Academic literature on the topic 'Soil nutrition'
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Journal articles on the topic "Soil nutrition"
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ZF, Fawzy. "Compost Production for Soil Nutrition." Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics 5, no. 2 (August 5, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000173.
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One of the biggest problems fans face is maintaining soil fertility. The constant use of chemical fertilizers is also harmful. Therefore, a supplemental dose of compost is necessary to improve soil fertility. Organic fertilizers like compost make better use of all farm and animal waste and convert nutrients into an easily available form, increasing soil fertility. Compost is the product of an aerobic process during which microorganisms break down organic matter into a stable amendment to improve soil quality and fertility. During the composting process, microorganisms use organic matter as a food source, and produce heat, carbon dioxide, water vapor and humus as a result of their vigorous growth and activity. When applied to and mixed in soil, humus can promote good soil structure, improve water and nutrient holding capacity, and help control erosion. Humus makes up approximately 60 per cent of the final compost.
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Mamadalieva, Saidakhon Bakhodirbekovna, and Zuhriddin Muminovich Jumaboev. "Agricultural Measures In Soil Effect On Nutrition." American Journal of Applied sciences 02, no. 12 (December 12, 2020): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume02issue12-02.
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Results of scientific substantiation and introduction of optimal nutritional norms,seedling thickness and water consumption in the production of fairy-tale, high- quality cotton crop of UzPITI-201 cotton cultivated in the technology of sowing seeds under the film, which is a key element of accelerated saving technologies in light gray soils of Andijan region listed.
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Broschat, Timothy K. "Palm Nutrition and Fertilization." HortTechnology 19, no. 4 (January 2009): 690–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.19.4.690.
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Palms (Arecaceae) growing in containers have similar nutritional requirements as other tropical ornamental plants and grow well with fertilizers having an elemental ratio of 3N:0.4P:1.7K. However, palms growing in the landscape or field nurseries have very different nutritional requirements from dicotyledonous plants. Whereas nitrogen (N) is the primary limiting nutrient element in container production, potassium (K), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), boron (B), and iron (Fe) deficiencies are more widespread than N deficiency in most landscape soils. Because palms have a single apical meristem, deficiencies of K, Mn, or B can be fatal. In addition to insufficient nutrients in the soil, palm nutrient deficiencies can be caused by high soil pH, certain types of organic matter, deep planting, poor soil aeration, cold soil temperatures, and nutrient imbalances. Correction of nutritional deficiencies in palms can take up to 2 years or longer and therefore prevention of deficiencies by proper fertilization is important. Research has shown that high N:K ratio fertilizers applied directly, or indirectly via application to adjacent turfgrass in a landscape, can exacerbate K and Mg deficiencies in palms, sometimes fatally. For sandy Atlantic coastal plain soils in the southeastern United States, an analysis of 8N–0.9P–10K–4Mg plus micronutrients has been recommended.
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Lungu, Mihaela, Sorin Liviu Ștefănescu, and Monica Dumitrașcu. "Quality of Organic Vegetables Grown in Two Certified Sites on the Outskirts of Bucharest Municipality." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 11, no. 2 (October 1, 2017): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pesd-2017-0035.
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Abstract Soil fertility properties, irrigation water quality, mineral nutrition, and some vegetables mineral composition were studied in the frame of a project regarding yield quality monitoring in certified organic vegetable farms, in two farms placed on the outskirts of Bucharest Municipality which provide products for the town’s organic market. Chemical analysis of the soil samples collected from the two farms reflects a good fertility, close to the natural one of this region soils, with well-balanced organic matter, total nitrogen, accessible phosphorus and potassium contents. The nitrates contents concord with the plants nutrition demands and don’t present the risk to accumulate in vegetables or to leach into the groundwater. Slightly increased microelements, both total and soluble forms, occur. Soil microbiological properties are favorable for vegetable plants growth. A good biodiversity is noticed. There are differences between soil properties in open field and greenhouses, induced both by the type and degree of mechanical works and materials applied for fertilization and plant protection. Good conditions are generally created for plants mineral nutrition. Mineral nutrition status of the vegetables grown in organic conditions, assessed by the leaves mineral composition, doesn’t differ from the one of the vegetables grown in conventional conditions. The vegetables (fresh material) harvested from the two studied farms have good, even high, concentrations of mineral elements important for the yield nutritional quality. The excessive microelements quantities noticed in soil don’t transfer in the yield, so the latter quality and nutritional properties are not altered.
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Kumhálová, J., Š. Matějková, M. Fifernová, J. Lipavský, and F. Kumhála. "Topography impact on nutrition content in soil and yield." Plant, Soil and Environment 54, No. 6 (June 26, 2008): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/257-pse.
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The main aim of this study was to determine the dependence of yield and selected soil properties on topography of the experimental field by using topographical data (elevation, slope and flow accumulation). The topography and yield data were obtained from a yield monitor for combine harvester, and soil properties data were taken from sampling points of our experimental field. Initially, the topographical parameters of elevation and slope were estimated and then the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) grid was created. On the basis of field slope the flow direction model and the flow accumulation model were created. The flow accumulation model, elevation and slope were then compared with the yield and content of nitrogen and organic carbon in soil in the years 2004, 2005 and 2006 in relation to the sum of precipitation and temperatures in crop growing seasons of these years. The correlation analysis of all previously mentioned elements was calculated and statistical evaluation proved a significant dependence of yield and soil nutrition content on flow accumulation. For the wettest evaluated year the correlation coefficient 0.25 was calculated, for the driest year it was 0.62.
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Čekstere, Gunta, Anita Osvalde, and Māris Laiviņš. "Mineral Nutrition of Young Ash in Latvia." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 70, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/prolas-2016-0022.
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Abstract The research objectives were: 1) to determine healthy young ash supply with nutrients and their concentrations in natural growth conditions; 2) to estimate nutrient balance and inter-correlations within a system “soil-plants”; and 3) to determine the potential effect of environmental conditions (forest type, plant phytosociological group, soil group, etc.) on nutrient accumulation in soil and leaves of young ash. The investigation was conducted in 28 different forest sites with young ash in Latvia. The results demonstrated that young ash grows well on a wide range of site types in terms of soil composition, forest type and phytosociological tree group. Although highly heterogeneous, soil in ash stands in Latvia can provide a sufficient supply of nutrients. Therefore, the nutrient status of healthy young ash leaves can be characterized as sufficient, although low levels of P, Zn, and K in leaves was found for most sites. Significant impact of soil group and forest type was found on nutrient composition of ash soil, while leaf nutrient concentrations were more dependent on the forest type and phytosociological tree group. The obtained results confirmed the ability of ash to accumulate nutrients within a certain range from soils of different fertility, organic matter content and soil reaction in Latvia.
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Rochester, Ian J. "Phosphorus and potassium nutrition of cotton: interaction with sodium." Crop and Pasture Science 61, no. 10 (2010): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp10043.
