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Journal articles on the topic 'Soil consumption by urbanisation'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Fitzhugh, Hank. "Contribution of livestock to food production in developing countries." Agricultural and Food Science 7, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72859.

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On a global basis, livestock products - meat, milk, eggs and fibre - account for 40% of the value of total marketed agricultural product. Animal products provide essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals to help ensure nutritionally balanced diets. In developing countries, livestock traction and manure also contribute to food production through improved cultivation and soil fertility which increase crop yields. On average, the proportional contribution of livestock product to dietary calories and protein in developed countries is double that for developing countries. Demand for livestock products is fuelled by the population increase, income growth and urbanisation in developing countries. Therefore, over the past decade, consumption of livestock product has sharply increased in developing countries, while slightly decreasing in developed countries where consumption is already relatively high on average. Increased demand in developing countries increases income for producers, but also stresses the environment through pollution, soil erosion, overgrazing and deforestation. Research involving global partnerships of scientists and institutes can help ensure that the increased demands for livestock product in developing countries will be met in economically feasible and environmentally sustainable ways.

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2

Manna, Ashim Kumar. "Regional Resource Urbanism, Envisioning an Adaptive Transition for the Urbanising Periphery of Kathmandu." International Journal of Environmental Science & Sustainable Development 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/essd.v6i1.788.

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Despite a strong tradition of harmony between the landscape and its settlements, Kathmandu's periphery now stands altered due to the contemporary challenges of modernisation. It has become the contested territory where rapid urbanisation and infrastructure projects conflict with the valley's last remaining resources. i.e., fertile soil, floodplains, water sources, forests and agricultural land. The periphery is essential in preserving the remaining agricultural landscape, which is the mainstay of the numerous traditional communities of Kathmandu. Both the occupants and the productive landscape are threatened due to haphazard urbanisation and future mobility projects, resulting in speculative and uncontrolled sprawl. A detailed investigation was conducted on a site 15km south of Kathmandu to address the city's landscape challenges. The chosen investigation frame presented the suitable conditions to study and test strategies posed by the research objectives. The research utilises landscape urbanism and cartography to reveal the landscape's latent capacities, identify the spatial qualities, stakeholders and typologies involved in the production and consumption of resources. The study identifies existing resource flows and their ability to generate future scenarios. Systematic design strategies were applied in resource recovery projects by optimising enterprising capacity building within communities after the earthquake. The research recognises the merit in existing practices, community networks, the ongoing post-earthquake rebuilding efforts in offering an alternative design strategy in which landscape becomes the carrying structure for the sustainable reorganisation of Kathmandu's periphery.

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3

Cavalieri, Anthony, Andrew Merchant, and Elizabeth van Volkenburgh. "Why not beans?" Functional Plant Biology 38, no. 12 (2011): iii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fpv38n12_fo.

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Changes in climate and urbanisation rapidly affecting human livelihood are particularly threatening to developing nations in tropical regions. Food production crises have focused the global development agenda on agricultural research, a proven approach for increasing crop yield. A few crops benefit from private investment, but improvement of most crops will rely on limited public funding that must be deployed strategically, pushing forward both proven approaches and new ideas. Why not invest in beans? More than 300 million people rely on this crop, considered to be the most important grain legume for human consumption. Yet the yield of beans, especially in poor regions or marginal soils, is reduced by abiotic stresses such as phosphorus deficiency, aluminum toxicity and especially drought. Is it possible to assemble resources, including genetic diversity in beans, breeding expertise, genomic information and tools, and physiological insight to generate rapid progress in developing new lines of beans more tolerant to abiotic stress? A workshop to address this question was held in November 2010 at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) in Colombia. The resulting ‘call to action’ is presented in this issue which also includes research papers focused on tolerance of beans to stress.

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4

Yurdakul, Funda. "Correlations between energy consumption per capita, growth rate, industrialisation, trade volume and urbanisation: the case of Turkey." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 10 (January 12, 2018): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v4i10.3085.

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This study examines the relationship of energy consumption per capita with growth rate, industrialisation, trade volume and urbanisation in Turkish economy throughout the 1980–2015 period using the Engle-Granger, Fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), canonical cointegration regression (CCR) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) methods. Analysis results revealed a long-run equilibrium relationship between the change in energy consumption per capita and growth rate, industrialisation, trade volume and urbanisation. Urbanisation, industrialisation, growth rate and trade volume positively influence the change in energy consumption per capita. Keywords: Energy consumption, Engle-Granger method, fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) method, canonical cointegration regression (CCR), dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) method.

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5

Doichinova, Vania, Miglena Zhiyanski, and Andrew Hursthouse. "Impact of urbanisation on soil characteristics." Environmental Chemistry Letters 3, no. 4 (November 30, 2005): 160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10311-005-0024-z.

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6

Chen, Shuyang. "The Urbanisation Impacts on the Policy Effects of the Carbon Tax in China." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 15, 2021): 6749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126749.

