Journal articles: 'Soil erosion Measurement'

1

Loughran, Robert J. "The measurement of soil erosion." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 13, no. 2 (June 1989): 216–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913338901300203.

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Pampalone, Vincenzo, Francesco Giuseppe Carollo, Alessio Nicosia, Vincenzo Palmeri, Costanza Di Stefano, Vincenzo Bagarello, and Vito Ferro. "Measurement of Water Soil Erosion at Sparacia Experimental Area (Southern Italy): A Summary of More than Twenty Years of Scientific Activity." Water 14, no. 12 (June 11, 2022): 1881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14121881.

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The main purpose of this article is to give a general idea of the scientific activity that was carried out starting from the 2000s on the basis of the data collected in the plots installed at the Sparacia experimental station for soil erosion measurement in Sicily, South Italy. The paper includes a presentation of the experimental site, a description of the methods and procedures for measuring soil erosion processes both available in the literature and applied at the Sparacia station (sediment sampling and water level reading in the storage tanks for total erosion measurements; profilometer, and Structure from Motion technique for rill erosion measurements), and the main results obtained in the monitoring period in the experimental site. The latter concern the effects of plot size and steepness on soil loss, the measurement variability, the frequency analysis of soil loss, the rill erosion characterization, and the comparison between rill and interrill erosion rates. Each of these topics is addressed with multi-temporal analyses performed with increasing size of the available database, which allowed to draw robust conclusions. Soil loss did not vary appreciably with plot length in contrast with the assumption made in the USLE/RUSLE. The variability of the measurements of soil loss, runoff volume, and sediment concentration at the event scale in replicated plots decreased as the mean measured value increased. The normalized event soil loss was distributed according to a two-component distribution. A power relationship between rill volumes and lengths was established. The measurements also confirmed the morphological similarity between the channels of the rills and ephemeral gullies described by a power dimensionless relationship. Rill erodibility of the sampled clay soil varied over time, maintaining relatively low values. Finally, rill erosion was dominant relative to interrill erosion, and a more efficient sediment transport system through the rill network occurred as plot steepness increased.

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Konz, N., V. Prasuhn, and C. Alewell. "On the measurement of alpine soil erosion." CATENA 91 (April 2012): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2011.09.010.

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Knox, Jessica E., and Aaron R. Mittelstet. "Application of an Ultrasonic Sensor to Monitor Soil Erosion and Deposition." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 3 (2021): 963–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14236.

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HighlightsA sediment monitoring system was developed to measure erosion and deposition.The system uses an ultrasonic sensor to take high-frequency measurements.Tests in controlled lab settings showed high accuracy.The system measured 43.5 cm of deposition from two storm events.Abstract. Monitoring erosion at high temporal resolution can provide researchers and managers the data necessary to manage erosion. Current erosion monitoring methods tend to be invasive to the area of interest, record low-frequency measurements, have a narrow spatial range of measurement, or are expensive. There is a need for an affordable system capable of monitoring erosion and deposition non-invasively at high temporal resolution. The objectives of this research were to (1) design and construct a non-invasive sediment monitoring system (SMS) using an ultrasonic sensor capable of monitoring erosion and deposition continuously, (2) test the system in the lab and field, and (3) determine the applications and limitations of the system. The SMS was tested in the lab to determine the extent to which the soil type, slope, surface topography, change in distance, and vegetation impacted the measurements of the ultrasonic sensor. Soil type, slope, and surface topography had little effect on the measurement, but distance and the introduction of vegetation impacted the measurement. In the field during high flows, as erosion and deposition occurred, the changes in distance were determined in near real-time, allowing calculation of erosion and deposition quantities. The SMS was deployed to monitor deposition on sandy streambanks in the Nebraska Sandhills and erosion on a streambank and field plot in Lincoln, Nebraska. The SMS proved successful in measuring sediment change during high-flow events but yielded some error: ±1.06 mm in controlled lab settings and ±10.79 mm when subjected to environmental factors such as temperature, relative humidity, and wind. Keywords: Deposition, Erosion, Monitoring, Ultrasonic sensor.

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Deumlich, D., A. Jha, and G. Kirchner. "Comparing measurements, ⁷Be radiotracer technique and process-based erosion model for estimating short-term soil loss from cultivated land in Northern Germany." Soil and Water Research 12, No. 3 (June 28, 2017): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/124/2016-swr.

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Due to changing climate and irregular weather patterns, event-based soil loss and sediment yield have become important issues in the agricultural areas. Several mathematical models and prediction methodologies have been used to estimate event-based soil loss and soil redistribution based on soil types, land management, hydrology and local topography. The use of short-lived beryllium-7 as a means of estimating event-based soil erosion/deposition rates has become an alternative to the traditional soil loss measurement methods. A new erosion model taking into account the movement of 7Be in soils has been presented recently. In order to direct the attention to the potential offered by this technique (measurements and mathematical model), a two-year study was performed at the erosion plots in Müncheberg, Germany, and twelve individual erosion rates were estimated. This paper presents a systematic comparison of the non-steady state 7Be model with the process-based erosion model EROSION-3D and measured data. The results demonstrate a close consistency between the erosion rates estimated by erosion models and the estimates provided by the 7Be model and can therefore be seen as a promising contribution to validating the use of this radionuclide to document short-term soil redistribution within the plot and deposited sediment at the bottom of the plot.

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Xie, Liquan, Xin Liang, and Tsung-Chow Su. "Measurement of pressure in viewable hole erosion test." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 55, no. 10 (October 2018): 1502–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2017-0292.

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The hole erosion test (HET) is commonly used to study the occurrence of internal soil erosion when water concentrated leaks occur. This erosion is known as “piping” in soil mechanics. Piping erosion is invisible and occurs randomly within the soil body. Therefore, to gain a better understanding of how piping erosion develops, it would be helpful to utilize a viewable HET design in which the dynamics of the piping hole can be observed directly. In this note, a new HET apparatus is presented that can be used to observe the development of piping erosion and to monitor the dynamic pressure condition during the hole erosion process. A preliminary model test was carried out based on the new viewable HET apparatus and “pressure heads” monitoring technique. The results successfully verified the performance of the proposed apparatus and experimental methods during the process of hole erosion, indicating that the hole shape changes during continuous erosion and is not fully symmetrical because of the initial profile of the hole. The internal hole becomes increasingly curved when subjected to continuous piping flow. Test results agree with the numerical simulation reported in 2015 by Riha and Jandora, who considered the effect of the hole entrance shape.

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Clemens, Christoph, Mario Radschun, Annette Jobst, Jörg Himmel, and Olfa Kanoun. "Detection of Density Changes in Soils with Impedance Spectroscopy." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 1568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041568.

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Measurement of soil parameters, such as moisture, density and density change, can provide important information for evaluating the stability of earthwork structures and for structural health monitoring. To ensure the stability of flood protection dikes, erosion at the contact zones of different soil zones must be avoided. In this work we propose the use of impedance spectroscopy to measure changes in density and volume caused by contact erosion. Erosion leads generally to a volume decrease in the contact zones between soils with different grain sizes and, consequently, to cavities in the dike structure. For this purpose, a proctor mould was developed for emulating contact erosion and the realisation of impedance measurements. Experimental investigations show a correlation between volume change of the soils in the proctor mould and impedance value. For a volume change of soil in the range of approximately 1.5% to 5.3%, an impedance change arises in the range of 17.2% to 29.8%. With several investigations we proof, that it is possible to detect material transport by impedance spectroscopy.

