Academic literature on the topic 'Soil macrofauna'
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Journal articles on the topic "Soil macrofauna"
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Sofo, Adriano, Alba Nicoletta Mininni, and Patrizia Ricciuti. "Soil Macrofauna: A key Factor for Increasing Soil Fertility and Promoting Sustainable Soil Use in Fruit Orchard Agrosystems." Agronomy 10, no. 4 (March 25, 2020): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10040456.
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Soils and crops in orchard agrosystems are particularly vulnerable to climate change and environmental stresses. In many orchard soils, soil biodiversity and the ecosystem services it provides are under threat from a range of natural and manmade drivers. In this scenario, sustainable soil use aimed at increasing soil organic matter (SOM) and SOM-related benefits, in terms of soil quality and fertility, plays a crucial role. The role of soil macrofaunal organisms as colonizers, comminutors and engineers within soils, together with their interactions with microorganisms, can contribute to the long-term sustainability of orchard soils. Indeed, the continuous physical and chemical action of soil fauna significantly affects SOM levels. This review paper is focused on the most advanced and updated research on this argument. The analysis of the literature highlighted that a significant part of soil quality and fertility in sustainably-managed fruit orchard agrosystems is due to the action of soil macrofauna, together with its interaction with decomposing microorganisms. From the general analysis of the data obtained, it emerged that the role of soil macrofauna in orchards agrosystems should be seriously taken into account in land management strategies, focusing not exclusively on fruit yield and quality, but also on soil fertility restoration.
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Tulande-M, Esteban, Jose Ignacio Barrera-Cataño, Carlos Eduardo Alonso-Malaver, and Sofia Basto. "Soil macrofauna in areas with different ages after Pinus patula clearcutting." Universitas Scientiarum 23, no. 3 (December 13, 2018): 383–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.sc23-3.smia.
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In Andean high montane areas, the establishment of exotic tree forests changes the soil dynamics and its biodiversity. Soil macrofauna act as indicators of ecosystem successional processes, and may have an important role in ecological restoration processes after clear cutting exotic tree plantations. The aim of the present study was to understand how soil macrofaunal assemblies change in areas with different ages post clear cutting of Pinus patula, and to identify the soil physico-chemical variables that better explain these variations. The macrofauna in a high montane forest was evaluated along with that of three areas with different ages post clearcutting: 0, 2.5, and 5 years after clearcutting (Yac). The effect of soil physico chemical variables on macrofauna abundance was also evaluated. Macrofauna composition changed after clearcutting. Macrofauna abundance, richness, and diversity were lower in the 0 Yac area than in the other areas. Moreover, the macrofuna similarity to the reference forest did not increase with the years after clearcutting. This is due to the changes in soil characteristics, triggered by clearcutting. Slope, temperature, bulk density, real density, loam, pH, P, Na and K were the soil variales with a positive effect on the macrofauna abundance. These physico-chemical variables should be considered when designing restoration plans for Andean forest ecosystems. Moreover, Diplopoda, Coleoptera and Chilopoda might be useful to monitor and evaluate restoration processes after Pinus spp. clearcutting, because of their high abundance, diversity and relationship with environmental conditions.
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Sayad, E., S. M. Hosseini, V. Hosseini, and M. H. Salehe-Shooshtari. "Soil macrofauna in relation to soil and leaf litter properties in tree plantations." Journal of Forest Science 58, No. 4 (April 27, 2012): 170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/58/2011-jfs.
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Soil communities exert strong influences on the processing of organic matter and nutrients. Plantations of trees, especially of nitrogen fixing ones, may affect the soil macrofauna through litter quality and quantity. This study was conducted in a randomized block design with three blocks consisting of Populus euphratica, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus microtheca, Acacia farnesiana, Acacia salicina, Acacia saligna, Acacia stenophylla and Dalbergia sissoo monoculture plantations that were established in 1992. Soils and soil macrofauna were sampled in November 2006. Leaf litterfall was collected from November 2006 to November 2007 at bi-weekly intervals. Macroinvertebrate abundance and biomass were consistently higher in A. salicina plantations than in the others, whereas they were lowest in E. camaldulensis. Tree species and nitrogen fixing trees significantly influenced the soil macrofauna richness. The results suggest that the earthworm distribution is regulated by leaf litter quality (Ca, C and N) whereas the macrofauna richness is regulated by leaf litter mass, soil organic carbon and leaf litter Mg. Totally, it was revealed that the tree species clearly affected macrofauna whereas nitrogen fixation did not.
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Wibowo, Cahyo, and Syamsudin Ahmad Slamet. "KEANEKARAGAMAN MAKROFAUNA TANAH PADA BERBAGAI TIPE TEGAKAN DI AREAL BEKAS TAMBANG SILIKA DI HOLCIM EDUCATIONAL FOREST, SUKABUMI, JAWA BARAT Soil Macrofauna Diversity on Various Types of Stands in Silicas’ Post-Mining Land in Holcim Educational Forest..." Journal of Tropical Silviculture 8, no. 1 (June 19, 2017): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/j-siltrop.8.1.26-34.
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Soil Macrofauna has a very important role in maintaining soil fertility through the decomposition of organic matter, nutrient distribution, increasing soil aeration and so on. The existence of soil macrofauna are very important in helping the process of rehabilitation of post-mining land because they contribute to the improvement of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil. The purposes of this study are to identify and quantify the diversity of soil macrofauna in various types of stands and land without stand in Holcim Educational Forest. The highest abundance of soil macrofauna was found in mixed stand with 240 individuals in nine plots of observation, each plot was 40 cm x 40 cm. Layers of soil (0-10 cm) has an abundance of soil macrofauna higher than in the litter layer, because soil layer can provide protection from direct sunlight and enough food for soil macrofauna. Mixed stand has the highest soil macrofauna diversity (H '= 2.52, DMG = 6.93, J' = 0.63), as it has a more diverse vegetation and highest canopy density. Environmental conditions such as soil temperature, canopy density, and soil organic matter can influence the composition and abundance of soil macrofauna, so that the soil macrofauna can be used as an indicator in monitoring environmental quality. Soil macrofauna that dominates in all the stands and land without stand, were red ants (Formicidae 7), termites (Rhinotermitidae 1), earthworms (Megascolecidae 1), and larvae of Coleoptera (Scarabaeidae 1).Key words: abundance, diversity, environment, soil macrofauna
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Phophi, Mutondwa M., Paramu L. Mafongoya, Alfred O. Odindo, and Lembe S. Magwaza. "Screening Cover Crops for Soil Macrofauna Abundance and Diversity in Conservation Agriculture." Sustainable Agriculture Research 6, no. 4 (October 14, 2017): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v6n4p142.