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In the literature, very few studies have focused on how urbanisation will influence the policy effects of a climate policy even though urbanisation does have profound socioeconomic impacts. This paper has explored the interrelations among the urbanisation, carbon emissions, GDP, and energy consumption in China using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. Then, the unit urbanisation impacts are inputted into the policy evaluation framework of the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model in 2015–2030. The results show that the urbanisation had a positive impact on the GDP but a negative impact on the carbon emissions in 1980–2014. These impacts were statistically significant, but its impact on the energy consumption was not statistically significant. In 2015–2030, the urbanisation will have negative impacts on the carbon emissions and intensity. It will decrease the GDP and the household welfare under the carbon tax. The urbanisation will increase the average social cost of carbon (ASCC). Hence, the urbanisation will reinforce the policy effects of the carbon tax on the emissions and welfare.

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7

ZHOU, Zhihua. "China Launches New Urbanisation Plan (2014-2020)." East Asian Policy 06, no. 02 (April 2014): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930514000129.

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China's new leadership pins high hopes on New Urbanisation as the engine to transform China into a domestic consumption-driven economy and solve its sannong issue to ease rural and urban disparity. The recently released National New Urbanisation Plan pinpointed the external economic conditions and the problems that had emerged in the previous urbanisation orbit, and is expected to serve as a strategic, comprehensive and instructional compendium for future urbanisation.

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8

Ali, Muez. "Urbanisation and energy consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa." Electricity Journal 34, no. 10 (December 2021): 107045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tej.2021.107045.

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9

Wang, Qiang. "Effects of urbanisation on energy consumption in China." Energy Policy 65 (February 2014): 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.10.005.

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10

Jiu, Jinzhu, Hongjuan Wu, and Sen Li. "The Implication of Land-Use/Land-Cover Change for the Declining Soil Erosion Risk in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 10 (May 26, 2019): 1856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101856.

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The Three Gorges Reservoir Region (TGRR) in China is an ecologically and politically important region experiencing rapid land use/cover changes and prone to many environment hazards related to soil erosion. In the present study, we: (1) estimated recent changes in the risk pattern of soil erosion in the TGRR, (2) analysed how the changes in soil erosion risks could be associated with land use and land cover change, and (3) examined whether the interactions between urbanisation and natural resource management practices may exert impacts on the risks. Our results indicated a declining trend of soil erosion risk from 14.7 × 106 t in 2000 to 1.10 × 106 t in 2015, with the most risky areas being in the central and north TGRR. Increase in the water surface of the Yangtze River (by 61.8%, as a consequence of water level rise following the construction of the Three Gorges Dam), was found to be negatively associated with soil erosion risk. Afforestation (with measured increase in forest extent by 690 km2 and improvement of NDVI by 8.2%) in the TGRR was associated with positive soil erosion risk mitigation. An interaction between urbanisation (urban extant increased by 300 km2) and vegetation diversification (decreased by 0.01) was identified, through which the effect of vegetation diversification on soil erosion risk was negative in areas having lower urbanisation rates only. Our results highlight the importance of prioritising cross-sectoral policies on soil conservation to balance the trade-offs between urbanisation and natural resource management.

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Liu, Jing, Keyang Xuan, Nimin Xie, Jianyun Zhang, Xiaojun Wang, Zhongbo Yu, and Weiguang Wang. "Effects of urbanisation on regional water consumption in China." Journal of Hydrology 609 (June 2022): 127721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127721.

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12

Pellissier, Vincent, Françoise Rozé, Rahim Aguejdad, Hervé Quénol, and Philippe Clergeau. "Relationships between soil seed bank, vegetation and soil fertility along an urbanisation gradient." Applied Vegetation Science 11, no. 3 (February 5, 2008): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3170/2008-7-18448.

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13

van Delden, Lona, David W. Rowlings, Clemens Scheer, and Peter R. Grace. "Urbanisation-related land use change from forest and pasture into turf grass modifies soil nitrogen cycling and increases N<sub>2</sub>O emissions." Biogeosciences 13, no. 21 (November 7, 2016): 6095–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6095-2016.

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Abstract. Urbanisation is becoming increasingly important in terms of climate change and ecosystem functionality worldwide. We are only beginning to understand how the processes of urbanisation influence ecosystem dynamics, making peri-urban environments more vulnerable to nutrient losses. Brisbane in South East Queensland has the most extensive urban sprawl of all Australian cities. This research estimated the environmental impact of land use change associated with urbanisation by examining soil nitrogen (N) turnover and subsequent nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions using a fully automated system that measured emissions on a sub-daily basis. There was no significant difference in soil N2O emissions between the native dry sclerophyll eucalypt forest and an extensively grazed pasture, wherefrom only low annual emissions were observed amounting to 0.1 and 0.2 kg N2O ha−1 yr−1, respectively. The establishment of a fertilised turf grass lawn increased soil N2O emissions 18-fold (1.8 kg N2O ha−1 yr−1), with highest emissions occurring in the first 2 months after establishment. Once established, the turf grass lawn presented relatively low N2O emissions for the rest of the year, even after fertilisation and rain events. Soil moisture was significantly higher, and mineralised N accumulated in the fallow plots, resulting in the highest N2O emissions (2.8 kg N2O ha−1 yr−1) and significant nitrate (NO3−) losses, with up to 63 kg N ha−1 lost from a single rain event due to reduced plant cover removal. The study concludes that urbanisation processes creating peri-urban ecosystems can greatly modify N cycling and increase the potential for losses in the form of N2O and NO3−.

