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Journal articles on the topic 'Soil organic amendment'
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1
Yang, Wei Qiang, Barbara L. Goulart, and K. Demchak. "Assessing Organic Nitrogen Acquisition of Ericoid Mycorrhizae in Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Plants by Using an 15N Tracer." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 467e—467. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.467e.
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The ability of mycorrhizal highbush blueberry plants to acquire soil organic nitrogen under different organic amendment regimes was investigated in a field experiment by using an 15N tracer. Plants inoculated with an ericoid mycorrhizal isolate from the genus Oidiodendron had lower leaf 15N enrichment than uninoculated plants, indicating mycorrhizal (M) plants absorbed more unlabeled soil nitrogen than nonmycorrhizal (NM) plants. The unlabeled nitrogen was presumably from soil organic N sources which might be less available to NM plants. M plants produced more plant dry weight and larger canopy volume, presumably as a result of improved N acquisition ability. In the study, the effect of pre-plant organic amendments on the growth of highbush blueberry plants was clearly demonstrated. The forest litter amendment produced higher dry mass than either the rotted sawdust amendment or no amendment. The rotted sawdust amendment produced the smallest plants. These results suggested that organic amendments with different C:N ratios might have affected soil N availability by affecting the N mineralization process. The implication of these findings in the production of highbush blueberry in mineral soils will be discussed.
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Li, Zhigang, Kaiyang Qiu, Rebecca L. Schneider, Stephen J. Morreale, and Yingzhong Xie. "Comparison of microbial community structures in soils with woody organic amendments and soils with traditional local organic amendments in Ningxia of Northern China." PeerJ 7 (May 8, 2019): e6854. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6854.
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Background Addition of organic amendments has been commonly adopted as a means to restore degraded soils globally. More recently, the use of woody organic amendments has been recognized as a viable method of capturing and retaining water and restoring degraded and desertified soil, especially in semi-arid regions. However, the impacts of woody amendments on soil microbial community structure, versus other traditional organic supplements is less understood. Methods Three locally available natural organic materials of different qualities, i.e., cow manure (CM), corn straw (CS), and chipped poplar branches (PB) were selected as treatments in Ningxia, Northern China and compared with control soils. Four microcosms served as replicates for each treatment. All treatments contained desertified soil; treatments with amendments were mixed with 3% (w/w) of one of the above organic materials. After 7 and 15 months from the start of the experiment, soil samples were analyzed for chemical and physical properties, along with biological properties, which included microbial α-diversity, community structure, and relative abundance of microbial phyla. Results Both bacterial and fungal α-diversity indices were weakly affected by amendments throughout the experimental period. All amendments yielded different microbial community compositions than the Control soils. The microbial community composition in the CS and PB treatments also were different from the CM treatment. After 15 months of the experiment, CS and PB exhibited similar microbial community composition, which was consistent with their similar soil physical and chemical properties. Moreover, CS and PB also appeared to exert similar effects on the abundance of some microbial taxa, and both of these treatments yield different abundances of microbial taxa than the CM treatment. Conclusion New local organic amendment with PB tended to affect the microbial community in a similar way to the traditional local organic amendment with CS, but different from the most traditional local organic amendment with CM in Ningxia, Northern China. Moreover, the high C/N-sensitive, and lignin and cellulose decompose-related microbial phyla increased in CS and PB have benefits in decomposing those incorporated organic materials and improving soil properties. Therefore, we recommend that PB should also be considered as a viable soil organic amendment for future not in Ningxia, but also in other places.
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Kim, Min-Suk, Sang-Hwan Lee, Hyun Park, and Jeong-Gyu Kim. "Evaluation of Two Amendments (Biochar and Acid Mine Drainage Sludge) on Arsenic Contaminated Soil Using Chemical, Biological, and Ecological Assessments." Materials 14, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 4111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154111.
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Various types of organic and inorganic materials are widely examined and applied into the arsenic (As) contaminated soil to stabilize As bioavailability and to enhance soil quality as an amendment. This study deals with two types of amendments: biochar for organic amendment and acid mine drainage sludge (AMDS) for inorganic amendment. Each amendment was applied in two types of As contaminated soils: one showed low contaminated concentration and acid property and the other showed high contaminated concentration and alkali property. In order to comprehensively evaluate the effect of amendments on As contaminated soil, chemical (As bioavailability), biological phytotoxicity (Lactuca sativa), soil respiration activity, dehydrogenase activity, urease activity, ß-glucosidase activity, and acid/alkali phosphomonoesterase activity, an ecological (total bacterial cells and total metagenomics DNA at the phylum level) assessment was conducted. Both amendments increased soil pH and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which changes the bioavailability of As. In reducing phytotoxicity to As, the AMDS was the most effective regardless of soil types. Although soil enzyme activity results were not consistent with amendments types and soil types, bacterial diversity was increased after amendment application in acid soil. In acid soil, the results of principal component analysis represented that AMDS contributes to improve soil quality through the reduction in As bioavailability and the correction of soil pH from acidic to neutral condition, despite the increases in DOC. However, soil DOC had a negative effect on As bioavailability, phytotoxicity and some enzyme activity in alkali soil. Taken together, it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the interaction of chemical, biological, and ecological properties according to soil pH in the decision-making stages for the selection of appropriate soil restoration material.
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Ma, Xiang, Qingqing Zhang, Haibing Wu, and Jing Liang. "Deciphering the Effects of Waste Amendments on Particulate Organic Carbon and Soil C-Mineralization Dynamics." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 29, 2021): 3790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073790.
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It is important to understand the dynamics of soil carbon to study the effects of waste amendment inputs on soil organic carbon decomposition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of waste amendment carbon input on the soil organic carbon (SOC) content, soil particulate organic carbon (POC) content and soil organic carbon mineralization rate dynamics. A 60-day experiment was carried out in the laboratory. The following treatments were compared: (1) CK: soil without amendments; (2) FW1: soil with food waste compost (soil/food waste compost = 100:1); (3) FW2: soil with food waste compost (soil/food waste compost = 100:2); (4) GW1: soil with garden waste compost (soil/garden waste compost = 100:0.84); (5) GW2: soil with garden waste compost (soil/garden waste compost = 100:1.67); (6) FGW1: soil amendments mixture (soil/food waste compost/garden waste compost = 100:0.5:0.42); (7) FGW2: soil amendments mixture (soil/food waste compost/garden waste compost = 100:1:0.84); the inputs of amendment carbon to FW1, GW1 and FGW1 were 2.92 g kg−1, the inputs of amendment carbon to FW2, GW2 and FGW2 were 5.84 g kg−1. The results showed that the addition of waste amendments increased the amount of cumulative mineralization from 95% to 262% and accelerated the rate of soil mineralization. After adding organic materials, the change in the soil organic carbon mineralization rate could be divided into two stages: the fast stage and the slow stage. The dividing point of the two stages was approximately 10 days. When equal amounts of waste amendment carbon were input to the soil, there was no significant difference in SOC between food waste and garden waste. However, SOC increased with the amount of amendment addition. However, for POC, there was no significant difference between the different amounts of carbon input to the garden waste compost treatments. SOC and POC were significantly correlated with the cumulative emissions of CO2.
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Yang, Wei Qiang, Barbara L. Goulart, K. Demchak, and Yadong Li. "Interactive Effects of Mycorrhizal Inoculation and Organic Soil Amendments on Nitrogen Acquisition and Growth of Highbush Blueberry." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 127, no. 5 (September 2002): 742–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.127.5.742.
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The ability of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal `Elliott' highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) plants to acquire soil N under different preplant organic soil amendment regimes (forest litter, rotted sawdust, or no amendment) was investigated in a field experiment using 15N labeled (NH4)2SO4. Plants inoculated with an ericoid mycorrhizal isolate, Oidiodendron maius Dalpé (UAMH 9263), had lower leaf 15N enrichment and higher leaf N contents than noninoculated plants but similar leaf N concentrations, indicating mycorrhizal plants absorbed more nonlabeled soil N than nonmycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhizal plants produced more plant dry weight (DW) and larger canopy volumes. The effect of preplant organic amendments on the growth of highbush blueberry plants was clearly demonstrated. Plants grown in soil amended with forest litter produced higher DW than those in either the rotted sawdust amendment or no amendment. Plants grown in soils amended preplant with sawdust, the current commercial recommendation, were the smallest. Differences in the carbon to nitrogen ratio were likely responsible for growth differences among plants treated with different soil amendments.
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Wiseman, P. Eric, Susan Day, and J. Roger Harris. "Organic Amendment Effects on Soil Carbon and Microbial Biomass in the Root Zone of Three Landscape Tree Species." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 38, no. 6 (November 1, 2012): 262–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2012.036.
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There is increasing interest in amending degraded soils with organic matter to improve soil quality, especially in urban areas where rehabilitation of damaged soils may enhance tree growth and provision of ecosystem services. To assess the potential of such organic amendments for producing a sustained alteration in soil biological characteristics, researchers studied the effects of three organic amendments incorporated into the root zone of three tree species on root development, soil carbon dynamics, and soil microbial biomass over one year beginning 20 months after amendment application. Soil amendment with leaf-based, and to a lesser extent, biosolids-based composts increased root length within the amended root zone of red maple (Acer rubrum), but not of pin oak (Quercus palustris) or chestnut oak (Q. montana). There was a concomitant increase in microbial biomass carbon for red maple. Across all species, sphagnum peat moss amendment reduced microbial biomass carbon by 47% compared to unamended root zones and suppressed maximum seasonal soil respiration relative to composts. In contrast, leaf-based compost increased microbial biomass carbon by 12% (P = 0.0989) compared to unamended root zones. Carbon/nitrogen ratios remained stable throughout most of the year except in the root zones of chestnut oak and pin oak amended with peat, where it declined 44%–85%. Total soil carbon was stable in all treatments, although unamended soils averaged about 40% lower than amended soils. Across all species and treatments, cumulative fine root length explained 19% of the variation in microbial biomass carbon. The study authors conclude that soil microbial activity can be increased by compost amendment of the root zone and that this increase is mediated to some degree by tree roots. In addition, stable C/N ratios suggest this alteration in the root zone may be sustainable. Further research may clarify whether compost amendment combined with tree planting can accelerate soil restoration.