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Soil health is important for sustainable crop production. Frequent soil cultivation has a negative impact on soil health, resulting in loss of soil macrofauna. Conservation agriculture can be practiced to improve soil health by improving the abundance of soil macrofauna. Three leguminous cover crops were tested for soil macrofauna abundance Vigna unguiculata, (cowpea) Lablab purpureus L. (dolichos lablab) and Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC (velvet bean). The experiment was done in two contrasting experimental sites of KwaZulu-Natal (Ukulinga and Bergville) in a randomised complete block design replicated three times. Bare plot and herbicide treatments served as controls. Natural fallow was used to make a comparison to all the other treatments. Cowpea (39 species) had the highest soil macrofauna abundance in Bergville. Lablab (57 species) had the highest soil macrofauna in Ukulinga. Cowpea (0.75 species) and lablab (0.61 species) improved soil macrofauna diversity respectively in Bergville. Natural fallow (0.46 species) had the lowest soil macrofauna diversity in Bergville. Lablab (0.56 species) and velvet bean (0.74 species) had high soil macrofauna species diversity in Ukulinga. Bare plot (0.3 species) had the lowest soil macrofauna species diversity respectively. It can be concluded that cowpea and lablab can be recommended for improving soil macrofauna abundance in conservation agriculture.
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Arnold, S., and E. R. Williams. "Quantification of the inevitable: the influence of soil macrofauna on soil water movement in rehabilitated open-cut mined lands." SOIL 2, no. 1 (January 21, 2016): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-41-2016.
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Abstract. Recolonisation of soil by macrofauna (especially ants, termites and earthworms) in rehabilitated open-cut mine sites is inevitable and, in terms of habitat restoration and function, typically of great value. In these highly disturbed landscapes, soil invertebrates play a major role in soil development (macropore configuration, nutrient cycling, bioturbation, etc.) and can influence hydrological processes such as infiltration, seepage, runoff generation and soil erosion. Understanding and quantifying these ecosystem processes is important in rehabilitation design, establishment and subsequent management to ensure progress to the desired end goal, especially in waste cover systems designed to prevent water reaching and transporting underlying hazardous waste materials. However, the soil macrofauna is typically overlooked during hydrological modelling, possibly due to uncertainties on the extent of their influence, which can lead to failure of waste cover systems or rehabilitation activities. We propose that scientific experiments under controlled conditions and field trials on post-mining lands are required to quantify (i) macrofauna–soil structure interactions, (ii) functional dynamics of macrofauna taxa, and (iii) their effects on macrofauna and soil development over time. Such knowledge would provide crucial information for soil water models, which would increase confidence in mine waste cover design recommendations and eventually lead to higher likelihood of rehabilitation success of open-cut mining land.
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Wibowo, Cahyo, and Muhammad Fahmi Alby. "Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Makrofauna Tanah pada Tiga Tegakan Berbeda di Hutan Pendidikan Gunung Walat." Journal of Tropical Silviculture 11, no. 1 (April 27, 2020): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/j-siltrop.11.1.25-31.
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Soil macrofauna is an important factor in studying the biological soil quality. The activity of soil macrofauna affects the soil properties and condition. The objective of this study was to identify the soil macrofauna and analyze the diversity, evenness, and richness index of soil macrofauna on some sites at educational forest of gunung Walat. The macrofauna was collected using hand sorting method on 40x40 cm plots in 10 cm depth of soil and 3-5 cm thick of forest litters at Agathis, Pinus, and Puspa trees. The identification result showed that a total 641 individuals were found under Agathis, Pinus, and Puspa trees. The Pinus trees showed the highest frequency of soil macrofauna (377 individu). The Agathis trees showed the highest value of diversity index, that was H’=2.38, DMg=4.12, and E=0.78.
Keywords: abundance, diversity, soil macrofauna, hand sorting method, Gunung Walat
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Vendrame, Pedro Rodolfo Siqueira, Robélio Leandro Marchão, Osmar Rodrigues Brito, Maria de Fátima Guimarães, and Thierry Becquer. "Relationship between macrofauna, mineralogy and exchangeable calcium and magnesium in Cerrado Oxisols under pasture." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 44, no. 8 (August 2009): 996–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2009000800031.
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The objective of this work was to assess the relationship between macrofauna, mineralogy and exchangeable calcium and magnesium in Cerrado Oxisols under pasture. Twelve collection points were chosen in the Distrito Federal and in Formosa municipality, Goiás state, Brazil, representing four soil groups with varied levels of calcium + magnesium and kaolinite/(kaolinite + gibbsite) ratios. Soil macrofauna was collected in triplicate at each collection point, and identified at the level of taxonomic groups. Macrofauna density showed correlation with contents of kaolinite, gibbsite and exchangeable Ca + Mg in the soils. Mineralogy and exchangeable Ca + Mg had significant effects on taxonomic groups and relative density of soil macrofauna. The termites (Isoptera) were more abundant in soils with low exchangeable Ca + Mg; earthworms (Oligochaeta), in soils with high levels of kaolinite; and Hemiptera and Coleoptera larvae were more abundant in gibbsitic soils with higher contents of total carbon.
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Winara, Aji. "Diversity of Soil Macrofauna on Teak (Tectona grandis) and Kimpul (Xanthosoma sangittifolium) Agroforestry." Jurnal Agroforestri Indonesia 3, no. 1 (July 2020): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/jai.2020.3.1.9-18.
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Soil macrofauna has an important role in the ecosystems and soil fertility. Agroforestry patterns have environmental benefits such as providing living space for biodiversity including soil macrofauna. This study aims to measure the influence of teak and kimpul agroforestry on the diversity of soil macrofauna. The study was conducted on teak and kimpul agroforestry demonstration plots in the KPH Yogyakarta in January 2019. The research method used was monolith and hand sorting techniques and the analysis was carried out descriptively using the species diversity index approach. The results showed that teak and kimpul agroforestry patterns did not affect on the diversity of species and density of soil macrofauna. The level of diversity of soil macrofauna in teak and kimpul agroforestry, teak monoculture and kimpul monoculture are low. The value of soil macrofauna diversity in teak and kimpul agroforests is higher than teak monoculture and kimpul monoculture. A total of five types of soil macrofauna were found in 12-year teak agroforestry, six types in 42-year teak agroforestry, five types in 12-year teak monoculture, eight types in 42-year teak monoculture and five types in kimpul monoculture. The dominant soil macrofauna are Microtermes sp. and Anomala sp.
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Silva, Rafaela Martins da, Rakiely Martins da Silva, Sandra Santana de Lima, Jianne Rafaela Mazzini de Souza, Jheny Kesley Mazzini de Souza, Gilberto Terra Ribeiro, and Guilherme Montandon Chaer. "Soil macrofauna as a bioindicator of soil quality in successional agroforestry systems." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 10 (August 20, 2021): e580101019144. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i10.19144.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate soil macrofauna as a bioindicator of soil quality in successional agroforestry systems and secondary forests. The study was conducted in the southern lower region of Bahia in Brazil, in two areas: a successional agroforestry system (AFS18) and native forest (NF). AFS18 consists of two species: mahogany (Khaya ivorensis and Khaya grandifoliola), açaí (Euterpe oleracea), cacao (Theobroma cacau) and banana (Musa spp.). Sampling was carried out in the dry (June) and rainy (October) seasons of 2019, and eight soil monoliths were collected in both areas. A total of 889 individuals from the soil macrofauna were sampled. The highest frequency (RF) of taxons occurred in NF in the rainy season, and the groups that stood out were: Oligochaeta with 42% FR in ASF18, Formicide with 33.9% in NF and Isoptera with 58% in AFS18. The macrofauna structure of the soil varied according to the time of collection. The density of macrofauna individuals differed between areas only in the dry season. The highest number of ind.m² was observed in the area NF (378) when compared to ASF18 (196). TOC, Mg2+, Al3+ and CTC were related to AF on both occasions of collection and AFS18 in the rainy season, K+, P and pH were associated with AFS18 in the dry season. The diversity, equitability and richness of the soil macrofauna was greater in AF area. HFA18 in the rainy season was similar to NF, favoring colonization of the area by soil macrofauna organisms.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Soil macrofauna"
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Inward, Kelly A. "Temporal and spatial variation in soil macrofauna of UK woodlands." Thesis, University of Reading, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553048.
