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Bright, Angela. "Organic amendment of soil to combat root pathogens /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16752.pdf.
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Layman, Rachel Montgomery. "Rehabilitation of Severely Compacted Urban Soil to Improve Tree Establishment and Growth." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76910.
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Land development restricts tree growth by damaging soil structure and removing organic matter. Mechanical loosening and organic amendment may improve soil physical properties and tree establishment and growth. Effects of typical post-construction practice and improved methods of soil restoration on tree growth and soil properties were evaluated over two years. Treatments included undisturbed soil (UN); minimum effort (ME) (10 cm topsoil); enhanced topsoil (ET) (ME + rototilling); and profile rebuilding (PR) (compost, subsoiling, topsoil and rototilling). Pretreatment included removing topsoil and compacting subsoil to 1.95 g/cm3 bulk density. Acer rubrum L. (red maple), Quercus bicolor Willd. (swamp white oak), Ulmus 'Morton' (Ulmus japonica (Rehd.) Sarg. x Ulmus wilsoniana Schneid.) (Accolade® elm), Prunus 'First Lady' (Prunus xincam x Prunus campanulata) L. and Quercus macrocarpa Michx. (bur oak) were planted in each plot. The PR treatment reduced soil bulk density at 15-20 cm depth and increased soil C/N ratio, pH, and CEC. Mean canopy projection and cross-sectional trunk area in PR plots ranged from 32% to 226% and 16% to 71% greater, respectively, than those in ME plots. PR treatment increased Q. bicolor photosynthesis rates. Greater root presence was observed in deeper soil layers of ET and PR treatments for A. rubrum and of UN and PR for Q. bicolor; root distribution was not measured for other species. Rehabilitation improved soil physical properties and tree growth after two years. Species variation in growth rate and environmental tolerance appeared to influence early growth treatment effects. Long-term data is needed to fully understand effects of soil rehabilitation.Master of Science
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Christel, Dana Mae. "The Use Of Bokashi As A Soil Fertility Amendment In Organic Spinach Cultivation." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/678.
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Soil fertility management presents the organic farmer with assorted challenges. Organic farmers generally don't follow the typical nutrient prescription approach for fertilizing crops as their conventional counterparts do, having to respond to criteria established by the USDA National Organic Program (NOP). Instead they aim towards improving the organic matter and biological activity of soil. Often this is achieved through the use of composts, either made on farm or purchased. Yet, composting presents challenges to the farmer too, requiring considerable land base, specialized equipment, and attention to various parameters to ensure compost meets NOP standards. There are alternatives to composts that are less explored in our agricultural system; one of them is bokashi. Bokashi is produced by the fermentation of organic materials with a microbial inoculant. The concept of bokashi has East Asia origins, but has been adopted in farming communities throughout the world and is gaining recent attention in countries like the United States as a way to quickly and efficiently transform food and kitchen wastes into an effective soil fertilizer. Little is known about the characteristics and capabilities of bokashi as a soil fertility amendment. The goal of this project was to compare the use of bokashi made from food waste and Effective Microorganisms® inoculum to thermophilic compost and vermicompost as soil fertility amendments to grow spinach in greenhouse and field environments.
The greenhouse experiment showed that bokashi (B) treatments had different fertility characteristics than thermophilic compost (TC), vermicompost (V) and control treatments, especially in terms of redox reactive nutrients NO3--N -, Mn, and Fe, which is attributed to the anaerobic process used in its production. B treatments were characterized by initial high concentrations of NH4+, Mn and Fe, while V treatments were characterized by high initial NO3--N - . However, by the conclusion of the experiment, NO3--N - concentrations were greatest in B treatments, and V treatments had concentrations similar to control levels. Aboveground plant height and biomass of spinach in V and B treatments was greater than the control. This experiment suggested that B had a comparable performance to V in terms of nutrient supply and spinach growth. The field trial showed similar effects of B applications on N speciation and Mn and Fe concentrations as observed in the greenhouse experiment. Spinach from B treatments had significantly greater foliar concentrations of N, K, Mn, and Zn, as well as a significantly greater marketable yield than all other treatments at the second cutting of spinach (p<0.05). The field trial indicated that EM bokashi made from food waste may be a suitable supplemental or alternative soil fertility amendment in organic vegetable production systems. In both greenhouse and field trials, the soil microbial community in B treatments had a carbon substrate utilization pattern unique from all other treatments on the basis of principal coordinate analysis. These data suggest that bokashi applications affect the functional diversity of the soil microbial community.
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Noble, Helen Louise. "The effect of organic amendment on the environmental fate of pharmaceuticals in soil." Thesis, University of York, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.519838.
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Bendfeldt, Eric S. "Dynamics and Characterization of Soil Organic Matter on Mine Soils 16 Years after Amendment with Topsoil, Sawdust, and Sewage Sludge." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35805.
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The present state and future prospect of the world's soil resources has prompted scientists and researchers to address the issue of soil quality and sustainable land management. Soil quality research has focused on intensively-managed agricultural and forest soils, but the concept and importance of soil quality is also pertinent to disturbed systems such as reclaimed mine soils. The restoration of soil function and mine soil quality is essential to long-term ecosystem stability. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine the comparative ability of topsoil, sawdust, and sewage sludge amendments, after 16 years, to positively affect mine soil quality using the following key soil quality variables: organic matter content, aggregate stability, and mineralizable nitrogen, (ii) to determine the effects of these key soil quality variables on plant productivity, and (iii) to determine the comparative ability of trees and herbaceous plants to persist and to conserve or maintain mine soil quality. In 1982, a mined site was amended with seven different surface treatments: a fertilized control (2:1 sandstone:siltstone), 30 cm of native soil + 7.8 Mg ha-1 lime, 112 Mg ha-1 sawdust, and municipal sewage sludge (SS) at rates of 22, 56, 112, and 224 Mg ha-1. Four replicates of each treatment were installed as a randomized complete block design. Whole plots were split according to vegetation type: pitch x loblolly pine hybrid (Pinus rigida x taeda) trees and Kentucky-31 tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Soil analyses of composite samples for 1982, 1987, and 1998 were evaluated for changing levels of mine soil quality. The positive effect of these organic amendments on organic matter content, total nitrogen, and other soil parameters was most apparent and pronounced after 5 growing seasons. However, after 16 years, soil organic matter content and total nitrogen appear to be equilibrating at about 4.3 and 1.5%. There was a significant difference in organic matter content and nitrogen mineralization potential between vegetation types. Organic matter inputs by vegetation alone over the 16-yr period in the control plots resulted in organic matter and nitrogen mineralization potential values comparable to levels in the organically amended plots. The results suggest that about 15 years is needed for climate, moisture availability, and other edaphic features to have the same influence on overall organic matter decomposition, N accretion, organic nitrogen mineralization levels, system equilibrium, and overall mine soil quality as a one-time 100-Mg ha-1 application of organic amendment. Tree volume and biomass were measured as indices of the effects of organic matter content 16 years after initial amendment. Individual tree volumes of the sawdust, 22, 56, and 112 Mg ha -1 SS treatments retained 18 to 26% more volume than the control, respectively. Overall, fescue production was the same among treatments. Organic amendments improved initial soil fertility for fescue establishment, but it appears that they will have little or no long-lasting effect on plant productivity.Master of Science
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Merritt, Karen A. "Early Stage Humification During Amendment Decomposition and its Influence on Cu-Binding Capacity of Dissolved Organic Carbon." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MerrittKA2002.pdf.
