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1
Luvai, Allois, John Obiero, and Christian Omuto. "Soil Loss Assessment Using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) Model." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2022 (February 15, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2122554.
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Many catchment areas have suffered from exhaustive changes because of various land use activities over the recent past. These land use changes are associated with intensified environmental degradation witnessed in catchment areas. Such environmental problems include extreme soil erosion. Soil erosion is one of the most critical problems responsible for the degradation of land worldwide. This phenomenon occurs as a result of the complex interactions that exist between natural and human-induced factors. Most factors experience spatiotemporal variations, hence complicating the soil erosion phenomenon. This complexity in the erosion process makes it difficult to quantify soil loss. Without proper information on soil loss, it becomes quite hard for decision-makers and managers to manage catchment areas. However, the availability of soil erosion models has made it easy to estimate soil loss. Many models have been developed to consider these complexities in soil erosion studies. Empirical models such as RUSLE provide a simple and broad methodology through which soil erosion is assessed. The RUSLE model integrates well geographic information system (GIS) and above all remote sensing. This paper presents an overview of the developmental milestones in estimating soil loss using the RUSLE model. The parameterization of the RUSLE model has been adequately reviewed with much emphasis on challenges and successes in derivation of each individual factor. From the review, it was established that different equations have been developed by researchers for modeling the five factors for the RUSLE model. The development of such equations was found to take into account the different variations that depict the soil erosion process.
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Xu, Gang, Mengyu Yue, Jiawei Song, and Xiaobing Chen. "Development of soil phosphorus storage capacity for phosphorus retention/release assessment in neutral or alkaline soils." Plant, Soil and Environment 68, No. 3 (March 16, 2022): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/482/2021-pse.
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The concept of the soil phosphorus storage capacity (SPSC) was successfully used to evaluate the phosphorus (P) loss risk and the P retention capacity of acidic soil. This study extended the concept of SPSC from acidic soil to neutral or alkaline soil. A total of 95 surfaces (0–10 cm) soil samples were collected from the Yellow River Delta (YRD) for use in this study. Batch sorption experiments, correlation analysis, stepwise regression, and a split-line model were used to calculate the threshold value of the degree of P saturation (DPS). The SPSC was developed based on the DPS threshold value. Based on a DPS threshold value of 11.5%, we developed the following equation for calculating the SPSC: SPSC = (11.5% – soil DPS) × (0.113 × SOM (soil organic matter) + 1.343 × CaCO<sub>3</sub>). In the continuous system in this watershed, from wetland to farmland, the SPSC for vegetable fields (−94.7 ± 79.1 mg/kg) was lowest and that of the restored wetland (76.3 ± 26.1 mg/kg) was the highest. Along the transition zone in the YRD, both the natural soil development and human alternations significantly affected the soil P loss/retention capacity. In terms of P storage, the restored wetlands are the highlands for P retention and the vegetable fields contribute significantly to the P loss in the YRD. As a result, we strongly recommend that the restored wetlands be fully utilised for P retention and that P fertiliser no longer be applied to the vegetable fields to prevent P loss into the watershed.
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Naumova, Ksenia, Elena Stanis, Elena Latushkina, and Nikolai Buldovich. "Assessment of agricultural land loss due to mining in Moscow region." E3S Web of Conferences 265 (2021): 03013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126503013.
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The study discusses the impact of open cuts for the extraction of common minerals on soil resources and agricultural lands in Moscow region (MR). For this, the features of soil cover in Moscow region and the distribution of soil types by their use as agricultural resources were analyzed. Further, it was determined which types of soils are subject to varying degrees of open cut load. As a result, a schematic map of the soil cover with open cut load zones was made. It is shown which agricultural lands exposed to open cuts of varying intensity. A conclusion is made about the types of soil cover, which accounts for the greatest and least open cut load, as well as the degree of impact of open cuts on agricultural land resources and the correlation between the degree of open cut load and type of agricultural land use. It is shown that the most fertile soils, which occupy only 2.9% of the MR area, are not affected by the open cut load at all. The greatest open cut load is associated with agricultural lands, represented mainly by various sod-podzolic soils, which occupy 70.5% of the territory of the Moscow region. If economic trends and population growth rates in the Moscow region continue until 2030, we should expect a further increase in the influence of open cut load on agricultural land towards its intensification.
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Elbasiouny, Heba, Fathy Elbehiry, Hassan El-Ramady, and Eric C. Brevik. "Phosphorus Availability and Potential Environmental Risk Assessment in Alkaline Soils." Agriculture 10, no. 5 (May 14, 2020): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10050172.
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Soil phosphorus (P) is an essential element that is often limiting in ecosystems. Excessive use of P fertilizers has led to P loss from soil and introduction into the environment. However, the behavior and potential risk assessment of P in alkaline soils is not well studied. Therefore, soil sampling was performed in alkaline soils in the northern Nile Delta, Egypt. Three analytical procedures (i.e., Mehlich 3 (PM3), Olsen (POlsen), and Bray 1 (PBray) solutions) were used to evaluate P availability and potential environmental risk from P loss. Selected soil properties were determined using standard methods. Mean values of P extracted were in the order PM3 > Polsen > PBray, and were significantly correlated with each other. The PM3 was the highest in silt clay loam and lowest in sandy and loamy soils. To predict potential P loss from the soils, degree of P saturation (DPS), soil P storage capacity (SPSC), and P stability ratio (Psat) were calculated. Results showed the highest DPS was recorded in sandy textured soils, indicating that they have lower sorption capacity, whereas the SPSC was highest in silt clay textures; hence, it is likely they would act as a P sink. Psat was highest in sandy soils, which indicated a high risk for P leaching. Principal component analysis (PCA) performed on the data identified four principal components that described 83.8% of the variation between P and the studied soil parameters. The results indicated that silt was the critical soil characteristic associated with both P sorption and extractability in different textures of soil. The second component confirmed the positive association between the different soil P extraction methods (PM3, POlsen, and PBray).
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Materu, S. T. "Assessment of Improved Ladder Terraces in Controlling Soil Erosion on Uluguru Mountains-Tanzania." Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 7 (June 8, 2016): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n7p69.
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<p>This study assesses effectiveness of improved ladder terraces in controlling soil erosion on steep slopes of Uluguru Mountains in Morogoro Region, where runoff collection tanks were located downstream of the divisor system were all runoff from the catchment upstream where improved ladder terraces were located. The soil properties percentage weight for sand, silt and clay were average 40, 10 and 50 respectively. Half of the terraces were left barely and half were planted with maize crop. Runoff and soil loss generated during every rainstorm was collected from six field plots of improved ladder terraces to the tanks. There was statistically significant different between reductions of soil loss in bare improved ladder terrace and cropped improved ladder terrace. The amount of runoff on the bare soil was high by 15% to 18% compare to runoff on cropped soils. It was found that cropped improved ladder terrace reduced soil loss by 74% while bare improved ladder terrace reduced soil loss only by 41%. Simple linear regression shows runoff water generated from rainfall amount with soil losses from different land cover. Bare soils behave with linear relationship (r² = 0.85) unlike cropped soil were r² = 0.36 because of gradual increase of crop canopy at every crop stage hence less impact to the soil. Soils losses from the bare soil ladder terrace and that of cropped soil ladder terrace was significantly difference with correlation coefficient of 0.863 at vegetative stage and 0.928 at the full booting stage.</p>
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Risse, L. M., M. A. Nearing, J. M. Laflen, and A. D. Nicks. "Error Assessment in the Universal Soil Loss Equation." Soil Science Society of America Journal 57, no. 3 (May 1993): 825–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1993.03615995005700030032x.
