Journal articles on the topic 'Soil contamination'
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SANO, Mitsuru, Makoto TSUJIMOTO, Mitsuo HOSHINO, Kenichiro SUGITANI, Shizuaki MURATA, Yoshitsugu HAYASHI, and Masafumi MORISUGI. "Soil Contamination." Proceedings of the Symposium on Global Environment 12 (2004): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/proge.12.11.
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Olatunde, K. A., T. Towolawi, I. Kolawole, N. Aiyelabola, O. Michael, E. Warrie, O. Oludiran, and I. Awomade. "Soil quality and metal distribution around stone quarries within Abeokuta, Southwest, Nigeria." Ife Journal of Science 23, no. 2 (November 17, 2021): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v23i2.6.
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Quarrying activities are explored to extract a variety of materials deposited underneath the earth surface. These activities however can potentially impact negatively on soil quality and cause elemental pollution. This study assessed soil quality and distribution of metals in soils around four quarrying sites (PAPA, S&D, TCity and Mile 8) within Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Thirty six topsoil samples were collected at distances from quarry gates in September 2019 and analyzed using standard methods. Soil quality and metal concentrations were compared with reference and standards and the degrees of soil contamination assessed using relevant indices. Soil quality reduced with distance from the quarry gates. Similarly, metal concentrations had strong and significant (P=0.05) negative relationships with distance and were higher in soil samples compared to the reference. Moderate contaminations for all metals were observed in soils collected close to the quarry gates soils from the results of the contamination factor index (Cf). However, the results of ecological risk index (Ei) showed that the metal loads in soils currently do not pose any ecological risk.
Keywords: Quarry, Soil quality, Metal distribution, Soil contamination, Potential ecological risk
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Kho, Brendan Lik Sen, Ang Kean Hua, and Mohd Fadzil Ali Ahmad. "Enhancing Soil Health: Nanotechnologies for Effective Remediation and Sustainable Development." Sustainable Environmental Insight 1, no. 1 (March 4, 2024): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.53623/sein.v1i1.409.
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The growing population has led to the increase in contamination to the soil, affecting the soil environment which indirectly affects importance of human health. Soil remediation is important to remove and reduce the level of contamination in the soil medium. If the contaminants present in the soil is not remediated, the possibilities of it to spread will increase due to the presence of water flow inside the soil medium, further contaminating soils that are previously clean. Hence, several nanotechnologies and nanomaterials were discovered by researchers, allowing the remediation of soil that are contaminated by different pollutants to be effectively carried out. The nanotechnologies and nanomaterials discussed in this paper involves physical, chemical and biological type of remediation. It is being known that nanoscale remediation can have higher effectiveness compared to microscale remediation. Most of the discussed nanotechnologies requires longer period of time but the effectiveness in the removal or reduction of contaminants are very high. Remediation of contaminated soils allow more land to be available for human development and exploitation. Humans are urged to reduce the chances of contamination activities or accident as contamination to the soil can adversely affect the local environment and the human health.
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Abd-Elaty, Ismail, Lorenzo Pugliese, Martina Zelenakova, Peter Mesaros, and Abdelaziz El Shinawi. "Simulation-Based Solutions Reducing Soil and Groundwater Contamination from Fertilizers in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: Case Study the Eastern Nile Delta, Egypt." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 15, 2020): 9373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249373.
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Intensive agriculture requires increasing application of fertilizers in order to sustain food production. Improper use of these substances in combination with increasing seawater intrusion results in long-term and nonpoint soil and groundwater contamination. In this work, a 3-D groundwater and solute transport numerical model was created to simulate the effect of excessive fertilizers application along the Bahr El Baqar drain system, in the eastern Nile Delta, Egypt. The geotechnical properties of the soils, hydrologic parameters, and unconfined compressive strength were determined at different sites and used as input parameters for the model. Model results showed that silty clay soils are able to contain the contaminations and preserve the groundwater quality. Nevertheless, sandy soils primarily located at the beginning of the Bahr El Baqar drain allow leakage of fertilizers to the groundwater. Thus, fertilizer application should be properly managed in the top sandy layers to protect the groundwater and soil, as increasing aquifer by excess irrigation water increased the groundwater contamination in confined layers due to the high value of cumulative salt for the current situation while the unconfined zone decreased groundwater and soil contamination. A mass transport 3-D multi-species (MT3D) model was set to identify the optimal measure to tackle soil and groundwater contamination along the Bahr El-Baqar drain system. A potential increase of the abstraction rates in the study area has a positive impact in reducing the transfer of fertilizer contamination to groundwater while it has a negative impact for soil contamination. The scenario analysis further indicated that the installation of a drainage network decreases the groundwater and soil contamination. Both solutions are potentially effective for protection against nonpoint contamination along the Bahr El Baqar drain system. However, a more sustainable management approach of fertilizer application is needed to adequately protect the receptors located further downstream in the Nile Delta.
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Tiller, KG. "Urban soil contamination in Australia." Soil Research 30, no. 6 (1992): 937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9920937.
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The current knowledge of the pollution of Australian urban soils was reviewed with special reference to heavy metals. Increased community concern in recent years has resulted m a major upsurge in the investigation and rehabilitation of contaminated soils. This has led to a concomitant reassessment and development of regulatory procedures, and the establishment of some new environmental agencies. This review considers sources and extent of contamination, and approaches to the establishment of reference background levels in urban and rural areas. Assessment of contaminated sites has been largely based on overseas experience but site specific approaches relevant to Australian soils and climates are needed and are being developed by State authorities in collaboration with the Australian and New Zealand Environmental and Conservation Council and the National Health and Medical Research Council. The need for soil-based research and for standardized soil sampling procedures for site evaluation and action is stressed. Many opportunities exist for soil scientists in solving problems of soil contamination and rehabilitation.
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Galitskova, Yulia M., and Antonina I. Murzayeva. "Urban Soil Contamination." Procedia Engineering 153 (2016): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.097.
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Galušková, I., L. Borůvka, and O. Drábek. "Urban soil contamination by potentially risk elements." Soil and Water Research 6, No. 2 (May 30, 2011): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/55/2010-swr.
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A high displacement of inhabitants into large towns, presence of industry, and constantly growing traffic have a high impact on the environment and considerable exposure of human health to environmental risks. Therefore, putting emphasis on the best environmental quality is necessary. In this work, the pollution level of urban parks was studied, the influence of the type of pollution source was analysed, and the effect of shading by trees was studied. The analyses were carried out on soil samples taken from thirteen parks in two towns of the Czech Republic, in Prague, a town considered to be mainly residential, and Ostrava, a predominantly industrial town (steel working plant). The sampling points were selected to cover the whole towns equally. In each park, two sampling points were chosen, the first one under trees, the second one in the open area. The sampling was done in the summer of 2006 in the depths of 0–10 and 10–20 cm. In addition to basic soil analyses performed by routine methods, potentially risk elements (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu, and As) in cold 2M HNO<sub>3</sub> extract were determined. Differences between the sampling points shaded and not shaded by trees were evidenced, with higher concentrations of risk elements under trees. The element contents differed between both towns as well. Significantly higher values of lead (mean 86 mg/kg) and copper (mean 28 mg/kg) were found in Prague, as a traffic consequence, compared to Ostrava, where lead reached the mean of 41 mg/kg and copper of 18 mg/kg. Maximum permissible limits were exceeded in Ostrava parks especially with Cd, in Prague with Pb.
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Babu, Kandrakunta, Sudhakar . G, and P. Vijaya Nirmala. "Heavy Metal Analysis in Agricultural Soils in Godavari River Basin of Rajahmundry Region, East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India." Current Agriculture Research Journal 11, no. 2 (September 21, 2023): 587–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.11.2.21.