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Austin, Peter Dalton. "An Evaluation Of Vermicompost As A Fast-Acting Nitrogen Amendment To Mitigate Nitrogen Deficiencies In Organic Vegetable Production." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2015. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/505.
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For sustained production, organic agriculture depends on plant needs being synchronized with the release of nutrients from organic amendments during decomposition within the soil. Because decomposition is strongly dependent on soil moisture and temperature, nutrient needs may not always be met as planned or synchronous with plant need. Unlike conventional agriculture, fast acting amendments are not readily available. Much of the evidence that vermicompost benefits crop production comes from studies on seed germination and production of starts in greenhouses. Yet, there is a dearth of information derived from field studies. Soil, soil and water nitrogen, plant development, and marketable yield were investigated by implementing field plot trials with both starts grown in greenhouses (Experiment 1) and directly seeded (Experiment 2) crops to test hypotheses on fertility, economics and environmental impacts.
Results from Experiment 1 showed that plant production was dramatically increased both in the greenhouse as well as subsequently in the field for vermicompost treatments and directly correlates to economic differences. Results from Experiment 2 show that plant production differences between compost treatments vary by site. There was no significant difference in soil and soil water NO3-N, NH4-N and Total Inorganic Nitrogen (TIN) among treatments, site or experiment. The timely rate of plant development in greenhouse started VC treatments shows great potential to be the first to market with fresh produce when other treatments are still waiting to transplant.
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Fajardo, Gabriela Isabel. "Physical and Chemical Soil Properties of Ten Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) Mitigation Wetlands." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31304.
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In 1998, the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) adopted standards for soil handling and amendments to improve created non-tidal wetland soil conditions. This study was conducted in sites where these new reconstruction practices were supposedly being implemented. Specific objectives were (i) to determine the relative effects of soil reconstruction practices on mitigation site soils, (ii) to assess the degree to which hydric soil indicators were present, and (iii) to evaluate the relative edaphic potential of mitigation site soils. Soil physical, chemical and morphological properties were analyzed in ten mitigation wetlands located in Virginiaâ s Piedmont and Coastal Plain. Surface soil pH was high due to liming, although some sites demonstrated low subsoil pH, indicating the presence of sulfidic materials. Nutrient levels varied, while C:N ratios were low (<25:1), suggesting a high quality organic matter complex. Organic amendments were generally applied at a rate of 4% soil organic matter content. Actual measured carbon content was <2.6% (<50 Mg ha-1). Sites not receiving organic materials and associated tillage had root-limiting bulk densities at the surface, while the majority of sites had root-limiting subsoil (30 cm) bulk densities due to weakly developed soil structure and a lack of deep ripping practices. Many sites also contained high sand content (>50%), which may negatively affect other soil properties. Nine sites had confirmed Hydric Soil Indicators, with their occurrence in a site as high as 70%. Soil reconstruction methods need to incorporate higher organic amendment rates and/or routine disking/ripping practices to improve mitigation wetland soil conditions.Master of Science
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Kane, David. "Evaluating phosphorus availability in soils receiving organic amendment application using the Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) technique." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2013. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8001.
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Phosphorus is a resource in finite supply. Use of organic amendments in agriculture can be a sustainable alternative to inorganic P, provided it can meet crop requirements. However a lack of consistent knowledge of plant P availability following application of organic amendments, limits its potential. Studies suggest chemical extraction procedures, may not reflect plant available P. The Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) technique is based on natural diffusion of P via a hydrogel and sorption to a ferrihydrite binding layer; which should accurately represent soil P (CDGT) in a plant available form. The aim of this research was to evaluate changes in soil P availability, following the addition of organic amendments, cattle farmyard manure (FYM), green waste compost (GW), cattle slurry (SLRY) and superphosphate (SP) using Olsen P and DGT. The research included incubation, and glasshouse studies, using ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Soils with a history of application of the aforementioned organic amendments were used (Gleadthorpe), as well as a soil deficient in P (Kincraigie). The hypotheses were as follows H1 A build-up of P available by diffusive supply, from historic treatment additions and subsequent availability from fresh treatment additions will be demonstrated by DGT. H2 Historical treatment additions are more important at determining yield and P uptake than fresh additions. H3 DGT can detect changes in P available by diffusive supply following addition of different treatments and subsequently following lysis of microbial cells on a soil deficient in P. H4 DGT will provide a more accurate indication of plant P availability than organic amendments in a soil deficient in P. H5 P measurements using DGT will be lower from organic amendments than superphosphate.H6 DIFS simulations of soil kinetic parameters will provide additional information about how treatments influence P resupply from solid phase to solution following DGT deployment. Cont/d.
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Abdullahi, Yusuf Ahmed. "Optimisation of anaerobic digestion of organic solid waste for the production of quality compost for soil amendment." Thesis, Abertay University, 2008. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/f694b161-4d15-4585-8018-64a7cf714480.
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Organic Fractions of Municipal Solid waste (OFMSW) is rich in organic matter, which can be recycled through energy recovery and compost production. The move towards sustainable management of OFMSW is shifting from energy recovery alone to the integration of separation at source, feedstock selection and disposal/reuse of the residuals. The sustainable management of OFMSW presents a challenge due to policy shifts and increasing pressure on landfills. This research was proposed in this background to establish a suitable feedstock combination of source separated wastes for biogas and compost production. Little information is available on factors affecting the combined anaerobic/aerobic treatment of source separated OFMSW and the soil enhancing qualities of the resulting post treated digestate (anaerobic digestate compost). This study investigated suitability of laboratory simulated feedstock for biogas and compost production and the impacts of the compost produced on physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. The study was carried out in five stages. The first stage investigated the natural buffering capacity, biogas production and degradability of various proportions of food and green wastes in anaerobic cultures. The studies showed that a waste mixture of food waste: green waste: inoculum in the ratio 2 :2:1 as optimal for biogas production, volatile solids destruction and pH stability. The study also showed that the choice of waste mixture can be useful for pH control during anaerobic digestion of OFMSW. The second stage, investigated the factors affecting aerobic post-treatment of the anaerobic digestate obtained from the first stage. Results showed increasing solids concentration and decreasing C:N ratio with increasing aerobic treatment. Generally, the results (TS, TVS, C: N) suggest increasing digestate stability with increasing aerobic post treatment. The third stage investigated the quality and stability of the post- anaerobically treated digestate using seed germination and plant growth tests. Results showed that non-digested model feedstock and anaerobic digestates collected at various times during anaerobic digestion showed low seed germination index. On the other hand digestates collected during aerobic post-treatment showed higher seed germination indexes with increasing aeration times. No seed germination inhibition (phytotoxicity) was observed in soils amended with aerobically posttreated digestate. Generally the results indicate increased digestates stability with increasing duration and intensity of anaerobic-aerobic treatments. The fourth stage investigated the soil enhancing qualities of anaerobic digestate and aerobically post-treated digestate. Results obtained showed that anaerobic digestate is not suitable soil for amendment of arable soils. However, post aerobically treated digestate (i.e. anaerobic digestate compost) improved the physical, chemical and biological qualities of amended soils. Soil analyses showed that the anaerobic digestate compost amendment improved water retention, water infiltration, carbon mineralization and assimilation and significantly increased the soil biomass and bioactivity. Plant growth tests showed that the anaerobic digestate compost significantly increased plant heights, number o f leaves and dry matter contents. In the final stage microbial diversity was investigated in anaerobic digestate compost amended soils. The study revealed significant changes in the diversity of soil microbial populations. The results suggest greater variations in fungi indicating that anaerobic digestate compost amendments have greater impacts on soil fungal populations than bacterial communities. In general, this study demonstrated that depending on the raw waste composition and the nature and duration of biological treatment received, OFMSW could be associated with high biogas yield, soil fertility and productivity and can bring about changes in dynamics of soil populations and functions. Whilst the study indicates the suitability of anaerobic digestate compost for soil management applications, the holistic approach employed in this study if applied on a larger scale could lead to sustainability in management of OFMSW.
