Relevant bibliographies by topics / Soil degassing

Academic literature on the topic 'Soil degassing'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Soil degassing"

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Pfanz, Hardy, Frank Saßmannshausen, Christiane Wittmann, Benny Pfanz, and Annika Thomalla. "Mofette Vegetation as an Indicator for Geogenic CO2 Emission: A Case Study on the Banks of the Laacher See Volcano, Vulkaneifel, Germany." Geofluids 2019 (August 8, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9589306.

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A geogenic CO2 emitting site (mofette U1) at the banks of the Laacher See, Eifel Mountains, was chosen to study the relationship between heavy postvolcanic soil degassing and vegetation during spring season. To test any interrelation between soil CO2 degassing and vegetation, soil chemism (pH, water content, conductivity, and humus content) and vegetation studies (number of species, plant-soil coverage) were performed. Geogenic soil degassing patterns of carbon dioxide and oxygen were clearly inhomogeneous, resembling soil porosity and distinct permeation channels within the soil. CO2 concentrations ranged from zero to 100%. Soil CO2 increased, while soil oxygen decreased with increasing soil depth. There was a reasonable correlation between CO2 degassing and soil pH as well as soil conductivity. Soil organic matter (SOM) resembled soil water distribution. The number of plant species (from a total of 69 species) as well as plant coverage strongly followed geogenic CO2 degassing. The total number of growing species was highest in low CO2 soils (max. 17 species per m2) and lowest at high CO2-emitting sites (one species per m2). Plant coverage followed the same pattern. Total plant coverage reached values of up to 84% in slightly degassing soils and only 5-6% on heavy CO2-venting sites. One plant species proved to be highly mofettophilic (marsh sedge, Carex acutiformis) and strictly grew on CO2 degassing sites. Most other species like grove windflower, spring fumewort, fig buttercup, wood bluegrass, addersmeat, and common snowberry showed a mofettophobic behavior and strictly avoided degassing areas. Specific plant species can thus be used to detect and monitor pre- or postvolcanic CO2 degassing.
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Berberich, Gabriele M., Martin B. Berberich, Aaron M. Ellison, and Christian Wöhler. "Degassing Rhythms and Fluctuations of Geogenic Gases in A Red Wood-Ant Nest and in Soil in The Neuwied Basin (East Eifel Volcanic Field, Germany)." Insects 9, no. 4 (October 5, 2018): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects9040135.

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Geochemical tracers of crustal fluids (CO2, He, Rn) provide a useful tool for the identification of buried fault structures. We acquired geochemical data during 7-months of continual sampling to identify causal processes underlying correlations between ambient air and degassing patterns of three gases (CO2, He, Rn) in a nest of red wood ants (Formica polyctena; “RWA”) and the soil at Goloring in the Neuwied Basin, a part of the East Eifel Volcanic Field (EEVF). We explored whether temporal relations and degassing rhythms in soil and nest gas concentrations could be indicators of hidden faults through which the gases migrate to the surface from depth. In nest gas, the coupled system of CO2-He and He concentrations exceeding atmospheric standards 2-3 fold suggested that RWA nests may be biological indicators of hidden degassing faults and fractures at small scales. Equivalently periodic degassing infradian rhythms in the RWA nest, soil, and three nearby minerals springs suggested NW-SE and NE-SW tectonic linkages. Because volcanic activity in the EEVF is dormant, more detailed information on the EEVF’s tectonic, magmatic, and degassing systems and its active tectonic fault zones are needed. Such data could provide additional insights into earthquake processes that are related to magmatic processes at the lower crust.
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Kämpf, Horst, Alena Sophie Broge, Pouria Marzban, Masoud Allahbakhshi, and Tobias Nickschick. "Nonvolcanic Carbon Dioxide Emission at Continental Rifts: The Bublak Mofette Area, Western Eger Rift, Czech Republic." Geofluids 2019 (October 30, 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4852706.