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Dari, Biswanath, Vimala D. Nair, and Willie G. Harris. "Parameters for Site-Specific Soil Phosphorus Loss Modeling from Soil Test Data." EDIS 2017, no. 2 (May 9, 2017): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-ss656-2017.
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This 4-page fact sheet is part of the Soil Phosphorus Storage Capacity (SPSC) for Phosphorus Risk Assessment and Management series. This series is intended for use by those who are interested in management practices and policies that minimize the risk of phosphorus loss from soils. Written by Biswanath Dari, Vimala D. Nair, and Willie G. Harris and published by the Department of Soil and Water Sciences, February 2017. SL442/SS656: Parameters for Site-Specific Soil Phosphorus Loss Modeling from Soil Test Data (ufl.edu)
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Kadam, Ajaykumar, B. N. Umrikar, and R. N. Sankhua. "Assessment of Soil Loss using Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE): A Remote Sensing and GIS Approach." Remote Sensing of Land 2, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21523/gcj1.18020105.
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A comprehensive methodology that combines Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), Remote Sensing data and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques was used to determine the soil loss vulnerability of an agriculture mountainous watershed in Maharashtra, India. The spatial variation in rate of annual soil loss was obtained by integrating raster derived parameter in GIS environment. The thematic layers such as TRMM [Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission] derived rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), GDEM based slope length and steepness (LS), land cover management (C) and factors of conservation practices (P) were calculated to identify their effects on average annual soil loss. The highest potential of estimated soil loss was 688.397 t/ha/yr. The mean annual soil loss is 1.26 t/ha/yr and highest soil loss occurs on the main watercourse, since high slope length and steepness. The spatial soil loss maps prepared with RUSLE method using remote sensing and GIS can be helpful as a lead idea in arising plans for land use development and administration in the ecologically sensitive hilly areas.
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Kozlovsky Dufková, Jana, Vladan Jareš, and Petr Húsek. "Determination of wind erosion intensity on heavy clay soils." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 58, no. 2 (2010): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201058020155.
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Wind erosion, common problem of light-textured soils, was determined on heavy clay soils in the foothills of Bílé Karpaty Mountains, Czech Republic. Soil erodibility by wind was determined from the Map of potential erodibility of soil by wind and from the calculation of potential and real soil loss by wind. All the determinations show underestimation of soil erodibility by wind on heavy clay soils, because methods that are used for this are based above all on the assessment of clay particles content and the presumption the more clay particles soil contains, the less vulnerable to wind erosion is. The potential erodibility of soil by wind is 0,09 t . ha−1 per year. The determined value does not exceed the tolerable soil loss limit 10 t . ha−1 per year for deep soils. The real average erodibility of soil by wind has the highest value 1,47 g . m−2 on November 30th, 2008. Other soil losses that do not exceed the tolerable soil loss limit 1,4 g . m−2, were determined on March 18th and 28th, 2008. Big difficulties come with the assessment of the erodibility of heavy clay soils in the areas, where soil erosion verifiably exists, but it is not assessable by objective calculating methods. Evident necessity of new knowledge concerning the determination of wind erosion intensity follows from the results.
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Gachene, C. K. K., H. Linner, J. N. Jarvis, and J. P. Mbuvi. "Field Assessment of the Effect of Cumulative Soil Loss on Soil Productivity." East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal 67, no. 1-2 (July 2001): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00128325.2001.11663345.
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Wang, Guangxing, George Gertner, Xianzhong Liu, and Alan Anderson. "Uncertainty assessment of soil erodibility factor for revised universal soil loss equation." CATENA 46, no. 1 (November 2001): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0341-8162(01)00158-8.
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A.H, Johari, Law P.L., Taib S.N.L., and Yong L.K. "ASSESSMENT OF SOIL EROSION BY SIMULATING RAINFALL ON AN EQUATORIAL ORGANIC SOIL." Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology 8, no. 2 (October 5, 2017): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcest.440.2017.
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Soil erosion occurs on construction sites partly due to site clearing that exposes the land to the erosive power of rainfall. A proposed construction project requires the submission of an Environmental Impact Assessment EIA) to assess the impact of the project on the environment. Assessment of soil erosion is included in the EIA, but the equation to estimate soil erosion known as the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) is only applicable to a soil containing up to four percent organic matter. This limitation of USLE requires an alternative that can predict soil erosion on an organic soil. This study attempts to assess erosion that occurs on an organic soil by simulated rainfall. Field soil samples were reconstructed into three shapes and exposed to simulated rainfall. Results indicate that the amount of organic soil loss decreases with increasing duration of rainfall. Particle size distribution shows that particles with sizes finer than coarse sand (1.7 mm) remained on the slopes. Equations were developed from the graphs of soil loss versus duration of simulated rainfall to estimate soil loss occurring on slopes covered by an organic soil. The outcome of this study can be a precursor to developing an equation to estimate soil erodibility of a slope overlain by an organic soil.
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Thuy, Hoang Thu, and Giha Lee. "Soil Loss Vulnerability Assessment in the Mekong River Basin." Journal of the Korean Geoenvironmental Society 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14481/jkges.2017.18.1.37.
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Conforti, Massimo, Gabriele Buttafuoco, Valeria Rago, Pietro P. C. Aucelli, Gaetano Robustelli, and Fabio Scarciglia. "Soil loss assessment in the Turbolo catchment (Calabria, Italy)." Journal of Maps 12, no. 5 (August 25, 2015): 815–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2015.1077168.
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Huang, Xiaohui, Lili Wang, and Qian Lu. "Vulnerability Assessment of Soil and Water Loss in Loess Plateau and Its Impact on Farmers’ Soil and Water Conservation Adaptive Behavior." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (December 14, 2018): 4773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124773.
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Analyzing vulnerability and adaptation to soil and water loss is an important part of the study on the human–environment relationship in the Loess Plateau. It has also provided a new perspective for studying the farmers’ adoption behavior of soil and water conservation technology in the soil erosion area of the Loess Plateau. Based on the Turner vulnerability framework, this paper constructs a household-scale index system of soil and water loss vulnerability in the Loess Plateau and evaluates the soil and water loss vulnerability in the Loess Plateau using the field survey data of the Loess Plateau applied entropy method. Finally, we use the binary logistic model to estimate the impact mechanism of farmers’ soil erosion vulnerability on farmers’ adoption behavior of soil and water conservation technology. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) In the total sample, susceptibility > exposure > adaptability, whereas in the Shaanxi and Gansu subsample, susceptibility > adaptability > exposure. The Ningxia subsample was similar to the total sample. For each index, Ningxia > Gansu > Shaanxi; (2) The exposure and susceptibility of soil and water loss have a positive impact on farmers’ adoption behavior of soil and water conservation technology, and natural capital has a positive impact on farmers’ adoption behavior of soil and water conservation technology. Physical capital has a positive impact on farmers’ adoption behavior of biological measures. Financial capital has a negative impact on farmers’ adoption behavior of biological measures and farming measures. Social capital has a positive impact on farmers’ adoption behavior of engineering measures and biological measures; (3) Overall, the marginal effect of the adoption behavior of farmers’ soil and water conservation techniques, adaptability > susceptibility > exposure. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of soil and water loss, encourage the government and farmers to respond in time, and reduce the losses caused by soil erosion. Enriching the capital endowment of farmers, breaking through the endowment restriction of farmers’ adoption of soil and water conservation technology.
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Yin, Shuiqing, Zhengyuan Zhu, Li Wang, Baoyuan Liu, Yun Xie, Guannan Wang, and Yishan Li. "Regional soil erosion assessment based on a sample survey and geostatistics." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, no. 3 (March 8, 2018): 1695–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1695-2018.