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You, Rui. "The occurrence of contaminants in crops grown under organic soil amendments and peri-urban soils: phytotoxicity and human health implications." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671348.
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L’agricultura moderna ha estat buscant contínuament mètodes efectius per satisfer la demanda d’aliments que augmenta exponencialment a nivell mundial. L’aplicació de residus orgànics com a fertilitzants o esmenes de sòl és una mesura molt utilitzada, ja que subministra nutrients de manera eficient i ràpida als cultius. De fet, des de 2015, la Comissió Europea ha proposat un pla d’economia circular que fomenta la utilització de biosòlids. No obstant això, la presència d’una àmplia gamma de contaminants com elements traça (ET), contaminants orgànics i contaminants emergents com antibiòtics (AB) i gens de resistència a antibiòtics (ARG), ha estat descrita en alguns fertilitzants orgànics. Les verdures poden incorporar els contaminants procedents de sòls fertilitzats amb residus orgànics, suposant així una amenaça per a la salut humana. Per aquesta raó, és necessària l’avaluació dels riscos que pot provocar la utilització d’aquests residus orgànics.
Els fertilitzants orgànics més emprats són les deixalles d’origen animal (fems), el compost (fonts vegetals o deixalles d’aliments) i les deixalles urbanes (llots de depuradora i residus domèstics). Actualment, no existeix cap estudi que avaluï la incorporació dels ET i AB per part de les plantes amb aquests tres tipus de fertilitzants orgànics, ni tampoc l’impacte de l’aplicació repetida de fertilitzants orgànics sobre les mateixes parcel·les. A més, aquesta aplicació repetida de llots de depuradora podria resultar en l’acumulació de Zn i Cu als sòls agrícoles, i la seva presència influiria en la incorporació d’altres contaminants.
Així doncs, en aquesta tesi doctoral s’aborden tres aspectes relacionats amb els contaminants en hortalisses en diferents activitats agrícoles: (1) aplicació de diferents dosis de diferents residus orgànics en sòls de cultiu, que té com a objectiu avaluar l’efecte d’aquesta fertilització en la incorporació de ET i AB en l’hortalissa, (2) aplicació reiterada de residus orgànics en sòls de cultiu i seguiment de la concentració de ET en hortalisses durant diferents cicles productius, amb l’objectiu d’avaluar l’impacte de la fertilització orgànica a llarg termini, i (3) aplicació de fangs de depuradora i diferents quantitats de Zn i Cu a sòls, amb l’objectiu d’avaluar l’efecte d’aquests metalls sobre l’acumulació d’altres contaminants com ET, AB i ARG en les hortalisses. A més d’això, en tots els casos s’ha avaluat el risc per a la salut humana associat al consum d’hortalisses.
En àrees periurbanes, el sòl agrícola pot rebre la contaminació potencial de contaminants procedents de sòls fertilitzats amb residus orgànics, però també els contaminants potencials derivats de les activitats urbanes. Aquests contaminants poden influir en el creixement i desenvolupament dels vegetals. En aquesta tesi, també s’ha desenvolupat un mètode simple i ràpid per tal d’avaluar la contaminació de sòls. Per a això, es van utilitzar dos índexs de creixement de plantes (taxa de germinació de llavors i allargament d’arrels en l’etapa inicial) en tres llavors de verdures per avaluar la contaminació química dels sòls en agricultura de proximitat.La agricultura moderna ha estado buscando continuamente métodos efectivos para satisfacer la demanda de alimentos que aumenta exponencialmente a nivel mundial. La aplicación de residuos orgánicos como fertilizante o enmienda de suelo es una medida ampliamente aceptada, ya que suministra nutrientes de manera eficiente y rápida a los cultivos. De hecho, desde 2015, la Comisión Europea ha propuesto un plan de economía circular que fomenta la enmienda del suelo con biosólidos. No obstante, la presencia de una amplia gama de contaminantes como elementos traza (ET), contaminantes orgánicos y contaminantes emergentes como antibióticos (AB) y genes de resistencia a antibióticos (ARG), ha sido reportada en algunos fertilizantes orgánicos. Las verduras pueden incorporar los contaminantes procedentes de suelos fertilizados con residuos orgánicos, amenazando la salud humana. Por esta razón, es necesaria la evaluación de los riesgos que puede provocar la aplicación de estos residuos orgánicos. Los fertilizantes orgánicos más utilizados son los desechos de origen animal (estiércol), el compost (fuentes vegetales o desechos de alimentos) y los desechos urbanos (lodos de depuradora y residuos domésticos). Actualmente, no existe ningún estudio que evalúe la incorporación de ET y AB por parte de las plantas con estos tres tipos de fertilizantes orgánicos, ni tampoco el impacto de la aplicación repetida de fertilizantes orgánicos sobre las mismas parcelas. Además, esta aplicación repetida de lodos de depuradora resultaría en la acumulación de Zn y Cu en el suelo modificado, y su presencia puede influir en la incorporación de otros contaminantes. Por tanto, en esta tesis doctoral se abordan tres aspectos relacionados con los contaminantes en hortalizas en diferentes actividades agrícolas: (1) aplicación de diferentes dosis de distintos residuos orgánicos a suelos de cultivo, que tiene como objetivo evaluar el efecto de esta fertilización en la incorporación de ET y AB en la hortaliza, (2) aplicación reiterada de residuos orgánicos en suelos de cultivo y seguimiento de la concentración de ET en hortalizas durante diferentes ciclos productivos, cuyo objetivo es evaluar el impacto de la fertilización orgánica a largo plazo, y (3) aplicación de lodos de depuradora y diferentes cantidades de Zn y Cu al suelo, con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de estos metales sobre la acumulación de otros contaminantes como ET, AB y ARG en las hortalizas. Además, en todos los casos se evaluó el riesgo para la salud humana asociado al consumo de hortalizas. En áreas periurbanas, el suelo agrícola puede recibir la contaminación potencial de contaminantes procedentes de suelos fertilizados con residuos orgánicos, pero también los contaminantes potenciales derivados de las actividades urbanas. Estos contaminantes pueden influir en el crecimiento y desarrollo de los vegetales. En esta tesis, también se desarrolló un método simple y rápido para evaluar la contaminación del suelo. Para ello se utilizaron dos índices de crecimiento de plantas (tasa de germinación de semillas y alargamiento de raíces en la etapa inicial) en tres semillas de hortalizas para evaluar la contaminación química del suelo en agricultura de proximidad.