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LI, Shun, Xiaoru YANG, Daniel BUCHNER, Haitao WANG, Huijuan XU, Stefan B. HADERLEIN, and Yongguan ZHU. "Increased copper levels inhibit denitrification in urban soils." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 109, no. 3-4 (September 2018): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691018000592.

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ABSTRACTThe consequences of urbanisation for Earth's biogeochemical cycles are largely unexplored. Copper (Cu) in urban soils is being accumulated mainly due to anthropogenic activities under rapid urbanisation. The increasing Cu concentrations may contribute to altering soil nitrogen (N) cycling in urban ecosystems through modulating denitrification processes. This research aims to identify how Cu impacts urban soil denitrification functions and denitrifier abundance. An urban park soil with a background total Cu concentration of 7.9μgg–1 was incubated anaerobically with different Cu amendments (10, 20, 40, 80 and 160μg Cu g–1 soil), similar to prevalent Cu contents in urban soils. We evaluated the soil denitrification functions using the acetylene (C2H2) inhibition method and assessed the denitrifier abundance by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses of denitrifying marker genes (nirK, nirS and nosZ). At the function level, we observed that both the potential soil denitrification activity and the N2O emission rate due to denitrification were significantly (P<0.05) inhibited by Cu; even the lowest Cu addition (10μg Cu g–1 soil) drastically affected the denitrification function. Moreover, Cu significantly (P<0.05) decreased the abundance of nirK and nirS genes at the additions of 160μg Cu g–1 soil and 40μg Cu g–1 soil, respectively, whereas it had no clear impact on nosZ gene copies. Further correlation analyses revealed that the potential denitrification activity was positively correlated to the copy numbers of nirK and nirS genes, but it was not correlated to nosZ gene abundance. These findings indicate that Cu additions inhibited soil denitrification function and decreased denitrifier abundance in the investigated urban park soil. Our results suggest that Cu accumulation in urban soils, resulting from urbanisation, may generally influence denitrification in urban ecosystems.

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15

Mwangi, D. Miano, and A. Omore. "The Livestock revolution/implications – an African view." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2003 (2003): 243–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200013971.

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The rapid increase in the production and consumption of livestock and livestock products fuelled by population growth, urbanisation and increase in average per capita income has come to be known as the livestock revolution (Delgado et al 1999). A rapid growth in per capita consumption of livestock products in developing countries over the last decade (FOASTAT, 2002)

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16

Sbia, Rashid, Muhammad Shahbaz, and Ilhan Ozturk. "Economic growth, financial development, urbanisation and electricity consumption nexus in UAE." Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja 30, no. 1 (January 2017): 527–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1331677x.2017.1305792.

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17

Vinnie Jauhari. "Urbanisation and Managing Energy: Opportunities and Challenges." Journal of Technology Management for Growing Economies 4, no. 1 (April 24, 2013): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jtmge.2013.41004.

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As the world gets increasingly urbanised, there will be a consequence for energy generation, consumption and distribution. As the world population increases, there will be an increased demand for services- healthcare, transport, housing, infrastructure, information technology among others. The growing economies like India would have even greater challenges. The choice of forms of urbanization should needs to be assessed. What kind of cities would be sustainable is a question that needs more exploration? Walkability, compact housing, sustainable transport, alternate forms of energy generation are all aspects which need to be looked into. The paper focuses on what forms of urbanisation should India look at and how energy choices should be built in the planning process.

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18

Hornung, Elisabeth, Andrea Kásler, and Zsolt Tóth. "The role of urban forest patches in maintaining isopod diversity (Oniscidea)." ZooKeys 801 (December 3, 2018): 371–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.22829.