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Xiao, Meng, Guangming Liu, Shengguo Jiang, Xuewei Guan, Jinlin Chen, Rongjiang Yao, and Xiuping Wang. "Bio-Organic Fertilizer Combined with Different Amendments Improves Nutrient Enhancement and Salt Leaching in Saline Soil: A Soil Column Experiment." Water 14, no. 24 (December 14, 2022): 4084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14244084.
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Salt-affected soils frequently experience leaching and desalination issues, which severely restrict plant growth and water uptake. Hence, in this experiment, four treatments including CG (no amendments addition); OF (organic fertilizer addition); OH (organic fertilizer and Hekang amendment addition); and OB (organic fertilizer and fulvic acid addition) were designed to examine the effect of organic amendment on soil chemical properties, water and salt transport, and soil desalination laws of coastal saline soil. The results showed that the addition of organic amendments significantly reduced soil pH (8.47–8.52) and salt content (2.06–2.34 g kg−1), while increasing soil organic matter content, available phosphorus, and available potassium. OH treatment has a higher available phosphorus content than other treatments. OH and OB treatments elevated the soil desalination ratio (32.95% and 32.12%, respectively) by raising the leaching volume and leaching rate. Organic amendments significantly promoted Na+ (4.5–32%) and SO42− (12–27%) leaching compared to CG. Organic treatments, particularly OB treatment, not only increased the content of soil organic matter and available nutrients but also promoted salt ion leaching, improved soil permeability and increased soil desalination and water leaching rates. Our results may provide a theoretical basis for revealing the desalination law of coastal saline soil.
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Mohiuddin, Muhammad, Zahid Hussain, Asim Abbasi, Jawad Ali, Muhammad Irshad, Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman Tariq, Anum Intisar, Aiman Hina, Qamar Uz Zaman, and Anne Wai Man Ng. "Sawdust Amendment in Agricultural and Pasture Soils Can Reduce Iodine Losses." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 20, 2022): 13620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013620.
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Iodine loss is common in the soil of hilly regions due to higher precipitation rates and steeper slopes. Iodine deficiency in soil reduces iodine’s bioavailability to fruits and vegetables and consequently may contribute to health complications. However, the iodine retention of soils after the addition of selected organic and inorganic amendments has not been studied. Therefore, a study was carried out to investigate iodine loss during surface runoff. For this purpose, a soil amendment (namely, sawdust, charcoal, wood ash, lime or gypsum) was applied separately to pasture and agricultural soils under natural rainfall conditions. The soil was fertigated with iodine in the form of potassium iodide (KI) at the rate of 200 ppm. Surface runoff was related to soil properties. Results showed that iodine content in surface runoff was linearly related with soil pH (R2 = 0.89, p < 0.05) and inversely related with soil organic carbon (R2 = −0.76, p < 0.05). Soils amended with sawdust had significantly reduced iodine content in runoff. A higher amount of iodine was lost via surface runoff from soil after inorganic amendment. Soil amendments were varied for iodine retention in soil in the order of sawdust > charcoal > wood ash > lime > gypsum. The study results indicated that organic amendments, especially sawdust, improved soil properties and increased the iodine retention capacity of soils.
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Lamptey, Xie, Li, Coulter, and Jagadabhi. "Influence of Organic Amendment on Soil Respiration and Maize Productivity in a Semi-Arid Environment." Agronomy 9, no. 10 (October 3, 2019): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9100611.
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Soil degradation and C emissions are a threat to sustainable agriculture in many arid and semi-arid areas. For sustainable agriculture, the influence of soil amendments on crop production and soil respiration has been a key focus of research. A three-year field study to assess how soil amendments influence soil properties, soil respiration (Rs), and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) was conducted. Treatments were: no amendment (NA), chemical fertilizer (CF), swine (Sus scrofa L.) manure (SM), maize stover (MS), and swine manure + chemical fertilizer (SC). Soil amendment (CF, SM, MS, and SC) consistently produced greatest grain yield and aboveground biomass, which averaged 38 and 34% greater than NA, respectively. No amendment reduced Rs by an average of 12% compared to amendment treatments. Enhanced grain yield with soil amendment resulted in increased carbon emission efficiency (CEE) with SC>MS>CF>SM>NA. Across years, SC decreased soil bulk density by 13% and increased CEE, soil total C, and soil hydraulic conductivity by 52, 19, and 21%, respectively, compared to NA. These results demonstrate the viability of swine manure + chemical fertilizer at 200 kg N ha−1 as a soil amendment for improved CEE and advancing sustainable maize production in semi-arid rainfed environments.
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Larney, Francis J., H. Henry Janzen, and Andrew F. Olson. "Residual effects of one-time manure, crop residue and fertilizer amendments on a desurfaced soil." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 91, no. 6 (November 2011): 1029–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss10065.
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Larney, F.J., Janzen, H.H. and Olson, A.F. 2011. Residual effectsof one-time manure, crop residue and fertilizer amendments on a desurfaced soil. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 1029–1043. Organic amendments are often used to mitigate the effects of soil degradation caused by erosion. In spring 1992, a desurfaced soil (∼15 cm depth mechanically removed to simulate erosion) received one-time applications of amendments (20 Mg ha−1dry wt), and was subsequently seeded annually to spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). By 2009, six treatments (fresh and old cattle manure, hog and poultry manure, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay and straw+200 kg P ha−1) had cumulative yields which were not significantly different (−6.5 to −19.5%) from the topsoil check treatment (no topsoil removed, no amendment). Most (8 of 13) amendment treatments showed significant power function relationships between cumulative grain yield (expressed as a percent of topsoil check) and time while two (hog and poultry manure) were quadratic. Soil organic carbon (SOC) accrued on all treatments over time, increasing significantly from an average of 12.2 g kg−1in 1992 to 13.2 g kg−1(0–15 cm depth) in 2003. Residual amendment effects on total nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were apparent 11.5 yr after application. Results demonstrated that while drastically disturbed soils may recover productivity in the absence of organic amendments (e.g., eroded check treatment), organic amendments play a residual role in their ongoing maintenance.
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Solé, Pau, Diana Ferrer, Irene Raya, Meri Pous, Robert Gonzàlez, Sara Marañón, Josep Maria Alcañiz, and Vicenç Carabassa. "Physical and Chemical Properties of Limestone Quarry Technosols Used in the Restoration of Mediterranean Habitats." Land 12, no. 9 (September 6, 2023): 1730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12091730.
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The lack of topsoil is frequently a limiting factor in limestone quarry restoration. This implies that new technosols for maintaining target habitats must be created using mining wastes as the main components. We designed three different technosols using different combinations of mineral materials (mining wastes, excavated soils and topsoil), organic amendment types (compost and digestate) and doses for the restoration of target habitats. Moreover, we monitored the main physicochemical indicators of the quality of the technosols. We observed not only an increase in soil organic carbon and plant nutrients related to the application of any type of organic amendment, but that the digestate mostly increased the soil resistance to erosion by improving soil aggregation even before the emergence of vegetation. Soil-water-retention capacity only improved in technosols built with organic amendments and topsoil. The combination of mining wastes, organic amendments and a superficial horizon of topsoil resulted in the most optimal technosol for the restoration of limestone quarries in the Mediterranean climate.
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Dempster, Daniel N., Davey L. Jones, and Daniel V. Murphy. "Clay and biochar amendments decreased inorganic but not dissolved organic nitrogen leaching in soil." Soil Research 50, no. 3 (2012): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr11316.
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Nitrogen (N) leaching from coarse-textured soils frequently leads to productivity losses and negative environmental consequences. Historically, clay amendment has been used on coarse-textured soils to decrease water repellence and nutrient leaching. More recently, biochar has been proposed as an alternative soil amendment to decrease N leaching while simultaneously storing carbon. As biochar has a greater nutrient-retention capacity, we hypothesised that biochar derived from Eucalyptus marginata would be a more effective amendment than clay at minimising N leaching. The soil used was a coarse-textured agricultural sand with the following treatments: (1) biochar incorporated homogenously into the 0–10 cm soil layer, (2) clay incorporated similarly, (3) biochar added as a layer at 10 cm depth, (4) clay added similarly, or (5) a control. Amendments were added at 25 t/ha and watered periodically over 21 days and watered with the equivalent to 30 mm. Clay and biochar amendments significantly decreased cumulative NH4+ leaching by ~20% and NO3– leaching by 25%. Biochar decreased NO3– leaching significantly more than clay, possibly due to decreased nitrification. Dissolved organic N leaching was not influenced by any treatment. Leaching of N was unaffected by amendment application method. We conclude that to decrease N leaching, land managers should apply the most readily available of the amendments in the most convenient manner.
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Amare, Ermias Misganaw. "Biocha Soil Amendment: Effect on Soil, Crop Performance, and Diseases Resistance." International Journal on Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources 4, no. 4 (December 31, 2023): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.46676/ij-fanres.v4i4.204.