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Little is known of the ecological structure of macro-invertebrate assemblages that live in the soil and leaf litter of British woodlands. This is the first study to investigate these assemblages at the whole community level, examining them at a range of resolutions from higher taxonomic unit (HTU) to species-level diversity and abundance across seven major groups including beetles, spiders and earthworms. Using the National Vegetation Classification (NVC) as a framework, 17 different wet and dry woodland types were sampled across England to examine the macro-invertebrate soil and litter communities, to compare and contrast the range of functional roles in each case, and to uncover the complex vegetational and environmental factors that influence invertebrate assemblage composition and structure. As the most widespread and invertebrate diverse woodland in the UK, an additional ten oak woodlands were sampled to explore the influence of geographic and climatic variables upon the patterns of soil/litter macro-invertebrates. The key findings suggest that soil moisture is most influential in determining the invertebrate species composition in all woodland types, indicating the wet woodlands are not only different to each other but to all other woodlands, and that the dry woodlands are more similar. Geographic location and soil type were found to have most influence on the diversity and abundance of both plant and invertebrate species in the dry woodlands. Air temperature is a key environmental influence on the oak woodlands as they can be grouped by geographic area, namely northern, western and central England localities. An oak woodland was further investigated for temporal patterns of soil invertebrates over a 12-month period. Findings indicate that most invertebrate species and functional groups peak in abundance at two key periods during the year: spring/early summer and later summer/autumn, this coincides with food availability for these groups at these times.
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Nel, Werner. "The abundance and diversity of meso- and macrofauna in vineyard soils under different management practices." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50463.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The agricultural sector in South Africa relies heavily on the use of pesticides to protect crops against pest organisms. Pesticides can affect non-target organisms such as the meso- and macrofauna in the soil detrimentally. Since these organisms play an important role in the processes of mineralization and decomposition in the soil and contribute to soil fertility, it is important that they are protected. A large amount of published literature exists on the biological importance of soil meso- and macrofauna and the effects that various agricultural practices have on them. The main aim of this study was to investigate the influence of agricultural practices on the abundance and diversity of meso- and macrofauna in different vineyard soils. A comparative study was conducted of an organically managed, conventionally managed and an uncultivated control soil. A secondary aim was to determine the effect of these agricultural management practices on the biological activity of these animals. Soil samples were taken, from which mesofauna (Collembola and Acari) were extracted with a modified Tullgren extractor, identified and counted. Earthworms were extracted from the soil using hand sorting methods. Soil parameters such as pH, water holding capacity, organic matter content, soil texture and soil respiration were determined. Bait lamina and litter-bags were also used to help determine the biological activity within the soil. The mesofauna diversity was quantified using the Shannon Weiner diversity index, as well as a diversity index described by Cancela da Fonseca and Sarkar (1996). Differences in abundance of both the meso-and macrofauna were statistically measured using ANOVA's. Biological activity results were also interpreted using ANOV A's. Results indicate that the abundance of the meso fauna was the highest at the organically treated vineyard soil and lowest in the conventionally managed soil where pesticide application took place. The earthworms also showed the same trend as the mesofauna, but were much more influenced by seasonal changes. Biological activity, according to the bait lamina and the litter-bag results, was higher in both the conventionally and organically managed soils than in the control, but no statistical significant differences were found between the two experimental soils. The soil respiration (C02-flux), also indicating biological activity, was highest in the organically treated soil and lowest in the conventionally treated soil. The different sampling techniques used gave variable results and although the organically managed soil proved to have higher abundances of both meso- and macrofauna, the biological activity did not show the same trends. In conclusion the data did not give enough evidence as to whether organic management practices were more beneficial than conventional management practices for the maintenance of soil biodiversity.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid Afrikaanse Landbousektor steun hewig op die gebruik van verskillende chemiese pestisiede om oeste teen pes organismes te beskerm. Pestisiede kon ook verskeie ander nie-teikenorganismes soos die meso- en makrofauna in die grond negatief affekteer. Hierdie organismes behoort beskerm te word omdat hulle 'n belangrike rol speel in grondprosesse soos mineralisering, en die afbreek van organiese materiaal. Hierdie organismes dra ook by tot die vrugbaarheid van die grond. Daar is heelwat gepubliseerde literatuur beskikbaar wat verband hou met die biologiese belangrikheid van grond meso- en makrofauna en die effekte wat verskeie landbou behandelings op hulle het. Die primêre doel van hierdie studie was om vas te stel watter invloed konvensionele landboupraktyke op die hoeveelheid en diversiteit van meso- en makrofauna in verskillende wingerdgronde het. 'n Vergelykende studie is gedoen om wingerdgronde wat konvensioneel en organies behandel is sowel as 'n onbehandelde kontrolegrond met natuurlike plantegroei met mekaar te vergelyk. 'n Sekondêre doel van hierdie studie was ook om die effek van die verskillende boerderymetodes op die biologiese akitiwiteit in die grond te ondersoek. Grondmonsters is geneem, waaruit die meso fauna (Collembola en Acari) deur middel van 'n aangepaste Tullgren ekstraktor ge-ekstraheer, geïdentifiseer en getel. Die erdwurms is deur middel van handsorteringsmetodes versamel. Die volgende grond parameters is gemeet: pH, waterhouvermoë, organiese materiaal inhoud, grondtekstuur en grondrespirasie. "Bait lamina" en "litter bags" is ook gebruik om biologiese aktiwiteit in die grond te bepaal. Die diversiteit van mesofauna is bepaal met die Shannon Weiner diversiteitsindeks, as ook 'n diversiteitsindeks wat deur Cancela da Fonseca en Sarkar (1996) ontwikkel is. Die resultate van beide die meso- en makrofauna hoeveelhede in die verskillende wingerdgronde is met mekaar vergelyk deur van ANOV A's gebruik te maak. Die resultate van die biologiese aktiwiteit is ook deur middel van ANOVO's statisties met mekaar vergelyk. Die resultate het aangetoon dat die hoeveelheid mesofauna die hoogste in die organies behandelde grond en die laagste in konvensionele grond was. Die erdwurms het dieselfde patroon as die mesofauna getoon, maar is baie meer deur seisoenale faktore geaffekteer, bv. reënval. Volgens die resultate van die "bait lamina" en die "litter bags" was die biologiese aktiwiteit in die grond hoër in beide die eksperimentele grond as in die kontrolegrond. Die grondrespirasie (C02-puIs) was hoër in die kontrolegrond as in die ander eksperimentele gronde. Daar was groot variasie tussen die resultate wat met die verskillende tegnieke verkry is en alhoewel die organiese perseel hoër hoeveelhede van beide meso- en makrofauna gehad het, het die biologiese aktiwiteit nie dieselfde tendens gewys nie. Vanuit die data wat verkry is kon daar dus nie met sekerheid afgelei word dat organiese boerderymetodes beter vir die biodiversiteit van gronde,soos hier gemeet, is as konvensionele boerderymetodes nie.