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Kimiaghalam, N., S. Clark, H. Ahmari, and J. Hunt. "Wave-current induced erosion of cohesive riverbanks in northern Manitoba, Canada." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 367 (March 3, 2015): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-367-134-2015.

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Abstract. The field of cohesive soil erosion is still not fully understood, in large part due to the many soil parameters that affect cohesive soil erodibility. This study is focused on two channels, 2-Mile and 8-Mile channels in northern Manitoba, Canada, that were built to connect Lake Winnipeg with Playgreen Lake and Playgreen Lake with Kiskikittogisu Lake, respectively. The banks of the channels consist of clay rich soils and alluvial deposits of layered clay, silts and sands. The study of erosion at the sites is further complicated because the flow-induced erosion is combined with the effects of significant wave action due to the large fetch length on the adjacent lakes, particularly Lake Winnipeg that is the seventh largest lake in North America. The study included three main components: field measurements, laboratory experiments and numerical modelling. Field measurements consisted of soil sampling from the banks and bed of the channels, current measurements and water sampling. Grab soil samples were used to measure the essential physical and electrochemical properties of the riverbanks, and standard ASTM Shelby tube samples were used to estimate the critical shear stress and erodibility of the soil samples using an erosion measurement device (EMD). Water samples were taken to estimate the sediment concentration profile and also to monitor changes in sediment concentration along the channels over time. An Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) was used to collect bathymetry and current data, and two water level gauges have been installed to record water levels at the entrance and outlet of the channels. The MIKE 21 NSW model was used to simulate waves using historical winds and measured bathymetry of the channels and lakes. Finally, results from the wave numerical model, laboratory tests and current measurement were used to estimate the effect of each component on erodibility of the cohesive banks.

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Kalkan, Kristina S., Sofija Forkapić, Slobodan B. Marković, Kristina Bikit, Milivoj B. Gavrilov, Radislav Tošić, Dušan Mrđa, and Robert Lakatoš. "The application of137Cs and210Pbexmethods in soil erosion research of Titel loess plateau, Vojvodina, Northern Serbia." Open Geosciences 12, no. 1 (February 11, 2020): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0002.

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AbstractSoil erosion is one of the largest global problems of environmental protection and sustainable development, causing serious land degradation and environmental deterioration. The need for fast and accurate soil rate assessment of erosion and deposition favors the application of alternative methods based on the radionuclide measurement technique contrary to long-term conventional methods. In this paper, we used gamma spectrometry measurements of 137Cs and unsupported 210Pbex in order to quantify the erosion on the Titel Loess Plateau near the Tisa (Tisza) River in the Vojvodina province of Serbia. Along the slope of the study area and in the immediate vicinity eight representative soil depth profiles were taken and the radioactivity content in 1 cm thick soil layers was analyzed. Soil erosion rates were estimated according to the profile distribution model and the diffusion and migration model for undisturbed soil. The net soil erosion rates, estimated by 137Cs method range from −2.3 t ha−1 yr−1 to −2.7 t ha−1 yr−1, related to the used conversion model which is comparable to published results of similar studies of soil erosion in the region. Vertical distribution of natural radionuclides in soil profiles was also discussed and compared with the profile distribution of unsupported 210Pbex measurements. The use of diffusion and migration model to convert the results of 210Pbex activities to soil redistribution rates indicates a slightly higher net erosion of −3.7 t ha−1 yr−1 with 98% of the sediment delivery ratio.

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10

Rydgren, Bernt. "Soil erosion; its measurement, effects and prediction. Case study from the southern Lesotho lowlands." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 40, no. 4 (December 12, 1996): 429–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfg/40/1996/429.

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11

Hai, Chun-xing, Bao-yuan Liu, Ye Zhao, Peng-fei Du, Xiao-yu Yuan, Hong-Tao Jiang, Rui-rong Zhou, and Jing Wang. "A New Instrument for Testing Wind Erosion by Soil Surface Shape Change." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2009 (2009): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/491570.

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Wind erosion, a primary cause of soil degeneration, is a problem in arid and semiarid areas throughout the world. Many methods are available to study soil erosion, but there is no an effective method for making quantitative measurements in the field. To solve this problem, we have developed a new instrument that can measure the change in the shape of the soil surface, allowing quick quantification of wind erosion. In this paper, the construction and principle of the new instrument are described. Field experiments are carried out using the instrument, and the data are analyzed. The erosion depth is found to vary by 11% compared to the average for measurement areas ranging from to . The results show that the instrument is convenient and reliable for quantitatively measuring wind erosion in the field.

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Fox, Garey A., Lucie Guertault, Celso Castro-Bolinaga, Peter Allen, Kari A. Bigham, Stephane Bonelli, Sherry Lynn Hunt, et al. "Perspective: Lessons Learned, Challenges, and Opportunities in Quantifying Cohesive Soil Erodibility with the Jet Erosion Test (JET)." Journal of the ASABE 65, no. 2 (2022): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/ja.14714.

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HighlightsThe JET is a key instrument for in situ and laboratory measurement of soil erodibility.Operation and reporting guidelines are needed to ensure consistency across JETs and applications.JET design improvements and hydrodynamic studies are needed to inform proper analyses and limit operator effects.Erodibility databases should be developed that report JET, soil, and fluid properties. Keywords: Cohesive soils, Critical shear stress, Erodibility, Erosion, Jet Erosion Test, Scour.

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Liu, Yi-Hsin, Dong-Huang Li, Walter Chen, Bor-Shiun Lin, Uma Seeboonruang, and Fuan Tsai. "Soil Erosion Modeling and Comparison Using Slope Units and Grid Cells in Shihmen Reservoir Watershed in Northern Taiwan." Water 10, no. 10 (October 3, 2018): 1387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10101387.

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Soil erosion is a global problem that will become worse as a result of climate change. While many parts of the world are speculating about the effect of increased rainfall intensity and frequency on soil erosion, Taiwan’s mountainous areas are already facing the power of rainfall erosivity more than six times the global average. To improve the modeling ability of extreme rainfall conditions on highly rugged terrains, we use two analysis units to simulate soil erosion at the Shihmen reservoir watershed in northern Taiwan. The first one is the grid cell method, which divides the study area into 10 m by 10 m grid cells. The second one is the slope unit method, which divides the study area using natural breaks in landform. We compared the modeling results with field measurements of erosion pins. To our surprise, the grid cell method is much more accurate in predicting soil erosion than the slope unit method, although the slope unit method resembles the real terrains much better than the grid cell method. The average erosion pin measurement is 6.5 mm in the Shihmen reservoir watershed, which is equivalent to 90.6 t ha−1 yr−1 of soil erosion.

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Tubalov, A. A. "Use of digital characteristics of soil color for assessing the degree of soil erosion." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1045, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1045/1/012076.

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Abstract The present study is aimed at developing and improving approaches to assessment of the degree of soil erosion. The transition from verbal to digital form of determining the color of soils expands the possibilities of using this morphological feature. It allows determining the thickness of soil horizons based on the data of laboratory analysis of the color of soil samples. The methodological basis of the study is represented with the index method or the method of field standardization of territories. According to this method, the main contour of the soil is characterized by a full-profile soil pit, and soil changes caused by the relief near the main pit are estimated by changes in the characteristics of soil layers. Measurement of the latter was carried out in the course of the laboratory analysis of soil samples selected by soil drilling. As a result of the study, the soil color coordinates were determined in the CAI Lab system. Their values correspond to the soil samples of the southern chernozem taken at a depth of 1 meter every 10 centimeters. The linear nature of interconnection between the index of organic carbon content in the soil samples and the corresponding values of the lightness index in the CAI Lab color model was confirmed. The soil samples with varying degrees of erosion were identified in a research object: soils of watersheds unaffected by erosion processes; moderately eroded soils of hollows exposed to water erosion; drift soils of the mouth of hollows.

