Journal articles on the topic 'Soil nitrogen status'
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1
Samokhvalova, V. L., A. O. Khristenko, L. O. Shedey, P. A. Samokhvalova, and O. V. Karatsuba. "Prediction of the different genesis soils nitrogen systems status." Ecology and Noospherology 29, no. 1 (September 23, 2018): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/031803.
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The method for predicting the levels of the easily hydrolysable nitrogen content in soils of various types of Polesie, Forest-steppe and Steppe climatic zones of Ukraine for the assessment of soil quality due to the background conditions, the influence of technological load (for the application of organo-mineral, organic and mineral fertilizer systems), and risk or influence of technogenic pollution by heavy metals (HM) is grounded. In the elaborated methodical approach is obtained a regression equation by the determination of new correlations of soil energy intensity indices (the calorific value of humus, soil energy reserves in a layer up to 20 cm) in conjunction with the humus state and the use of mathematical and statistical analysis for determining the value of easily hydrolysable nitrogen with the ability to predict the quality of soils of various genesis, with the further extension of the method algorithm for different soil types, climatic zones due to technogenic HM pollution and technological load. The technical result of the elaborated method: by improving the determination of the levels of the easily hydrolysable nitrogen content in soils of different genesis for the evaluation of their quality by identifying the most correlated, diagnostically applicable integral basic indicators of soil properties, which allow the informativeness to make managerial decisions and to predict the quality of soils of different genesis in the content of easily hydrolysable nitrogen, as a biogenic element, due to the background conditions and anthropogenic loads with increased accuracy, speed and informativeness. Elaborated method can find application in the ecological standardization of the content of biogenic macroelements, the normalization of loads (technogenic, technological) on the soil system, agroecology for solving the problems of organic agriculture, bioenergy and energy of soil formation; diagnostics, evaluation, forecasting of the soils nitrogen systems state; the quality of humus and macroelement status of soils on indicators of ecological and energy status; effective ecological management of soils due to the background conditions, as well as for various anthropogenic influences and in scientific research for the investigating of biogeochemistry and biogenic macroelements of soil cover. Separate provisions of the elaborated method became an integral part of the proposals on adaptation to the Nitrate Council Directive 91/676 / EEC of 12.12.1991 on the protection of water from pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources, as amended by Regulation (EC) № 1882/2003 Cross Nitrogen Balances Handbook. Prospective directions of research in the field of diagnostics, assessment, forecasting of the state of soils nitrogen systems and the normalization of the elemental composition quality, in particular, the content of nutrient nitrogen are determined. In order to overcome the biogenic pollution (excessive accumulation of nitrogen compounds) in the environment (plants, waters), the normalization of nitrogen content in soils of different genesis should include: a) determination of the maximum permissible levels of mobile mineral forms of nitrate nitrogen by the elaboration of environmental requirements for nitrates contamination with plant products; b) normalization of the content of labile easily hydrolysable nitrogen and / or a dose of nitrogen fertilizers in conditions of sufficient and excessive moistening, considering the rapid processes of transformation of nitrogen compounds in soils; c) normalization of the soil nitrogen mineral compounds content in conditions of insufficient moistening and slowing down the processes of circulation of nitrogen compounds of soils. Distinctive features and advantages of the proposed elaboration in comparison with known methods and approaches are: 1) the express obtain of the accurate projected levels of easily hydrolysable nitrogen as a nutrient in the soil with the improving the accuracy of soil diagnosis by the use of the basic integrated indicators; 2) providing opportunity for greater efficiency of forecasting data on the functioning of the nitrogen systems of different genesis soils, quality, environmental and energy state of soils due to the background conditions and anthropogenic loads while minimizing the cost of material resources; 3) empowerment of the user in determination of the easily hydrolysable nitrogen content in the soil without extensive chemical analysis by the choice of regression equations, based on the use of baseline soil properties of a particular type and subtype according to the available information; 4) versatility of the method by the suitability of detected dependencies of the proposed method for all soil types and subtypes, climatic zones and contaminants.
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Samokhvalova, V. L., A. O. Khristenko, L. O. Shedey, P. A. Samokhvalova, and O. V. Karatsuba. "Prediction of soil fertility considering their macronutrient status." Fundamental and Applied Soil Science 18, no. 3-4 (November 25, 2017): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/041711.
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The method for prediction of productive functions of soils, according to their macronutrient status, is grounded on the example of the total concentrations of nitrogen as biogenic macronutrient in different soil types of Polesie, Forest-Steppe and Steppe climatic zones of Ukraine including soils contaminated by heavy metals and fertilized (organic-mineral, organic and mineral system of fertilizer) soils. In the elaborated methodical approach the productive function (fertility) of different genesis soils forecasts by establishing new relationships of total nitrogen content with a humus calorific value, the energy reserves of the soil in layer up to 20 cm, the application of mathematical-statistical analysis. For example, according to the total nitrogen content as a biogenic macronutrient in accordance with the fixed gradations, with a further extension of the method algorithm for different soil types of climatic zones by the influence of technogenic pollution and technological load. The technical result of the elaborated method is to improve the known method of soil fertility prediction, considering their macronutrient status, by the selective choice of the most correlation associated, diagnostics capable of integral indicators of the energy and nitrogen status of the soil, which enhances the informativeness, accuracy and quick speed forecasting of production and ecological functions of different genesis soils with the identification of differences in ecological condition of soils for prediction and regulation of their quality. The elaborated methodological approach may find application in the assessment and ecological standardization of soil quality by chemical elements content, regulation of loads (technogenic, technological) on a soil system, in agroecology by investigating the question of soil fertility monitoring, lands certification of different purpose and use; organic farming, bioenergy and energy of soil formation; diagnosis, evaluation, determination of quality of humus and the state of the chemical elements; in environmental management of soils both for background conditions and different anthropogenic impacts and in research practice – investigating the biogeochemistry and nutrient macronutrients of the soil cover. Distinctive features and advantages of the proposed elaboration in comparison with known methods and approaches are: 1) express obtain of the accurate by predicted levels of total nitrogen content as a nutrient in the soil with the improving of the soil diagnosis accuracy by establishing some interconnected diagnostically suitable indicators of soils humus substances and nitrogen systems functioning, the direction of the mobilization and immobilization of nutrients (C, N) processes, the humification-mineralization and energy intensity of soils, including the negative impacts of anthropogenic pressures and degradation processes; 2) providing the opportunity for increasing effectiveness of predicting data on the functioning of the nitrogen systems of different genesis soils, environmental and energy state of soil and level of their potential fertility due to the background conditions, the application of different fertilization systems, and risk the availability of heavy metals pollution while minimizing the consumption of material resources; 3) expansion of the user’s ability to determine the total nitrogen content in the soil without long-term chemical analytical research due to the choice of regression equations obtained on the basis of the use of baseline soil properties of a certain type and subtype, according to available information; 4) versatility due to suitability of installed dependencies of the proposed method for all soil types and subtypes, climatic zones and contaminants.
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Leeuwen Cornelis, van, de Rességuier Laure, Mary Séverine, Laveau Coralie, Mousset-Libeau Etienne, Marguerit Elisa, Roby Jean-Philippe, and Quiquerez Amélie. "Soil type and soil preparation influence vine development and grape composition through its impact on vine water and nitrogen status." E3S Web of Conferences 50 (2018): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185001015.
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The influence of soil type and preparation on vine development and grape composition was investigated in a 50 ha estate located in Saint-Emilion (Bordeaux, France) and planted predominantly with Merlot. Part of the vineyard was planted down the slopes and another part of the vineyard was planted on terraces, where soils were profoundly modified through soil preparation. Grape composition (berry weight, sugar, total acidity, malic acid and pH), vigor (pruning weight), vine nitrogen status (Yeast Available Nitrogen (YAN) in grapes) and vine water status (δ13C) was measured at a very high density grid of 10 data points per hectare. Water deficit was globally weak over the estate because of high soil water holding capacity whereas vine nitrogen status was highly variable. Vine vigor and grape composition were predominantly driven by vine nitrogen status. On terraces, where soils were deep, due to invasive soil preparation, water deficits were particularly small or non-existent and vine nitrogen status was highly variable. Grape quality potential was medium to low, except in places with low nitrogen status, but at the expense of low yields. On parcels planted down the slopes water deficits were recorded because vine rooting was limited by compact subsoils. Vine nitrogen status was homogeneous. Grape quality and yield were medium to high and relatively homogeneous. When possible, downhill plantations are to be preferred over terraces because in the latter vine yield and quality parameters are highly variable because of massive soil movements prior to plantation.