Modern agriculture has been continually searching for effective methods to meet the exponentially increasing food demand. Amending soil with fertilizers has been widely adopted, as it could efficiently and fast supply nutrients to vegetables. Since 2015, the European Commission has proposed a circular economy plan which encourages the soil amendment with biosolids. Nevertheless, the presence of a wide range of contaminants, such as trace elements (TEs), organic pollutants, and emerging pollutants such as antibiotics (ABs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), has been widely reported in many organic fertilizers. Vegetables can absorb the contaminants from the amended soil, and further threaten human health. For this reason, risk assessment of organic fertilizer applications is necessary. The most commonly used organic fertilizers are animal-based waste (manure), compost (plant sources or food waste), and urban waste (sewage sludge and household waste). Currently, no study evaluates the plant uptake of TEs and ABs under these three organic fertilizers, nor research evaluates the impact of repeated organic fertilization. Additionally, multiple application of sewage sludge might result in the accumulation of Zn and Cu in amended soil, and their presence would influence uptake of other contaminants. Therefore, in this doctoral thesis, three aspects related to the contaminants in vegetable under different agriculture activities are addressed: (1) amending soils with different doses of different organic fertilizers, which aims to assess the impact of organic fertilizers on the occurrence of TEs and ABs in vegetables, (2) repeated amending soil with organic fertilizers and monitoring the variation of TEs concentrations in vegetables of different productive cycles, which aims to assess the impact of long-term organic fertilization, and (3) amending soils with sludge and different amounts of Zn and Cu, which aims to assess the effect of Zn and Cu on the accumulation of TEs, ABs, and ARGs in vegetables. Furthermore, in every case the risk to human health associated with the consumption of vegetables was evaluated. In peri-urban area, the agricultural soil may receive the potential pollution from fertilizer, but also from potential contaminants due to urban activities. Those pollutants would influence the growth and development of vegetables. In this thesis, a simple and rapid method to assess soil pollution was also developed. Here, we use two plant growth indexes (seed germination rate and root elongation at the initial stage) for three vegetable seeds to assess soil chemical contamination on proximity agriculture.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals
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Reppun, Frederick A. W. L. "Invasive Marine Algae as a Soil Amendment for Island Farmers: Agronomic and Ethnographic Assessment of Implications for Nutrient Management." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1462555252.
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Cooke, Joshua. "Étude et prédiction de l’impact des paramètres de digestion anaérobie sur la composition des digestats et leur effet sur la stabilité structurale des sols." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NSARB370.
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La croissance de la digestion anaérobie en Europe conduit à une production importante de digestats. L'objectif de cette thèse était d'améliorer la compréhension de l'impact de l'application de ces derniers sur la fertilité physique du sol, grâce à l'analyse de la dynamique à court terme de la stabilité des agrégats du sol (SA), un indicateur clé de la résistance structurelle du sol à la formation de la croûte et à l'érosion. Les analyses réalisées sur des digestats prélevés ont montré que leurs impacts à court terme sur la SA du sol peuvent varier considérablement. Une première typologie d'impact a été élaborée, catégorisant l'effet des différents digestats selon les modes de production utilisés. Nous avons également pu identifier des corrélations entre les caractéristiques du digestat et leurs effets sur la SA du sol. Ce qui a permis d’identifier l’implication des mécanismes suivants : i) interactions directes entre le sol et les composants minéraux et organiques du digestat, ii) stimulation indirecte des processus microbiologiques par la matière organique du digestat conduisant à la stabilisation des agrégats. Une expérimentation au champ a montré que, si les effets du digestat sur la SA d’un sol limoneux sont limités par rapport aux variations induites par le climat, leur application peut néanmoins compenser les impacts négatifs transitoires d’un travail du sol. Nos résultats indiquent que l'incorporation de digestat peut même conduire à un impact positif progressif mais global sur la SA des sols limoneux à moyen terme. Cependant, en fonction des propriétés du sol et du contexte agricole, il convient de veiller à évaluer au préalable la qualité des digestats destinés à l'épandage, car certaines caractéristiques telles que des teneurs élevées en minéraux peuvent entraîner des effets négatifs transitoires sur la SA du solDemand for renewable energy is driving rapid growth in the agricultural anaerobic digestion (AD) sector. Digestates, by-products from AD, are used as organic fertilisers and soil amendments. Yet, our understanding of the effects of the wide array of digestates produced on soil biological, chemical and physical processes is limited. Our objective was to investigate the impact of digestate application on soil physical health, through study of the aggregate stability (AS), a key indicator of soil resistance to crust formation and erosion. Laboratory testing of digestates from agricultural AD sites revealed that their short-term impact on soil AS may vary considerably. A proposed typology of impact categorises the likely effect of different digestates according to AD process parameters, as an aid to agronomic decision-making and AD plant conception. We determined digestate characteristics linked to changes in soil AS, andconsidered the mechanisms involved, including direct interactions between soil and mineral or organic components, and indirect stimulation of microorganisms by "bioaccessible" organic matter. While the short-term effects of digestate on silt soil AS in field trials were limited compared to climateinduced variations, there were no negative effects. Digestate application may even lead to a very gradual improvement in AS of silt loam soils over time. However, certain mineral-rich digestates can induce transient negative effects on AS in other soil contexts. These findings provide insight into the short-termimpacts of digestate on soil processes leading to aggregate stabilisation. Nevertheless, going forward, an integrated approach accounting for many issues surrounding digestate use in agriculture is required to achieve sustainable soil management
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Winslow, Jonathan W. "Evaluation of Host Resistance and the Utilization of Organic Amendments to Manage Macrophomina Crown Rot of Strawberry in California." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2019. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2075.
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The production of strawberries can be severely limited by soilborne plant pathogens, insects and weeds. Macrophomina phaseolina is a problematic soilborne fungal pathogen in California strawberry production inciting the disease Macrophomina crown rot. When established, the pathogen can cause extensive plant decline and mortality. Host resistance will be a critical tool for managing this disease and guiding breeding programs in the post methyl bromide era. Evaluation of host resistance in strawberry germplasm to M. phaseolina was evaluated through phenotypic assessments of disease incidence. A total of 90 strawberry cultivars and elite selections were included in a replicated field trial conducted in artificially inoculated soils to assess host resistance. Significant differences in levels of resistance and susceptibility were observed among genotypes tested in this trial. The five most resistant strawberry genotypes from highest to lowest in percent plant mortality were: UC-R, UC-G, UC-V, Manresa, and Osceola. The five most susceptible strawberry genotypes with the highest percent mortality in ranking order from highest to lowest were: UC-J, Ruby June, Festival, UC-Y, and UC-A. Of the genotypes tested in this trial UC-V, Manresa and Osceola could be characterized as highly resistant, but no complete resistance was observed.
An additional study was conducted to correlate host symptom expression with the extent of pathogen colonization in different strawberry tissues, and to determine if resistant germplasm can contribute to secondary inoculum production in the field. An established qPCR method was utilized to quantify M. phaseolina colonization of strawberry tissues. There were significant effects for cultivar (P < 0.0001) as well as a significant two-way interaction of cultivar x sample time (P= 0.0083) on the concentration of M. phaseolina DNA detected in strawberry tissues. Expression of the resistant phenotype in strawberry cultivars was associated with limited plant colonization by M. phaseolina. The extent of colonization of a specific cultivar by M. phaseolina was dependent on the sample time after inoculation with the pathogen. In addition, the roots and crowns of a specific strawberry cultivar were equally colonized on a per plant tissue weight basis, but this provides only speculation into the mechanisms conferring host resistance.
