Journal articles on the topic 'Soil infiltration'
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1
Khanaum, Mosammat Mustari, and Md Saidul Borhan. "Influence of Soil Layers on the Infiltration Rates and Cumulative Infiltration Using Modified Green Ampt Model in the HYDROL-INF Simulation Environment." International Journal of Agriculture System 10, no. 2 (December 17, 2022): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/ijas.v10i2.3818.
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Soil profiles are generally heterogeneous and consist of various horizontal layers due to geological processes, the formation of crusts, or other artificial or man-made activities. To quantify infiltration into these heterogeneous soil profiles, the Modified Green-Ampt Model (MGAM) is a physically-based hydrologic model that can efficiently perform under both steady and unsteady rainfall events. Based on the secondary data, this study sought to determine the effect of changing soil layers (soil textures) on infiltration rates and cumulative infiltrations in in both laboratory and field settings. Different scenarios were analyzed by rearranging soil layers and evaluating their impacts on corresponding infiltration rates and cumulative infiltrations. Simulations were run with HYDROL-INF software environment using MGAM. Three scenarios were considered for a laboratory experiment with two different types of soil texture coupled with five different soil profiles. Similarly, four scenarios were considered for the field experiments with five different types of soil texture couple with eight different soil profiles. The simulated infiltration rates and cumulative infiltrations were found to vary with soil layer change scenarios. The simulated cumulative infiltrations, ponding times, infiltrating rates at ponding, and total depth of wetting front at ponding of a five-layered laboratory soil column were identical for the three scenarios. Simulated cumulative infiltrations were 33.16, 23.65, 21.29, and 42.77 cm, respectively, for scenarios (combinations) 1, 2, 3, and 4 in the eight-layered soil profile in the field scenarios. Infiltration rates among scenarios at ponding were identical (0.46 to 0.53 cm/h) with field scenario data.
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Lilbæk, G., and J. W. Pomeroy. "Evidence for enhanced infiltration of ion load during snowmelt." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7, no. 1 (February 24, 2010): 1431–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-7-1431-2010.
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Abstract. Meltwater ion concentration and infiltration rate into frozen soil both decline rapidly as snowmelt progresses. Their temporal association is highly non-linear and a covariance term must be added in order to use time-averaged values of snowmelt ion concentration and infiltration rate to calculate chemical infiltration. The covariance is labelled enhanced infiltration and represents the additional ion load that infiltrates due to the timing of high meltwater concentration and infiltration rate. Previous assessment of the impact of enhanced infiltration has been theoretical; thus, experiments were carried out to examine whether enhanced infiltration can be recognized in controlled laboratory settings and to what extent its magnitude varies with soil moisture. Three experiments were carried out: dry soil conditions, unsaturated soil conditions, and saturated soil conditions. Chloride solution was added to the surface of frozen soil columns; the concentration decreased exponentially over time to simulate snow meltwater. Infiltration excess water was collected and its chloride concentration and volume determined. Ion load infiltrating the frozen soil was specified by mass conservation. Results showed that infiltrating ion load increased with decreasing soil moisture as expected; however, the impact of enhanced infiltration increased considerably with increasing soil moisture. Enhanced infiltration caused 2.5 times more ion load to infiltrate during saturated conditions than that estimated using time-averaged ion concentrations and infiltration rates alone. For unsaturated conditions, enhanced infiltration was reduced to 1.45 and for dry soils to 1.3. Reduction in infiltration excess ion load due to enhanced infiltration increased slightly (2–5%) over time, being greatest for the dry soil (45%) and least for the saturated soil (6%). The importance of timing between high ion concentrations and high infiltration rates was best illustrated in the unsaturated experiment, which showed large inter-column variation in enhanced ion infiltration due to variation in this temporal covariance.
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Lilbæk, G., and J. W. Pomeroy. "Laboratory evidence for enhanced infiltration of ion load during snowmelt." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 7 (July 29, 2010): 1365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-1365-2010.
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Abstract. Meltwater ion concentration and infiltration rate into frozen soil both decline rapidly as snowmelt progresses. Their temporal association is highly non-linear and a covariance term must be added in order to use time-averaged values of snowmelt ion concentration and infiltration rate to calculate chemical infiltration. The covariance is labelled enhanced ion infiltration and represents the additional ion load that infiltrates due to the timing of high meltwater concentration and infiltration rate. Previous assessment of the impact of enhanced ion infiltration has been theoretical; thus, experiments were carried out to examine whether enhanced infiltration can be recognized in controlled laboratory settings and to what extent its magnitude varies with soil moisture. Three experiments were carried out: dry soil conditions, unsaturated soil conditions, and saturated soil conditions. Chloride solutions were added to the surface of frozen soil columns; the concentration decreased exponentially over time to simulate snow meltwater. Infiltration excess water was collected and its chloride concentration and volume determined. Ion load infiltrating the frozen soil was specified by mass conservation. Results showed that infiltrating ion load increased with decreasing soil moisture as expected; however, the impact of enhanced ion infiltration increased considerably with increasing soil moisture. Enhanced infiltration caused 2.5 times more ion load to infiltrate during saturated conditions than that estimated using time-averaged ion concentrations and infiltration rates alone. For unsaturated conditions, enhanced ion infiltration was reduced to 1.45 and for dry soils to 1.3. Reduction in infiltration excess ion load due to enhanced infiltration increased slightly (2–5%) over time, being greatest for the dry soil (45%) and least for the saturated soil (6%). The importance of timing between high ion concentrations and high infiltration rates was best illustrated in the unsaturated experiment, which showed large inter-column variation in enhanced ion infiltration due to variation in this temporal covariance.
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Kroulík, M., J. Hůla, R. Šindelář, and F. Illek. "Water infiltration into soil related to the soil tillage intensity." Soil and Water Research 2, No. 1 (January 7, 2008): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2098-swr.
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Soil infiltration capacity is one of the key factors in the soil protection against unfavourable effects of water erosion. The purpose of its measuring was to compare and evaluate the changes of the soil physical properties and of water infiltration into soil caused by different intensity of soil cultivation at two individual sites. The ploughing (PL), shallow tillage (ST), and direct drilling (NT) effects on the soil physical properties, water infiltration into soil, and soil surface coverage with the crop residua under the soil condition loamy Haplic Luvisol, with long-term growing of maize (Zea mays L.) - Agroservis, 1<sup>st</sup> Agricultural, a.s., Višňové - and clay soil of Calcic Chernozem (Cooperative farm Klapý), were compared. Soil bulk density values in the variant with ploughing showed in the depth up to 0.20 m considerably lower values as compared with the variants shallow tillage and direct drilling. Nevertheless, in the subsoil layer the bulk density of soil in the variant with ploughing increased in comparison with other variants. The results were also confirmed by the cone index values. At the plots in Višňové the infiltration was evaluated utilising the double ring infiltrometer, and by means of the coloured water infiltration. The results revealed significant differences in the water infiltration rate at various stages of the soil loosening. The highest average values were recorded for ploughing (1.00 dm<sup>3</sup>/min). The lowest values were found for the shallow soil tillage (0.18 dm<sup>3</sup>/min). The variant with direct drilling showed values of 0.53 dm<sup>3</sup>/min. The coloured water infiltration evaluation showed a different character of water flow in soil. The variant with ploughing showed water saturation in the top layer, the variants with reduced tillage were characterised by vertical macropores and crack effects with the water drain into deeper layers. Ploughing proved its advantage for the short-term rainfall retention. Similar results were also brought in the evaluation on the plot with clay soil (Klapý). The loosening effect was evident during coloured water infiltration in the period of snow thawing. The loosed soil layer showed a significantly higher soil water holding capacity as compared with variants with reduced soil tillage. The result showed major differences in the water infiltration rate into soil and different characters of water infiltration into soil at different soil tillage.
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Roy, Debjit, Xinhua Jia, Dean D. Steele, Xuefeng Chu, and Zhulu Lin. "Infiltration into Frozen Silty Clay Loam Soil with Different Soil Water Contents in the Red River of the North Basin in the USA." Water 12, no. 2 (January 21, 2020): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020321.