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Salehin, Sk Musfiq Us, Gazi Md Mohsin, Tabassum Ferdous, Jobaed Ragib Zaman, Md Jashim Uddin, and Md Khalilur Rahman. "Soil Fertility and Leaf Nutrient Status of Mango Orchard Sites." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 29, no. 2 (August 26, 2020): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v29i2.48735.
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Twenty soil and leaf samples from 20 orchards of mango (Mangifera indica L.) were collected from different locations of Rajshahi and Satkhira regions to evaluate soil texture, pH, organic matter, available and total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur of soils and the concentration of N and K in mango leaves. The pH of the soil varied from 6.3 - 7.9 and organic matter content varied from 0.72 - 3.60 per cent. The available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur of the soils ranged from 190 - 510, 39 - 196, 36 - 206 and 25 - 235 mg/kg, respectively. The values of total N, P, K and S were 0.03 - 0.12, 0.022 - 0.210, 0.235 - 0.0.936 and 0.005 - 0.266 per cent, respectively. The dominant soil textural class was silty clay loam. The mean concentration of nitrogen (0.88%) and potassium (0.61%) in the leaf sample was low. The overall fertility status of the soils of Rajshahi and Satkhira regions in relation to mango cultivation is moderate.
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(2): 155-163, 2020 (July)
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Van Leeuwen, Cornelis, Philippe Friant, Jean-Pierre Soyer, Ch Molot, Xavier Choné, and Denis Dubourdieu. "Measurement of total nitrogen and assimilable nitrogen in grape juice to assess vine nitrogen status." OENO One 34, no. 2 (June 30, 2000): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2000.34.2.1010.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">Five indicators of vine nitrogen status were compared for their accuracy to differentiate two levels of nitrogen fertilization (0 and 45 kg N / ha) : petiole total nitrogen content, leaf blade color intensity measured by a device called “N-tester”, grape juice total nitrogen content, grape juice assimilable nitrogen content and grape juice ammonium content. Differences in must total nitrogen content and must assimilable nitrogen content were highly significant between fertilization levels. They can be considered as two powerful tools to assess vine nitrogen status. Levels of must total nitrogen content and must assimilable nitrogen content were highly correlated.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Mineralizing must in order to measure its total nitrogen content is difficult, mainly because of the presence of large amounts of sugar. This operation can take more than 12 hours and it can fail because of caramelization and the appearance of foam. We propose mineralizing must by means of microwave. Complete mineralization was obtained in only one hour. No foam or caramelization was observed on any of the samples mineralized.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Vine nitrogen uptake is likely to vary to a considerable extend with soil parameters, even if no nitrogen fertilization is applied. Figuring among those parameters are: soil organic matter content, organic matter C/N ratio and soil organic matter turnover. The latter depends mainly on soil temperature, soil aeration, soil pH and soil moisture content. Differences in vine nitrogen status depending on the soil type were clearly evidenced by measuring must total nitrogen and must assimilable nitrogen at ripeness. Limited nitrogen uptake, as a result of particular soil conditions, can limit vine vigor and be a quality enhancing factor in red grape production. This emphasizes the role of moderate environmental stress in the production of high quality potential grapes.</p>
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Blank, Robert R., and James A. Young. "Plant-Soil Relationships ofBromus tectorumL.: Interactions among Labile Carbon Additions, Soil Invasion Status, and Fertilizer." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2009 (2009): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/929120.
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Invasion of western North America by the annual exotic grassBromus tectorumL. (cheatgrass) has been an ecological disaster. High soil bioavailability of nitrogen is a contributing factor in the invasive potential ofB. tectorum. Application of labile carbon sources to the soil can immobilize soil nitrogen and favor native species. We studied the interaction of labile carbon addition (sucrose), with soil invasion status and fertilizer addition on the growth ofB. tectorum. Soils were noninvaded (BNI) andB. tectoruminvaded (BI). Treatments were control, sucrose, combined fertilizer, and sucrose + fertilizer. The greenhouse experiment continued for 3 growth-cycles. After the 1st growth-cycle, sucrose addition reducedB. tectorumaboveground mass almost 70 times for the BI soil but did not significantly reduce growth in the BNI soil.B. tectorumaboveground mass, after the 1st growth-cycle, was over 27 times greater for BI control soils than BNI control soils. Although sucrose addition reduced soil-solution , tissue N was not significantly lowered, suggesting that reduction of soil available N may not be solely responsible for reduction inB. tectorumgrowth. Noninvaded soil inhibits growth ofB. tectorum. Understanding this mechanism may lead to viable control strategies.
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Fenn, M. E., T. G. Huntington, S. B. McLaughlin, C. Eagar, A. Gomez, and R. B. Cook. "Status of soil acidification in North America." Journal of Forest Science 52, Special Issue (January 1, 2006): S3—S13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10152-jfs.
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Forest soil acidification and depletion of nutrient cations have been reported for several forested regions in North America, predominantly in the eastern United States, including the northeast and in the central Appalachians, but also in parts of southeastern Canada and the southern U.S. Continuing regional inputs of nitrogen and sulfur are of concern because of leaching of base cations, increased availability of soil Al, and the accumulation and ultimate transmission of acidity from forest soils to streams. Losses of calcium from forest soils and forested watersheds have now been documented as a sensitive early indicator and a functionally significant response to acid deposition for a wide range of forest soils in North America. For red spruce, a clear link has been established between acidic deposition, alterations in calcium and aluminum supplies and increased sensitivity to winter injury. Cation depletion appears to contribute to sugar maple decline on some soils, specifically the high mortality rates observed in northern Pennsylvania over the last decade. While responses to liming have not been systematically examined in North America, in a study in Pennsylvania, restoring basic cations through liming increased basal area growth of sugar maple and levels of calcium and magnesium in soil and foliage. In the San Bernardino Mountains in southern California near the west coast, the pH of the A horizon has declined by at least 2 pH units (to pH 4.0–4.3) over the past 30 years, with no detrimental effects on bole growth; presumably, because of the Mediterranean climate, base cation pools are still high and not limiting for plant growth.
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Futa, Barbara, Katarzyna Tajchman, Żaneta Steiner-Bogdaszewska, Leszek Drozd, and Tomasz M. Gruszecki. "Preliminary Results of Effect of Rotational Grazing of Farmed Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) on the Biochemical Status of Soil." Agronomy 11, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030558.
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The aim of the study was to identify the trends and dynamics of changes in the chemical and biochemical properties of soil induced by rotational grazing of farmed deer. Soils pH and the content of mineral nitrogen forms, total nitrogen, and organic carbon were determined in the study and the activity of three soil enzymes. The monitored soils were slightly acidic and neutral, with pH in 1 mol KCldm−3 ranging from 6.37 to 7.03. The contents of content of organic carbon, total nitrogen in the monitored soils were in the range of 9.42–19.37 gkg−1 and 1.13–2.24 gkg−1, respectively, while the contents of N-NH4+ and N-NO3− of 1.34–7.08 mgkg−1 and 102.8–619.5 mgkg−1, respectively. The mean levels of nitrate nitrogen in the pasture soils were lower than that in the mown soil. The soils from the pastures were characterized by a higher level of available phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium forms than the mown soil. In the deer grazing areas, the activity of all enzymes was clearly higher than in the soil from the control plot. The results of the present pilot study have demonstrated a positive effect of cervid grazing on the biochemical parameters of the soil environment.
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Varnagirytė-Kabašinskienė, I. "Complex study of foliage nutrient status in ash fertilized Scots pine stands in Lithuania." Journal of Forest Science 54, No. 5 (May 22, 2008): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/16/2008-jfs.