A third study was conducted to integrate host resistance of strawberry genotypes with the use of organic amendments in effort to mutually enhance the efficacy of each factor for the control of Macrophomina crown rot. Artificially inoculated potting substrate was amended with Brassica juncea mustard seed meal at a rate of 4.94 tons ha-1(MSM), and anaerobic soil disinfestation utilizing rice bran at a rate of 22.24 tons ha-1 (ASD) were compared to a non-amended (UTC) and steam controls. The soil assay indicated that the ASD and steam treatments were able to reduce the CFU g-1 potting substrate of M. phaseolina by 99.7-100%. In addition, there were significant effects of soil treatment on the fresh biomass of weed seedlings recovered from the potting substrate. However, disease severity and host colonization of multiple strawberry cultivars by M. phaseolina was not reduced when grown in the treated potting substrate. The effect of strawberry cultivar on the extent of pathogen colonization was highly significant (P < 0.0001), in which cultivars characterized as resistant from phenotypic screenings possessed lower concentrations of M. phaseolina DNA. The suppression of M. phaseolina in response to organic amendments was limited but this study supports findings from previous experiments that genotype specific host resistance minimizes host colonization and reduces the production of secondary inoculum.
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Hossain, Mohamed Sarwar. "Effect of organic amendments on soil atmosphere." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31236.
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Gaseous movement in soil varies with soil's physicochemical properties and biochemical oxygen demand. Diffusivity patterns of four different types of soil (sand, silt, sandy silt, and clay) were examined and sand have shown the highest rate of diffusivity increase with the decreasing soil moisture content. Raw cow manure was then added to the sandy soil at four different rates 0, 20,40, and 80 Mg/ha. Depletion of soil oxygen and changes of carbon dioxide and ammonia for different concentrations were compared against the control. The oxygen depletion or carbon dioxide and ammonia accumulation reached the highest level at initial 16 hour followed by gradual reversal to a steady state. A significant amount of oxygen depletion was noticed with the different concentration levels. Oxygen depletion had shown an oscillatory behavior towards zero. Among different concentrations that of 40 Mg/ha showed the highest oscillatory behavior, but the shortest time was required to recover its original oxygen level. Thus the 40 Mg/ha application of organic matter is seems to be the optimum level for sandy soil.
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Tvergyak, Jennifer Louise. "Organic By-Product Materials as Soil Amendments." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1339463187.
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Yusran, Fadly Hairannoor. "Soil organic matter decomposition : effects of organic matter addition on phosphorus dynamics in lateritic soils." University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0120.
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[Truncated abstract] Relationships between the persistence of organic matter added to soil, the dynamics of soil organic carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) were examined in four experiments on lateritic soils of Western Australia. The main objective was to quantify the release of P following organic matter application in soils which have high P adsorbing capacity. Another objective was to confirm that due to its recalcitrant materials, the effect of peat lasted longer in soil than other sources of organic matter in terms of increasing plant-available P fractions. Three experiments were conducted under glasshouse conditions for various lengths of time, with nine- to twelve-month incubations to investigate these hypotheses. As expected, organic matter with lower C:N ratios than peat (lucerne hay) decomposed more rapidly compared with peat, and the most active mineralisation took place within the first three months of incubation. Soil organic-C (extracted by 0.5 M K2SO4) had a significant positive correlation with P extracted with 0.5 M NaHCO pH 8.53. For a higher application rate (120 ton ha-1), peat was better than wheat straw and lucerne hay in increasing extractable bicarbonate-P concentrations in soil, especially at incubation times up to 12 months. Throughout the experiment, peat was associated with a steady increase in all parameters measured. In contrast to peat, nutrient release from lucerne hay and wheat straw was rapid and diminished over time. There was a tendency for organic-C (either in the form of total extractable organic-C or microbial biomass-C) to steadily increase in soil with added peat throughout the experiment. Unlike wheat straw and lucerne hay, extractable organic-C from peat remained in soil and there was less C loss in the form of respiration. Therefore, peat persisted and sequestered C to the soil system for a longer time than the other source of organic matter. Freshly added organic matter was expected to have a greater influence on P transformation from adsorbed forms in lateritic soils than existing soil organic matter. By removing the existing soil organic matter, the effect of freshly applied organic matter can be determine separately from that of the existing soil organic matter for a similar organic-C content. In order to do this, some soil samples were combusted up to 450° C to eliminate inherent soil organic matter. The release of P was greater when organic-C from fresh organic matter was applied to combusted soils than in uncombusted soils that contained the existing soil organic matter. The exception only applied for parameters related to soil micro-organisms such as biomass-C and phosphatase. For such parameters, new soil organic matter did not create conditions favourable for organisms to increase in activity despite the abundance of organic matter available. More non-extractable-P was formed in combusted soils compared to bicarbonate-P and it contributed to more than 50% of total-P. As for the first experiment, peat also showed a constant effect in increasing bicarbonate extractable-P in the soil
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Pengthamkeerati, Patthra. "Soil physical and microbiological properties affected by soil compaction, organic amendments and cropping in a claypan soil /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3164537.
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Xiao, Baohua. "The effects of soil organic matter heterogeneity on equilibrium sorption by soils and sediments /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2004. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/305.
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Ahmad, Nor Ashikin. "Phosphorus Dynamics in Soils Amended with Recycled Organics." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365472.
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Soils organic amendments are increasingly being used as an alternative to conventional inorganic fertilizer to reduce deterioration of soil quality brought about by high inputs of chemicals and to counteract the depletion of mineral phosphorus (P) sources. The organic wastes, now referred to as recycled organics (RO), have been used in recent years as soil amendments to improve soil quality and crop growth. However, continuous application of RO amendments may result in the accumulation of P in soil and can eventually lead to eutrophication in surface water through excessive P runoff. Bioavailability of P from applied RO is not only related to the P content of the RO and the soil total P content but also to the particular P forms present in soil. Phosphorus in soil occurs in multiple forms and fractions which differ in their availability for plant uptake. The distribution, dynamics and availability of P are controlled by a combination of chemical and physical processes as well as by microbial activity. To date, there is little information available on the dynamics of P in soil amended with RO and the associated microbial processes. This study thereby focuses on RO as a source of P in soil using two application rates.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Nilsson, K. Sofia. "Modelling soil organic matter turnover /." Uppsala : Dept. of Ecology and Environmental Research, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/s326.pdf.
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Tran, Dao. "Identifying risks associated with organic soil amendments: microbial contamination in compost and manure amendments." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27364.