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Predicting surface runoff and flooding in seasonally frozen areas such as the Red River of the North Basin (RRB) in USA is a challenging task. It depends on the knowledge of the complex process of infiltration in frozen soil, such as phase changes of water, ice content and distribution in the infiltration zone (the top 0–30 cm of the soil profile), soil pore size distribution, soil temperature and freeze–thaw cycles. In this study, the infiltration rates into frozen soil (Colvin silty clay loam according to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Classification, and Chernozem according to Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) international soil Classification) were measured at three different initial water contents: permanent wilting point (PWP), θpwp; field capacity (FC), θfc; and between FC and PWP, θmid. Laboratory infiltration experiments were conducted using a Cornell sprinkle infiltrometer with three replications for each initial water content. Volumetric soil water content (θv) and soil temperature at three depths were also continuously monitored using sensors. The average infiltration rates were 0.66, 0.38, and 0.59 cm/min for three initial water contents (θpwp, θmid, and θfc, respectively). Initial infiltration into frozen soil occurred quickly in the soil with θpwp because the soil was dry. Melted ice water contributed to the total soil water content over time, so it made the initial infiltration comparatively slower in the soil with θmid. Initial infiltration was also slower in the soil with θfc because the wet soil had very small pore space, so the soil rapidly reached its saturation after the infiltration started. The Horton infiltration equation was fitted with the observed infiltration rates for the soils with three initial water contents, and the goodness of fit was evaluated by using the coefficient of determination (R2) and the root-mean-square error (RMSE). The final infiltration rates from the fitted Horton equations were 0.060, 0.010, and 0.027 cm/min for the initial water contents (θpwp, θmid, and θfc, respectively). The soil water content along the soil profile changed with the amount of infiltrating water over time. However, the initial soil water content and melt water from ice resulting from soil temperature rise regulated the change in soil water content. The amount of ice melt water contribution to soil water content change varied among the soils with different initial water contents (θpwp, θmid, and θfc, respectively). The θv changed gradually in the θpwp soil, rapidly at 0 °C in the θmid soil, and less in the θfc soil. The change in pore distribution due to freeze–thaw cycles and soil packing altered the soil hydraulic properties and the infiltration into the soil. This study can provide critical information for flood forecasting model and subsurface drainage design in the RRB.
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Argyrokastritis, Ioannis, Maria Psychogiou, and Paraskevi A. Londra. "Infiltration under Ponded Conditions." Water 13, no. 24 (December 7, 2021): 3492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13243492.
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Ponded infiltration processes occur in agricultural lands irrigated by flooding of their soil surface or under insufficient drainage conditions. The existing equations describing the phenomenon of vertical infiltration under ponded conditions have not considered the actual contribution of the pressure head gradient to the flow. In this study, simple equations are proposed to describe the horizontal and vertical infiltration under various ponding heads incorporating the actual contribution of the pressure head gradient to the flow. Six soils with known hydraulic properties, covering a wide range of soil textures, were used. Horizontal and vertical infiltration data are obtained by numerical simulation for all soils studied using the Hydrus-1D code. To validate the accuracy of the proposed equations, the solutions of horizontal and vertical infiltrations provided by the proposed equations were compared with numerically simulated ones provided by the Hydrus 1-D. The analysis of the results showed a very good agreement in all soils studied. The proposed vertical infiltration equation was also compared to a simple and accurate equation which does not incorporate the actual contribution of the pressure head gradient to the flow and differences between them were observed in all soils studied.
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Nugroho, Searphin, and Wahyono Hadi. "The Influence of Soil Conditioning on Soil Infiltration Rate in Urban Facilities." Geosfera Indonesia 6, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v6i2.24646.
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Several attempts have been made to increase the permeable area in the cities, which include the building of green facilities such as parks and urban forests. Since these areas were built with soil compaction, the potential for infiltrating water differs compared with the natural green area. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the influence of soil conditioning on the constant infiltration rate using variables such as soil compaction, texture, and the presence of vegetation cover in urban facilities. The data used were obtained through field infiltration measurement using a single ring infiltrometer. In this research, the analysis carried out includes soil texture, Horton equation, the difference between conditioned soils and control plots, and USDA hydrologic soil classifications. The results showed that all variables (soil compaction, the presence of vegetation cover, and soil texture) have a significant effect on the constant infiltration rate. Based on the soil conditioning, the infiltration rate is increased on the vegetated plots and decreased on the plots with the combination of vegetation and compaction, as well as the compacted plots. Furthermore, the effect of vegetation cover is more significant in silt loam textured soil, while the influence of compaction is more on clay textured soil. The potential constant infiltration rate on the plots of similar characteristics with green urban areas are on K2 and L2 with 2.698 mm/h and 1.525 mm/h, respectively. Therefore, these plots have a moderate runoff potential based on USDA hydrologic soil classification.
Keywords: Compaction; Infiltration; Soil conditioning; Urban facilities
Copyright (c) 2021 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License
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Glanville, SF, and GD Smith. "Aggregate breakdown in clay soils under simulated rain and effects on infiltration." Soil Research 26, no. 1 (1988): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9880111.
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Wet sieving was used to separate aggregate-size distributions of four clay soils after pre-treatments of simulated rainfall, tension wetting and immersion wetting. Infiltration rates of columns of the soils were also measured under simulated rainfall. During rainfall, samples for wet sieving and the infiltrating columns were either bare or covered with a cloth mesh designed to absorb raindrop impact without affecting rates of wetting. Two swelling clay soils, one non-swelling clay soil and one clay soil dominated by sesquioxides, were used. For the first three soils, rate of wetting was the major factor governing aggregate breakdown. Significant changes in Mean Weight Diameter (MWD) occurred during the first few minutes of rainfall whether the samples were covered or not. As the rain continued, further breakdown was detected only in the uncovered samples. MWD of the sesquioxide soil decreased slightly during immersion, but most aggregate breakdown resulted from the impact of raindrops. Infiltration into the soil columns was virtually unrestricted if the soils were covered. Slaking without drop impact did not interfere with water entry. On bare soils, positive correlations were found between cumulative rainfall and the per cent of soil particles <0.12 mm diameter. An inverse relationship was found between this particle size range and infiltration rates. It is suggested that 25% of the <0.12 mm fraction must be present before infiltration rates decline.
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Yang, Xiaofeng, Yimeng Zhang, Junchao Jia, and Xingchang Zhang. "Soil Reclamation Models by Soil Water Infiltration for Refuse Dumps in Opencast Mining Area of Northern China." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 29, 2022): 15929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315929.
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The water infiltration rules of five different homogeneously or heterogeneously-constructed soil samples were determined to select the best soil construction module for refuse dump reclamation in the opencast mines of the Shanxi-Shaanxi-Inner Mongolia energy circle. Five treatments, including three homogeneous soil samples consisting of sandy soil, Montmorillonite-enriched sandstone, and sand-Montmorillonite-enriched sandstone mixture, together with two heterogeneous soil samples composed of sandy soil + Montmorillonite-enriched sandstone + sandy soil and sandy soil + sandy − Montmorillonite-enriched sandstone mixture (7:3) + sandy soil. Three replicates of each treatment were prepared in the indoor pillars to measure the infiltration process by auto-recording geometry, to investigate the infiltration features of various soil configurations by testing their infiltration rate, cumulative infiltration capacity, wetting front migration, and profile soil content, and to evaluate the infiltration of newly constructed soil in the natural conditions of the research area. The experiment demonstrated that the addition of Montmorillonite-enriched sandstone into sandy soil significantly slowed down soil water infiltration, especially in the heterogeneous soils. Traditional models perfectly simulated the soil water infiltration in the three homogeneous soils in which soil infiltration capacity could be segmentally fitted by Kostiakov model and linear model, and wetting front could be fitted by a power function. Compared with the homogeneous soil samples, heterogeneous soil could reduce the direct surface runoff and deep percolation, and is an idealized structure for soil reconstruction in opencast coal mine dump.
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Nasruddin and Aso. "Rain Effect Frequency of Infiltration Rate and Infiltration Capacity in Common Soil: Laboratory Test with Rainfall Simulator." Journal La Multiapp 1, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallamultiapp.v1i1.37.
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Analyzing the Influence of Rain Frequency Infiltration Rate and Infiltration Capacity in Common Soil Type (Laboratory Testing Study With Rainfall Simulator). Infiltration is the flow of water into the ground through the soil surface. This process is a very important part of the hydrological cycle and in the process of transferring rain into the flow of water in the soil before reaching the river. Infiltration (infiltration rate and capacity) is influenced by various variables, including soil type, slope inclination, density and type of vegetation, soil moisture content, and rainfall intensity. This study aims to determine the effect of rainfall frequency on the infiltration rate and infiltration capacity on common soil types. This research is a type of laboratory experimental research, using rainfall simulator tool. The soil used in this study is common soil type. Furthermore, artificial rain was provided with intensity I5, I15, and I25 and performed infiltration rate reading on the Drain Rainfall Simulator. The rate and capacity of infiltration in common soils increase proportionally to the increased intensity of rainfall, the higher the intensity of rainfall the higher the infiltration occurring at the same level of rain frequency. The rate and capacity of infiltration in common soils decrease proportionally to the increasing frequency of rain, the more the frequency of rain the smaller the infiltration occurring at the same level of rainfall intensity
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Su, Dong Yang, and Gui Sheng Fan. "The Effect of Gypsum on High Saline Soil’s Infiltration Capability and Soil Improvement." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.61.