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Poor phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) nutrition limits the growth and yield of many cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crops in Australia. The demand for nutrients from cotton crops has risen as yields have increased over the past 40 years, and some soils have become depleted in these nutrients. Cotton is commonly grown on sodic soils that are more prone to nutritional problems. A survey of thirty-one sites over four years in northern NSW, Australia included twelve sites that had sodic topsoil. However, available soil P and K at all sites were above established critical values for cotton crops. Soil sodicity was negatively correlated with available soil P and K, and positively with soil salinity and chloride. Cotton leaf P and K concentrations at flowering were negatively correlated with leaf sodium (Na) concentration. The cotton crops growing in sodic soils produced 20% less dry matter (3 weeks before crop defoliation) and crop P and K uptake was reduced by 23% and 25%, respectively, whereas Na uptake was 107% higher. High soil sodicity also reduced the uptake of micro-nutrients. Two field experiments in adjacent sodic and non-sodic areas on one farm showed a yield response to P fertiliser application at the non-sodic site only, but where soil P availability was above the accepted critical value. Application of K fertiliser did not increase crop K uptake or yield. The lower yield and poorer growth of irrigated cotton on sodic soils was related to higher Na uptake and lower P and K uptake, possibly due to restricted root growth in sodic soils.
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Heltai, Gy, and Gy Füleky. "Soil analysis and nutrition capacity." Microchemical Journal 46, no. 1 (August 1992): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-265x(92)90018-x.
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Howard, Sir Albert. "Soil fertility, nutrition, and health." Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry 56, no. 52 (September 8, 2010): 1155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5000565204.
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Prietzel, Jörg, Jaane Krüger, Klaus Kaiser, Wulf Amelung, Sara L. Bauke, Michaela A. Dippold, Ellen Kandeler, et al. "Soil phosphorus status and P nutrition strategies of European beech forests on carbonate compared to silicate parent material." Biogeochemistry 158, no. 1 (February 2022): 39–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10533-021-00884-7.
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AbstractSustainable forest management requires understanding of ecosystem phosphorus (P) cycling. Lang et al. (2017) [Biogeochemistry,https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-017-0375-0] introduced the concept of P-acquiring vs. P-recycling nutrition strategies for European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests on silicate parent material, and demonstrated a change from P-acquiring to P-recycling nutrition from P-rich to P-poor sites. The present study extends this silicate rock-based assessment to forest sites with soils formed from carbonate bedrock. For all sites, it presents a large set of general soil and bedrock chemistry data. It thoroughly describes the soil P status and generates a comprehensive concept on forest ecosystem P nutrition covering the majority of Central European forest soils. For this purpose, an Ecosystem P Nutrition Index (ENIP) was developed, which enabled the comparison of forest P nutrition strategies at the carbonate sites in our study among each other and also with those of the silicate sites investigated by Lang et al. (2017). The P status of forest soils on carbonate substrates was characterized by low soil P stocks and a large fraction of organic Ca-bound P (probably largely Ca phytate) during early stages of pedogenesis. Soil P stocks, particularly those in the mineral soil and of inorganic P forms, including Al- and Fe-bound P, became more abundant with progressing pedogenesis and accumulation of carbonate rock dissolution residue. Phosphorus-rich impure, silicate-enriched carbonate bedrock promoted the accumulation of dissolution residue and supported larger soil P stocks, mainly bound to Fe and Al minerals. In carbonate-derived soils, only low P amounts were bioavailable during early stages of pedogenesis, and, similar to P-poor silicate sites, P nutrition of beech forests depended on tight (re)cycling of P bound in forest floor soil organic matter (SOM). In contrast to P-poor silicate sites, where the ecosystem P nutrition strategy is direct biotic recycling of SOM-bound organic P, recycling during early stages of pedogenesis on carbonate substrates also involves the dissolution of stable Ca-Porg precipitates formed from phosphate released during SOM decomposition. In contrast to silicate sites, progressing pedogenesis and accumulation of P-enriched carbonate bedrock dissolution residue at the carbonate sites promote again P-acquiring mechanisms for ecosystem P nutrition.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Soil nutrition"
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Herbert, Nick. "The mineral nutrition of heather on calcareous soil." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285878.
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Ericaceous plants grow preferentially on soils with a low pH, and generally perform poorly in areas with high pH calcareous soils. The reasons for the calcifuge behaviour of species of one genus, Erica, was studied in a calcareous rendzina collected from the South Downs, with a view to identifying physiological characteristics which could be used to select for improved lime-tolerance in the Ericaceae. Varieties of E. carnea and E. x darleyensis were shown to be relatively resistant to chalk-soil compared with varieties of E. vagans. In soil-based screening experiments, E. vagans 'Lyonesse' and 'Mrs D. F. Maxwell' rapidly developed severe foliar chlorosis, or lime-induced chlorosis, and their growth in soil was depressed by up to 7-fold compared with plants in an acid (pH 4) peat compost. E. carnea and E. x darleyensis varieties were resistant to chlorosis and remained green in chalk soil. The addition of nutrients (NPK and trace elements) increased the growth of the lime-resistant varieties in both peat and chalk soil. In nutrient solution, the source of nitrogen (nitrate or ammonium ions) had little effect on the growth of either lime-resistant or lime-sensitive varieties, although some varieties performed better when a component of the N was in the form of N03'. In an Fe-free nutrient solution, 1 mM NaHCO3 markedly reduced the root and shoot growth of both lime-tolerant and sensitive varieties. The clear differences between lime-resistant and lime-sensitive varieties found in soil experiments were not apparent with NaHCO3 in solution culture indicating that low concentrations of bicarbonate in nutrient solution may not be an appropriate method of screening for improved lime-tolerance in Erica. Bicarbonate and high pH in nutrient solution depressed the uptake of the radioisotopes 59Fe and 86Rb in both lime-resistant and lime-sensitive cultivars. Iron deficiency, induced by withholding Fe in nutrient solution, resulted in an elevated rate of root Fe(III)EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) reduction compared with Fesufficient plants. The maximum induced Fe(III)EDTA reduction rate (Vn,. ) of limeresistant cultivars (0.96-0.107 pmol. g"' FWT. h'') was lower than that of lime-sensitive varieties (0.125-0.404 tmol. g' FWT. h-1), suggesting that roots of lime-sensitive varieties have a greater capacity for Fe absorption than lime-tolerant varieties. Spraying or watering with Fe chelate (FeEDDHA - ethylenediamine di(ohydroxyphenylacetic acid)) remedied chlorosis in the lime-sensitive varieties and increased leaf chlorophyll by up to six fold and whole plant biomass by up to two fold. Chlorosis was associated with a reduced concentration of o-phenanthroline-extractable ('active') Fe, and a high concentration of total Fe, compared with green tissue. It is concluded that in chalk soil, lime-induced chlorosis, caused by the immobilisation of Fe in the shoot and a reduction in 'physiologically active' Fe in the leaf tissue, characterises lime-sensitive heather varieties. Resistance to chalk soil in Erica appears not to be related to root physiology. Rather the ability to transport and distribute Fe within the shoot under calcareous conditions is a major factor contributing to limeresistance in heathers.
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Coyle, Kieran. "An investigation of the role of soil micro-organisms in phosphorus mobilisation : a report submitted to fulfil the requrements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc8814.pdf.