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Abstract. Soil erosion is one of the most significant environmental problems in China. From 2010 to 2012, the fourth national census for soil erosion sampled 32 364 PSUs (Primary Sampling Units, small watersheds) with the areas of 0.2–3 km2. Land use and soil erosion controlling factors including rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, slope length, slope steepness, biological practice, engineering practice, and tillage practice for the PSUs were surveyed, and the soil loss rate for each land use in the PSUs was estimated using an empirical model, the Chinese Soil Loss Equation (CSLE). Though the information collected from the sample units can be aggregated to estimate soil erosion conditions on a large scale; the problem of estimating soil erosion condition on a regional scale has not been addressed well. The aim of this study is to introduce a new model-based regional soil erosion assessment method combining a sample survey and geostatistics. We compared seven spatial interpolation models based on the bivariate penalized spline over triangulation (BPST) method to generate a regional soil erosion assessment from the PSUs. Shaanxi Province (3116 PSUs) in China was selected for the comparison and assessment as it is one of the areas with the most serious erosion problem. Ten-fold cross-validation based on the PSU data showed the model assisted by the land use, rainfall erosivity factor (R), soil erodibility factor (K), slope steepness factor (S), and slope length factor (L) derived from a 1 : 10 000 topography map is the best one, with the model efficiency coefficient (ME) being 0.75 and the MSE being 55.8 % of that for the model assisted by the land use alone. Among four erosion factors as the covariates, the S factor contributed the most information, followed by K and L factors, and R factor made almost no contribution to the spatial estimation of soil loss. The LS factor derived from 30 or 90 m Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (DEM) data worsened the estimation when used as the covariates for the interpolation of soil loss. Due to the unavailability of a 1 : 10 000 topography map for the entire area in this study, the model assisted by the land use, R, and K factors, with a resolution of 250 m, was used to generate the regional assessment of the soil erosion for Shaanxi Province. It demonstrated that 54.3 % of total land in Shaanxi Province had annual soil loss equal to or greater than 5 t ha−1 yr−1. High (20–40 t ha−1 yr−1), severe (40–80 t ha−1 yr−1), and extreme (> 80 t ha−1 yr−1) erosion occupied 14.0 % of the total land. The dry land and irrigated land, forest, shrubland, and grassland in Shaanxi Province had mean soil loss rates of 21.77, 3.51, 10.00, and 7.27 t ha−1 yr−1, respectively. Annual soil loss was about 207.3 Mt in Shaanxi Province, with 68.9 % of soil loss originating from the farmlands and grasslands in Yan'an and Yulin districts in the northern Loess Plateau region and Ankang and Hanzhong districts in the southern Qingba mountainous region. This methodology provides a more accurate regional soil erosion assessment and can help policymakers to take effective measures to mediate soil erosion risks.
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Valkanou, Kanella, Efthimios Karymbalis, George Bathrellos, Hariklia Skilodimou, Konstantinos Tsanakas, Dimitris Papanastassiou, and Kalliopi Gaki-Papanastassiou. "Soil Loss Potential Assessment for Natural and Post-Fire Conditions in Evia Island, Greece." Geosciences 12, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12100367.
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A devastating forest fire in August 2021 burned about 517 km2 of the northern part of Evia Island, affecting vegetation, soil properties, sediment delivery and the hydrological response of the catchments. This study focuses on the estimation of the annual soil loss in the study area under natural (pre-fire) and post-fire conditions. The assessment of the soil loss potential was conducted with the application of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), which is an empirical equation and an efficient way to predict soil loss. The USLE factors include rainfall erosivity (R), soil erodibility (K), the slope and slope length factor (LS), the cover management factor (C) and the erosion control practice factor (P). The USLE quantified the annual soil erosion (in t/ha/year) for both pre- and post-wildfire conditions, and the study area has been classified into various soil loss categories and soil erosion intensity types. The results showed that the annual soil loss before the forest fires ranged from 0 to 1747 t/ha, with a mean value of 253 t/ha, while after the fire the soil loss significantly increased (the highest annual soil loss was estimated at 3255 t/ha and the mean value was 543 t/ha). These values demonstrate a significant post-fire change in mean annual soil loss that corresponds to an increase of 114% compared to the pre-fire natural condition. The area that is undergoing high erosion rates after the extreme wildfire event increased by approximately 7%, while the area of moderate rates increased by 2%. The calculated maximum potential of soil erosion, before and after the 2021 extreme wildfire event, has been visualized on spatial distribution maps of the average annual soil loss for the study area. The present study underlines the significant post-fire increase in soil loss as part of the identification of the more vulnerable to erosion areas that demand higher priority regarding the protective/control measures.
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Steinmetz, Alice Alonzo, Felício Cassalho, Tamara Leitzke Caldeira, Vinícius Augusto de Oliveira, Samuel Beskow, and Luis Carlos Timm. "Assessment of soil loss vulnerability in data-scarce watersheds in southern Brazil." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 42, no. 6 (December 2018): 575–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542018426022818.
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ABSTRACT Soil erosion is currently one of the main concerns in agriculture, water resources, soil management and natural hazards studies, mainly due to its economic, environmental and human impacts. This concern is accentuated in developing countries where the hydrological monitoring and proper soil surveys are scarce. Therefore, the use of indirect estimates of soil loss by means of empirical equations stands out. In this context, the present study proposed the assessment of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) with the aid of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing for two agricultural watersheds in southern Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil. Among all RUSLE factors, LS showed the closest patterns to the local when compared to the total annual soil loss, thus being a good indicator t of risk areas. The total annual soil loss varied from 0 to more than 100 t ha-1 yr-1, with the vast majority (about 65% of the total area) classified from slight to moderate rates of soil loss. The results estimated according to RUSLE indicated that over 10% of the study area presented very high to extremely high soil loss rates, thus requiring immediate soil conservation practices. The present study stands out as an important scientific and technical support for practitioners and decision-makers, being probably the first of its nature applied to extreme southern Brazil.
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Watene, George, Lijun Yu, Yueping Nie, Jianfeng Zhu, Thomas Ngigi, Jean de Dieu Nambajimana, and Benson Kenduiywo. "Water Erosion Risk Assessment in the Kenya Great Rift Valley Region." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 16, 2021): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020844.
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The Kenya Great Rift Valley (KGRV) region unique landscape comprises of mountainous terrain, large valley-floor lakes, and agricultural lands bordered by extensive Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASALs). The East Africa (EA) region has received high amounts of rainfall in the recent past as evidenced by the rising lake levels in the GRV lakes. In Kenya, few studies have quantified soil loss at national scales and erosion rates information on these GRV lakes’ regional basins within the ASALs is lacking. This study used the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model to estimate soil erosion rates between 1990 and 2015 in the Great Rift Valley region of Kenya which is approximately 84.5% ASAL. The mean erosion rates for both periods was estimated to be tolerable (6.26 t ha−1 yr−1 and 7.14 t ha−1 yr−1 in 1990 and 2015 respectively) resulting in total soil loss of 116 Mt yr−1 and 132 Mt yr−1 in 1990 and 2015 respectively. Approximately 83% and 81% of the erosive lands in KGRV fell under the low risk category (<10 t ha−1 yr−1) in 1990 and 2015 respectively while about 10% were classified under the top three conservation priority levels in 2015. Lake Nakuru basin had the highest erosion rate net change (4.19 t ha−1 yr−1) among the GRV lake basins with Lake Bogoria-Baringo recording annual soil loss rates >10 t ha−1 yr−1 in both years. The mountainous central parts of the KGRV with Andosol/Nitisols soils and high rainfall experienced a large change of land uses to croplands thus had highest soil loss net change (4.34 t ha−1 yr−1). In both years, forests recorded the lowest annual soil loss rates (<3.0 t ha−1 yr−1) while most of the ASAL districts presented erosion rates (<8 t ha−1 yr−1). Only 34% of all the protected areas were found to have erosion rates <10 t ha−1 yr−1 highlighting the need for effective anti-erosive measures.