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Soil water infiltration is an important link of the natural water cycle. Infiltration is the inherent properties of soils. It determines the speed and distribution of the irrigation water converted to soil water. Then affected the irrigation’s quality and effect. Especially for high saline soil infiltration of improvement has profound significance. Gypsum improving is a chemical measures to improve high saline soils and has a remarkable effect on soil water infiltration. It can improve saline land with the help of other measures.
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Wu, Yun, Hui Wang, and Jinbin Zhu. "Influence of Reclaimed Water Quality on Infiltration Characteristics of Typical Subtropical Zone Soils: A Case Study in South China." Sustainability 14, no. 8 (April 7, 2022): 4390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084390.
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Irrigation with reclaimed water (RW) can alleviate water scarcity and improve the environmental and economic benefits. However, RW contains a large number of salts, suspended particles, organic matter, etc., which can affect soil infiltration. Previous studies focused on the examination of this effect in alkaline soils, but the infiltration change of acidic soils has seldom been investigated. This study selects four typical types of soil in the subtropical area in the south of China and designs experiments using different concentrations of RW to examine the influence of RW on the infiltration of various acid soils. The short-term impact is examined based on a one-dimensional horizontal method, and the long-term infiltration characteristics are measured by a Mini Disk infiltration meter with one year’s RW irrigation. Results show that RW irrigation can restrain the short-term infiltration of red soil while accelerating that of purple soil, aquic soil and paddy soil. Regarding the long-term effect, the cumulative infiltration of red soil increases with the decline of the concentration of RW, while there is no unique trend for the other soils. After one year’s RW irrigation, physical properties such as soil particle size distribution, texture and EC have changed. For red soil, EC increased significantly with RW irrigation, from 46.7 µS/cm to 101.07 µS/cm. However, regarding aquic soil, EC decreased from 157.05 µS/cm to 123.20 µS/cm. Moreover, the infiltration rate coefficient of red soil and aquic soil exhibits a significant positive correlation with RW concentration (p < 0.01), while the silt content shows a significantly negative correlation (p < 0.01). Furthermore, soil infiltration parameters c and S value of the purple soil, paddy soil, is significantly negative correlated with pH value (p < 0.01). The results reflected that appropriate RW quality for irrigation is different among various soil types, which will influence the sustainable application of RW. It can shed insights into solving the water scarcity issue and improving water sustainability in subtropical regions.
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Fouli, Ymène, Barbara J. Cade-Menun, and Herb W. Cutforth. "Freeze–thaw cycles and soil water content effects on infiltration rate of three Saskatchewan soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 93, no. 4 (September 2013): 485–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss2012-060.
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Fouli, Y., Cade-Menun, B. J. and Cutforth, H. W. 2013. Freeze–thaw cycles and soil water content effects on infiltration rate of three Saskatchewan soils. Can. J. Soil Sci. 93: 485–496. Many soils at high latitudes or elevations freeze and thaw seasonally. More frequent freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs) may affect ecosystem diversity and productivity because freeze–thaw cycles cause changes in soil physical properties and affect water movement in the landscape. This study examined the effects of FTCs (0, 1, 5, and 10) and antecedent soil water content [at soil water potentials (SWP) −1.5, −0.033 and −0.02 MPa] on the infiltration rate of three Saskatchewan soils (a clay, a loam, and a loamy sand). A tension infiltrometer was used at tensions [water potentials of the tension infiltrometer (WPT)] −5, −10 and −15 cm. Infiltration rates increased with increasing SWPs for the loam and clay soils due to higher infiltrability into drier soils. Infiltration rates decreased with increasing SWPs for the loamy sand, probably the result of less surface tension, unimodal porosity, and increased gravitational potential. Infiltration rates either decreased or did not change with increasing FTCs, and this may be due to increased water viscosity as temperatures approach freezing. Also, ice may have formed in soil pores after frequent FTCs, causing lower infiltration rates. Infiltration rates for clay at −1.5 MPa were higher than for loam or loamy sand, probably the result of clay mineralogy and potential shrinking and cracking. Soil texture and initial water content had a significant effect on infiltration rates, and FTCs either maintained or lowered infiltration rates.
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Ma, Wenmei, Xingchang Zhang, Qing Zhen, and Yanjiang Zhang. "Effect of soil texture on water infiltration in semiarid reclaimed land." Water Quality Research Journal 51, no. 1 (August 18, 2015): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrjc.2015.025.
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The infiltration of water and its influencing factors in disturbed or reclaimed land are not well understood. A better understanding would provide essential information for assessing the hydrological processes in disturbed ecosystems. We measured the infiltration of water in soils from loamy and sandy reclaimed land. The relationships between infiltration and soil properties were analyzed based on three models: the Kostiakov, Philip, and Green–Ampt equations. Our objectives were to understand water infiltration in reclaimed land with a variety of soil textures and to establish the dependence of water infiltration on soil properties. Both the rate of infiltration and the cumulative infiltration were higher in sandy than in loamy soils. The rate of infiltration and the cumulative infiltration decreased with soil depth in undisturbed land. The sorptivity rate (S) from the Philip equation, empirical coefficient (K) from the Kostiakov equation, and the satiated hydraulic conductivity (Ksl) from the Green–Ampt equation were 22%, 16%, and 7.1% higher, respectively, in sandy than in loamy soils. The Ksl increased significantly with Ks (saturated hydraulic conductivity) in both sandy and loamy soils. These indicated that the Green–Ampt equation can be used to describe Ks and the characteristics of infiltration for soils on disturbed land.
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Jiang, Ruiqi, Tianxiao Li, Dong Liu, Qiang Fu, Renjie Hou, Qinglin Li, Song Cui, and Mo Li. "Soil infiltration characteristics and pore distribution under freezing–thawing conditions." Cryosphere 15, no. 4 (May 2, 2021): 2133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2133-2021.
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Abstract. Frozen soil infiltration widely occurs in hydrological processes such as seasonal soil freezing and thawing, snowmelt infiltration, and runoff. Accurate measurement and simulation of parameters related to frozen soil infiltration processes are highly important for agricultural water management, environmental issues, and engineering problems in cold regions. Temperature changes cause soil pore size distribution variations and consequently dynamic infiltration capacity changes during different freeze–thaw periods. To better understand these complex processes and to reveal the freeze–thaw action effects on soil pore distribution and infiltration capacity, black soils, meadow soils, and chernozem were selected as test subjects. These soil types account for the largest arable land area in Heilongjiang Province, China. Laboratory tests of soils at different temperatures were conducted using a tension infiltrometer and ethylene glycol aqueous solution. The stable infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity were measured, and the soil pore distribution was calculated. The results indicated that for the different soil types, macropores, which constituted approximately 0.1 % to 0.2 % of the soil volume under unfrozen conditions, contributed approximately 50 % of the saturated flow, and after soil freezing, the soil macropore proportion decreased to 0.05 % to 0.1 %, while the saturated flow proportion decreased to approximately 30 %. Soil moisture froze into ice crystals inside relatively large pores, resulting in numerous smaller-sized pores, which reduced the number of macropores but increased the number of smaller-sized mesopores, so that the frozen soil infiltration capacity was no longer solely dependent on the macropores. After the ice crystals had melted, more pores were formed within the soil, enhancing the soil permeability.
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Zhao, Litong, D. M. Gray, and B. Toth. "Influence of soil texture on snowmelt infiltration into frozen soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 82, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s00-093.
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This paper describes the influence of soil texture on snowmelt infiltration into frozen soils. Field data collected on frozen, unsaturated agricultural soils of the Canadian Prairies during snow ablation demonstrate: (a) poor association between the amount of infiltration of meltwater released by the seasonal snowcover and soil texture, and (b) small differences in cumulative amounts among soils of widely different textures. A physics-based numerical simulation of heat and mass transfers with phase changes in frozen soils is used to study the mechanics of the infiltration process in representative clay, silty clay loam, silt loam and sandy loam soils. The results of the simulations show that the differences among cumulative snowmelt infiltration into clay, silty clay loam and silt loam soils after 24 h of continuous infiltration are small. Infiltration into a lighter-textured sandy loam after 24 h was on average 23% higher than in the other three soils with most of the increase occurring in the first 5 h of the simulation. Key Words: Soil texture, snowmelt, infiltration, frozen soils
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McDougall, J. R., and I. C. Pyrah. "Simulating transient infiltration in unsaturated soils." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 35, no. 6 (December 1, 1998): 1093–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t98-059.