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There are many sectors that are using chemicals and increase their production to meet the needs of people in the world. The domestic, industrial, agriculture, medical and recent technological applications effluents consist of heavy metals that have high density than water and are raising the concerns of potential effects on the environment and also human. The soil samples are collected from Godavari river basin near Rajahmundry in East Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, to assess the levels of Ni, Fe, Cr, Cu, Zn, Co, Pb, Cd & As to calculate soil PERI. Pearson’s correlation matrix, Contamination factor, Coefficient variations are used for evaluate contamination of pollutants & ecological risk, based on results the accumulation efficiency is very different in soils; most of the samples have high concentration. Contamination factors of heavy metals are in moderate contamination (1 ≤ 3), but the Cd shows as considerable contamination (3 ≤ 5) in Aalamuru-S5, Korumilli -S7 and Kulla-S8 soils samples. The coefficient variation was observed as (CV > 0.36) high variation in heavy metal (Cd > Cu > As > Fe > Co > Zn > Pb > Ni > Cr). Based on results the toxic concentrations are gradually increases in the soil samples due to over usage of chemical fertilizers and may be accumulated into crops, leads to ecological risk, finally agricultural soil are contaminating by heavy metals in our study area.
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Smart, M. O., B. O. Okumodi, D. E. Ibiyeye, A. E. Roberts, O. O. Olunloyo, A. S. Adeoye, and O. H. Ibironke. "Concentration and Ecological Risk Assessments of Potentially Toxic Elements in Soils around Lapite Dump Site, Akinyele Local Government Area, Ibadan, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 28, no. 1 (January 29, 2024): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v28i1.3.
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The contamination and ecological risk posed by Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) on soils around Lapite dumpsite and its environs were assessed using different analytical techniques after complete digestion of the soil using mixed acids. Results showed that the mean concentration of chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) (153.2mg/kg, 13.83mg/kg, 137.2mg/kg and respectively) have higher concentrations than their crustal abundance (CA). The enrichment factor analysis revealed that most of the soils collected have been enriched with Pb showing the most enrichment at the upper and middle slopes while Cd is the most enriched at the downslope. The contamination factor showed that Cr, Pb and Cd are also the elements showing significant contamination with Cr and Pb moderately contaminating soil (1.54 and 1.62 respectively) and Cd showing very high contamination in the soil (17.3). The ecological risk indices revealed that only Cd has high risk of polluting the soils (519) of the study area while the whole area is considered to be at a high risk of various degrees of pollution (534). Considering the health implications of these concerned elements (Cr, Pb and especially Cd) to the body, the habitants of the study area are advised to move away from these dumpsite and also relocate their farmlands to more environmental friendly sites.
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Hasan, Manar, and Abdul-Sahib Al-Madhhachi. "The Influence of Crude Oil on Mechanistic Detachment Rate Parameters." Geosciences 8, no. 9 (September 4, 2018): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8090332.
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Iraqi soil contamination greatly influenced soil detachment. Previous researchers have not been able to predict the influence of crude oil soil contamination on either the mechanistic dimensional detachment parameter b0 or the threshold parameter b1 of the mechanistic detachment model (Wilson model). The aims of this research were (1) to investigate the influence of crude oil on deriving Wilson model parameters, b0 and b1, with two setups at different scales and different soil moisture contents and (2) to predict b0 and b1 in crude oil contaminated dry soils with varying levels of contamination. The “mini” JET apparatus was implemented under laboratory conditions for soil specimens packed at both a small (standard mold) and a large (in-situ soil box) scale. The results showed an inverse correlation between b0 and water content for clean soil. No correlation between b0 and soil moisture content was observed for contaminated soils. There was a huge reduction in the b0 value as the contamination time increased compared to the clean soil. This was related to the role crude oil plays in soil stabilization. Crude oil contamination significantly increased lead contamination level while slightly increasing the pH and total organic carbon. The influence of crude oil on mechanistic soil detachment can be predicted with a priori JET experiments on soils without crude oil based on crude oil parameters.
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Ingraffia, Rosolino, Gaetano Amato, Vincenzo Bagarello, Francesco G. Carollo, Dario Giambalvo, Massimo Iovino, Anika Lehmann, Matthias C. Rillig, and Alfonso S. Frenda. "Polyester microplastic fibers affect soil physical properties and erosion as a function of soil type." SOIL 8, no. 1 (June 29, 2022): 421–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-421-2022.
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Abstract. Microplastics are recognized as a factor of global change contaminating many environmental compartments. Agricultural soils are very likely to receive microplastic contamination and are of particular concern due to their role in food production. Microplastic fibers have already been shown to be able to affect soil properties, but their effect on different soil types is poorly understood. Moreover, limited information is available on how the presence of this pollutant can affect soil water erosion processes, which are extremely important issues in many environments. In the light of this, we performed two experiments (carried out on a microscale) to investigate how the presence of polyester microplastic fibers affects soil physical and hydrological parameters and processes such as aggregate formation and soil erosion in three different agricultural soil types (a Vertisol, an Entisol, and an Alfisol). Our data show that the effects of polyester microplastic fibers on soil physical parameters and erosion are strongly dependent on soil type. We found that microplastic fiber contamination can affect soil bulk density, capacitive indicators of soil physical quality, and decrease the formation of new aggregates (labile in the incubation period applied in our experiments) but did not affect their stability in water. However, we found that polyester microplastic fibers reduced soil loss and sediment concentration, especially in the most erodible soils. In this paper, we provide some hypotheses, but certainly future data are still needed to confirm or disprove our hypotheses. Overall, our results highlight the importance of broadly exploring soil properties, such as texture, mineralogy, organic carbon content, etc., to better understand how the various soil types respond to microplastic fiber contamination.
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Sirotiuk, Emiliya A., and Saida R. Zhemadukova. "DETERMINATION OF SOIL QUALITY IN MAYKOP BASED ON THE CONTENT ANALYSIS OF SOIL ALGAE AND CYANOBACTERIA." Ecologica Montenegrina 14 (October 30, 2017): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2017.14.14.
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The paper presents the results of the study on soil quality in Maykop using algae indication. The findings suggest soil contamination by heavy metals and oil products, and the beginning of destructive processes. The city center is recognized to be the most unfavorable ecological area of the city. There are no diatoms in soil cyanoalgological sinusiae ‒ a key indicator of oil contamination of soils. On the contrary, cyanobacteria prevail, which are resistant to soil contamination with oil products and heavy metals. One of the main environmental problems in Maykop is soil contamination with heavy metals and oil products. The main contributor to soil contamination is city transport and housing and public services. Pollutants enter soil through precipitation and leaf and branch shedding, deposit from the air, and are directly absorbed by moist soil. The results of algological studies suggest that destructive processes have begun in the soils in Maykop. This is evidenced by the composition of soil cyanoalgological sinusiae and by the population of main groups of microphototrophs. The most ecologically disadvantaged city district is «Central Market».
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Wyszkowska, J., J. Kucharski, and E. Boros. "Effect of nickel contamination on soil enzymatic activities." Plant, Soil and Environment 51, No. 12 (November 20, 2011): 523–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3627-pse.
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The effect of soil contamination with nickel applied in the doses of 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg Ni/kg of soil on the activity of dehydrogenases, urease and acid and alkaline phosphatase was studied in a pot experiment. Heavy loamy sand and silty light loam were used in the experiment that comprised of two series: with spring barley cultivation and without plant cultivation. The enzyme activity was determined on day 14, 28, 42 and 56 of the experiment. Based on the study, it was found that soil contamination with nickel applied as NiCl<sub>2</sub>.6 H<sub>2</sub>O decreased the activity of dehydrogenases, urease and acid and alkaline phosphatase. This decrease was determined by the applied dose of this metal. Nickel exhibited a stronger effect on the soil with spring barley cultivation than on the unsown soil. In the heavy loamy sand sown with spring barley, more than 50% inhibition of the activity of dehydrogenases was caused by 300 and 400 mg Ni contamination, and in the case of urease by 200, 300 and 400 mg Ni/kg of soil. In the silty light loam sown with spring barley, more than 50% decrease in the activity of dehydrogenases and alkaline phosphatase was observed under 400 mg Ni contamination. The inhibition of the other enzyme activities did not exceed 50%. Urease and alkaline phosphatase exhibited a higher activity in the heavier soil, whereas dehydrogenases and acid phosphatase exhibited a higher activity in the lighter soil. In the nickel-free soil, spring barley cultivation had a positive effect on the enzyme activity and a positive correlation between the spring barley yield and the activity of dehydrogenases, urease and acid and alkaline phosphatase was observed.
