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Journal articles on the topic 'Soil nutrition'
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1
ZF, Fawzy. "Compost Production for Soil Nutrition." Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics 5, no. 2 (August 5, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000173.
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One of the biggest problems fans face is maintaining soil fertility. The constant use of chemical fertilizers is also harmful. Therefore, a supplemental dose of compost is necessary to improve soil fertility. Organic fertilizers like compost make better use of all farm and animal waste and convert nutrients into an easily available form, increasing soil fertility. Compost is the product of an aerobic process during which microorganisms break down organic matter into a stable amendment to improve soil quality and fertility. During the composting process, microorganisms use organic matter as a food source, and produce heat, carbon dioxide, water vapor and humus as a result of their vigorous growth and activity. When applied to and mixed in soil, humus can promote good soil structure, improve water and nutrient holding capacity, and help control erosion. Humus makes up approximately 60 per cent of the final compost.
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Mamadalieva, Saidakhon Bakhodirbekovna, and Zuhriddin Muminovich Jumaboev. "Agricultural Measures In Soil Effect On Nutrition." American Journal of Applied sciences 02, no. 12 (December 12, 2020): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume02issue12-02.
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Results of scientific substantiation and introduction of optimal nutritional norms,seedling thickness and water consumption in the production of fairy-tale, high- quality cotton crop of UzPITI-201 cotton cultivated in the technology of sowing seeds under the film, which is a key element of accelerated saving technologies in light gray soils of Andijan region listed.
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Broschat, Timothy K. "Palm Nutrition and Fertilization." HortTechnology 19, no. 4 (January 2009): 690–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.19.4.690.
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Palms (Arecaceae) growing in containers have similar nutritional requirements as other tropical ornamental plants and grow well with fertilizers having an elemental ratio of 3N:0.4P:1.7K. However, palms growing in the landscape or field nurseries have very different nutritional requirements from dicotyledonous plants. Whereas nitrogen (N) is the primary limiting nutrient element in container production, potassium (K), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), boron (B), and iron (Fe) deficiencies are more widespread than N deficiency in most landscape soils. Because palms have a single apical meristem, deficiencies of K, Mn, or B can be fatal. In addition to insufficient nutrients in the soil, palm nutrient deficiencies can be caused by high soil pH, certain types of organic matter, deep planting, poor soil aeration, cold soil temperatures, and nutrient imbalances. Correction of nutritional deficiencies in palms can take up to 2 years or longer and therefore prevention of deficiencies by proper fertilization is important. Research has shown that high N:K ratio fertilizers applied directly, or indirectly via application to adjacent turfgrass in a landscape, can exacerbate K and Mg deficiencies in palms, sometimes fatally. For sandy Atlantic coastal plain soils in the southeastern United States, an analysis of 8N–0.9P–10K–4Mg plus micronutrients has been recommended.
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Lungu, Mihaela, Sorin Liviu Ștefănescu, and Monica Dumitrașcu. "Quality of Organic Vegetables Grown in Two Certified Sites on the Outskirts of Bucharest Municipality." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 11, no. 2 (October 1, 2017): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pesd-2017-0035.
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Abstract Soil fertility properties, irrigation water quality, mineral nutrition, and some vegetables mineral composition were studied in the frame of a project regarding yield quality monitoring in certified organic vegetable farms, in two farms placed on the outskirts of Bucharest Municipality which provide products for the town’s organic market. Chemical analysis of the soil samples collected from the two farms reflects a good fertility, close to the natural one of this region soils, with well-balanced organic matter, total nitrogen, accessible phosphorus and potassium contents. The nitrates contents concord with the plants nutrition demands and don’t present the risk to accumulate in vegetables or to leach into the groundwater. Slightly increased microelements, both total and soluble forms, occur. Soil microbiological properties are favorable for vegetable plants growth. A good biodiversity is noticed. There are differences between soil properties in open field and greenhouses, induced both by the type and degree of mechanical works and materials applied for fertilization and plant protection. Good conditions are generally created for plants mineral nutrition. Mineral nutrition status of the vegetables grown in organic conditions, assessed by the leaves mineral composition, doesn’t differ from the one of the vegetables grown in conventional conditions. The vegetables (fresh material) harvested from the two studied farms have good, even high, concentrations of mineral elements important for the yield nutritional quality. The excessive microelements quantities noticed in soil don’t transfer in the yield, so the latter quality and nutritional properties are not altered.
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Kumhálová, J., Š. Matějková, M. Fifernová, J. Lipavský, and F. Kumhála. "Topography impact on nutrition content in soil and yield." Plant, Soil and Environment 54, No. 6 (June 26, 2008): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/257-pse.
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The main aim of this study was to determine the dependence of yield and selected soil properties on topography of the experimental field by using topographical data (elevation, slope and flow accumulation). The topography and yield data were obtained from a yield monitor for combine harvester, and soil properties data were taken from sampling points of our experimental field. Initially, the topographical parameters of elevation and slope were estimated and then the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) grid was created. On the basis of field slope the flow direction model and the flow accumulation model were created. The flow accumulation model, elevation and slope were then compared with the yield and content of nitrogen and organic carbon in soil in the years 2004, 2005 and 2006 in relation to the sum of precipitation and temperatures in crop growing seasons of these years. The correlation analysis of all previously mentioned elements was calculated and statistical evaluation proved a significant dependence of yield and soil nutrition content on flow accumulation. For the wettest evaluated year the correlation coefficient 0.25 was calculated, for the driest year it was 0.62.
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Čekstere, Gunta, Anita Osvalde, and Māris Laiviņš. "Mineral Nutrition of Young Ash in Latvia." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 70, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/prolas-2016-0022.
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Abstract The research objectives were: 1) to determine healthy young ash supply with nutrients and their concentrations in natural growth conditions; 2) to estimate nutrient balance and inter-correlations within a system “soil-plants”; and 3) to determine the potential effect of environmental conditions (forest type, plant phytosociological group, soil group, etc.) on nutrient accumulation in soil and leaves of young ash. The investigation was conducted in 28 different forest sites with young ash in Latvia. The results demonstrated that young ash grows well on a wide range of site types in terms of soil composition, forest type and phytosociological tree group. Although highly heterogeneous, soil in ash stands in Latvia can provide a sufficient supply of nutrients. Therefore, the nutrient status of healthy young ash leaves can be characterized as sufficient, although low levels of P, Zn, and K in leaves was found for most sites. Significant impact of soil group and forest type was found on nutrient composition of ash soil, while leaf nutrient concentrations were more dependent on the forest type and phytosociological tree group. The obtained results confirmed the ability of ash to accumulate nutrients within a certain range from soils of different fertility, organic matter content and soil reaction in Latvia.
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Rochester, Ian J. "Phosphorus and potassium nutrition of cotton: interaction with sodium." Crop and Pasture Science 61, no. 10 (2010): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp10043.
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Poor phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) nutrition limits the growth and yield of many cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crops in Australia. The demand for nutrients from cotton crops has risen as yields have increased over the past 40 years, and some soils have become depleted in these nutrients. Cotton is commonly grown on sodic soils that are more prone to nutritional problems. A survey of thirty-one sites over four years in northern NSW, Australia included twelve sites that had sodic topsoil. However, available soil P and K at all sites were above established critical values for cotton crops. Soil sodicity was negatively correlated with available soil P and K, and positively with soil salinity and chloride. Cotton leaf P and K concentrations at flowering were negatively correlated with leaf sodium (Na) concentration. The cotton crops growing in sodic soils produced 20% less dry matter (3 weeks before crop defoliation) and crop P and K uptake was reduced by 23% and 25%, respectively, whereas Na uptake was 107% higher. High soil sodicity also reduced the uptake of micro-nutrients. Two field experiments in adjacent sodic and non-sodic areas on one farm showed a yield response to P fertiliser application at the non-sodic site only, but where soil P availability was above the accepted critical value. Application of K fertiliser did not increase crop K uptake or yield. The lower yield and poorer growth of irrigated cotton on sodic soils was related to higher Na uptake and lower P and K uptake, possibly due to restricted root growth in sodic soils.