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Transient responses to various infiltration events have been examined using an unsaturated flow model. Numerical simulations reveal a range of infiltration patterns which can be related to the ratio of infiltration rate to unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. A high value of this ratio reflects a prevailing hydraulic conductivity which cannot readily redistribute the newly infiltrated moisture. Moisture accumulates in the near-surface region before advancing down through the soil as a distinct wetting front. In contrast, low values of the ratio of rainfall to unsaturated hydraulic conductivity show minimal moisture accumulation, as the relatively small volumes of infiltrating moisture are readily redistributed through the soil profile.Key words: numerical modelling, infiltration, unsaturated soil, soil suction, groundwater.
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Buckland, Gary D., D. Rodney Bennett, Dennis E. Mikalson, Eeltje de Jong, and Chi Chang. "Soil salinization and sodication from alternate irrigations with saline-sodic water and simulated rain." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 82, no. 3 (August 1, 2002): 297–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s01-080.
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We conducted a greenhouse study on large, semi-disturbed soil cores excavated from the vicinity of Verdigris Lake in southern Alberta to assess the suitability of different saline-sodic waters for irrigation. Soil salinization and sodication, surface soil physical properties, and yield of five soft white spring wheat crops (Triticum aestivum L. var. AC Reed) were examined under alternate applications of simulated rain with saline-sodic irrigation waters ranging from "safe" to "potentially hazardous" for irrigation. Increased salinity and sodicity of irrigation waters alternated with simulated rain resulted in increased salinity and sodicity in the upper 0.60 to 0.90 m of the soil. Salt accumulation in the root zone decreased as the leaching fraction increased. Aggregate stability and infiltration properties of the soil were generally adversely affected by the more saline and sodic irrigation waters. Infiltration properties were significantly greater with irrigation water (IW) than with distilled water (DW). The soil infiltration rate at 2 h, with DW as the infiltrating water, was the most sensitive soil physical property for assessment of irrigation water suitability. The infiltration test after five crop cycles gave a better indication of the effects of excess sodicity of irrigation water on soil structural stability than the aggregate stability test. The cumulative effects of long-term supplemental irrigation with saline-sodic waters on soil chemical and physical properties need to be considered when assessing irrigation water suitability. Irrigation waters with electrical conductivity (EC) less than or equal to 1 dS m-1 and a sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) less than or equal to 5 did not result in deterioration of soil physical properties and were considered "safe" for supplemental irrigation of the Masinasin soil. Alternate applications of irrigation and distilled water should be used to evaluate soil infiltration rates and the structural stability of soils to which saline-sodic waters are to be applied. Key words: Saline-sodic irrigation water, soil salinity, soil sodicity, aggregate stability, infiltration, water quali
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Zhang, Gui-rong, Ya-jun Qian, Zhang-chun Wang, and Bo Zhao. "Analysis of Rainfall Infiltration Law in Unsaturated Soil Slope." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/567250.
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In the study of unsaturated soil slope stability under rainfall infiltration, it is worth continuing to explore how much rainfall infiltrates into the slope in a rain process, and the amount of rainfall infiltrating into slope is the important factor influencing the stability. Therefore, rainfall infiltration capacity is an important issue of unsaturated seepage analysis for slope. On the basis of previous studies, rainfall infiltration law of unsaturated soil slope is analyzed. Considering the characteristics of slope and rainfall, the key factors affecting rainfall infiltration of slope, including hydraulic properties, water storage capacityθs−θr, soil types, rainfall intensities, and antecedent and subsequent infiltration rates on unsaturated soil slope, are discussed by using theory analysis and numerical simulation technology. Based on critical factors changing, this paper presents three calculation models of rainfall infiltrability for unsaturated slope, including (1) infiltration model considering rainfall intensity; (2) effective rainfall model considering antecedent rainfall; (3) infiltration model considering comprehensive factors. Based on the technology of system response, the relationship of rainfall and infiltration is described, and the prototype of regression model of rainfall infiltration is given, in order to determine the amount of rain penetration during a rain process.
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Su, Huidong, Yangwen Jia, Yongde Gan, Guangheng Ni, Cunwen Niu, Huan Liu, Tiantian Jin, and Yizhen Yao. "Soil water movement model for deformable soils." Journal of Water and Climate Change 11, no. 4 (July 22, 2019): 1191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2019.262.
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Abstract To simulate the soil water movement process of deformable soils, a modified Richards model considering soil deformation (RMSD) was established. In the model, new parameters were introduced, including deformable soil porosity, deformable soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of expansive soils, which varied with soil depth and time under the effect of soil deformation. The newly introduced parameters originated from physical properties of the soils and their calculation formulas were suggested. One-dimensional infiltration–runoff experiments were performed to evaluate the performance of the RMSD. The results showed that average relative errors (ARE) of simulated runoff intensity and cumulative infiltration (by the RMSD) ranged from −10.0% to −1.0% and from −1.0% to 11.0%, respectively, and Nash efficiency coefficients (NSE) of simulated cumulative infiltration (by the RMSD) were larger than 0.90. As the RMSD model is much better than the traditional Richards model (TRID) in fitting the observations of soil cumulative infiltration and runoff intensity, it is believed that the newly suggested model provides a suitable tool to depict the soil water movement in deformable soils.
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Masood, Tareq K., and Nooruldeen S. Ali. "Effect of Different Soil Organic Carbon Content in Different Soils on Water Holding Capacity and Soil Health." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1158, no. 2 (April 1, 2023): 022035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1158/2/022035.
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Abstract An experiment was carried out to study the effect of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil texture on the distance of the wetting front, cumulative water infiltration (I), infiltration rate (IR), saturated water conductivity (Ks), and water holding capacity (WHC). Three levels ( 0, 10, 20, and 30 g OC kg-1 ) from organic carbon (OC) were mixed with different soil materials sandy, loam, and clay texture soils. Field capacity (FC) and permanent wilting point (PWP) were estimated. Soil materials were placed in transparent plastic columns(12 cm soil column ), and water infiltration(I) was measured as a function of time, the distance of the wetting front and Ks. Results showed that advance wetting front as a function of time for soil column was 6 minutes and with no differences between OC levels for sandy soils, while it ranged between 90 minutes (0% OC) - 130 minutes (3% OC) for loam soils, and between 470 minutes (0 %OC) and 590 minutes (1%OC) for clay soils, at the same time cumulative water infiltration(I) increases at the beginning of infiltration and decreases with time and levels of OC. The highest infiltration values were in sandy soils, giving data of 0.05 and 0.12 cm min-1, with no significant differences with OC rates. IR values decreased when OC increased in loam soils, and IR increased exponentially in clay soils with increasing OC levels. The values of Ks decrease with increasing OC for sandy and loam soils, and increase when OC increases above 3% for clay soils. FC and WP values were increased for sandy, loam and clay soils when OC was increased. The AW values decreased for both sandy and clay soils compared to loam soils. It can be concluded that AW can be estimated from FC values regardless of texture and OC by the linear function: AW=0.51(FC)+0.005.
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Hrabovský, Andrej, Pavel Dlapa, Artemi Cerdà, and Jozef Kollár. "The Impacts of Vineyard Afforestation on Soil Properties, Water Repellency and Near-Saturated Infiltration in the Little Carpathians Mountains." Water 12, no. 9 (September 12, 2020): 2550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092550.
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Vineyards are a 7000-year-old land-use tradition and both management and abandonment have result in altered soil properties. These have a great effect on water resources and soil services, and this inspired our investigation into the effects of land-use and land-use change on soils in the Modra wine-growing region in South-western Slovakia. Ten topsoil samples were taken at each of the seven research sites (n = 70) on granite parent material in cultivated and afforested vineyards and original forest soils. Laboratory analyses included determination of soil texture, organic carbon content, soil pH, and water repellency. This was supplemented by infiltration measurements under near-saturated conditions at the vineyard and afforested study sites. Studied soils have a low clay content and a high proportion of sand. The vineyard soils have significantly higher pH than the forest and afforested soils because the naturally acidic soils have been limed. The forest and afforested soils have similar properties, with higher organic carbon content. This makes them strongly to extremely water repellent and contrasts sharply with the wettability of cultivated vineyard soils. One afforested site, however, was less acidic and therefore was considered transitional between forest and vineyard soils. Our infiltration measurements established the influence of soil water repellency on the infiltration process, and our results highlighted that the infiltration rate in the vineyard soils was significantly higher than in afforested soils. The infiltration rate also gradually increased over time in afforested soils due to decreasing water repellency. Physically impossible negative sorptivity values in afforested soils were noted because of changes in water repellency during the infiltration process. Finally, we conclude that soil afforestation results in increased soil water repellency and a subsequent reduction in the infiltration rate at the matrix scale.
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Abu-Zreig, Majed, Haruyuki Fujimaki, and Mohamed Ahmed Abd Elbasit. "Enhancing Water Infiltration through Heavy Soils with Sand-Ditch Technique." Water 12, no. 5 (May 6, 2020): 1312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051312.