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Luo, Banglin, Zhen Han, Jing Yang, and Qing Wang. "Assessment of Erosion Characteristics in Purple and Yellow Soils Using Simulated Rainfall Experiments." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010357.
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Soil erosion of sloped lands is one of the important sources of substantive sediments in watersheds. In order to investigate erosion characteristics of sloped lands during rainfall events in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, erosion processes of purple and yellow soils under different slope gradients and rainfall intensities were studied by using a rainfall simulator. The results showed that the sediment concentration in runoff was closely correlated with rainfall intensity. The sediment concentration in runoff gradually rose to a peak with time, and then gradually declined and approach a steady rate during simulation rainfall events. The particle size distribution of surface soils before the rainfall was different from that after the rainfall. Soil erosion mainly resulted in the loss of fine particles of surface soil through runoff, and the fine particles of soil were enriched in sediments. Soil erosion rates were gradually increased with the slope gradient when the slope gradient was less than 10°, and significantly increased when the slope gradient was more than 10°. The slope factor of yellow soil could be fitted well to that calculated by the formula of Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). The trend of the slope factor of purple soil was similar to that of the slope factor that was derived from USLE. Therefore, the effect of slope gradients on soil erosion need to be further researched when USLE was applied to predict erosion in purple soil area.
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Chen, Guokun, Zengxiang Zhang, Qiankun Guo, Xiao Wang, and Qingke Wen. "Quantitative Assessment of Soil Erosion Based on CSLE and the 2010 National Soil Erosion Survey at Regional Scale in Yunnan Province of China." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (June 12, 2019): 3252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123252.
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Regional soil loss assessment is the critical method of incorporating soil erosion into decision-making associated with land resources management and soil conservation planning. However, data availability has limited its application for mountainous areas. To obtain a clear understanding of soil erosion in Yunnan, a pixel-based estimation was employed to quantify soil erosion rate and the benefits of soil conservation measures based on Chinese Soil Loss Equation (CSLE) and data collected in the national soil erosion survey. Results showed that 38.77% of the land was being eroded at an erosion rate higher than the soil loss tolerance, the average soil erosion rate was found to be 12.46 t∙ha−1∙yr−1, resulting in a total soil loss of 0.47 Gt annually. Higher erosion rates mostly occurred in the downstream areas of the major rivers as compared to upstream areas, especially for the southwest agricultural regions. Rain-fed cropland suffered the most severe soil erosion, with a mean erosion rate of 47.69 t∙ha−1∙yr−1 and an erosion ratio of 64.24%. Lands with a permanent cover (forest, shrub, and grassland) were mostly characterized by erosion rates an order of magnitude lower than those from rain-fed cropland, except for erosion from sparse woods, which was noticeable and should not be underestimated. Soil loss from arable land, woodland and grassland accounted for 52.24%, 35.65% and 11.71% of the total soil loss, respectively. We also found significant regional differences in erosion rates and a close relationship between erosion and soil conservation measures adopted. The CSLE estimates did not compare well with qualitative estimates from the National Soil Erosion Database of China (NSED-C) and only 47.77% of the territory fell within the same erosion intensity for the two approaches. However, the CSLE estimates were consistent with the results from a national survey and local assessments under experimental plots. By advocating of soil conservation measures and converting slope cropland into grass/forest and terraced field, policy interventions during 2006–2010 have reduced soil erosion on rain-fed cropland by 20% in soil erosion rate and 32% in total soil loss compared to the local assessments. The quantitative CSLE method provides a reliable estimation, due to the consideration of erosion control measures and is potentially transferable to other mountainous areas as a robust approach for rapid assessment of sheet and rill erosion.
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Cai, Mengfan, Chunjiang An, Christophe Guy, and Chen Lu. "Assessment of Soil and Water Conservation Practices in the Loess Hilly Region Using a Coupled Rainfall-Runoff-Erosion Model." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (January 27, 2020): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030934.
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Soil and water conservation practices (SWCPs) are widely used to control soil and water loss. Quantifying the effect of SWCPs and climate change on soil and water erosion is important for regional environmental management. In this study, the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) and the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE) were employed to investigate the patterns of surface runoff and soil erosion with different SWCPs in the hilly region on the Loess Plateau of China. The impact of climate change under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios was considered from 2020 to 2050. Surface runoff grew with the increased rainfall and rainfall erosivity, while soil erosion presented large variations between years due to uneven distribution of rainfall and rainfall erosivity under two scenarios. Different SWCPs significantly reduced surface soil and water loss. Compared with bare slopes, the reduction rates were 15–40% for surface runoff and 35–67% for soil erosion under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios, respectively. The combination of shrub and horizontal terracing was recommended due to its low water cost for sediment control among seven SWCPs.
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Maqsoom, Ahsen, Bilal Aslam, Usman Hassan, Zaheer Abbas Kazmi, Mahmoud Sodangi, Rana Faisal Tufail, and Danish Farooq. "Geospatial Assessment of Soil Erosion Intensity and Sediment Yield Using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) Model." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9060356.
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Land degradation caused by soil erosion is considered among the most severe problems of the 21stcentury. It poses serious threats to soil fertility, food availability, human health, and the world ecosystem. The purpose of the study is to make a quantitative mapping of soil loss in the Chitral district, Pakistan. For the estimation of soil loss in the study area, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model was used in combination with Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS). Topographical features of the study area show that the area is more vulnerable to soil loss, having the highest average annual soil loss of 78 ton/ha/year. Maps generated in the study show that the area has the highest sediment yield of 258 tons/ha/year and higher average annual soil loss of 450 tons/ha/year. The very high severity class represents 8%, 16% under high, 21% under moderate, 12% under low, and 13% under very low soil loss in the Chitral district. The above study is helpful to researchers and planners for better planning to control the loss of soil in the high severity zones. Plantation of trees and structures should be built like check dams, which effectively control the soil erosion process.
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Mir, Sujaul Islam, Muhammad Barzani Gasim, Sahibin Abd. Rahim, and Mohd Ekhwan Toriman. "Soil loss assessment in the Tasik Chini catchment, Pahang, Malaysia." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia 56 (December 1, 2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7186/bgsm56201001.
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Park, Woo Sik, Soon Heon Hong, Chang Hwan Ahn, and Hyun Choi. "Assessment of Soil Loss in Irrigation Reservoir based on GIS." Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography 31, no. 6_1 (December 31, 2013): 439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7848/ksgpc.2013.31.6-1.439.
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Liu, Baoyuan, Yun Xie, Zhiguang Li, Yin Liang, Wenbo Zhang, Suhua Fu, Shuiqing Yin, et al. "The assessment of soil loss by water erosion in China." International Soil and Water Conservation Research 8, no. 4 (December 2020): 430–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2020.07.002.
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de Lima, João L. M. P., Lara Santos, Babar Mujtaba, and M. Isabel P. de Lima. "Laboratory assessment of the influence of rice straw mulch size on soil loss." Advances in Geosciences 48 (April 26, 2019): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-48-11-2019.
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Abstract. Application of crop residues (mulch) over the soil surface is a common practice to control soil erosion and promote infiltration. This laboratory study aimed at investigating the effect of different rice straw mulch sizes on runoff and sediment transport. The experimental runs were conducted using a soil flume of adjustable slope and a rainfall simulator, considering bare soil and three different soil covers: 1, 2 and 5 t ha−1 application rates, for three sizes of rice straw mulch (10, 30 and 200 mm). The experimental results showed that for the same mulch application rate (by weight), the smaller mulch sizes (i.e. high surface coverage percentage) presented less soil loss. For example, 90 % soil loss reduction was achieved for smaller sizes of rice straw mulch and 80 % for the bigger size. The results of this study are an important contribution to the understanding of the soil loss process in small basins and to the definition of relevant soil conservation measures, at the plot/field scale.