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The application of animal manures to agricultural land as a soil organic amendment has been identified as an important route by which foodborne pathogens can enter the human food chain. Knowledge of the presence and incidence of key foodborne pathogens in manure is a vital first step in the establishment of sound and effective guidelines for management and prevention of contamination by manure. The work described in this thesis attempts to determine the persistence of pathogens when raw manures are directly applied to agricultural soils, and treated under thermophilic composting conditions. Results from this study indicated that the current conditions suggested by typical food safety guidelines are sufficient to reduce the population of enteric bacteria to levels that minimise risks associated with culturable cells in raw manure and finished compost. However, E. coli cells have the potential to enter a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state and are undetected by culture-based monitoring methods, thus providing a false impression of the innate risk of the product. Prc, bamB and tolA, which are responsible for stabilising the cell membrane, were found to be essential genes required for surviving heat treatment at 55°C. In addition, the presence of relA and oxyR suggested that E. coli may use the VBNC state as an adaptive strategy for long-term survival to withstand multiple stresses, including heat stress. Entering the VBNC state with a strengthen cell envelope may help E. coli to survive prolonged heating during standard composting conditions. Successful resuscitation from the VBNC state was achieved in the presence of cell-free supernatant from actively growing E. coli MG1655. These results underline the importance of considering VBNC cells when evaluating the sanitary effect of the composting process. VBNC cells in composts could facilitate the persistence of pathogens in manure-amended soil and thus pose a risk of microbial contamination of fresh produce.
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Thuesen, Kevin (Kevin Andrew). "The Effects of Organic Surface Amendments on Soil Nutrients and Initial Tree Establishment." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277585/.
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This study examined the effects of replicating woodland soil surface horizonation on the nutrient status of underlying soils and the initial establishment and growth of trees. A total of 283 container grown trees were planted in a bufferzone around a future landfill site. Control amendments consisted of an 8 cm layer (0.5 m3) of wood chips applied in a circular area of 4.6 m2 around the trees' planting pit. For the treatment, a 2.5 cm layer of composted biosolids (0.15 m3 or 80 Mg/ha) was applied in a circular area of 4.6 m2 around the trees' planting pit followed by an 8 cm layer (0.5 m3) of wood chips. The results indicate that the replication of woodland soil surface attributes using composted biosolids can significantly improve the nutrient status of underlying soil. Some significant effects were seen under control conditions, too. However, the effects on tree establishment and growth parameters were, for the most part, not statistically significant.
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Drietz, Thomas. "Using Organic Amendments to Stabilize Sand-based Athletic Fields During Turfgrass Establishment Period." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31150.
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Athletic field rootzones are often sand-based for improved drainage. Sand-based rootzones may have stability issues if turfgrass is not fully established. Our objective was to use organic amendments to improve the stability of sand-based fields during the turfgrass establishment period and avoid overuse of inorganic materials, which have negative effects. We tested coconut coir, peat and wheat straw at 1% organic material, peat at 2% organic material, and an inorganic stabilizing fiber, StaLok, in the top 10 cm of the rootzone. Surface hardness, volumetric water content, traction, penetration resistance and visual quality were measured 2 to 4 months after construction of the plots. Surface hardness was greatest in the inorganic stabilizer and the wheat straw treatments. The kinetic penetration had no differences between the wheat straw (33.78-51.10 kPa) and the StaLok fibers (34.99-56.23 kPa). Wheat straw could be used to stabilize sand-based fields as an organic alternative to inorganic fibers.
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Seck, Mamadou Amadou. "Le compostage des coques d'arachide : Une technique permettant d'améliorer la qualité des sols saheliens." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10035.
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L'effet du compostage selon différentes techniques a été vérifié par des analyses physiques et chimiques, mais également en suivant la germination et la croissance de plantes locales (tomate, navet, oseille de Guinée, Gombo) en présence du substrat obtenu. Ces expériences ont permis de prouver que le compostage en Andins permettait d'obtenir les résultats les plus satisfaisants. Ces travaux ont été complétés par des études concernant l'origine des éléments toxiques (les substances hydrosolubles étant particulièrement inhibitrices) et par celles des caractéristiques hydriques et physiques du compost
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Sparke, Shaun P. "The influence of selected organic amendments on soil physiochemical properties : effects on soil erosion." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.546743.
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Lucas, Shawn T. "MANAGING SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES WITH ORGANIC AMENDMENTS TO PROMOTE SOIL AGGREGATE FORMATION AND PLANT HEALTH." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/24.
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The effects of managing soil with organic amendments were examined with respect to soil microbial community dynamics, macroaggregate formation, and plant physio-genetic responses. The objective was to examine the possibility of managing soil microbial communities via soil management, such that the microbial community would provide agronomic benefits. In part one of this research, effects of three amendments (hairy vetch residue, manure, compost) on soil chemical and microbial properties were examined relative to formation of large macroaggregates in three different soils. Vetch and manure promoted fungal proliferation (measured via two biomarkers: fatty acid methyl ester 18:2ω6c and ergosterol) and also stimulated the greatest macroaggregate formation. In part two of this research, effects of soil management (same amendments as above, inorganic N fertilization, organic production) on soil chemical and microbial properties were examined relative to the expression of nitrogen assimilation and defense response genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Soil management affected expression of a nitrogen assimilation gene (GS1, glutamine synthetase) and several defense-related genes. The GS1 gene was downregulated with inorganic N fertilization, expression of the pathogenesis-related PR1b gene (which codes for the pathogenesis-related PR1b protein) was increased in plants grown in soil amended with compost, vetch, and N fertilizer, and expression of three other defense-related genes coding for chitinase (ChiB), osmotin (Osm), and β-1,3-glucanase (GluA) were decreased in plants from soil amended with manure and in plants from the organically managed soil. Differential expression of defense-related genes was inversely related to the relative abundance of Gram-negative bacteria. The relative abundance of the 18:1ω7c Gram‑negative bacterial biomarker was greatest in manure treated soil and in organically managed soil (which recieves seasonal manure applications). These treatments also had the lowest expression of ChiB, Osm, and GluA, leading to speculation that manure, through increases in Gram-negative bacteria, may have suppressed populations of soil organisms that induce a defense response in plants, possibly allowing for less-stressed plants. Outcomes of this research may be useful for those interested in developing management strategies for maintaining or improving soil structure as well as those interested in understanding management effects plant physio-genetic responses.
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Seech, Alan G. "Bioremediation of soil containing pentachlorophenol and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using organic amendments." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ27468.pdf.
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Zerkoune, Mohammed, Glenn Wright, and David Kerns. "Effect of Organic Amendments on Lemon Leaf Tissue, Soil Analysis and Yield." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/198114.
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An experiment was initiated in 2000 to study the feasibility of growing organic lemons in the southwest desert of Arizona. An eight-acre field was selected on Superstition sandy soil at the Mesa Agricultural Research Center to conduct this investigation. Lemon trees were planted at 25 x 25 feet spacing in 1998. The initial soil test in top 6 inches was 5 ppm nitrate-nitrogen and 4.9 ppm NaHCO3-P. Soil pH was 8.7 in the top 6 inches. Four treatments were applied in randomized complete block design repeated four times. The treatments were beef cattle feedlot manure and perfecta, clover and guano from 2000 to 2002, cowpea and guano in 2003, and guano and perfecta, and standard practice treatment. Soil samples were collected from 0-6 and 6-12 inches the first week of March 2003 and analyzed for available nutrients. Results showed a difference for most nutrients in 0 to 6 and 6 to 12 inches between treatments. Nitrate- nitrogen increased significantly from 3.25 ppm in standard treatment to 19.10 ppm in the manure treatment. Similarly, soil organic matter increased from 0.1% in standard treatment to 0.2% in the manure perfecta treatment. Phosphorus level increased significantly from 7 ppm in guano perfecta to 56.5 ppm in manure perfecta treatment. Leaf tissue analysis indicated that nitrate level was influenced by treatment. Both commercial standard and organic treatments were equally effective in controlling citrus thrips, but repeated applications were required. Mite population has been detected at low level with no significant differences observed among treatments.