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Enhancing rainwater infiltration into heavy soils is an important strategy in arid regions to increase soil water storage and meet crop water demand. In such soils, water infiltration and deep percolation can be enhanced by constructing deep ditches filled with permeable materials, such as sand. Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the effect of sand ditch installed across the slope of a soil box, 50 × 20 × 20 cm3, on runoff interception and water infiltration of clay soil packed at two bulk densities, 1240 and 1510 kg/m3. The experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions using simulated steady flow of about 20 cm/h for a duration of 60 min. Results showed that sand ditches highly reduced runoff and largely enhanced water infiltration into soils. In low-density soil, the average runoff was 15% of inflow volume but reduced to zero in the presence of sand ditches thus increasing soil water storage by 15%. In high-density soil, the presence of sand ditches was more effective; infiltration volume increased by 156% compared to control. The WASH_2D model was used to simulate water flow in the presence of sand ditches; it showed to increase water infiltration and soil-moisture storage thus improving crop production in drylands.
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Ren, Xiuzi, Xiaohong Chai, Yuanyuan Qu, Yuanhui Xu, Farhat Ullah Khan, Junfeng Wang, Palixiati Geming, et al. "Restoration of Grassland Improves Soil Infiltration Capacity in Water-Wind Erosion Crisscross Region of China’s Loess Plateau." Land 12, no. 8 (July 27, 2023): 1485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12081485.
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Soil water infiltration is a key mechanism for meeting plant water demand and groundwater recharge cycles; however, unreasonable land use practices cause reduced infiltration capacity and greater soil erosion. To date, differences in the properties of aeolian sandy soil and Pisha sandstone soil under different utilization methods as well as in soil properties, aggregates, and infiltration among kind of soil types, remain poorly understood. In this work, 54 soil samples of cropland and grassland were selected to identify the unique characteristics of soil infiltration processes under transition from cropland to grassland and contributions of soil properties to soil infiltrability in the Loess Plateau of China. The results showed that converting cropland to grassland could enhance the stable infiltration capacity of shallow soils of aeolian sandy soil and loess soil by 43.6% and 35.7%, respectively. Compared with cropland, the root properties and soil aggregate formation of the three soil types increased during grassland use, with the largest increase in soil organic matter content (32.14%) and total porosities (6.4%). As determined by the ring knife method, the saturated infiltration capacity of Pisha sandstone soil was significantly lower than in aeolian sandy soil and loess soil (p < 0.5). Moreover, its saturated infiltration capacity of cropland was better than grassland. Spearman’s correlation analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that soil infiltration capacity appeared to be the most influenced by soil organic matter, and aggregate structure. These results highlight that fifteen years of returning cropland to grassland is not enough to affect the infiltration ability of deep soil (≥20 cm), and this improvement requires longer term maintenance.
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Zartman, Richard E., Corey A. Moffet, David B. Wester, Ronald E. Sosebee, Ernest B. Fish, and William F. Jaynes. "Influence of Surface Biosolids Application on Infiltration." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/642791.
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Biosolids from waste water treatment facilities applied to soils not only add plant nutrients, but also increase infiltration and decrease runoff and erosion. Wet biosolids from New York, NY, were surface applied at 0 to 90 Mg ha−1dry weight to soils near El Paso, Tex. Simulated rainfall intensities of 16.4 cm hr−1for 30 minutes applied to 0.5 m2soil plots yielded initial infiltration rates of ~16 cm hr−1for all plots. Biosolids applications extended the duration of the initially high infiltration rates. After 30 minutes, infiltration rates for bare soil were 3 cm hr−1without and 10 cm hr−1with 90 Mg biosolids ha−1. Applied biosolids, plant litter, surface gravel, and plant base contributed surface cover, which absorbed raindrop energy and reduced erosion. Biosolids increased cumulative infiltration on the vegetated, wet soils more than for the dry or bare soils. Biosolids increased cumulative infiltration from 2 to 6 cm on a bare gravelly soil and from 9.3 to 10.6 cm on a vegetated soil.
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Sun, Li, Liu, Cui, Gao, and Yang. "Effect of Moistube Fertigation on Infiltration and Distribution of Water-Fertilizer in Mixing Waste Biomass Soil." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (November 28, 2019): 6757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236757.
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A series of indoor soil box simulation experiments were carried out to investigate the infiltration capacity of fertilizer solution in mixing waste biomass and the distribution characteristics of water-fertilizer in wetted soil under moistube fertigation. The infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration of moistube fertigation in soils as well as the distribution characteristics of water-fertilizer (soil water, nitrate–N, available P, and available K) in wetted soil were studied in three waste biomass (peanut shell) mixing ratios (MR1.5%, MR3.0%, and MR4.5%) taking a not amended soil as control (CK). The cumulative infiltration of fertilizer solution and the distribution of water-fertilizer were fitted by a modified infiltration model. Results indicated that increasing the mixing ratio improved significantly the infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration of fertilizer solution and the distribution area and content of water-fertilizer in amended wetting soil compared with CK. The relationship between the cumulative infiltration of fertilizer solution and infiltration time conformed to the Kostiakov infiltration model. The distribution uniformity coefficient of soil water and nitrate–N increased with the increase in waste biomass mixing ratio, whereas available P and available K decreased in wetted soil. The 4-parameter log-logistic model fitted well with the distribution of water-fertilizer in mixing waste biomass wetted soil under moistube fertigation. The research results could provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for the popularization and application of new moistube fertigation technology.
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Yang, Yuting, and Gang Mei. "A Deep Learning-Based Approach for a Numerical Investigation of Soil–Water Vertical Infiltration with Physics-Informed Neural Networks." Mathematics 10, no. 16 (August 15, 2022): 2945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10162945.
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The infiltration of water into the soil can lead to slope instability, which is one of the important causes of many geological hazards (such as landslides and debris flows). Therefore, the numerical investigation of the soil–water infiltration process provides the prerequisite for the determination of slope stability, which is of great significance for geological hazard prevention. In this study, we propose a deep learning-based approach for a numerical investigation of soil–water vertical infiltration with physics-informed neural networks and perform a comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the soil–water infiltration process in different soil types. In the proposed approach, the partial differential equation for soil–water infiltration is combined with the neural network based on physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) to obtain numerical analysis of the soil–water infiltration process. The results indicate that (1) compared with the traditional numerical method, the PINN-based method for the numerical investigation of soil–water vertical infiltration proposed in this study has a smaller error and can obtain more accurate numerical results. (2) During vertical infiltration of water in the different soil types, the light loam is the fastest, the heavy-loam the second and the medium loam the slowest. medium-loam soils are less susceptible to water infiltration of the three soil types and are more suitable for the filling of artificial slopes and dams. The proposed approach could be employed for the simulation of soil–water infiltration processes, not only for the discrimination of slope stability under rainfall conditions, but also for the selection of artificial slopes and dams to fill soil to prevent slope instability.
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Levin, J., M. Ben-Hur, M. Gal, and GJ Levy. "Rain energy and soil amendments effects on infiltration and erosion of three different soil types." Soil Research 29, no. 3 (1991): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9910455.
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The effect of rain kinetic energy and soil amendments on infiltration and erosion from three Israeli soils was studied using a drip-type simulator. The soil samples were from the top layer (0-250 mm depth) of cultivated fields differing in their texture, specific surface area and lime content. Three kinetic energies of raindrops were obtained by varying heights of fall (h = 0.4, 1-0 and 1.6 m) of 3 mm diameter drops. The soil types studied were Typic Chromoxerert, Typic Rhodoxeralf and Calcic Haploxeralf. Soil amendments were phosphogypsum (PG) and a combined application of an anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) with PG. An increase in the impact energy of the raindrops reduced depth of rain before ponding, final infiltration rate (FIR), cumulative infiltration (i.e. infiltration parameters) and increased soil erosion. The addition of PAM+PG to the soil surface significantly increased the infiltration parameters and reduced erosion compared with the PG and control treatments. The Typic Chromoxerert was the least susceptible of the three soils to sealing, probably because of its high smectitic clay content, high specific surface area and high CaCO3 content which stabilize soil structure. The Typic Rhodoxeralf with the lowest specific surface area was the most susceptible to clay dispersion, and seal formation. Relative to the Typic Chromoxerert and the Typic Rhodoxeralf, the Calcic Haploxeralf was intermediate in its susceptibility to seal formation.
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Liu, Dongdong, Dongli She, Shuang’en Yu, Guangcheng Shao, and Dan Chen. "Predicted Infiltration for Sodic/Saline Soils from Reclaimed Coastal Areas: Sensitivity to Model Parameters." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/317870.