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In Lithuania, a typical Scots pine stand under the influence of wood ash and nitrogen fertilization, containing different treatments and the control, was analyzed. The study aim was to interpret the foliage and soil analyses, and to find possible indications in the soil-plant relation in the stand. The analyses of the foliage nutrient status in the Scots pine stand when wood ash with/without N was recycled to the forest showed that the significance analyses of changes in the nutrient composition in the soil and needles were the best initial tool for the response evaluation. The comparison of the nutrient concentrations with optimal amounts, critical levels of deficiency or target levels for ratios to N, and applied graphical analyses, could also provide possible indications in the soil-plant relation.
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Maharjan, M., K. D. Awasthi, K. R. Pande, and N. Thapa. "Nutrient status of rangeland in upper Mustang." Banko Janakari 24, no. 1 (September 24, 2015): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v24i1.13489.
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The study aimed at assessing the nutrient status of rangeland in upper Mustang. The assessment is necessary to know about the soil quality or productivity of soil of rangeland. Livestock rearing is one of the main occupations in upper Mustang but nowadays due to lack of palatable species for livestock, people are leaving the occupation which is directly affecting their livelihood status. Therefore this research was carried out to find out if the soil nutrient is the reason behind the lack of availability of palatable species in the rangeland. For soil sampling, north and south aspects were taken. In case of altitude, 3850 m, 3650 m and 3450 m were taken. Soil samples were taken from soil profile up to 60cm depth at interval of 20 cm. Available phosphorus and available potassium were found to be high at north aspect but total nitrogen was found to be high at south aspect. Both total nitrogen and available phosphorus were found to be high at 3650 m. Available potassium was gradually decreased with increasing altitude. Total nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus were gradually decreased with increasing soil depth. Nutrient status was high at top soil (0-20 cm).The soil nutrient (Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium) status was found to be good in the study area. Further research on biophysical and ecological aspect of Rangeland in Upper Mustang is necessary to manage it properly.Banko Janakari, Vol. 24, No. 1, PP. 41-46
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Mao, Ying Ming, Gui Ru Xu, and Xiao Yu Pan. "Physicochemical Property and Nutrient Status of Soils in Urban Green Spaces in Xuzhou, China." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 3102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.3102.
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Soil physicochemical properties and the nutrient status of urban green spaces (UGS) in Xuzhou were analyzed. The results show that the soil pH is neutral to alkaline. Influenced by alkaline chemical fertilizer and some building materials, the soil pH presents a rising tendency. The content of soil organic matter (SOM) content was low but variable, which is mainly attributed to the disturbance of anthropogenic activity. The distributions of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are relatively uniform but those of alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium are highly dispersed. In addition, available phosphorus shows the most significant variation. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are lower than in the natural cinnamon soils, and their deficiencies will occur if no effective measures are taken in the near future.
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Jian, Yang, Du Lin, Gong Wei, Sun Jia, Shi Shuo, and Chen Biwu. "Application of the chlorophyll fluorescence ratio in evaluation of paddy rice nitrogen status." Plant, Soil and Environment 63, No. 9 (September 26, 2017): 396–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/460/2017-pse.
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In this research, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique combined with back-propagation neural network (BPNN) was employed to analyse different nitrogen (N) fertilization levels in paddy rice. Leaf fluorescence characteristics (FLCs) were measured by using the LIF system built in our laboratory and exhibited different FLCs with different nitrogen fertilization levels. The correlation between fluorescence intensity ratios (F685/F460, F735/F460 and F735/F685) and the dose of N fertilization was established and analysed. Then, the BPNN algorithm was utilized to validate that the different N fertilization levels can be classified based on the three FLCs. The overall identification accuracies of 2014 and 2015 were 90% and 92.5%, respectively. Experimental results demonstrated that the three FLCs with the help of multivariate analysis can be served as a helpful tool in the evaluation of paddy rice N fertilization levels. Besides, this study can also provide guidance for the selection of LIF Lidar channels in the following research.
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Banger, Kamaljit, Emerson D. Nafziger, Junming Wang, and Cameron M. Pittelkow. "Modeling Inorganic Soil Nitrogen Status in Maize Agroecosystems." Soil Science Society of America Journal 83, no. 5 (September 2019): 1564–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2019.05.0140.
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Johnson, Chris E. "Soil nitrogen status 8 years after whole-tree clear-cutting." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, no. 8 (August 1, 1995): 1346–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-147.
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Previous research on chronosequences of even-aged northern hardwood stands has suggested that forest clearing is accompanied by large losses of nitrogen from the forest floor. The timing of the losses and the fate of a large fraction of the lost nitrogen are unclear. The purpose of this investigation was to study these questions through direct measurement of soil nitrogen concentrations and pools through time on an experimental catchment cleared in a whole-tree harvest in 1983–1984. Nitrogen losses from the forest floor at the site, the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, were lower than predictions based on previous research. The mean forest floor nitrogen pool was 17% lower 8 years after clear-cutting of the site (P = 0.18). Predictions based on chronosequence studies suggest that 25–40% of the forest floor nitrogen would be lost after 8 years. Mechanical disturbance during logging may play a role in limiting short-term nitrogen losses. The steep midsection of the catchment experienced the greatest losses of nitrogen and carbon, while pools in the relatively flat spruce-fir zone at the upper elevations were unchanged. Carbon was preferentially lost from soil organic matter, relative to nitrogen, resulting in significant decreases in the C/N and C/organic matter ratios in the soil. The N/organic matter ratio was generally unchanged. Nitrogen losses can be limited after clear-cutting by minimizing organic matter losses and promoting rapid regrowth.
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Hartz, T. K., R. F. Smith, and W. L. Schrader. "COMPARISON OF IN-FIELD TECHNIQUES FOR MONITORING PLANT AND SOIL NITROGEN STATUS." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 571b—571. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.571b.
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California vegetable growers are adopting drip irrigation at an accelerating pace, which affords the opportunity for more exacting control of nitrogen nutrition. Consequently, the need for quick, accurate, grower-friendly techniques for monitoring nitrogen status in soil and plant material has increased. Three field monitoring techniques were examined in detail: the analysis of soil water samples drawn by soil solution access tubes (SSAT). leaf reflectance as measured by the Minolta SPAD 502 chlorophyll meter, and petiole sap analysis with a Horiba portable nitrate-selective electrode meter. Nitrate concentration in soil solution was highly stratified in drip-irrigated soils, both with regard to location in the field and position with respect to the drip line, making the use of SSAT technology impractical as a tool for routine N fertigation scheduling. Correlation of SSAT nitrate values to any measure of plant N status was poor. Similarly, leaf reflectance correlated poorly with any measure of tissue N in the crops examined. Nitrate content of petiole sap was highly correlated with conventional laboratory analysis of dry petiole tissue over a range of crops and nitrogen levels.
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Gaudillère, Jean-Pierre, Eric Chantelot, Jean-Pierre Soyer, Ch Molot, and Sylvie Milin. "Leaf and must nitrogen content two complementary indicators of grapevine nitrogen status." OENO One 37, no. 2 (June 30, 2003): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2003.37.2.943.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">Grapevine nitrogen status was assessed by nitrogen content in leaf blade and petiole at veraison, in must at harvest and in pruned wood in December. The comparison of these indicators were done in vineyards bearing adults plants in the Atlantic and Mediterranean climates. Soil nitrogen offer were changed by soil grass cover, fertilization and irrigation. Leaf blade nitrogen (LBN) content cannot be simply predicted from soil texture, training characteristics and climate. Petiole and wood nitrogen content was less precise indicators compared to LBN content per unit dry weight. LBN content based on unit of leaf area usually constant along the growing season provides a complementary information on the leaf photosynthetic capacity and nitrogen availability for grapevine in summer. LBN content informs on the early growth grapevine access to soil and reserve nitrogen.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Must and leaf blade nitrogen contents are significantly correlated. But it is shown that must N content is also changed by the yield and the soil capacity to provide nitrogen to the grapevine in summer. A simple predicting model of N in must is proposed. It is based on the availability of N in spring and summer and the positive effect of spring N on berry set up. Leaf blade and must N content considered both provided a complementary information on the grapevine N nutrition along the season.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Sampling conditions for LBN content was tested. Primary leaves of a rank above 6 are very similar in N content and most representative of the grapevine N status. The LBN content on a leaf area basis is a more versatile expression because less variable along the growing season. The expressions of LBN content on the dry weight and leaf area can be obtained from a simple analysis by sampling leaf disks.</p>
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Rehman, Zubair, Syed Ishtiaq Hyder, Muhammad Arshadullah, and Shah Muhammad. "Nitrogen Status of Soil and Plants in Apple Orchards of Quetta Valley, Pakistan." Biological Sciences - PJSIR 58, no. 1 (April 27, 2015): 54–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.biol.sci.58.1.2015.54.55.