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Zerkoune, Mohammed, Glenn Wright, and David Kerns. "Effect of Organic Amendments on Lemon Leaf Tissue, Soil Analysis and Yield." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/223674.
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An experiment was initiated in 2000 to study the feasibility of growing organic lemon in the southwest desert of Arizona. An eight-acre field was selected on Superstition sandy soil at the Mesa Agricultural Research Center to conduct this investigation. Lemon trees were planted at 25 feet spacing in 1998. The initial soil test in top 6 inches was 5 ppm nitrate-nitrogen and 4.9 ppm NaHCO3-P. Soil pH was 8.7 in the top 6 inches. Four treatments were applied in randomized complete block design repeated four times. The treatments were beef cattle feedlot manure and perfecta, clover and guano, guano and perfecta, and standard practice treatment. Soil samples were collected from 0-6 and 6-12 inches the first week of March 2001 and analyzed for NO₃-N NH₄-N, total nitrogen, organic matter and available P. Preliminary results showed no difference in NO₃-N, NH₄-N in 0 to 6 and 6 to 12 inches between treatments. Total nitrogen increased significantly from 0.0262% in standard treatment to 0.0375% in the manure treatment. Similarly, soil organic matter increased from 0.297% in standard treatment to 0.4337% in the manure perfecta treatment. Phosphorus level increased significantly from 6.962 ppm in guano perfecta to 11.187 PPM in manure perfecta treatment. Leaf tissue analysis indicated that nitrate level was influenced by treatment. Yields of Guano treatments were significantly greater than yields of the other treatments. Both commercial standard and organic treatments were equally effective in controlling citrus thrips, but repeated applications were required. Mite population has been detected at low level with no significant differences observed among treatments.
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Tremante, Vincent Joseph. "The effects of organic soil amendments in bioretention soil mixes on the removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1303141024.
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Fulford, Anthony Michael. "Effect of Organic Amendments on Phosphorus Fractionation in a Lead-Contaminated Urban Soil." Available to subscribers only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1791851001&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Walker, Thomas Alexander Bruce. "The use of organic amendments in the reclamation of acidic coal mine waste." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293389.
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Vázquez, Rosa I. "Decomposition rates of organic amendments and soil organic matter fractions as indicators of soil quality : an on-farm study of organic and conventional dairy farms in Ohio /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488202678776313.
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Ndlovu, Zibusiso. "Control of root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne Spp) using organic soil amendments and Pasteuria penetrans." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320134.
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Fisher, Scott E. "The Effects of Different Soil Amendments on Fertility and Productivity in Organic Farming Systems." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1319737408.
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Khairnar, Kaushal. "Effect of different organic amendments on soil quality, vines growth, grape production and wine quality of mechanically pruned vineyards." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8632.
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Mestrado Vinifera EuroMaster - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThe experiment with an aim to study the effect of pruning types and effect of different types of organic amendments on soil quality, vine growth, grape production and wine quality was conducted in two sites located in Vilar and Sardoal region of Portugal. The pruning treatments included manual spur (MAN) and mechanical hedge (MEC) type of pruning and types of organic amendments applied were biochar (BIOC), municipal solid waste compost (RSUC), cattle manure (ESTR), sewage sludge (ETAR) and control treatment (TEST). The treatment effects were analyzed for chemical composition, mineral content and heavy metals content and sensorial analysis of wine samples. The analysis results show that there was no significant effect of type of pruning on wine composition except pH, total acidity, alcohol content, calcium and total nitrogen content of wine sample. Similar trend was also followed with the application of organic amendments; the composition of wine remained unchanged by the use of organic amendments except some effect on pH, total acidity, volatile acidity, total anthocyanins and potassium content of wine samples. There was no significant increase in the heavy metals content of wine samples after the treatment of organic amendment. The manual pruning generally showed higher content compared to mechanical pruning due to less number of bunches retained per shoots. Wine composition was more influenced by the site specific characters and climatic conditions than the effect of treatment applied. Sensory analysis along with chemical analysis shows that mechanical pruning can be used without having much significant effect on grape composition when sufficient yield compensation is achieved. Treatment which supplied higher amount of nitrogen (ETAR and ESTR) was generally marked by more negative sensory perception such as vegetal characters in wine. On the face of climate change and increased competitive pressure use of mechanical pruning can be good strategy to reduce the cost of grape production and organic amendment can be applied to soil with an aim of increasing organic matter contents of soil. But the care should be taken to avoid excessive supply of nitrogen in order to avoid negative effect on wine composition over longer period of time. So the supply of amendment should be managed according to vine and soil nutritional status
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Park, Kee Choon. "Enzymatic activity, microbial diversity, and weed seed banks in soils receiving different organic amendments and the biological fertilizer EM(tm) /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3164535.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004.(tm) after EM in title is for Trademark symbol. Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-142). Also available on the Internet.
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Odlare, Monica. "Organic residues - a resource for arable soils /." Uppsala : Dept. of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200571.pdf.
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Lennartsson, E. K. M. "Cultural control of take-all : The effect of mixed species cropping and organic soil amendments." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379661.
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Cheng, Ka Yu. "Effects of surfactants and organic amendments on phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated soil." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2005. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/630.
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Raveendran, Ekarath. "Effect of organic amendments on soils, drainage waters and ground waters in the State of Bahrain." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317592.
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Ott, Emily Thomas. "Soil Genesis and Vegetation Response to Amendments and Microtopography in Two Virginia Coastal Plain Created Wetlands." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83529.
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Wetlands serve important ecosystem functions such as carbon sequestration but are often affected by disturbances like urban development, agriculture, and road building. For wetlands created to mitigate losses, it is important that the ecosystem functions successfully replicate those of natural wetlands. Created wetlands have frequently not provided these functions due to issues including low organic carbon (OC), high soil bulk density (BD), lost topsoil, incorrect hydrology, and failure of targeted vegetation establishment. Organic matter (OM) amendments help created wetlands attain these functions quicker, but, their long-term effects are seldom reported. This research's purpose was to measure the long-term effects of treatments at a sandy tidal freshwater wetland created in 2003 (WWE) and a fine-textured, non-tidal wetland created in 2002 (CCW). We tested OM treatments, topsoil amendment, and microtopography effects on soil and vegetation properties at WWE and OM treatments at CCW. Pedogenic changes in soil morphology, physical and chemical properties were detected by comparing data to previous studies at these sites. At both sites, litter and biomass parameters were measured to estimate total mass C. Herbaceous biomass was measured at WWE. At WWE, no long-term OM treatment effects from 78 or 156 Mg ha-1 were observed. Soils in pits had higher OC, lower BD, and lower chroma than soils on mounds. Sandy and loamy HSFI's developed at WWE within four years, but there were fewer sandy indicators after 12 years. Loamy HSFI's were lost at CCW from 2003 to 2016. Plots at WWE that were amended with topsoil had higher soil mass C than the sandy soil due to a finer texture, but total mass C did not vary. At CCW, long-term OM treatment effects were observed, including lower BD, higher soil mass C, and higher tree mass C with increasing compost rates up to 224 Mg ha-1. Overall, the ideal compost loading rate for constructed wetlands varied with wetland type and mitigation goals. Compost rates of 112 Mg ha-1 are sufficient for short term establishment of wetland vegetation and hydric soil properties, but higher rates near 224 Mg ha-1 may be required for effects that last over 10 years.Ph. D.