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Girmay, Gebrehana, Awdenegest Moges, and Alemayehu Muluneh. "Assessment of Current and Future Climate Change Impact on Soil Loss Rate of Agewmariam Watershed, Northern Ethiopia." Air, Soil and Water Research 14 (January 2021): 117862212199584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178622121995847.
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Soil erosion is 1 of the most important environmental problems that pose serious challenges to food security and the future development prospects of Ethiopia. Climate change influences soil erosion and is critical for the planning and management of soil and water resources. This study aimed to assess the current and future climate change impact on soil loss rate for the near future (2011-2040), middle future (2041-2070), and far future (2071-2100) periods relative to the reference period (1989-2018) in the Agewmariam watershed, Northern Ethiopia. The 20 models of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 global climate models (GCMs) under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 (intermediate scenario) and 8.5 (high emissions scenario) scenarios were used for climate projection. The statistical bias correction method was used to downscale GCMs. Universal Soil Loss Equation integrated with geographic information system was used to estimate soil loss. The results showed that the current average annual soil loss rate and the annual total soil loss on the study area were found to be 25 t ha−1 year−1 and 51 403.13 tons, respectively. The soil loss has increased by 3.0%, 4.7%, and 5.2% under RCP 4.5 scenarios and 6.0%, 9.52%, and 14.32% under RCP 8.5 scenarios in the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s, respectively, from the current soil loss rate. Thus, the soil loss rate is expected to increase on all future periods (the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s) under both scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) due to the higher erosive power of the future intense rainfall. Thus, climate change will exacerbate the existing soil erosion problem and would need for vigorous new conservation policies and investments to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change on soil loss.
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Lense, Guilherme Henrique Expedito, Rodrigo Santos Moreira, Taya Cristo Parreiras, Luis Felipe Pigatto Miranda Silva, Alexandre Elias de Miranda Teodoro, Derielsen Brandão Santana, Talyson Melo Bolelli, and Ronaldo Luiz Mincato. "Assessment of Soil loss Tolerance limit to Latosol, Argisol and Cambisolin the southern Minas Gerais state." Caderno de Ciências Agrárias 11 (December 1, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.35699/2447-6218.2019.15893.
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Soil Loss Tolerance (T) reflects the maximum erosion rate that still allows a sustainable level of crop production. The T limit can be used to support the conservationist land-use planning and to propose erosion mitigation measures. In this context, we aim to determine the Soil Loss Tolerance limit to different soil classes located at the Coroado Stream Subbasin, southern Minas Gerais, Brazil. The soil classes of the subbasin area was classified as Dystrophic Red Latosols - LVd (90.0%), Eutrophic Red-Yellow Argisols - PVAe (5.4%), and Dystrophic Tb Haplic Cambisols - CXbd (1.9%). The following attributes were used to determine the T limits: texture, depth, density, permeability, and organic matter. To analyzing these parameters, we collect soil samples at 18 points distributed along the subbasin area. T values ranged from 4.75 to 7.40 Mg ha-1 year-1, with the lowest limit observed for CXbd (4.75 Mg ha-1 year-1). These results indicate that the Cambisol should be prioritized in the adoption of conservation practices to reduce water erosion and to maintain soil loss levels at acceptable rates. Latosols, Argisols, and Cambisols are the most common soils in the Brazilian territory. Thus, the results provided by the work can be used as a reference to monitoring the erosion process and evaluate the sustainability of agricultural activities in Brazil.
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Sah, Kamal, and Sushil Lamichhane. "GIS and Remote Sensing Supported Soil Erosion Assessment of Kamala River Watershed, Sindhuli, Nepal." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 7, no. 1 (March 26, 2019): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v7i1.23307.
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This study analysed the situation of water-induced soil erosion in Kamala River watershed of Sindhuli, Nepal covering 23,194.33 hectares of land, extending from 85°58'11.6"E to 86°18'16.8"E longitude and 26°56'45.9"N to 27°5'44.4"N latitude. Revised universal soil loss equation was applied in GIS environment using the satellite-based data, field measurements, surveys and lab analysis. R factor predicted from the average annual precipitation. K factor based on the soil texture and organic carbon content. LS factors derived from the DEM of 20m resolution. C factor derived from the NDVI value extracted from Landsat 8 OLI imagery of the pre-monsoon season. P factor assigned according to the land cover of the study area. The study explored the massive diversity of erosion rates even within the narrow span of a landscape in the Churia range of the Himalayan foothills. As predisposed by the diversity of terrain and vegetation cover, and aggravated further by the dominance of silts in the texture of soils, soil erosion rate has been found to vary and noticeably occur in higher ranges of severity. Overall, total potential of soil loss in the watershed was 1.460 million tons/ year, out of which only 0.297 million tons of soil was estimated to be actually eroded from the watershed in the existing conditions. Conservation measures are advisable in the areas having severe soil loss. The resulting soil erosion rate map can be a guideline for developing sustainable land management strategy in the concerned and similar lower foothills of Himalayan mountain landscapes.
Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(1): 54-61
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Dapin, Indie G., and Victor B. Ella. "GIS-Based Soil Erosion Risk Assessment in the Watersheds of Bukidnon, Philippines Using the RUSLE Model." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (February 11, 2023): 3325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043325.
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The sustainability of watersheds for supplying water and for carbon sequestration and other environmental services depends to a large extent on their susceptibility to soil erosion, particularly under changing climate. This study aimed to assess the risk of soil erosion in the watersheds in Bukidnon, Philippines, determine the spatial distribution of soil loss based on recent land cover maps, and predict soil loss under various rainfall scenarios based on recently reported climate change projections. The soil erosion risk assessment and soil loss prediction made use of GIS and the RUSLE model, while the rainfall scenarios were formulated based on PAGASA’s prediction of drier years for Bukidnon in the early-future to late-future. Results showed that a general increase in soil loss was observed in 2015, over the period from 2010 to 2020, although some watershed clusters also showed a declining trend of soil erosion, particularly the Agusan-Cugman and Maridugao watershed clusters. Nearly 60% of Bukidnon has high to very severe soil loss rates. Under extreme rainfall change scenario with 12.61% less annual rainfall, the soil loss changes were only +1.37% and −2.87% in the category of none-to-slight and very severe, respectively. Results showed that a decrease in rainfall would have little effect on resolving the excessive soil erosion problem in Bukidnon. Results of this study suggest that having more vegetative land cover and employing soil conservation measures may prove to be effective in minimizing the risk of soil erosion in the watersheds. This study provides valuable information to enhance the sustainability of the watersheds. The erosion-prone areas identified will help decision-makers identify priority areas for soil conservation and environmental protection.
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Chanyal, P. C. "Applications of remote sensing and GIS for watershed characterization and soil loss assessment of tons watershed in Dehradun, Garhwal Himalaya." International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2020.1113.