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Kim, Hak Jin. "Ion-selective electrodes for simultaneous real-time analysis for soil macronutrients." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4471.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (April 26, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Santos, Francisco SÃrgio Ribeiro dos. "Production and nutrition in strawberry crop soil and hydroponic." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13165.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorTraditional soil based strawberry production currently faces some obstacles, both by excessive use of pesticides, as the diseases caused by fungi and other pathogens and ergonomic difficulties of cultivating the soil. Strawberry soilless cultivation combined with greenhouse and the use of substrate promotes some advantages such as: eliminating the use of products for soil disinfection, precocity, increased yields, better crop management conditions and crop protection against adverse weather conditions, pest attacks and diseases.. The objective of the study was to evaluate yield and nutrition of four strawberry cultivars in three cropping systems in Serra da Ibiapaba â CearÃ. The experiment was conducted in 3 x 4 factorial design, randomized blocks, with three cultivation systems arranged in strips (soil, hydroponic in gutters and bags), with four strawberry cultivars (Oso Grande, Albion, and Camarosa and Festival) and five replications. Coconut fiber was used as substrate in the hydroponic systems. In the period between the sixth and thirty-eighth week after transplanting, the number and average fruit weight, yield per plant and yield were determined. From the beginning of flowering, leaves were collected every two months to determine the levels of macro and micronutrients. Hydroponic gutter and bag systems increased the number of fruits per plant, but did not increase average fruit weight. The strawberry yield in hydroponic cultivation system was superior to soil cultivation. Cultivar Festival presented more fruits than the other cultivars in hydroponic systems. The Oso Grande and Festival cultivars stood out as the average fruit weight and yield, respectively, and may be recommended for hydroponic cultivation for the region of Serra da Ibiapaba. Based on the leaf nutrient contents, it is suggested adjustments in concentrations of phosphorus and magnesium in the nutrient solution used in hydroponic strawberry crop. Keywords: Fragaria x ananassa, cultivar, nutrients, crop system,
O cultivo do morangueiro no solo enfrenta atualmente alguns entraves, tanto pelo uso excessivo de defensivos, como pelas doenÃas causadas por fungos e outros patÃgenos e as dificuldades ergonÃmicas do cultivo no solo. O cultivo em sistemas sem solo combinado com ambiente protegido e o uso de substrato proporciona algumas vantagens como: eliminaÃÃo do uso de produtos destinados à desinfecÃÃo do solo, antecipaÃÃo do inÃcio das colheitas, aumento da produÃÃo, proteÃÃo da cultura Ãs condiÃÃes meteorolÃgicas adversas, ataque de pragas e doenÃas e melhores condiÃÃes de manejo da cultura. O experimento teve como objetivo avaliar a produÃÃo e nutriÃÃo de quatro cultivares de morango em trÃs sistemas de cultivo na Serra da Ibiapaba â CearÃ. O experimento foi conduzido em esquema fatorial 3 x 4, em blocos casualizados, sendo trÃs sistemas de cultivo dispostos em faixa (solo, hidropÃnico em calhas e em s a c o l a s ), com quatro cultivares de morangueiro (Oso Grande, Albion, Camarosa e Festival), com cinco repetiÃÃes. No sistema hidropÃnico foi utilizado como substrato fibra de coco. No perÃodo entre a sexta e trigÃsima oitava semana apÃs o transplantio, foi determinado o nÃmero e peso mÃdio de frutos, produÃÃo por planta e produtividade. A partir do inÃcio do florescimento, foram coletadas a cada dois meses folhas para determinaÃÃo dos teores de macro e micronutrientes. Os sistemas hidropÃnicos em calha e em sacolas aumentaram o nÃmero de frutos por planta, porÃm nÃo aumentaram o peso mÃdio de frutos. A produtividade do morangueiro cultivado no sistema hidropÃnico foi superior ao cultivo no solo. A cultivar Festival apresentou maior nÃmero de frutos em relaÃÃo as demais cultivares nos sistemas hidropÃnicos. As cultivares Oso Grande e Festival destacaram-se quanto a peso mÃdio de frutos e produtividade, respectivamente, sendo recomendadas para cultivo hidropÃnico para regiÃo da Serra da Ibiapaba. Com base nos teores de nutirentes na folha sugere-se ajustes nas concentraÃÃes de fÃsforo e magnÃsio na soluÃÃo nutritiva utilizada no cultivo hidropÃnico do morangueiro. Palavras-chaves: Fragaria x ananassa, cultivar, sistema de cultivo, nutrientes.
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Yeap, Simon Guo Hong. "Implications of soil water repellence for crop growth and nutrition." Thesis, Yeap, Simon Guo Hong (2020) Implications of soil water repellence for crop growth and nutrition. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2020. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/59040/.
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In water-limited environments, dryland crop and pasture production on water-repellent sandy soils is often constrained by reduced water infiltration, accentuated overland flow and soil erosion, unstable wetting patterns, and the development of preferential flow paths in the soil profile, which consequently cause considerable spatial heterogeneity in soil water content, increased prevalence of isolated dry zones, and decreased overall soil water retention. The same processes are also likely to affect soil nutrient bioavailability and plant nutrient uptake. Indeed, while problems with crop nutrition on water-repellent sandy soils have been reported by many Australian growers, the role of soil water repellence in crop nutrition has not been studied to date and the mechanisms remain unclear. While various methods exist to manage soil water repellence for improving crop and pasture production (e.g., deep soil cultivation, clay spreading, wetting agent application, stimulation of wax-degrading microorganisms, furrow/on-row sowing and water harvesting, and no-tillage and stubble retention), the outcomes for crop nutrition post-amelioration are not well understood.
Several field and glasshouse experiments were, therefore, conducted to assess the implications of soil water repellence and its management on crop growth and nutrition on several sandy soil types from the southwest region of Western Australia. Preliminary field results showed that soil water repellence, if left unmanaged, could adversely affect wheat plant density, shoot dry matter production, K nutrition, and grain yield on a Grey Bleached-Ferric Kandosol (deep grey sandy duplex soil) at Meckering with a moderate water repellence value of up to 1.6 M using the molarity of ethanol droplet (MED) test, supporting the hypothesis that soil water repellence can adversely affect crop growth, nutrition, and grain production. However, it was also revealed at another site, with a Ferric Chromosol (sandy loam yellow duplex soil) at Kojonup, that increased soil water repellence could also increase canola plant density, shoot dry matter production, Cu nutrition, and seed yield when sown with 1 L/ha of banded wetting agent, despite prolonged severe water repellence (MED of 3.4 M) throughout the growing season. Although the underlying mechanisms could not be established from this preliminary study, it was concluded that soil water repellence may have both adverse and beneficial implications, but specific effects on nutrient availability in the root zone and crop nutrition were not defined.
Additional field studies were conducted to assess the effect of soil management practices (spading, one-way plough, subsoil clay spreading, and blanket applications of wetting agent) to alleviate soil water repellence on crop growth and nutrition. While all treatments except for one-way ploughing alleviated soil water repellence, only spading significantly improved wheat emergence, shoot dry matter, K nutrition, and grain yield on a Grey Tenosol (pale deep sandy soil) at Badgingarra. By contrast, at Moora, one-way plough treatments improved canola shoot dry matter and nutrition (Ca, S, B, Cu, and Zn contents) but did not mitigate severe water-repellence on a Ferric Chromosol (sandy ironstone gravel duplex soil), and had no effect on plant density or seed yield. However, the improvements due to soil cultivation can be attributed to the alleviation of soil compaction, given that the alleviation of soil water repellence by blanket-applied wetting agent (50 L/ha) and subsoil clay spreading treatments (250 t/ha; 50 % clay; 159 mg K/kg) had negligible effect on crop growth, nutrition, and grain production. Alleviation of soil water repellence was, therefore, not important for crop production at the Badgingarra and Moora study sites, presumably due to the presence of other soil constraints.