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Dmytrukha, N. M., K. P. Kozlov, and O. V. Herasimova. "Soil contamination with heavy metals: a hygienic concern." Ukrainian Journal of Occupational Health 2024, no. 1 (March 31, 2024): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33573/ujoh2024.01.066.
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Savich, Vitaliy, Andrey Sorokin, Vladimir Sedykh, and Vasily Rashkovich. "Kinetics of soil contamination with heavy metals." АгроЭкоИнфо 2, no. 50 (March 9, 2022): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/202122205.
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The paper shows that the rate of soil contamination with heavy metals depends on a combination of soil properties: humus content, cation absorption capacity, granulometric composition of soils. The rate of absorption of heavy metals in soils depended on the position of the soils in the catena. On ordinary chernozems for plateaus and slopes, the content of mobile forms of lead was estimated by the equation: Pb = 20.1 - 0.02 N cm, where H is the depth of the layer r = -0.72, for the accumulative relief of the beam Rb = 27.4 - 0.14 N cm, r = -0.86. The rate of accumulation of heavy metals in soils differs for gross and mobile forms of compounds, for short-term and long-term forecasts. Thus, the change in the content of mobile forms of lead in chernozems was estimated by the equation: Y = 0.143t + 1.42; R2 = 0.6; for cadmium, Y = 0.003t + 0.0003; R2 = 0.9. For the short-term forecast, Rb = 0.143t + 1.42, R2 = 0.63; for the medium-term forecast, Rb = 0.417t + 1.7; R2 = 0.71. It is proved that when making forecasts of soil pollution with heavy metals, it is necessary to take into account the combination of soil properties, the position of the relief, the forecast period - the growing season, a number of years. Keywords: HEAVY METALS, SOIL POLLUTION, KINETICS OF PROCESSES, FORECAST
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Statescu, Florian, and Dorin Cotiusca-Zauca. "HEAVY METAL SOIL CONTAMINATION." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 5, no. 5 (2006): 1205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2006.098.
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Aoki, Seiji. "Soil Contamination Countermeasures Law." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 57, no. 10 (2003): 1475–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.57.1475.
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Sharpley, Andrew. "Soil and Water Contamination." Journal of Environmental Quality 36, no. 2 (March 2007): 607–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0021br.
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Li, Hui. "Petrology’s Role in Unveiling Geochemical Controls on Soil Contamination: China’s Environmental Assessment (2000-2022)." Innovation in Science and Technology 3, no. 1 (January 2024): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/ist.2024.01.06.
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This review explores the pivotal role of petrology in unraveling geochemical controls on soil contamination, focusing on China’s environmental assessment from 2000 to 2022. Petrology, as a cornerstone of geology, investigates rocks’ mineral composition and origin. In the context of soil contamination, it elucidates the geological factors influencing soil composition, contaminant sources, and their interactions. The paper examines the interconnectedness of petrology and geochemistry, emphasizing their symbiotic relationship in understanding soil contamination. Key sections include an overview of petrological techniques, historical context of soil contamination in China, geochemical patterns in Chinese soils, challenges, and future directions. The findings underscore petrology’s significance, offering insights into environmental policies, sustainable soil management, and recommendations for future research. The synthesis of petrological insights proves indispensable in navigating the complexities of soil contamination, fostering informed decision-making, and ensuring sustainable environmental stewardship.
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Vácha, R., O. Poláček, and V. Horváthová. "State of contamination of agricultural soils after floods in August 2002." Plant, Soil and Environment 49, No. 7 (December 10, 2011): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4129-pse.
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Sixteen soil samples from agriculturally used soils flooded in August 2002 were taken because new information about the state of soil contamination was required. The area in the Vltava river basin from Pragueto Mělník and in the Laberiver basin from Neratovice to Děčín was investigated. The samples were taken in September 2002 and analysed for the contents of potentially risky elements and persistent organic pollutants, including persistent dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans. The results were compared with the data from the project Labe 1992. The findings show a low soil load of potentially risky elements and a slight reduction of their contents in soil in comparison with the state in 1992 (except for vanadium). The same situation was observed in the case of persistent organic pollutants. Only the content of DDT was increased in the soils of most localities after floods in August 2002. This finding needs further observations on a larger collection of samples. The dreads resulting from expected soil contamination by dibenzodioxins from Spolana Neratovice factory were not confirmed and their contents in the soils of observed localities meet the requirements for plant production without any reduction.
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Rybalova, Olha, Hanna Korobkova, Oleksandr Chynchyk, Tatyana Stryzhak, and Oleksandr Bondar. "Environmental assessment of soil contamination by trace metals." 57, no. 57 (December 1, 2022): 307–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2022-57-23.
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The main purpose. The purpose of this research is to develop a method for determining the level of heavy metal contamination in the soil. For this end, the following tasks are set: - to develop a method for the integrated assessment of heavy metal contamination in the soil at the regional and local levels; - to identify the most heavy metal contaminated regions of Ukraine; - to estimate the level of hazard of heavy metal contamination in the soil for territories with different types of land use; - to assess the pollution of soils with heavy metals as a result of hostilities in Donetsk and Luhansk regions. Methodology. The method takes into account the soil morphology, genezises, trace metals background concentrations and based on the development of the self-purification index for various soils in different regions of Ukraine. According to the proposed method soils have been classified by trace metals contamination. Results. At the local level, trace metals in soils were assessed for urban recreational areas, highways and roads, landfills and industrial zones. The soils in recreational areas were classified as ‘good’, highways and roads are classified as ‘satisfactory’ and ‘poor’, industrial and landfill was classified as ‘very poor’ according to the trace metals contamination. At the regional level, the highest contamination Class was given to the soils of Donetsk and Luhansk regions due to the highest density of industrial areas and performed military activities. The environmental assessment of trace metals contamination in soils due to the military activity was performed for these regions. The results of trace metals determination in Kharkiv according to this method indicate that the most dangerous areas are domestic waste landfills and facilities of the industrial companies. Recreation zones are ranked in Class 2. and the territory near the highways are assessed in quality Class 2 and 3. Assessment of the hazard level of trace metal contamination in the soil by the proposed method will allow making a scientifically substantiated decision on the priority of implementation of environmental measures. Scientific novelty. The paper presents a new method of assessing soil contamination with heavy metals at the regional and local level. The advantage of this method is taking into account the hazard class of pollutants and the self-cleaning index. A new classification of the level of danger of soil contamination with heavy metals has been developed. Practical significance. The use of the proposed methodological approach will contribute to obtaining comparable data when assessing the level of soil contamination by heavy metals and determining the priority of implementing environmental protection measures and increasing the level of environmental safety, which is especially relevant for the post-war recovery of our country.
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Xin, Xiaoping, Jiali Shentu, Tiequan Zhang, Xiaoe Yang, Virupax C. Baligar, and Zhenli He. "Sources, Indicators, and Assessment of Soil Contamination by Potentially Toxic Metals." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 29, 2022): 15878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315878.