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Watershed characterization is the most important part of watershed management which includes soil loss, soil loss assessment indicates the amount of soil loss or erosion in ton/hectare/ year through applying to Geospatial techniques as Remote sensing and GIS. The agricultural land is being lost by manmade as well natural whereas manmade or anthropogenic factor accelerates erosion of soil. It is a worldwide phenomenon leading to loss of decrease of water table availability for plants, increases runoff from the more impermeable subsoil, and loss of nutrients from the soil. Watershed management and assessment of soil loss are most helpful for planning and batter management in a watershed and planning units. Remote sensing and GIS along with the satellite image-based model approach provides a scientific, quantitative, and applied result. It can compute a consistent outcome of soil erosion and sediment yield for a wide range of areas under all climatic circumstances. Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) apply to soil loss, which is integrated with Remote Sensing and GIS in Tons watershed lies between 77°56’05” E to 78°01’01” East longitude and 30° 21’05” N to 30°26’51” North latitude, having 97.02 km2 area (9,702 hectares) under the sub-tropical climatic region of Uttarakhand. The present case study based on computational with software and geospatial technologies results come i.e. A = is the computed soil loss per unit area, R = is the rainfall erosivity, K = is the soil erodibility factor, L = is the slope-length factor, C = is the cover and management factor, P = is the support practice factor. The rainfall erosivity (R=87.5 + 0.375 × R), C P is under range 0.006-0.8, Soil Erosion Risk range is slight to High 51.40% and 0.85% total area of the study region. Average annual soil loss ton/ha/year indicated in different land-use classification as lowest soil loss found in River bed (0.17 ton/ha/year) and highest shown in the open forest (56.58 ton/ha/year) in 2016. The study area comes under a low probability zone and partially comes under a moderate and moderate-high zone. The case study can be highly recommended and will help to implementation of management of soil loss and soil conservation practice in the Tons watershed as well as Himalayan regions. Keywords: RUSLE, Tons Watershed, Soil Loss, Remote Sensing & GIS, Garhwal Himalaya.
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AlAyyash, Saad M. "Assessment of Soil Loss Rates in Asreh Watershed (North Jordan Badia) Using RUSLE and GIS." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 12, no. 1 (2021): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2021.12.1.1311.
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In arid lands, rainwater harvesting can play an important role in making more water available since most of the rainfall runoff evaporates. If rainwater can be collected, it will form a useful resource. Jordan is classified as one of the poorest countries regarding water resources with an arid and semi-arid climate. For these limited and vital sources of water, good estimation of rainfall runoff quantity and quality can enhance the sustainability of water harvesting projects. The hydrologic estimations of runoff quantities and qualities are essential, and several techniques to achieve that exist. Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) is one of the widely used techniques to assess the soil erosion due to runoff, by assessing other physical factors that affect the soil loss. RUSLE combined five parameters to identify the soil loss rate: rainfall erosivity, topographic, soil erodibility, vegetation cover and management, and land management. Based on RUSLE results, areas are classified as a highly soil loss rate if the annual rates exceeded 20 tons per hectare. The Asreh watershed is a 196 km2 area that is mostly wasted land and receives an annual rainfall between 50 and 300 mm per year. The RUSLE equation inputs parameters for the study area are found and the equation is applied for the watershed. Results of RUSLE application on the Asreh watershed showed that the average annual soil loss rate is about 7.8 tons per hectare, about 73% of the area are classified as low soil loss rate with less than 10 tons per hectare per year, and only 13% of the area is classified as a high soil loss rate of more than 20 tons per hectare per year.
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Suleymanov, Ruslan, Azamat Suleymanov, Gleb Zaitsev, Ilgiza Adelmurzina, Gulnaz Galiakhmetova, Evgeny Abakumov, and Ruslan Shagaliev. "Assessment and Spatial Modelling of Agrochernozem Properties for Reclamation Measurements." Applied Sciences 13, no. 9 (April 22, 2023): 5249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13095249.
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Traditional land-use systems can be modified under the conditions of climate change. Higher air temperatures and loss of productive soil moisture lead to reduced crop yields. Irrigation is a possible solution to these problems. However, intense irrigation may have contributed to land degradation. This research assessed the ameliorative potential of soil and produced large-scale digital maps of soil properties for arable plot planning for the construction and operation of irrigation systems. Our research was carried out in the southern forest–steppe zone (Southern Ural, Russia). The soil cover of the site is represented by agrochernozem soils (Luvic Chernozem). We examined the morphological, physicochemical and agrochemical properties of the soil, as well as its heavy metal contents. The random forest (RF) non-linear approach was used to estimate the spatial distribution of the properties and produce maps. We found that soils were characterized by high organic carbon content (SOC) and neutral acidity and were well supplied with nitrogen and potassium concentrations. The agrochernozem was characterized by favorable water–physical properties and showed good values for water infiltration and moisture categories. The contents of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury, cobalt, zinc and copper) did not exceed permissible levels. The soil quality rating interpretation confirms that these soils have high potential fertility and are convenient for irrigation activities. The spatial distribution of soil properties according to the generated maps were not homogeneous. The results showed that remote sensing covariates were the most critical variables in explaining soil properties variability. Our findings may be useful for developing reclamation strategies for similar soils that can restore soil health and improve crop productivity.
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Adugna, A., A. Abegaz, and A. Cerdà. "Soil erosion assessment and control in Northeast Wollega, Ethiopia." Solid Earth Discussions 7, no. 4 (December 7, 2015): 3511–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-7-3511-2015.
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Abstract. Soil erosion is the main driver of land degradation in Ethiopia, and in the whole region of East Africa. This study was conducted at the Northeast Wollega in West Ethiopia to estimate the soil losses by means of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). The purpose of this paper is to identify erosion spot areas and target locations for appropriate development of soil and water conservation measures. Fieldwork and household survey were conducted to identify major determinants of soil erosion control. Six principal factors were used to calculate soil loss per year, such as rainfallerosivity, soil erodiblity, slope length, slope steepness, crop management and erosion-control practices. The soil losses have shown spatio-temporal variations that range from 4.5 Mg ha-1 yr-1 in forest to 65.9 Mg ha-1 yr-1 in cropland. Results from the analysis of stepwise multiple linear regression show that sustainable soil erosion control are determined byknowledge of farmers about soil conservation, land tenure security and off-farm income at community level. Thus, policy aim at keeping land productivity will need to focus on terracing, inter-cropping and improved agro-forestry practices.
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Langovic, Marko, Slavoljub Dragicevic, Ivan Novkovic, Nenad Zivkovic, Radislav Tosic, Boban Milojkovic, and Zoran Cvorovic. "Assessment of the soil loss caused by riverbank erosion in Serbia." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 101, no. 1 (2021): 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd2101031l.
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Riverbank erosion and lateral channel migration are important geomorphological processes which cause various landscape, socio-economic, and environmental consequences. Although those processes are present on the territory of Serbia, there is no available data about the soil loss caused by riverbank erosion for the entire country. In this study, the spatial and temporal dynamics of the riverbank erosion for the largest internal rivers in Serbia (Velika Morava, Zapadna Morava, Juzna Morava, Pek, Mlava, Veliki Timok, Kolubara) was assessed using remote sensing and GIS. The aim of this paper is to determine the total and average soil loss over large-scale periods (1923-2020), comparing data from the available sources (aerial photographs, satellite images, and different scale paper maps). Results indicated that lateral migration caused significant problems through land loss (approximately 2,561 ha), especially arable land, and land use changes in river basins, but also economic loss due to the reduction of agricultural production. Total and average soil loss was calculated for five most representative meanders on all studied rivers, and on the basis of the obtained values, certain regularities about further development and dynamics of riverbank movement are presented. A better understanding of river channel migration in this area will be of a great importance for practical issues such as predicting channel migration rates for river engineering and planning purposes, soil and water management and land use changes, environment protection.
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TRYDEMAN KNUDSEN, MARIE, IB SILLEBAK KRISTENSEN, JØRGEN BERNTSEN, BJØRN MOLT PETERSEN, and ERIK STEEN KRISTENSEN. "Estimated N leaching losses for organic and conventional farming in Denmark." Journal of Agricultural Science 144, no. 2 (February 10, 2006): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859605005812.