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Catanozi, Gerson. "Analise espacial da macrofauna edafica sob diferentes condições ambientais dos tropicos umidos." [s.n.], 2018. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287219.
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Orientador: Carlos Roberto SpindolaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: A biodiversidade no Brasil é considerada uma das maiores do planeta. Parte significativa desta permanece desconhecida. Nesse caso, encontra-se a fauna de solo. Além da importância ecológica, esses organismos têm se revelado fundamentais para o bom funcionamento do sistema edáfico. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar e identificar grupos taxonômicos da macrofauna de solo e estabelecer os respectivos índices ecológicos em: áreas florestais conservadas e em recuperação da degradação por mineração; e áreas sob manejo agrícola - biodinâmico e tradicional. Para tanto, foram realizadas coletas utilizando-se os métodos - Pitfall traps e TSBF. Os animais coletados foram identificados em grandes grupos taxonômicos e contabilizados para se obter densidades, riquezas e índices ecológicos. Os resultados indicam que a densidade de grupo, associada à riqueza e índices ecológicos, contribui de forma importante para um entendimento integrado. Os solos em processo de recuperação apresentaram valores que diferiram entre si, principalmente nas camadas mais superficiais. Pastos com braquiária podem ser diferentes entre si com relação à macrofauna de solo, principalmente em favor do manejo biodinâmico com maior diversidade de espécies vegetais. Finalmente, modelos matemáticos das densidades podem contribuir com a análise ou previsão das condições do solo. Porém, estudos complementares são necessários, reforçando a possibilidade de tornar viável o uso de organismos da macrofauna de solo como bioindicadores ambientais
Abstract: Biodiversity in Brazil is considered one of the greatest on the planet. Important part of it has kept unknown and many species have been extinguished quite before scientifically identified, mainly because of the small size of those organisms or the restricted access to them. That may be particularly the case of soil fauna. Besides their ecological importance, those organisms have played fundamental role for a good work of edaphic system. The objective of this work is to analyze and identify taxonomic groups of soil macrofauna, establishing the respective ecological indexes at: conserved rainforest and in recovery process from degradation by tin mining areas; and areas under biodynamic system and conventional management. In order to that, collects were taken by using two methods - Pitfall traps and TSBF. The collected animals were identified into broad taxonomic and counted to determine their densities, richness and ecological indexes. The general results suggest that the density of each animal taxonomic unit, associated to richness of groups and ecological indexes, supplies in an important way for a global understanding. Soils in different recovery process showed different results, mainly within the superficial layers. Biodinamyc managed pastures with Brachiaria sp may be different between each other about epigeic and edaphic macrofauna, mostly where greater diversity of consorted plant species are present, even in conventional management approach. Finally, mathematical models for density may contribute to analyze and forecast the soil conditions. Nevertheless, additional studies are necessary in order to make possible the use of soil macrofauna as environmental bioindicators
Doutorado
Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial
Doutor em Ciências
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Franco, André Luiz Custódio. "Soil engineering by macroinvertebrates: controls on soil organic matter storage across land use change." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-26052015-165800/.
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Globally land use change (LUC) with increasing in land use intensity has led to a decrease in soil organic matter (SOM). The reduction of soil C stock across LUC has been accompanied by a destabilization of soil structure and increases the soil erosion susceptibility. The destabilized soil structure is also concomitant with a loss of soil biodiversity and in particular, soil macroinvertebrate community. The focus of this dissertation is the effect of LUC with increasing in land use intensity on soil macrofauna, aggregation and SOM allocation. We hypothesized that LUC reduces soil macrofaunal biodiversity and consequently decreases soil engineering processes, resulting in destabilization of soil structure and impairing the ability of soil to physically protect SOM from decomposition inside stable aggregates, finally leading to depleted SOC stocks across LUC. In order to test these hypotheses, we conducted a field survey in 3 chronosequences of land use comprising native vegetation (NV), pasture (PA), and sugarcane crop (SC) in Central-Southern Brazil. This land use sequence provides a gradient of land use intensity and is projected to add 6.4 Mha of new sugarcane areas in Brazil by 2021. At each sampling point soil blocks of 25 X 25 cm and 5 x 5 cm to 10 cm depth were simultaneously collected from 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm soil layers, for macrofauna isolation and aggregate fractionation, respectively. Within a radius of 6 meters around each sampling point, 12 subsamples were also collected from the same soil layers, and combined for total soil C and N concentration. An average reduction of 89% in the density of the soil macrofaunal community was observed when SC replaces PA, and a loss of 39% in the diversity of macrofauna groups. Our findings showed that, over a range of soil textures (16 - 66% clay), such biodiversity loss was strongly correlated with the destabilization of soil structure across LUC, whereas soil texture was not so. These observations consistently indicate that the abundance of detritivore soil animals, especially earthworms and termites, may be a significant predictor of soil structure transformations across LUC in tropical environments. Moreover, the sharp reduction in the abundance of earthworms was strongly positively correlated with the decrease in intra macroaggregate-associated C. As a result, after more than 20 years of sugarcane crop there were losses of 40 and 35% of C and N stocks, respectively, resulting in a rate of C emission of 1.3 Mg ha-1 yr-1. This C loss primarily occurred in the macroaggregate-associated C, as a result of the faster macroaggregate turnover under SC. In summary, the results presented here provide a mechanistic explanation as to why there is soil C depletion when increasing land use intensity in tropical soils: the huge reduction in the abundance of soil engineering invertebrates after LUC impair the ability of soil to physically protect SOM from decomposition inside stable aggregates, and therefore it is a primary mechanism controlling the soil C stocks\' depletion across LUC.Globalmente mudanças no uso da terra (MUT) com o aumento da intensidade de uso do solo têm levado a uma diminuição da matéria orgânica do solo (MOS). A redução do estoque de C do solo após MUT tem sido acompanhada por uma desestabilização da estrutura do solo e aumento da susceptibilidade a erosão. A desestabilização da estrutura também é concomitante com a perda da biodiversidade do solo e, em particular, da comunidade de macroinvertebrados do solo. O foco deste trabalho é o efeito de MUT com aumento na intensidade de uso do solo sobre a macrofauna do solo, agregação e alocação da MOS. Nossa hipótese é que MUT reduz a diversidade da macrofauna do solo e, conseqüentemente, diminui os processos de engenharia de solo, resultando na desestabilização da estrutura do solo e prejudicando a capacidade do solo para proteger fisicamente a MOS da decomposição dentro de agregados estáveis, finalmente levando a redução dos estoques de C após MUT. Foi realizada uma pesquisa em 3 cronosseqüências de uso da terra que compreendem vegetação nativa (NV), pastagem (PA), e cana-de-açúcar (CA) na região Centro-Sul do Brasil. Esta MUT fornece um gradiente de intensidade de uso do solo e é projetada para adicionar 6,4 Mha de novas áreas de CA