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Stanchi, S., M. Freppaz, E. Ceaglio, M. Maggioni, K. Meusburger, C. Alewell, and E. Zanini. "Soil erosion in an avalanche release site (Valle d'Aosta: Italy): towards a winter factor for RUSLE in the Alps." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 7 (July 16, 2014): 1761–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-1761-2014.

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Abstract. Soil erosion in Alpine areas is mainly related to extreme topographic and weather conditions. Although different methods of assessing soil erosion exist, the knowledge of erosive forces of the snow cover needs more investigation in order to allow soil erosion modeling in areas where the snow lays on the ground for several months. This study aims to assess whether the RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) empirical prediction model, which gives an estimation of water erosion in t ha yr−1 obtained from a combination of five factors (rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, topography, soil cover, protection practices) can be applied to mountain areas by introducing a winter factor (W), which should account for the soil erosion occurring in winter time by the snow cover. The W factor is calculated from the ratio of Ceasium-137 (137Cs) to RUSLE erosion rates. Ceasium-137 is another possible way of assessing soil erosion rates in the field. In contrast to RUSLE, it not only provides water-induced erosion but integrates all erosion agents involved. Thus, we hypothesize that in mountain areas the difference between the two approaches is related to the soil erosion by snow. In this study we compared 137Cs-based measurement of soil redistribution and soil loss estimated with RUSLE in a mountain slope affected by avalanches, in order to assess the relative importance of winter erosion processes such as snow gliding and full-depth avalanches. Three subareas were considered: DS, avalanche defense structures, RA, release area, and TA, track area, characterized by different prevalent winter processes. The RUSLE estimates and the 137Cs redistribution gave significantly different results. The resulting ranges of W evidenced relevant differences in the role of winter erosion in the considered subareas, and the application of an avalanche simulation model corroborated these findings. Thus, the higher rates obtained with the 137Cs method confirmed the relevant role of winter soil erosion. Despite the limited sample size (11 points), the inclusion of a W factor in RUSLE seems promising for the improvement of soil erosion estimates in Alpine environments affected by snow movements.

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Zhang, Zhongdian, Liang Liu, Mingbin Huang, Feiyan Chen, Jiqiang Niu, and Minghua Liu. "Feasibility of soil erosion measurement using time domain reflectometry." CATENA 218 (November 2022): 106571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2022.106571.

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Dennis C. Flanagan, James C. Ascough II, John L. Nieber, Debasmita Misra, and Kyle R. Douglas-Mankin. "Advances in Soil Erosion Research: Processes, Measurement, and Modeling." Transactions of the ASABE 56, no. 2 (2013): 455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.42666.

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Rieke-Zapp, Dirk H., and Mark A. Nearing. "Digital close range photogrammetry for measurement of soil erosion." Photogrammetric Record 20, no. 109 (March 2005): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.2005.00305.x.

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HU, Guo-Qing, Yuan-Jie DONG, Hui WANG, Xian-Kui QIU, and Yan-Hua WANG. "Laboratory Testing of Magnetic Tracers for Soil Erosion Measurement." Pedosphere 21, no. 3 (June 2011): 328–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1002-0160(11)60133-1.

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Bagarello, Vincenzo, and Vito Ferro. "Calibrating storage tanks for soil erosion measurement from plots." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 23, no. 13 (December 1998): 1151–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9837(199812)23:13<1151::aid-esp929>3.0.co;2-7.

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Varga, Viktor, Lenka Lackoóvá, Jozef Streďanský, and Tomáš Urban. "Comparison of Volumetric and Deflametric Method with Wind Erosion Equation (WEQ) to Determine Soil Erosion by Wind Events on Selected Soil Unit / Porovnanie Volumetrickej s Deflametrickej Metódy s Rovnicou Veternej Erózie Pre Určenie Pôdnej Erózie Spôsobenej Účinkami Vetra na Vybraných Pôdnych Jednotkách." Acta Horticulturae et Regiotectuare 16, no. 1 (September 1, 2013): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ahr-2013-0005.

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Abstract Despite the fact that wind erosion seriously affects the sustainable use of land in large part of the world and even though in Slovakia there is not that big percentage of agricultural land influence by wind erosion it still has an effect on the soil. Valid wind erosion model that predicts wind-blown mass transport on regional scale is lacking. The objective of this research was to compare two empiric methods to determine wind erosion. One of them is deflametric method, in which we capture soil units in one hour during wind erosion events. Second method we used was volumetric method where we calculate amount of eroded soil behind the wind barrier. With deflametric method we determined that actual wind speed needed to lift and carry soil unites is 9 - 10 m.s-1. With volumetric calculation we found out that our measurement is 1.7 times higher than in WEQ model. We can say that models can portray certain areas and soil types, but only field measurement can provide precise amount of eroded soil on particular land.

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Mohamad, N. A., A. Nainar, K. V. Annammala, D. Sugumaran, M. H. Jamal, and Z. Yusop. "Soil erosion in disturbed forests and agricultural plantations in tropical undulating terrain: in situ measurement using a laser erosion bridge method." Journal of Water and Climate Change 11, no. 4 (October 9, 2019): 1032–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2019.063.

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Abstract The rapid growth of agricultural plantations and climatic extremes has raised concerns pertaining to enhanced soil erosion. Soil erosion studies are still relatively limited in Malaysia. In this study, soil erosion in four sites such as high conservation value forests (HCVFs), logged forest (LF), mature oil palm (MOP), and mature rubber (MR) within the Kelantan River Basin was measured. A total of 3,207 measurements were conducted via the Modified Laser Erosion Bridge in all sites over 1 year. Results of soil erosion are 87.63, 25.45, 8.44, and 5.90 t ha−1 yr−1 for the HCVF, LF, MOP and MR, respectively – classified as very severe (HCVF), very high (LF), moderate (MP) and slight (MR) according to the Indian condition classification. Steep slope gradient (significant positive correlation to erosion) and logging are the main factors attributed to the high erosion rates. This is to be further explored in the future and more detailed studies should be conducted on the HCVF and LF areas, respectively. Mitigation measures and sustainable agricultural practices should be planned to control and reduce soil erosion.

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Pagoulatos, Angelos, David L. Debertin, and Fachurrozi Sjarkowi. "Soil Erosion, Intertemporal Profit, and the Soil Conservation Decision." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 21, no. 2 (December 1989): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200001175.

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AbstractThis study developed an intertemporal profit function to determine optimal conservation adoption strategies under alternative scenarios with respect to crop prices, relative yields, discount rates, and other assumptions. Special emphasis was placed on determining from the analysis when the switchover from conventional to soil-conserving practices should take place. Technological change was incorporated by allowing crop yields to vary over time. Our analysis thus provides a new, more precise measurement of the cumulative net benefit differential. The optimal period for switchover from conventional to soil-conserving practices was found to vary depending on the assumptions made about corn prices and discount rates. Empirical results were based on an erosion damage function (EDF) for Western Kentucky corn production.

