused by potentially toxic metals has become a worldwide environmental issue. Geogenic processes and anthropogenic activities are two important sources of soil pollution. Soils may inherit toxic metals from parent materials; however, soil pollution mostly results from industrial and agricultural activities. Contamination by metals can be indicated by the changes in chemical, biochemical, and microbial properties of soils and plant responses. The total concentration of toxic metals in soil is still the most widely used indicator for risk assessment although extractable amounts have been reported to be more closely related to plant uptake. Several models have been proposed for assessing soil contamination by toxic metals, but none of them are commonly accepted for application to a wide range of soils. This review paper highlights how toxic metal contamination negatively affects soil and environmental quality, impacts food quality and security, and poses a threat to human health. Further research is needed to not only improve soil contamination diagnosis, modeling, and regulatory standards but also for remediation efficiency.

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Ropek, Dariusz Roman, and Janina Gospodarek. "Entomopathogenic Nematode Steinernema feltiae as an Indicator of Soil Pollution with Oil Derivatives in Bioremediation Process." Agriculture 12, no. 12 (November 28, 2022): 2033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12122033.

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Petroleum-derived substances (PDSs) pollutants negatively affect agricultural soil biocenosis, disturbing the biological properties of soils. This paper aimed to test the effect of oil derivatives during soil bioremediation processes on Steinernema feltiae nematode and determine their potential use as an indicator of the degree of soil pollution. Two test series were applied (with bioremediation and without bioremediation) in which the soil was contaminated with diesel fuel, petrol and engine oil. A preparation was designed for the bioremediation of soils polluted with oil derivatives and used in the experiments. Soil pollution with oil derivatives has a negative effect on S. feltiae nematode ability to penetrate Tenebrio mollitor larvae. The most negative and long-lasting effect of soil pollution with oil derivatives was registered when engine oil and diesel fuel were used. The application of biopreparation accelerated the bioremediation process and diminished a negative effect of soil pollution with engine oil on virulence of S. feltiae nematode. The mortality of test insects caused by the nematode S. feltiae was a sufficient indicator of the progress of bioremediation of petroleum pollutants, such as diesel oil and engine oil.

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Medyńska-Juraszek, Agnieszka, and Anna Szczepańska. "Microplastic Pollution in EU Farmland Soils: Preliminary Findings from Agricultural Soils (Southwestern Poland)." Agriculture 13, no. 9 (September 1, 2023): 1733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091733.

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Agricultural soils are considered as “hot-spots” of plastic particles; however, due to a lack of standardized method of microplastic determination in soils, as well as no legal regulations requiring the monitoring of the soil environment in the context of microplastic contamination, the data on MP abundance and occurrence in European soils are very limited. In this first study of MPs pollution in agricultural soils in Poland, we developed a method of microplastic extraction from soil samples with different properties (particle size distribution, clay and organic matter content) and used optical microscopy for MP determination and quantification. In this study, we analyzed 44 soil samples from five sampling site locations with differing soil type, agricultural activity, including farmland soils on floodplains and past records of sewage sludge and compost applications. We found evidence that 93% of cultivated soils in the SW part of Poland contained MPs. The content of MP varied between soil types and present/former use of the land. Loamy and clay soils contained more MPs, 1540 ± 912 particles per kg soil and 933 ± 682 particles per kg, respectively, compared with sandy soils at 383 ± 188 particles per kg of soil. The highest MP concentrations were determined in soils amended with sewage sludge, wastewaters and green-waste composts (up to 4050 ± 2831 particles per kg of soil). The wide distribution of MPs with a dominance of plastic fibers (up to 60% of determined MP types) can be associated with agricultural sources such as soil mulching, the use of organic fertilizers, seed coating or unintentional waste dumping and air deposition.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Soil pollution'

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