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Compositional changes in natural communities associated with anthropogenic influence often lead to localised extinctions and biodiversity loss. Soil invertebrates are also threatened by urbanisation due to habitat fragmentation, vegetation changes and management, soil alteration, degradation, and disappearing shelter sites. The aim was to assess terrestrial isopod (Oniscidea) assemblages in differently degraded urban forest patches of a metropolitan area (Budapest, Hungary). Study sites were compared by their species richness, composition and the relevant background factors (soil properties, dead wood, litter characteristics, and canopy closure). The degree of urban disturbance was expressed using an urbanisation index (UI) based on built-up density and vegetation cover. The isopods were identified to species level, and were qualified by their habitat preference and naturalness index (TINI). Average Rarity Index (ARI), derived from TINIs provided information on the degree of naturalness/disturbance of each habitat. Altogether 14 isopod species were collected from 23 sample sites. Urbanisation indirectly affected on the composition of isopod assemblages through the quantity of dead wood and soil plasticity. ARIs and UIs of sample sites were negatively correlated. Urban patches harboured habitat generalist, synanthropic and established introduced species with low naturalness value of assemblages. Areas with no or low anthropogenic disturbance maintained stable native, autochthonous assemblages that were characteristic of rural sites in the region. Transitional zones between rural and urban habitats usually maintained a mixed isopod fauna consisting of both urban and rural elements.

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19

Dar, Javaid Ahmad, and Mohammad Asif. "Do agriculture-based economies mitigate CO2 emissions?" International Journal of Energy Sector Management 14, no. 3 (December 16, 2019): 638–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-01-2019-0011.

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Purpose This study aims to fill the gap in income-environment literature by adding agricultural contribution to the nexus. The authors investigate the short-run and long-run impact of agricultural contribution, renewable energy consumption, real income, trade liberalisation and urbanisation on carbon emissions for a balanced panel of five South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries spanning the period 1990-2013. Design/methodology/approach Pedroni and Kao cointegration techniques have been used to test the existence of long-run relationship between the variables. The directions of causal relationships have been verified using Granger causality tests. Further, the long-run parameters of the baseline equation have been estimated by using the fully modified ordinary least squares, the technique developed by Pedroni, (2001a) for heterogeneous cointegrated panels. Findings The result reveals that agricultural contribution and renewable energy consumption improve environmental quality in the long run, while urbanisation and per capita real income degrade it. The study did not find any evidence of “pollution heaven hypothesis” in the selected countries. The Granger causality tests confirm bidirectional causality between carbon emissions and income and between carbon emissions and urbanisation. In addition, there is unidirectional causality running from agricultural contribution to renewable energy consumption. Originality/value This is the only study to investigate the role of agriculture sector in carbon mitigation from a panel of South Asian economies. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is also the first study to test the applicability of “pollution heaven hypothesis” for SAARC countries.

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Wang, Yuanping, Weiguang Cai, Lingchun Hou, Zhaoyin Zhou, and Jing Bian. "Examining the Provincial-Level Difference and Impact Factors of Urban Household Electricity Consumption in China—Based on the Extended STIRPAT Model." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 11, 2022): 9960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14169960.

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With increasing urbanisation, urban household electricity consumption (UHEC) has become the most dynamic aspect of China’s energy growth. However, existing studies suffer from outdated data, a small scope, and a lack of research into new influencing factors. There are significant challenges to the promotion of urban household energy-efficiency strategies, which may arise from the intervention of several new inter-provincial differences and other influencing factors. To better understand the variability, volatility characteristics, and influencing factors of change in provincial UHEC, this study analyses and assesses the influencing factors based on an extended STIRPAT model of Chinese provincial panel data from 2005 to 2020. The findings revealed rapid increases in provincial urban household electricity consumption and significant provincial differences in UHEC in China stemming from variation in economic level and energy use. Urbanisation, income, the size of the older population, and area per capita contributed to household electricity consumption. Conversely, household size, heating days (HDD), and air conditioning dampened household electricity consumption. However, television and cooling days (CDD) did not accurately explain the variation in household electricity use in this study. Finally, this study suggests targeted policy recommendations that could promote the implementation of energy-efficiency strategies in Chinese urban households.

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21

Koengkan, Matheus, and José Alberto Fuinhas. "Does the Obesity Problem Increase Environmental Degradation? Macroeconomic and Social Evidence from the European Countries." Economies 10, no. 6 (June 6, 2022): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies10060131.

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The macroeconomic effect of the obesity epidemic on environmental degradation was examined for panel data from thirty-one European countries from 1991 to 2016. The quantile via moments model (QVM) was used to realize our empirical investigation. The empirical results indicate that the obesity epidemic, electricity consumption, and urbanisation encourage environmental degradation by increasing CO2 emissions, while economic growth decreases them. Moreover, we identify that the obesity epidemic raises the environmental degradation problem in three ways. First, the obesity epidemic is caused by the increased consumption of processed foods from multinational food corporations. The increase in food production will positively impact energy consumption from non-renewable energy sources. Second, obesity reduces physical and outdoor activities, increasing the intensive use of home appliances and motorized transportation and screen-viewing leisure activities, consequently increasing energy consumption from non-renewable energy sources. A third possible way can be related indirectly to economic growth, globalization, and urbanisation. This empirical investigation will contribute to the literature and for policymakers and governments. Therefore, this investigation will encourage the development of initiatives to mitigate the obesity problem in European countries and accelerate the energy transition process. Finally, this investigation will open a new topic in the literature regarding the correlation between the obesity epidemic and environmental degradation.