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Soil pollution caused by potentially toxic metals has become a worldwide environmental issue. Geogenic processes and anthropogenic activities are two important sources of soil pollution. Soils may inherit toxic metals from parent materials; however, soil pollution mostly results from industrial and agricultural activities. Contamination by metals can be indicated by the changes in chemical, biochemical, and microbial properties of soils and plant responses. The total concentration of toxic metals in soil is still the most widely used indicator for risk assessment although extractable amounts have been reported to be more closely related to plant uptake. Several models have been proposed for assessing soil contamination by toxic metals, but none of them are commonly accepted for application to a wide range of soils. This review paper highlights how toxic metal contamination negatively affects soil and environmental quality, impacts food quality and security, and poses a threat to human health. Further research is needed to not only improve soil contamination diagnosis, modeling, and regulatory standards but also for remediation efficiency.
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Suska-Malawska, Małgorzata, Assem Vyrakhamanova, Marya Ibraeva, Maksat Poshanov, Marcin Sulwiński, Kristina Toderich, and Monika Mętrak. "Spatial and In-Depth Distribution of Soil Salinity and Heavy Metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cu) in Arable Irrigated Soils in Southern Kazakhstan." Agronomy 12, no. 5 (May 17, 2022): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051207.
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Most irrigated lands in the Republic of Kazakhstan are in its southern part, in the large deltas and ancient alluvial plains in the basins of the rivers Syr Darya and Ili. The combination of climatic features and anthropogenic pressures leads to increased salinity and contamination of cultivated soils in this region, resulting in a qualitative and quantitative decline in crop production. The study’s primary goal was to assess soil secondary salinity and selected heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni and Cu) contamination in irrigated arable soils. To identify the potential source of soil pollution, we compared the concentration of salt and heavy metals (both total and mobile forms) in different soil types in three depths of soil profiles obtained from irrigated cultivated and non-cultivated (abounded) territory in the Shauldara massif in the southern part of Kazakhstan. All studied soils are prone to secondary salinization with either a medium or high content of sum of salts with domination by Na+ among cations and by SO42− among anions. The soil contamination with heavy metals was low, and, in most cases, except for cadmium, it was below the limits developed for arable soils in most countries. Soil contamination with cadmium results from contamination of the water used for irrigation of farmland.
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Afonne, Onyenmechi Johnson, Jane Ugochi Chukwuka, Emeka Chinedu Ifediba, and Ejeatuluchukwu Obi. "Pollution indices of heavy metal contaminants in typical agrarian soil samples in Ihiala, South-East Nigeria." Health and Environment 3, no. 1 (2022): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.25082/he.2022.01.005.
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The contamination of soil with toxic metals poses serious threats to the survival of living organisms including humans. We determined the contamination levels of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni) in soil samples from a typical agrarian soil in Nigeria, using various single and complex geochemical indices along with principal component analysis (PCA) for source determination. Ten soil samples (S1-S10) were collected from depths of 20 cm, with a clean shovel and brush from farmlands in Ihiala, South-East Nigeria. Three single pollution indices: geoaccumulation index (Igeo), pollution index (PI) and ecological risk index (Er), as well as four complex indices: pollution load index (PLI), Nemerow pollution index (PINemerow), average single pollution index (PIave) and Potential ecological risk (RI) were used for the geochemical analysis. The mean soil levels of Cd (1.94ppm) and Pb (60.83ppm) exceeded their corresponding world averages. The results of the single pollution indices of the soil samples revealed heavy Cd, moderate Pb and low Ni, Cr and Cu contaminations, while the PIavg, PINemerow and RI graded the soil samples as moderately to seriously polluted. The correlation analysis revealed that the general contamination was mostly contributed by Cd and partly by Cr. The findings showed that Cd and Pb were the main heavy metal soil contaminants in the area. The levels of toxic metals found in the soils could pose health and ecological risks. The probable sources of these metals include pesticides use and poor waste disposal systems.
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Wei, Jing, Xiaogang Zheng, Jintong Liu, Guowei Zhang, Yanxi Zhang, Cailing Wang, and Yuanchen Liu. "The Levels, Sources, and Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in Soils from the Drinking Water Sources of Beijing, China." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 26, 2021): 3719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073719.
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Our study area is the upstream watershed of the Guanting and Miyun Reservoirs; together, these two reservoirs comprise the main drinking water source of Beijing, China. In order to prevent crop contamination and preserve the quality of the water and soil, it is important to investigate the spatial distribution and the sources of the heavy metals in farmland soils on the watershed scale. For this study, we collected 23,851 farmland surface soil samples. Based on our analysis of the concentrations of eight heavy metals in these samples, we found that the overall soil quality in our study area is excellent, but that the Cd, Cu, Zn, and Cr contamination risks are relatively high. Moreover, a percentage of samples exceeded the Cd (1.54%,), Cu (0.28%), Zn (0.25%), Cr (0.13%), Pb (0.09%), As (0.05%), Ni (0.04%), and Hg (0.02%) risk screening values for soil contamination in agricultural land. In addition to determining the spatial distribution characteristics of the heavy metal concentrations of the soil samples, we also conducted a factor analysis and an R cluster analysis (CA) whcih can gathered the similar variables to track the sources of the heavy metals. We found that the Cd, Pb, and Zn are likely sourced from a quartz syenite porphyry body and from coal-fired enterprises, while the Cr, Cu, and Ni contaminations are mainly caused by runoff from iron ore smelting. Additionally, agricultural production contributes to the local accumulation of Cu, and industrial (smelting) discharge is partially responsible for the As contamination. As a result of the atmospheric deposition of pollutants, areas with high Hg concentrations are generally centered on large- and medium-sized cities. Due to these high natural heavy metal background values, the existing and future heavy metal contamination in the watershed poses a serious ecological risk to both the soil and the surface water.
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Khalid Farooq, Akbar, Hale Wiliam HG, and Athar Alistair D Headley and Mohammad. "Heavy Metal Contamination of Roadside Soils of Northern England." Soil and Water Research 1, No. 4 (January 7, 2013): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6517-swr.
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Environmental pollution of heavy metals from automobiles has attained much attention in the recent past. The present research was conducted to study heavy metal contamination in roadside soils of northern England. Roadside soil samples were collected from 35 sites in some counties of northern England and analysed for four heavy metals (cadmium, copper, lead, zinc). Their concentrations and distributions in different road verge zones (border, verge, slope, ditch) were determined. Lead concentration was the highest in the soil and ranged from 25.0 to 1198.0 μg/g (mean, 232.7 μg/g). Zinc concentration ranged from 56.7 to 480.0 μg/g (mean, 174.6 μg/g) and copper concentration ranged from 15.5 to 240.0 μg/g (mean, 87.3 μg/g). Cadmium concentration was the lowest in the soil and varied from 0.3 to 3.8 μg/g (mean, 1.4 μg/g). Though the levels of heavy metals in roadside soils were higher as compared to their natural background levels in British soils, their concentrations in general, however, were below the ‘critical trigger concentrations’ for the contaminated soils. All the four heavy metals exhibited a significant decrease in the roadside soils with the increasing distance from the road. The border zone had the highest mean concentration of the four metals whereas the ditch zone exhibited the lowest mean concentration.
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Asadi, Touraj, Payam Najafi, Elham Chavoshi, and Mehran Hoodaji. "Effect of hydrocarbonic pollutants on the stability and soil water repellency intensity: A case study in Bandar Abbas Oil Refinery, Hormozgan province, Iran." Environmental Health Engineering and Management 9, no. 2 (April 19, 2022): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ehem.2022.12.