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The study was planned to assess the nitrogen status of apple orchards around Quetta valley, Pakistan, through soil and plant analysis. Two hundred and forty soil samples were collected from 40 different locations of 05 orchards at 0-15, 15-30, 30-45, 45-60, 60- 75 and 75-90 cm depths. The soil samples were analysed for total nitrogen by Kjeldhals method. At the same time forty apple trees were selected for leaves samples and analysed for the total nitrogen content. Total nitrogen content in soil showed a sizeable variation ranging from 0.009 to 0.148%. Whereby, plant analysis registered minimum nitrogen content 1.06% and the maximum nitrogen content were 3.14% in apple plant leaves which confirms a great deficiency of nitrogen in apple orchards of Quetta valley.
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Tiwari, K. K. "Assessment of Soil Fertility and Soil Nutrients of Three Land Use Systems in Jotsoma, Sechu and Rihuba Villages, Nagaland." Science & Technology Journal 9, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22232/stj.2021.09.02.03.
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Soil testing is a key element in assessing the fertility status of soil and hence can be effectively used for assessing plant nutrient requirements and probability of crop production and use of fertilizers. Soils differ in their ability to supply nutrients to plants. The total amount of nutrients in the soil and the amount of their available forms as well as rate of nutrient transformation from unavailable forms to available form and vice versa are the major factors determining fertility status of the soils. To determine the fertility of the soils collected from three villages of Kohima and Phek Districts, both laboratory methods as well as testing kits were used. Various parameters like Nitrogen, Organic carbon, Phosphorus, Potassium along with electric conductivity and pH values is used to investigate the fertility status of soil. Study suggests that both Nitrogen and Phosphorus concentrations range between low to medium whereas organic content is high. Study further suggests that the studied soils are low in their pH. Electrical conductance value is low hence salinity effect is negligible. Potassium content is in medium range. A low to medium NI fertility status have also been interpreted on the basis of N, P and K. Present study also recommends the enhancement of the elemental concentrations through artificial means in the soils of the study area to increase the fertility.
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KC, Anup, Govinda Bhandari, Subigya Prabhat Wagle, and Yubraj Banjade. "Status of Soil Fertility in a Community Forest of Nepal." International Journal of Environment 1, no. 1 (August 30, 2013): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v1i1.8528.
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Soil is a complex mixture of mineral nutrients, organic matter, water, air and living organisms. The primary nutrients for plant growth are organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. In order to find the status of pH, organic matter (C), total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P) and available potassium (K) in forest soil, the study was conducted in Ghwangkhola Sapaude Babiyabhir Community Forest in Putali Bazaar Municipality-8, Syangja, Nepal. Soil parameters are analyzed through different standard methods followed worldwide by many soil scientists. Soil pH of sample in all three strata was slightly acidic and varies from 5.7 to 7.18. The carbon percentage was high and varies from 0.65% to 2.39%. The total nitrogen in soil was medium and varies from 0.09% to 0.12%. The concentration of available phosphorus in soil was high and varies from 73.71 kg/ha-93.23 kg/ha. The concentration of available potassium on soil was quiet low and varies from 2.54 kg/ha-4.23 kg/ha. Higher organic matter in the forest land indicate low activities of nitrogen losing process, which is due to the closed nutrient cycling and minimal disturbance in the natural forest system. So, addition of fertilizer rich in potassium and increasing pH is recommended to maintain potassium fertility and neutral pH in the forest soil. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v1i1.8528 International Journal of Environment Vol.1(1) 2013: 56-67
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Bascietto, Marco, Enrico Santangelo, and Claudio Beni. "Spatial Variations of Vegetation Index from Remote Sensing Linked to Soil Colloidal Status." Land 10, no. 1 (January 17, 2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10010080.
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Recent decades have seen a progressive degradation of soils owing to an intensification of farming practices (weeding and high trafficking), increasing use of pesticides and fertilizers, mainly nitrogen, resulting in a steady decline in soil organic matter, a key component to maintain soil fertility. The work has coupled the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of wheat cultivation in Central Italy to soil properties where the wheat was grown to identify the properties linked to within-field variability in productivity. NDVI was assessed through Copernicus Sentinel-2 (S-2) data during the wheat anthesis phase. The main outcome showed a significant correlation of NDVI variability to soil colloidal status and to the relative quantity in the exchange complex of the Ca2+ ions. No relationship emerged between NDVI and soil macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) concentration. The work suggested that such elements (nitrogen, especially) should not be provided solely considering the vegetation index spatial variations. Rational and sustainable management of soil fertility requires the integration of the NDVI data with the whole complex of soil physical/chemical status. In this way, the identification of the real key factors of fertility will avoid the negative impact of overfertilization. As an example, a fertilization plan was simulated for the sunflower–wheat sequence. The results showed that in the study area additional supplies of N and K would be unnecessary.
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Spain, AV. "Influence of environmental conditions and some soil chemical properties on the carbon and nitrogen contents of some tropical Australian rainforest soils." Soil Research 28, no. 6 (1990): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9900825.
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Concentrations of carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, soil pH, the sum of the exchangeable basic cations, clay and dithionite-extractable iron were examined in the surface soils of 72 rainforest sites from north-eastern tropical Queensland. Soils derived from basalt had higher levels of most of the above properties than those formed on other parent materials. Differences between the carbon status of soils formed from basalt and those formed from other parent materials may be related to the higher free iron levels and phosphorus status of the former group. Excluding the soils of basalt origin, both carbon and nitrogen are positively related to clay content. In contrast, within the soils of basaltic origin, carbon concentrations are negatively related to clay contents through interactions with free iron oxides. Separate univariate regression relationships were established between carbon and nitrogen concentrations and site temperature and precipitation for soils derived from basaltic and combined granitic and acid volcanic parent materials. Coefficients relating both nitrogen and carbon to temperature differed between these groupings. The importance of topography in controlling carbon levels is demonstrated in soils that are poorly drained or formed on ridges, while the importance of soil age is demonstrated by a juvenile soil formed on weakly weathered basalt.
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Panwar, Vijender, and M. K. Gupta. "Soil Fertility Status under Important Agroforestry Tree Species in Himachal Pradesh." Indian Journal of Forestry 37, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2014-owyu6a.
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A study was conducted to evaluate the soil fertility status under six different agroforestry species in Himachal Pradesh. Soil reaction was found to be nearly neutral under all the vegetations with lesser variability which showed pH stability. Bulk density was observed lower in the soils under different vegetations as compared to control in all the depths. Organic carbon and organic matter was higher in the soils under different vegetation as compared to control. Organic carbon was decreasing down the profile under all the vegetation and maximum in upper layers. Among the vegetations, maximum (1.38 %) organic carbon was observed in the soils under Bauhinia variegata followed by Morus alba (1.33 %), Grewia optiva (1.30 %), Toona ciliata (1.28 %), Albizia chinensis (1.22 %) and the least was under Celtris australis (1.20 %). The availability of nitrogen was higher in the surface soils under different vegetations in comparison to soils without any vegetation. The pattern of availability of phosphorous and its distribution in soil profile was therefore similar to that of organic carbon and nitrogen. Ex. potassium content varied from (97.17 kg/ha to 195.29 kg/ha) in all the depths under different vegetation, as compared to control (83.27 kg/ha to 139.87 kg/ha). pH and bulk density under barren land was statistically different at 0.05 level with the pH and bulk density under different plantations. Organic carbon in the soils under barren land showed statistically significant differences with the soils under different plantations.