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Koengkan, Matheus, and José Alberto Fuinhas. "Does the Obesity Problem Increase Environmental Degradation? Macroeconomic and Social Evidence from the European Countries." Economies 10, no. 6 (June 6, 2022): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies10060131.

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The macroeconomic effect of the obesity epidemic on environmental degradation was examined for panel data from thirty-one European countries from 1991 to 2016. The quantile via moments model (QVM) was used to realize our empirical investigation. The empirical results indicate that the obesity epidemic, electricity consumption, and urbanisation encourage environmental degradation by increasing CO2 emissions, while economic growth decreases them. Moreover, we identify that the obesity epidemic raises the environmental degradation problem in three ways. First, the obesity epidemic is caused by the increased consumption of processed foods from multinational food corporations. The increase in food production will positively impact energy consumption from non-renewable energy sources. Second, obesity reduces physical and outdoor activities, increasing the intensive use of home appliances and motorized transportation and screen-viewing leisure activities, consequently increasing energy consumption from non-renewable energy sources. A third possible way can be related indirectly to economic growth, globalization, and urbanisation. This empirical investigation will contribute to the literature and for policymakers and governments. Therefore, this investigation will encourage the development of initiatives to mitigate the obesity problem in European countries and accelerate the energy transition process. Finally, this investigation will open a new topic in the literature regarding the correlation between the obesity epidemic and environmental degradation.

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23

Krastevich, Todor, and Marusya Smokova. "Does the Degree of Urbanisation Affect Sustainable Household Consumption? (Some Empirical Evidence)." Management & Marketing. Challenges for the Knowledge Society 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 187–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mmcks-2021-0012.

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Abstract This paper is aimed at identifying the factors that shape consumers’ interest and propensity for sustainable consumption. It is focused on the differentiation of households in regard to their stated willingness to comply with the principles of sustainable consumption, as well as the identification of differences in the forms of manifestation of sustainable consumer behaviour among the households from different-sized urban areas. To achieve these objectives, first, we have evaluated a second-order factor model of CSC. We have also proposed a CSC Index model at an individual level. Second, we have conducted cluster analysis using the factor scores of the CSC Index model while considering households’ socio-demographics and the size of the urban area. We have identified two segments, ‘Sustainable conscious’ versus ‘Sustainable unconscious’. Finally, we have identified the environmental dimension as the most significant predictor of consciousness for sustainable consumption using a path model of CSC Index.

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24

Faisal, Faisal, Turgut Tursoy, Nil Gunsel Resatoglu, and Niyazi Berk. "Electricity consumption, economic growth, urbanisation and trade nexus: empirical evidence from Iceland." Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja 31, no. 1 (January 2018): 664–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1331677x.2018.1438907.

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Li, Baizhan, and Runming Yao. "Urbanisation and its impact on building energy consumption and efficiency in China." Renewable Energy 34, no. 9 (September 2009): 1994–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2009.02.015.

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Domene, Elena, and David Saurí. "Urbanisation and Water Consumption: Influencing Factors in the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona." Urban Studies 43, no. 9 (August 2006): 1605–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00420980600749969.

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Ritvik, V. G., and A. Krishnan. "SP1-83 Alcohol consumption and urbanisation in North India: a community survey." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 65, Suppl 1 (August 1, 2011): A397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2011.142976n.60.

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Sahibzada, Shamim A. "Urbanisation and Environmental Degradation in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 32, no. 4II (December 1, 1993): 639–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v32i4iipp.639-649.

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The concern over the environment is not new. But the development policymakers have recently recognised that failing to take the costs of environmental damage into account will slow down the process of raising incomes and the wellbeing of the people. This recognition is in view of the fact that economic development in both industrialised and developing countries, especially during the past half century, has not been environmentally sustainable. The current debate regarding the environmental sustainability of economic development has even challenged the very question of development. The measurement of per capita income is no longer accepted as a sufficient indicator of people's well-being when it comes to the quality of life and its sustainability over time. The true. growth rate in the Gross National Product (GNP) of a country will definitely be lower than the absolute rate if the depreciation of natural resources resulting from environmental degradation is allowed. The Indonesian growth rate of 7.1 percent in 1971-84 has been reported to be actually 4.0 percent when the depreciation of three resources i.e., petroleum, timber, and soil were taken into account [Warford and Partow (1989)].

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Kwilinski, Aleksy, Oleksii Lyulyov, and Tetyana Pimonenko. "The Effects of Urbanisation on Green Growth within Sustainable Development Goals." Land 12, no. 2 (February 20, 2023): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12020511.