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Background: The contamination of soil and water with hydrocarbonic pollutants is a major environmental problem. Soil water repellency will interrupt water infiltration, and may decline plant growth and potentially trigger soil erosion. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of soil and water contamination by oil on soil water repellency, where the soil has been oil-contaminated due to mismanagement of the lands surrounding the refineries, and many of the trees in the area have dried up. Methods: Water drop penetration time test (WDPT) was performed on contaminated soils. To investigate the effect of the surface water contamination on soil, handmade soil samples were collected and successive dry/wet cycles were applied to them by contaminated and non-contaminated waters. Subsequently, soil water repellency tests, including molarity of ethanol droplet (MED), water and ethanol sorptivity were performed on soil samples. The soils were passed through a 2 mm sieve after being air-dried and the soil texture was determined by pipette method. The SWR was measured by WDPT in the area contaminated with petroleum compounds and 7 to 10 replicates were assigned to each location. In order to determine the effect of water contamination on the area soil and to measure water repellency in the laboratory, disturbed soil samples (36 samples) with a bulk density equal to 80% of the reference bulk density were prepared. Results: The results showed that soil oil-contamination causes water repellency, increased WDPT, a significant increase in water repellency index, and a significant decrease in cosθ at the level of 0.001. The effect of water contamination on the indices and cosθ were statistically significant at the 0.001 and 1% levels, respectively. Therefore, contaminated water increased the water repellency of the soil after successive dry/wet cycles. Conclusion: Significant positive correlations between organic and water repellency indices and significant negative correlations between cosθ and organic indices indicate the effect of oil-contamination of water and soil on creating and increasing the intensity of soil water repellency.
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Grechishcheva, Natalia Yu, Elena D. Dmitrieva, and Kseniya A. Starodubtseva. "REMEDIATION OF OIL-CONTAMINATED SOILS WITH COMPOSITIONS BASED ON HUMIC ACIDS." ChemChemTech 67, no. 7 (May 30, 2024): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20246707.6927.
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In addition to conventional methods, nowadays new approaches and technologies based on combined application of sorbents and microorganisms are intensively developed for efficient control of oil contaminations. As a biotechnological solution for remediation of various oil-contaminated soils, biocompositions based on an organic matrix – humic acids of peat, and a biological component – a single strain/or an association of oil degrading microorganisms of the genera Rhodococcus and Pseudomonas, have been studied. The efficiency assessment of oil contamination biodegradation using biocompositions was carried out on different types of model oil-contaminated soils with different levels of contamination: grey forest soil, Black Sea pebbles (fraction 20-50mm), constructional broken stone (fraction 10-20mm). Natural soil contaminated with oil products and samples of railroad broken stone (fractions 5-30mm and 35-50mm) were also used. It has been shown that the biocompositions based on three strains of microorganisms – ‘HA R. X5 R. S67 Ps. NF142' – possessed the highest capability of degrading oil hydrocarbons in all systems under study. Biodegradation of oil hydrocarbons upon addition of this biocompositions varied between 62 and 82% depending on the type of oil-contaminated soil, the level of contamination being very high. Monobacterial biocomposition ‘HA Ps.NF142’ has proven to be promising for remediation of oil-contaminated soil ecosystems with a high and very high level of contamination. The increase of the level of biodegradation of oil contamination of soils appears to be due to the combined action of humic acids comprising both the stimulating effect of humic acids on microorganisms – the components of biocompositions and indigenous microflora of model systems, and the detoxifying effect of humic acids in respect of oil hydrocarbons. For citation: Grechishcheva N.Yu., Dmitrieva E.D., Starodubtseva K.A. Remediation of oil-contaminated soils with compositions based on humic acids. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2024. V. 67. N 7. P. 136-143. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20246707.6927.
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Hernández-Mendoza, Christian E., Pamela García Ramírez, and Omar Chávez Alegría. "Geotechnical Evaluation of Diesel Contaminated Clayey Soil." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 13, 2021): 6451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146451.
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Soil contamination by different hydrocarbons has rapidly expanded worldwide, surpassing the self-purification capacity of soils and increasing the number of contaminated sites. Although much effort has been devoted to study the effects of diesel contamination on the geotechnical properties of soil, there is still limited available information about it. Moreover, there is no available information about the maximum diesel retention that soil can have and its effect on the geotechnical behavior of the soil. Thus, in this paper, we determined the maximum diesel retention by an unsaturated clayey soil and evaluated the impact of diesel contamination on its geotechnical properties. The results showed that the soil could only retain 12.6% of the added diesel and the excess was expulsed. At such a diesel concentration, the saturation rate of the soil was lower than 80%. Diesel contamination increased the plasticity and the internal friction angle of the soil, while its cohesion was considerably decreased. It should be noted that the matric suction of contaminated soil was lower than the one obtained for natural soil. However, its osmotic suction was considerably higher. This indicates that osmotic suction must be considered to evaluate the shear strength of contaminated soils.
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Kördel, Werner, and Michael Klein. "Prediction of leaching and groundwater contamination by pesticides." Pure and Applied Chemistry 78, no. 5 (January 1, 2006): 1081–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200678051081.
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Herein, we describe how pesticide leaching is assessed in Europe in order to fulfill EU Directive 91/414. The assessment schemes were developed to protect groundwater from unacceptable effects caused by pesticide use. They presently focus on chromatographic flow processes, which are dominant in sandy soils. Nevertheless, important regions in Europe are characterized by structured soils where transport through macropores is most relevant.Comparison of parallel field studies with isoproturon performed in sandy and silty soils showed that maximum concentration in the structured soil at a soil depth of 1 m may exceed respective concentrations in sandy soils by a factor of 60. Similar results were obtained by lysimeter studies using silty soil cores with maximum concentration of 40 μg/l at the soil bottom. These results demonstrate that preferential flow is more the rule than the exception in well-structured fine-textured soils, and pesticide losses via macropore flow may exceed losses via matrix transport considerably. All present information available for macropore flow suggest the need for greater regional assessments. Other recommendations include analysis of the influence of different soil management practices on the formation of macropores.
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Xiong, Jinbo, Liyou Wu, Shuxin Tu, Joy D. Van Nostrand, Zhili He, Jizhong Zhou, and Gejiao Wang. "Microbial Communities and Functional Genes Associated with Soil Arsenic Contamination and the Rhizosphere of the Arsenic-Hyperaccumulating Plant Pteris vittata L." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 21 (September 10, 2010): 7277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00500-10.
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ABSTRACT To understand how microbial communities and functional genes respond to arsenic contamination in the rhizosphere of Pteris vittata, five soil samples with different arsenic contamination levels were collected from the rhizosphere of P. vittata and nonrhizosphere areas and investigated by Biolog, geochemical, and functional gene microarray (GeoChip 3.0) analyses. Biolog analysis revealed that the uncontaminated soil harbored the greatest diversity of sole-carbon utilization abilities and that arsenic contamination decreased the metabolic diversity, while rhizosphere soils had higher metabolic diversities than did the nonrhizosphere soils. GeoChip 3.0 analysis showed low proportions of overlapping genes across the five soil samples (16.52% to 45.75%). The uncontaminated soil had a higher heterogeneity and more unique genes (48.09%) than did the arsenic-contaminated soils. Arsenic resistance, sulfur reduction, phosphorus utilization, and denitrification genes were remarkably distinct between P. vittata rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils, which provides evidence for a strong linkage among the level of arsenic contamination, the rhizosphere, and the functional gene distribution. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that arsenic is the main driver in reducing the soil functional gene diversity; however, organic matter and phosphorus also have significant effects on the soil microbial community structure. The results implied that rhizobacteria play an important role during soil arsenic uptake and hyperaccumulation processes of P. vittata.
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Boll, Esther S., Jens Nejrup, Julie K. Jensen, and Jan H. Christensen. "Chemical fingerprinting of hydrocarbon-contamination in soil." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 17, no. 3 (2015): 606–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3em00631j.
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Chitra, K., and G. B. Kamala. "Evaluation Of Soil Quality And Heavy Metal Contaminants In Agricultural Soils." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 10 (October 8, 2021): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/10737.