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Heltai, Gy, and Gy Füleky. "Soil analysis and nutrition capacity." Microchemical Journal 46, no. 1 (August 1992): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-265x(92)90018-x.
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Howard, Sir Albert. "Soil fertility, nutrition, and health." Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry 56, no. 52 (September 8, 2010): 1155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5000565204.
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Prietzel, Jörg, Jaane Krüger, Klaus Kaiser, Wulf Amelung, Sara L. Bauke, Michaela A. Dippold, Ellen Kandeler, et al. "Soil phosphorus status and P nutrition strategies of European beech forests on carbonate compared to silicate parent material." Biogeochemistry 158, no. 1 (February 2022): 39–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-021-00884-7.
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AbstractSustainable forest management requires understanding of ecosystem phosphorus (P) cycling. Lang et al. (2017) [Biogeochemistry,https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-017-0375-0] introduced the concept of P-acquiring vs. P-recycling nutrition strategies for European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests on silicate parent material, and demonstrated a change from P-acquiring to P-recycling nutrition from P-rich to P-poor sites. The present study extends this silicate rock-based assessment to forest sites with soils formed from carbonate bedrock. For all sites, it presents a large set of general soil and bedrock chemistry data. It thoroughly describes the soil P status and generates a comprehensive concept on forest ecosystem P nutrition covering the majority of Central European forest soils. For this purpose, an Ecosystem P Nutrition Index (ENIP) was developed, which enabled the comparison of forest P nutrition strategies at the carbonate sites in our study among each other and also with those of the silicate sites investigated by Lang et al. (2017). The P status of forest soils on carbonate substrates was characterized by low soil P stocks and a large fraction of organic Ca-bound P (probably largely Ca phytate) during early stages of pedogenesis. Soil P stocks, particularly those in the mineral soil and of inorganic P forms, including Al- and Fe-bound P, became more abundant with progressing pedogenesis and accumulation of carbonate rock dissolution residue. Phosphorus-rich impure, silicate-enriched carbonate bedrock promoted the accumulation of dissolution residue and supported larger soil P stocks, mainly bound to Fe and Al minerals. In carbonate-derived soils, only low P amounts were bioavailable during early stages of pedogenesis, and, similar to P-poor silicate sites, P nutrition of beech forests depended on tight (re)cycling of P bound in forest floor soil organic matter (SOM). In contrast to P-poor silicate sites, where the ecosystem P nutrition strategy is direct biotic recycling of SOM-bound organic P, recycling during early stages of pedogenesis on carbonate substrates also involves the dissolution of stable Ca-Porg precipitates formed from phosphate released during SOM decomposition. In contrast to silicate sites, progressing pedogenesis and accumulation of P-enriched carbonate bedrock dissolution residue at the carbonate sites promote again P-acquiring mechanisms for ecosystem P nutrition.
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Lee, Jin Wook, and Kenneth W. Mudge. "GYPSUM AFFECTS AMERICAN GINSENG'S GROWTH, NUTRITION, AND GINSENOSIDES." HortScience 41, no. 3 (June 2006): 492C—492. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.3.492c.
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In the Northeast, wild American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) is typically found growing in the dense shade provided by deciduous hardwood tree species such as a sugar maple, in slightly acidic soils with relatively high calcium content. Woods cultivated ginseng is often grown in forest farming agroforestry systems under similar conditions. Supplemental calcium by soil incorporation of gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) is often recommended for woods cultivated ginseng. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of this practice on soil chemical properties, plant growth and quality of American ginseng. In a greenhouse pot culture experiment, 2-year-old seedlings were treated with 0, 2, 4, 8, or 16 Mt·ha–1 gypsum and grown for 12 weeks. Gypsum application decreased soil pH slightly, elevated soil electrical conductivity and increased available soil Ca and sulfate concentrations. Tissue calcium concentration was increased with by gypsum treatment, but shoot and root growth was reduced. HPLC analysis of root ginsenosides revealed that Re, Rb1, Rc, and Rb2, PT ginsenoside (sum of ginsenoside Rb1, Rc, Rb2, and Rd) and total ginsenoside concentration increased by gypsum soil amendment.
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Masson, Eva, Alain Cogliastro, Daniel Houle, and David Rivest. "Variation in soil and foliar nutrition status along a forest edge–interior gradient in sugar maple forest fragments." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 49, no. 11 (November 2019): 1463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0185.
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The consequences of forest fragmentation and edge effects on soil nutrient availability and nutrition of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) forests remain understudied. We assessed soil chemistry (bulk pH, total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), extractable phosphorus (P), exchangeable cations, and mineralizable N) and foliar nutrition (N, P, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg)) of mature sugar maple forests along an edge–interior gradient (10, 20, 30, 50, 70, and 120 m from the forest edges) in seven sugar maple forest stands (three on sandstone and four on dolomite bedrock) that are embedded within an agricultural landscape in southern Quebec, Canada. We hypothesized that foliar nutritional imbalances of sugar maple forests would decline along this gradient. Foliar nutrition was analyzed using the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) and the compositional nutrient diagnosis with isometric log-ratio (CND-ilr) method. At the sandstone sites, rates of N mineralization and nitrification increased with increasing distance from the forest edge. Other soil chemical properties and all sugar maple foliar indices of nutritional diagnostics varied weakly along the edge–interior gradient. Assessment of sugar maple forest nutritional status through different nutritional indices revealed K and P deficiencies in all stands that were sampled and at all distances from the forest edge. Overall, we found weak forest-edge effects on soil chemical properties and sugar maple forest nutritional status.
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Suchý, P., E. Straková, and I. Herzig. "Selenium in poultry nutrition: a review." Czech Journal of Animal Science 59, No. 11 (November 19, 2014): 495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7730-cjas.
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Selenium has been known for two centuries and its biological activities have been studied for nearly a hundred years, however the problem of Se deficit has still been persisting both in humans and animals. The cause of Se deficit in animals may be low Se level in soil. This mainly applies to cattle and sheep with their direct link to soil via roughage. The risk of Se deficit in pigs and poultry is lower due to lower dependence on soil Se level in the region and Se fortification in feed mixes. The present research focuses on the effects of Se on meat and egg quality, antioxidant activity of Se, effects on fatty acid levels, activity of glutathione-peroxidase, or the effect of Se on the immune system. Ensuring natural Se supply in human nutrition by food of animal origin, mainly poultry meat and eggs (the “functional foods”), is another area to which extensive attention has recently been paid.
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Rothstein, David E., and Nicholas J. Lisuzzo. "Optimal Nutrition and Diagnosis for Abies fraseri Christmas Trees in Michigan." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 23, no. 2 (June 1, 2006): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/23.2.106.
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Abstract Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) is a species with a highly restricted native range that is now planted widely for Christmas tree production throughout the eastern US. The southeastern US has a long history of research on nutritional demands of Fraser fir, but growers in the Upper Midwest have limited locally based nutrition research on which to draw. A survey of foliar nutrition and soil properties in Fraser fir Christmas tree plantations throughout the state of Michigan was conducted to accomplish the following objectives: 1) identify relationships between tree nutrition and tree performance, 2) identify relationship between soil properties and tree nutrition, and 3) develop Diagnosis and Recommendation Integration System (DRIS) norms for Fraser fir Christmas trees in Michigan. Foliar N, P, and K levels were all positively associated with tree performance. In contrast, Ca, Mg, and Fe levels in foliage were negatively associated with tree quality. DRIS analysis indicated nutrient imbalances resulting from excess Ca, Mg, and Fe in comparison to N, P, K, and S. High pH and base saturation of young, calcareous soils of Michigan appear to be the most important site factor limiting the production of Fraser fir in Michigan.
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Sadowski, A., J. Pękacki, W. Szabłowski, and K. Ścibiesz. "Magnesium nutrition of apple trees I. Preliminary studies." Acta Agrobotanica 29, no. 2 (2015): 159–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1976.013.