To avoid the confounding effects from multiple limiting factors evident in the field studies, a series of controlled glasshouse experiments were conducted to examine the effects of topsoil water repellence, topsoil thickness, fertiliser placement, variable low water supply, plant density, and/or surface topography on soil water content, soil nutrient availability, and early wheat growth and nutrition in 27 L containers. All glasshouse experiments demonstrated that severely water-repellent topsoil with a wettable furrow, which ensured uniform seedling emergence, significantly increased wheat seedling development, tiller number, shoot dry matter production, and nutrition (especially N, P, and K) during the early vegetative stage in wheat (40-51 DAS), under low but regular water supply (3.4-5.4 mm every two days). The growth stimulation was attributed to in situ water harvesting caused by preferential flow in the wettable furrow which increased the soil wetting and root depth relative to the completely wettable topsoil treatments that exhibited an even but shallow wetting depth. The even but shallow wetting patterns in completely wettable treatments consequently led to an overall decrease in plant-available water and plant water use efficiency, resulting in poor wheat growth and nutrition, especially under a limited water supply. These findings underscore the high efficacy of in situ water harvesting for improving early wheat growth and nutrition on water-repellent soils relative to completely wettable soils, thus demonstrating a beneficial role of soil water repellence in crop growth and nutrition. Adopting in situ water harvesting principles (i.e., furrow sowing, banding wetting agent in the furrow, and using winged knife-points and/or press-wheels) can, therefore, be an effective strategy for managing crop growth and nutrition on water-repellent sandy soils by maximising the use efficiency of limited soil water supply during the crop establishment period.
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Strömgren, Monika. "Soil-surface CO₂ flux and growth in a boreal Norway spruce stand : effects of soil warming and nutrition /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-6304-1.pdf.
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Gosling, Paul. "The role of tree lupin (Lupinus arboreus, sims) in primary succession, with particular reference to phosphorus." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320630.
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Martinez-Sanchez, Jose Luis. "Aspects of rain forest nutrition dynamics at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311704.
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Kering, Maru K. Blevins Dale G. "Manganese nutrition and photosynthesis in NAD-malic enzyme C-4 plants." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/7201.
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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on February 24, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Dale Blevins. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Su, Jinghan. "Nitrogen fertilization and soil mineral nitrogen dynamics to optimize canola yield and nutrition in Québec." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=117231.
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Canola is an ideal feedstock for biodiesel production because of its high oil and low saturated fat concentrations. There is interest in producing more canola in Québec, but producers lack fertilization guidelines to optimize high oilseed yield and quality in canola. Nitrogen (N) is the most important determinate of oilseed yield and quality and N fertilization is important for biomass accumulation during the early vegetative stage and for oil synthesis during the reproductive stage. The first objective of this study was to monitor soil mineral N (NO3-N + NH4-N) dynamics and canola straw nutrition in response to N fertilization. Two fertilization methods - a pre-plant and split application of fertilizer N were studied at the Emile A. Lods Agronomy Research Centre on the Macdonald Campus of McGill University at Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, using a fractional factorial experimental design. The second objective was to evaluate N use efficiency (NUE) and harvest index (HI) of canola grown in pots containing soils from Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, St-Augustin-de-Desmaures and Ottawa using a completely randomized design. Split application of a sidedressed N fertilizer did not increase the post-harvest soil mineral N concentration or increase straw nutrition compared with the pre-plant N application. There was considerable spatio-temporal heterogeneity in soil mineral N dynamics, so additional field trials are warranted. The pot study showed inconsistent correlations between straw N concentration and yield in canola grown in the soils collected from Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue (not related), St-Augustin-de-Desmaures (negative), and Ottawa (positive). Straw N concentrations were related to low straw and oilseed yield, indicating there is an optimal straw N concentration to achieve target yields. Seeding in late May and disease occurrence close to the end of flowering stage reduced the oilseed yield more than straw yield. Future research on the pattern of N translocation (e.g.: from leaf to pod, then to oilseed) under Québec climatic conditions will contribute to the development of an N fertilization guideline. Since some soils in Québec have an appreciable soil N supply, knowledge of how much soil N is used to meet canola N requirement will keep N fertilizer costs low while optimizing oilseed yield and quality.Le canola est une matière première idéale pour la production de biocarburant car il a une teneur élevée en huile et basse en gras saturés. Au Québec, les producteurs sont intéressés à cultiver davantage de canola, mais font face à un manque de directives en matière d'engrais nécessaire afin d'obtenir un haut rendement d'huile de qualité à partir du canola. L'azote (N) est chez les oléagineux le facteur le plus important déterminant le rendement et la qualité de l'huile; l'engrais azoté est important pour l'accumulation de biomasse pendant le premier stade végétatif et pour la production d'huile pendant le stade reproductif. Le premier objectif de la présente étude a été de suivre l'évolution de la dynamique de l'azote minéral du sol (NO3-N + NH4-N) et la nutrition de la paille de canola en réponse à l'engrais azoté. Deux méthodes de fertilisation – fertilisation en présemis et fertilisation partagée fractionnée ont été étudiées au Centre de recherche agronomique Emile A. Lods, au campus Macdonald de l'université McGill à Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, utilisant un plan d'expérience factoriel fractionnel. Le deuxième objectif a été d'évaluer l'efficacité d'utilisation de l'azote (NUE) et l'indice de récolte (HI) du canola cultivé en pots avec du sol provenant de Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, de St-Augustin-de-Desmaures et d'Ottawa, utilisant un plan d'expérience entièrement aléatoire (conception de bloc complètement randomisé). La fertilisation fractionnée et l'application d'azote en bande avec de l'engrais azoté de couverture n'a pas augmenté la concentration d'azote minéral du sol après-récolte, ni la nutrition de la paille de canola comparativement à la fertilisation azotée précoce (see correction above for précoce). Dû à l'importante hétérogénéité spatio-temporelle de la dynamique de l'azote minéral du sol, des études sur le terrain additionnelles sont à recommander. L'étude des plants en pots a démontré une corrélation linéaire négative entre la concentration en azote de la paille et le rendement de la paille. Les concentrations en azote de la paille ont été corrélées avec des bas rendements de paille et d'huile, indiquant qu'il existerait une concentration idéale de l'azote de paille pour obtenir les rendements visés. Certains facteurs réduisent la qualité de l'huile ainsi que le rendement de la paille, soit de semer vers la fin mai ainsi que les maladies qui apparaissent lors de la floraison. D'autres études sur la translocation de l'azote (p. ex. de la feuille à la gousse, puis à la graine) sous les conditions climatiques du Québec contribueront au développement des directives en matière de fertilisation azotée. Puisque certains sols du Québec ont des réserves appréciables d'azote du sol, connaître la quantité d'azote du sol nécessaire afin de satisfaire aux besoins en azote du canola permettra de maintenir de bas coûts pour l'engrais azoté, ainsi que d'optimiser le rendement et la qualité de l'huile des oléagineux.