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The Green Deal policy and Sustainable Development Goals require that the economic development of a country should be reoriented towards ‘green‘ economic development. Currently, the globalisation and intensification of production boosts urbanisation in many countries, which may stimulate economic growth and improve citizen well-being, but may also lead to excessive consumption of resources and negative environmental impacts. Against the backdrop of these challenges, it is expedient to estimate the effects of urbanisation on the green growth of a country and define the relevant changes and instruments for achieving green growth in a country in view of urbanisation. The research covers the EU countries and Ukraine (as an official candidate for European Union membership) in the period of 2005–2020. Applying the Global Malmquist–Luenberger productivity index (to estimate green economic growth); a fixed and random effects model, GMM modelling (to evaluate the impact of urbanisation on green economic growth), this study aimed to contribute to the theoretical framework of green economic growth by extending input and undesirable output parameters of a country’s productivity. The findings revealed that, in 2020, as compared to 2005, green economic growth went into a decline in all countries analysed, this decline stemmed from accelerated urbanisation. However, industrial structure and research and development appeared to be conducive to green economic growth, which justifies the idea that countries should focus on implementing structural reforms for the technological modernisation of infrastructure and industrial complexes to dispose of the shortcomings caused by urbanisation. To compensate for this negative impact, the findings of this research prompt a set of policy implications concerning dissemination of the green knowledge and technologies, green project implementation, reinforcement of incentive instruments and achievement of a synergistic balance of economic and ecological targets underlying the SDGs.

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Trevors, J. T. "Hydrogen consumption in soil." Plant and Soil 87, no. 3 (October 1985): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02181908.

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Zhao, Pengjun, and Mengzhu Zhang. "The impact of urbanisation on energy consumption: A 30-year review in China." Urban Climate 24 (June 2018): 940–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2017.11.005.

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Yang, Biao, Yingcheng Li, Haokun Wei, and Huan Lu. "Is Urbanisation Rate a Feasible Supplemental Parameter in Forecasting Electricity Consumption in China?" Journal of Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2465248.

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Traditional method of forecasting electricity consumption based only on GDP was sometimes ineffective. In this paper, urbanisation rate (UR) was introduced as an additional predictor to improve the electricity demand forecast in China at provincial scale, which was previously based only on GDP. Historical data of Shaanxi province from 2000 to 2013 was collected and used as case study. Four regression models were proposed and GDP, UR, and electricity consumption (EC) were used to establish the parameters in each model. The model with least average error of hypothetical forecast results in the latest three years was selected as the optimal forecast model. This optimal model divides total EC into four parts, of which forecasts can be made separately. It was found that GDP was only better correlated than UR on household EC, whilst UR was better on the three sectors of industries. It was concluded that UR is a valid predictor to forecast electricity demand at provincial level in China nowadays. Being provided the planned value of GDP and UR from the government, EC in 2015 were forecasted as 131.3 GWh.

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Mishra, Pratik. "Urbanisation Through Brick Kilns: The Interrelationship Between Appropriation of Nature and Labour Regimes." Urbanisation 5, no. 1 (May 2020): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455747120965199.

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This article follows the emergence and growth of a brick kiln cluster in Khanda village on the periphery of the Delhi’s National Capital Region agglomeration. Khanda’s landscape and ecology have been profoundly altered and shaped by brick kilns in what can be taken as a manifestation of extended urbanisation. This urbanisation is not only bound up with the urban demand for bricks but is also mediated by various situated processes that are not city-centred. The article draws attention to a number of these processes—Khanda’s history of agrarian decline as a condition of possibility for the kiln cluster, the upscaled metabolism of the soil with changing forms of commodification and the emergence of new labour processes that alter as well as reproduce historical relations of production particular to brick kilns. The article establishes dialogue between the fields of agrarian urbanism and urban political ecology to develop a situated critique of the metabolism of brick kilns. It also brings brick kilns into Marxist debates on the interrelationship between nature and labour within capitalist production through a discussion on the changing modes of appropriation of soil and its relation to everyday practices of working the soil.

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Maheshwari, B., and Keith L. Bristow. "Peri-urban water, agriculture and urbanisation." Agricultural Water Management 176 (October 2016): 263–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2016.09.009.

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Glagolev, M. V., and I. V. Filippov. "Inventory of soil methane consumption." Environmental Dynamics and Global Climate Change 2, no. 2 (December 15, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/edgcc221.

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В работе кратко описаны основные группы методов получения оценок региональных потоков газов на границе почва/атмосфера (на примере поглощения метана почвами): простейшая инвентаризация, прямое математическое моделирование и решение обратной задачи. Подробно рассмотрены различные реализации метода простейшей инвентаризации: оценка окисления в почвах разных биомов и/или разной структуры. Показано, что широко известный метод оценки окисления на основе знаний о структуре почвы статистически недостоверен (по крайней мере на уровне значимости 0.05, обычно используемом в биологических и почвенных исследованиях). В заключительном разделе работы методы простейшей инвентаризации обсуждаются в приложении к оценке поглощения СН 4 почвами России. К сожалению, эти оценки имеют весьма большие погрешности, а это явно свидетельствует о плохой изученности проблемы поглощения почвенного метана. Тем не менее, представляется, что в качестве значения годичного поглощения СН 4 почвами РФ, наиболее близкого к оценкам различных авторов, можно принять 3.6 Мт/год.