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One of the main challenges facing developing countries is an ever-increasing gap between population growth and food supply. Diseases, insects, and weeds decrease the production of crops worldwide by 36%. Hence, control of crop pests contributes to increased crop production. Organic amendments to the soil have direct impacts on crop productivity and plant health as it enhances soil fertility, water, and nutrient retention and plant disease defense mechanisms. Biochar is an important organic amendment. It is produced by the pyrolysis process, whereby organic substances are broken down at higher temperatures in low oxygen conditions. Biohar improved soil nutrient availability and water retention capacity, and induced plant resistance against broad ranges of plant pathogenic organisms including fungi, nematodes, and bacteria. Biochar soil amendment also enhances root-associated microbes such as flavobacterium and arbuscular mycorrhizae. Biochar amendments can increase soil essential nutrients for crop productivity and suppress plant pathogens. Suppression of plant pathogens is attributed to the stimulation of beneficial soil microbes, providing nutrients, and inducing plant defense. The objectives of the review are to depict the importance of biochar soil amendment on crop performance, disease resistance, and soil properties.
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Agbenin O, N. "Potentials of organic amendments in the control of plant parasitic nematodes." Plant Protection Science 40, No. 1 (March 7, 2010): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1351-pps.
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An increasing number of researchers worldwide are showing interest in organic amendment of soil as means of nematode control. Numerous plant species with nematicidal compounds have been identified. Neem (<I>Azadirachta indica) </I>is considered the best-known example of plants with nematicidal properties and is available commercially in some parts of the world. Its efficiency has been proven locally, with the seed powder giving good control in both field and screenhouse. Several materials are in use as organic amendment. However, the choice of materials for amendment will determine its efficiency in control. The use of organic amendments that are disease-free and with a narrow C:N ratio will improve soil fertility while more efficiently reducing the level of nematodes and minimising the risk of increasing the level of another soil borne pathogens and pest
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Schnackenberg, Ashley, Géraldine Bidar, Valérie Bert, Patrice Cannavo, Sébastien Détriché, Francis Douay, René Guenon, et al. "Effects of Inorganic and Organic Amendments on the Predicted Bioavailability of As, Cd, Pb and Zn in Kitchen Garden Soils." Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research 3, no. 1 (November 11, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2201004.
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Moderately contaminated garden soils can benefit from gentle remediation options such as soil amendments, which improve soil functions and agronomic potentialities while decreasing environmental and human risk. This study aimed to analyze the effects of doses of various common soil amendments generally applied by gardeners on the predicted bioavailability (i.e., extractability) of metal(loid)s (i.e., As, Cd, Pb, and Zn) in contaminated kitchen garden soils. Fourteen different amendment mixes (i.e., a green waste compost with two degrees of maturity used alone and in combination with zeolite, three organic fertilizers, two calcareous amendments, two natural siliceous or alumino-silicate amendments, and one potting soil) were tested on three different garden soils with diverse sources of contamination and physico-chemical characteristics. Chemically extractable metal(loid)s were analyzed using 0.05 M EDTA extraction and 1 M NH4NO3 extraction. In one soil sample, potting soil showed significant potential to reduce the availability of As, as analyzed by both extractants. This amendment also effectively reduced the Pb extractability in the geogenic-contaminated soil, as did other high-organic matter amendments such as various application rates of composts. Zeolite and zeolite-compost mixes demonstrated success on various metal(loid)s and therefore could be a promising emerging amendment mix. Other efficient amendments include crushed horn, which effectively reduced available Zn in all soils, as well as available Pb. The application of bone meal similarly reduced the extractable As, Pb, and Zn in various soils. The two applications of limes were effective against Cd, As, Pb, and Zn in the different soils studied. This study provided evidence that it is possible to reduce the extractability and thus the environmental availability of the metal(loid)s applied with available and affordable amendments. The results depended on the physico-chemical soil parameters and metal(loid)s considered. There is no single solution, which implies that tests must be carried out before any implementation activities on the kitchen gardens.
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Mokwenye, Ifesinachi I., Paul N. Diagboya, Bamidele I. Oluowolabi, Ikenna O. Anigbogu, and Hilary I. Owamah. "Immobilization of toxic metal cations on goethite-amended soils: a remediation strategy." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 20, no. 2 (July 25, 2016): 436–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v20i2.26.
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The study investigates a simple and viable option to reduce toxic metals mobility and availability in four surface (0–30cm) soils with varying physicochemical properties amended by different percentages of goethite. Batch sorption experiments carried out to study the effectiveness of immobilizing Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+ ions on these soils showed that goethite played vital role in the metals adsorption (≥10% increase in adsorption). Removal of soil iron oxides caused reduced Pb2+ adsorption on soils with high organic matter (≤ 10% decrease in adsorption) with no significant increase in adsorption upon amendment, while soils having low organic matter had enhanced adsorption with amendment. Cu2+ and Cd2+ adsorptions were not enhanced even at 10% goethite amendment. However, Zn2+ adsorption was interestingly different: the soils showed ≥55 % increases upon removal of inherent soil iron oxides without goethite amendment. Goethite amendments further enhanced Zn2+ adsorption on these soils. Generally, both whole and amended soils showed higher preference for Pb2+; the sorption trend is – Pb2+ >Cu2+ >Zn2+ >Cd2+. Goethite amendment of these soils improved Pb2+ and Zn2+ adsorption. Hence, goethite amendment may be an effective method for immobilizing Pb2+ and Zn2+ on these soils and thus reducing their availability to biota. The quantity of goethite required by a soil to attain maximum immobilization varies depending on the metal and the soil’s physicochemical properties; however, Cu2+ and Cd2+ may not be effectively immobilized using goethite amendment.Keywords: Soil; Goethite; Toxic metals; Adsorption, Remediation
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Baldock, J. A., C. Creamer, S. Szarvas, J. McGowan, T. Carter, and M. Farrell. "Linking decomposition rates of soil organic amendments to their chemical composition." Soil Research 59, no. 6 (2021): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr20269.
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The stock of organic carbon contained within a soil represents the balance between inputs and losses. Inputs are defined by the ability of vegetation to capture and retain carbon dioxide, effects that management practices have on the proportion of captured carbon that is added to soil and the application organic amendments. The proportion of organic amendment carbon retained is defined by its rate of mineralisation. In this study, the rate of carbon mineralisation from 85 different potential soil organic amendments (composts, manures, plant residues and biosolids) was quantified under controlled environmental conditions over a 547 day incubation period. The composition of each organic amendment was quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance and mid- and near-infrared spectroscopies. Cumulative mineralisation of organic carbon from the amendments was fitted to a two-pool exponential model. Multivariate chemometric algorithms were derived to allow the size of the fast and slow cycling pools of carbon to be predicted from the acquired spectroscopic data. However, the fast and slow decomposition rate constants could not be predicted suggesting that prediction of the residence time of organic amendment carbon in soil would likely require additional information related to soil type, environmental conditions, and management practices in use at the site of application.
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MF, Qayyum, D. Steffens, Reisenauer HP, and S. Schubert. "Biochars influence differential distribution and chemical composition of soil organic matter." Plant, Soil and Environment 60, No. 8 (August 10, 2014): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/768/2013-pse.
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In the present study, three soils (Ferralsol, Luvisol topsoil, and Luvisol subsoil) were amended with biochars (charcoal, hydrothermal carbonization coal (HTC) of bark, and low-temperature conversion coal of sewage sludge), wheat straw and a control (no amendment) and incubated over a period of 365 days. Each amendment was applied at a rate of 11.29 g C/kg soil. After incubation, the soils were analyzed to retrieve three density fractions (free fraction (FF), intra-aggregate fraction (IAF), and heavy fraction) which were analyzed for total carbon (TC) contents and scanned by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The biochars and straw significantly increased the TC contents of soils as compared to control. Among soil organic matter (SOM) density fractions, higher TC contents were documented in the FF and IAF from biochar treatments as compared to the straw. The FTIR spectra of the FF from the charcoal and HTC treatments showed the presence of aluminosilicate minerals on surfaces of SOM. There were slight changes in the FF of straw and HTC treatments as compared to spectra of original amendments. The study suggests that the stability of charcoal and HTC in soils is due to the recalcitrant nature of biochar followed by occlusion into soil micro-aggregates.
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Zhang, Yu, Liuge Wu, Xin Zhang, Aixing Deng, Raheem Abdulkareem, Daozhong Wang, Chengyan Zheng, and Weijian Zhang. "Effect of Long-Term Organic Amendment Application on the Vertical Distribution of Nutrients in a Vertisol." Agronomy 12, no. 5 (May 11, 2022): 1162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051162.
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Soil nutrients in deep soils are important for nutrient cycling and plant growth. Organic amendments have been widely used for enhancing soil health and crop yield. However, little is known about the effects of organic amendments on the vertical distributions of soil nutrients. Based on a 32-year long-term organic amendment experiment, the objective of this study was to evaluate changes in the vertical distribution of nutrients in a soybean–wheat system Vertisol. The results showed that NPK with manure or straw application significantly increased soil organic carbon (SOC), total N, total P, alkali-hydrolyzable N, available P and available K above the 40 cm soil layer. Variations in soil micronutrients primarily occurred above the 20 cm soil layer, and the highest contents were observed for NPKWS and NPKPM, respectively. Nevertheless, large amounts of NO3−−N contents accumulated in the 120–200 cm depth with manure but not straw application, indicating a high potential risk of nitrate leaching in manure treatments. These findings suggested that the application of organic amendment (manure or straw) could be recommendable for improving soil nutrients along the soil profile. Straw incorporation could be used as an alternative option for sustainable agriculture in regions with inadequate manure resources or severe nitrate leaching.