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This study was conducted to assess the influences of soil surface conditions and initial soil water content on water movement in unsaturated sodic soils of reclaimed coastal areas. Data was collected from column experiments in which two soils from a Chinese coastal area reclaimed in 2007 (Soil A, saline) and 1960 (Soil B, nonsaline) were used, with bulk densities of 1.4 or 1.5 g/cm3. A 1D-infiltration model was created using a finite difference method and its sensitivity to hydraulic related parameters was tested. The model well simulated the measured data. The results revealed that soil compaction notably affected the water retention of both soils. Model simulations showed that increasing the ponded water depth had little effect on the infiltration process, since the increases in cumulative infiltration and wetting front advancement rate were small. However, the wetting front advancement rate increased and the cumulative infiltration decreased to a greater extent whenθ0was increased. Soil physical quality was described better by theSparameter than by the saturated hydraulic conductivity since the latter was also affected by the physical chemical effects on clay swelling occurring in the presence of different levels of electrolytes in the soil solutions of the two soils.
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Alfa, M. I., H. I. Owamah, A. Ishaq, and D. B. Adie. "Assessment of Infiltration Rates and Index Properties of Soil in a Flood Prone Community, Kogi State, North Central Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 26, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 2059–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v26i12.21.
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The characteristics of Soil is one of the major factors that affect flooding. This study therefore was carried out to assess the infiltration rates and index properties of soil within a flood-prone community of Oforachi in Kogi State, Nigeria using appropriate standard methods. Data obtained showed that the average soil infiltration rate ranges from 1.89 – 3.24 cm/hr and the maximum infiltration rate range between 6.00 – 9.00 cm/hr, while the soil antecedent moisture content was between 15.00 – 42.48 %. Soil infiltration properties classification based on hydraulic conductivity and sieve analysis show that soils within the study area combine silt and clay characteristics which has strong relationship with the persistent flood experienced in the area.
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Cleophas, F., F. Isidore, B. Musta, B. N. Mohd Ali, M. Mahali, N. Z. Zahari, and K. Bidin. "Effect of soil physical properties on soil infiltration rates." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2314, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2314/1/012020.
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Abstract The physical properties of the soil are studied to understand the influence of soil properties on infiltration rate. The effect of soil physical properties on infiltration rates on logged-over forests was measured with a mini-disk infiltrometer across various levels of soil disturbances. Results of soil analysis suggest are mostly loamy texture and the bulk density has varied from 0.74 - 1.02 g cm−3, respectively. The basic infiltration rate has varied from a minimum of 0.61 mmhr−1 to a maximum of 45.22 mmhr−1 with an average of 3.81 mmhr−1. The results of simple regression analyses showed that there was little association between the physical properties of the soil and the infiltration rate. This study suggests that the high variation of infiltration rate in this study site is attributed to the high spatial variability of soil properties.
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Gu, Jiahui, Liang Chen, Yu Wan, Yaozong Teng, Shufa Yan, and Liang Hu. "Experimental Investigation of Water-Retaining and Unsaturated Infiltration Characteristics of Loess Soils Imbued with Microplastics." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010062.
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Microplastics are abundant in agricultural soils and have significant impacts on rainfall infiltration and soil water-retaining capacity. To explore the effect of microplastics on agricultural soil permeability by simulating the rainfall irrigation process, a one-dimensional vertical soil column rainfall infiltration test device was used to study the unsaturated infiltration characteristics of loess soil imbued with microplastics under rainfall conditions. The following conclusions could be obtained: the microplastic content (q), the microplastic particle size (p), and the soil density (γ) have effects on rainfall infiltration; the soil water-retaining capacity would be weakened owing to the existence of microplastics; and intermittent rainfall is preferred in agricultural irrigation. Finally, the permeability coefficient (k) and average flow rate (V) of the unsaturated soil are deduced together, and the relationship between the permeability coefficient (k) and the matrix suction (ψ) of the unsaturated loess soil containing microplastics is calculated by an example, proving good consistency between the experimental results and theoretical calculations. Microplastics represent negative effects on rainfall infiltration and soil water retention, so it is recommended to dispose of them.
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Bombino, Giuseppe, Pietro Denisi, Josè Gómez, and Demetrio Zema. "Water Infiltration and Surface Runoff in Steep Clayey Soils of Olive Groves under Different Management Practices." Water 11, no. 2 (January 31, 2019): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11020240.
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When olive groves are cultivated on clayey soils with steep gradients, as in many Mediterranean areas, reducing the runoff and soil erosion rates by adopting proper soil management practices is imperative. A soil cover by pruning residues may represent an alternative to the commonly adopted mechanical tillage. This study evaluates the water infiltration rates and surface runoff volumes in a steep and clayey olive grove of Southern Italy. These hydrological variables are measured at the plot scale under four soil management practices (mechanical tillage, total artificial protection of soil and soil cover with two different rates of vegetal residues). The measurements have been carried out using a rainfall simulator under dry (undisturbed) and wet (that is, on soils disturbed by intense rainfall) conditions. The mechanical tillage leads to lower water infiltration rates and higher runoff production. The retention of a soil cover by vegetal residues (in the range 3.5–17.5 tons/ha of dry matter) reduces the runoff rate on average by 30%, mainly because of the increased soil infiltration rates (over 100%, compared to mechanical tillage). After soil disturbance due to antecedent rainfall, the runoff generation capacity of a soil disturbed by a heavy precipitation significantly increased compared to undisturbed soils because of the decrease in soil infiltration rates. Overall, the retention of vegetal residues over the soil may be advisable to reduce surface runoff generation rates, particularly for saturated soils.
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Huang, Mingbin, S. Lee Barbour, Amin Elshorbagy, Julie D. Zettl, and Bing Cheng Si. "Infiltration and drainage processes in multi-layered coarse soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 91, no. 2 (May 2011): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss09118.
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Huang, M., Barbour, S. L., Elshorbagy, A., Zettl, J. D. and Si, B. C. 2011. Infiltration and drainage processes in multi-layered coarse soils. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 169–183. Infiltration and drainage processes in multi-layered soils are complicated by contrasting hydraulic properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performances of the hysteretic and non-hysteretic models to simulate the infiltration and drainage processes from three different natural soil profiles containing as many as 20 texturally different layers. Hydraulic properties were estimated from soil textures using pedotransfer functions and were calibrated and validated using measured water contents during infiltration and drainage phases, respectively. The results supported the use of the Arya-Paris pedotransfer function to estimate the wetting curve when contact angles are incorporated. The unique Kozeny-Carmen equation parameter was evaluated by optimizing the estimated saturated hydraulic conductivity. The calibrated numerical model (Hydrus-1D) accurately simulated soil water content profiles and water volumes during the infiltration and drainage phases. The mean error of prediction (MEP) between the measured and estimated soil water contents varied from –0.030 to 0.010 cm3 cm−3, and the standard deviation of prediction (SDP) from 0.003 to 0.057 cm3 cm−3. The simulation was improved for more heterogeneous soil profiles when hysteresis was taken into account. The measured and simulated results indicated that the soil profile with vertical heterogeneity in soil texture can store more water than the similar textured vertically homogeneous soils under drained conditions.
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Kovaříček, P., R. Šindelář, J. Hůla, and I. Honzík. "Measurement of water infiltration in soil using the rain simulation method." Research in Agricultural Engineering 54, No. 3 (August 20, 2008): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/711-rae.
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: For the measurement of the infiltration speed under operational conditions, we were equipped by a rain simulator with the measuring surface of 0.5 m<sup>2</sup>. The infiltration speed is determined from the defined rain intensity and water surface runoff from the measured surface. The retained water mass from the surface runoff is recorded at regular time intervals over the whole measuring period. The beginning of the water runoff from the measured surface indicates the beginning of elutriation. The measuring time is finished after the infiltration speed has been stabilised. The beginning of elutriation and infiltration speed stabilisation are typical and mutually comparable parameters for defined soil properties at the site followed.
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Liu, Ying, Yangnan Guo, Linli Long, and Shaogang Lei. "Soil Water Behavior of Sandy Soils under Semiarid Conditions in the Shendong Mining Area (China)." Water 14, no. 14 (July 7, 2022): 2159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14142159.
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The soil water behavior of sandy soils was studied under semiarid conditions in the Shendong mining area (China). The soil water content (θ) was measured under different depths and topographies using an HH2 moisture meter. The infiltration process was studied using a Guelph soil permeameter. A set of hydrodynamic variables was calculated in the laboratory. The θ of the first 20 cm was the lowest and increased with depth. The content of soil water increased from the top slope to the bottom slope. The infiltration experiments showed that the steady state infiltration rate was >40 mm h−1 in most cases. Owing to the higher contents of sand and soil macropores at the top of the slope and the top 0–20 cm of surface soil, the initial infiltration rate and steady infiltration rate were higher. The average available water capacity was 18.28%, which was consistent with the predominance of a sandy textural fraction. The results of a soil water retention curve and a rainfall simulation experiment showed that there was a low soil water retention capacity throughout the whole profile. This study contributes to the understanding of several aspects of the soil water behavior of sandy soils and provides key information for environmental management and land reclamation under semiarid conditions in the Shendong mining area.