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Mazur, Rafał, Magdalena Ryżak, Agata Sochan, Michał Beczek, Cezary Polakowski, and Andrzej Bieganowski. "Soil Deformation after Water Drop Impact—A Review of the Measurement Methods." Sensors 23, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010121.

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Water erosion is an unfavorable phenomenon causing soil degradation. One of the factors causing water erosion is heavy or prolonged rainfall, the first effect of which is the deformation of the soil surface and the formation of microcraters. This paper presents an overview of research methods allowing the study of microcraters as well as the process of their formation. A tabular summary of work on the measurements of various quantities describing the craters is presented. The said quantities are divided into three groups: (i) static quantities, (ii) dynamic quantities, and (iii) dimensionless parameters. The most important measurement methods used to study crater properties, such as (i) basic manual measurement methods, (ii) photography, (iii) high-speed imaging, (iv) profilometers, (v) 3D surface modelling, and (vi) computed tomography (CT) and its possibilities and limitations are discussed. The main challenges and prospects of research on soil surface deformation are also presented.

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Alexiou, Simoni, Georgios Deligiannakis, Aggelos Pallikarakis, Ioannis Papanikolaou, Emmanouil Psomiadis, and Klaus Reicherter. "Comparing High Accuracy t-LiDAR and UAV-SfM Derived Point Clouds for Geomorphological Change Detection." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 6 (May 29, 2021): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10060367.

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Analysis of two small semi-mountainous catchments in central Evia island, Greece, highlights the advantages of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) based change detection methods. We use point clouds derived by both methods in two sites (S1 & S2), to analyse the effects of a recent wildfire on soil erosion. Results indicate that topsoil’s movements in the order of a few centimetres, occurring within a few months, can be estimated. Erosion at S2 is precisely delineated by both methods, yielding a mean value of 1.5 cm within four months. At S1, UAV-derived point clouds’ comparison quantifies annual soil erosion more accurately, showing a maximum annual erosion rate of 48 cm. UAV-derived point clouds appear to be more accurate for channel erosion display and measurement, while the slope wash is more precisely estimated using TLS. Analysis of Point Cloud time series is a reliable and fast process for soil erosion assessment, especially in rapidly changing environments with difficult access for direct measurement methods. This study will contribute to proper georesource management by defining the best-suited methodology for soil erosion assessment after a wildfire in Mediterranean environments.

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Prove, BG, VJ Doogan, and PNV Truong. "Nature and magnitude of soil erosion in sugarcane land on the wet tropical coast of north-eastern Queensland." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, no. 5 (1995): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950641.

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This paper reports measures of soil erosion in sloping sugarcane land under conventional cultivation and various no-tillage surface management techniques and explores the reasons for the differences measured. Soil erosion from conventionally cultivated ratoon cane lands was measured in the range 47-505 t/ha.year, with an average annual loss of 148 t/ha.year. No-tillage practices reduced this erosion to <15 t/ha.year. Groundcover did not affect soil erosion significantly. In the absence of hydrological data, it is anticipated that consolidation of the soil surface at harvest, rather than ground surface cover, is the dominant factor reducing soil erosion. The effect of groundcover on soil erosion is less than the accuracy of the measurement techniques employed (� 20 t/ha.year). Physical and chemical analyses of in situ and eroded soil indicate that sediment from the no-tillage practice may be transported further from the erosion site and carry a more mobile fraction of nutrients.

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Seutloali, Khoboso Elizabeth, and Heinrich Reinhard Beckedahl. "A Review Of Road‒Related Soil Erosion: An Assessment Of Causes, Evaluation Techniques And Available Control Measures." Earth Sciences Research Journal 19, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v19n1.43841.

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Road construction has increased significantly worldwide in the last decades to meet the demands of the increasing human population and this has led to serious soil erosion problems, the bulk of which is unaccounted for, especially in the developing world. For comprehensive land management decisions and monitoring strategies, a review of work that has been done to assess soil erosion due to roads is critical. This article, therefore, reviews the causes of road‒related soil erosion, assessment methods and available control measures. Specifically, work provides an overview of (i) the linkages between roads and soil erosion; (ii) measurement and prediction of road‒related erosion; and (iii) erosion control and rehabilitation techniques. Literature shows that road construction results in hill-slope profile modification; removal of vegetation cover; as well as the formation of steep slopes that are prone to severe erosion. Furthermore, there is a variety of erosion control measures for controlling road‒related erosion although no study has demonstrated the method that is cost efficient and operational across different landscapes. We are of the view that this study provides guidance in future research on road‒related soil erosion across the developing world were sophisticated monitoring techniques are limited due to resource scarcity for assessing large areas. ResumenLa construcción de carreteras se ha incrementado ampliamente en todo el mundo durante las últimas décadas para cumplir con las demandas de la creciente población humana, lo que ha llevado a serios problemas de erosión de suelos, muchos de los cuales no se previeron, especialmente, en los países en desarrollo. Sobre las decisiones y supervisión de estrategias de un manejo completo del terreno se realizó una revisión al crítico trabajo que se ha hecho para medir la erosión en suelos causados por las carreteras. Por esta razón, este artículo revisa las causas de la erosion relacionada con la construcción de rutas y evalúa los métodos y medidas de control disponibles. Específicamente, este trabajo ofrece una revisión de (a) las relaciones entre las carreteras y la erosión de los suelos; (b) la medida y la predicción de la erosión vinculada a las carreteras, y (c) las técnicas de control de erosión y rehabilitación. La literature muestra que la construcción de carreteras produce modificaciones en el perfil inclinación, remueve la vegetación superficial y aumenta la inclinación en pendientes propensas a erosión severa. Además, existen varias medidas para controlar la erosión causada por la construcción de carreteras, a pesar de que ningún estudio ha demostrado el método que sea más eficiente y operacional para diferentes paisajes. Este estudio guía futuras investigaciones en la erosion causada por la construcción de caminos en los países en desarrollo donde las técnicas de supervisión sofísticas para la evaluación de grandes áreas son limitadas debido a la escasez de recursos.

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Filin, S., N. Goldshleger, S. Abergel, and R. Arav. "Robust erosion measurement in agricultural fields by colour image processing and image measurement." European Journal of Soil Science 64, no. 1 (February 2013): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12010.

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Hong, Se-Woon, In-Bok Lee, Il-Hwan Seo, Kyeong-Seok Kwon, Tae-Wan Kim, Young-Hwan Son, and Minyoung Kim. "Measurement and prediction of soil erosion in dry field using portable wind erosion tunnel." Biosystems Engineering 118 (February 2014): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2013.11.003.

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ZORIN, D. A. "INTRODUCTION OF VACCINIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM AIT." Izvestiâ Timirâzevskoj selʹskohozâjstvennoj akademii, no. 4 (2022): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/0021-342x-2022-4-26-32.