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Chua, Teresita T., Kevin F. Bronson, J. D. Booker, J. Wayne Keeling, Arvin R. Mosier, James P. Bordovsky, Robert J. Lascano, Cary J. Green, and Eduardo Segarra. "In-Season Nitrogen Status Sensing in Irrigated Cotton." Soil Science Society of America Journal 67, no. 5 (September 2003): 1428–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.1428.
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Bronson, Kevin F., Teresita T. Chua, J. D. Booker, J. Wayne Keeling, and Robert J. Lascano. "In-Season Nitrogen Status Sensing in Irrigated Cotton." Soil Science Society of America Journal 67, no. 5 (September 2003): 1439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.1439.
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Lu, X., F. S. Gilliam, G. Yu, L. Li, Q. Mao, H. Chen, and J. Mo. "Long-term nitrogen addition decreases carbon leaching in nitrogen-rich forest ecosystems." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 1 (January 29, 2013): 1451–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-1451-2013.
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Abstract. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) plays a critical role in the carbon (C) cycle of forest soils, and has been recently connected with global increases in nitrogen (N) deposition. Most studies on effects of elevated N deposition on DOC have been carried out in N-limited temperate regions, with far fewer data available from N-rich ecosystems, especially in the context of chronically elevated N deposition. Furthermore, mechanisms for excess N-induced changes of DOC dynamics have been suggested to be different between the two kinds of ecosystems, because of the different ecosystem N status. The purpose of this study was to experimentally examine how long-term N addition affects DOC dynamics below the primary rooting zones (the upper 20 cm soils) in typically N-rich lowland tropical forests. We have a primary assumption that long-term continuous N addition minimally affects DOC concentrations and effluxes in N-rich tropical forests. Experimental N addition was administered at the following levels: 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively. Results showed that seven years of N addition significantly decreased DOC concentrations in soil solution, and chemo-physical controls (solution acidity change and soil sorption) rather than biological controls may mainly account for the decreases, in contrast to other forests. We further found that N addition greatly decreased annual DOC effluxes from the primary rooting zone and increased water-extractable DOC in soils. Our results suggest that long-term N deposition could increase soil C sequestration in the upper soils by decreasing DOC efflux from that layer in N-rich ecosystems, a novel mechanism for continued accumulation of soil C in old-growth forests.
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Bottoms, Thomas G., Richard F. Smith, Michael D. Cahn, and Timothy K. Hartz. "Nitrogen Requirements and N Status Determination of Lettuce." HortScience 47, no. 12 (December 2012): 1768–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.12.1768.
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As concern over NO3-N pollution of groundwater increases, California lettuce growers are under pressure to improve nitrogen (N) fertilizer efficiency. Crop growth, N uptake, and the value of soil and plant N diagnostic measures were evaluated in 24 iceberg and romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata L., and longifolia Lam., respectively) field trials from 2007 to 2010. The reliability of presidedressing soil nitrate testing (PSNT) to identify fields in which N application could be reduced or eliminated was evaluated in 16 non-replicated strip trials and five replicated trials on commercial farms. All commercial field sites had greater than 20 mg·kg−1 residual soil NO3-N at the time of the first in-season N application. In the strip trials, plots in which the cooperating growers’ initial sidedress N application was eliminated or reduced were compared with the growers’ standard N fertilization program. In the replicated trials, the growers’ N regime was compared with treatments in which one or more N fertigation through drip irrigation was eliminated. Additionally, seasonal N rates from 11 to 336 kg·ha−1 were compared in three replicated drip-irrigated research farm trials. Seasonal N application in the strip trials was reduced by an average of 77 kg·ha−1 (73 kg·ha−1 vs. 150 kg·ha−1 for the grower N regime) with no reduction in fresh biomass produced and only a slight reduction in crop N uptake (151 kg·ha−1 vs. 156 kg·ha−1 for the grower N regime). Similarly, an average seasonal N rate reduction of 88 kg·ha−1 (96 kg·ha−1 vs. 184 kg·ha−1) was achieved in the replicated commercial trials with no biomass reduction. Seasonal N rates between 111 and 192 kg·ha−1 maximized fresh biomass in the research farm trials, which were conducted in fields with lower residual soil NO3-N than the commercial trials. Across fields, lettuce N uptake was slow in the first 4 weeks after planting, averaging less than 0.5 kg·ha−1·d−1. N uptake then increased linearly until harvest (≈9 weeks after planting), averaging ≈4 kg·ha−1·d−1 over that period. Whole plant critical N concentration (Nc, the minimum whole plant N concentration required to maximize growth) was estimated by the equation Nc (g·kg−1) = 42 − 2.8 dry mass (DM, Mg·ha−1); on that basis, critical N uptake (crop N uptake required to maintain whole plant N above Nc) in the commercial fields averaged 116 kg·ha−1 compared with the mean uptake of 145 kg·ha−1 with the grower N regime. Soil NO3-N greater than 20 mg·kg−1 was a reliable indicator that N application could be reduced or delayed. Neither leaf N nor midrib NO3-N was correlated with concurrently measured soil NO3-N and therefore of limited value in directing in-season N fertilization.
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Aboagye, Daniel Asiamah, Wilfred Teejay Adjadeh, Eric Kwesi Nartey, and Stella Asuming-Brempong. "Co-Application of Biochar Compost and Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer Affects the Growth and Nitrogen Uptake by Lowland Rice in Northern Ghana." Nitrogen 3, no. 3 (July 6, 2022): 414–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen3030027.
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Inherent low soil fertility status limits productivity of rice in the lowland ecologies in Northern Ghana. Combining organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizers could help to maintain the fertility of lowland soils for rice production. A screen house pot experiment was carried out to investigate the combined effect of biochar compost and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on the nitrogen uptake and agronomic performance of rice plants grown on an eutric gleysol lowland soil. Inorganic nitrogen fertilizer alone and its combinations with different types of biochar compost (based on the proportions of biochar and compost) were used as treatment. A control (unamended soil) was also included. The incorporation of biochar compost and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer improved the growth parameters and yield components of rice plants. The combination of biochar compost and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer was also found to improve nitrogen uptake in rice plants. This practice could be the most likely viable option for alleviating lowland soil fertility issues and increasing rice productivity in Northern Ghana.
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Wells, M. Lenny. "Pecan Nutrient Element Status and Orchard Soil Fertility in the Southeastern Coastal Plain of the United States." HortTechnology 19, no. 2 (January 2009): 432–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.19.2.432.
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This survey addresses the current nutritional status of orchards typical of a large portion of the United States pecan (Carya illinoinensis) industry. A leaf nutrition and soil fertility survey was conducted for commercial orchards in a major production area of the U.S. pecan belt, which is located in southern Georgia. The study sampled pecan orchards from 18 July to 5 Aug. 2005 and 17 July to 3 Aug. 2008. All orchards had a history of commercial level orchard management, and represented a wide range of orchards typical of the region. Results indicate that southeastern U.S. pecan producers should focus their nutrient inputs on nitrogen (N), potassium (K), sulfur (S), and copper (Cu) as needed. The survey results show that leaf N can vary widely by season and among orchard locations. Evidence indicates that many growers could likely forego the soil application of phosphorous (P) and zinc (Zn) until leaf or soil analysis indicates a need. Orchard soil organic matter (SOM) in 2008 averaged 3.63%, and ranged from 1.74% on coarse-textured sandy soils to 5% on sandy loam soils. Both SOM and soil nitrate-N were higher in orchards using clover (Trifolium spp.) as a cool-season orchard groundcover than those using a grass sod only. The mean carbon:S ratio of Georgia pecan orchard soils was 504:1, which may further reduce tree uptake of S from low-S soils.
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Doah Dekok Tarigans. "SOIL PROPERTIES AND NUTRIENT ELEMENT STATUS OF COCONUT LEAVES UNDER DEFFERENT CROPPING PATTERNS." CORD 4, no. 01 (December 1, 1988): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v4i01.212.