Books on the topic "Soil nutrition"
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1948-, Nicholas Phil, and South Australian Research and Development Institute., eds. Soil, irrigation and nutrition. Adelaide: South Australian Research and Development Institute, 2004.
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Miransari, Mohammad. Soil nutrients. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.
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Jensen, Bernard. Soil & immunity. [Escondido, CA (Rte 1, Box 52, Escondido 92025)]: B. Jensen, 1988.
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Jones, J. Benton. Plant nutrition and soil fertility manual. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2012.
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Jones, J. Benton. Plant nutrition and soil fertility manual. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2012.
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Depleted & contaminated soil and your food supply. New York: Rosen Pub., 2013.
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Zhongguo nong tian sheng tai xi tong yang fen xun huan yu ping heng ji qi guan li. Beijing: Ke xue chu ban she, 2008.
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Soil, Grass and Cancer: Health of Animals and Men is Linked to the Mineral Balance of the Soil. Austin, Texas: Acres U.S.A., 1999.
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Mahler, Robert Louis. Current nutrient status of soils in Idaho, Oregon and Washington. [Corvallis, Or.]: University of Idaho Cooperative Extension Service, Washington State University Cooperative Extension Service, Oregon State University Cooperative Extension Service, and U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1985.
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Whalen, Joann K. Soil fertility improvement and integrated nutrient management: A global perspective. Rijeka, Croatia: InTech, 2012.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Soil nutrition"
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Maity, A., M. Khayyat, F. Azarmi-Atajan, S. Agehara, and A. Sarkhosh. "Soil and nutrition." In The pomegranate: botany, production and uses, 285–319. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789240764.0285.
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Braschkat, J., A. D. Moore, R. J. Simpson, and P. J. Randall. "Modelling soil acidification under pastures — The GRAZPLAN soil acidity model." In Plant Nutrition, 898–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47624-x_437.
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Mengel, Konrad, Ernest A. Kirkby, Harald Kosegarten, and Thomas Appel. "Soil Copper." In Principles of Plant Nutrition, 599–611. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1009-2_16.
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Aizpurua, A., S. Alava, A. Castellón, A. Alonso, and G. Besga. "Soil potassium determination in pasture soils in the basque country." In Plant Nutrition, 744–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47624-x_361.
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Yang, Lijuan, Yulong Zhang, and Fusheng Li. "Soil Enzyme Activities and Soil Fertility Dynamics." In Advances in Citrus Nutrition, 143–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4171-3_11.
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Hameed Khan, H., and V. Krishnakumar. "Soil Productivity and Nutrition." In The Coconut Palm (Cocos nucifera L.) - Research and Development Perspectives, 323–442. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2754-4_8.
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Sonneveld, Cees, and Wim Voogt. "Soil Solution." In Plant Nutrition of Greenhouse Crops, 33–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2532-6_3.
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Charles, Francis. "Soil Dynamics, Plant Nutrition, and Soil Quality." In Agronomy Monographs, 31–47. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr43.c3.
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George, Timothy S., Ann-Mari Fransson, John P. Hammond, and Philip J. White. "Phosphorus Nutrition: Rhizosphere Processes, Plant Response and Adaptations." In Soil Biology, 245–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15271-9_10.
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Wagner, B., R. Gutser, and U. Schmidhalter. "NIR-Spectroscopy to estimate soil nitrogen supply." In Plant Nutrition, 752–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47624-x_365.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Soil nutrition"
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Chebykina, E. Yu, and E. V. Abakumov. "FOREST FIRES AS A FACTOR OF SOIL NUTRITION REGIMES FORMATION." In Международная научно-практическая конференция почвоведов, агрохимиков и земледелов, посвященная 90-летию почвоведения на Урале "Почвы Урала и Поволжья: экология и плодородие". Уфа: Башкирский государственный аграрный университет, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31563/3-6-6-2021-91-97.
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Vannette, Rachel L. "Mutualistic soil fungi and plant nutrition jointly influence plant-herbivore interactions." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94331.
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Singh, Ayushi, Abhishek Mishra, and Mohammed Ahmed. "Energy Efficient Routing HART Protocol in Soil Nutrition Analysis for Agriculture." In 2019 International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICCS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccs45141.2019.9065827.
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AMIROV, Marat, Igor SERZHANOV, Farid SHAYKHUTDINOV, and Nicolay SEMUSHKIN. "MAIN DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SPRING WHEAT PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE ARABLE FARMING IN THE FOREST-STEPPE BELT OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.254.
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The article presents results of studies of influence of controlled and environmental factors on production process of different varieties of spring wheat carried out in different soil and climatic conditions of Middle Volga region. The forest-steppe area of the Volga region is one of regions of Russia favorable for spring wheat growing by its natural and climatic conditions. Unbalance of nutrition elements in soil, acid soil and predominantly heavy-textured soil hamper the yield growth. Out of all factors vital for plants (light, heat, moisture and nutrition elements) under consideration, providing plants with nutrition elements and moisture are those limiting high crop yields. he objective of our studies is increasing the crop yield with the simultaneous decrease of the produced goods cost makes it necessary to calculate in advance the possible yield level depending on the influence of different factors: environmental, crop variety and etc. The aim of our studies was to develop methods of growing high yield and high quality crops of different varieties of wheat adjusted for conditions of the forest-steppe black soil in the Volga region. Methods of research using field and laboratory tests, the method of state variety tests of agricultural cultures, phenoldisulfonic acid method, finite difference method, disperse analysis method. A set of observations, records and analysis was carried out during the experiments with implementation Russian methodological guidelines and National State Standards. Statistical processing of the yield data, economic and energy estimates was carried out by the methods recommended by Russia Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Economy and Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Having carried out the analysis of natural resources and genetic potential of the wheat varieties, systems of plant nutrition optimization and influence of their predecessors, we have obtained new data about possibility of increasing the spring durum wheat arable area. We have shown the role of different forms of using nitrogenous fertilizers (on the background of phosphorus – potassium ones) in the increase of productivity and improvement of the spring wheat grain quality. An established optimal norm for Gramma variety spring spelt corn seeding has been established for the conditions of the grey forest soil in the Fore-Kama region of the Republic of Tatarstan and the influence of their nutrition on yield has been found.
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Suhag, Sashant, Nidhi Singh, Sanskriti Jadaun, Prashant Johri, Ayush Shukla, and Nidhi Parashar. "IoT based Soil Nutrition and Plant Disease Detection System for Smart Agriculture." In 2021 10th IEEE International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csnt51715.2021.9509719.
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Mattos, João Victor de, and Eduardo Fávero Caires. "SOIL BIOSTIMULANT EFFECT ON NUTRITION AND YIELD OF SOYBEAN AND WHEAT GRAINS." In Anais da I Semana Internacional da Agronomia, XXXVIII Ciclo de Debates Agronômicos de Maringá e XVI Mostra de Trabalhos Científicos em Agronomia. Recife, Brasil: Even3, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/147033.1-1.
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Timmermann, C., and G. F. Félix. "40. Ethical issues involving long-term land leases: a soil sciences perspective." In 6th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-892-6_40.