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This study presents the results of gas flux measurements of cold, mantle-derived CO2 release at the Bublák mofette field (BMF), located inside of the N-S directed Počátky Plesná fault zone (PPFZ). The PPFZ is presently seismically active, located in the eastern part of the Cheb Basin, western Eger Rift, Central Europe. The goal of the work was to identify the linkage between tectonics and gas flux. The investigated area has a size of 0,43 km2 in which 1.115 locations have been measured. Besides classical soil CO2 gas flux measurements using the closed chamber method (West Systems), drone-based orthophotos were used in combination with knowledge of plant zonation to find zones of high degassing in the agriculturally unused part of the BMF. The highest observed soil CO2 gas flux is 177.926,17 g m-2 d-1, and the lowest is 0,28 g m-2 d-1. Three statistical methods were used for the calculation of the gas flux: arithmetic mean, kriging, and trans-Gaussian kriging. The average CO2 soil degassing of the BMF is 30 t d-1 for an area of 0,43 km2. Since the CO2 soil degassing of the Hartoušov mofette field (HMF) amounts to 23 t d-1 for an area of 0,35 km2, the average dry degassing values of the BMF and HMF are in the same magnitude of order. The amount of CO2 flux from wet mofettes is 3 t d-1 for the BMF and 0,6 t d-1 for the HMF. It was found that the degassing in the BMF and HMF is not in accordance with the pull-apart basin interpretation, based on the direction of degassing as well as topography and sediment fill of the suggested basins. En-echelon faults inside of the PPFZ act as fluid channels to depth (CO2 conduits). These structures inside the PPFZ show beginning faulting and act as tectonic control of CO2 degassing.
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Sheppard, M. I., D. H. Thibault, P. A. Smith, and J. L. Hawkins. "Volatilization: a soil degassing coefficient for iodine." Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 25, no. 3 (January 1994): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0265-931x(94)90072-8.

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Xu, Junzeng, Qi Wei, Shihong Yang, Linxian Liao, Zhiming Qi, and Weiguang Wang. "Soil degassing during watering: An overlooked soil N2O emission process." Environmental Pollution 242 (November 2018): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.103.

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Gagliano, A. L., S. Calabrese, K. Daskalopoulou, J. Cabassi, F. Capecchiacci, F. Tassi, S. Bellomo, et al. "Degassing and Cycling of Mercury at Nisyros Volcano (Greece)." Geofluids 2019 (August 14, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4783514.

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Nisyros Island (Greece) is an active volcano hosting a high-enthalpy geothermal system. During June 2013, an extensive survey on Hg concentrations in different matrices (fumarolic fluids, atmosphere, soils, and plants) was carried out at the Lakki Plain, an intracaldera area affected by widespread soil and fumarolic degassing. Concentrations of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), together with H2S and CO2, were simultaneously measured in both the fumarolic emissions and the atmosphere around them. At the same time, 130 samples of top soils and 31 samples of plants (Cistus creticus and salvifolius and Erica arborea and manipuliflora) were collected for Hg analysis. Mercury concentrations in fumarolic gases ranged from 10,500 to 46,300 ng/m3, while Hg concentrations in the air ranged from high background values in the Lakki Plain caldera (10-36 ng/m3) up to 7100 ng/m3 in the fumarolic areas. Outside the caldera, the concentrations were relatively low (2-5 ng/m3). The positive correlation with both CO2 and H2S in air highlighted the importance of hydrothermal gases as carrier for GEM. On the other hand, soil Hg concentrations (0.023-13.7 μg/g) showed no significant correlations with CO2 and H2S in the soil gases, whereas it showed a positive correlation with total S content and an inverse one with the soil pH, evidencing the complexity of the processes involving Hg carried by hydrothermal gases while passing through the soil. Total Hg concentrations in plant leaves (0.010-0.112 μg/g) had no direct correlation with soil Hg, with Cistus leaves containing higher values of Hg with respect to Erica. Even though GEM concentrations in the air within the caldera are sometimes orders of magnitude above the global background, they should not be considered dangerous to human health. Values exceeding the WHO guideline value of 1000 ng/m3 are very rare (<0.1%) and only found very close to the main fumarolic vents, where the access to tourists is prohibited.
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Elberling, Bo, and Bjarne H. Jakobsen. "Soil solution pH measurements using in-line chambers with tension lysimeters." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 80, no. 2 (May 1, 2000): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s99-061.