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Juhrian, Juhrian, Fadly H. Yusran, Raihani Wahdah, and Bambang J. Priatmadi. "The Effect of Biochar, Lime, and Compost on The Properties of Acid Sulphate Soil." Journal of Wetlands Environmental Management 8, no. 2 (July 29, 2020): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jwem.v8i2.249.
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<p><span style="font-size: small;"><span>Making acid sulphate soils as paddy fields is a wise choice because it can prevent the soil from oxidizing which occurs in acidification of the soil. The use of biochar as an amendment to the land has long been known since the discovery of terra preta since 1870 in the Amazon Basin as the Amazon dark earth. Because biochar soil amendments are rich in C-organics, have a buffering capacity and can increase soil acidity, are able to absorb heavy metals, and are able to retain water and nutrients for soil organisms. Meanwhile, lime has also been known as an acid sulphate soil amendment in Rome 2000 years ago to balance the acidity in agricultural land. This has been practiced for centuries until now. Though compost or organic soil can be traced more than 2000 years ago. Soil organic matter (SOM) is formed from the remains of animals and plants. It contains C and many nutrients such as N, P, and K. Based on the description above, the author wants to combine the three ingredients in the review, especially in relation to acid sulphate soils.</span></span></p>
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Clocchiatti, Anna, Silja Emilia Hannula, Muhammad Syamsu Rizaludin, Maria P. J. Hundscheid, Paulien J. A. klein Gunnewiek, Mirjam T. Schilder, Joeke Postma, and Wietse de Boer. "Impact of Cellulose-Rich Organic Soil Amendments on Growth Dynamics and Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani." Microorganisms 9, no. 6 (June 12, 2021): 1285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061285.
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Cellulose-rich amendments stimulate saprotrophic fungi in arable soils. This may increase competitive and antagonistic interactions with root-infecting pathogenic fungi, resulting in lower disease incidence. However, cellulose-rich amendments may also stimulate pathogenic fungi with saprotrophic abilities, thereby increasing plant disease severity. The current study explores these scenarios, with a focus on the pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. Saprotrophic growth of R. solani on cellulose-rich materials was tested in vitro. This confirmed paper pulp as a highly suitable substrate for R. solani, whereas its performance on wood sawdusts varied with tree species. In two pot experiments, the effects of amendment of R. solani-infected soil with cellulose-rich materials on performance of beetroot seedlings were tested. All deciduous sawdusts and paper pulp stimulated soil fungal biomass, but only oak, elder and beech sawdusts reduced damping-off of beetroot. Oak sawdust amendment gave a consistent stimulation of saprotrophic Sordariomycetes fungi and of seedling performance, independently of the time between amendment and sowing. In contrast, paper pulp caused a short-term increase in R. solani abundance, coinciding with increased disease severity for beet seedlings sown immediately after amendment. However, damping-off of beetroot was reduced if plants were sown two or four weeks after paper pulp amendment. Cellulolytic bacteria, including Cytophagaceae, responded to paper pulp during the first two weeks and may have counteracted further spread of R. solani. The results showed that fungus-stimulating, cellulose-rich amendments have potential to be used for suppression of R. solani. However, such amendments require a careful consideration of material choice and application strategy.
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Oloriegbe, W. A., and S. O. Agele. "Growth, Yield Attributes and Metabolite Components of Thickhead (Ebolo) (Crassocephalum crepidioides Benth.) as Affected by Soil Amendment." Asian Journal of Biology 19, no. 2 (August 14, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2023/v19i2359.
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A screenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the growth, yield attributes and bioactive components of thickhead (ebolo) as affected by soil amendments. Treatments were soil type (fertile soil and degraded land respectively amended with NPK @300kg/ha (F1), NPK@150kg/ha (F2), Poultry Manure@10t/ha (F3), Poultry Manure @5t/ha (F4), NPK @ 150kg/ha + Poultry Manure @5000t/ha, (F5), NPK @ 75kg/ha + Poultry Manure @ 2500t/ha (F6) and unamended control. Data were collected on soil properties, growth and biomass yields of thickhead and chemical, proximate and bioactive components of leaves. Results showed that soil type and amendment significantly affected growth, yield and bioactive components of thickhead. Growth of thickhead improved significantly for soil collected under fallow vegetation (S1) while application of NPK and poultry manure combination at 0.375g + 12.5g per plant significantly enhanced most of the measured variables of thickhead. Fertilizer amendment of soils enhanced leaf sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium contents, poultry manure amendment improved moisture content and crude protein, while NPK increased significantly leaf ash and fat contents. Post-cropping chemical analysis of treated soils showed increases in pH, organic carbon, nitrogen, organic matter, available P, K, Na, Ca, and Mg of fertilizer-amended soils compare with the unamended. Thickhead (ebolo) can be grown both on fertile and degraded soils, soil amendment using NPK-poultry manure combinations enhanced the growth, yield and nutrition of thickhead and is recommended for its production.
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Su, Jia-Yang, Cheng-Huan Liu, Kimberly Tampus, Ya-Chi Lin, and Cheng-Hua Huang. "Organic Amendment Types Influence Soil Properties, the Soil Bacterial Microbiome, and Tomato Growth." Agronomy 12, no. 5 (May 22, 2022): 1236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051236.
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The overuse of chemical fertilizers deteriorates soil quality, and the application of organic amendments has been proposed as an alternative to mineral fertilizers. This study aimed to investigate the effects of organic amendment types on soil properties, the soil microbiome, and tomato growth. Tomato seedlings were grown in soils applied with ten fertilizer treatments, including a no fertilization control, a chemical fertilization control, and eight organic amendment treatments. Compared with the chemical fertilization treatment, the application of manure compost significantly increased the shoot dry weight of tomato plants. In addition, manure compost and tea seed meal remarkably increased soil organic matter (SOM) in comparison with the no fertilization and chemical fertilization treatments. Moreover, manure compost significantly increased soil-exchangeable K and Mg. The application of neem cake and manure compost significantly increased both bacterial diversity and richness. The relative abundance of Lysinibacillus was significantly positively related to the shoot and total dry weights of tomato plants, and its relative abundance was positively influenced by SOM and soil-exchangeable K. Overall, the manure compost used in this study can increase SOM, soil-exchangeable K and Mg, and the relative abundance of Lysinibacillus, consequently promoting tomato growth.
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Duddigan, Sarah, Paul D. Alexander, Liz J. Shaw, and Chris D. Collins. "Effects of Repeated Application of Organic Soil Amendments on Horticultural Soil Physicochemical Properties, Nitrogen Budget and Yield." Horticulturae 7, no. 10 (October 7, 2021): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7100371.
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Application of organic amendments to soil is commonplace in domestic gardening. However, a vast array of materials could be labelled as ‘compost’ by retailers and suppliers. We investigated six different amendments currently used, or available for use, in horticulture: composted bark, composted bracken, spent mushroom compost, composted horse manure, garden waste compost (at two different application rates), and peat. Using a controlled field experiment, we examined the physicochemical differences between the amendments, the subsequent effects on soil characteristics, and resultant yield and biometrics of Lavatera trimiestris. Amended soils resulted in a significantly different multivariate soil environment and N budget when compared to the unamended control. However, the effect on yield and plant biometrics (number of flowers, plant height, etc.) depended on the amendment used. Application of garden compost resulted in up to a five-fold increase in yield. However, there was no significant difference in yields in soils amended with composted bark or peat, when compared to the unamended control. This has implications, as there is increasing pressure to remove peat from products available to domestic gardeners. The variability in the different amendments investigated in our research, in addition to the variable effects on plant growth parameters, suggests that repeated use of a single amendment may not be best practise for gardeners.
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Fouad, Mohamed R., Ahmed F. El-Aswad, Mohamed E. I. Badawy, and Maher I. Aly. "Effect of soil organic amendments on sorption behavior of two insecticides and two herbicides." Current Chemistry Letters 13, no. 2 (2024): 377–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.ccl.2023.10.007.
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The effect of biochar, compost, peat and wheat straw at 1 and 5% on adsorption isotherm of chlorantraniliprole, dinotefuran, bispyribac-sodium, and metribuzin was studied in clay loam soil and sandy loam soil. Biochar, compost, peat and wheat straw (at a rate of 1 % in soil) improved the adsorption capacity of chlorantraniliprole and metribuzin in sandy loam soil. The sorption coefficients are higher for chlorantraniliprole and metribuzin whereas lower for dinotefuran and bispyribac-sodium in amended soil compared to unamended sandy loam soil. There is not a clear direct correlation between Freundlich parameters as well as Kd or Koc and type of organic amendment. The sorption of all tested pesticides on biochar was increased, whereas on compost was decreased. The order of pesticides sorption in soils and different organic amendments is generally inversely proportional to their aqueous solubilites. Adsorption of chlorantraniliprole increases on the sandy loam soil amendment at the rate of 1% in the following order: peat > compost > biochar > original soil. Also, the magnitude of adsorption on soil A amendment at the rate of 5% can be arranged for dinotefuran in the order; peat > biochar > compost > original soil and for bispyribac-sodium and metribuzin peat = wheat straw > biochar > original soil.
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Worden, Christopher, George Elliott, Bernard Bible, Karl Guillard, and Thomas Morris. "Use of a Food-processing Residual Compost for Salad Green Production on Organic Farms: Soil Response and Crop Yields." HortScience 35, no. 5 (August 2000): 830B—830. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.5.830b.