no Brasil até 2021. Em cada ponto de amostragem de solo blocos de 25 x 25 cm e 5 x 5 cm a 10 cm de profundidade foram coletados simultaneamente das camadas 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm e 20-30 cm de solo, para isolamento da macrofauna e fracionamento de agregados, respectivamente. Foi observada uma redução média de 89% na densidade da comunidade da macrofauna quando CA substitui PA, e uma perda de 39% da diversidade de grupos. Nossos resultados mostraram que, em um intervalo de texturas do solo (16-66% de argila), tal perda de biodiversidade foi fortemente correlacionada com a desestabilização da estrutura do solo após MUT. Estas observações indicam consistentemente que a abundância de animais detritívoros, especialmente minhocas e cupins, pode ser um preditor significativo de transformações da estrutura do solo em MUT. Além disso, a forte redução na abundância de minhocas foi fortemente e positivamente correlacionada com a diminuição do C alocado intra macroagregados. Como resultado, após mais de 20 anos de cultura de CA houve perdas de 40 e 35% dos estoques de C e N, respectivamente, resultando em uma taxa de emissão de C de 1,3 Mg ha-1 ano-1. Esta perda de C ocorreu principalmente no C associado aos macroagregados, como um resultado da reciclagem mais rápida dos macroagregados sob CA. Em resumo, os resultados aqui apresentados fornecem uma explicação mecanicista a respeito de porque há esgotamento do C do solo quando aumenta-se a intensidade de uso do solo em ambientes tropicais: a enorme redução na abundância de invertebrados \"engenheiros do solo\" após MUT prejudica a capacidade do solo para proteger fisicamente a MOS da decomposição dentro de agregados estáveis, e, portanto, é um mecanismo primário controlando a redução dos estoques de C no solo relacionada a MUT.
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Majeed, Muhammad Zeeshan. "Emissions of nitrous oxide by tropical soil macrofauna : impact of feeding guilds and licrobial communities involved." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20073/document.
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Les sols représentent environ 63% des émissions de N2O et à eux seuls les sols tropicaux représentent 23% de ce budget soit une contribution bien plus élevé que les sols tempérés. Ces sols sont connus pour abriter une grande biodiversité d'invertébrés dominés par quatre types i.e. termites, vers de terre, fourmis et larves de scarabaeid. Ces groupes macrofaunal sont considérés comme des ingénieurs des sols via notamment leurs actions de régulation de la disponibilité des ressources chimiques, tels que l'azote minéral pour les micro-organismes. Cette régulation est due à leurs capacités de digestion spécifiques de la matière organique ainsi que la création et/ou la modification des habitats des sols. Cette étude est basée sur l'hypothèse suivante (i) l'environnement digestif et les structures biogéniques de ces ingénieurs du sol sont considérées comme des « hot spot » d' émissions de N2O (ii) les taux d'émission de N2O varient en fonction de leurs régimes alimentaires, cette macrofaune ingérant des substrats avec différents C:N (iii) le taux d'émission de N2O de chaque invertébré est corrélé à la densité des communautés bactériennes digestives impliquées dans l'émission de N2O (bactéries nitrifiantes et dénitrifiantes) et à leur teneur en azote minéral dans leur tube digestif. Pour évaluer ces différentes hypothèses, des mesures des taux d'émission de N2O ont été effectuées in vitro en aérobiose pour la macrofaune (30 espèces différentes en provenance d'Afrique, d'Amérique du Sud et d'Europe) et leurs matériels biogéniques associées (nids, turricules). L'abondance des gènes fonctionnelles des bactéries nitrifiantes (AOA et AOB) et dénitrifiantes (nirK, nirS, nosZ) ont été quantifiés par PCR quantitative. Les termites humivores et champignonnistes ainsi que les larves de scarabaeid émettent des quantités significatives de N2O alors que les fourmis n'en émettent pas. Quand aux termites xylophages et litièrivore, ils absorbent le N2O. Les structures biogéniques des vers de terre (turricules) et des fourmis (nid) émettent des quantités importantes de N2O ce qui n'est pas le cas des nids de termites. La faune du sol et leurs structures biogéniques associées, sont donc, dans la majorité des cas étudiés, un lieu d'émission de N2O, confirmant ainsi notre première hypothèse. Ce travail a également démontré qu'il y a avait une étroite corrélation entre régime alimentaire et intensité de l'émission de N2O au sein de chaque type de macrofaune étudié. En revanche, l'abondance des gènes des communautés digestive nitrifiantes et dénitrifiantes et le contenu en N minéral au sein du tube digestif ne semblent pas être des proxies pertinents des émissions de N2O. A partir de ces mesures, des calculs ont été effectuées pour déterminer l'importance de ces émissions à l'échelle des écosystèmes tropicaux étudiés (forêt et savane). Ces calculs suggèrent que la macrofaune du sol dans ces écosystèmes pourrait contribuer entre 0,1 à 11,7% et 0,1 à 8,8% du budget total des émissions de N2O, respectivement. Les résultats de ces travaux devraient contribuer à une meilleure prise en compte de la composante biotique dans la modélisation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre provenant des sols en milieu tropicalSoils account for about 63% of N2O emissions. Tropical soils are estimated to emit 23% of global N2O emission budget which is much higher than temperate soil N2O emissions. These soils also harbor a huge biodiversity of invertebrates dominated by four types of macrofauna i.e. termites, earthworms, ants and scarabaeid grubs. These macrofaunal groups are considered as soil engineers because they regulate the availability of chemical resources, like mineral nitrogen, for the microorganisms via their specific digestion capabilities and/or by creating and modifying soil habitats. This study is based on the following hypothesis (i) the gut environment or biogenic structures of these soil engineers are considered as hotspots of N2O emission (ii) the N2O emission rates will vary according to their feeding behavior as these macrofauna thrive on diverse substrates with different C:N ratio (iii) the rate of N2O emission in each soil fauna will also depend on the gut density of the bacterial communities involved in the N2O emission (nitrifiers and denitrifiers) and on the mineral nitrogen content within the gut. To assess these different hypotheses in-vitro short-term N2O emission rates were assessed for either live macrofauna (30 species collected from Africa, South America and Europe) or their biogenic materials or both under aerobic incubations. Genes abundance of nitrifiers (AOA and AOB) and denitrifiers (nirK, nirS, nosZ) were quantified by real time quantitative PCR. Soil-feeders and fungus-growing termites and scarabaeid grubs emitted in-vivo N2O while ants did not. Surprisingly, wood- and grass-feeding termites revealed an uptake of N2O. Biogenic structures of earthworms and ants emitted substantial amount of N2O while those of termites did not. The emission difference between macrofauna or their biogenic materials and their control materials was significant for most of the macrofaunal groups studied confirming our first hypothesis. We also confirmed that the feeding behavior (total N content and C:N ratio of food material) is the main factor explaining the observed N2O emission pattern of each macrofaunal group investigated whereas genes abundances, particularly of denitrifiers and gut N mineral content did not appear to be relevant proxies of the N2O emissions rates. A back-on-the-envelope data upscaling suggests that soil macrofauna could contribute from 0.1–11.7% and 0.1–8.8% of the total soil N2O emissions, respectively, for the tropical rainforest and dry savanna ecosystems. This work should contribute to a better estimation of the soil biotic compartment in the different models of greenhouse gas emissions from tropical soils
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Smith, Joanne. "Agri-environment schemes and soil biodiversity: assessing the conservation, biodiversity and functional value of arable field margins for soil macrofauna." Thesis, University of Reading, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486322.