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Rusakov, Aleksey, Yulia Simonova, Aleksandr Ryumin, A. Popov, and Natalya Lemeshko. "ESTIMATION OF THE FERTILITY OF AGRICULTURAL SOILS IN THE NORTHERN PART OF THE YAROSLAVSK REGION AND TRENDS OF THEIR EVOLUTIONARY CHANGES FOR A 30-YEAR POST AGROGENIC PERIOD BASED ON THE SOIL- ECOLOGICAL INDEX." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1681.978-5-317-06490-7/81-86.
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The assessment of the agricultural production potential of the soils of the former arable lands was carried out on the basis of the updated soil-ecological index. It was revealed that among the agrosoils of Poshekhonsk district, soils with 20-39 points prevail, which generally indicates low and medium levels of potential soil fertility in the studied area in the late perestroika period. Comparison of morphological and genetic properties of soils for the period 1988-1990 and for 2019 showed the trends of their evolutionary changes. Multidirectional trends in the transformation of soil properties, developed on a contrasting lithogenic parent rocks, with a change in land use during the last 30-35-year period have been established. In loamy soils, stable hydromorphism features are observed everywhere, degradation processes prevail, expressed in dehumification, a sharp depletion of mobile forms of mineral nutrition elements of plants and, in some cases, acidification of humus postagrogenic horizons. It has been established that fallow soils on loamy parent material are characterized by a noticeable (by 1.1-1.9 times) decrease in the values of soil-ecological index in comparison with their arable state. On the contrary, in soils of light particle size distribution, the dominant processes are due to an increase in humus content and a decrease in acidity. The specificity of postagrogenic evolution and the emergence of new soil properties should be taken into account when performing soil-agroecological assessments and forecasting agricultural production potential against the background of changed climatic conditions.
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Majstorović, Helena, Bogdan Garalejić, Maja Sudimac, Miloš Pavlović, and Vladimir Čolović. "PARAMETRI PLODNOST ZEMLJIŠTA U FUNKCIJI TIPA ZEMLJIŠTA NA TERITORIJI GRADA PANČEVA 2022ЗБОРНИК БИОДИВЕРЗИТЕТ." In XXVII savetovanje o biotehnologiji. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt27.395m.
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Soil fertility is one of basic caracterisitics of every soil tipe and it is a feature that differentiate soil from bedrock. For determination of soil fertility various physiochemical methods are used, primarily for the purpose of applying soil fertilizers in plant nutrition. In this sense, the following parameters of soil fertility were tested in soil samples: pH in potassium-chloride (KCl), CaCO3, humus, total nitrogen, P2O5, K2O. The results of the research showed high soil fertility in a large number of locations that were surveyed, but also the existence of surveyed sites that require the application of pedomeliorative measures.
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Apse, Jana. "INFLUENCE OF SFAGNUM PEAT ON SOIL AGROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND MINERAL NUTRITION OF HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRIES." In 13th SGEM GeoConference on WATER RESOURCES. FOREST, MARINE AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS. Stef92 Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2013/bc3/s13.010.
Full textReports on the topic "Soil nutrition"
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Setboonsarng, Sununtar, and Elsbeth Gregorio. Large-Scale Soil Health Restoration: The Way Forward for Reversing Climate Change while Enhancing Food and Nutrition Security. Asian Development Bank, November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps179128-2.
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Shenker, Moshe, Paul R. Bloom, Abraham Shaviv, Adina Paytan, Barbara J. Cade-Menun, Yona Chen, and Jorge Tarchitzky. Fate of Phosphorus Originated from Treated Wastewater and Biosolids in Soils: Speciation, Transport, and Accumulation. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697103.bard.
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Beneficial use of reclaimed wastewater (RW) and biosolids (BS) in soils is accompanied by large input of sewage-originated P. Prolonged application may result in P accumulation up to levelsBeneficial use of reclaimed wastewater (RW) and biosolids (BS) in soils is accompanied by large input of sewage-originated P. Prolonged application may result in P accumulation up to levels that impair plant nutrition, increase P loss, and promote eutrophication in downstream waters. This study aims to shed light on the RW- and BS-P forms in soils and to follow the processes that determine P reactivity, solubility, availability, and loss in RW and BS treated soils. The Technion group used sequential P extraction combined with measuring stable oxygen isotopic composition in phosphate (δ18OP) and with 31P-NMR studies to probe P speciation and transformations in soils irrigated with RW or fresh water (FW). The application of the δ18OP method to probe inorganic P (Pi) speciation and transformations in soils was developed through collaboration between the Technion and the UCSC groups. The method was used to trace Pi in water-, NaHCO3-, NaOH-, and HCl- P fractions in a calcareous clay soil (Acre, Israel) irrigated with RW or FW. The δ18OP signature changes during a month of incubation indicated biogeochemical processes. The water soluble Pi (WSPi) was affected by enzymatic activity yielding isotopic equilibrium with the water molecules in the soil solution. Further it interacted rapidly with the NaHCO3-Pi. The more stable Pi pools also exhibited isotopic alterations in the first two weeks after P application, likely related to microbial activity. Isotopic depletion which could result from organic P (PO) mineralization was followed by enrichment which may result from biologic discrimination in the uptake. Similar transformations were observed in both soils although transformations related to biological activity were more pronounced in the soil treated with RW. Specific P compounds were identified by the Technion group, using solution-state 31P-NMR in wastewater and in soil P extracts from Acre soils irrigated by RW and FW. Few identified PO compounds (e.g., D-glucose-6-phosphate) indicated coupled transformations of P and C in the wastewater. The RW soil retained higher P content, mainly in the labile fractions, but lower labile PO, than the FW soil; this and the fact that P species in the various soil extracts of the RW soil appear independent of P species in the RW are attributed to enhanced biological activity and P recycling in the RW soil. Consistent with that, both soils retained very similar P species in the soil pools. The HUJ group tested P stabilization to maximize the environmental safe application rates and the agronomic beneficial use of BS. Sequential P extraction indicated that the most reactive BS-P forms: WSP, membrane-P, and NaHCO3-P, were effectively stabilized by ferrous sulfate (FeSul), calcium oxide (CaO), or aluminum sulfate (alum). After applying the stabilized BS, or fresh BS (FBS), FBS compost (BSC), or P fertilizer (KH2PO4) to an alluvial soil, P availability was probed during 100 days of incubation. A plant-based bioassay indicated that P availability followed the order KH2PO4 >> alum-BS > BSC ≥ FBS > CaO-BS >> FeSul-BS. The WSPi concentration in soil increased following FBS or BSC application, and P mineralization further increased it during incubation. In contrast, the chemically stabilized BS reduced WSPi concentrations relative to the untreated soil. It was concluded that the chemically stabilized BS effectively controlled WSPi in the soil while still supplying P to support plant growth. Using the sequential extraction procedure the persistence of P availability in BS treated soils was shown to be of a long-term nature. 