Journal articles on the topic 'Soil chemistry – Queensland'
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1
Perrett, Christine, Olusegun O. Osunkoya, and Cameron Clark. "Cat's claw creeper vine, Macfadyena unguis-cati (Bignoniaceae), invasion impacts: comparative leaf nutrient content and effects on soil physicochemical properties." Australian Journal of Botany 60, no. 6 (2012): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt12055.
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Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) Gentry (Bignoniaceae) is a major environmental weed in coastal Queensland, Australia. There is a lack of quantitative data on its leaf chemistry and its impact on soil properties. Soils from infested vs uninfested areas, and leaves of M. unguis-cati and three co-occurring vine species (one exotic, two native) were collected at six sites (riparian and non-riparian) in south-eastern Queensland. Effects of invasion status, species, site and habitat type were examined using univariate and multivariate analyses. Habitat type had a greater effect on soil nutrients than on leaf chemistry. Invasion effect of M. unguis-cati on soil chemistry was more pronounced in non-riparian than in riparian habitat. Significantly higher values were obtained in M. unguis-cati infested (vs. uninfested) soils for ~50% of traits. Leaf ion concentrations differed significantly between exotic and native vines. Observed higher leaf-nutrient load (especially nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) in exotic plants aligns with the preference of invasive plant species for disturbed habitats with higher nutrient input. Higher load of trace elements (aluminium, boron, cadmium and iron) in its leaves suggests that cycling of heavy-metal ions, many of which are potentially toxic at excess level, could be accelerated in soils of M. unguis-cati-invaded landscape. Although inferences from the present study are based on correlative data, the consistency of the patterns across many sites suggests that M. unguis-cati may improve soil fertility and influence nutrient cycling, perhaps through legacy effects of its own litter input.
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Aitken, RL, AJ Jeffrey, and BL Compton. "Evaluation of selected extractants for boron in some Queensland soils." Soil Research 25, no. 3 (1987): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9870263.
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Glasshouse and laboratory studies were undertaken to evaluate a range of extractants for determining the boron status of a suite of predominantly acidic soils. In addition to hot water (commonly used as an extractant for soil boron), hot 0.01 M CaCl2,, 0.05 M mannitol/0.01 M CaCl2, 0.05 M mannitol (buffered at pH 7.9, 1 M NH4OAc, 5% (v/v) glycerol and 0.01 M tartaric acid were assessed as extractants since these reagents can complex boron. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus cv. Hysun 31) was grown with three levels of applied boron (0, 0.5 and 1.0 kg B ha-1) in each of 20 soils. Relative dry matter yield, tissue boron concentration, boron uptake and relative boron uptake of control plants (0 kg B ha- l) were determined. Both hot water and hot 0.01 M CaCl2 extractable boron were related to each of these plant parameters, whereas boron extracted by the other procedures was not. Levels of boron extracted with mannitol and glycerol were very low in comparison to those displaced from the soil by the refluxing procedures. The inability of mannitol to extract boron from these soils is discussed in relation to the chemistry of mannitol-boron complexes, and it is suggested that mannitol would not be an effective extractant for boron in acid soils. Soil solution extracts (obtained after equilibration at 10 kPa matric suction) had concentrations < 0.1 �g B ml-l. Because of the low concentrations and narrow range across the 20 soils, soil solution boron was not related to plant growth parameters obtained from the glasshouse study.
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Biggs, A. J. W., K. Bryant, and K. M. Watling. "Soil chemistry and morphology transects to assist wetland delineation in four semi-arid saline lakes, south-western Queensland." Soil Research 48, no. 3 (2010): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr09127.
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Soils at 4 saline lakes (Wyara, Numalla, Wombah and Bindegolly) in semi-arid south-western Queensland were described and sampled to determine soil attributes that assist in the delineation of wetlands. Up to 4 sites were described in transects perpendicular to the lake edge. Samples from fixed depths were analysed for limited ionic chemistry and, in some cases, selected acid sulfate soil parameters. Lakebed soils were alkaline Hypersalic Hydrosols, changing to a variety of soils, including alkaline Rudosols and Podosols on adjacent lunettes and beach ridges. Gley colours and mottling were indicative of lakebed soils, while redder colours and stratification were common in soils outside the wetland. Evaporative concentration of salts at the soil surface was common in lakebed and transition zone soils, whereas leaching of salts was common in sandier soils outside the wetlands. Analysis of acid sulfate soil parameters and field evidence in the beds of Lakes Wyara and Wombah confirmed the presence of unoxidised sulfidic sediments and extensive neutralising capacity. Wave action formation of beach ridges appeared to be the most prevalent land-forming process at 3 lakes, but wind-driven deflation with associated lunette-building was evident at Lake Bindegolly. The data confirmed the value of pedological features such as texture, colour, and salinity trends in determining the boundaries of these wetlands, but also highlighted the transient nature of these features.