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Pauli, Natasha. "Environmental influences on the spatial and temporal distribution of soil macrofauna in a smallholder agriforestry system of western Honduras." University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0142.
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This thesis presents the findings of an investigation of the spatial and temporal distribution of soil macrofauna at multiple scales within smallholder agriforestry fields in a remote, mountainous area of western Honduras. Since 1990, smallholder farmers in the study area have switched from traditional slash-and-burn agriculture to a form of slash-and-mulch agriforestry based on cultivating maize, beans and sorghum amongst dispersed trees. The principal objective was to examine the influence of the slash-and-mulch agricultural system on soil macrofauna abundance, biomass and community composition, and relate soil macrofauna distribution patterns to environmental variables. The initial stage of the research comprised transect-based sampling of soil macrofauna and biophysical variables in four common land uses of the study area. All four land uses (secondary forest, young milpa (agriforestry), mature milpa, and pasture) supported abundant, diverse and heterogeneous soil macrofauna communities, with few notable differences in soil macrofauna distribution among land uses. The most abundant soil macrofauna taxa were termites, ants, earthworms and beetles. Of the 'explanatory' environmental variables that were measured (including land use and selected soil properties, vegetation characteristics and topographic variables), those that had the strongest relationships with soil macrofauna abundance were land use, tree density and soil organic matter content. The second stage of the research was spatially-orientated and used stratified sampling based on within-field differences in farmer-defined soil type, as well as grid-based sampling of soil macrofauna surface activity. There was substantial within-field variation in soil type and topography, which was related to distribution patterns of at least one agriculturally-important soil macrofauna taxon. Earthworm activity was higher in areas of fertile soil and lower slope positions. At a finer scale, there was a positive spatial correlation between tree distribution and earthworm casting activity. The final phase situated the biophysical research in the local socio-economic context through participant observation and interviews with farmers. The results of the three phases of the study were incorporated into an original conceptual model of the relationships among soil macrofauna and environmental variables in the study area across multiple spatial scales and along a chronosequence of land use changes. Specific pointers are provided for further research on the role of soil fauna in influencing soil structure, nutrient cycling and pest species abundance, and for further investigating local knowledge and the socio-economic and cultural drivers of land use change.
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Batista, Itaynara [UNESP]. "Relação entre macrofauna, agregação e atributos edáficos em sequência de culturas sob plantio direto." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134005.
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000858636.pdf: 1625386 bytes, checksum: f780626b836aa2024118438b39cf66cc (MD5)O sistema de plantio direto (PD) é apresentado como técnica agrícola que melhora as propriedades químicas, físicas e biológicas do solo. No entanto, ainda permanecem muitas questões quanto ao efeito do tipo e sequência de culturas sobre as interações planta-organismos-solo. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito de sequências de culturas em sistema de plantio direto na comunidade da macrofauna edáfica e nas características químicas e físicas dos agregados em duas épocas de avaliação, seca e chuvosa em áreas de domínio morfológico de Mata Atlântica. As hipóteses testadas foram: i) a rotação de culturas com espécies de gramíneas/leguminosas (milho/soja) favorece a formação dos agregados de diferentes tipos morfológicos com diferentes características físicas e químicas, devido à atuação de raízes e a seleção alimentar pela macrofauna do solo; ii) a época de avaliação promove mudanças no ambiente para a formação dos agregados em função da cultura recente e da sazonalidade; iii) os agentes biológicos (macrofauna e raízes) alteram a dinâmica da matéria orgânica associada aos agregados do solo, devido à seleção alimentar pela macrofauna e pela atuação de raízes; iv) a rotação de gramíneas/leguminosas promove maior riqueza de indivíduos, uniformidade da macrofauna edáfica, maior abundância de grupos decompositores de matéria orgânica e engenheiros do ecossistema quando comparada com gramíneas ou com leguminosas, devido a melhoria na disponibilidade de recursos alimentares. O experimento foi realizado sob PD em Jaboticabal - SP, os tratamentos analisados foram: monocultura de soja (leguminosa) no verão e crotalária (leguminosa) na entressafra (S-C), monocultura de milho (gramínea) no verão e milho na entressafra (M-M), rotação soja/milho no verão e uma milho na entressafra (S/M-M) e rotação soja/milho no verão e crotalária ...
The no-tillage system (NT) is presented as an agricultural technique that improves the chemical, physical and biological soil properties. However, many questions still remain as to the effect of the type and sequence of cultures on plantsoil- organisms interactions. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of crop sequences in no-tillage system in the community of soil macrofauna and chemical and physical characteristics of aggregates in two evaluation periods, dry and wet in areas of morphological domain of Atlantic Forest. The hypotheses tested were: e) crop rotation with species of grass/legumes (corn/soybean) favors the formation of aggregates of different morphological types with different physical and chemical characteristics, due to the action of roots and food selection by soil macrofauna; ii) the evaluation period promotes changes in the environment for the formation of aggregates due to the recent culture and seasonality; iii) biological agents (macrofauna and roots) alter the dynamics of organic matter associated with soil aggregates due to food selection by macrofauna and action of roots; iv) the rotation of grass/legumes promotes greater richness of individuals, uniformity of soil macrofauna, greater abundance of groups decomposers of organic matter and engineers of the ecosystem when compared to grasses or legumes, due to improvement in the availability of food resources. The experiment was conducted under NT in Jaboticabal - SP, the treatments analyzed were: soybean monoculture (legume) in the summer and sun hemp (legume) in the off season (S-SH), corn monoculture (grass) in the summer and corn in the off season (C-C), rotation soybean/corn in the summer and a corn in the off season (S/C-C) and rotation soybean/corn in the summer and sun hemp in the off-season (S/C-SH). The sampling was carried out in August 2012 and March 2013. ...
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Krolow, Ivan Renato Cardoso. "Efeito de fertilizantes mineral, organomineral e orgânico sobre a macrofauna e mesofauna do solo." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2011. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2431.