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The article presents the results of the computational method for determining the potential danger of water erosion and quantitative agrophysical and agrochemical indicators obtained by traditional methods of their direct measurement. When calculating losses as a result of water erosion in agro-sodpodzolic loamy weak eroded soil, the universal soil loss equation of Wischmeier and Smith (1965) was used, the variables in which are the erosive power of precipitation, erosiveness of soil, length and steepness of slope, character of vegetative ground cover and influence of erosion control soil protection measures. The obtained values of soil losses from 1,8 to 12,1 t/ha a year are confirmed by the change of soil organic matter content during the rotation of six-course grain-grass-fallow crop rotation from 2,48 to 1,65% according to I.V. Tyurin depending on agrochemical background as well as soil density 1,31–1,60 g/cm3, its structural state and content of microaggregates unstable to water erosion from 7,3 to 14,6%. The dependence of the selected informative signs on the system of main tillage of agrosod- podzolic loamy soil has been determined. Сlose correlations between the content of microaggregates and soil density (r = – 0,49) and the content of organic matter related to it (r = – 0,74) were established. The analysis of variance allowed to trace the influence of the main tillage system on the accumulation and distribution of in the arable horizon at different levels of the fertility of the agro-sod-podzolic loamy soil. The more intensive development of erosion processes at the annual plowing was revealed.

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TRONINA, L. O., and I. M. KUDRYAVCEV. "VALIDATION OF WATER EROSION PREDICTION METHODOLOGY BY ACTUAL CHANGES IN FERTILITY INDICATORS OF AGRO-SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL." Izvestiâ Timirâzevskoj selʹskohozâjstvennoj akademii, no. 4 (2022): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/0021-342x-2022-4-16-25.

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The article presents the results of the computational method for determining the potential danger of water erosion and quantitative agrophysical and agrochemical indicators obtained by traditional methods of their direct measurement. When calculating losses as a result of water erosion in agro-sodpodzolic loamy weak eroded soil, the universal soil loss equation of Wischmeier and Smith (1965) was used, the variables in which are the erosive power of precipitation, erosiveness of soil, length and steepness of slope, character of vegetative ground cover and influence of erosion control soil protection measures. The obtained values of soil losses from 1,8 to 12,1 t/ha a year are confirmed by the change of soil organic matter content during the rotation of six-course grain-grass-fallow crop rotation from 2,48 to 1,65% according to I.V. Tyurin depending on agrochemical background as well as soil density 1,31–1,60 g/cm3, its structural state and content of microaggregates unstable to water erosion from 7,3 to 14,6%. The dependence of the selected informative signs on the system of main tillage of agrosod- podzolic loamy soil has been determined. Сlose correlations between the content of microaggregates and soil density (r = – 0,49) and the content of organic matter related to it (r = – 0,74) were established. The analysis of variance allowed to trace the influence of the main tillage system on the accumulation and distribution of in the arable horizon at different levels of the fertility of the agro-sod-podzolic loamy soil. The more intensive development of erosion processes at the annual plowing was revealed.

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Tucker-Kulesza, Stacey E., Gretchen F. Sassenrath, Tri Tran, Weston Koehn, and Lauren Erickson. "Site-Specific Erodibility in Claypan Soils: Dependence on Subsoil Characteristics." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 33, no. 5 (2017): 705–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12120.

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Abstract. Soil erosion is a primary factor limiting the productive capacity of many crop production fields and contributing to sediment and nutrient impairments of water bodies. Loss of topsoil is especially critical for areas of limited topsoil depth, such as the claypan area of the central United States. More than a century of conventional agricultural practices have eroded the topsoil and, in places, exposed the unproductive clay layer. This clay layer is impervious, limiting water infiltration and root penetration, and severely restricting agricultural productivity. Previous studies have documented changes in topsoil thickness using apparent electrical conductivity (ECa). However, that methodology is limited by its shallow depth of measurement within the soil profile, and as such cannot adequately explore factors within the soil profile that potentially contribute to topsoil erosion. In this study, we identified areas of limited topsoil depth using crop yields and ECa. Two areas within the production field varying in crop production and ECa were selected for detailed measurements using Electrical Resistivity Tomography. This methodology allowed delineation of soil stratigraphy to a depth of 5.3 m. The erodibility of undisturbed soil samples from the two areas were measured in an Erosion Function Apparatus to obtain the critical shear stress, or the applied stress at which soil begins to erode. Based on resistivity measurement, the highly productive region of the field had a thick (1.0-2.0 m) soil layer of saturated clayey sand soil over a uniform sandy material, with minimal clay layer. This soil had a critical shear stress of 12 Pa. The extent of historical erosion was evident in the poorly-producing area, as only a thin band of topsoil material remained over a thicker clay layer. The unproductive area with exposed clay layer had a critical shear stress of 128 Pa, indicating it was more resistant to erosion than the highly productive region. The clay layer was found to extend to 1.3-1.5 m in depth in the soil profile in the poorly producing area. Below this layer was a layer with similar resistivity to the high-producing region. The data reveal the extent of historical erosion within the crop production field and highlight significant variability in measured soil properties within a field of identical production practices. While spatial variations in topsoil have long been considered in developing management practices to improve soil health and productive capacity, our results indicate the importance of identifying variability of subsoil characteristics to address long-term impacts on soil erosion and productivity. Keywords: Soil erosion, Soil electrical conductivity, Claypan soil, Productive capacity, Electrical resistivity tomography.

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Edwards, Linnell, G. Richter, B. Bernsdorf, R. G. Schmidt, and J. Burney. "Measurement of rill erosion by snowmelt on potato fields under rotation in Prince Edward Island (Canada)." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 78, no. 3 (August 1, 1998): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s97-053.

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Cool-period soil erosion from farmland in Prince Edward Island occurs predominantly through rilling mainly due to snowmelt. This is mostly evident on fields coming out of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), a crop that is traditionally cultivated as part of a 2-yr rotation with cereal grains, or a 3-yr rotation with cereal grains and a forage crop for hay. Accurate assessment of snowmelt erosion (associated processes and effects) has been historically constrained by data inadequacy, particularly for rilling; and although a number of models have now been developed for estimating cool-period erosion, they still stand to benefit from the generation of actual field data. In the present study, actual volume measurements were made of erosion forms, for about 80 site-years, after the spring snowmelt in fields at various stages of potato rotation. Cool-period erosion, predominantly rills, amounted to about 30 t ha−1 for 2-yr and 3-yr rotations, thus an annual seasonal average of 15 t ha−1 and 10 t ha−1, respectively. Potato fields left untilled over winter averaged about 20 t ha–1 which increased to 36 t ha−1 with fall ploughing. Sediment deposition in fields coming out of potatoes was 13.3 t ha−1 compared with the amount of 0.4 t ha−1 in fields coming out of forages and 1.6 t ha−1 in fields coming out of grain. Fields going into the winter in sod or stubble showed negligible erosion, averaging about 0.1 t ha−1 in spring. The results of this study demonstrate the dominant influence of cropping practice in the erosion process during the cool period, and the tendency for traditional computational procedures to underestimate soil loss. Key words: Cool-period erosion, rilling, rill volume, sediment deposition, soil-loss prediction, erosion mapping, crop rotation

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IvanI, Maksimov AnasA, Adigamov NailR, Mustafin DamirT, Khaliullin IlnarN, Alexandr V. Gayaziev, and Ruslan R. Lukmanov Matyashin. "THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS FOR DETERMINING SOIL EROSION POTENTIAL (ENERGY CONCEPT) PART 1." Periódico Tchê Química 16, no. 31 (January 20, 2019): 540–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v16.n31.2020.546_periodico31_pgs_540_557.pdf.