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The impact of organic, compared with conventional, farming practices on N leaching loss was studied for Danish mixed dairy and arable farms using an N balance approach based on representative data. On mixed dairy farms, a simple N balance method was used to estimate N surplus and N leaching loss. On arable farms, the simple N balance method was unreliable due to changes in the soil N pool. Consequently, the Farm ASSEssment Tool (FASSET) simulation model was used to estimate N surplus, N leaching loss and the changes in the soil N pool.The study found a lower N leaching loss from organic than conventional mixed dairy farms, primarily due to lower N inputs. On organic arable farms, the soil N pool increased over time but the N leaching loss was comparable with conventional arable farms. The soil N pool was increased primarily by organic farming practices and incorporation of straw. The highest increase in the soil N pool was seen on soils with a low initial level of organic matter. The N leaching loss was dependent on soil type, the use of catch crops and the level of soil organic matter, whereas incorporation of straw had a minor effect. N leaching was highest on sandy soils with a high level of soil organic matter and no catch crops. The present results stress the importance of using representative data from organic and conventional farming practices in comparative studies of N leaching loss. Lack of representative data has been a major weakness of previous comparisons on N leaching losses on organic and conventional farms.
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Mineo, Claudio, Elena Ridolfi, Benedetta Moccia, Fabio Russo, and Francesco Napolitano. "Assessment of Rainfall Kinetic-Energy–Intensity Relationships." Water 11, no. 10 (September 25, 2019): 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11101994.
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Raindrop-impact-induced erosion starts when detachment of soil particles from the surface results from an expenditure of raindrop energy. Hence, rain kinetic energy is a widely used indicator of the potential ability of rain to detach soil. Although it is widely recognized that knowledge of rain kinetic energy plays a fundamental role in soil erosion studies, its direct evaluation is not straightforward. Commonly, this issue is overcome through indirect estimation using another widely measured hydrological variable, namely, rainfall intensity. However, it has been challenging to establish the best expression to relate kinetic energy to rainfall intensity. In this study, first, kinetic energy values were determined from measurements of an optical disdrometer. Measured kinetic energy values were then used to assess the applicability of the rainfall intensity relationship proposed for central Italy and those used in the major equations employed to estimate the mean annual soil loss, that is, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and its two revised versions (RUSLE and RUSLE2). Then, a new theoretical relationship was developed and its performance was compared with equations found in the literature.
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Samela, Caterina, Vito Imbrenda, Rosa Coluzzi, Letizia Pace, Tiziana Simoniello, and Maria Lanfredi. "Multi-Decadal Assessment of Soil Loss in a Mediterranean Region Characterized by Contrasting Local Climates." Land 11, no. 7 (July 2, 2022): 1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11071010.
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Soil erosion is one of the most widespread soil degradation phenomena worldwide. Mediterranean landscapes, due to some peculiar characteristics, such as fragility of soils, steep slopes, and rainfall distribution during the year, are particularly subject to this phenomenon, with severe and complex issues for agricultural production and biodiversity protection. In this paper, we present a diachronic approach to the analysis of soil loss, which aims to account for climate variability and land cover dynamics by using remote data about rainfall and land cover to guarantee sufficient observational continuity. The study area (Basilicata, Southern Italy) is characterized by different local climates and ecosystems (temperate, Csa and Csb; arid steppic, Bsk; and cold, Dsb and Dsc), and is particularly suited to represent the biogeographical complexity of the Mediterranean Italy. The well-known Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was applied by integrating information from remote sensing to carry out decadal assessments (1994, 2004, 2014, and 2021) of the annual soil loss. Changes in the rainfall regime and vegetation cover activity were derived from CHIRPS and Landsat data, respectively, to obtain updated information useful for dynamical studies. For the analyzed region, soil loss shows a slight reduction (albeit always remarkable) over the whole period, and distinct spatial patterns between lowland Bsk and Mediterranean mountain Dsb and Dsc climate areas. The most alarming fact is that most of the study area showed soil erosion rates in 2021 greater than 11 t/ha*y, which is considered by the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) the threshold for identifying severe erosion phenomena. A final comparison with local studies shows, on average, differences of about 5 t ha−1 y−1 (minimum 2.5 and maximum 7) with respect to the local estimates obtained with the RUSLE model. The assessment at a regional scale provided an average 9.5% of soil loss difference for the arable lands and about 10% for all cultivated areas. The spatial-temporal patterns enhance the relevance of using the cover management factor C derived from satellite data rather than land cover maps, as remote observations are able to highlight the heterogeneity in vegetation density within the same vegetation cover class, which is particularly relevant for agricultural areas. For mountain areas, the adoption of a satellite-gridded rainfall dataset allowed the detection of erosion rate fluctuations due to rainfall variability, also in the case of sparse or absent ground pluviometric stations. The use of remote data represents a precious added value to obtain a dynamic picture of the spatial-temporal variability of soil loss and new insights into the sustainability of soil use in a region whose economy is mostly based on agriculture and the exploitation of natural resources.
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Bramley, R. G. V., C. H. Roth, and A. W. Wood. "Risk assessment of phosphorus loss from sugarcane soils — A tool to promote improved management of P fertiliser." Soil Research 41, no. 4 (2003): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr02099.
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Current strategies for phosphorus (P) fertiliser management in the Australian sugar industry do not account for the differences between different soils in their ability to sorb and release P. However, the off-site export of P from land under sugarcane has been shown to be a major factor contributing to elevated concentrations of P in stream waters draining catchments dominated by sugarcane production. This paper presents the results of a study conducted in the lower part of the catchment of the Herbert River, north Queensland, a major sugarcane growing region. Our approach was to combine a knowledge of P sorption by soil and riverine sediments with an assessment of the risk of P loss from lower Herbert sugarcane soils and knowledge of the requirements of sugarcane for P. The results provide a basis for future P fertiliser management by canegrowers which accounts for both production and environmental imperatives. They also point to an urgent need for experimentation, based on rundown of soil P fertility, to determine critical soil test values in soils of varying P sorption, and provide a useful regional framework for the design of such experimentation.
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Gong, Hyo-Young, Kwang-Pyo Lee, Jong-Yeol Lee, Bumjoon Kim, Ahreum Lee, Bumhan Bae, and Ji-Yeon Kim. "Assessment of Soil Loss at Military Shooting Range by RUSLE Model: Correlation Between Soil Loss and Migration of Explosive Compounds." Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment 17, no. 6 (December 31, 2012): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7857/jsge.2012.17.6.119.
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Olaniyi, Akeem Olawale, and Wahab Ayatande Abioye. "Comparative assessment of soil degradation potentials of commodity crops grown in Nigeria." Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 56, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ats-2023-0003.
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Abstract Comparative assessment of land degradation potential of commodity crops grown in Jaba Local Government Areas of Kaduna State, Nigeria was investigated to provide evidence for crop-specific land management practices in the area. Soil samples collected from plots of four (maize, ginger, mango, and oil palm) main crops grown within three (Ungwan Rana; Kurmin Kwara, and Kyari) communities were analysed for relevant physico-chemical variables using standard laboratory procedures. The preliminary results of laboratory analyses showed that soils, where annual crops were grown had a higher content of sand particles, higher bulk density, pH(water), mineralization (lower carbon content), and gravimetric water content when compared to soils where permanent crops were found growing. Soils, where tree crops were growing, had a higher silt, clay, and organic matter content. Results from the erodibility factor (k) estimation indicated that ginger production in Kurmin Kwara had the greatest impact of all three sites and crops investigated with an annual soil loss of 12 kg/ha/annum. Mango production in Ugwan Rana resulted in the least impact with an estimated loss of 9 kg/ha/annum of soil to erosion. Evidence of two-way analysis of variance of land degradation (erodibility) data at a 95% confidence level in SPSS version 21 indicated that the impacts resulting from the cultivation of different crops in various communities are not significantly different from one another. Therefore, soil conservation measures such as mulching, composting, land fallowing, and cover cropping would be helpful in eliminating the emerging land degradation owing to the cultivation of commodity crops in the study area.