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Previous issue date: 2011-04-15The study was performed on a rural property in the locality the Hidraulica city of Capão do Leão - Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, to evaluate the influence of mineral fertilizers, organo-mineral and organic on macrofauna and mesofauna the soil. We used the following succession crops: Zea mays L.-forage Consortium (Trifolium repens L., Trifolium pratense L., Lotus corniculatus L. and Lolium multiflorum Lam), Sorghum bicolor L., Brassica napus L., Panicum maximum-Lolium multiflorum Lam, Helianthus annuus L.-Triticum aestivum L. Investigated the following treatments: T1-Control, T2-fertilizer mineral , T3- organo-mineral fertilizer, T4-compost fertilizer and T5-organic fertilizer turkey litter. The variables were: precipitation, soil properties (pHágua, pHSMP, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, nitrogen, carbon / nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminum, sodium, manganese, copper and zinc), attributes Soil physical (moisture and temperature), agronomic responses (yield and biomass) and soil macrofauna and mesofauna. Sowing of summer species occurred in December 2007, while those of winter, in May 2008. Grain crops were harvested at the end of their cycle, while forage in summer and winter amounted to seven six cuts successive, respectively. The results of soil temperature, soil moisture, yield, agronomic and representatives of the fauna were subjected to analysis of variance, mean test (Duncan 5%) probability. The fauna found was also analyzed for density, richness, relative frequency, classification by Abundance, diversity index and evenness index. Results related to soil fauna, macronutrients, micronutrients and soil conductivity were also submitted to multivariate analysis. The Fertilizers compost and organic-mineral was associated more effectively the majority of taxos, justifying larger the variation of data the exception of the catch of the soil inner in the culture of aruana. In experiment 1 the groups Acari, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Oligochaeta and Nematoda and nitrogen content, zinc, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus and calcium were those who 9 had contributed more in variation of the data. In experiment 2 the groups Isopoda, Diplura, Myriapoda, Acari and Dermaptera and the magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc, copper, sodium, aluminum and iron were those who had contributed more in variation of the data. In experiment 3 the groups Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Diplura, Myriapoda, Protura and the magnesium, nitrogen, iron and manganese were those who had contributed more in variation of the data. In experiment 4 the groups Acari, Nematoda, Dermaptera, Protura, Diplura, Coleoptera and Oligochaeta and the contents of potassium, iron, copper and calcium were those who had contributed more in variation of the data.
O estudo foi realizado em uma propriedade rural, na localidade da Hidráulica no município de Capão do Leão - Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, com objetivo de avaliar a influência dos fertilizantes mineral, organo-mineral e orgânico sobre a macrofauna e mesofauna do solo. Foram dispostos quatro experimentos individualizados em delineamento estatístico blocos casualizados com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições cada, em um ARGISSOLO AMARELO Distrófico típico, franco arenoso. Utilizou-se as seguintes culturas em sucessão: Zea mays L.-Consórcio forrageiro (Trifolium repens L., Trifolium pratense L., Lotus corniculatus L. e Lolium multiflorum Lam.); Sorghum bicolor L.-Brassica napus L.; Panicum maximum-Lolium multiflorum Lam.; Helianthus annuus L.-Triticum aestivum L. Investigaram-se os seguintes tratamentos: T1-Testemunha, T2-Fertilizante mineral, T3-Fertilizante organo-mineral, T4-Fertilizante-composto e T5-Fertilizante orgânico cama de peru . As variáveis analisadas foram: precipitação, propriedades químicas do solo (pHágua, pHSMP, condutividade elétrica, carbono orgânico, nitrogênio, carbono/nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio, cálcio, magnésio, ferro, alumínio, manganês, sódio, cobre e zinco), atributos físicos do solo (umidade e temperatura), respostas agronômicas (rendimento de grãos e de fitomassa) e a macrofauna e mesofauna do solo. A semeadura das espécies de verão se deu no mês de dezembro de 2007, enquanto as de inverno, foram a partir de maio de 2008. As colheitas foram realizadas nas culturas de grãos no final do respectivo ciclo, enquanto, nas forrageiras de verão e de inverno totalizaram-se sete e seis cortes sucessivos, respectivamente. Os resultados de temperatura do solo, umidade do solo e rendimento agronômico e representantes da fauna foram submetidos à análise de variância, teste de médias (Duncan 5%) de probabilidade. A fauna encontrada também foi submetida à análise de Densidade, Riqueza, Freqüência relativa, classificação por categoria de Abundância, índice de diversidade, índice de equitabilidade. Os resultados referentes à fauna edáfica, macronutrientes, micronutrientes e condutividade elétrica do solo foram submetidos também a análise multivariada. Conclui- se que: a menor diversidade e equitabilidade foram encontradas no Fertilizante mineral nas coletas realizadas no interior do solo do consórcio forrageiro, da canola, da aruana e do trigo. Assim como, nas coletas de superfície que mostram no milho, no consórcio forrageiro, na canola e na aruana e azevém os menores índices ecológicos. Os grupos Collembola, Acari, Hymenoptera e Coleoptera mostraram as maiores densidades entre os experimentos. O rendimento agronômico do milho e da aruana e azevém influenciaram mais na disposição da fauna edáfica nas coletas de interior do solo, enquanto que, nas coletas de superfície a maior contribuição foi no consórcio forrageiro no sorgo e no trigo. Aos Fertilizantes, composto e organo-mineral associaram-se mais efetivamente a maioria dos táxons, justificando-se a maior variação dos dados levantados nas coletas de interior e superfície do solo a exceção das coletas de interior do solo na cultura da aruana. No experimento 1 os grupos Acari, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Oligochaeta e Nematoda e os teores de nitrogênio, zinco, magnésio, manganês, fósforo e cálcio contribuíram mais efetivamente com a variação dos dados. No experimento 2 os grupos Isopoda, Diplura, Myriapoda, Acari e Dermaptera e os teores de magnésio, nitrogênio, fósforo, zinco, cobre, sódio, alumínio e ferro contribuíram mais efetivamente com a variação dos dados. No experimento 3 os grupos Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Diplura, Myriapoda, Protura e os teores de magnésio, nitrogênio, manganês e ferro contribuíram mais efetivamente com a variação dos dados. No experimento 4 os grupos Acari, Nematoda, Dermaptera, Protura, Diplura, Coleoptera, e Oligochaeta e os teores de potássio, ferro, cobre e cálcio contribuíram mais efetivamente com a variação dos dados.
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Bertollo, Gilvan Moisés. "ATRIBUTOS BIOLÓGICOS E FÍSICOS DO SOLO COM O USO DE BIOFERTILIZANTE." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4940.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe use of biofertilizers has been effective alternative to proper disposal of waste. However, addition of organic waste culture systems can influence the soil biota, microorganisms, and the physical properties of the soil. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of biofertilizer application in fauna and soil physical properties. The study was conducted in four experiments. The first consisted of the evaluation of soil fauna with the use of biofertilizers bovine in a randomized design with factorial arrangement 5 x 12, five fertilization (0 (no biofertilizer control), 150, 300, 450 and 600 L ha-1 biofertilizer bovine), twelve months, with four replications. The second study was analyzed the multiplication of springtails in laboratory conditions under different crop residues and doses of bovine biofertilizer. Another experiment was conducted to evaluate the microbiological changes in soil submitted to fertilization with bovine biofertilizer with randomized block experimental design and, finally, we evaluated the physical properties of an Oxisol submitted to doses of bovine biofertilizer. It was observed that the bovine biofertilizer not interfere in the analyzed biological variables and for the orders, all varied over the time of collection except for Lepidoptera. In reproduction of Collembola laboratory, bovine biofertilizer favors until the estimated dose of 266 L ha-1 and crop residues tested without the use of yeast favors the proliferation of Collembola. The activity of soil organisms is greater on the surface and the estimated dose of 298 L ha-1 bovine biofertilizer and the application of bovine biofertilizer only enabled the rise of evidence macroporosity and microporosity decreased when used doses up to 268 and 293 L ha-1, respectively, necessitating further studies to confirm these results.