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Bramley, RGV, N. Ellis, RO Nable, and AL Garside. "Changes in soil chemical properties under long-term sugar cane monoculture and their possible role in sugar yield decline." Soil Research 34, no. 6 (1996): 967. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9960967.
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Soil samples from paired 'old' and 'new' sugar cane soils from 6 contrasting sites in 3 climatically contrasting areas of North Queensland were analysed to identify changes in soil chemistry resulting from continuous sugar cane monoculture. The aim was to identify soil factors that may be associated with, or act as triggers to, the expression of sugar yield decline. It was found that there was no consistent effect of time under sugar monoculture on soil chemical properties across all sites, when either the distributions of properties through the soil profile, or property values at specific depths, were considered. However, marked effects were noted at some sites with respect to some soil properties, and the lack of consistent results across all sites may therefore be attributable to the inherent differences between the soils sampled. These effects were generally consistent with soil acidification.
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Hendry, Rebecca A., and Kevin Ray Wormington. "Eucalypt forests as indicators of the gradients within the central Queensland serpentine landscape of Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 61, no. 7 (2013): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt12024.
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The eucalypt forests of the central Queensland serpentine landscape on the eastern coast of Australia are dominated by two overstorey species. These are Eucalyptus fibrosa F.Muell. subsp. fibrosa, the most dominant tree occurring throughout the landscape, and Corymbia xanthope A.R.Bean & Brooker, a serpentine endemic species which has a more restricted distribution. We hypothesised that the structure and foliage elements of the eucalypt forests could be used as biological indicators of the severity of the serpentine soils. This was tested by surveying 30 plots (50 × 20 m) within the upland landform patterns of the central Queensland serpentine landscape. The structure of the forests and abundance of the species were recorded and foliage samples from the dominant tree E. fibrosa subp. fibrosa were collected and analysed for metal and nutrient content. Soil samples from each site were collected and analysed for major cations, bio-available metals and fertility. Analysis of the data showed that there are significant correlations between the structure of the eucalypt forests and the landform patterns and soil chemistry. The relative basal area of C. xanthope is a useful measure of the severity of the serpentine soils and correlates to the soil Mg : Ca quotients. The tree E. fibrosa subsp. fibrosa was found to regulate its uptake of soil elements and cannot be used as an indicator of soil elements.
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Congdon, Robert A., and John L. Herbohn. "Ecosystem dynamics of disturbed and undisturbed sites in north Queensland wet tropical rain forest. I. Floristic composition, climate and soil chemistry." Journal of Tropical Ecology 9, no. 3 (August 1993): 349–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400007409.
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ABSTRACTThis paper introduces studies of nutrient cycling in disturbed and undisturbed rain forest plots in the upper catchment of Birthday Creek, near Paluma, North Queensland. The catchment is underlain by granite and has soils of comparatively low fertility. Differences between unlogged plots and plots disturbed 25 years previously by selective logging are still apparent. Disturbed plots have soils with higher bulk densities and pH, lower CEC, kjeldahl nitrogen and available phosphorus concentrations, and changed species composition. The data suggest that recovery from selective logging is dependent on soil fertility and intensity of disturbance.
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You, Fang, Ram C. Dalal, and Longbin Huang. "Biochemical properties of highly mineralised and infertile soil modified by acacia and spinifex plants in northwest Queensland, Australia." Soil Research 54, no. 3 (2016): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr15069.