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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of six coconut cropping patterns on the soil properties and nutrient element status of coconut leaves. The experiments were carried out from August 1984 to May 1985 in Silang, Cavite, Philippines. Data on‑soil properties and nutrient element starus of coconut leaves were statistically analyzed in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Six cropping patterns in coconut with four species of perennial crops as intercrops, namely: banana, papaya, coffee and pineapple were used in this study. The organic matter, pH and cation exchange capacity of the soils did not differ significantly with cropping pattern although intensively cropped farms tended to have higher organic matter' and cation exchange capacity values. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the top soil were significantly higher in most intensive intercropped farms, but calcium and magnesium did not vary significantly. Moisture content, waterholding capacity, bulk density and particle density of the soil did not show significant difference with cropping patterns. Likewise, the number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the soil remained statistically the same. Leaf nitrogen and calcium, increased while potassium decreased with intensity of cropping. Phosphorus and magnesium showed no definite trend.
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Jandl, Robert, Stefan Smidt, Franz Mutsch, Alfred Fürst, Harald Zechmeister, Heidi Bauer, and Thomas Dirnböck. "Acidification and Nitrogen Eutrophication of Austrian Forest Soils." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/632602.
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We evaluated the effect of acidic deposition and nitrogen on Austrian forests soils. Until thirty years ago air pollution had led to soil acidification, and concerns on the future productivity of forests were raised. Elevated rates of nitrogen deposition were believed to cause nitrate leaching and imbalanced forest nutrition. We used data from a soil monitoring network to evaluate the trends and current status of the pH and the C : N ratio of Austrian forest soils. Deposition measurements and nitrogen contents of Norway spruce needles and mosses were used to assess the nitrogen supply. The pH values of soils have increased because of decreasing proton depositions caused by reduction of emissions. The C : N ratio of Austrian forest soils is widening. Despite high nitrogen deposition rates the increase in forest stand density and productivity has increased the nitrogen demand. The Austrian Bioindicator Grid shows that forest ecosystems are still deficient in nitrogen. Soils retain nitrogen efficiently, and nitrate leaching into the groundwater is presently not a large-scale problem. The decline of soil acidity and the deposition of nitrogen together with climate change effects will further increase the productivity of the forests until a limiting factor such as water scarcity becomes effective.
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Tiwari, Rakesh, Prabha Shankar Tiwari, and Ashok Singh. "Nutrient status of wheat growing soils in Meerut district of Uttar Pradesh." AN ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE 15, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ajss/15.1/65-67.
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A study was conducted on nutrient status of wheat growing soils in district Meerut Uttar Pradesh. The study was conducted in soil testing laboratory of Krishi Vigyan Kendra Meerut and soils were collected from farmer’s field in the year 2017-18 and 2018-19. The analysis of soil samples shows that most of the soils of Meerut district are low to medium in organic carbon (0.41%), low in available nitrogen (210 kg/ha), medium in available phosphorus (13.55 kg/ha) and potash (195 kg/ha) and there is a need for a close monitoring of nutrient management and application of the fertilizer recommendations on the basic of STB (soil testing based) to enhance the wheat productivity.
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Davenport, Joan R., and Carolyn DeMoranville. "Temperature Influences Nitrogen Release Rates in Cranberry Soils." HortScience 39, no. 1 (February 2004): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.1.80.
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Native nitrogen is released when soils are mineralized. The amount of N released by this process depends on the amount of organic matter present and soil temperature. Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) grows in acidic soils with a wide range in organic matter content. To evaluate release of cranberry soil N at varied soil temperatures, intact soils were collected from sites that had received no fertilizer. Soils were cored and placed in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) columns 20 cm deep × 5 cm in diameter. Four different soil types, representing the array of conditions in cranberry soil (mineral, sanded organic, organic peat, and muck) were used. Additional columns of sand soil (pH 4.5) that had been pH adjusted to high (6.5) and low (3.0) were also prepared. Each column was incubated sequentially at six different temperatures from 10 to 24 °C (2.8 °C temperature intervals) for 3 weeks at each temperature, with the soils leached twice weekly to determine the amount of N release. The total amount of N in leachate was highest in the organic soils, intermediate in the sanded organic, and lowest in the sands. At the lowest temperature (10 °C), higher amounts of N were released in sanded organic and sand than in organic soils. This was attributed to a flush of mineralization with change in the aerobic status and initial soil warming. The degree of decomposition in the organic soils was important in determining which form of N predominated in the leachate. In the more highly decomposed soil (muck), most of the N was converted to nitrate. In the pH adjusted sand, high soil pH (6.5) resulted in an increase in nitrate in the leachate but no change in ammonium when compared to non-adjusted (pH 4.5) and acidified (pH 3.0) treatments. This study suggests that for cranberry soils with organic matter content of at least 1.5% little to no soil-applied fertilizer N is needed early in the season, until soil temperatures reach 13 °C. This temperature is consistent with the beginning of active nutrient uptake by roots. Soil N release from native organic matter was fairly consistent until soil temperatures exceeded 21 °C, indicating that when temperatures exceed 21 °C, planned fertilizer applications should be reduced, particularly in highly organic soils.
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Van Leeuwen, Cornélis, Jean-Philippe Roby, and Laure De Rességuier. "Soil-related terroir factors: a review." OENO One 52, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2018.52.2.2208.
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A “terroir” is a cultivated ecosystem in which the vine interacts with the soil and the climate. The soil influences vine development and grape ripening through soil temperature, water supply and mineral supply. Soil temperature has a significant effect on vine phenology. Limited water supply to the vines restricts shoot and berry growth, which is critical for reaching a suitable grape composition to produce high-quality red wines. Secondary metabolites, like polyphenols (anthocyanins, tannins) and aroma compounds or their precursors, are impacted in particular by vine water status. Among nutrients vines pick up from the soil, nitrogen plays a key role. Nitrogen influences vine vigor, yield, berry size and grape composition. Low nitrogen supply stimulates the synthesis of polyphenols, while it can negatively impact certain aroma compounds in grapes and wines. Over the past decades, tools have been developed to quantify terroir parameters. Vine water status can be assessed by means of carbon isotope discrimination measured on grape sugar (so-called δ13C). Vine nitrogen status can be assessed with the measurement of Yeast Available Nitrogen (YAN). In this way, terroir parameters can not only be measured but also mapped. Ideally, vineyards should be established in areas where soil temperature (relative to air temperature), soil water holding capacity (relative to rainfall and potential evapotranspiration) and soil nitrogen availability are optimum for the type of wine which is intended to be produced. Terroir expression can, however, be optimized by choosing appropriate plant material, and via vineyard floor management, fertilization and other management techniques.
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Lu, X., F. S. Gilliam, G. Yu, L. Li, Q. Mao, H. Chen, and J. Mo. "Long-term nitrogen addition decreases carbon leaching in a nitrogen-rich forest ecosystem." Biogeosciences 10, no. 6 (June 18, 2013): 3931–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3931-2013.
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Abstract. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) plays a critical role in the carbon (C) cycle of forest soils, and has been recently connected with global increases in nitrogen (N) deposition. Most studies on effects of elevated N deposition on DOC have been carried out in N-limited temperate regions, with far fewer data available from N-rich ecosystems, especially in the context of chronically elevated N deposition. Furthermore, mechanisms for excess N-induced changes of DOC dynamics have been suggested to be different between the two kinds of ecosystems, because of the different ecosystem N status. The purpose of this study was to experimentally examine how long-term N addition affects DOC dynamics below the primary rooting zones (the upper 20 cm soils) in typically N-rich lowland tropical forests. We have a primary assumption that long-term continuous N addition minimally affects DOC concentrations and effluxes in N-rich tropical forests. Experimental N addition was administered at the following levels: 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha−1 yr−1, respectively. Results showed that seven years of N addition significantly decreased DOC concentrations in soil solution, and chemo-physical controls (solution acidity change and soil sorption) rather than biological controls may mainly account for the decreases, in contrast to other forests. We further found that N addition greatly decreased annual DOC effluxes from the primary rooting zone and increased water-extractable DOC in soils. Our results suggest that long-term N deposition could increase soil C sequestration in the upper soils by decreasing DOC efflux from that layer in N-rich ecosystems, a novel mechanism for continued accumulation of soil C in old-growth forests.