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A composting facility in New Milford, Conn. (NMF), utilizes food-processing residuals, including spent tea leaves, coffee grounds, cocoa shell and cleanings, wastewater treatment sludge from a food ingredients manufacturing plant, and past-expiration processed vegetable products. Materials are composted in aerated, frequently turned windrows under cover. The range of inputs, combined with time constraints on the composting process, has resulted in a variable, immature compost product with a high rate of microbial activity. Users have expressed concern about potential phytotoxicity or nutrient immobilization from using NMF compost. Therefore, research was conducted to determine the influence of cured and uncured NMF compost amendments on potentially sensitive crops with high nutrient requirements. Arugula (Eruca vesicaria) and green bibb lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were grown on two Connecticut organic farm research sites in 1998 and 1999. Both sites have soils classified as coarse loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, mesic, typic, Dystraudepts. Farms differed in the length of time under organic farm management. One farm has been an organic farm since 1988 and consequently has high soil fertility, while the other was a first-year organic farm in 1998, and had relatively low soil fertility. Three amendment types were applied: cured compost, uncured compost, and organic fertilizer (5N-3P2O5-4K2O). Amendment application rates were estimated to provide a comparable range of plant-available nutrients for the amendments and a control without fertilizer. Compost application rates were 3.4, 6.8, 20.2, 35.8, and 71.7 Mg·ha-1 (dry-weight basis) in 1998 and 11.2, 22.4, 44.8, and 89.6 Mg·ha-1 (dry-weight basis) in 1999. Organic fertilizer application rates were 1.34, 2.68, 5.36, 10.72, and 21.44 Mg·ha-1 in 1998 and 1.34, 2.68, 5.38, and 10.72 Mg·ha-1 in 1999. Soil organic matter and nutrients increased with amendment application rate at both locations. Crop yields increased with amendment rate at the new, lower-fertility farm, but yields did not respond to amendments at the older, higher-fertility farm. Yield differences were minor between the uncured and cured compost treatments at both locations. This indicates that either cured or uncured NMF food-processing residual compost can be successfully used as an organic soil amendment for salad green production.
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Zhang, Yan, Ji Zhao, Hongyuan Wang, and Huancheng Pang. "Pelletized Straw Incorporation in Sandy Soil Increases Soil Aggregate Stability, Soil Carbon, and Nitrogen Stocks." Sustainability 15, no. 9 (April 23, 2023): 7079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15097079.
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In China, increasing the quantity and quality of total carbon and nitrogen stocks in sandy soil used for crop production is an important research issue. Soil amendment with pelletized straw could improve both soil physical structure and fertility in sandy soils, but these aspects remain understudied. The present pot and field experiments examined the dynamic changes in sandy soil water holding capacity, soil bulk density, soil total carbon and nitrogen stocks, and the distribution of water-stable aggregates and soil total carbon stocks related to aggregates across the following treatments: no fertilization (i.e., study control (CK)), normal fertilizer rate (NM), soil amendment at 150 Mg ha−1 (S150), manure amendment at 150 Mg ha−1 (M150), pelletized straw amendment at 75 Mg ha−1 (PS75), and pelletized straw amendment at 150 Mg ha−1 (PS150). The results show that the pelletized straw incorporation significantly increased water holding capacity and decreased soil bulk density. PS150 notably increased the large macroaggregates (>2000 μm) proportion and decreased the ratio of <250 μm aggregate size fractions in comparison with CK, NM, S150, and M150 at 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil depths. Compared with the CK treatment, the bulk soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in the 0–20 cm layers under the PS150 treatment were significantly increased by 85.2% and 302.9%, and in the 20–40 cm layers those increased by 136.4% and 257.1%, respectively. The PS150 treatment resulted in higher soil organic carbon (SOC) and particulate organic carbon content than the CK and PS75 treatments, whereas the PS75 treatment achieved maximum soil inorganic carbon content. The pelletized straw treatment increased the large macroaggregate-associated soil total carbon content at 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil depths. The maximum soil total carbon stocks were in the small macroaggregates (250 < WSA < 2000 μm) rather than in the large macroaggregate and microaggregates under the PS75 and PS150 treatments. Additionally, the pelletized straw and manure amendments increased the yield of silage corn, which was dependent on the increase in soil total carbon and nitrogen content in the macroaggregates, whereas the soil and manure amendments did not facilitate sandy soil aggregation and soil total carbon stock increases. In conclusion, PS150 was found to be the optimal amendment for maintaining sandy soil profile physico-chemical properties through macroaggregate stabilization. These results will be beneficial for arid and semi-arid regions, thus contributing to soil carbon and nitrogen conservation.
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Ozores-Hampton, Monica, Philip A. Stansly, Robert McSorley, and Thomas A. Obreza. "Effects of Long-term Organic Amendments and Soil Solarization on Pepper and Watermelon Growth, Yield, and Soil Fertility." HortScience 40, no. 1 (February 2005): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.1.80.
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Many vegetable growers rely on methyl bromide or other soil fumigants to manage soil pathogens, nematodes, and weeds. Nonchemical alternatives such as solarization and organic amendments are as yet largely unproven, but do offer promise of more sustainable solutions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of long-term organic amendments and soil solarization on soil chemical and physical properties and on growth and yield of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus [Thunb.] Manst.). Main plots consisted of a yearly organic amendment or a nonamendment control. Four subplots of soil sanitation treatments consisted of solarization, methyl bromide, Telone, and nonfumigated. Each subplot was divided into two sub-subplots, one with weed control and one without weed control. Plant biomass was higher in plots with organic amendments than in nonamended plots. There were no differences in marketable pepper and watermelon yields between organic amended and nonamended plots during the 1998-99 and 1999-2000 seasons, respectively. However, higher pepper yields were produced from organic amended plots in the 1999-2000 season. Soil pH and Mehlich 1-extractable P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Cu were higher in organic amended plots than in nonamended control plots. Soil organic matter concentration was 3-fold higher in amended soil than in nonamended soil. Effects of soil sanitation and weed management varied with crop and season. The methyl bromide and Telone treatments produced higher yields than soil solarization. In general, weed control did not affect plant biomass and yield for any of the crops and seasons. The results suggest that annual organic amendment applications to sandy soils can increase plant growth and produce higher or comparable yields with less inorganic nutrient input than standard fertilization programs.
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Liu, Hui Jun, Jing Hui Liu, Jian Yu, and Sheng Tao Xu. "Effects of Soil Amendment on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Oat Field." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 2937–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.2937.
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The effect of different soil amendment (potassium polyacrylate; polyacrylamide;potassium humate; potassium polyacrylate+ potassium humate; polyacrylamide+ potassium humate) on soil physical and chemical properties in oat field was studied. The results showed that different soil amendments increase significantly the soil organic matter, available N, available P and available K content by 8.24%-30.22%, 7.60%-19.29%, 5.15%-29.45% and 27.86%-68.86% respectively. Soil water content at 0-60 cm depth is higher with soil amendment. But soil amendment has no effect on the soil water content at 60-100 cm soil depth. At the same time, soil amendments reduce the soil bulk density at 0-10 cm,10-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm depths, and they produce no obvious effect on soil bulk density at 60-100 cm depth. The proportion of > 0.25 mm soil aggregate at 0-10 cm,10-20 cm and 20-40 cm depth is increased significantly by applying soil amendment. Among five aggregate sizes (> 2 mm; 2-1 mm; 1-0.5 mm; 0.5-0.25 mm; 2 mm and 2-1 mm soil aggregates are the most. In conclusion, the mixing use of two kinds of soil amendments(potassium polyacrylate+ potassium humate and polyacrylamide+ potassium humate) is more effective for improving soil physical and chemical properties.
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García-López, Ana M., Ramiro Recena, and Antonio Delgado. "Soil properties modulate the effect of different carbon amendments on growth and phosphorus uptake by cucumber plant." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 20, no. 1 (March 2022): e1101-e1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2022201-18299.
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Aim of study: Phosphorus (P) is a non-renewable, limited and strategic resource, inefficiently used in agriculture. Organic carbon (C) supply to soil can stimulate microbial activity increasing the mobilization of soil P thus improving its uptake by crops. This work aimed at investigating the effect of different C amendments on P uptake and how may differ depending on soil properties and P fertilization. Area of study: Soils used in this study were collected in SW Spain. Material and methods: An experiment with cucumber was performed involving three factors: (i) C amendment (cellulose, glucose, citric acid and control without amendment), (ii) soil type (Vertisol and Alfisol), and (iii) P supply (unfertilized, and mineral phosphate in form of KH2PO4). Main results: Cellulose or glucose provided the highest P uptake by plants in soils independently of the treatment. Cellulose and glucose addition were effective increasing dry matter (DM) in the Alfisol. Citric acid application decreased development of aerial parts and roots, and P uptake in soils compared with other sources. In the Alfisol, increased P uptake with cellulose was associated to an increased concentration of low molecular weight organic acids, which seemed to be related to microbial activity. Research highlights: Organic amendments affect microbial activity, and P mobilization mechanisms are associated to microorganisms. This explain the improvement of P supply to plants with amendments; these effects, however, are modulated by soil properties and consequently vary depending on soil type.
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Udume, Ogochukwu A., Gideon O. Abu, Herbert O. Stanley, Ijeoma F. Vincent-Akpu, Yusuf Momoh, and Michael O. Eze. "Biostimulation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soil Using Organic and Inorganic Amendments." Plants 12, no. 3 (January 17, 2023): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12030431.