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Root zone soil properties can significantly influence the establishment of revegetated plant communities and alter their development trajectories in mined landscapes, due to closely coupled biogeochemical linkages between soil and plant systems. The present study aimed to characterise physicochemical and biochemical conditions in soil colonised by slow-growing native plant species: Acacia chisholmii (C3, native leguminous shrub) and Triodia pungens (spinifex C4 grass) in Mt Isa, North-west Queensland, Australia. This is to provide the basis for engineering growth media and root zones suitable for supporting target native plant communities to be revegetated in mined landscapes under subtropical and semiarid climatic conditions. Litter chemistry, soil physicochemical properties, and microbial community structure based on phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) biomarker method and activities (basal respiration, net mineralisation, dehydrogenase, invertase, urease and neutral phosphatase activities) were characterised in the surface soils beneath the keystone native plant species. Results showed that soils sampled were generally infertile with low levels of total organic carbon (TOC), available nutrients and slow cycling processes with bacteria dominant microbial communities supporting the native plant species. Surface soils underneath acacia and spinifex were modified by in situ litter return, in terms of TOC, and structure and functions of microbial communities. The levels of soil microbial biomass C and N, basal respiration rate and net mineralisation rate in the acacia soil were twice as much as those in the spinifex. Microbial communities in the acacia soil had a greater fungal:bacterial ratio than in the spinifex. On this basis, growth media and root zones for revegetating native acacia-spinifex communities at local mined landscapes may be engineered by using plant organic matter remediation to supply available nutrients and to rehabilitate suitable microbial communities for in situ litter decomposition and nutrient cycling.
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Biggs, Andrew J. W., and Peter Binns. "Soil morphological and chemical profiles adjacent to a bore drain in south-western Queensland, Australia." Soil Research 53, no. 3 (2015): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14195.
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A recently abandoned artesian bore drain in south-western Queensland was sampled to investigate soil morphology and chemistry under, and adjacent to, the drain. Such drains are supplied with alkaline, sodium-rich artesian groundwater and they provide a long-term example of the impacts of these waters on soils. A Red Kandosol and a Grey Vertosol were sampled, in the drain and at 2, 4 and 25 m perpendicular to the drain. Morphological attributes indicative of long-term saturation, such as mottling, were evident around the drains, but were absent at the control sites (25 m away). At the Kandosol location, pH and exchangeable sodium were elevated within 4 m of the drain, and salinity data suggested a horizontally displaced wetting front at ~4 m from the drain. In the Grey Vertosol, which was naturally saline and sodic below 0.5 m, substantial leaching of salts had occurred around the drain, but a horizontal wetting front was also evident and exchangeable sodium was increased within 4 m of the drain. A thin, weak pan was detected in the subsoil of the Red Kandosol under the drain bank, but pans were otherwise absent under the drains. The results indicate that deep drainage is a feature not only of the Red Kandosol, but also the Grey Vertosol, despite it being sodic and despite the application of sodic, alkaline water. The findings reiterate the importance of investigating soil and water chemistry interactions when designing channels, storages and irrigation systems, in particular those using sodic–saline waters.
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Gillman, G. P., D. C. Burkett, and R. J. Coventry. "A laboratory study of application of basalt dust to highly weathered soils: effect on soil cation chemistry." Soil Research 39, no. 4 (2001): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr00073.
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Surface (0–10 cm) samples from 7 highly weathered soils in tropical coastal Queensland were incubated for 3 months at room temperature and at field moisture capacity with basalt dust applied in 2 size fractions: <150 µm and 40 µm. The basalt application was mixed at 0, 1, 5, 25, and 50 t/ha to cover situations of moderate applications as well as where the amendment might be banded to achieve high local concentrations. Basalt dust application caused desirable increases in soil pH, reduced the content of exchangeable acidic cations, increased soil cation exchange capacity, and increased the content of base cations in all soils. By determining fundamental surface charge characteristics of these variable charge soils, it was possible to show that the additional base cations released from the basalt dust were present as exchangeable cations, and that the amounts released were controlled by the number of negatively charged sites available, i.e. soil cation exchange capacity. Selected treatments were then subjected to a strong leaching environment to assess the longevity of the effects obtained. Soil properties remained virtually unchanged by the leaching treatment, except that significant amounts of monovalent K and Na were removed. At the higher rates of application, the amounts of base cations released from the basalt were small in comparison with the actual amounts applied, indicating that the amendment could be effective over a considerable period of time.
10
Thompson, CH. "Genesis of podzols on coastal dunes in southern Queensland .I. Field relationships and profile morphology." Soil Research 30, no. 5 (1992): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9920593.