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Nwachukwu, Olayinka Ibiwumi. "The use of organic materials as amendments in the remediation of soils contaminated by lead, copper and zinc." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/847/.
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Harris, Mark Anglin. "Some organic amendments for heavy metal toxicity, acidity and soil structure in acid-sulphate mine tailings /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh3148.pdf.
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de, Brito Luis Miguel Cortez Mesquita. "Organic composts as soil amendments to agriculutral land : quantitative studies on their effects on crop production." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386560.
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Kollaras, Arthur E. "The autoclaving of municipal greenwastes as pre-treatment for use in soil enhancement /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19320.pdf.
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Abis, Letizia. "Study of the effect of organic waste products amendments (OWPs) and microbial diversity on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions by soil." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS443.
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Les émissions de COVs jouent un rôle central sur la pollution atmosphérique. Les sources biogéniques des COVs sont entre 10 et 11 fois plus élevées que les émissions des COVs provenant par des sources anthropiques. Récemment, l'importance de la caractérisation des flux de COVs par les sols et les microorganismes a été soulignée. En effet, les émissions des COVs provenant du sol et des microorganismes sont des possibles précurseurs des particules atmosphériques et de la formation d'O3. En particulier, ce travail est centré sur la caractérisation des émissions de COVs par des sols amendés avec des PROs en détectant les émissions toute de suite après l’apport, 1 an et 2 ans après l’apport des PROs. De plus, l'influence de la diversité microbienne du sol sur les émissions de COV a également été analysée. Les émissions de COVs ont été détectées à l'aide de la technique PTR-QiTOF-MS et la totalité des expériences a été réalisées dans des conditions de laboratoire contrôlées en utilisant des chambres dynamiques pour la détection des COVs émis par les échantillons. Les résultats ont montré que les différentes PROs émettent des quantités COVs variables et que les propriétés chimiques et physiques du sol influençaient également les émissions. L’analyse de l'influence de la biodiversité microbienne sur les émissions de COVs a montré que si la diversité microbienne est plus élevée, les émissions de COVs par les sols sont plus faibles. En outre, la diversité des COVs diminue lorsque les émissions de COVs par le sol sont plus élevées. Enfin, l'étude de la dynamique des émissions de COVs par de microcosmes récemment amendés avec du PRO, a montré que le flux des émissions de COV augmentait dans les premières 49 heures après l'apport des PRO en raison d'une perturbation de la communauté microbienne dans le solVOCs emissions play a pivotal role on the atmospheric pollution. Biogenic sources of VOCs are between 10 and 11 times higher than VOC emissions from anthropogenic sources. Recently, the importance of the characterization of the VOC fluxes by soils and microorganisms has been highlighted. Instead, VOCs emissions from soil and microorganisms are possible precursors of the particulate matter and the O3 formation. This work is focused on the characterization of the VOCs emissions by soils amended with OWPs over the long and short terms application. The influence of the microbial diversity in soil on VOCs emissions was also analysed. VOC emissions were detected using the PTR-QiTOF-MS technique and all the experiments were performed under controlled laboratory condition using dynamic chambers for the detection of the VOCs emissions from samples. The results showed that different OWPs released different quantity of VOCs emissions and also the chemical and physical properties of the soil were linked to the emissions. Analyses on the influence of microbial biodiversity on VOCs emissions have shown that while the microbial diversity was higher VOC emissions by soils were lower. Furthermore, the diversity of the VOCs decreases when the VOCs emissions by soil are higher. Finally, the study of the dynamics of VOC emissions from microcosms amended with fresh OWPs, showed that the VOC emission flux increased in the first 49 hours after the OWP amendment, due to a disturbance of the microbial community in the soil
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Bergschneider, Cara Renee. "Determining an Appropriate Organic Matter Loading Rate for a Created Coastal Plain Forested Wetland." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34698.
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Past research indicates that created non-tidal wetlands in the mid-Atlantic region are considerably lower in soil organic matter than native forested hydric soils. However, optimal loading rates for created wetland soil reconstruction have not been rigorously established. Our objective was to determine appropriate organic amendment loading rates for a Coastal Plain mitigation wetland based on 1) soil properties reflective of hydric soil development, 2) the formation of redoximorphic features, and 3) the growth and vigor of hydrophytic vegetation. The study contained wet (CCW-Wet) and dry (CCW-Dry) experiments, each receiving 6 compost treatments (0 Mg/ha untilled and 0, 56, 112, 224, and 336 Mg/ha tilled). Over the 1.5-year monitoring period, redox potential decreased and redoximorphic feature formation increased with compost loadings up to 112 Mg/ha. Surface bulk density decreased with loadings up to 224 Mg/ha, while no treatment differences were noted in sub-surface bulk density. In the CCW-Dry experiment, soil moisture peaked in the 224 Mg/ha treatment, while soil moisture in CCW-Wet increased consistently across all loadings. Total biomass in CCW-Wet and Betula nigra L. growth in both experiments increased with loading rate. Total biomass in CCW-Dry and Quercus palustris Muench. growth in both experiments peaked at 112 Mg/ha, although differences were not significant. Collectively, these findings indicate that 112 Mg/ha of high quality organic amendment was optimal for inducing hydric soil conditions and positive hydrophytic vegetation response. Incorporating compost at rates exceeding 112 Mg/ha is challenging and leads to higher surface elevations and redox levels in the initial growing season.Master of Science
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Kumar, Vivek. "Hydro-Physical Characterization of Media Used in Agricultural Systems to Develop the Best Management Practices for operation of an Environmentally Sustainable Agricultural Enterprise." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/787.
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Florida is the second leading horticulture state in the United States with a total annual industry sale of over $12 Billion. Due to its competitive nature, agricultural plant production represents an extremely intensive practice with large amounts of water and fertilizer usage. Agrochemical and water management are vital for efficient functioning of any agricultural enterprise, and the subsequent nutrient loading from such agricultural practices has been a concern for environmentalists. A thorough understanding of the agrochemical and the soil amendments used in these agricultural systems is of special interest as contamination of soils can cause surface and groundwater pollution leading to ecosystem toxicity. The presence of fragile ecosystems such as the Everglades, Biscayne Bay and Big Cypress near enterprises that use such agricultural systems makes the whole issue even more imminent.
Although significant research has been conducted with soils and soil mix, there is no acceptable method for determining the hydraulic properties of mixtures that have been subjected to organic and inorganic soil amendments. Hydro-physical characterization of such mixtures can facilitate the understanding of water retention and permeation characteristics of the commonly used mix which can further allow modeling of soil water interactions.
The objective of this study was to characterize some of the locally and commercially available plant growth mixtures for their hydro-physical properties and develop mathematical models to correlate these acquired basic properties to the hydraulic conductivity of the mixture. The objective was also to model the response patterns of soil amendments present in those mixtures to different water and fertilizer use scenarios using the characterized hydro-physical properties with the help of Everglades-Agro-Hydrology Model.
The presence of organic amendments helps the mixtures retain more water while the inorganic amendments tend to adsorb more nutrients due to their high surface area. The results of these types of characterization can provide a scientific basis for understanding the non-point source water pollution from horticulture production systems and assist in the development of the best management practices for the operation of environmentally sustainable agricultural enterprise