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Symptoms of Mg deficiency on apple trees in the Warsaw district, Central Poland are described and illustrated. Results of soil and leaf analyses of deficient and healthy trees and factors affecting Mg deficiency in apples are discussed. Mg deficiency was found mainly in young trees grown on light, sandy or sandy loamy grey-brown podsolic soils; an old trees it was very rare, because of deep root penetration and utilization of Mg from illuvial horizons rich in Mg. Severe Mg deficiency symptoms appeared on old trees, vigorously growing after topworking with Bancroft scions. Low soil and leaf of Mg content a high available potassium to magnesium ratio in the soil and high ratio in the leaves are suggested to be important factors promoting Mg deficiency symptoms. A three years' experiment run on old Bancroft apple trees showed that 400 kg of MgO applied in epsomite to the soil were as effective as 4 sprays of 2% epsomite. Soil or foliar Mg fertilization did not have any significant effect on tree growth, yields, fruit drop and fruit quality.
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Ondřej, Sedlář, Balík Jiří, Kulhánek Martin, Černý Jindřich, and Kos Milan. "Mehlich 3 extractant used for the evaluation of wheat-available phosphorus and zinc in calcareous soils." Plant, Soil and Environment 64, No. 2 (February 6, 2018): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/691/2017-pse.
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Relation between wheat (Triticum aestivum) nutritional status determined at the beginning of stem elongation and during anthesis, respectively, and available content of phosphorus (P-M3) and zinc (Zn-M3) determined by the Mehlich 3 extractant was studied. Both one-year pot experiment with spring wheat and two-year on-farm trials with winter wheat were run on various calcareous soils (pH values of 7.18–7.94, median 7.80, P-M3 1–289 ppm, median 54, and Zn-M3 2–14 ppm, median 4), in the Czech Republic (Central Europe). Phosphorus nutrition index (ratio of phosphorus concentration in shoot biomass to critical phosphorus concentration – P<sub>c</sub>) was calculated using the Belanger et al.’s model: P<sub>c</sub> = –0.677 + 0.221N – 0.00292N(2), where both phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations were expressed in g/kg shoot dry matter. Unlike phosphorus concentration in shoot biomass, phosphorus nutrition index significantly correlated with P-M3 content in soil. Optimal values of the phosphorus nutrition index were recorded if P-M3 was 51–68 ppm. Zinc concentration in shoot biomass more strongly correlated with P:Zn ratio (M3) in soil compared to Zn-M3 content in soil. P:Zn ratio in shoot biomass of 130:1 did not lead to phosphorus deficiency and corresponded to P:Zn (M3) ratio in soil of 9.3:1–14.3:1.
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Deva Koresh, H. James. "Analysis of Soil Nutrients based on Potential Productivity Tests with Balanced Minerals for Maize-Chickpea Crop." March 2021 3, no. 1 (March 22, 2021): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jei.2021.1.003.
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Generally, a soil nutrients test has been performed for determining the productivity measures of any plant. It includes many challenges of environmental impacts and climate adaptation. To maintain the crop nutrients quality without affecting previous performance from the soil, it is required to minimize the challenges in the soil health sector can be increased economic returns from crop productivity. This article represents the review on improving productivity for soil nutrition. Soil nutrition was tested and assessed using the existing method, and deficiencies in the soil were identified that could be improved using some standardized methods. This productivity function of soil supply is measured by a various spatial scale which is a part of this research. The objective aims to achieve high productivity in the context of soil and also to realize environmental impact for soil functionality, productivity function, and resources information. The classification of soils corresponding multitude of approaches developed globally for potential soil productivity. The main focus is to determine strategies for the effects of a balanced nutrition system of maize-chickpea. The treatment and control can be developed and tested every year on crop yield. Besides, this research presents a future enhancement of improved productivity tests for a balanced soil nutrition system for better crop yield. The soil classification will be categorized with a knowledge base algorithm for further accuracy for the system.
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Chowdhury, Nasrin, and Md Mamunur Rasid. "Assessment of Soil Fertility and Crop Nutrient Status in Agricultural Soils Near a Brick Kiln Cluster." Journal of Agricultural Science 13, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v13n1p122.
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Brick kiln exhaust when deposited can hamper the nutritional status of the agricultural soils and crops. To study the impact, soil and associated plant samples were collected from the vicinity of a brick kiln cluster in Chattogram, Bangladesh. The soil contamination was evaluated by heavy metal indices. Agricultural soils close to the brick kiln area were very strongly acid to slightly acid. Organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus content of the agriculture soils near brick kiln cluster were 0.35% to 1.01%, 0.10 to 0.24% and 2.21 to 13.48 mg kg-1 respectively and the significant different mean value of 0.70%, 0.22% and 14.65 mg kg-1 respectively in the reference soil. The nutritional status of sampling sites was lower than the previously reported data. The nutrition status of the plants was at an optimum level as regular fertilizer application was practiced but showed an irregular pattern along with all the soil parameters and heavy metal indices. The contamination factor (Cd), potential ecological risk index (PER) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) demonstrated that the agricultural soils in the vicinity of the brick kiln cluster were moderately- to highly-polluted. This indicates the deterioration of soil quality by uncontrolled brick kiln operation.
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Novotný, R., Z. Lachmanová, V. Šrámek, and L. Vortelová. "Air pollution load and stand nutrition in the Forest District Jablunkov, part Nýdek." Journal of Forest Science 54, No. 2 (February 8, 2008): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/797-jfs.
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Concentrations of air pollutants measured by passive samplers, atmospheric deposition to forest ecosystems, soil water chemistry, nutrient content in the soil and foliage were all measured within a study of the causes of forest decline in Nýdek Forest Range, Jablunkov Forest District (Silesian Beskids). Declining Norway spruce stands are situated in a region of historically high air pollution load, mainly from the Třinec and Ostrava agglomeration. Air pollution significantly decreased in the second half of the 1990s. Forest soils showing the insufficiency of main nutrients remain today as the main factor affecting the forest vitality. The situation in the soil is subsequently reflected in the nutrition level of the assimilation tissues. Simultaneous effects of other stressors (e.g. biotic, meteorological ones) can support a sudden worsening of the stand health and cause serious damage.
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Nordin, Stacia Marie, and Kristof J. Nordin. "Food, the source of Nutrition." World Nutrition 8, no. 1 (August 6, 2017): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26596/wn.20178187-94.
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Food is the source of Nutrition. When taken at face value, this wouldn’t appear to be a very controversial statement, especially when espoused within a journal dedicated to food and nutrition. However, when we take a closer look at current efforts being made in the fields of agriculture and nutrition, one often gets the impression that many food, nutrition, and agriculture experts have become convinced that food can no longer provide all of the nutrients which are essential to the optimal growth and development of the human body. Highly nutritious foods, entirely capable of fulfilling human nutritional requirements, still exist. However, due to an over-reliance on monocropped and industrialized agricultural systems, nutritional diversity is increasingly being marginalized. Instead of asking ‘What happened to our food,’ a more pertinent question would be ‘What happened to our food system’? Throughout the world, governments are now spending billions of dollars to subsidize monocropped agriculture, but as agriculture is failing nutritionally, these same governments are forced into spending billions of dollars to subsidize nutritional treatments (through fortification, supplementation, and medicinal programs). Many assessments of industrialized agriculture fail to take into consideration the negative effects on humans and the environment as a result of depleted nutrition, exposure to toxic chemicals such as pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides, the mismanagement of soil and water resources, and the depletion of biodiversity to make room for expanded monocropping. When we begin to learn how to embrace the nature-enhancing models of sustainable agriculture such as agroecology, we begin to realize that all the questions soon merge into one resounding answer: Yes, we can use every single available square inch of land and/or space to produce enough highly-nutritious food to feed the world, as well as to elevate the health, growth, and development of all people in all countries to their maximum potential. This can, should, and already is being implemented in people’s yards, gardens, farms, businesses, schools, churches, hospitals, public green spaces, urban areas, road sides, roof spaces, communities, and nations.