15 years after the last BS application to MN soils that were annually amended for 20 years by heavy rates of BS, about 25% of the added BS-P was found in the labile fractions. The UMN group further probed soil-P speciation in these soils by bulk and micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). This newly developed method was shown to be a powerful tool for P speciation in soils. In a control soil (no BS added), 54% of the total P was PO and it was mostly identified as phytic acid; 15% was identified as brushite and 26% as strengite. A corn crop BS amended soil included mostly P-Fe-peat complex, variscite and Al-P-peat complex but no Ca-P while in a BS-grass soil octacalcium phosphate was identified and o-phosphorylethanolamine or phytic acid was shown to dominate the PO fraction that impair plant nutrition, increase P loss, and promote eutrophication in downstream waters. This study aims to shed light on the RW- and BS-P forms in soils and to follow the processes that determine P reactivity, solubility, availability, and loss in RW and BS treated soils. The Technion group used sequential P extraction combined with measuring stable oxygen isotopic composition in phosphate (δ18OP) and with 31P-NMR studies to probe P speciation and transformations in soils irrigated with RW or fresh water (FW). The application of the δ18OP method to probe inorganic P (Pi) speciation and transformations in soils was developed through collaboration between the Technion and the UCSC groups. The method was used to trace Pi in water-, NaHCO3-, NaOH-, and HCl- P fractions in a calcareous clay soil (Acre, Israel) irrigated with RW or FW. The δ18OP signature changes during a month of incubation indicated biogeochemical processes. The water soluble Pi (WSPi) was affected by enzymatic activity yielding isotopic equilibrium with the water molecules in the soil solution. Further it interacted rapidly with the NaHCO3-Pi. The more stable Pi pools also exhibited isotopic alterations in the first two weeks after P application, likely related to microbial activity. Isotopic depletion which could result from organic P (PO) mineralization was followed by enrichment which may result from biologic discrimination in the uptake. Similar transformations were observed in both soils although transformations related to biological activity were more pronounced in the soil treated with RW. Specific P compounds were identified by the Technion group, using solution-state 31P-NMR in wastewater and in soil P extracts from Acre soils irrigated by RW and FW. Few identified PO compounds (e.g., D-glucose-6-phosphate) indicated coupled transformations of P and C in the wastewater. The RW soil retained higher P content, mainly in the labile fractions, but lower labile PO, than the FW soil; this and the fact that P species in the various soil extracts of the RW soil appear independent of P species in the RW are attributed to enhanced biological activity and P recycling in the RW soil. Consistent with that, both soils retained very similar P species in the soil pools. The HUJ group tested P stabilization to maximize the environmental safe application rates and the agronomic beneficial use of BS. Sequential P extraction indicated that the most reactive BS-P forms: WSP, membrane-P, and NaHCO3-P, were effectively stabilized by ferrous sulfate (FeSul), calcium oxide (CaO), or aluminum sulfate (alum). After applying the stabilized BS, or fresh BS (FBS), FBS compost (BSC), or P fertilizer (KH2PO4) to an alluvial soil, P availability was probed during 100 days of incubation. A plant-based bioassay indicated that P availability followed the order KH2PO4 >> alum-BS > BSC ≥ FBS > CaO-BS >> FeSul-BS. The WSPi concentration in soil increased following FBS or BSC application, and P mineralization further increased it during incubation. In contrast, the chemically stabilized BS reduced WSPi concentrations relative to the untreated soil. It was concluded that the chemically stabilized BS effectively controlled WSPi in the soil while still supplying P to support plant growth. Using the sequential extraction procedure the persistence of P availability in BS treated soils was shown to be of a long-term nature. 15 years after the last BS application to MN soils that were annually amended for 20 years by heavy rates of BS, about 25% of the added BS-P was found in the labile fractions. The UMN group further probed soil-P speciation in these soils by bulk and micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). This newly developed method was shown to be a powerful tool for P speciation in soils. In a control soil (no BS added), 54% of the total P was PO and it was mostly identified as phytic acid; 15% was identified as brushite and 26% as strengite. A corn crop BS amended soil included mostly P-Fe-peat complex, variscite and Al-P-peat complex but no Ca-P while in a BS-grass soil octacalcium phosphate was identified and o-phosphorylethanolamine or phytic acid was shown to dominate the PO fraction.
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Chen, Yona, Jeffrey Buyer, and Yitzhak Hadar. Microbial Activity in the Rhizosphere in Relation to the Iron Nutrition of Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7613020.bard.
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Iron is the fourth most abundant element in the soil, but since it forms insoluble hydroxides at neutral and basic pH, it often falls short of meeting the basic requirements of plants and microorganisms. Most aerobic and facultative aerobic microorganisms possess a high-affinity Fe transport system in which siderophores are excreted and the consequent Fe complex is taken up via a cognate specific receptor and a transport pathway. The role of the siderophore in Fe uptake by plants and microorganisms was the focus of this study. In this research Rhizopus arrhizus was found to produce a novel siderophore named Rhizoferrin when grown under Fe deficiency. This compound was purified and its chemical structure was elucidated. Fe-Rhizoferrin was found to alleviate Fe deficiency when applied to several plants grown in nutrient solutions. It was concluded that Fe-Rhizoferrin is the most efficient Fe source for plants when compared with other among microbial siderophores known to date and its activity equals that of the most efficient synthetic commercial iron fertilizer-Fe EDDHA. Siderophores produced by several rhizosphere organisms including Rhizopus Pseudomonas were purified. Monoclonal antibodies were produced and used to develop a method for detection of the siderophores produced by plant-growth-promoting microorganisms in barley rhizosphere. The presence of an Fe-ferrichrome uptake in fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. was demonstrated, and its structural requirements were mapped in P. putida with the help of biomimetic ferrichrome analogs. Using competition experiments, it was shown that FOB, Cop B and FC share at least one common determinant in their uptake pathway. Since FC analogs did not affect FOB or Cop-mediated 55Fe uptake, it could be concluded that these siderophores make use of a different receptor(s) than FC. Therefore, recognition of Cop, FOB and FC proceeds through different receptors having different structural requirements. On the other hand, the phytosiderophores mugineic acid (MA and DMA), were utilized indirectly via ligand exchange by P. putida. Receptors from different biological systems seem to differ in their structural requirements for siderophore recognition and uptake. The design of genus- or species-specific drugs, probes or chemicals, along with an understanding of plant-microbe and microbe-microbe relationships as well as developing methods to detect siderophores using monoclonal antibodies are useful for manipulating the composition of the rhizosphere microbial population for better plant growth, Fe-nutrition and protection from diseases.
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Crowley, David E., Dror Minz, and Yitzhak Hadar. Shaping Plant Beneficial Rhizosphere Communities. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594387.bard.