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Bacon, P. E. "Effect of nitrogen fertilization and rice stubble management techniques on soil moisture content, soil nitrogen status, and nitrogen uptake by wheat." Field Crops Research 17, no. 1 (September 1987): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(87)90084-0.
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Poonam, Rajan Bawa, D. Nayak, H. Sankhyan, and S. S. Sharma. "Soil Nutrient Storage Under Major Ecosystems of Cold Deserts of Himachal Pradesh." Indian Journal of Forestry 40, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2017-8z33wr.
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The present investigation was carried out at village Goshal of Lahaul and Spiti cold desert district of Himachal Pradesh during the year 2010 to 2013 to compare soil physical and chemical properties by demarcating the study area into three main ecosystems viz; forest ecosystem, alpine pasture ecosystem and agro ecosystem. The soil physical properties of all the three ecosystems revealed that the soils were found nearly neutral in reaction, having no salt problem and were medium in physical status. Bulk density was more in alpine and forest ecosystem due to grazing and soil was more compact as compared to agro ecosystem. The average soil moisture was maximum in agro ecosystem. Average soil nutrient status for all the three ecosystems depicted that the fields where peas and pulses were planted were found to be possessing higher nitrogen contents than other areas due to the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen.
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Hossin, Md Shahin, Alok Kumar Paul, Md Fazlul Hoque, Morsheda Akter Mukta, and Md Delower Hossain. "Estimation of Fertility Status of Coastal Soils for Agricultural Planning in Bangladesh." Haya: The Saudi Journal of Life Sciences 7, no. 5 (May 15, 2022): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjls.2022.v07i05.001.
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A study was conducted to know the fertility status of coastal soils of Bangladesh for agricultural planning. Thirty composite soil samples were collected from different locations of Kalapara upazila under Patuakhali coastal district in Bangladesh with Geographic Positioning System (GPS) positions. The soil samples were analyzed for physical properties (moisture, texture, bulk density, particle density and porosity) and chemical properties (pH, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, organic carbon, exchangeable sodium, exchangeable potassium, available sulphur and available phosphorus). The range of moisture contents of collected soils was 24 to 29% and the textural class was silty clay. The bulk density ranged from 1.30 to 1.47 gcm-3. The particle density ranged from 2.31 to 2.49 gcm-3. The porosity of soil samples ranging from 40.96 to 46.06%. The pH ranged from 5.85 to 6.45. The EC value of collected soils ranged from 3.10 to 5.12 dSm-1. The total nitrogen and organic carbon content was low to medium. The exchangeable sodium and potassium content of soils ranged from 9.22 to 18.47 meq 100g-1 and 0.16 to 0.27 meq 100g-1, respectively. The available sulphur and phosphorus content of soils ranged from 17.21 to 33.21 mg kg-1 and 17.12 to 33.09 mg kg-1, respectively. The results revealed that the soils of the study area were slightly to moderately saline and thus the nutrients present in the soils were low to medium level. Hence, salinity problem of soils should be considered before agricultural planning in the study area.
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Neagu, Anisoara-Arleziana, Alina Soceanu, and Semaghiul Birghila. "Analysis of Soils Parameters in Correlation with Vegetation Period." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 9 (September 5, 2020): 210–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.9.8331.
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Soil is a complex ecosystem whose functionality is related to the links that exist between chemical, physical, biological parameters and microbial communities. Our purpose was to carry out an analysis of variance of chemical properties of the soil in relation to the vegetation period. The analysis of the soil gives us knowledge about the fertility status of the soil, which is closely related to the nutritional status of plants. The analysis involved urban soil, agricultural soil and greenhouse soil from Dobrogea area. Soil samples come from the urban area: Constanta, agricultural area: Ciocarlia de Sus and greenhouse:Cumpana. To estimate the seasonal changes in the soil, three periods were studied: before vegetation (sowing), after the vegetation period (harvesting), relative rest period (winter). The chemical parameters evaluated were: soil reaction pH (acidity degree), conductivity - as an indicator of the nutrients available in the soil (soluble salts), ion exchange capacity (cations and anions), organic matter (humus), nitrogen content (total nitrogen and nitrites), the amount of extractable iron. The pH values were in the range corresponding to the weak acid-neutral soil for all three types of sample soils, with slight variations from one period to another while the recorded conductivity values indicate that the analyzed soils belong to the category of non-saline soils. The analyzed soil samples presented low concentrations of nitrites and the assimilable iron content was in the range 48.81 - 259.12 ppm.
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Coipel, Jacques, Begoña Rodriguez Lovelle, Catherine Sipp, and Cornelis Van Leeuwen. ""Terroir" effect, as a result of enviromental stess, depends more on soil depth than on soil type (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Grenache Noir, Côtes du Rhône, France, 2000)." OENO One 40, no. 4 (December 31, 2006): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2006.40.4.867.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">Among other elements of the natural environment, soil greatly influences vine behaviour and berry composition. Its influence is complex, because soil affects vine water and mineral uptake, as well as temperature in the root zone. In this research, investigations were undertaken to assess whether vine development and grape quality potentiel could be linked to specific soil types. 15 dry farmed plots planted with Vitis vinifera L. cv. Grenache noir were studied in 2000 on five soil types of the Southern Côtes du Rhône (France). No clear relationship could be established between soil type, vine growth, yield and berry composition. However, vine water and nitrogen status were related to soil depth. On shallow soils, vine water and nitrogen status were low, which resulted in early shoot growth cessation and moderate yield, as well as high berry sugar and anthocyanin content. Severe water stress is known for affecting negatively berry ripening. Nevertheless, although this study was carried out under dry, Mediterranean conditions, the grapes with the highest potential for making quality red wines were obtained on the soils with the lowest water holding capacity.</p>
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Opeyemi, Akintola, Bodede Adewunmi, and Abiola Oluwaseyi. "Physical and Chemical Properties of Soils in Gambari Forest Reserve Near Ibadan, South Western Nigeria." Journal of Bioresource Management 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35691/jbm.0202.0132.
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The different features of soil greatly affect the flora and vegetative diversity of a forest. The physical and chemical characteristics of soils in Onigambari Forest Reserve were evaluated to assess the fertility and productivity status of the soils. Fifteen soil samples collected from different sample locations were analyzed for soil texture (sand, silt and clay), bulk density, porosity, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable bases (Na, K, Ca and Mg) and available micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn). Texturally, the studied soils were loamy sand and sandy loam with percentage of sands (71.2-84.2 %), silts (7.4-10.4 %) and clay (6.4-19.4 %). The bulk density of the soils was 1.61-1.83 % while the porosity of the soils ranged from 35.2-44.1 %. The slightly acidic to neutral soil pH (5.90 - 6.60) and medium organic matter content (1.68 -2.60 %) suggest adequate level of soil nutrients. The soils had high total nitrogen (0.35 -0.65 %) and available phosphorus contents between 10.98 and 18.22mg/kg.
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Tsai, Chen-Chi, and Yu-Fang Chang. "Effects of Biochar to Excessive Compost-Fertilized Soils on the Nutrient Status." Agronomy 10, no. 5 (May 12, 2020): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050683.
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Positive effects of a biochar–compost mix on soil nutrient status in infertile soil have been reported, but the potential effect of biochar amendments in excessive compost-fertilized soils has not been extensively studied. Excessive application of compost can result in the accumulation of nutrients and heavy metals (Cu and Zn). Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate the effect of biochar–excessive compost co-application on soil nutrient status. We hypothesized that biochar co-application could have positive effects on the absorption of excessive nutrients of Cu and Zn. A 371-day laboratory incubation study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the lead tree (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de. Wit) biochar produced at 750 °C on the dynamics of the soil nutrients. Three Taiwan rural soils were selected, including slightly acidic Oxisols (SAO), mildly alkaline Inceptisols (MAI), and slightly acid Inceptisols (SAI). The biochar treatments include control (0%) and 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% (w/w). In each treatment, 5% (w/w) poultry-livestock manure compost was added to test excessive application. The results indicated that the biochar treatments had a significant increase effect on soil pH, total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), C:N ratio, and available K concentration. The effect of biochar on electrical conductivity (EC) and available P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Pb, and Zn was insignificant. The effect of biochar, with relatively low application rates (<2% by wt), low surface area, and less surface function group, was eliminated by excessive compost (5% by wt). In addition to carbon sequestration and nitrogen conservation, biochar addition has no effect on the absorption of the excessive nutrients Cu and Zn in three studied soils.