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Agriculture is an important and significant sector in all the countries. Soil serves as a natural medium for the growth of the plants. Agricultural soil should be periodically tested for the improvement of crops. Soil physicochemical properties indicates the soil nutrient content and characteristics. The physicochemical parameters and heavy metal contamination in different agricultural soils of Coimbatore were analyzed. Soil samples were collected at the depth of 15 cm from five agricultural field. Soil samples were analyzed for physicochemical parameters and heavy metal contamination in the laboratory using standard protocols. Different agricultural soil samples were analyzed for parameters like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), TDS and salinity. Macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were estimated. Micronutrients like sodium and potassium also estimated for all the samples. Heavy metals like nickel, cadmium, lead, zinc, copper and manganese were estimated to check contamination status. The results stated that, all the soil samples were acidic in nature. Paddy cultivated soil was slightly alkaline in nature. All the soil samples were non-saline. Micro and macro nutrients were present in optimum level in all the soil samples. Heavy metals were present within their threshold limit and permissible limit. The study concluded that soil physicochemical parameters and heavy metal concentrations varied in five agricultural soils. Soils are good in their physicochemical parameters. This study indicates the quality of agricultural soil and it is useful to farmers regarding the nutritional and contamination status.
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Panico, Speranza Claudia, Lucia Santorufo, Valeria Memoli, Francesco Esposito, Giorgia Santini, Gabriella Di Natale, Marco Trifuoggi, Rossella Barile, and Giulia Maisto. "Evaluation of Soil Heavy Metal Contamination and Potential Human Health Risk inside Forests, Wildfire Forests and Urban Areas." Environments 10, no. 8 (August 16, 2023): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments10080146.
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Recently, due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, many studies have focused on the assessment of soil metal contamination. The present research aimed to investigate the concentration of potentially hazardous elements (Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) in three different areas (forest, wildfire forest and urban) of the Mediterranean region. Contamination levels were further assessed calculating different indices: contamination factor (CF), geo-accumulation index (GI) and ecological risk (E). The results showed high concentrations of V, Mg and Mn in forest and wildfire forest soils, as well as high concentrations of Al, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn in urban soils. According to the contamination indices, Pb exceeded the background level in both wildfire forest and urban soils. According to human risk assessment, inhalation appeared the main route of exposure of metals in soils, especially for children. The overall cancer risk was higher than the safe level, especially for Pb. Different relationships were found between the contamination indices and the potential risk of carcinogenic effects according to the diverse metal concentrations. Particularly, wildfire soils showed human health risks mainly linked to Pb, Cu and Cr contaminations, due to human activities, and Ni, due to both anthropogenic and pedogenetic input. Instead, the urban soils showed that Zn contamination, mainly related to urban traffic, influenced the potential carcinogenetic risk in this area. The carcinogenic risk was higher than acceptable values for all the metals assessed. These findings highlighted the need to develop further management practices to protect soils from metal pollution and reduce human health risks.
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Baeva, Yuliya I., and N. A. Chernykh. "Evaluation of migration ability of polychlorinated biphenyls in the «soil-plant» and «soil-earthworms»." Hygiene and sanitation 95, no. 4 (October 28, 2019): 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2016-95-4-336-339.
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In the article there is given a hygienic assessment ofpolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contamination of soils of the city of Serpukhov of the Moscow region. For the first time there was investigated the PCB’s ability to migrate in the system "soil-earthworms", and were calculated bioaccumulation factors at the different level of soil contamination. There was performed a comparative evaluation of the accumulation of given contaminants by higher terrestrial plants and representatives of soil paedobionts (Lumbricidae worms), and revealed clear differences in these processes. There was shown the possibility of the use of earthworms as a highly sensitive bio-indicators in monitoring for soil contamination by persistent organic pollutants, even at low concentrations.
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Ushakova, Evgenia S., Tatyana I. Karavaeva, Aleksey Yu Puzik, Margarita A. Volkova, and Pavel A. Belkin. "Assessment of soil contamination at playgrounds in residential areas." Hygiene and sanitation 101, no. 1 (February 9, 2022): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-1-14-20.
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Introduction. Heavy metal pollution of soils in urban areas is a severe problem in many regions of Russia and other countries. The higher concentrations of heavy metals in playground soils represent a severe threat to children’s health. The lack of legislatively approved decisions on periodic monitoring of soil contamination in residential areas and on remediation measures does not ensure a favourable ecological situation in the urban environment. Materials and methods. The mass spectrometry method was used to analyse the gross content of heavy metals and arsenic in playground soils in residential areas of the Industrialny district of Perm in 2019. Results. The assessment of soil contamination with heavy metals and arsenic in the soils of playgrounds of residential areas of the Industrialny district of Perm indicated their unsatisfactory quality. The concentration of arsenic in the soil exceeded the MPC by up to 4.6 times, zinc-2.6 times; nickel-3.5 times; cadmium-1.7 times; copper-1.5 times. The total indicator of contamination of Zс and Zст of the soil corresponds to the permissible level. The level of soil contamination with heavy metals ranges from “low” to “moderate” based on the indicator of potential environmental risk. Limitations. The limitations of the study are related to the small number of soil samples on the territory of playgrounds and one-time sampling, which limits the interpretation of the data obtained to determine trends in soil pollution, as well as the absence of identified patterns of contaminants in soils from different sources of their inflow. Conclusion. The results suggest that it is necessary to monitor soil contamination in residential areas and implement timely remediation measures; it is necessary to make decisions at the legislative level on the soil quality management in residential areas to ensure a favourable ecological environment, taking into account domestic and foreign experience.
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Wyszkowska, J., J. Kucharski, and E. Wałdowska. "The influence of diesel oil contamination on soil enzymes activity." Plant, Soil and Environment 48, No. 2 (December 21, 2011): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4360-pse.
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A pot experiment was conducted in order to examine the influence of soil contamination with diesel oil at 0.0, 2.4, 4.8 and 7.2 ml/kg on the activity of dehydrogenases, urease, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. The results indicated that diesel oil contamination of soil strongly inhibited the activity of dehydrogenases and soil urease, but had only a slight effect on the activity of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. The negative influence of diesel oil on the activity of dehydrogenases and urease was attenuated by soil inoculation with Streptomyces intermedius spores. The potential biochemical index of soil fertility computed from the soil enzymatic activity and carbon content was negatively correlated with diesel oil contamination and positively correlated with crop yield. Biochemical properties of soil were improved by oat cultivation.
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Greim, Helmut. "Identifying Hazards and Risks of Soil Contamination." International Journal of Toxicology 16, no. 4-5 (July 1997): 477–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/109158197227080.
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The effects of contaminated soils on human health have rarely been observed, although models usually predict high exposure from contaminated soil. Such overestimation mostly results from insufficient data on the bioavailability of the chemical, which largely depends on the mobility of the compound in soil and the absorption rate via direct uptake by humans or indirectly via the food chain. It is therefore questionable to regulate soil contamination on the basis of toxicologically derived control levels because the transfer rates from soil to humans are not predictable unless very specific information on the different parameters affecting this transfer are available. Instead, soil control levels should be derived from ecotoxicological considerations or a specific evaluation of the contaminated area should be performed if contamination significantly exceeds the average. Setting soil control levels by considering effects on ecosystems including plants and possibly animals is presently being discussed by the Beratergremium für umweltrelevante Altstoffe and has been proposed previously.
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Ozibo-Igwe, Bridget, and Luke O. Anike. "Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination in Surface Soil of Ishiagu, Southeastern Nigeria." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science IX, no. VI (2024): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.51584/ijrias.2024.906003.