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PGPR bacteria include taxonomically diverse bacterial species that function for improving plant mineral nutrition, stress tolerance, and disease suppression. A number of PGPR are being developed and commercialized as soil and seed inoculants, but to date, their interactions with resident bacterial populations are still poorly understood, and-almost nothing is known about the effects of soil management practices on their population size and activities. To this end, the original objectives of this research project were: 1) To examine microbial community interactions with plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and their plant hosts. 2) To explore the factors that affect PGPR population size and activity on plant root surfaces. In our original proposal, we initially prqposed the use oflow-resolution methods mainly involving the use of PCR-DGGE and PLFA profiles of community structure. However, early in the project we recognized that the methods for studying soil microbial communities were undergoing an exponential leap forward to much more high resolution methods using high-throughput sequencing. The application of these methods for studies on rhizosphere ecology thus became a central theme in these research project. Other related research by the US team focused on identifying PGPR bacterial strains and examining their effective population si~es that are required to enhance plant growth and on developing a simulation model that examines the process of root colonization. As summarized in the following report, we characterized the rhizosphere microbiome of four host plant species to determine the impact of the host (host signature effect) on resident versus active communities. Results of our studies showed a distinct plant host specific signature among wheat, maize, tomato and cucumber, based on the following three parameters: (I) each plant promoted the activity of a unique suite of soil bacterial populations; (2) significant variations were observed in the number and the degree of dominance of active populations; and (3)the level of contribution of active (rRNA-based) populations to the resident (DNA-based) community profiles. In the rhizoplane of all four plants a significant reduction of diversity was observed, relative to the bulk soil. Moreover, an increase in DNA-RNA correspondence indicated higher representation of active bacterial populations in the residing rhizoplane community. This research demonstrates that the host plant determines the bacterial community composition in its immediate vicinity, especially with respect to the active populations. Based on the studies from the US team, we suggest that the effective population size PGPR should be maintained at approximately 105 cells per gram of rhizosphere soil in the zone of elongation to obtain plant growth promotion effects, but emphasize that it is critical to also consider differences in the activity based on DNA-RNA correspondence. The results ofthis research provide fundamental new insight into the composition ofthe bacterial communities associated with plant roots, and the factors that affect their abundance and activity on root surfaces. Virtually all PGPR are multifunctional and may be expected to have diverse levels of activity with respect to production of plant growth hormones (regulation of root growth and architecture), suppression of stress ethylene (increased tolerance to drought and salinity), production of siderophores and antibiotics (disease suppression), and solubilization of phosphorus. The application of transcriptome methods pioneered in our research will ultimately lead to better understanding of how management practices such as use of compost and soil inoculants can be used to improve plant yields, stress tolerance, and disease resistance. As we look to the future, the use of metagenomic techniques combined with quantitative methods including microarrays, and quantitative peR methods that target specific genes should allow us to better classify, monitor, and manage the plant rhizosphere to improve crop yields in agricultural ecosystems. In addition, expression of several genes in rhizospheres of both cucumber and whet roots were identified, including mostly housekeeping genes. Denitrification, chemotaxis and motility genes were preferentially expressed in wheat while in cucumber roots bacterial genes involved in catalase, a large set of polysaccharide degradation and assimilatory sulfate reduction genes were preferentially expressed.
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Cannon, Mariah, and Pauline Oosterhoff. Tired and Trapped: Life Stories from Cotton Millworkers in Tamil Nadu. Institute of Development Studies, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2021.002.
Full textAbstract:
Labour abuse in the garment industry has been widely reported. This qualitative research explores the lived experiences in communities with bonded labour in Tamil Nadu, India. We conducted a qualitative expert-led analysis of 301 life stories of mostly women and girls. We also explore the differences and similarities between qualitative expert-led and participatory narrative analyses of life stories of people living near to and working in the spinning mills. Our findings show that the young female workforce, many of whom entered the workforce as children, are seen and treated as belonging – body, mind and soul – to others. Their stories confirm the need for a feminist approach to gender, race, caste and work that recognises the complexity of power. Oppression and domination have material, psychological and emotional forms that go far beyond the mill. Almost all the girls reported physical and psychological exhaustion from gendered unpaid domestic work, underpaid hazardous labour, little sleep, poor nutrition and being in unhealthy environments.
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Eshel, Amram, Jonathan P. Lynch, and Kathleen M. Brown. Physiological Regulation of Root System Architecture: The Role of Ethylene and Phosphorus. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7585195.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Specific Objectives and Related Results: 1) Determine the effect of phosphorus availability on ethylene production by roots. Test the hypothesis that phosphorus availability regulates ethylene production Clear differences were found between the two plants that were studied. In beans ethylene production is affected by P nutrition, tissue type, and stage of development. There are genotypic differences in the rate of ethylene production by various root types and in the differential in ethylene production when P treatments are compared. The acceleration in ethylene production with P deficiency increases with time. These findings support the hypothesis that ethylene production may be enhanced by phosphorus deficiency, and that the degree of enhancement varies with genotype. In tomatoes the low-P level did not enhance significantly ethylene production by the roots. Wildtype cultivars and ethylene insensitive mutants behaved similarly in that respect. 2) Characterize the effects of phosphorus availability and ethylene on the architecture of whole root systems. Test the hypothesis that both ethylene and low phosphorus availability modify root architecture. In common bean, the basal roots give rise to a major fraction of the whole root system. Unlike other laterals these roots respond to gravitropic stimulation. Their growth angle determines the proportion of the root length in the shallow layers of the soil. A correlation between ethylene production and basal root angle was found in shallow rooted but not deep-rooted genotypes, indicating that acceleration of ethylene synthesis may account for the change in basal root angle in genotypes demonstrating a plastic response to P availability. Short-time gravitropic response of the tap roots of young bean seedlings was not affected by P level in the nutrient solution. Low phosphorus specifically increases root hair length and root hair density in Arabidopsis. We tested 7 different mutants in ethylene perception and response and in each case, the response to low P was lower than that of the wild-type. The extent of reduction in P response varied among the mutants, but every mutant retained some responsiveness to changes in P concentration. The increase in root hair density was due to the increase in the number of trichoblast cell files under low P and was not mediated by ethylene. Low P did not increase the number of root hairs forming from atrichoblasts. This is in contrast to ethylene treatment, which increased the number of root hairs partly by causing root hairs to form on atrichoblasts. 3) Assess the adaptive value of root architectural plasticity in response to phosphorus availability. A simulation study indicated that genetic variation for root architecture in common bean may be related to adaptation to diverse competitive environments. The fractal dimension of tomato root system was directly correlated with P level.
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Woldeyohanes, Tesfaye, Karl Hughes, Kai Mausch, and Judith Oduol. Adoption of improved grains legumes and dryland cereals crop varieties: A synthesis of evidence. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21022.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Like other crop improvement programs, a key prerequisite for the CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals (CRP GLDC) to generate large-scale impact is large-scale adoption. Hence, evidencing the breadth and depth of such adoption is both of intrinsic interest and important for estimating downstream impacts, such as improved food and nutritional security, income, resilience, and soil health. While various GLDC adoption studies have been undertaken, a recent effort to systematically review these studies and synthesize the results is lacking. We undertook such a review, identifying 69 studies and 35 independent country crop combinations (CCCs). To generate aggregated and updated estimates of GLDC improved varietal adoption, we devised and applied a procedure to estimate national cropping areas under such varieties and, in turn, the number of adopting households. Estimates derived from household surveys and expert opinion solicitation are treated with higher and lower levels of confidence, respectively. As of 2019, we estimate from higher confidence studies that improved GLDC crops were cultivated on 15.37 million hectares of land by 17.64 million households in CRP GLDC’s 13 priority countries. With the inclusion of lower confidence studies, these numbers increase to 32 and 44.64 million, respectively. We are further confident that the program exceeded its adoption target of 8.9 million newly adopting households from 2011, particularly when likely spillovers vis-à-vis non-surveyed areas, non-priority countries, and non-priority crops in priority countries are considered.