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Abd-Elmabod, Sameh K., Alice C. Fitch, Zhenhua Zhang, Ramadan R. Ali, and Laurence Jones. "Rapid urbanisation threatens fertile agricultural land and soil carbon in the Nile delta." Journal of Environmental Management 252 (December 2019): 109668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109668.

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Halfacree, Keith. "Heterolocal Identities? Counter-Urbanisation, Second Homes, and Rural Consumption in the Era of Mobilities." Population, Space and Place 18, no. 2 (March 14, 2011): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psp.665.

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Zhao, Wan Yu, Ya Ning Chen, Li Zhao, and Hui Yin. "Human impacts and sustainability of grasslands in the northern Tianshan Mountains region of China." Rangeland Journal 34, no. 3 (2012): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj11084.

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A case study of changes in the pattern of land use was undertaken to describe the impact of land-use policy reform, rapid industrialisation and urbanisation in an arid area with particular reference to the Fukang County of the Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region of western China, in the Tianshan Mountains region, between 1971 and 2006. Information was obtained from a range of sources on changes in the consumption of products and related to changes in their area of production since little exchange of crop and animal products occurred outside the County particularly during the earlier part of the period in the light of the traditional self-sufficiency in inland undeveloped counties of western China. It was found that an unrestrained boom in the consumption of energy resources and animal products to promote economic activity and to increase the standard of living of humans led to a rapidly increased production from land resources. However, continuously expanding resource consumption quickly crossed the threshold of land ecosystem rehabilitation and caused unsustainable land-use patterns, especially in the transitional grassland–cropland area. The study demonstrated that grazing land is exposed to more ecological risks than cropland and forestland, not only due to enormously expanding requirements for and decreasing supply of grazing land but also Kazak herdsmen’s inability to cope with the management of change in the use of the grassland resource largely because of their poor economic status, lack of knowledge, passive response to rapid industrialisation and urbanisation, and some cultural conflicts.

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Ahmed, S. Naveedh, Le Hung Anh, and Petra Schneider. "A DPSIR Assessment on Ecosystem Services Challenges in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam: Coping with the Impacts of Sand Mining." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 10, 2020): 9323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229323.

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River sand mining has been a concerning problem for the southern Asian developing nations. The rampant growth of urbanisation in developing countries has led to an extensive need for and consumption of sand. The Mekong River and its delta are an essential part of southern Vietnam, and also a global biodiversity hub that is currently being exhausted by intensive sand mining. The understanding of the cause–effect of the sand mining over the Mekong delta region and river, from a systems-thinking perspective, is lacking, not only with Vietnam but also with other countries along the Mekong River. The DPSIR framework (Driver–Pressure–State–Impact–Response) is a useful tool to assess and describe the cause–effect within an ecosystem to aid in a better systems-thinking approach for stakeholders, policy makers, and governance managers to draft response measures. This study used the DPSIR framework to assess the different effects of sand mining on the ecosystem services and human well-being in the Mekong River and delta region of Vietnam. Rapid population growth, urbanisation, and infrastructure development needs remain as primary drivers for the sand consumption. The DPSIR study showed a holistic view of several interlinked pressures and state changes in Vietnam’s Mekong, along with some potential responses, to form systematic, sustainable approaches for mitigating and adapting the impacts caused by extensive river sand mining.

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LIU, Jun, Shingo YABASHI, and Yu AMEMIYA. "Soil Water Consumption of Aggregate-like Soil Mixing as a Planting Soil." Journal of the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 60, no. 5 (1996): 477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5632/jila.60.477.

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Ghassemi, Hossein, Gail Harrison, and Kazem Mohammad. "An accelerated nutrition transition in Iran." Public Health Nutrition 5, no. 1a (February 2002): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2001287.

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Abstract:Objective:To describe the emergence of the nutrition transition, and associated morbidity shifts, in the Islamic Republic of Iran.Design:Review and analysis of secondary data relating to the socio-political and nutritional context, demographic trends, food utilisation and consumption patterns, obesity, and diet-related morbidity.Results and conclusions:The nutrition transition in Iran is occurring rapidly, secondary to the rapid change in fertility and mortality patterns and to urbanisation. The transition is occurring against the backdrop of lack of sustained economicgrowth. There is considerable imbalance in food consumption with low nutrient density characterising diets at all income levels, over-consumption evident among more than a third of households, and food insecurity among 20% of the population. Obesity is an emerging problem, particularly in urban areas and for women, and both diabetes and other risk factors for heart disease are becoming significant problems.

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Paul, T., N. Omot, M. Linibi, B. Myers, and G. Palaniappan. "Urbanisation and the decline in consumption and production of indigenous vegetables in Papua New Guinea." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1102 (September 2015): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2015.1102.30.