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Fernandes, Geraldo W., Luiz H. O. Rodarte, Daniel Negreiros, and Augusto C. Franco. "Aspectos nutricionais em Baccharis concinna (Asteraceae), espécie endêmica e ameaçada da Serra do Espinhaço, Brasil." Lundiana: International Journal of Biodiversity 8, no. 2 (August 30, 2008): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35699/2675-5327.2007.23186.
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The growth and development of a given plant species under its natural environment is highly influenced by the nutrient availability in the soil. Although much is known about the nutritional requirements of agricultural species, the knowledge on the nutritional needs of wild species and their correlation with the available nutrients and physico-chemical properties of the soil is still rudimentary. This knowledge is crucial for the development of conservation and management of species under extinction threats. Baccharis concinna Barroso (Asteraceae) is a dioecious shrub, endemic and threatened species originally described for two disjunct areas in the Espinhaço mountains in southeast Brazil. The goal of this study was to describe the physico-chemical properties of the soils in which the plant is found and to perform the first analysis of the nutrient content in the shoot tissues of this species in an attempt to find possible positive correlations between soil and tissue nutrient availability. Six populations of B. concinna in Serra do Cipó, MG were studied. At each site we sampled soils and collected shoot samples of three male and three female plants for the nutritional analysis. The soils under B. concinna were acid, nutrient poor and with a high content of aluminium. Nutrient content in the soil and in the tissues varied among the populations sampled. No relationship was found between the availability of nutrients in the soil and that in the B. concinna tissues. These results indicate that B. concinna may be a species without strong nutritional requirements that adapt well on soils with low nutritional quality.
Keywords: dioecy, plant development, plant nutrition, plant soil relationship, Serra do Cipó.
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Shikhova, Lyudmila, Evgeniy Lisitsyn, and Galina Batalova. "Peculiarities of Mineral Nutrition of Cereals in Aluminum-Acid Soil Conditions." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 10. Innovatcionnaia deiatel’nost’, no. 4 (November 6, 2014): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu10.2014.4.6.
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Lasota, Jarosław, Wojciech Kraj, Bożena Honkowicz, Karolina Staszel, and Ewa Błońska. "Nutrient Status of Tree Seedlings in a Site Recovering from a Landslide." Forests 11, no. 6 (June 25, 2020): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11060709.
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The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of soil recovery after a landslide on the nutritional status of a young generation of Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) trees. The study was carried out on the site of a landslide that took place in 2010 in the Gorlice Forest District (Southern Poland). Basic soil properties, macro, and microelements content and enzymatic activity were determined in the soil samples that were collected from across the landslide area, from locations distributed by a grid 10 × 10 m (18 points). Plant material samples, collected to indicate nutritional status, were also taken from each point. Results demonstrate that the nutritional status of emerging regeneration depends on soil acidification and soil organic matter content. The pH of the soils on the landslide determines the intensity of nutrient uptake by the young seedlings. The nutrition of young trees varied across the landslide zone, differing in terms of the soil’s organic matter content and its chemical properties. In comparison to the depletion zone, the accumulation zone proved to be substantially richer in soil organic matter, resulting in higher soil biochemical activity. The study demonstrates that Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) is improving nutrient cycling in areas disturbed by landslide.
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Ullah, Aman, Muhammad Farooq, Abdul Rehman, Mubshar Hussain, and Kadambot H. M. Siddique. "Zinc nutrition in chickpea (Cicer arietinum): a review." Crop and Pasture Science 71, no. 3 (2020): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp19357.
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Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important grain legume that is grown and consumed all over the world. Chickpea is mostly grown in rainfed areas and marginal soils with low available zinc (Zn); however, its productivity is affected by micronutrient deficiencies in soil, particularly Zn deficiency. Zinc is a structural constituent and regulatory cofactor of enzymes involved in various plant biochemical pathways. As such, Zn deficiency impairs plant growth and development by reducing enzyme activity, disturbing ribosomal stabilisation, and decreasing the rate of protein synthesis. Moreover, Zn deficiency induces flower abortion and ovule infertility, leading to low seedset and substantial yield reductions. Nonetheless, inclusion of chickpea in cropping systems (e.g. rice–wheat), either in rotation or intercropped with cereals, improves Zn availability in the soil through the release of phosphatases, carboxylates, and protons by roots and soil microbes. This review discusses the role of Zn in chickpea biology, various factors affecting Zn availability, and Zn dynamics in soil and chickpea-based cropping systems. The review also covers innovative breeding strategies for developing Zn-efficient varieties, biofortification, and agronomic approaches for managing Zn deficiency in chickpea. Strategies to improve grain yield and grain Zn concentration in chickpea through use of different Zn-application methods—soil, foliar and seed treatments—that are simple, efficient and cost-effective for farmers are also discussed. Screening of efficient genotypes for root Zn uptake and translocation to the grain should be included in breeding programs to develop Zn-efficient chickpea genotypes.
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Naidu, R., and P. Rengasamy. "Ion interactions and constraints to plant nutrition in Australian sodic soils." Soil Research 31, no. 6 (1993): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9930801.
Full textAbstract:
Many of the arable soils in Australia are affected by salinity and/or sodicity. Nutrient deficiency and ion toxicity may occur in both saline and sodic soils. Ho-ever, the mechanism for these constraints on plant growth in sodic soils differs from that of saline soils. Fertility of sodic soils with low nutrient reserves is compounded by the low supply of water and oxygen to roots in profiles with dispersive clays. Nutrient constraints in sodic soils are created by the electron and proton activities (pE and pH) in an environment of degraded soil structure. Australian sodic soils accumulate relatively low levels of organic matter. High sodium, high pH and low biological activity, commonly found in these soils, are not conducive for both the accumulation of organic matter and its mineralization. As a result, these soils are deficient in N and S. Australian soils are highly weathered and have moderate to low reserves of many plant nutrients such as Cu, Mn, Mo, Zn and P. Solubility of phosphorus is generally increased in sodic soils. Poor leaching conditions accumulate boron in soil layers. Higher concentrations of sodium than of calcium in these soils are the major cause of both physical and nutritional problems. Therefore, amelioration of sodicity is the logical first step in improving the chemical fertility of sodic soils. However, fertilizer application and improvement of soil organic matter are essential to increase yields to match the potential yield predictable from climate.
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Белова, С. В. "Nutrition diagnostics of vegetable crops." Kartofel` i ovoshi, no. 12 (December 7, 2022): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25630/pav.2022.14.25.002.
Full textAbstract:
Один из путей оценки обеспеченности почвы питательными элементами – методы растительной и почвенной диагностики питания растений. В статье представлен краткий обзор трудов и наиболее значимых аспектов методов растительной и почвенной диагностики питания растений. тканевая диагностика, листовая, анализ пасоки, экспресс-метод. Основная цель почвенной и растительной диагностики достигается за счет прогнозирования отклика и в большей степени следственного отражения действия удобрений на овощные культуры в зависимости от зональности почв. При изучении динамики морфологических, биометрических и химических показателей растений в течение вегетации, формируется более полное понимание об их потребности в питательных веществах. Такая информация может послужить основой для разработки мер по направленному воздействию питанием на формирование урожая. Обоснована необходимость комплексного применения методов растительной и почвенной диагностики, т. к. в этом случае они дают более углубленное понимание обеспеченности растений питательными веществами. Анализы почвы на содержание в них подвижных форм элементов говорят об их запасах, а анализируя растительные пробы, мы можем судить о скорости поступления в растения питательных элементов, о их потребности в определенные фазы развития культур. Учитывая, что биологические особенности растений накладывают свой отпечаток на способность корней использовать те или иные элементы, должна разрабатываться система почвенно-растительной диагностики питания для овощных культур. Таким образом, благодаря диагностическим методам возникает возможность сделать прогноз действия питания на овощные культуры и смоделировать рост отечественной продовольственной базы. One of the ways to assess the availability of soil nutrients is the methods of plant and soil diagnostics of plant nutrition. The article presents a brief review of the works and the most significant aspects of the methods of plant and soil diagnostics of plant nutrition: tissue diagnostics, leaf analysis, apiary analysis, express method. The main goal of soil and plant diagnostics is achieved by predicting the response and, to a greater extent, the consequential reflection of the effect of fertilizers on vegetable crops, depending on the zonality of soils. When studying the dynamics of morphological, biometric and chemical parameters of plants during the growing season, a more complete understanding of their need for nutrients is formed. Such information can serve as a basis for the development of measures for the directed impact of nutrition on crop formation. The necessity of using these methods in combination is substantiated, because in such a case these methods provide a more in-depth understanding of plant nutrient availability. Soil analyzes for the content of mobile forms of elements in them indicate their reserves, and by analyzing plant samples, we can judge the rate of entry of nutrients into plants, their need in certain phases of crop development. Given that the biological characteristics of plants leave their mark on the ability of the roots to use certain elements, a system of soil and plant nutrition diagnostics for vegetable crops should be developed. Thus, thanks to diagnostic methods, it becomes possible to predict the effect of nutrition on vegetable crops and to model the growth of the domestic food base.