O uso de biofertilizantes tem sido alternativa eficiente para descarte correto dos dejetos. Contudo, a adição de resíduos orgânicos em sistemas de cultivo pode influenciar a biota do solo, microrganismos e as propriedades físicas do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a influencia da aplicação biofertilizante sobre os organismos e propriedades físicas do solo. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em quatro experimentos. O primeiro constou da avaliação da fauna edáfica com o uso de biofertilizante bovino em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados em arranjo fatorial 5 x 12, sendo cinco adubações (0 (controle sem biofertilizante), 150, 300, 450 e 600 L ha-1 de biofertilizante bovino), doze meses, com 4 repetições. O segundo trabalho foi analisado a multiplicação de colêmbolos em condições de laboratório submetidos a diferentes resíduos vegetais e doses de biofertilizante bovino. Outro experimento foi realizado para avaliar as alterações microbiológicas em solo submetido à adubação com biofertilizante bovino com delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso e, por fim, foi avaliado as propriedades físicas de um Latossolo submetido a doses de biofertilizante bovino. Observou-se que o biofertilizante bovino não interfere nas variáveis biológicas analisadas e em relação as ordens, todas variaram ao longo da época de coleta com exceção da Lepidóptera. Na reprodução dos colêmbolos em laboratório, o biofertilizante bovino favorece até a dose estimada de 266 L ha-1 e os resíduos vegetais testados sem o uso de fermento biológico favorecem a multiplicação de colêmbolos. A atividade dos organismos do solo é maior na superfície e na dose estimada de 298 L ha-1 de biofertilizante bovino e a aplicação de biofertilizante bovino apenas possibilitou indícios de aumento da macroporosidade e diminuição da microporosidade quando utilizado doses de até 268 e 293 L ha-1, respectivamente, necessitando-se de mais estudos para confirmação destes resultados.
Books on the topic "Soil macrofauna"
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Pereira, Paulo, Jorge Mataix-Solera, Xavier Úbeda, Guillermo Rein, and Artemi Cerdà, eds. Fire Effects on Soil Properties. CSIRO Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486308149.
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Wildland fires are occurring more frequently and affecting more of Earth's surface than ever before. These fires affect the properties of soils and the processes by which they form, but the nature of these impacts has not been well understood. Given that healthy soil is necessary to sustain biodiversity, ecosystems and agriculture, the impact of fire on soil is a vital field of research.
Fire Effects on Soil Properties brings together current research on the effects of fire on the physical, biological and chemical properties of soil. Written by over 60 international experts in the field, it includes examples from fire-prone areas across the world, dealing with ash, meso and macrofauna, smouldering fires, recurrent fires and management of fire-affected soils. It also describes current best practice methodologies for research and monitoring of fire effects and new methodologies for future research. This is the first time information on this topic has been presented in a single volume and the book will be an important reference for students, practitioners, managers and academics interested in the effects of fire on ecosystems, including soil scientists, geologists, forestry researchers and environmentalists.
Book chapters on the topic "Soil macrofauna"
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Groombridge, Brian. "Soil Macrofauna." In Global Biodiversity, 103–15. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2282-5_11.
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Meyer, E. "Endogeic Macrofauna." In Methods in Soil Biology, 346–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60966-4_24.
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Meyer, E. "Epigeic Macrofauna." In Methods in Soil Biology, 355–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60966-4_25.
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Chapuis-Lardy, Lydie, Renée-Claire Le Bayon, Michel Brossard, Danilo López-Hernández, and Eric Blanchart. "Role of Soil Macrofauna in Phosphorus Cycling." In Soil Biology, 199–213. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15271-9_8.
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Schulz, R., V. Mues, M. Jansen, M. Judas, and J. Saborowski. "Spatial prediction of climate, soil, and macrofauna." In Spatial Modelling in Forest Ecology and Management, 27–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56155-9_5.
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Mues, V., M. Jansen, B. Sloboda, K. Radier&, and J. Saborowski. "Spatial prediction of climate, soil, and macrofauna." In Spatial Modelling in Forest Ecology and Management, 41–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56155-9_6.
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Jansen, M., C. Eberl, and F. Reese. "Spatial prediction of climate, soil, and macrofauna." In Spatial Modelling in Forest Ecology and Management, 68–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56155-9_7.
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Yin, Xiuqin, and Yeqiao Wang. "Spatial–Temporal Distribution of Soil Macrofauna Communities: Changbai Mountain." In Landscape and Land Capacity, 321–26. Second edition. | Boca Raton: CRC Press, [2020] | Revised edition of: Encyclopedia of natural resources. [2014].: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429445552-41.
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Zagatto, Maurício Rumenos Guidetti, Luís Carlos Iuñes Oliveira Filho, Pâmela Niederauer Pompeo, Cintia Carla Niva, Dilmar Baretta, and Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira Cardoso. "Mesofauna and Macrofauna in Soil and Litter of Mixed Plantations." In Mixed Plantations of Eucalyptus and Leguminous Trees, 155–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32365-3_8.
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Lavelle, Patrick, Eleusa Barros, Eric Blanchart, George Brown, Thierry Desjardins, Lucero Mariani, and Jean-Pierre Rossi. "SOM management in the tropics: Why feeding the soil macrofauna?" In Managing Organic Matter in Tropical Soils: Scope and Limitations, 53–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2172-1_6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Soil macrofauna"
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Goncharov, A. A., T. I. Chernov, N. A. Kuznetsova, I. P. Taranets, A. K. Tkhakakhova, and M. I. Kartashov. "SPRINGTAILS PARISOTOMA NOTABIILIS (COLLEMBOLA: ISOTOMIDAE) INDICATE FAVOURABLE CONDITIONS FOR FUSARIUM SPECIES IN ARABLE SOIL: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY IN A WINTER WHEAT FIELD." In V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-11.
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The effect of the addition of detrital subsidy on the winter wheat ecosystem was evaluated. Already during the first growing season after the addition, detrital subsidy led to an increase in yield by 17% and twofold population growth of soil saprophagous macrofauna. A significant correlation (r = 0.39) between abundance of Collembola species P. notabilis and Fusarium species in soil was revealed.
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, D. P.R, Rumahorbo, Marheni Marheni, and D. Bakti. "Macrofauna Soil Diversity in Chili Plants (Capsicum Annum L.) With the Use of Organic and Inorganic Mulch." In The 3rd International Conference Community Research and Service Engagements, IC2RSE 2019, 4th December 2019, North Sumatra, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.4-12-2019.2293815.
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