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During soil water extraction, pH can change as a result of atmospheric gas exchange. The pH change is important for monitoring soil acidification and determination of mineralogic controls on the solution composition. As part of a global change programme in Greenland for monitoring long-term changes in Arctic soil solutions we observed that the pH of extracted soil solutions increased in the order of a half pH unit during traditional sampling and handling of the soil solution. CO2 degassing is often considered the most important factor causing such a pH increase. Thus, traditional as well as in-line pH measurements were performed during the summers 1997 and 1998. The in-line method was designed to eliminate atmospheric contact with soil solutions prior to pH measurements. The time-dependent pH error was quantified based on laboratory experiments with soil solution under controlled temperatures and CO2 partial pressures. Equilibrium speciation modelling was used to predict pH values observed in the field and in the laboratory and the model was found to reproduce the observations well. We conclude that traditional pH measurements on extracted soil solutions in the pH range from 5 to 7 are not appropriate for detailed pH measurements due to errors associated with CO2 degassing. In-line measurements provide more accurate measurement necessary for detailed studies on soil acidification dynamics. Key words: pH, carbon dioxide degassing, soil solution, tension lysimeter, arctic soil
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Sheppard, Marsha I., L. L. Ewing, and J. L. Hawkins. "Soil Degassing of Carbon‐14 Dioxide: Rates and Factors." Journal of Environmental Quality 23, no. 3 (May 1994): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1994.00472425002300030008x.

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Peiffer, Loïc, Gerardo Carrasco-Núñez, Agnès Mazot, Ruth Esther Villanueva-Estrada, Claudio Inguaggiato, Rubén Bernard Romero, Roberto Rocha Miller, and Javier Hernández Rojas. "Soil degassing at the Los Humeros geothermal field (Mexico)." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 356 (May 2018): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2018.03.001.

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Dahlgren, R. A., H. J. Percival, and R. L. Parfitt. "CARBON DIOXIDE DEGASSING EFFECTS ON SOIL SOLUTIONS COLLECTED BY CENTRIFUGATION." Soil Science 162, no. 9 (September 1997): 648–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199709000-00006.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Soil degassing"

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Deirmendjian, Loris. "Transfert de carbone le long du continuum végétation-sol-nappe-rivière-atmosphère dans le bassin de la Leyre (Landes de gascogne, SO France)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0319/document.

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Les systèmes aquatiques continentaux sont des vecteurs majeurs du cycle global du carbone, recevant une quantité importante de carbone qu’ils émettent vers l’atmosphère et exportent aux océans. Nous caractérisons les concentrations et les transferts de toutes les formes carbonées à l’interface eau souterraine-ruisseau-atmosphère, dans un bassin versant de plaine, tempéré, forestier et sablonneux, où l’hydrologie se produit majoritairement au travers du drainage des eaux souterraines. Nous suivons différentes stations couvrant l’ensemble de la variabilité du bassin, depuis les eaux souterraines jusqu’à l’exutoire, avec des proportions variables d’occupation du sol. Le DOC est exporté majoritairement en périodes de crues alors que la même quantité de DIC est exportée entre périodes de crues et d’étiages. Le carbone terrestre dérivé des sols forestiers est la source principale de carbone dans les eaux superficielles et seulement 3% de la NEE est exportée. L’occupation du sol modifie localement les formes de carbone dans les ruisseaux mais à l’échelle du bassin la forêt prédomine. Nous quantifions le dégazage de CO2 en s’appuyant sur un bilan de masse isotopique. Environ 75% du dégazage total se produit dans les ruisseaux de premiers et de seconds ordres, qui se comportent comme des points chauds pour l’émission de CO2. Ce travail de thèse contribue à une meilleure définition du rôle des ruisseaux et des rivières dans le cycle global du carbone. De manière plus précise, il améliore les connaissances sur la proportion du pompage biologique de CO2 atmosphérique d’un écosystème qui est exportée vers le réseau hydrographique, ainsi que le devenir de ce carbone en aval
Inland waters are a major component of the global carbon cycle. These systems receive a significant amount of carbon from aquatic and terrestrial sources. A part of this carbon is degassed in the atmosphere while another is exported to the oceans. We characterize the concentrations and transfers of all carbon forms at the groundwater-stream-atmosphere interface, in a temperate, forested and sandy lowland watershed, where hydrology occurs in majority through drainage of groundwater. We monitored contrasting study site representative of the diversity of the ecosystem, from groundwater to river mouth, with different proportion of land use. DOC is exported in majority during high flow periods whereas the same amount of DIC is exported between high and base flow periods.Terrestrial carbon that originates from soils forests is the major source of carbon in surface waters but only 3% of the NEE is exported. Land use modifies locally the different forms of carbon in streams but at the basin scale forests predominate. We quantify the degassing ofCO2 based on fairly well balanced isotopic mass balance. About 75% of the total degassing occurs in first and second order streams, which behave as hotspots for CO2 degassing. This work contributes to a better definition of the role of streams and rivers in the global carboncycle. Specifically, this work enhances understanding on the proportion of CO2 pumped byan ecosystem and then exported to the river system, as well as the fate of this carbon downstream
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Grassa, F. "Geochemical processes governing the chemistry of groundwater hosted within the Hyblean aquifers." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2122/416.