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Negreanu-Pirjol, Bogdan-Stefan, Ticuta Negreanu-Pirjol, and Gabriela Mihaela Paraschiv. "Residual Marine Algae Biomass - An Important Raw Material for Obtaining a Soil Biostimulator-Regenerator." European Journal of Medicine and Natural Sciences 2, no. 2 (October 15, 2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/749ztk83f.
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This paper highlight a study regarding the valorification of residual marine algae biomass along Romanian Black Sea Coast, which recorded in the last summer period an accumulation of a large seaweed biomass quantities. The valorization of this waste was conceived as a result of theirs nutritional potential for improvind degraded soils of Dobrudja region, Romania and as complex capitalization of this biomass. It was establish the biotechnological process for the new biosolid nutrient composite obtaining. The parameter physical-chemical results of raw material used for biofertilizer obtaining, emphasized an increased organic charge compared with the inorganic compounds. Also, an increased value of total organic nitrogen and an optimum pH limits, was registered. Regarding the nutrients concentrations values, it could be noticed that the new biosolid fertilizer contains organic matter and valuable nutritive elements (N, P) could be contributed to the enhancement of the soil quality. The new biosolid biostimulator-regenerator obtained from natural residues bring a complex of nutrients for degraded soils by the presence of organic residual compounds, through the proteins, lipids, nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus) and mineral salts content, necessary for plants nutrition and improvement of soils quality.
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SRIVASTAVA, A. K. "Citrus nutrition: An Indian perspective." Annals of Plant and Soil Research 24, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47815/apsr.2021.10116.
Full textAbstract:
Diagnosis and management of nutrient constraints are the two important pillars of sound citrus fertilizer program, although its history in India is as old as cultivation of citrus. Of the different diagnostic tools (leaf nutrient standards, soil thresholds of soil available nutrients, metalloenzyme activity, inflorescence analysis, juice nutrient standards, xylem sap analysis); leaf and soil-based nutrient standards have established their superiority over rest of the diagnostic methods. Optimum leaf nutrients standards developed for different commercial cultivars in Indiahave further warranted the necessity of identifying nutrient constraints through cultivar specific diagnostics in order to inflict precision diagnosis. Similar observations were envisaged through optimum soil fertility limits suggested for Indian citrus cultivars, primarily governed by prevailing soil fertility constraints. Multi-location nutrient specific field response studies lacked heavily on the point of uniformity in yield and quality improvements when replicated at other locations. Site-specific nutrient management studies demonstrated soil type-based fertilization, suggesting the fertilizers to be tailored as per canopy size within an orchard to derive rationality in fertilizer use within an orchard. Fertigation has further reduced the optimum fertilizer requirement by 30-40%, in addition to microbial consortium-based integrated nutrient management saving 30% cut from conventional RDF. Many other significant advances have taken place to improve the fertilizer-use-efficiency e.g. sensor-based variable rate application, fertigation using magnetized irrigation, open field hydroponics and dual purpose microbially loaded substrate (organic manure) enriched with limited inorganic fertilizers collectively known as INM a plausible alternative.
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Dumitrașcu, Monica, Mihaela Lungu, Sorin Liviu Ștefănescu, Victoria Mocanu, Gabi Mirela Matei, and Rodica Lazăr. "Soil Fertility Assessment of an High Natural Value Eligible Area in South-Eastern Transylvania." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pesd-2019-0005.
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Abstract As low-input environmentally friendly agricultural practices are currently associated with the delivery of a wide range of public goods and socioeconomic benefits, the strategy of European Union in mitigating climate change effects, protecting environment and ensuring public health has, among others, focused around preserving the High Natural Value (HNV) areas. About a quarter of the land in Romania is potentially covered by HNV farming and eligible for associated support payments, mostly along the chain of the Carpathian Mountains. Since soil systematic data on HNV area are scarce, recent research developments currently undertake to build up a first national HNV soil data base. Soil fertility state in a HNV payment eligible area of south-eastern Transylvania was studied in seven in-depth dug profiles and seven additional shallow dug profiles. Soil samples were taken by genetic horizons as well as agrochemical samples from the upper soil layers (0-20 cm). Physical, chemical, and microbiological analyses revealed that the studied soils have a medium clayey loamy texture, good fertility and are subject to an adequate HNV management in the area, as the analytical values mostly range in favorable intervals for plant growth and nutrition. Thus, soil reaction is moderately acid up to slightly alkaline in the presence of carbonates, the soil organic matter, generally well mineralized, reaches fair levels and the high and very high cation exchange capacity ensure good conditions for plants growth and nutrition whilst nitrogen and potassium supply is adequate. Phosphorus is the only element in short supply – a situation often encountered in Romania unfertilized soils. Soil bulk density and total porosity are also favorable for root growth and spreading and plant nutrition. Microorganisms’ activity is diverse and is also adequate for plant nutrition.
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S, Vijayakumar, Dinesh Kumar, Kulasekaran Ramesh, Prabhu Govindasam, Dinesh Jinger, Rubina Khanam, Saravanane P, et al. "Potassium nutrition in rice: A review." Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 58, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2021.58.3.1.
Full textAbstract:
Potassium (K) is the most neglected nutrient in Indian agriculture and accounts only 10% of the total fertilizer use. The increased cropping intensity and use of high yielding cultivars since the green revolution led to heavy withdrawal of K from soil. Persistent K mining over the past six decades has mined soil K level in many cultivated areas and continuously transforming sufficiency into deficiency. A recent soil test a little over 1 lakh samples from 33 states of India have categorized 41.1%, 29.3%, and 29.5% of soil samples as low, medium and high in available K respectively. Further, the trend of soil available K status showed a persistent decline in percentage of area under high and medium soil K. Consequently, the evidence of rice crop responding to K nutrition is increased. This review attempts the nexus of K nutrition in rice for devising strategies for potassium management in rice-based cropping systems in the country.
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Rajammal, Sherene Jenita, T, S. Maragatham, and R. Santhi. "Development of Soil Test based Fertilizer Prescription Equations under IPNS for Rice in Salt affected soils of Tamil Nadu." YMER Digital 21, no. 03 (March 2, 2022): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.03/01.
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Soil Test Crop Response - Integrated Plant Nutrition System (STCR - IPNS) technology in restoring soil fertility in sodic soil was well established in this study. STCR -IPNS correlation studies were conducted with rice in black calcareous sandy clay loam (Vertic Ustropept) sodic soils of Tamil Nadu, Southern India during 2019 – 2021and fertilizer prescription equations under Integrated Plant Nutrition System (IPNS) were developed. A ready reckoner of fertilizer doses at varying soil test values, for attaining 6 and 6.5 t ha-I target grain yield of rice has been worked out. Using these equations, test verification trials were conducted on farmer's holding in Manikandam block of Tiruchirapalli district. The per cent achievement of the targets aimed was more than 90 indicating the validity of the equations for prescribing fertilizer doses for rice under sodic soils. The STCR -IPNS treatments recorded relatively higher response ratio (RR) and benefit - cost ratio (BCR) over blanket, STCR - NPK alone treatments and farmer's practice. Post-harvest soil tests for NPK revealed that there was maintenance of soil fertility under sodic soil.