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Solving problems of anti-erosion technology and machinery design is associated with finding an integral objective parameter that would meet piratical requirements and develop an acceptable determination method. Therefore, the research objective is to develop an integral criterion to determine soil erosion potential (SEP). As a value to characterize SEP it is prosed to use energy ΔА expended to erode and remove the unit weight of a soil mass Δm under specific conditions of its occurrence. Consequently, the development of theoretical prerequisites for the problem under consideration, as well as the experimental determination of ΔА and Δm, can reveal the main regularities in the physical mechanism of erosion processes. We propose to use the thermodynamic potential method to describe soil erosion processes. It has been shown that the Gibbs thermodynamic potential is the most suitable for this purpose since it is possible to design devices for the experimental measurement of independent variables. SEP is an additive and constant value for a given soil and expresses its properties, i.e. it can be adopted as a single integral criterion for assessing the resistance of soils to erosion.

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Andreu, V., JL Rubio, J. Forteza, and R. Cerni. "Postfire Effects on Soil Properties and Nutrient Losses." International Journal of Wildland Fire 6, no. 2 (1996): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf9960053.

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The effects of an August, 1992, wildfire on nutrient losses by water erosion have been studied. The fire affected an area of 9498 ha of pine forest and shrub, located in Sierra Calderona (Valencia, Spain). In the burned area, six stations of erosion measurement were set up immediately after the end of the fire. The results obtained in these stations are reported. Topographical, edaphological and vegetation characteristics of each station are described. Fourteen episodes of erosive rain with production of runoff and sediments, between August,1992, and November, 1993, were studied, mainly in relation to changes in the soil chemical characteristics. Data show that the highest soil and nutrient losses were produced in the period immediately after the fire. However, fire intensity is the factor that determines the soil status with respect to its response to nutrient losses.

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Morgan, R. P. C. "Soil Erosion Measurement and Soil Conservation Research in Cultivated Areas of the UK." Geographical Journal 151, no. 1 (March 1985): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/633274.

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Eltner, A., C. Mulsow, and H. G. Maas. "QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENT OF SOIL EROSION FROM TLS AND UAV DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1/W2 (August 16, 2013): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-w2-119-2013.

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Brychta, Jiří, and Miloslav Janeček. "Determination of erosion rainfall criteria based on natural rainfall measurement and its impact on spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity in the Czech Republic." Soil and Water Research 14, No. 3 (May 27, 2019): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/91/2018-swr.

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Rainfall erosivity is the main factor of the USLE or RUSLE equations. Its accuracy depends on recording precision and its temporal resolution, number of stations and their spatial distribution, length of recorded period, recorded period, erosion rainfall criteria, time step of rainfall intensity and interpolation method. This research focuses on erosion rainfall criteria. A network of 32 ombrographic stations, 1-min temporal resolution rainfall data, 35.6-year period and experimental runoff plots were used. We analysed 8951 rainfalls from ombrographic stations, 100 rainfalls and caused soil losses and runoffs from experimental runoff plots. Main parameter which influenced the number of erosion rainfalls was the precondition AND/OR which determines if conditions of rainfall total (H) have to be fulfilled simultaneously with rainfall intensity (I15 or I30) or not. We proved that if parameters I15 > 6.25 mm/15 min AND H > 12.5 mm were fulfilled, then 84.2% of rainfalls caused soil loss > 0.5 t/ha and 73.7% ≥ 1 t/ha. In the case of precondition OR only 44.6% of rainfalls caused soil loss > 0.5 t/ha and 33.9% ≥ 1 t/ha. If the precondition AND was fulfilled, there were on average 75.5 rainfalls, average R factor for each rainfall was 21 MJ/ha·cm/h (without units below in the text, according international unit: 210 MJ/ha·mm/h) and average annual R factor was 45.4. In the case of precondition OR there were on average 279 rainfalls but average R factor for each rainfall was only 9.1 and average annual R factor was 67.4. Therefore if the precondition OR is used, R factor values are overestimated due to a high number of rainfalls with no or very low erosive potential. The resulting overestimated soil losses calculated using USLE/RUSLE subsequently cause an overestimation of financial expenses for erosion-control measures.

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Sánchez-Crespo, Francisco A., José Rafael Marques da Silva, Maria T. Gómez-Villarino, Eutiquio Gallego, José M. Fuentes, Ana I. García, and Francisco Ayuga. "Differential Interferometry over Sentinel-1 TopSAR Images as a Tool for Water and Tillage Soil Erosion Analysis." Agronomy 11, no. 10 (October 17, 2021): 2075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11102075.

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Erosion is a major problem on agricultural lands in Europe. Erosion measurement tools have traditionally been focused on delocalized quantification but without mapping the real places inside the basin where the erosion took effect. In this article, we use new space missions, such as Sentinel-1, and the opportunity they offer to obtain SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) images with high frequency, resolution, range, and, above all, availability to enable the application of techniques, like differential interferometry, in new fields. We propose to measure ground deformation caused by water and tillage erosion in small agricultural basins using TopSAR (Terrain Observation with Progressive Scans SAR, Synthetic Aperture Radar) images acquired by the Sentinel-1 mission, after previously verifying the accuracy of these measurements through comparison with measurements from a LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) system. The results of this work confirm the potential of monitoring erosion in agricultural basins with differential interferometry over Sentinel-1 TopSAR images. Its capabilities have been successfully tested in different conditions related to agricultural tasks without precipitation or storm events. This technique makes it possible to study both water and tillage erosion and sedimentation processes and even to test the efficiency of anti-erosion measures in the field or to verify the results of different management practices over time.

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Başaran, M., O. Uzun, and G. Erpul. "Evaluation of field performance of BEST aeolian sediment catcher in sandy-loam soil of arid zone of Turkey." Soil and Water Research 12, No. 2 (April 10, 2017): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/55/2016-swr.

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Field measurement of wind erosion is still a great challenge for researchers. In this study, field performance of a newly designed sediment trap BEST (Basaran and Erpul Sediment Trap) was evaluated for the first time and compared with the commonly used Modified Wilson and Cook (MWAC) traps. Experiments were carried out at the Karapinar Research Station of Konya Soil and Water Resources Institute over the 50 × 50 m tilled sandy loam plot. Three wind erosion events occurred during the experiments. A small amount of sediment was trapped by the MWAC traps only at 0.20 m in all three events, and there were not sufficient sediment measurements at the catch heights to obtain vertical mass flux profiles. On the other hand, BEST was able to catch sufficient amount of sediment at each trap height to calculate soil losses from the experimental fields. Besides, an analysis for particle size characteristics by electron microscopy imagery indicated that almost all of the sediment particles trapped by BEST at any height above 0.60 m were smaller than 100 mm. Hereby, during three erosive wind events a better performance of BEST than of MWAC at comparable catch heights was verified.

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Jannah, Nisa Zahratul, Muhammad Idkham, and Devianti Devianti. "Perbandingan Erosi Model MUSLE dengan Erosi Pengukuran Rainfall Simulator." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 6, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v6i3.17542.