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Solarin, Sakiru Adebola, and Muhammad Shahbaz. "Trivariate causality between economic growth, urbanisation and electricity consumption in Angola: Cointegration and causality analysis." Energy Policy 60 (September 2013): 876–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.05.058.

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Zhang, Guoqin, Xuanqi Li, and Qianjun Zhao. "Resource consumption and city size: a case study of Xiamen and implications for sustainable urbanisation." International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 17, no. 4 (July 21, 2010): 350–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2010.492715.

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Delisle, Hélène, Gervais Ntandou-Bouzitou, Victoire Agueh, Roger Sodjinou, and Benjamin Fayomi. "Urbanisation, nutrition transition and cardiometabolic risk: the Benin study." British Journal of Nutrition 107, no. 10 (November 25, 2011): 1534–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511004661.

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A rising prevalence of CVD and diabetes has been observed in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in cities. The aim of the present study conducted in Benin was to examine the mediating role of nutrition transition in the relationship of urbanisation level and socio-economic status (SES) to cardiometabolic risk markers. A total of 541 subjects in apparent good health were randomly selected from the main city of Cotonou, a small town and its surrounding rural areas. SES was assessed based on a proxy for income and on education. Dietary intake and physical activity were assessed with at least two non-consecutive 24 h recalls. Scores for micronutrient adequacy and preventive diet were used as indicators of diet quality. Cardiometabolic risk markers were BMI, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, serum cholesterol and insulin resistance according to homeostasis model assessment. A more advanced stage of nutrition transition, which correlated with lower diet quality scores and less physical activity, was observed in the large city compared with less urbanised locations. More obesity and more adverse cholesterol profiles, but also lower blood pressure, were present in the large city. Urbanisation, income, sedentary lifestyle and alcohol consumption, but not diet quality, independently contributed to higher BMI and WC. Higher micronutrient adequacy was independently associated with a better cholesterol profile. The study confirmed the positive rural–urban gradient in nutrition transition and cardiometabolic risk, except for blood pressure. This risk could be mitigated by a more adequate diet, particularly micronutrient intake, and a more active lifestyle.

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Barron, O. V., D. Pollock, and W. Dawes. "Evaluation of catchment contributing areas and storm runoff in flat terrain subject to urbanisation." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 2 (February 11, 2011): 547–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-547-2011.

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Abstract. Contributing Catchment Area Analysis (CCAA) is a spatial analysis technique developed and used for estimation of the hydrological connectivity of relatively flat catchments. It allows accounting for the effect of relief depressions on the catchment rainfall-runoff relationship which is not commonly considered in hydrological modelling. Analysis of distributed runoff was based on USDA runoff curves numbers (USDA, 1986), which utilised the spatial information on land cover and soil types, while CCAA was further developed to define catchment area contributing to river discharge under individual rainfall events. The method was applied to the Southern River catchment, Western Australia, showing that contributing catchment area varied from less than 20% to more than 60% of total catchment area under different rainfall and soil moisture conditions. Such variability was attributed to a compensating effect of relief depressions. CCAA was further applied to analyse the impact of urbanisation on the catchment rainfall-runoff relationship. It was demonstrated that in addition to an increase in runoff coefficient, urbanisation leads to expansion in the catchment area contributing to the river flow. This effect was more evident for the most frequent rainfall events, when an increase in contributing area was responsible for a 30–100% rise in predicted catchment runoff.

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NAKAJIMA, Satoshi, and Kazuyoshi TATEYAMA. "OPTIMUM ENERGY CONSUMPTION FOR SOIL DENTIFICATION." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu C 66, no. 4 (2010): 869–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejc.66.869.

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Cleveland, Cory C., and Joseph B. Yavitt. "Consumption of atmospheric isoprene in soil." Geophysical Research Letters 24, no. 19 (October 1, 1997): 2379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97gl02451.

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Shively, Gerald E. "Poverty, consumption risk, and soil conservation." Journal of Development Economics 65, no. 2 (August 2001): 267–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3878(01)00137-7.

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Hayes, Matthew, and Hila Zaban. "Transnational gentrification: The crossroads of transnational mobility and urban research." Urban Studies 57, no. 15 (August 30, 2020): 3009–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098020945247.

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This introduction to the special issue introduces the contributors’ articles and identifies key themes relating to how increased transnational mobility has affected urbanisation processes in many cities, resulting in the globalisation of rent gaps. A mix of local and transnational real estate interests work to attract higher-income lifestyle migrants and tourists, often from higher-income countries to lower-income urban space in order to increase its exchange value. In the process, however, they act to reduce the use value of urban space to lower-income residents. The introduction notes that the acceleration of lifestyle mobilities moving through urban spaces, and the development of transnational lifestyles of urban place consumption, have produced new forms of gentrification – not merely the spread of an urban strategy to new cities, but the planetarisation of rent gaps. Transnational gentrification is the form of contemporary urbanisation that occurs as a result of closing these rent gaps through attraction of higher income, transnational migrants, often from high-income countries in Northern Europe and North America.

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