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Wacal, Cosmas, Naoki Ogata, Daniel Basalirwa, Daisuke Sasagawa, Tsugiyuki Masunaga, Sadahiro Yamamoto, and Eiji Nishihara. "Growth and K Nutrition of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Seedlings as Affected by Balancing Soil Exchangeable Cations Ca, Mg, and K of Continuously Monocropped Soil from Upland Fields Converted Paddy." Agronomy 9, no. 12 (November 29, 2019): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9120819.
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Growth of sesame is known to be limited by poor K nutrition as a result of imbalance in soil exchangeable cations that cause a competitive ion effect in continuous monocropping from upland fields converted paddy. We hypothesized that balancing soil exchangeable cations will improve the K nutrition and growth of sesame plants. Therefore, the specific objectives of this study were to determine the effect of balancing soil exchangeable cations Ca, Mg, and K of continuously monocropped soils on the growth and cation uptake of sesame seedlings and also identify a suitable source of nutrients for improving K nutrition. A pot experiment was conducted under greenhouse condition in a 3 × 3 factorial design consisting of three levels of balancing treatments i.e. inorganic fertilizer for Ca, Mg, and K, rice husk biochar to increase K content, and the three durations of continuous monocropping soils of one year, two years, and four years from upland fields converted paddy. Balancing soil exchangeable cations was aimed at achieving optimal base saturations (CaO, 75%; MgO, 25%; and K2O, 10%). Results showed that balancing exchangeable cations did not significantly affect growth and cation uptake in the one and two-year soils but significant effect was observed in the four-year soil. Overall, plant height and dry weight increased for the balancing treatments of inorganic fertilizer K and rice husk biochar. Balancing exchangeable cations with biochar was more beneficial than with inorganic fertilizers. The four-year soil’s growth increase was attributed to an increase in K concentration and uptake due to the decrease in the soil Ca/K and Mg/K ratios to that of acceptable levels, which eliminated competitive ion effect as the soil K saturation increased above 5.0%, enhancing sesame growth. Therefore, a balanced soil exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K that eliminates a competitive ion effect will improve sesame growth and K nutrition although future research should focus on ensuring balanced cation rations under field conditions in continuous monocropping.
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SRIVASTAVA, A. K. "Citrus nutrition: An Indian perspective." ANNALS OF PLANT AND SOIL RESEARCH 24, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47815/apsr.2022.10116.
Full textAbstract:
Diagnosis and management of nutrient constraints are the two important pillars of sound citrus fertilizer program, although its history in India is as old as cultivation of citrus. Of the different diagnostic tools (leaf nutrient standards, soil thresholds of soil available nutrients, metalloenzyme activity, inflorescence analysis, juice nutrient standards, xylem sap analysis); leaf and soil-based nutrient standards have established their superiority over the rest of the diagnostic methods. Optimum leaf nutrients standards developed for different commercial cultivars in India have further warranted the necessity of identifying nutrient constraints through cultivar specific diagnostics in order to inflict precision diagnosis. Similar observations were envisaged through optimum soil fertility limits suggested for Indian citrus cultivars, primarily governed by prevailing soil fertility constraints. Multi-location nutrient specific field response studies lacked heavily on the point of uniformity in yield and quality improvements when replicated at other locations. Site specific nutrient management studies demonstrated soil type-based fertilization, suggesting the fertilizers to be tailored as per canopy size within an orchard to derive rationality in fertilizer use within an orchard. Fertigation has further reduced the optimum fertilizer requirement by 30-40%, in addition to microbial consortium-based integrated nutrient management saving 30% cut from conventional RDF. Many other significant advances have taken place to improve the fertilizer-use-efficiency e.g. sensor-based variable rate application, fertigation using magnetized irrigation, open field hydroponics, and dual purpose microbially loaded substrate (organic manure) enriched with limited inorganic fertilizers collectively known as INM a plausible alternative.
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Kumar, Rakesh, M. R. Yadav, Mohd Arif, D. M. Mahala, Dinesh Kumar, P. C. Ghasal, K. C. Yadav, and R. K. Verma. "Multiple agroecosystem services of forage legumes towards agriculture sustainability: An overview." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, no. 8 (October 14, 2020): 1367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i8.105882.
Full textAbstract:
Forage legumes are contributing in sustainable crop production apart from nutritional security to the livestock. Forage legumes are crucial for the nutritional security for mankind as they are integral component for increased availability of animal protein and product which has higher biological value compared to plant proteins. The inclusion of forage legumes in crop production systems is more useful as these can not only provide food and feed to animals but also improves soil productivity and act as soil-conserving components of agricultural and agroforestry systems. Production system as a whole and tremendous deficit of forage nutritious resources demand in particular to give some importance to the forage crops especially leguminous forages. Therefore, critical assessment is necessary for determining the direction and magnitude of change in agricultural management practice with inclusions of forage legume. Forage legumes have good capacity as a feed to promote sufficient quantities and qualities required for different productive animals. Therefore, these crops can contribute to achieving the objectives of sustainable food/ fodder and environmental security. Hence, inclusion of legumes forages in cropping system is inevitable in advancing soil sustainability and food and nutritional security without compromising the long-term soil fertility base of the soil resources. Rational soil management practices must involve forage legume-based rotations and intercropping considerations for restoring soil health, and soil sustainability should be given due emphasis. Besides, forage legumes can also provide a wide range of benefits such as restoration of soil fertility, nitrogen fixation and fertilizer saving, enhancement of soil biology and biodiversity, improving soil carbon sequestration and by neutralizing negative impact of climate change. This review summarizes the potential role of forage legume in animal nutrition, soil fertility building, nitrogen fixation, soil biology and biodiversity, carbon sequestration, climate change and other ecological services provided.
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Chisanga, Kafula, Ernest R. Mbega, and Patrick A. Ndakidemi. "Prospects of Using Termite Mound Soil Organic Amendment for Enhancing Soil Nutrition in Southern Africa." Plants 9, no. 5 (May 20, 2020): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9050649.
Full textAbstract:
Termite mound soils are reportedly utilized as an alternative to NPK fertilizers by cashconstrained smallholder farmers in some parts of Southern Africa. However, there is limitedknowledge regarding their mineral nutritional value. The intention of this work was therefore toinvestigate the macro and micronutrient composition of different sections of the termite mounds;top, base and neighboring areas. The study approach involved physical and chemical analysis of 36sites across Pemba and Choma districts in Southern Zambia through collection of soil samples intriplicate at 0–20 cm depth, using a soil auger. Findings revealed that the soil pH had elevatedlevels in the base segments of the termite mounds compared with the top and the neighbouringsoils. However, elevated N, P and K levels were recorded in the top sections with significantdifferences (P < 0.05) in clay and silt composition observed. Additionally, metallic micronutrients,Cu and Zn were also found to be elevated in termite mounds in contrast to surrounding soils. Weconcluded that top termite mound soil should be considered as part of an integrated nutrientmanagement strategy by financially challenged smallholder farmers cultivating in light texturedsoils of southern Africa.
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KARAMANOS, R. E., J. G. FRADETTE, and P. D. GERWING. "EVALUATION OF COPPER AND MANGANESE NUTRITION OF SPRING WHEAT GROWN ON ORGANIC SOILS." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 65, no. 1 (February 1, 1985): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss85-014.
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A growth chamber experiment with six organic soils was conducted to assess the Cu and Mn nutrition of spring wheat grown on organic soils. Three rates of Cu (0, 5, and 10 μg∙g−1 of equivalent volume of a fsl) and three rates on Mn (0, 25, and 50 μg∙g−1 of equivalent volume of a fsl) were applied in all combinations to spring wheat grown on six organic soils. Normal growth of wheat plants was achieved only in soils and treatments where a proper balance on Mn and Cu was achieved. Dry matter yield responses at 45, and 60 days and grain yields reflected the significance of this balance. The major conclusion from this study is that normal wheat growth was achieved on organic soils only when the DTPA-extractable soil (soil: extractant ratio of 1:5) Mn/Cu ratio was between 1–15. At Mn/Cu ratio below 1 and above 15, yield reducion and death of plants occurred due to Mn and Cu deficiency, respectively. Key words: Organic soils, spring wheat, available soil Mn and Cu, Mn/Cu interaction, Mn/Cu ratio
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Loch, Jakab. "The Role and Significance of Soil Analyses in Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 19 (March 4, 2006): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/19/3140.