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A raingauge network made of six stations was installed in the Hyblean region. Stations were located at different altitudes (from 5 m to 986 m a.s.l.) and along two directions (E-W and SW-NE). Rainwater samples were monthly collected for stable isotope measurements. Spatial distribution of rainwater isotope composition has confirmed the wet air masses move from South-East/South-West toward North. Water balance has highlighted that the annual volume of infiltrating waters is in the range of 1-1.5 *105 m3 Km-2. 82 well waters and 12 spring waters located within the Hyblean Plateau (South-Estern Sicily), were also collected from 1999 to 2001 during several surveys for chemical (major,minor and trace elements) analyses. Water chemistry allowed to identify two main aquifers: the first aquifer hosted within sedimentary rocks is characterized by earthalkaline bicarbonate waters, while the second aquifer, located within the volcanic deposits (mainly towards North- North-East) is characterized by groundwaters evolving from earthalkaline bicarbonate water-type towards a Na-HCO3-type. A slightly anomaly in water temperature (24-28°C) have been identified along the northern margin, while the lower Eh values have been recorded along the M.Lauro-Scicli and the Hyblean Malta Escarpment fault systems. Isotope composition of groundwaters has suggested the occurrence of evaporative processes during soil infiltration having a dD/d18O slope close to 4.5. Chemical and isotope composition of dissolved gases (d13CTDIC, d13CCH4, 3He/4He) have revealed, as expected, that deeply-derived gases rise along the main tectonic discontinuities. Chemical and isotope analyses of dissolved carbon have revealed the existence of two sampling sites (NA and FE samples) attesting the interaction between groundwaters and a consistent amount of deep inorganic carbon dioxide. He isotope ratios (from 0.81Ra to 6.19 Ra) have revealed the occurrence of mixing process, in different proportions, between crustal and mantle components. On the base of the obtained results, a clear picture of the groundwaters circulation within the Hyblean aquifers has been drawn. In framework of projecting of a geochemical network for the continuous monitoring of the local seismic activity the most suitable geochemical parameters and the sites of great interest have been identified.
- Unione Europea Fondo Sociale Europeo; - Ministero dell’Università e della Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica; - Università degli studi di Palermo
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Book chapters on the topic "Soil degassing"

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Marini, Luigi, Claudia Principe, and Matteo Lelli. "Soil CO2 Diffuse Degassing and Thermal Energy Release as Indicators of Volcanic Unrest in the Solfatara-Pisciarelli Area." In Advances in Volcanology, 351–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98471-7_10.

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Cartagena, Rafael, Rodolfo Olmos, Dina L. López, Tomás Soriano, Francisco Barahona, Pedro A. Hernández, and Nemesio M. Pérez. "Diffuse soil degassing of carbon dioxide, radon, and mercury at San Miguel volcano, El Salvador." In Natural Hazards in El Salvador. Geological Society of America, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2375-2.203.

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Berner, Robert A. "Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide over Phanerozoic Time." In The Phanerozoic Carbon Cycle. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195173338.003.0007.