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Abstrak. Potensi bahaya erosi pada lahan berlereng seperti lahan perkebunan perlu kiranya dilakukan pengukuran dan perkiraan erosi. Metode perkiraan erosi salah satunya adalah model MUSLE (Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation) yang awalnya dikembangkan pada skala petak pertanian di Amerika Serikat, sehingga untuk mengetahui sejauhmana MUSLE mampu memperkirakan erosi maka dilakukan akurasi tingkat erosi dengan membandingkan erosi pengukuran dengan erosi model MUSLE pada dua plot percobaan tanaman kacang tanah dan tanaman bayam. Erosi pengukuran pada penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan simulasi hujan buatan berupa alat rainfall simulator. Sampel tanah pada rainfall simulator diambil dari lahan Perkebunan Kurma dengan kelerengan yang curam 25% dan jarak tanam 8 x 8 m2 tanpa adanya penerapan tanaman penutup tanah. Pengukuran erosi dilakukan per kejadian pemberian hujan dengan rainfall simulator dengan terlebih dahulu mengukur limpasan menggunakan literan dan kemudian menimbang tanah yang tertampung pada bagian bawah plot (reservoir). Hasil penelitian menujukkan adanya perbedaan erosi model MUSLE dan erosi pengukuran rainfall simulator pada plot percobaan tanaman kacang tanah berkisar antara9 x 10-6 ton/ha - 6,62 ton/ha, dan plot percobaan tanaman bayam berkisar 1,92 x 10-5 ton/ha - 6,37 ton/ha. Tingkat akurasi erosi model MUSLE (Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation) dengan erosi pengukuran rainfall simulator pada plot tanaman kacang tanah memiliki persamaan y = 0,000086x-0,000028 dengan nilai korelasi (r) = 0,82 (sangat kuat), (R2) = 0,67 (kuat) dan RMSE = 1,6. Sedangkan pada plot tanaman bayam memiliki persamaan y = 0,00095x-0,0001 dengan nilai korelasi (r) = 0,86 (sangat kuat), (R2) = 0,74 (kuat) dan RMSE = 1,44. Nilai RMSE 1 dikarenakan variasi nilai yang dihasilkan oleh suatu model MUSLE memiliki nilai yang jauh dari variasi nilai pengukurannya.Comparison of MUSLE Erosion Models with Rainfall Simulator Erosion MeasurementAbstract. The potential for erosion hazards on sloping land such as plantation land needs to be measured and estimated for erosion. There are several methods of estimating erosion, one of which is the MUSLE (Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation) model. The MUSLE model is an erosion estimation method developed on a farm plot scale in the United States, so to find out to what extent MUSLE is able to estimate erosion, erosion rate accuracy is carried out by comparing erosion measurements with the erosion of the MUSLE model on two experimental plots of peanut and spinach plants. Measurement erosion in this study uses artificial rain simulations in the form of a rainfall simulator. Soil samples in the rainfall simulator were taken from the Barbatee Dates Plantation with a steep slope of 25% and a spacing of 8 x 8 m2 without the application of ground cover crops. Erosion measurements are carried out per rainfall incidence using a rainfall simulator by first measuring runoff using liters and then weighing the land that is stored at the bottom of the plot (reservoir). The results showed that there were differences in erosion of the MUSLE model and the erosion of the rainfall simulator measurement on the experimental plot of peanut plants ranging from 9 x 10-6 tons/ha - 6.62 tons/ha, and the experimental plot of spinach plants ranging from 1.92 x 10-5 tons. / ha - 6.37 tonnes / ha. The accuracy rate of erosion of the MUSLE model (Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation) with the erosion of the rainfall simulator measurement on the peanut plant plot has the equation y = 0.000086x-0.000028 with a correlation value (r) = 0.82 (very strong), (R2 ) = 0.67 (strong) and RMSE = 1.6. Whereas the spinach plant plot has the equation y = 0.00095x-0.0001 with a correlation value (r) = 0.86 (very strong), (R2) = 0.74 (strong) and RMSE = 1.44. The value of RMSE 1 is because the variation in the value generated by a MUSLE model has a value that is far from the variation in the measurement value.

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Řeháček, D., T. Khel, J. Kučera, J. Vopravil, and M. Petera. "Effect of windbreaks on wind speed reduction and soil protection against wind erosion." Soil and Water Research 12, No. 2 (April 10, 2017): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/45/2016-swr.

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Windbreaks form efficient soil protection against wind erosion particularly at the time when soil cover is not protected by the cultivated plant vegetation cover. The objective of this research was to evaluate windbreaks efficiency in terms of wind speed reduction. Wind speed along the windbreaks was measured in the cadastral areas of Dobrovíz and Středokluky (Czech Republic, Central Europe). The measurement was carried out by 4 stations placed at windward side (1 station at the distance of 3 times the height of the windbreak) and at leeward side of the windbreak (3 stations at the distance of 3, 6, and 9 times the height of the windbreak). Each station contained 2 anemometers situated 0.5 and 1 m above surface. The character of windbreak was described by terrestrial photogrammetry method as the value of optical porosity from the photo documentation of the windbreak at the time of field measurement. A significant dependence between the value of optical porosity and efficiency of windbreak emerged from the results. The correlation coefficient between optical porosity and wind speed reduction was in the range of 0.842 to 0.936 (statistical significance more than 95%). A significant effect of windbreak on airflow reduction was proven on the leeward side of windbreak in a belt corresponding to approximately six times the height of the windbreaks depending on the optical porosity and it was expressed by a polynomial equation.

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Wells, Robert R., Henrique G. Momm, Sean J. Bennett, Karl R. Gesch, Seth M. Dabney, Richard Cruse, and Glenn V. Wilson. "A Measurement Method for Rill and Ephemeral Gully Erosion Assessments." Soil Science Society of America Journal 80, no. 1 (January 2016): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2015.09.0320.

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Ayadiuno, Romanus Udegbunam, Dominic Chukwuka Ndulue, A. T. Mozie, and C. C. Ndichie. "The Underlying Factors of Soil Susceptibility to Erosion in Central Parts of Southeastern Nigeria." Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences 36, no. 2 (August 16, 2021): 196–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/alinteri/v36i2/ajas21134.

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Soil erosion in southeastern Nigeria has a high devastating tendency which created a natural geologic hazard is causing loss of arable farm lands, destroying properties and other social infrastructures like pipelines, roads, bridges, over head and underground cables that are being exposed and or washed away by deep gully erosions. Investigations into the underlying factors of soil susceptibility to soil erosion in southeastern Nigeria led to this work. The study areas are the twenty six Local Government Areas within the centre of the zone which are Anaocha, Orumba North, Aguata, Nnewi South and Orumba South in Anambra State; Umunneochi, Bende, Ohafia, Arochukwu and Isuikwuato in Abia State; Afikpo North, Afikpo South, Ivo, Ohaozara and Onicha in Ebonyi State; Aninri, Oji River, Ezeagu, Udi and Awgu in Enugu State, and Idea to North, Idea to South, Okigwe, Orlu, and Orsu in Imo State. The dataset for this research work are from secondary and primary sources. Secondary Data were extracted from other journal publications among others, while primary data were in the form of measurement during field visit, photographs and geophysical soil survey and verification. Descriptive Statistics, Student t-test and Chi-square test analysis were used. The result shows that the soils across the study area generally are predominantly sandy with a mean of fine sand at 28.22% and coarse sand at 43.40%, while the mean of clay and silt are very low, 17.82% and 10.56% respectively. The study concludes that high sand content in the composition of soil in the study area is responsible for high rate of soil erosion in the area and therefore recommends a policy framework from the government of Nigeria that will encourage a paradigm shift from roots and tubers crop production that exposes the soil, to orchard plantation.

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Porto, P., D. E. Walling, C. La Spada, and N. Mallimo. "Combining caesium-137 measurements and suspended sediment load data to investigate the sediment response of a small catchment in southern Italy." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 367 (March 3, 2015): 220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-367-220-2015.