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Hungary has a rich history of soil analyses and soil mapping. Our main tasks today are the preservation of soil fertility as well as balancing the goals of production and environmental protection. The main requirement of agricultural production is to adapt to ecological and economic conditions.In a series of consultative meetings in the past seven years, representatives from Central and Eastern Europe have analyzed nutrient management practices in their respective countries. According to a joint memorandum agreed upon in 2000, in the countries awaiting accession, the quantity of nutrients used per hectare is considerably smaller than the Western-European usage targeted through special subsidies. The current low nutrient usage contradicts the principles of sustainability and that of the efficient use of resources, jeopardizing soil fertility.In Hungary, the use of inorganic fertilizers underwent a dynamic development, which manifested itself in an almost tenfold usage growth between 1960 and 1985. This growth slowed down somewhat between 1985 and 1990 and then reduced dramatically after 1990, reaching record lows at the usage levels of the 60s. The nutrient supply has had a negative balance for the last 15 years.The increasing and then decreasing usage trends can equally be detected in the domestic yield averages of wheat and corn as well as in the nutrient supply of soils. Yields were the largest when usage levels were the highest, and decreased thereafter. Draughts have also contributed to smaller yields. The dramatic decrease in the use of inorganic fertilizers when adequate organic fertilizers are lacking endangers our soils’ fertility.About 50% of soils in Hungary are acidic. Acidity is mostly determined by soil formation, but especially on soils with a low buffering capacity, this acidity may intensify due to inorganic fertilizers. Sustainable agriculture requires the chemical improvement of acidic soils. According to their y1 values, the majority of our acidic soils need to be improved. This chemical soil remediation is required in 15% of the acidic soils, while it’s recommended for another 20% of these soils.Results of the analyses conducted in the framework of the soil-monitoring system set up in Hungary in 1992 show that in 95% of the analyzed samples, the toxic element content is below the allowable limit. Cultivated areas are not contaminated; toxicity above the legal level was found only in specific high-risk sampling areas: in the vicinity of industry, due to local overload. The basic principle of sustainable agriculture is to preserve soil fertility without undue strain on the environment. The intensity of the production needs to be considered according to the conditions of the site; i.e.; nutrient management needs to be site-specific. It is recommended to differentiate three types of cultivated land in terms of environmental sensitivity: areas with favorable conditions, endangered areas, and protected areas, and then to adopt nutrient management practices accordingly. To meet all the above-mentioned goals is impossible without systematic soil analysis. Tests conducted by the national monitoring system cannot replace regular field measurements.
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Carvajal-Tapia, Juliana, Sandra Morales Velasco, Daniel M. Villegas, Jacobo Arango, and Nelson José Vivas Quila. "Biological nitrification inhibition and forage productivity of Megathyrsus maximus in Colombian dry tropics." Plant, Soil and Environment 67, No. 5 (April 30, 2021): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/445/2020-pse.
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Agronomic, nutritional, and environmental aspects are integrated to promote sustainable tropical grassland production. Biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) is a plant-based strategy to improve nitrogen use efficiency by grasses in which they suppress the pace of soil nitrification via exudation of inhibitory compounds. To evaluate the effect of BNI on the productive performance of Megathyrsus maximus under field conditions, we evaluated a collection of 27 germplasm accessions and commercial cultivars of the forage grass in the dry tropics of Colombia. We measured plant yield dry matter, nutrition quality parameters, and nitrification rates of soil at 22 months after pasture establishment. Our results highlighted germplasm accessions of superior agronomic performance (for dry matter production and nutrition quality) and high capacity to decrease nitrification. Although no relation was observed between agronomic aspects, nutritional aspects, and nitrification rates, we conclude that there is no agronomic or nutritional penalty on environmentally friendly grasses, and BNI could be adopted as a target trait in plant breeding programs toward the development of eco-efficient forages and contribute to the sustainable intensification of livestock systems.
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Neina, Dora. "The Role of Soil pH in Plant Nutrition and Soil Remediation." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2019 (November 3, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5794869.
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In the natural environment, soil pH has an enormous influence on soil biogeochemical processes. Soil pH is, therefore, described as the “master soil variable” that influences myriads of soil biological, chemical, and physical properties and processes that affect plant growth and biomass yield. This paper discusses how soil pH affects processes that are interlinked with the biological, geological, and chemical aspects of the soil environment as well as how these processes, through anthropogenic interventions, induce changes in soil pH. Unlike traditional discussions on the various causes of soil pH, particularly soil acidification, this paper focuses on relationships and effects as far as soil biogeochemistry is concerned. Firstly, the effects of soil pH on substance availability, mobility, and soil biological processes are discussed followed by the biogenic regulation of soil pH. It is concluded that soil pH can broadly be applied in two broad areas, i.e., nutrient cycling and plant nutrition and soil remediation (bioremediation and physicochemical remediation).
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Tubeileh, Ashraf, Francis Turkelboom, Anwar Al-Ibrahem, Richard Thomas, and Kholoud Sultan-Tubeileh. "Modelling the Effects of Soil Conditions on Olive Productivity in Mediterranean Hilly Areas." International Journal of Agronomy 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/672123.
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The majority of olive (Olea europaeaL.) production in Mediterranean environments is characterized by low external inputs and is practiced in hilly areas with shallow soils. This study aimed to study the yield and nutritional status for olive (cv. “Zeiti”) trees in northwestern Syria and establish correlations between yield, on the one hand, and soil/land factors and tree nutrition, on the other hand, to determine the most yield-affecting factors. Land and soil fertility parameters (field slope, soil depth, and soil nutrients) and concentrations of leaf minerals were determined. As olive roots can go deep in the soil profile to extract nutrients, the total available nutrients per tree (over the whole profile) were estimated. Multiple regression analyses were performed to determine the model that best accounts for yield variability. Total available soil potassium amount (R2=0.68), soil total N amount (R2=0.59), and soil depth (R2=0.56) had the highest correlations with olive fruit yields. Available soil potassium amount and soil depth explained together 77% of the yield variability observed. In addition to these two factors, adding leaf B and Fe concentrations to the model increased the variability explained to 83%.
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Wilmot, Timothy R., David S. Ellsworth, and Melvin T. Tyree. "Relationships among crown condition, growth, and stand nutrition in seven northern Vermont sugarbushes." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, no. 3 (March 1, 1995): 386–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-043.
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We compared growth with soil and foliar elemental composition in seven stands of sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) in northern Vermont characterized by high or low incidence of crown dieback over the period 1989–1992. In stands with low-quality crown conditions, such as elevated crown dieback, long-term basal area growth rates were approximately half of those in stands with higher crown quality. Average annual basal area growth was 17.5 cm2 for dominant trees in these stands during the period 1953–1992 compared with 32.3 cm2 for trees in higher quality stands. The occurrence of elevated crown dieback was apparently unrelated to stand characteristics such as stand age, basal area, stem density, elevation, or aspect among the stands sampled. Stands with elevated crown dieback were found on soils characterized by low pH ( <4.0), low base cation pools (particularly Ca and Mg), and higher Al in soil surface horizons than higher quality stands. Over 4 years, sugar maple stands with elevated crown dieback exhibited significantly lower (P < 0.01) foliar Ca concentrations and somewhat lower foliar N and Mg than higher quality stands, while soil and foliar K were similar in both dieback classes. Among survey plots sampled in 1989, soil pH and Ca were strongly correlated with foliar Ca and K (P < 0.001). Soil pH, soil Ca, and foliar Ca were also strongly correlated with the level of crown dieback among plots and stands (P < 0.0001). Our results indicate that podzolic soils in northern Vermont may present marginal conditions for sugar maple growth in terms of soil pH and soil Ca availability, but that P and K pools appear to be sufficient for growth. While a lack of historical data prevents identification of long-term trends in nutrient availability in these soils, factors promoting losses of base cations from acidic, base-cation-poor Podzols may also exacerbate foliar nutrient deficiencies and thus affect the crown condition of sugarbushes in northern Vermont.