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In this chapter the methods and results of modeling the long-term carbon cycle are presented in terms of predictions of past levels of atmospheric CO2. The modeling results are then compared with independent determinations of paleo-CO2 by means of a variety of different methods. Results indicate that there is reasonable agreement between methods as to the general trend of CO2 over Phanerozoic time. Values of fluxes in the long-term carbon cycle can be calculated from the fundamental equations for total carbon and 13C mass balance that are stated in the introduction and are repeated here: . . . dMc/dt = Fwc + Fwg + Fmc + Fmg – Fbc – Fbg (1.10) . . . . . . d(δcMc)/dt = δwcFwc + δwgFwg + δmcFmc + δmgFmg – δbcFbc – δbgFbg (1.11) . . . where Mc = mass of carbon in the surficial system consisting of the atmosphere, oceans, biosphere, and soils Fwc = flux from weathering of Ca and Mg carbonates Fwg = flux from weathering of sedimentary organic matter Fmc = degassing flux for carbonates from volcanism, metamorphism, and diagenesis Fmg = degassing flux for organic matter from volcanism, metamorphism, and diagenesis Fbc = burial flux of carbonates in sediments Fbg = burial flux of organic matter in sediments δ = [(13C/12C)/(13C/12C)stnd – 1]1000. Variants of equations (1.10) and (1.11) have been treated in terms of non–steady-state modeling (e.g., Berner et al., 1983; Wallmann, 2001; Hansen and Wallmann, 2003; Mackenzie et al., 2003; Bergman et al., 2003), where the evolution of both oceanic and atmospheric composition, including Ca, Mg, and other elements in seawater, is tracked over time. However, since the purpose of this book is to discuss the carbon cycle with respect to CO2 and O2, and so as not to overburden the reader with too many mathematical expressions, I discuss only those aspects of the non–steady-state models that directly impact carbon. These are combined with results from steady-state strictly carbon-cycle modeling (Garrels and Lerman, 1984; Berner, 1991, 1994; Kump and Arthur, 1997; Francois and Godderis, 1998; Tajika, 1998; Berner and Kothavala, 2001; Kashiwagi and Shikazono, 2002).
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Carlmark, B., and A. Lindvall. "Mercury, a Toxic Metal, and Dental Amalgam Removal." In Geology and Health. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162042.003.0016.

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Mercury is an element with unique physical and chemical properties whose deleterious effects on various organ systems have been known for centuries. The metal (Hg°) mercury is the only element liquid at ambient temperatures and has an extremely high vapor pressure. Natural degassing of the earth’s crust by volcanoes and emissions from soils and waters are estimated to contribute on the order of 2700 to 30,000 tons per year (Nriagu 1989, Lindqvist 1991). A second source of mercury is anthropogenic from burning of coal or petroleum. The total input into the atmosphere may be up to 150,000 tons per year, with natural emissions accounting for the major input (Berlin 1986). However, estimations of contributions from different sources vary. Aristotle wrote about mercury as liquid silver (hydrargyrum) with the metallic mercury extracted in ancient times, as today, from the sulphide mineral cinnabar (HgS). Although technical developments have brought about more sophisticated methods of distilling mercury, all processes create mercury vapor, which is a potential hazard. Mercury mines pose environmental concern, due to mine tailings and waste rock contributing mercury-enriched sediment to watersheds (Rytuba 2000) such as in the California Coast Ranges (Rytuba 2000), the Idria mine in Slovenia (Hines et al. 2000), in Slovakia (Svoboda et al. 2000), and, perhaps most conspicuously, the mine tailings in Aznacollar, Spain, that caused a recent accident (Grimalt et al. 1999). Any industrial sites that utilize mercury during production may also produce contamination of the environment (Sunderland and Chmura 2000). The possible sources of mercury exposure are presented in Table 10.1. Amalgamation with mercury has been used as a method for beneficiation of gold and silver since Roman times. The total global release of mercury into the environment from these activities before 1930 was estimated as over 260,000 tons. Thereafter, with the introduction of cyanidation processing technology, the emissions declined (Lacerda and Solomons 1998). However, small-scale artisanal gold mining continues and is a serious hazard to largely unskilled persons in rural areas over the world.
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Conference papers on the topic "Soil degassing"

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De Paola, C., R. Di Maio, and E. Piegari. "ERT and SP Measurements for the Characterization of Fault-Controlled Soil CO2 Degassing." In 25th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201902390.

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Hummel, Martin. "THE EFFECT OF DEGASSING BOREHOLE INTO OLD MINE WORKINGS IN THE QUATERNARY OF METHANE CONTENT IN THE SOIL AIR." In 13th SGEM GeoConference on SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES IN GEOLOGY, EXPLORATION AND MINING. Stef92 Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2013/ba1.v1/s03.074.

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