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Abstract. A long-term measurement programme was operated in southern Italy during the 1960s and 1970s, to provide information on the suspended sediment yields from the main river basins. Information obtained for the rivers of Calabria suggests that suspended sediment yields in this area are relatively low. However, there is evidence that the intensity of land degradation within the upstream catchments is substantially higher than suggested by the values of specific sediment yield and there is a need to explore the relationship between on-site soil loss and downstream sediment yield more closely. Monitoring time-integrated erosion rates over large areas has traditionally required extensive long-term measurement programmes employing experimental plots. The fallout radionuclide caesium-137 (137Cs) offers an alternative means of documenting medium-term rates of soil loss. This paper describes the use of 137Cs measurements and the available sediment load data to explore the links between soil erosion, sediment redistribution and storage, and sediment output for a medium-scale (41.3 km2) catchment in Calabria. Data available from a sediment load monitoring programme undertaken at the catchment outlet during 1962–1977 have been used to estimate the longer-term catchment sediment yield. This estimate has been combined with information provided by the 137Cs measurements, to establish a medium-term sediment budget for the catchment. The results provided by the 137Cs measurements indicate that the catchment is subject to much higher rates of soil loss and land degradation than suggested by its specific sediment yield. These findings are consistent with the results obtained for other catchments in Calabria for which both 137Cs derived erosion rates and measured sediment yields are available.

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Stanchi, S., M. Freppaz, E. Ceaglio, M. Maggioni, K. Meusburger, C. Alewell, and E. Zanini. "Soil erosion in an avalanche release site (Valle d'Aosta: Italy): towards a winter factor for RUSLE in the Alps." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, no. 2 (February 11, 2014): 1405–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-2-1405-2014.

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Abstract. Soil erosion is largely affecting Alpine areas. In this work we compared 137Cs-based measurement of soil redistribution and soil loss estimated with RUSLE in a mountain slope affected by full depth snow-glide avalanches, in order to assess the relative importance of winter erosion processes through a correction factor (W – winter factor). Three subareas were considered: SB, snow bridge areas; RA, release area, and TA, track area, characterized by different prevalent winter processes. The RUSLE estimates and the 137Cs redistribution gave significantly different results (higher for 137Cs method), confirming a relevant role of winter erosion. W ranges evidenced relevant differences in the role of winter erosion in the considered subareas, and the application of an avalanche simulation model corroborated these findings. Despite the limited sample size (11 points) the inclusion of a W factor into RUSLE seems promising for the improvement of soil erosion estimates in Alpine environments affected by snow movements.

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Singh, B., and RJ Gilkes. "Sorption-desorption behaviour of caesium in some Western Australian soils." Soil Research 28, no. 6 (1990): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9900929.

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Soil caesium-137 derived from past atmospheric nuclear tests is increasingly being used as an indicator of soil erosion and deposition on the basis that fallout 137Cs has been retained by soils, although this assumption has not been thoroughly tested for different soils. The sorption behaviour of some Western Australian soils indicates that Cs is differentially sorbed as a consequence of differences in clay mineralogy. Kaolinitic sandy soils of low exchange capacity sorb Cs in preference to Ca and Na, with the specificity for Cs being higher at lower concentrations of Cs in solution. lllitic and smectitic soils sorbed more Cs than kaolinitic soils and retained more than 50% of sorbed Cs after a series of extractions with salt solutions. Retention by kaolinitic soils was less but, for the concentrations of Cs likely to occur in soils, it seems that most Cs is retained so that it is probable that the 137Cs technique can be used with confidence for the measurement of soil erosion and deposition for many Western Australian soils.

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W. J. Elliot, J. M. Laflen, A. W. Thomas, and K. D. Kohl. "PHOTOGRAMMETRIC AND RILLMETER TECHNIQUES FOR HYDRAULIC MEASUREMENT IN SOIL EROSION STUDIES." Transactions of the ASAE 40, no. 1 (1997): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.21261.

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Benavides-Solorio, Juan de Dios, and Lee H. MacDonald. "Measurement and prediction of post-fire erosion at the hillslope scale, Colorado Front Range." International Journal of Wildland Fire 14, no. 4 (2005): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf05042.

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Post-fire soil erosion is of considerable concern because of the potential decline in site productivity and adverse effects on downstream resources. For the Colorado Front Range there is a paucity of post-fire erosion data and a corresponding lack of predictive models. This study measured hillslope-scale sediment production rates and site characteristics for three wild and three prescribed fires over two summers and one winter using 48 sediment fences. Over 90% of the sediment was generated by summer convective storms. Sediment production rates from recent, high-severity wildfires were 0.2–1.0 kg m–2 year–1. Mean sediment production rates from areas recently burned at moderate and low severity were only 0.02 and 0.005 kg m–2 year–1, respectively. For a given severity, sediment production rates from prescribed fires were generally lower than from wildfires, but there was considerable variability between plots and within fire severity classes. Fire severity, percent bare soil, rainfall erosivity, soil water repellency and soil texture explained 77% of the variability in sediment production rates, while a two-parameter model using percentage bare soil and rainfall erosivity explained 62% of the variability. Model validation confirmed the usefulness of these empirical models. The improved understanding of post-fire erosion rates can help guide forest management and post-fire rehabilitation efforts.

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Meusburger, K., G. Leitinger, L. Mabit, M. H. Mueller, A. Walter, and C. Alewell. "Soil erosion by snow gliding – a first quantification attempt in a subalpine area in Switzerland." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 9 (September 26, 2014): 3763–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3763-2014.

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Abstract. Snow processes might be one important driver of soil erosion in Alpine grasslands and thus the unknown variable when erosion modelling is attempted. The aim of this study is to assess the importance of snow gliding as a soil erosion agent for four different land use/land cover types in a subalpine area in Switzerland. We used three different approaches to estimate soil erosion rates: sediment yield measurements in snow glide depositions, the fallout radionuclide 137Cs and modelling with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). RUSLE permits the evaluation of soil loss by water erosion, the 137Cs method integrates soil loss due to all erosion agents involved, and the measurement of snow glide deposition sediment yield can be directly related to snow-glide-induced erosion. Further, cumulative snow glide distance was measured for the sites in the winter of 2009/2010 and modelled for the surrounding area and long-term average winter precipitation (1959–2010) with the spatial snow glide model (SSGM). Measured snow glide distance confirmed the presence of snow gliding and ranged from 2 to 189 cm, with lower values on the north-facing slopes. We observed a reduction of snow glide distance with increasing surface roughness of the vegetation, which is an important information with respect to conservation planning and expected and ongoing land use changes in the Alps. Snow glide erosion estimated from the snow glide depositions was highly variable with values ranging from 0.03 to 22.9 t ha−1 yr−1 in the winter of 2012/2013. For sites affected by snow glide deposition, a mean erosion rate of 8.4 t ha−1 yr−1 was found. The difference in long-term erosion rates determined with RUSLE and 137Cs confirms the constant influence of snow-glide-induced erosion, since a large difference (lower proportion of water erosion compared to total net erosion) was observed for sites with high snow glide rates and vice versa. Moreover, the difference between RUSLE and 137Cs erosion rates was related to the measured snow glide distance (R2 = 0.64; p < 0.005) and to the snow deposition sediment yields (R2 = 0.39; p = 0.13). The SSGM reproduced the relative difference of the measured snow glide values under different land uses and land cover types. The resulting map highlighted the relevance of snow gliding for large parts of the investigated area. Based on these results, we conclude that snow gliding appears to be a crucial and non-negligible process impacting soil erosion patterns and magnitude in subalpine areas with similar topographic and climatic conditions.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Soil erosion Measurement'

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