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Identification and quantification of heavy metals contamination in soil is very important as far as human health and environmental quality protection are concerned. Heavy metals enter the soil through natural and anthropogenic sources but contamination concern is mainly associated with anthropogenic input which is capable of increasing the natural concentration to contamination and toxic levels. Heavy metals can migrate from contaminated soil to other components of the environment with the possibility of human exposure and severe health implication. This study investigated heavy metals contamination of soils in Ishiagu area using pollution indices. Soil samples were collected at various points within the study area at depths of 0-20cm. Collected soil samples were analyzed for total metal concentration using ICP-OES after Aqua regia digestion in Bureau Veritas laboratory, Canada. The result of the analysis showed that heavy metals content in Ishiagu soil varies with location and is in the order: Zn (5 – 1450), Ni(1 – 73 ) Cu (3 – 37 )Cr(6 – 64 )Fe (2800 – 80800 )Al (2200 – 27400 ). The average concentration of the metals in the soil of the study area is in the order: Fe>Al > Zn>Cr > Ni> Cu. Based on the calculated average contamination Factors (CFs), there is moderate contamination of Zn in the investigated soil while the contamination level of other heavy metals that include Cr, Ni, Cu, Al and Fe are low; mean values less than 1(CF<1).The Igeo values calculated for each location range from practically uncontaminated with Cr, Ni, Al, Fe and Cu in all the locations to moderately contaminated with Zn in mining areas. However, the average igeo values for all the metals indicate no contamination in the study area soil. The knowledge of soil contamination status is relevant for environmental management decision.
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Theyab, Mustafa Abdullah, Hiba Kamal Lafta, Basma Mohammed Ismail, Fadila Sami Lafta, Shaima Mahmoud Mohamed, and Marwah M. Rajab. "Soil contamination status using contamination indicators and the health risk." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 4 (August 2023): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2023-4/103.
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Purpose. Knowing and evaluating the degree of pollution caused by the elements under study, and Statement of the potential environmental hazards index. in Samarra city-Iraq to know the limits of mineral pollution, because an increase of them is harmful to humans. Methodology. The first step in starting work for the current study, as the modeling was carried out in a field tour in November for each region in depth, the concentrations of heavy elements approved in the current study (manganese, copper, cadmium, mercury) using the atomic spectrometer, was used to process the results of analyzes of heavy elements in soils and represent them graphically and statistically, and then write the research in its final form. Finding. To find out the source of soil pollution, whether it is a natural source or human-induced, in addition to the application of two models of environmental risk indicators. (Environmental risk factor and potential environmental risk index) to find out how the elements are dangerous to the plant or animal environment. Originality. In this study measuring soil pollution is determined by the Contamination factor, Pollution Load Index, Degree of contamination, Ecological risk factor, and Potential Ecological Risk Index. Practical value. In the study area (1M on the right side, 2M on the side behind the SDI Factory, 3M inside the SDI Factory, and 4M on the left of the SDI Factory), which primarily shows an increase in the concentrations of the element’s cadmium and mercury in all areas of the study area by comparing them with the concentrations of the same elements in the earth’s crust.
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Li, Yan Mei, Xiao Yong Zhou, and Jun Yang. "Investigation on Soil Physiochemical Properties and Heavy Metal Contamination Characteristics in Two Types of Sites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 665 (October 2014): 547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.665.547.
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We investigated soil physiochemical properties and heavy metal contamination characteristics in steel and chemical sites, aimed to provide theoretical basis for future site remediation. Results indicated that: soils in both sites showed sandy and alkaline trend. Soil total phosphorus, total potassium, and available nitrogen content in steel site, and total and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in chemical site were lower than that in farmland soil. Soil lead and zinc contamination in steel site and soil arsenic contamination in chemical site should be given priority in remediation. In addition, cadmium and arsenic risk in steel site and mercury risk in chemical site should also be paid sufficient attention.
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Liu, An Ping, Xiao Nan Sun, Fan Yang, Xiao Song Sun, and Shu Chang Jin. "Quantitative Evaluation of a Typical Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Site." Advanced Materials Research 414 (December 2011): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.414.51.
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Petroleum contamination in soil has become one of the important contamination issues. Aiming at large areas petroleum contamination in soil, this paper introduce risk assessment and contamination quantitative calculation method. Based on risk assessment model and related quantitative calculation method, select a specific petroleum contaminated site, conduct risk assessment for it and then calculated the volume of contaminated soils. As a research case, the study can provide guidance to the preliminary investigation and a basis for effective remediation.
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OLU, Joshua, Hajara Oyiza YUSUF, Charity Irekpita AKHIGBE, and Oluchi Cynthia ABIAMERE. "Heavy metal contamination, pollution indices and health risk assessment of soil around an asphalt production company in Badagry, Lagos, Nigeria." Environmental Studies Journal 1, no. 1 (February 10, 2022): 14–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/esj/2202.10.0120.
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In the environment, heavy metal contamination tends to be ecologically important considering its toxicity and pollution of the soil. It constitutes some levels of risks and hazards to humans and the ecosystem. This study assessed the heavy metal contamination, pollution indices and associated health risk of soil around an asphalt production company. A total of 13 soil samples were obtained around asphalt plant. The heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), cobalt (Co) and zinc (Zn) were analyzed. Also determined were the contamination factor (CF), cancer risk (CR), degree of contamination (DC), ecological risk index (ERI), Geo-accumulation index (Igeo), hazard index (HI), lifetime cancer risk (LCR), Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI), pollution load index (PLI), pollution index (PI) and target hazard quotient (THQ), and they were used in estimating pollution and health risk. The ranges of Cd, Pb, Co, Fe and Zn in the samples were: 0.006-0.11, 0.09-0.34, 0.06-0.22, 0.09-184.41 and 0.39-3.15 mg/kg respectively. The Igeo, CF, ERI, PLI, DC, NIPI and PI values of the metals were within uncontaminated level. The metals THQ and HI values were lesser than the projected limit for both adults and children. The soils’ Co, Cd and Pb did not exceed tolerable CR and LCR value of 1.0×10-4. It could be suggested that the Asphalt production company activities is not contaminating the soil around them.
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Khudhur, Nashmeel, Sidra Qubad Yassin, Ahmed Saman Hassan, and Mortatha Nawzad Omar. "Applying Some Indices for Soil Pollution Assessment in Northern Industrial Area from Erbil Governorate." Al-Qadisiyah Journal Of Pure Science 26, no. 4 (July 17, 2021): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29350/qjps.2021.26.4.1385.
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Soil pollution by some heavy metals including: Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Cd and Pb from northern industrial area of Erbil City was assessed. The contamination indices including: geoaccumulation (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), degree of contamination (Cdeg), pollution load index (PLI) and element contamination index (ECI) were applied to assess soil pollution in Erbil North Industrial area at three sites (for both surface and sub-surface soils). Maximum Fe value 34243.6 ppm was recorded in sub-surface soil (site 2). Maximum values 265.4, 248.8, 98.23 and 397.45 ppm were recorded for Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn at sub-surface soil (site 3). Whereas, maximum values of 22.52, 5.36, 23.9, 6.12 and 65.67 ppm were recorded for As, Mo, Ag, Cd and Pb at surface soil (site 3). Results of analysed heavy metals for soil Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Ag, Cd and Pb have shown that the studied sites were severely contaminated with Cd, so the maximum detected Cd concentration was 6.12 ppm in surface soil (300 meters away from the industrial area). The soil pollution in the studied area was classified as moderate to strong surface and sub-surface soil contamination. Behavioral toxicity experiment showed slight growth effect on Lepidium sativum L.
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Adekunle, A. A., O. Omobolaji, U. I. Isaac, and A. T. Akinbami. "Effect of Acid Contamination on the Geotechnical Properties of Cohesive Soils from Oke-Ejigbo area of Abeokuta, South-western Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 25, no. 6 (November 3, 2021): 957–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v25i6.9.
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Environmental degradation is a threat to the ecosystem and natural resources. The research investigated the effects of hydrochloric acid contamination on the geotechnical properties of cohesive soils obtained from Oke-Ejigbo area of Abeokuta, South-western Nigeria. The materials used are hydrochloric acid as contaminant, red clay (RCA) and white clay (WCA) soils respectively. The results of optimum moisture content, maximum dry densities, California bearing ratio and unconfined compressive strength of RCA and WCA subjected to 60 days acidic contamination period are (14.88 and 16.21%), (18.30 and 17.93 kN/m3), (5.93 and 11.29%), (89.81 and 87.54 kN/m3) respectively. The acid-soil interaction reduces the geotechnical properties of the cohesive soil samples with an increase in the period of contamination. Furthermore, the contamination period directly affects the strength of the soils due to the change in soil plasticity and structure caused by the pollutant.