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Ayer, Dipendra Kumar, Sheetal Aryal, Keshav Raj Adhikari, Krishna Dhakal, and Anupama Sharma. "Effect of Soil Conditioner on Carrot Growth and Soil Fertility Status." Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council 5 (April 28, 2019): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnarc.v5i1.18674.
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A field experiment was conducted in popular carrot cultivar Nepa Dream using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications for evaluating the effects of ten different treatments of soil conditioner in combination with organic and inorganic fertilizers on root growth and soil productivity. Soil samples from each microplot were also analyzed for soil texture, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium before sowing and after harvest. Effects on soil was not significant in the single season experiment but effects of the treatments on the carrot root growth and production was significant. For higher root yield and biological yield, treatments Soil Conditioner +Micronutrient (Double Dose)+1/2 Recommended Dose of Fertilizer +1/2 Farm Yard Manure (T10) followed by Soil Conditioner +Micronutrient (Normal)+1/2Recommended Dose of Fertilizer +1/2 Farm Yard Manure (T7), and Recommended Dose of Fertilizer Full (T2) were found better whereas treatment T10 was found closer to T2 and Soil Conditioner +Micronutrient (Double Dose)+Farm Yard Manure Full (T9) which showed higher mean performances for root diameter, cortex diameter and root length of carrot. In contrast, total soluble sugar as % brix was found less in the treatments involving one or more combinations of conditioner whereas highest for Farm Yard Manure and Recommended Dose of Fertilizer treatments either alone or in combination. Thus, use of normal dose of GMT™ soil conditioner along with ½ Recommended Dose of Fertilizer and ½ Farm Yard Manure (T7) can be used as an alternative to T2 for higher carrot production which also can reduce the use of commercial inorganic fertilizers for improving soil fertility status. For organic carrot production at low cost, T9 can also be used as an alternative to other combinations of chemical fertilizers.
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ZHENG, Li-Yan, Ling-Li HOU, Yan-Hui CHEN, Ya-Ling GUO, Jing-Jing ZHUO, and Guo WANG. "Soil nitrogen status in Tieguanyin tea plantation of Fujian Province." CHINESE JOURNAL OF ECO-AGRICULTURE 17, no. 2 (March 26, 2009): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1011.2009.00225.
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Dayo-Olagbende, G. O., K. O. Sanni, S. A. Adejoro, R. O. Afingba, and B. S. Ewulo. "Fate and Form of Nitrogen under Different Soil Redox Status." International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology 7, no. 2 (2022): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.72.16.
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Kong, Tao, D. L. Robinson, and H. J. Savoy. "Soil nitrogen and carbon status following clover production in louisiana." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 24, no. 11-12 (July 1993): 1345–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103629309368881.
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Yuan, Zhi-You, and Ling-Hao Li. "Soil water status influences plant nitrogen use: a case study." Plant and Soil 301, no. 1-2 (November 10, 2007): 303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9450-y.
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Scharenbroch, Bryant, and John Lloyd. "A Literature Review of Nitrogen Availability Indices for Use in Urban Landscapes." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 30, no. 4 (July 1, 2004): 214–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2004.026.
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Managers of urban landscapes are required to maintain aesthetic qualities of plants and so must ensure that vegetation has adequate nitrogen to grow and thrive. Soil organic matter decomposition and nitrogen mineralization facilitated by soil microorganisms are the primary determinants of soil nitrogen availability. Therefore, investigations of soil nitrogen pools, organic matter, and soil microbial populations should help urban landscape managers refine diagnostic tools and prescription fertilization for urban vegetation. Foliar assessments can be used to measure nitrogen the plant has acquired, but such assessments do not reveal information about current or future plant nitrogen acquisition. Soil nitrogen analyses can be used to measure the current nitrogen available for plant uptake as well as the amount that will potentially be available at some time in the future. Total soil organic matter changes occur primarily particulate organic matter (POM) fractions, and positive correlations have been identified between POM nitrogen, soil microbial nitrogen, and potentially mineralizable nitrogen. Consequently, examinations of POM fractions potentially indicate changes in soil organic matter and nitrogen availability. To improve existing standards for determining nitrogen status and needs of urban landscape plants, soil and plant nitrogen evaluation must be improved and correlated with plant nitrogen demand and soil nitrogen supply.
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Khan, MZ, and MS Amin. "Macro nutrient status of Sundarbans forest soils in Southern region of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 54, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v54i1.40732.
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An attempt has been made to evaluate the condition of soil of the Sundarban mangrove forest of Bangladesh by applying standard method. Soil pH was varied from 6.63 to 7.87. Organic carbon of soil was found 4.06, 4.79, 5.59, 9.38 and 9.80 (gKg-1) at Kotka, Kochikhali, Hironpoint, Harbaria, and Dublarchar, respectively. The electrical conductivity of soil was varied from 14.39, to 42.89 (dSm-1) in the study areas.The cation exchange capacity in the soils was varied from 22.32 to 27.2 Cmolckg-1 in the study area. The average percentages of total nitrogen content in the soil were varied from 0.04 to 0.08%. The soils of Oligohaline zone of Sundarban mangrove forest are rich in water soluble and exchangeable magnesium followed by calcium and the potassium. The percentages of silt and clay were higher than sand in all study areas. Dissolved chloride in the soil was found 7010, 4186,11750 and 16389 (μg g-1) at Hironpoint, Harbaria, Dublarchar and Kotka respectively.
Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(1), 67-72, 2019
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Aweto, A. O., O. Obe, and O. O. Ayanniyi. "Effects of shifting and continuous cultivation of cassava (Manihot esculenta) intercropped with maize (Zea mays) on a forest alfisol in south-western Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Science 118, no. 2 (April 1992): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600068787.
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SUMMARYSoils in farmlands near Ibadan, Nigeria, where shifting or continuous cultivation of cassava intercropped with maize is practised, were sampled in February 1990 and their characteristics compared with those of similar, uncultivated, forest soil. Organic matter, total nitrogen, exchangeable calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium, cation exchange capacity and pH were lower in the cultivated soils. Continuous cultivation exerted a greater effect on soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus status then did shifting cultivation. It is suggested that inorganic and organic fertilizers and mulch should be applied to cultivated soil to conserve the soil nutrients. Fallows of 3–6 years following 1–3 years of cropping appeared incapable alone of adequately restoring soil fertility. They should, therefore, be supplemented with fertilizer applications.
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Khemira, H., T. Righetti, and A. Azarenko. "Remobilization of Nitrogen from Storage Pools of Mature Apple Trees Depends on Nitrogen Status." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 519D—519. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.519d.
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Remobilization of reserve N and uptake of soil N in winter and spring were assessed in relation to the N status of trees. Ten-year-old `Newtown Pippin' apple trees on M.7A rootstock were fertilized to create moderately vigorous trees, trees with above-ground portions (tops) and roots relatively low in N (L/L), tops high in N and roots low in N (H/L), both tops and roots high in N (H/H), or tops low in N and roots high in N (L/H). Labeled (15N) fertilizers were used to tag the soil and frame and root N pools in the moderately vigorous trees prior to winter and spring remobilization. The level of 15N in the buds and new growth was monitored throughout winter and spring. Nitrogen stored in the aerial part of the tree was first to be remobilized to meet N requirements of the developing buds. Root and soil N reached the flower buds simultaneously. Trees of the L/H treatment transported labeled N upward to the bud as early as 9 Feb., even though average air temperature was close to 7°C, whereas L/L trees did not send any root-15N to the buds until 2.5 later. When trees received an abundance of N in the fall (H/H and L/H), their buds grew faster in the spring and they bloomed earlier compared with L/L and H/L trees. For root to shoot N translocation to start early (in winter), the bud needed to be low in N and the roots had to have adequate N reserves.