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Czyżyk, Franciszek, and Zbigniew Świerkot. "Recharging infiltration of precipitation water through the light soil, in the absence of surface runoff." Journal of Water and Land Development 32, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jwld-2017-0003.
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Abstract The article presents the value of recharging infiltration of precipitation through the light soil and its distribution over time, based on five-year of lysimetric research. The effect of organic and mineral fertilization on the infiltration was studied. In lysimeters does not occur the phenomenon of surface runoff, and thus, by analogy, the results of the research can be applied to agriculturally used lowland areas with sandy soils. The results showed that the infiltration is very changeable in time. On its value, in addition to precipitation, the greatest influence has evapotranspiration. The largest infiltration occurs in March after the spring thaws (IE = 70-81% monthly precipitation) and the smallest in August (IE = 1.2-15.0% precipitation, depending on the type of fertilizer used and the level of fertilization). The soil fertilization, especially by using organic fertilizer (compost), is a factor, which has significantly influence on reduction of the recharging infiltration. The soil fertilization with compost reduced the infiltration of 7.4-9.0%, and with mineral fertilization of 5.4-7.0% of annual precipitation totals, compared with the infiltration through the soil not fertilized. The average annual index of infiltration was 21.8-25.3% of annual precipitation totals in variant of soil fertilized and 30.7% in case of the soil not fertilized.
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Witelski, T. P. "Horizontal infiltration into wet soil." Water Resources Research 34, no. 7 (July 1998): 1859–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98wr00775.
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Solekhudin, I. "Steady Infiltration in Heterogeneous Soil." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1108 (November 2018): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1108/1/012030.
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Dohnal, Michal, Tomas Vogel, Jaromir Dusek, Jana Votrubova, and Miroslav Tesar. "Interpretation of ponded infiltration data using numerical experiments." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 64, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/johh-2016-0020.
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AbstractPonded infiltration experiment is a simple test used for in-situ determination of soil hydraulic properties, particularly saturated hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity. It is known that infiltration process in natural soils is strongly affected by presence of macropores, soil layering, initial and experimental conditions etc. As a result, infiltration record encompasses a complex of mutually compensating effects that are difficult to separate from each other. Determination of sorptivity and saturated hydraulic conductivity from such infiltration data is complicated. In the present study we use numerical simulation to examine the impact of selected experimental conditions and soil profile properties on the ponded infiltration experiment results, specifically in terms of the hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity evaluation. The effect of following factors was considered: depth of ponding, ring insertion depth, initial soil water content, presence of preferential pathways, hydraulic conductivity anisotropy, soil layering, surface layer retention capacity and hydraulic conductivity, and presence of soil pipes or stones under the infiltration ring. Results were compared with a large database of infiltration curves measured at the experimental site Liz (Bohemian Forest, Czech Republic). Reasonably good agreement between simulated and observed infiltration curves was achieved by combining several of factors tested. Moreover, the ring insertion effect was recognized as one of the major causes of uncertainty in the determination of soil hydraulic parameters.
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Alaoui, Abdallah. "A Simple Method to Assess Key Soil Hydraulic Properties." Water 15, no. 3 (January 24, 2023): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15030467.
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We devised a simple infiltrometer to easily assess soil infiltration capacity and key soil hydraulic properties considering the impact of soil structure on soil infiltration. We conducted two series of five in situ infiltration experiments each on undisturbed forest and grassland soil of contrasting bulk densities and Ks, and one on six soil columns with mineral soil and various textures without structure. Finally, we measured saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), saturated water content and the van Genuchten parameters of these soils. Based on the obtained results, we found the best correlations to be exponential correlations between clay content and infiltrated water volume on the one hand and between clay content and the hydraulic properties on the other hand in all cases. Considering the infiltrated volume obtained by the infiltrometer and the measured soil parameters in mineral soil columns as references, we hypothesized that any change in hydraulic parameters of the natural soil is proportional to the change in infiltration volume. Thus, a second term accounting for water volume changes was therefore included in the correlation equations. The first validations of Ks values in forest soil showed good agreement with the laboratory measurements. Further investigations are needed to extend our validation to other soils with various textures.
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Folorunso, O., and J. Aribisala. "Effect of Soil Texture on Soil Infiltration Rate." Archives of Current Research International 14, no. 3 (July 24, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/acri/2018/41974.
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SOMMER, S. G., L. S. JENSEN, S. B. CLAUSEN, and H. T. SØGAARD. "Ammonia volatilization from surface-applied livestock slurry as affected by slurry composition and slurry infiltration depth." Journal of Agricultural Science 144, no. 3 (April 6, 2006): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859606006022.
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Volatilization of ammonia (NH3) from slurry applied in the field is considered a risk to the environment and reduces the fertilizer value of the slurry. To reduce volatilization a better understanding of the slurry–soil interaction is needed. Therefore, the present study focuses on measuring NH3 volatilization as affected by differences in infiltration. Livestock slurries with different dry matter (DM) composition and viscosity were included in the experiments by using untreated cattle and pig slurry, pig slurry anaerobically digested in a biogas plant and pig slurry anaerobically digested and physically separated. NH3 volatilization was measured using dynamic chambers and related to infiltration of the livestock slurries in the soil by measuring chloride (Cl−) and Total Ammoniacal Nitrogen (TAN=ammonium (NH4+)+NH3) concentrations in soil at different depths from 0·5 to 6·0 cm from the soil surface. The slurries were applied to sandy and sandy-loam soils packed in boxes within the chambers. There were no significant differences in relative volatilization of NH3 from untreated cattle and pig slurries, but anaerobic digestion of pig slurry increased volatilization due to increases in pH. However, physical separation of the digested slurry reduced the volatilization compared with untreated slurry, due to increased infiltration. In general, the volatilization decreased significantly with increased infiltration. The present study shows that NH3 volatilization from applied slurry can be related to infiltration and that infiltration is related to slurry composition (i.e. DM content and particle size distribution) and soil water content. The infiltration of liquid (measured by Cl− infiltration) was affected by soil water potential, therefore, Cl− infiltrated deeper into the sandy loam soil than the sandy soil at similar gravimetric soil water values. Dry matter (DM) and large particles (>1 mm) of the slurry reduced infiltration of liquid. A high proportion of small particles (<0·025 mm) facilitated infiltration of TAN.
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Ma, Lan, Junyou Li, and Jingjing Liu. "Effects of antecedent soil water content on infiltration and erosion processes on loessial slopes under simulated rainfall." Hydrology Research 51, no. 5 (April 15, 2020): 882–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2020.013.
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Abstract Soil texture and antecedent soil water content (ASWC) are primary factors governing hillslope hydrological and erosion processes. We used simulated rainfall to investigate the runoff and erosion processes on sloped plots with three loessial soils and analyzed the effects of soil texture and ASWC on the hydrological processes. The results demonstrated that the average infiltration rate decreased with increasing clay content (i.e., Ansai (AS) loamy sand > Fuxian (FX) clay loam > Yangling (YL) clay). ASWC had little effect on infiltration processes for the YL clay but exerted a significant influence on infiltration for the FX and AS soils; this implies that infiltration models for loamy soils must consider the effects of ASWC. The Horton model was found to describe infiltration processes in these loessial soils better than the Kostiakov or Philip models. The YL clay yielded much less sediment than the FX and AS soils, and its sediment yield rate gradually decreased with the rainfall duration. There was a negative relationship between clay content and sediment yield under high ASWC, but no clear relation under low ASWC. These erosion differences derived from the splash erosion for the YL clay, and the depressions or rills occurred on the loamy soil plots.
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Gray, D. M., P. G. Landine, and R. J. Granger. "Simulating infiltration into frozen Prairie soils in streamflow models." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 22, no. 3 (March 1, 1985): 464–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e85-045.
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A major limitation of existing operational systems when applied to forecasting or synthesizing streamflow from snowmelt on watersheds in many pans of central and northern Canada is that they are incapable of accurately simulating the process of infiltration into frozen soils. The results and discussion in the paper provide a method of overcoming the problem in areas of climatic and physiographic conditions similar to those of the Prairies.Details outlining the development of a model describing snowmelt infiltration into frozen soils are presented. The model is based on the concept that for practical purposes the infiltration potential of frozen soils may be generally categorized as (1) restricted: impervious; (2) unlimited: capable of infiltrating the snow-cover water equivalent; and (3) limited: infiltration is governed by the snow-cover water equivalent and the ice content of the soil at the time of melt. An empirical relationship for calculating infiltration into frozen soils of "limited" potential is given. The improvement in performance of the United States National Weather Service river forecasting system—Sacramento model (NWSRFS) in synthesizing streamflow from snowmelt on a small watershed in western Saskatchewan gained through the use of the infiltration model is demonstrated. Different procedures of interfacing an infiltration model with an operational system, the NWSRFS, are presented, discussed, and evaluated.