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The most common approaches for the in-situ bioremediation of contaminated sites worldwide are bioaugmentation and biostimulation. Biostimulation has often proved more effective for chronically contaminated sites. This study examined the effectiveness of optimized water hyacinth compost in comparison with other organic and inorganic amendments for the remediation of crude oil-polluted soils. Water hyacinth was found to be rich in nutrients necessary to stimulate microbial growth and activity. An organic geochemical analysis revealed that all amendments in this study increased total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) biodegradation by ≥75% within 56 days, with the greatest biodegradation (93%) occurring in sterilized soil inoculated with optimized water hyacinth compost. This was followed by polluted soil amended with a combination of spent mushroom and water hyacinth composts (SMC + WH), which recorded a TPH biodegradation of 89%. Soil amendment using the inorganic fertilizer NPK (20:10:10) resulted in 86% TPH biodegradation. On the other hand, control samples (natural attenuation) recorded only 4% degradation. A molecular analysis of residual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) showed that the 16 PAHs designated by the US EPA as priority pollutants were either completely or highly degraded in the combined treatment (SMC + WH), indicating the potential of this amendment for the environmental remediation of soils contaminated with recalcitrant organic pollutants.
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Lu, Peina, Tony Yang, Lijun Li, Baoping Zhao, and Jinghui Liu. "Response of oat morphologies, root exudates, and rhizosphere fungal communities to amendments in a saline-alkaline environment." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): e0243301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243301.
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The application of organic amendments to saline-alkaline soil has been recommended as an agricultural strategy to improve crop productivity and soil health. However, there has been limited research on how organic soil amendment strategies affect the health of oats and their associated rhizosphere fungal communities in saline-alkaline conditions. Thus, the objectives of this study were to understand the effects of oat cultivars with contrasting saline-alkaline tolerances and different amendments on plant morphologies, root exudates (soluble sugars and organic acids), and rhizosphere fungal communities in a saline-alkaline environment. Experiments were conducted on a saline-alkaline tolerant cultivar, Baiyan2, and a saline-alkaline sensitive cultivar, Caoyou1, under four different organic amendment strategies: 1. control (no amendment application), 2. bio-fertilizer application, 3. rotten straw application, and 4. a co-application of bio-fertilizer and rotten straw. Results showed that plant morphological characters of Baiyan2 were better than Caoyou1, and that soluble sugar and organic acid levels in the rhizosphere of Baiyan2 were significantly lower than Caoyou1. Compared to the control, oat root and plant development was significantly improved by the combined bio-fertilizer and rotten straw amendment. Bio-fertilizer application promoted malic and citric acid levels, contributing to a higher total organic acid level, and significantly increased the abundance of Rhizopus arrhizus and decreased the abundance of the fungal pathogens Alternaria, Cladosporium, Sarocladium and Heydenia of Ascomycota in both oat cultivars. All amendment treatments containing rotten straw, except the combined amendment in Baiyan2, significantly increased the relative abundance of Ascomycota (specifically Gibberella, Talaromyces, Fusarium, and Bipolaris) and decreased the relative abundance of R. arrhizus by reducing soluble sugar and organic acid levels. For the combined amendment in Baiyan2, there were no significant changes in Gibberella and Rhizopus between the control and amendment treatment. Our results suggest that co-application of bio-fertilizer and rotten straw, combined with a tolerant oat cultivar, is an effective method to increase crop productivity and enhance soil health in a saline-alkaline environment.
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Larney, Francis J., and Denis A. Angers. "The role of organic amendments in soil reclamation: A review." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 92, no. 1 (January 2012): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss2010-064.
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Larney, F. J. and Angers, D. A. 2012. The role of organic amendments in soil reclamation: A review. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 19–38. A basic tenet of sustainable soil management is that current human activities are not detrimental to future generations. Soils are degraded by natural events (erosion) or industrial activity. A prevalent feature of degraded or disturbed soils is lack of organic matter compared with adjacent undisturbed areas. Organic amendments, such as livestock manure, biosolids, pulp and paper mill by-products, wood residuals and crop residues, are produced in abundance in Canada and could be widely used in soil reclamation. Biosolids production is ∼0.5 Tg yr−1(dry wt.); paper mill sludge generated in the province of Quebec was ∼2 Tg (wet wt.) in 2002. This review paper examines mechanisms through which organic amendments affect soil properties (physical, chemical, biological) and describes the role of organic amendments in reclamation, with emphasis on amendment types and application rates for soil amelioration and biomass production. Single large applications of organic amendments can accelerate initial reclamation and lead to self-sustaining net primary productivity. Readily decomposable organic amendments may provide immediate, but transient, effects, whereas stable, less decomposable materials may provide longer-lasting effects. Using organic amendments for reclamation is mutually beneficial wherein waste products from agriculture, forestry and urban areas help other sectors meet their land reclamation goals.
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Branzini, Agustina, and Marta Susana Zubillaga. "Comparative Use of Soil Organic and Inorganic Amendments in Heavy Metals Stabilization." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/721032.
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Remediation strategies are capable to mitigate negative effects of heavy metals (HMs) on soils. The distribution of cooper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and chromium (Cr) was evaluated in a contaminated soil after adding biosolid compost (BC) and phosphate fertilizer (PF). A greenhouse assay and sequential extraction procedure were performed to determine the fractionation of HM in contaminated and remediated soil. In BC treatment, among 4 to 6% of Cu was associated with soil humic substances. Without amendments and with fertilizer application, Zn solubility increased by 15.4 and 8.4%, respectively, with experiment time. Although Cr was significantly adsorbed to the inorganic fraction, with compost application there was a transfer to organic fraction. A single amendment application is not suitable for immobilizing all metals of concern, because there are diverse union’s behaviors between HM and soil matrix. As the organic matter and phosphate fertilizer were effective in reducing mobility of Cu, the organic matter was more effective in the immobilization of Cr, and inorganic amendment induced the Zn precipitation, results from this pilot study suggest a combined use of these two amendments for soil remediation strategies. However, liming may be further needed to prevent soil acidification on longer time scales. Also, we propose the use of chemical and biological remediation strategies for potential improvement of effectiveness.
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Aït Hammi, Kahina, Elías Nieto-Latorre, María D. Ureña-Amate, María M. Socías-Viciana, Hafida Miloudi, and Naoufal Debbagh-Boutarbouch. "Effect of Peat Addition on Sorption and Leaching of Triazole Fungicides in Oran Soils." Journal of Chemistry 2019 (February 20, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9019817.
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In this paper, the authors treat the impact of peat amendment on sorption and leaching of fungicides penconazole and flusilazole in two Algerian topsoil samples (Misserghine and Es-Senia). The batch equilibration technique was applied for adsorption experiments, and leaching was tested through soil column simulated experiments under laboratory conditions. Adsorption data fitted well to the Freundlich and linear models, showing the higher adsorption capacity of the Es-Senia soil for both fungicides, the order of sorption being flusilazole > penconazole. Organic amendments increased the adsorption of both fungicides especially for the soil with the lower organic matter (OM) content, obtaining a good correlation of this parameter withKf,thus implying that OM is the principal soil parameter governing fungicides adsorption. Results of soil column experiments indicated that peat amendment decreased leaching of both pesticides in the soils studied. So, the use of organic addition might be an effective management practice for controlling potential pollution of penconazole and/or flusilazole to the environment.
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Bautista, Inmaculada, Joana Oliver, Antonio Lidón, Jose María Osca, and Neus Sanjuán. "Improving the Chemical Properties of Acid Sulphate Soils from the Casamance River Basin." Land 12, no. 9 (August 29, 2023): 1693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12091693.
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The anoxic conditions produced after the reflooding of acid sulphate soil (ASS) can reduce sulphate and/or Fe(III) with a consequent rise in pH. This study aimed to compare the effect of different amendments on ASS remediation and to analyse the effect on soil pH and exchangeable aluminium. Two mid-term incubation experiments were carried out to analyse the effect of amendments and water management on ASS. Soil samples were taken in the Santak Valley from four agricultural plots. During the first experiment, each soil sample was subject to two water management systems (flooded and non-flooded) and three amendment types (rice straw, manure, and lime). During the second experiment, the flooded condition was performed with three organic amendments (rice straw, manure, and biochar). In the first experiment, the amendments with organic matter (rice straw, and manure) increased the pH more under the flooded conditions, and manure was effective in reducing exchangeable aluminium (Alex) to 45% in the control soil. In the second experiment, all the organic amendments reduced soluble Al, but whereas straw increased soluble Fe, biochar diminished it. The amendment addition increased the soil pH and reduced Alex. The Alex reduction was greater for the stabler organic amendments: manure and biochar.
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Rastogi, Mausmi, Shikhar Verma, Sushant Kumar, Saurabh Bharti, Gaurav Kumar, Kamaran Azam, and Vikash Singh. "Soil Health and Sustainability in the Age of Organic Amendments: A Review." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 10 (September 4, 2023): 2088–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i102870.
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Organic amendments have emerged as a pivotal component in the trajectory of sustainable agriculture, given their multifaceted contributions to soil health, crop yield, and environmental conservation. This comprehensive review delves into the intricacies of organic amendments, spanning their historical context, types, sources, nutrient profiles, and their interplay with soil and plant health. Special emphasis is laid on the integration of modern technological advancements with traditional amendment practices, exploring the synergistic potential of digital agriculture and precision farming in enhancing the efficacy of organic inputs. The review also sheds light on the economic, social, and environmental ramifications, emphasizing the role of organic amendments in smallholder versus large-scale agricultural systems and their influence on farmer resilience and consumer perceptions. Crucially, this review addresses the challenges and limitations inherent in organic amendment practices, including concerns related to quality variation, scalability, over-application, and regulatory nuances. Concomitantly, the work culminates with a forward-looking perspective, highlighting emergent trends and innovations that portend the future of organic amendments in global agriculture. The findings underscore the significance of organic amendments not merely as soil additives but as integral elements in the blueprint for a sustainable, resilient, and food-secure future.