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Swietlik, Dariusz. "Zinc Nutrition of Fruit Crops." HortTechnology 12, no. 1 (January 2002): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.12.1.45.
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Zinc (Zn) deficiency is widespread throughout the world causing economic losses on a number of crops. Despite the fact that much information was generated during the last 20 years on Zn soil chemistry and its inorganic phase equilibrium, the mechanism controlling the amount of free Zn+2 present in the soil solution is not yet completely understood. This information is critical for the development of effective techniques of supplying Zn through the soil. As Zn moves very slowly through the soil, however, and a large portion of fruit tree root system occupies deep soil layers, foliar sprays with Zn are generally more effective than soil treatments in alleviating Zn deficiency symptoms. That is why many extension specialists recommend this approach. In view of the poor mobility of foliar-absorbed Zn in plants, however, we may need to reexamine this approach. Zinc foliar sprays may be effective in controlling Zn deficiency in leaves, but not in alleviating Zn deficiency in roots or subsequent flushes of growth. Also, the conditions under which fruit trees are most likely to respond to corrective Zn treatments are not well understood and the critical periods for Zn supply to assure optimal fruit set, fruit growth, and high fruit external and internal quality are not well defined. Field studies on fruit trees suggest that Zn deficiency must be quite severe to make the application of this element economically justifiable. In well-controlled greenhouse studies, however, growth responses were realized on plants only mildly affected by Zn deficiency. If considerable field variability may explain this discrepancy in the data, then future field research must use improved methodologies to properly quantify the impact of various levels of Zn deficiency on tree growth, fruit yield, and fruit quality.
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Mariano, Isabela Orlando dos Santos, Luiz Arnaldo Fernandes, Valdemar Faquin, and Alex Teixeira de Andrade. "Phosphorus critical levels and availability in lowland soils cultivated with flooded rice." Scientia Agricola 59, no. 1 (March 2002): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162002000100017.
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Lowland soils present a great potential for the flooded rice crop. This work aimed to estimate critical levels of P in waterlogged soils cultivated with rice using Mehlich 1 and anion exchange resin as soil-P extractors, compare the performance of these extractors as for the evaluation of the P availability, and study the soil-P fractions involved in the P nutrition of the rice crop. Studied soils consisted of four Histosols: Low Humic Gley (GP), Aluvial (A), Humic Gley (GH) and Bog Soil (O) which were previously cultivated with beans. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a factorial scheme, using four soils, five P rates (75, 150, 300, 500 and 800 mg dm-3) and two liming treatments (with and without liming), with three replicates. After 60 days of flooding, soil samples were submitted to P extraction by Mehlich 1 and resin, and phosphorous fractionation. Two rice plants were cultivated in pots containing 3 dm³ of waterlogged soils. The labile P and the moderately labile P of the soils contributed for rice nutrition. The two tested extractors presented efficiency in the evaluation of P availability for the rice cultivated in lowland waterlogged soils.
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Dradrach, Agnieszka, Muhammad Iqbal, Karolina Lewińska, Natalia Jędroszka, Gull-e-Faran, Muhammad Arbaz Khalid Rana, and Hafiz Syed Tanzeem-ul-Haq. "Effects of Soil Application of Chitosan and Foliar Melatonin on Growth, Photosynthesis, and Heavy Metals Accumulation in Wheat Growing on Wastewater Polluted Soil." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 6, 2022): 8293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148293.
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Due to freshwater scarcity in developing countries, irrigating the arable land with wastewater poses potential ecological risks to the environment and food quality. Using cheap soil amendments and foliar application of a newly discovered molecule “melatonin” (ML) can alleviate these effects. The objectives of this pot study were to evaluate the effectiveness of the sole addition of chitosan (CH) and sugar beet factory lime (SBL) in wastewater impacted soil, foliar application of ML, and combining each soil amendment with ML on the heavy metals (HMs) accumulation, growth, nutritional quality and photosynthesis in wheat. Results showed that CH was more effective than SBL for reducing HMs bioavailability in soil, HMs distribution in plants, improving photosynthesis, nutritional quality, and growth. ML application also influenced plant parameters but less than CH and SBL. The CH+ML treatment was the most effective for influencing plant parameters and reducing HMs bioavailability in the soil. Compared to control, CH+ML significantly reduced the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Co in roots, shoots, and grain up to 89%. We conclude that adding CH+ML in wastewater impacted soils can remediate the soil; reduce HMs concentrations in plants; and improve their photosynthesis, plant growth, grain yield, and nutrition.
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Srivastava, A. K., Shyam Singh, and R. A. Marathe. "Organic Citrus: Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition." Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 19, no. 3 (March 2002): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j064v19n03_03.
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Srivastava, A. K., and Shyam Singh. "Citrus Decline: Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition." Journal of Plant Nutrition 32, no. 2 (February 4, 2009): 197–245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904160802592706.
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Prasad, Rajendra, and Yashbir Singh Shivay. "Sulphur in Soil, Plant and Human Nutrition." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences 88, no. 2 (July 21, 2016): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40011-016-0769-0.
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BECK, ROBERT H. "Advances in Plant Nutrition." Soil Science 140, no. 6 (December 1985): 468–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198512000-00012.
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Wanek, Wolfgang, Stefan K. Arndt, Werner Huber, and Marianne Popp. "Nitrogen nutrition during ontogeny of hemiepiphytic Clusia species." Functional Plant Biology 29, no. 6 (2002): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp01238.
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This paper originates from a presentation at the IIIrd International Congress on Crassulacean Acid Metabolism, Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia, August 2001. We investigated the nitrogen (N) nutrition of Clusia osaensis, C. peninsulae and C. valerii during the seedling, epiphytic and hemiepiphytic phase in a lowland tropical forest in Costa Rica in order to elucidate nutritional adaptations of different plant growth stages to their habitat. Although all Clusia individuals were non-mycorrhizal, excised roots of seedlings, but also of epiphytic and hemiepiphytic stages, showed a distinct preference for glycine uptake. The shift in main rooting site from canopy soil to terrestrial soil was not reflected by changes in uptake rate or preference, although N availability and the composition of the available N pool changed significantly. High foliar N concentrations indicated that epiphytic seedlings seemed to be sufficiently supplied with N by maternal seed resources and canopy soils. With development, the epiphytic plants of Clusia may face N limitation due to higher N demands with increasing growth and restricted resources in the tree crowns. 15N natural abundance data indicate that epiphytes mainly accessed atmospheric and, to a lesser extent, canopy soil N sources and, after becoming terrestrially anchored, in the hemiepiphytic life stage exploited the larger nutrient reservoir of the ground soil. In consequence, Clusia species did not show an adaptation to the different N availability situations that they experienced whether canopy or ground-rooted.
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Jessop, RS, G. Roth, and P. Sale. "Effects of increased levels of soil CaCO3 on Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) growth and nutrition." Soil Research 28, no. 6 (1990): 955. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9900955.
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Little published evidence exists which relates narrow-leafed lupin growth to lime levels in soils when compared with growth on a soil with minimal or zero levels of lime. This pot experiment measured lupin growth and nodulation plus plant levels of Ca and Fe by using mixtures of a gilgaid black earth soil with varying quantities of free lime. A sand control allowed a plant growth comparison at minimal levels of lime. Iron sequestrene was added to all treatments to eliminate iron chlorosis. Plants harvested 68 days after sowing showed adequate levels of Fe. However, plant height, branch number, shoot and root dry weight and nodulation were markedly lower for plants grown on the low lime depression soil than those from the sand. Further major reductions in all aspects of growth occurred with increasing levels of the mound (high lime) soil. These effects were strongly related to soil and plant Ca levels; it is suggested that poor lupin growth on highly calcareous soils may be related to adverse direct effects of Ca.