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Woldemariam, Gezahegn Weldu, Kalid Hassen Yasin, and Anteneh Derribew Iguala. "Water Erosion Risk Assessment for Conservation Planning in the East Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia." Geosciences 13, no. 6 (June 17, 2023): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13060184.
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Water erosion is accelerating soil loss rates in the East Hararghe Zone due to inappropriate human activities and their complex and intertwined interactions with natural factors, particularly in sensitive agroecosystems that lack soil and water conservation (SWC) measures. Although these dynamic processes cause prolonged impacts, a comprehensive assessment of the risk of soil erosion has not yet been undertaken at the zonal level. To bridge this gap, we employed the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) prediction model, along with remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS), to estimate annual soil erosion rates, analyze the temporal-spatial patterns of erosion risk, and evaluate the potential of standard conservation practices to reduce soil loss in croplands. Total soil erosion (in millions of tonnes/year; Mt yr−1) was estimated to be 9 in 1990, 14 in 2000, 12 in 2010, and 11 in 2020, with average rates of 33, 50, 44, and 39 t ha−1 yr−1, respectively. This suggests an overall 18% increase in soil erosion from 1990 to 2020. Over 75% of the area showed a tolerable soil loss rate (<10 t ha−1 yr−1) and low susceptibility to erosion risk. A mountainous landscape in the northwest presents extremely high erosion (>120 t ha−1 yr−1), which accounts for more than 80% of soil loss, making SWC planning a priority. Analysis of land-use land-cover change (LULCC) confirmed a higher increase in soil loss for LULCC that involved conversion to croplands, with average rates of 36.4 t ha−1 yr−1 (1990–2000), 70 t ha−1 yr−1 (2000–2010), and 36 t ha−1 yr−1 (2010–2020). The results have further revealed that implementing supportive practices such as terracing, stripping, and contouring could reduce average soil erosion by approximately 87%, 65%, and 29%, respectively, compared to the baseline model’s prediction. Therefore, a rigorous cost–benefit analysis is essential to design and implement optimal location-specific practices that maximize investment returns in SWC efforts and ecological restoration. However, we acknowledge the limitations of this study, associated with an empirical model that does not account for all forms of erosion, as well as reliance mainly on secondary data, which may affect the accuracy of the predicted outcomes.
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Doley, D. "Assessment of crop loss from air pollutants." Field Crops Research 24, no. 1-2 (August 1990): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(90)90028-a.
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Mulya, S. A., and N. Khotimah. "Assessment of Soil Erosion Hazard in Prambanan District Using RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 884, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/884/1/012010.
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Abstract Prambanan District which located in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Province has the potential for land degradation due to erosion processes. With the characteristics of annual rainfall more than 2000 mm / year, topography with a slope of more than 20% in upland areas, as well as the conversion of upland to dryland agriculture are factors that can trigger the erosion process more quickly. If the rate of erosion speed exceeds the ability of the soil to regenerate the soil body, its productivity will be disrupted and accelerate the formation of critical soil. Therefore, it is necessary to know the estimated rate of erosion, tolerable distribution of erosion, and the potential danger of erosion that occurs. The purpose of this study was to (1) predict the rate of erosion, (2) calculate the permissible erosion value, (3) identify the rate & index of erosion hazard. Data were collected using field surveys and soil sampling using stratified random sampling techniques with land units as the unit of analysis. The value of erosion was predicted using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) method. The RUSLE method is described by the following equation, A=R*K*L*S*C*P, where; A as estimated averages annual loss of soil, R is the rainfall erosivity factor, K is the soil erodibility factor, LS is the slope length factor, C is the cover management factor, & P is the conservation practice factor. The results showed that the erosion value ranged from 0.39 - 268.55 tons/ha/year. Permissible erosion ranges from 8.4 – 15 tons/ha/year for Latosol and 27.4 ton/ha/year for Regosol. The Rate of Erosion Hazard is dominated by moderate erosion, covering an area of 1330.7 ha or 31.8% of the total area. The Erosion Hazard Index is dominated by the low class (<1.0) which is covered over 2703.1 ha or 64.61% of the total area.
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Bora, Manash Jyoti, Sanandam Bordoloi, Sreeja Pekkat, Ankit Garg, Sreedeep Sekharan, and Ravi Ranjan Rakesh. "Assessment of soil erosion models for predicting soil loss in cracked vegetated compacted surface layer." Acta Geophysica 70, no. 1 (November 24, 2021): 333–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11600-021-00698-z.
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WILSON, JOHN P. "SOIL EROSION FROM AGRICULTURAL LAND IN THE LAKE SEMCOE–COUCHICHING BASIN, 1800–1981." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 69, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss89-013.
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Soil losses from agricultural land in the Lake Simcoe–Couchiching Basin between 1800 and 1981 are estimated with the universal soil loss equation (USLE). Existing methods and data are used to estimate and combine the six USLE factors with one exception. A new method that is consistent with the USLE slope definitions was developed and used to estimate the topographic factor. The results of the present study add to earlier erosion assessments because they describe the erosion hazard throughout the basin from the first days of forest clearance and agricultural settlement to the present. In particular, they indicate that soil loss rates on agricultural land have gone almost full circle from high to low and back to high rates in the past 130 yr. This result indicates the need to continue our search for permanent and more viable systems of land use. Key words: Soil erosion, potential soil loss, regional assessment
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Masto, R. E., S. Sheik, G. Nehru, V. A. Selvi, J. George, and L. C. Ram. "Assessment of environmental soil quality around Sonepur Bazari mine of Raniganj coalfield, India." Solid Earth 6, no. 3 (July 8, 2015): 811–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-6-811-2015.
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Abstract. Assessment of soil quality is one of the key parameters for evaluation of environmental contamination in the mining ecosystem. To investigate the effect of coal mining on soil quality, opencast and underground mining sites were selected in the Raniganj coalfield area, India. The physical, chemical, and biological parameters of the soils, and trace metals and PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in the soils were evaluated. Soil dehydrogenase (+79 %) and fluorescein (+32 %) activities were significantly higher in underground mine (UGM) soil, whereas peroxidase activity (+57 %) was higher in opencast mine (OCM) soil. Content of As, Be, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb was significantly higher in OCM soil, whereas Cd was higher in UGM. In general, the PAHs contents were higher in UGM soils, probably due to the natural coal burning at these sites. The observed values for the above properties were converted into a unitless score (0–1.00) and the scores were integrated into an environmental soil quality index (ESQI). In the unscreened index (ESQI-1) all the soil parameters were included and the results showed that the quality of the soil was better for UGM (0.539) than the OCM (0.511) soils. Principal component analysis was employed to derive ESQI-2 and accordingly, total PAHs, loss on ignition, bulk density, Be, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, and microbial quotient (respiration: microbial biomass ratio) were found to be the most critical properties. The ESQI-2 was also higher for soils near UGM (+10.1 %). The observed indicators and the ESQI results revealed that soil quality assessment for these coal mining soils is largely depended on soil PAHs and potentially toxic trace metals. The proposed ESQI may be further refined by incorporating specific parameters related to human exposure risks and exposure pathways.
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Giovanini Junior, Nelson, Mariana Barbosa de Carvalho, César Gustavo da Rocha Lima, and José Augusto de Lollo. "CROSS ASSESSMENT OF EROSIVE PROCESSES WITH METHODOLOGIES FOR QUANTIFYING SOIL LOSS." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 15, no. 2 (April 21, 2022): 1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v15.2.p1142-1152.
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Ahmed, Mahmoud M., Ayman G. Awadallah, Nabil A. Awadallah, and Wael T. Ahmed. "Assessment of Various Empirical Soil Loss Estimation Equations in Arid Regions." Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 10, no. 01 (2022): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/gep.2022.101008.
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