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Jamaludin, Ameelya Farzana, Nur Shuhada Tajudin, Rozilawati Shahari, Che Nurul Aini Che Amri, Mazidah Zulkifli, and Mayzaitul Azwa Jamaludin. "EFFECTIVENES OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZER IN ENHANCING GROWTH OF Ipomoea aquatica (WATER SPINACH) IN TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOIL." Tropical Agrobiodiversity 2, no. 1 (January 3, 2021): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/trab.01.2021.45.50.
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Planting a crop with high productivity and quality while ensuring the continuity of good soil quality and environmental sustainability is important. With the changes of climate and extensive anthropogenic activities, soil had become undesirable for crops planting. However, various measures can be done to improve this such as applying suitable types of fertilizer and soil amendments besides monitoring the quality of soil continuously. Fertilizer application in a way is helpful in providing essential nutrients needed by the plant while soil organic amendment able to improve its quality through biotic and physical changes. In this study, different combination of treatments was applied in two different types of soil to observe its effect on morphological growth of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica), soil pH, and total organic carbon (TOC) in soil. Field experiment was conducted at Glasshouse Nursery Complex (GNC), International University Malaysia for five weeks. Combination of treatments consist of control (T1), biochar (T2), chicken manure (T3), combination of biochar and chicken manure (T4), and combination of biochar, chicken manure, and NPK fertilizer (T5). Two types of soil that were used in this study which are normal topsoil and oxisols type of soils. Results showed that the T5 were observed to have the highest average of plant grown in both normal top soil and oxisols soil. The pH of both soils treated with biochar and organic manure increased compared to control which reflect a positive effect towards nutrient availability for plant. Total organic carbon content also showed an increased trend with soil amendment and fertilizer applications. Hence, in overall growth of Ipomoea aquatica improved with application of fertilizer and organic amendments.
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Hao, Jianjun, and Katherine Ashley. "Irreplaceable Role of Amendment-Based Strategies to Enhance Soil Health and Disease Suppression in Potato Production." Microorganisms 9, no. 8 (August 3, 2021): 1660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081660.
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Soilborne diseases are a major constraining factor to soil health and plant health in potato production. In the toolbox of crop management, soil amendments have shown benefits to control these diseases and improve soil quality. Most amendments provide nutrients to plants and suppress multiple soilborne pathogens. Soil amendments are naturally derived materials and products and can be classified into fresh or living plants, organic or inorganic matters, and microbial supplements. Fresh plants have unique functions and continuously exude chemicals to interact with soil microbes. Organic and inorganic matter contain high levels of nutrients, including nitrogen and carbon that plants and soil microorganisms need. Soil microorganisms, whether being artificially added or indigenously existing, are a key factor in plant health. Microbial communities can be considered as a biological reactor in an ecosystem, which suppress soilborne pathogens in various mechanisms and turn soil organic matter into absorbable forms for plants, regardless of amendment types. Therefore, soil amendments serve as an energy input, nutrient source, and a driving force of microbial activities. Advanced technologies, such as microbiome analyses, make it possible to analyze soil microbial communities and soil health. As research advances on mechanisms and functions, amendment-based strategies will play an important role in enhancing soil health and disease suppression for better potato production.
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Khongwar, Aibapynsuk, and Manoj Dutta. "Effect of surface soil removal and organic amendment on yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 17, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/17.1/54-58.
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An experiment was conducted to study the effect of surface soil removal and organic amendment on sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) during Kharif 2018 in the experimental field of Soil and Water Conservation department, School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Nagaland University, Medziphema campus. A split plot with three replications was designed. Surface soil removal of 0, 5 and 10 cm designated as D0, D1 and D2 were carried out, respectively. The addition of different organic amendments was adopted viz., O0- control, O1- vermicompost @ 3 tonnes ha-1, O2- poultry litter @ 3 tonnes ha-1 and O3- pig manure @ 3 tonnes ha-1. Seed yield was found to be significantly higher under D0 (0.414 t ha-1) whereas, D2 recorded the lowest yield (0.380t ha-1). Application of poultry manure as amendment gave significantly high seed yield (0.431 t ha-1) and lowest yield was reported in O0 (0.356 t ha-1). The interaction between surface soil removal and organic amendment showed the highest yield with D0O2 (0.44 t ha-1) and lowest with D2O0 (0.34 t ha-1). Hence, application of organic amendments in areas where surface soil removal was done helped to improve the growth and yield of sesame.
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Karbout, Nissaf, Houda Beser, Latifa Dhaouidi, Mohamad Wahba, and Mohamed Moussa. "Evolution of nitrogen mineralization dynamics and bean production with three different organic amendments in the arid soil of south Tunisia." Italus Hortus 28, no. 1 (May 13, 2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26353/j.itahort/2021.1.7487.
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Although the importance of organic amendments on arid soils of semi-arid and arid lands in improving long-term soil fertility, the excessive use of these amendments may induce the mineralization of the soil’s native organic components. Thus, this study focused on the examination of the impact of the use of three different amendments, sewage sludge, compost, and horse manure on nitrogen soil dynamics as well on the physico-chemical characteristics (soil texture, nitrogen cycle, and carbon concentration) and plant characteristics (morphology and production). In this context, the present work discusses one of the major issues challenging sustainable agriculture development related to increasing land degradation, soil salinization, and fertility loss. The three amendments were applied on the soil collected at the Institute of Arid Regions of Gabes. The findings of these experimental trials indicated that compost seems to be the most valuable organic amendment that may be used for an adequate supply of nitrogen and optimal benefits for plant growth. The highest mineral nitrogen content was found in the treatment with sludge. The manure-based treatment had the highest carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N=25). The effects of the amendments were well reflected in the growth and production of bean plants after one year from the amendment. An increase in biomass was observed in the amended pots. The highest increase in pods biomass was obtained in the pots amended with sewage sludge and vegetable compost followed by household manure treatment
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Al-Toobi, Manar, Rhonda R. Janke, Muhammad Mumtaz Khan, Mushtaque Ahmed, Waleed M. Al-Busaidi, and Abdul Rehman. "Silica and Biochar Amendments Improve Cucumber Growth under Saline Conditions." Soil Systems 7, no. 1 (March 12, 2023): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems7010026.
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Rapidly increasing salinization of arable land is a major threat to crop production globally, and the soil of regions with arid environments, such as Oman, are more prone to this menace. In this work, two complementary studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of soil amendments on soil physicochemical properties and growth of cucumber seedlings. In the first study, high- and low-saline soils were used with or without perlite. The amendments tested included mango wood biochar, silica, and biochar + silica, while no amendment was taken as the control. The second study included two cucumber cultivars and irrigation water with two salinity treatments, along with the same four soil amendments. The results showed that soil amendment with biochar alone or with silica enhanced the soil organic matter and NO3, P, and K concentration, while silica amendment substantially enhanced the soil Si level in both studies. Saline soil and irrigation water inhibited seedling emergence and plant growth in both experiments. However, the addition of biochar and silica alone or in combination increased the cucumber seedling dry weight from 39.5 to 77.3% under salt stress compared to the control. Likewise, silica and biochar + silica reduced the sap Na accumulation by 29–31.1% under high salinity. Application of biochar under high salinity resulted in 87.2% increase in sap K. Soil amendments with biochar and silica or their combination have the potential to reduce the adverse effect of salt stress on cucumber.
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Mamy, Laure, Christian Mougin, Pierre Benoit, Sabine Houot, Agathe Brault, Nathalie Cheviron, Ghislaine Delarue, Valérie Dumeny, and Laure Vieublé-Gonod. "Effect of Multiple Stresses, Organic Amendment and Compaction, on the Fate and Impact of Isoproturon in Soil." Environments 7, no. 10 (September 29, 2020): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments7100079.
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Organic matter decline and compaction are two major processes of soil degradation. Organic amendment is a current practice to compensate the loss of organic matter, which could in addition contribute to increase soil aggregate stability and limit compaction. Therefore, the objective of this work was to study the effect of multiple physico-chemical stresses, organic amendment (compost of sewage sludge and green waste) addition and soil compaction, on the fate and impact (measured through the urease enzyme activity) of isoproturon. Compost addition and compaction did not significantly affect the fate and impact of isoproturon. The lack of effect of compost can be due to the delay between soil sampling and soil amendment. Compaction had no effect probably because the porosity reduction does not affect the habitable pore space accessible to degrading microorganisms. Nevertheless, isoproturon significantly increased the urease enzyme activity in compacted and not compacted unamended soils contrary to the amended ones. It seems that the organic amendment could act as a buffer with regards to the impact of isoproturon. The results obtained in this work suggest that, in general, the fate and impact of isoproturon in soils will not change following compaction and/or organic amendment addition, neither the corresponding risks for the environment.
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Clark, G. J., P. W. G. Sale, and C. Tang. "Organic amendments initiate the formation and stabilisation of macroaggregates in a high clay sodic soil." Soil Research 47, no. 8 (2009): 770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr09119.
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Subsoil constraints present a substantial problem for crop production in many agricultural regions. In particular, soils in temperate grain production areas of Australia are often poorly structured due to high content of sodic clay. An alternative to the standard practice of addition of gypsum is to incorporate organic amendments deep into the subsoil. An incubation experiment was performed for 174 days using several organic amendments. These consisted of wheat shoots, lucerne pellets, canola and chickpea stubbles, chicken manure, peat, and sawdust. Gypsum, an inorganic amendment commonly applied to sodic soil, was included for comparison. The change over 174 days in soil structural properties was measured using wet-sieving. Formation of slaking-resistant macroaggregates >2 mm was most rapid with ‘green plant material’, wheat and lucerne, while the ‘stubbles’ were markedly slower in obtaining the equivalent level of aggregation. However, the largest growth in aggregates after day 56 was shown by the ‘stubble’ and chicken manure amended soils. The gypsum amendment was not capable of forming large, slaking-resistant aggregates >2 mm; this may be attributed to the inability of gypsum to stimulate soil biological processes. Peat and sawdust failed to initiate slaking-resistant macroaggregates. The study demonstrated that a variety of organic amendments have the ability to improve the physical fertility of sodic subsoil, and in the case of the green plant materials within 1 week of incubation.