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Carter, MR, and GR Steed. "The effects of direct drilling and stubble retention on hydraulic properties at the surface of duplex soils in north-eastern Victoria." Soil Research 30, no. 4 (1992): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9920505.
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Soil hydraulic properties in the sandy clay loam surface horizon of duplex soils were assessed under cultivated, stubble burnt (CCB); direct drilling, stubble burnt (DDB); and direct drilling, stubble retained (DDR) systems for three wheat-lupin rotations, established from 7 to 10 years, in north-eastern Victoria. Disc permeameters were used to determine sorptivity and steady state infiltration in each rotation. A rainfall simulator was used on the 10 year rotation to characterize saturated infiltration and surface soil stability. Cultivation caused an increase in soil bulk density and decreased organic C at the soil surface. Application of a -40 mm water supply potential removed macropore flow from the infiltration process and mainly characterized water flow in the soil matrix. Differences in sorptivity among tillage treatments at this potential mainly reflected initial soil moisture, rather than soil structure. Sorptivity measured on soil cores was related (T = 0.74, P = 0.01)= to sorptivity measured in the field. Under Rainfall simulation , DDR increased sorptivity, wetting depth and time to runoff, and decreased runoff rate and sediment loss, compared with DDB and CCB. Overall, steady state infiltration rate was controlled over time by the permeability of lower soil horizons. The combination of disc permeameter and rainfall simulation measurements provided a useful description of unsaturated and saturated infiltration under field conditions. The DDR system improved the potential for saturated infiltration, maximized rainfall storage in the surface horizon, and increased the stability of macroporous infiltration.
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Zhang, Chong, and Enlong Liu. "Experimental study on moisture and heat migration and deformation properties of unsaturated soil column under a temperature gradient during rainfall infiltration." PLOS ONE 18, no. 6 (June 23, 2023): e0286973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286973.
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Mountainous areas in southwest China are rainy in summer. The rainfall infiltration process involves complex soil thermal-hydraulic-mechanical (THM) coupling problems. The researches on soil THM coupling are mostly focused on numerical simulations, whereas the corresponding model tests are relatively few, and the existing model test studies often ignore the effect of temperature gradients in the soil. However, temperature gradients in the soil can cause water migration and affect the THM behavior of soil, so it cannot be ignored. This paper describes an experimental device that can test the changes of temperature, moisture and displacement in unsaturated soil columns with temperature gradients under rainfall infiltration conditions. By using the apparatus, the model tests of homogeneous soil column (H), homogeneous soil column with infiltration (HI), and preferential flow soil column with infiltration (P) under different temperature gradients are respectively conducted, and the results of moisture and heat migration and deformation properties in soils under different conditions are presented and discussed. A rainfall of low intensity and long duration is applied in the experiments, and the temperature of infiltration rainwater is consistent with that of the soil upper boundary. The results show that: (1) The infiltration of rainfall will increase the temperature of the soil column. The appearance of preferential flow results in faster heat transfer within the soil column, but causes the steady-state temperature to be lower than that of the homogeneous soil (HI); (2) Under infiltration conditions, the preferential flow soil column has an earlier outflow time but a later time for water field to reach steady state, while its water distribution is different from that of the homogeneous soils, with accumulation occurring near the end of preferential flow channel; (3) Under the action of temperature gradient, water migration occurs in homogeneous soil column (H), accompanied by soil settlement, while the infiltrated columns (HI and P) exhibit an increase in both water content and top displacement. In addition, the larger the temperature gradient, the more obvious the thermally induced hydraulic-mechanical response. The research results in this paper can provide experimental evidence for the theoretical study and numerical simulation of the soil THM coupling problems.
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Treese, Daniel P., Shirley E. Clark, and Katherine H. Baker. "Nutrient Release from Disturbance of Infiltration System Soils during Construction." Advances in Civil Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/393164.
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Subsurface infiltration and surface bioretention systems composed of engineered and/or native soils are preferred tools for stormwater management. However, the disturbance of native soils, especially during the process of adding amendments to improve infiltration rates and pollutant removal, may result in releases of nutrients in the early life of these systems. This project investigated the nutrient release from two soils, one disturbed and one undisturbed. The disturbed soil was collected intact, but had to be air-dried, and the columns repacked when soil shrinkage caused bypassing of water along the walls of the column. The undisturbed soil was collected and used intact, with no repacking. The disturbed soil showed elevated releases of nitrogen and phosphorus compared to the undisturbed soil for approximately 0.4 and 0.8 m of runoff loading, respectively. For the undisturbed soil, the nitrogen release was delayed, indicating that the soil disturbance accelerated the release of nitrogen into a very short time period. Leaving the soil undisturbed resulted in lower but still elevated effluent nitrogen concentrations over a longer period of time. For phosphorus, these results confirm prior research which demonstrated that the soil, if shown to be phosphorus-deficient during fertility testing, can remove phosphorus from runoff even when disturbed.
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Hearman, A. J., and C. Hinz. "Sensitivity of point scale runoff predictions to rainfall resolution." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 6 (November 17, 2006): 3517–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-3-3517-2006.
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Abstract. This paper investigates the effects of using non-linear, high resolution rainfall, compared to time averaged rainfall on the triggering of hydrologic thresholds and therefore model predictions of infiltration excess and saturation excess runoff. The bounded random cascade model, parameterized to south western Australian rainfall, was used to scale rainfall intensities at various time resolutions ranging from 1.875 min to 2 h. A one dimensional, conceptual rainfall partitioning model was used that instantaneously partitions water into infiltration excess, infiltration, storage, deep drainage, saturation excess and surface runoff, where the fluxes into and out of the soil store are controlled by thresholds. For example, saturation excess is triggered when the soil water content reaches the storage capacity threshold. The results of the numerical modelling were scaled by relating soil infiltration properties to soil draining properties, and inturn, relating these to average storm intensities. By relating maximum soil infiltration capacities to saturated drainage rates (f*), we were able to split soils into two groups; those where all runoff is a result of infiltration excess alone (f*≤0.2) and those susceptible to both infiltration excess and saturation excess runoff (f*>0.2). For all soil types, we related maximum infiltration capacities to average storm intensities (k*) and were able to show where model predictions of infiltration excess were most sensitive to rainfall resolution (ln k=0.4) and where using time averaged rainfall data can lead to an under prediction of infiltration excess and an over prediction of the amount of water entering the soil (ln k*>2). For soils susceptible to both infiltration excess and saturation excess, total runoff sensitivity was scaled by relating saturated drainage rates to average storm intensities (g*) and parameter ranges where predicted runoff was dominated by infiltration excess or saturation excess depending on the resolution of rainfall data was determined (ln g*<2). Infiltration excess predicted from high resolution rainfall is short and intense, whereas saturation excess produced from low resolution rainfall is more constant and less intense. This has important implications for the accuracy of current hydrological models that use time averaged rainfall under these soil and rainfall conditions and predictions of further thresholds such as erosion. It offers insight into areas where the understanding of the dynamics of high resolution rainfall is required and a means by which we can improve our understanding of the way variations in rainfall intensities within a storm relate to hydrological thresholds and model predictions.
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Suryoputro, Nugroho, Widandi Soetopo, Ery S. Suhartanto, and Lily M. Limantara. "Evaluation of infiltration models for mineral soils with different land uses in the tropics." Journal of Water and Land Development 37, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jwld-2018-0034.
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AbstractThe aims of this study were to evaluate five infiltration models for mineral soils in the tropics with different land use types, such as settlements, plantations, rice fields, and forests. The infiltration models evaluated were Green–Ampt, Kostiakov, Kostiakov–Lewis, Philip, and Horton. The research was conducted at the Amprong watershed, Malang, Indonesia. The infiltration rate of the thirteen soil samples was analysed. The infiltration was tested using Turf-Tech infiltrometer. Moreover, each soil sample was tested in terms of the bulk density, specific gravity, porosity, soil moisture, and soil texture. The results of the study indicate that there is no significant difference (α = 5%) in the infiltration rate among the five models of infiltration. The infiltration rate in the study site was considered fast. Three models exhibiting the best performance are Kostiakov, Kostiakov–Lewis, and Horton model, respectively. The highest infiltration rate occurred in the forest land use while the lowest occurred in the rice field land use. The results of this study suggest that the infiltration model parameters correlate closely with the initial infiltration rate (fo) and the final infiltration rate (fc). In other words there is a correlation between the soil's ability to absorb water (representing the capillary force or horizontal flow) at the beginning of the infiltration (fo) and the gravity or the vertical flow upon reaching the final infiltration rate (fc).