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Zhichkina, Lyudmila, Marina Mirgorodskaya, Kirill Zhichkin, Alexey Marenkov, Ismoil Ergashev, Alexey Tumanov, and Andrei Volgin. "Assessment of degradation transformations of agricultural lands." BIO Web of Conferences 113 (2024): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411304001.
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The use of soil for the production of crop products leads to changes in the natural properties of soils and their natural state. When various situations arise, soil properties can change in different forms and with unequal degrees of severity; a process that worsens quantitative and qualitative properties is defined as soil degradation. The significant role of soil in people’s lives should serve as an incentive for its rational use and to prevent the occurrence of degradation transformations leading to a decrease in its environmental and production functions. The purpose of the research is to assess soil contamination of agricultural lands in the Samara region with insecto-acaricides and herbicides. Objectives: - to establish the average and maximum content of residual quantities of pesticides in soils; - determine the area of contamination with residual quantities of pesticides. The research was carried out in 7 districts (Bezenchuksky, Syzransky, Stavropolsky, Volzhsky, Privolzhsky, Bolshechernigovsky, Elkhovsky) of the Samara region in 2020-2022. To assess soil contamination with residual amounts of pesticides, soil samples were taken in spring and autumn to the depth of the arable layer. In selected soil samples, the residual amount of insectoacaricides (DDT, HCH, HCB, metaphos) and herbicides (prometrin, atrazine, simazine, 2.4-D, trifluralin, THAN, dalapon) was determined. The analysis of contamination of agricultural land in the study region showed that the content of controlled pesticides in soils depended on both the period of soil sampling and the year of research.
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Su, Hui, Zhang Cai, and Qi Xing Zhou. "Phytoremediation of Cadmium Contaminated Soils: Advances and Researching Prospects." Materials Science Forum 743-744 (January 2013): 732–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.743-744.732.
Full textAbstract:
More and more attention has been paid to soil contamination by heavy metals in recent years. Heavy metal contamination includes heavy metal - heavy metal contamination, heavy metal - organic contamination, and heavy metal nutrient contamination. In particular, soil contamination by cadmium (Cd) is the most typical one. In terms of the current remediation technologies, phytoremediation of Cd contaminated soil remains popular due to its low cost, environmental aesthetics and in-situ effective treatment. Therefore, screening-out and identification of Cd hyperaccumulators becomes a hotspot in this researching domain. In order to further improve the efficiency of phytoremediation, we have developed a variety of joint remediation technologies. Based on these work at home and abroad, we summed up the studying progress in this field. Some main researching contents and directions of phytoremediation for Cd contaminated soils were also proposed.
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Golovan, Yuriy. "AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGIES FOR ASSESSING SOIL CONTAMINATION." Innovative Technologies and Scientific Solutions for Industries, no. 1 (23) (April 20, 2023): 174–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/itssi.2023.23.174.
Full textAbstract:
Actuality. Studies of soil pollution assessment are based on scientific principles that define a complex system of environmental safety management in the context of increased exposure to sources of secondary dust pollution of the atmosphere. To ensure environmental safety under conditions of high levels of dust pollution, it is necessary to apply and improve the relevant models. Among the many types of environmental pollution, dust pollution of the atmospheric air and the deposition of harmful substances on the soil are particularly dangerous. This pollution can take two forms: direct emissions from industrial enterprises (primary) or the formation of secondary pollution through physical and chemical processes in places where dust-like waste is stored. Fine waste after air purification with dimensions of less than 100 microns is particularly hazardous. In modern environmental monitoring and assessment of soil pollution, special attention is paid to remote methods that allow for more effective monitoring of the impact of human activity and solving environmental problems. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles is one such method that has positive results. The purpose of the article is to solve the scientific problem of improving aerospace methods based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for monitoring and assessing the quality of soil pollution. The object of the study is the use of aerospace tools for monitoring and assessing the condition of soil cover. To achieve this goal, the following tasks have been defined: to study the current state and ways to improve the efficiency of UAVs in the system of environmental monitoring of soils; to develop models of environmental assessment; to analyze existing approaches to the use of aerospace assets for monitoring and assessing the state of soil cover. Conclusions: a methodological approach based on a modified method of the comprehensive assessment of the level of technogenic hazard of industrial facilities is proposed to assess the state of environmental safety in conditions of intense dust pollution of the atmospheric air.
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Ameh, Eneojo Godwin, Mofoloronsho Samuel Kolawole, Sunday Ojochogwu Idakwo, Caroline Ojone Ameh, and Ebo GabrielImeokparia. "Distributional Coefficients and Enrichment Studies of Potentially Toxic Heavy Metals in Soils Around Itakpe Iron-Ore Mine, North Central Nigeria." Earth Science Research 6, no. 1 (December 27, 2016): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/esr.v6n1p85.
Full textAbstract:
Soil samples were collected randomly but uniformly distributed around Itakpe iron-ore mines in both dry and wet seasons. Surface soils were collected from 0cm to 10cm using stainless steel augers and located using Global Positioning System (GPS). Soil samples were air-dried, sieved through 500um mesh and 1.0g digested, evaporated and analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS).Five (5) geo-environmental indices were used to quantitatively evaluate the degree of soil contamination due to iron ore mining. The anthropogenic factor (AF) for both seasons revealed that all heavy metals have greater than 50% AF except for Cd in the dry season. The geo accumulation index (Igeo) for both seasons showed background concentration to unpolluted for Cu and Zn while Fe, Ni, Cdand Pb recorded moderately to very highly polluted. The pollution index (Eri), showed tiny hazard level for all the heavy metals in dry season and in wet season, Cd and Ni recorded strong hazard level while tiny hazard level were observed for Cu and Pb. The ecological pollution index for the area is strong (RI=323.25). Dry and wet season enrichment factor (EF) revealed background concentration for all the heavy metals except Fe with EF> 40 (extremely high enrichment). While contamination factor (CF) was very high for Fe in both seasons, Cu and Ni recorded considerable to very high contamination in dry season. The wet season also revealed considerable contamination for Ni and Cd; moderate to considerable contamination for Cu, Zn and Pb. The sites in both seasons have experienced various degrees of deterioration but more significant in wet season. Based on these indices, the soils around Itakpe iron-ore area has suffered significant degrees of contaminations with respect to Fe, Ni, Cd and Pb.
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Xu, Hui, Wen Jun Xie, and Zhao Hua Lu. "Petroleum Contaminated Soil Remediation Using Six Wild Plant Species in the Yellow River Delta." Applied Mechanics and Materials 246-247 (December 2012): 598–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.246-247.598.
Full textAbstract:
The tolerance and remediation efficiency of six local wild plant species in petroleum-contaminated soils in the Yellow River Delta were conducted at three contaminated levels, i.e., uncontaminated soil (control), soil contamination by petroleum at 1.48% (w/w, TI), and soil contamination by petroleum at 2.96% (w/w, TII). After 60 days, six plant species showed different petroleum contamination tolerance and degradation capability in soil. The degradation ability of Setaria viridis, Alopecurus pratensis and Echinochloa crusgalli(L) Beauv was significantly higher than that of Festuca elata, Eleusine indica (P<0.05). Suaeda salsa had the least degradation ability. Plant had the high ability to degrade petroleum in the weak pollution soil, which might be due to the low re-straining effect on plant growth. Based on their petroleum contamination tolerance and removal ef-ficiency, we suggest Alopecurus pratensis, Setaria viridis, Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv and Festuca elata are suitable for petroleum-contaminated soil remediation in the Yellow River Delta.