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Bonilla, Nuria, Carmen Vida, Maira Martínez-Alonso, Blanca B. Landa, Nuria Gaju, Francisco M. Cazorla, and Antonio de Vicente. "Organic Amendments to Avocado Crops Induce Suppressiveness and Influence the Composition and Activity of Soil Microbial Communities." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 10 (March 13, 2015): 3405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03787-14.
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ABSTRACTOne of the main avocado diseases in southern Spain is white root rot caused by the fungusRosellinia necatrixPrill. The use of organic soil amendments to enhance the suppressiveness of natural soil is an inviting approach that has successfully controlled other soilborne pathogens. This study tested the suppressive capacity of different organic amendments againstR. necatrixand analyzed their effects on soil microbial communities and enzymatic activities. Two-year-old avocado trees were grown in soil treated with composted organic amendments and then used for inoculation assays. All of the organic treatments reduced disease development in comparison to unamended control soil, especially yard waste (YW) and almond shells (AS). The YW had a strong effect on microbial communities in bulk soil and produced larger population levels and diversity, higher hydrolytic activity and strong changes in the bacterial community composition of bulk soil, suggesting a mechanism of general suppression. Amendment with AS induced more subtle changes in bacterial community composition and specific enzymatic activities, with the strongest effects observed in the rhizosphere. Even if the effect was not strong, the changes caused by AS in bulk soil microbiota were related to the direct inhibition ofR. necatrixby this amendment, most likely being connected to specific populations able to recolonize conducive soil after pasteurization. All of the organic amendments assayed in this study were able to suppress white root rot, although their suppressiveness appears to be mediated differentially.
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Schefe, C. R., A. F. Patti, T. S. Clune, and W. R. Jackson. "Organic amendment addition enhances phosphate fertiliser uptake and wheat growth in an acid soil." Soil Research 46, no. 8 (2008): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr08035.
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The effect of 2 organic amendments (lignite and compost) on wheat growth and phosphate fertiliser efficiency (triple superphosphate, TSP; di-ammonium phosphate, DAP) in an acid soil was investigated in a glasshouse experiment. Organic amendments were incorporated into the top 40 mm of soil at rates resulting in a 1% and 2.5% increase in soil C, and fertilisers were banded within the seed row at rates equivalent to 5, 10, and 25 kg P/ha. When no P was applied, addition of both organic amendments increased shoot height, with greatest growth recorded in the compost-amended treatments. Addition of organic amendments and P fertiliser resulted in additive effects, with increased shoot height, tiller number, and shoot dry matter (DM) in both the lignite- and compost-amended soils with fertiliser addition. The addition of 1% C resulted in plant growth equal to that measured at a higher rate of addition (2.5% C), resulting in a higher relative efficiency of application. Tissue P uptake was significantly increased when soil amendment was combined with 25 kg P/ha DAP addition. Significant differences in nutrient uptake were also measured for other important plant nutrients. As the addition of organic amendments resulted in increased DM compared with untreated soil per unit of P fertiliser applied, it is feasible that this growth response may translate into increased yield. However, further study is required to define the agronomic and economic feasibility of broad-scale application of such amendments for production gains.
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Osu, S. R., N. U. Ndaeyo, and G. E. Udofia. "Effect of soil amendments on leaf pigmentation and N status in cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz) grown in crude oil contaminated soil." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 12 (February 16, 2021): 2113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i12.17.
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Growth studies on TMS 30572, NR8082 and Local cassava cultivars grown on previously crude oil polluted soil were conducted to assess effects of oil palm bunch ash (OPBA), dried poultry manure (DPM) on Leaf pigmentation and N2 status of test crops. In addition, physical and chemical properties of soils were determined. The pH was raised from 5.62±1.50 in control soil to values that ranged between 6.97±1.23 to 9.24±1.89 in soil treated with organic amendment. The result of organic amendment ensures reduction of C: N ratio from 50:1 in control to critical threshold that ranged between 8:1 – 10:1 for improved decomposition and soil quality. SPAD measurement revealed no significance (P≤ 0.05) in readings for both treatments and control experiments. However, the interactive effect of both cassava variety and type of amendments were significant. Cultivar TMS 30572 was found to be brought to high productivity under treatment with combined OPBA + DPM and recorded highest chlorophyll content per unit area of leaf surface with Chl. a/Chl.b ratio of 2.13 and thicker leaf blade. While Leaf chlorophyll is directly associated with the efficiency and capacity of the photosynthetic apparatus and hence chlorophyll content in this study was found to be directly related to good health status of the test crops. Results revealed that quality of crude oil contaminated soil was greatly enhanced by organic amendment.
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Bona, Daniela, Andrea Cristoforetti, Roberto Zanzotti, Daniela Bertoldi, Nicole Dellai, and Silvia Silvestri. "Matured Manure and Compost from the Organic Fraction of Solid Waste Digestate Application in Intensive Apple Orchards." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 23, 2022): 15512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315512.
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In intensive fruit growing systems, the recovery and maintenance of soil fertility play a crucial role in both environmental protection and sustainable support to plant productivity. The circular economy approach adopted at the EU level strongly promotes the use of organic products instead of mineral fertilizers. This work focuses on two different soil improvers, compost from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste digestate (CO) and “matured” manure, produced after a fast and controlled aerobic treatment in an aerated pile (MM), which were applied in three apple orchards with different soil tillage. The soil improvers have been characterized for amendment and fertilizing properties. After the amendment, the soils were sampled twice a year (Spring and Autumn) for three years. Each sample has been characterized for texture, pH, cation exchange capacity, nutrients, soil organic matter, and micronutrients. The amendments obtained differed on C, N, P, and K contents, but had similar biological stability. The main effects on soils were the increasing of N and soil organic matter after compost application, while the use of matured manure mainly act on available P and exchangeable K. The treatments showed significant effects among fields with a linear increasing trend only for compost. Matured manure showed more effects in earlier times. The data collected aim to improve the knowledge about sustainable management of soil organic matter and organic nutrients in intensive fruit-growing agriculture by using local products.
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Chathurika, J. A. S., D. Kumaragamage, S. P. Indraratne, and W. S. Dandeniya. "Improving soil carbon pool, soil fertility and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in low-fertile tropical Alfisols by combining fertilizers with slow-decomposing organic amendments." Journal of Agricultural Science 157, no. 1 (January 2019): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859619000327.
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AbstractAmendment of recalcitrant organic materials with high carbon/nitrogen (C/N)-ratio may improve and maintain soil labile C for a longer period, thus enhancing the productivity of soils with low fertility; however, immobilization of N may affect the plant growth negatively. To reduce the negative impacts, recalcitrant organic materials can be pre-incubated with N-rich sources or applied in combination with fertilizers. The current study evaluated sawdust biochar (BC) and pre-incubated cattle manure–sawdust mixture (CS) amendments with synthetic fertilizers in improving soil carbon pool, soil fertility and maize (Zea mays L.) yield on a tropical Alfisol. Four treatments: control, site-specific fertilizer (SSF), site-specific fertilizer with sawdust biochar (BC + SSF) or pre-incubated cattle manure-sawdust mixture (CS + SSF), were evaluated for two seasons with maize. The residual effect was evaluated in the third season. During the year of active C application, lability index, C management index and potentially mineralizable N were significantly greater in CS + SSF than BC + SSF treatment. However, the same indices measured in the third season with no further application of amendments were significantly greater in BC + SSF than in CS + SSF treatment, indicating an increase in more recalcitrant C pool with BC amendment. Application of organic amendments improved soil fertility parameters compared with the application of fertilizer alone. Maize yield was significantly increased by fertilizer, with or without organic amendments; with significantly greater yield in BC + SSF than other treatments. Results suggest that soil amendment with BC had greater potential to improve the soil carbon pool and maintain labile carbon for a longer period than a pre-incubated CS.
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Oueriemmi, Houda, Petra Kidd, Carmen Trasar-Cepeda, Beatriz Rodríguez-Garrido, Rahma Zoghlami, Kaouther Ardhaoui, Ángeles Prieto-Fernández, and Mohamed Moussa. "Evaluation of Composted Organic Wastes and Farmyard Manure for Improving Fertility of Poor Sandy Soils in Arid Regions." Agriculture 11, no. 5 (May 4, 2021): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11050415.
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Farmyard manure, an amendment traditionally used for improving the fertility of sandy soils in arid climates, is becoming scarce and expensive. Its shortage makes it necessary to evaluate, at field scale, the suitability and medium-term performance of other cheap, highly available substitutes. A field trial was established to analyze the effects of a single application of three organic residues on barley yield and nutrient uptake and selected soil properties after two consecutive harvests. Municipal solid waste compost (MSWC), sewage sludge compost (SSC) and farmyard manure (FYM) were tested at rates of 0, 20, 40 and 60 t ha−1. Adding all three organic amendments increased organic matter, cation exchange capacity and available P, Ca, Mg and K in the soil, the grain yield (up to 51%), and the barley plants’ nutrient contents. After the second harvest, a positive residual effect of the amendment was observed in plant yield (up to 77%) and nutrient contents. MSWC and SSC induced slight increases on the extractable fractions (BCR protocol) of Co, Cu and Ni, relative to the unamended soil. The results demonstrate the positive immediate and residual effect of the amendments evaluated as fertilizers for agricultural purposes.