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This paper is the first of a series reporting studies in the genesis of podzols and humus podzols on coastal dunes in a chronosequence that spans >700K yrs. It is concerned mainly with temporal changes in profile morphology across a podzol chronosequence and with brief descriptions of sites chosen for genetic studies. It summarizes the geology, geomorphology and general mineralogy of dune systems at Cooloola and North Stradbroke Island and briefly discusses the effects of parent material, geomorphic component, climate, dune denudation and vegetation on soil development. Its purpose is to provide a field and morphological framework for other papers in the series dealing essentially with laboratory investigations and interpretations of the chemistry, mineralogy and genesis of these subtropical soils.
11
Douglas, G. B., P. W. Ford, M. R. Palmer, R. M. Noble, R. J. Packett, and E. S. Krull. "Fitzroy River Basin, Queensland, Australia. IV. Identification of flood sediment sources in the Fitzroy River." Environmental Chemistry 5, no. 3 (2008): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en07091.
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Environmental context. During flood events, the Fitzroy River is a major contributor to the loads of suspended sediment and nutrients to the southern Great Barrier Reef. The present geochemical and modelling study provides for the first time a quantitative estimate of the temporal variation in sediment sources over an entire flood hydrograph. Basaltic soils are substantially enriched in this flood event relative to their catchment abundance. Abstract. Suspended sediment collected over a complete flood hydrograph in the Fitzroy River provided an insight into the origin and transport of sediment in this system. Strong temporal trends are evident in the proportions of catchment soil types estimated using a Bayesian mixing model in the fine (<10 μm) fraction of the suspended sediment. These temporal trends were also manifested in changes in mineralogy, major and trace element and Nd–Sr and C–N isotope geochemistry. Tertiary Basaltic soils were the most abundant catchment soil type transported in the flood event studied here, constituting 39% of the <10-μm sediment fraction, but varied between an estimated 20 and 50% of the suspended solids over the course of the flood event. The techniques used here allow quantification and comparison between flow and suspended sediment sources and are widely applicable to other river systems.
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Douglas, G. B., P. W. Ford, M. Palmer, R. M. Noble, and R. Packett. "Fitzroy River, Queensland, Australia. II. Identification of Sources of Estuary Bottom Sediments." Environmental Chemistry 3, no. 5 (2006): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en06010.
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Environmental Context. The Fitzroy River Basin constitutes a major source of suspended sediment and nutrient fluxes to the southern Great Barrier Reef. Improved land management practices to ameliorate these catchment loads require an understanding of the sediment sources and dynamics. This multidisciplinary geochemical and modelling study provides for the first time a quantitative estimate of sediment sources delivered to, and their degree of retention in, the Fitzroy River Estuary. Abstract. Sources of sediment deposited in the Fitzroy River Estuary (FRE) have been identified and quantified using an integrated geochemical, modelling and reconnaissance soil sampling approach. A companion paper (this volume) identifies the major sources of sediments in impoundments on the major river systems and sediment sampled from flood events in the Fitzroy River Basin (FRB). Sediment within the FRE may display distinct longitudinal variation with little basaltic material retained. Sediments derived from the Bowen Basin, which occupies the greatest portion of the FRB, and from the Surat Basin display the greatest longitudinal variation. All FRB soils have a similar total phosphorus (P) concentration. Thus, in considering P export from the catchment it is the total sediment flux which is of major importance, rather than the relative proportions of individual catchment soils. This research provides crucial new regional scale information on the sediment sources deposited within the FRE.
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Krull, Evelyn S., Clifford H. Thompson, and Jan O. Skjemstad. "Chemistry, radiocarbon ages, and development of a subtropical acid peat in Queensland, Australia." Soil Research 42, no. 4 (2004): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr03144.
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A subtropical peat, developed on a costal plain in southern Queensland, has been studied with respect to its morphology, radiocarbon (14C) age, total organic carbon (C) content, stable C isotopic (δ13C) values, and spectroscopic characteristics (13C-NMR and FTIR). The combination of techniques allowed for an interpretation of changes in peat development over time, an assessment of paleoclimatic changes that apparently occurred during peat growth, and a comparison with perched lake sediments on Fraser Island.Geochemical data from the peat showed a relative increase in abundance of aromatic C (which may include charcoal) from the Pleistocene to the early Holocene and much decreased abundances of aromatic C thereafter. This trend may be due to changes in fire frequency from the Pleistocene–early Holocene (high fire frequency) to the early and middle Holocene (relatively low fire frequency). This interpretation is consistent with other published data from this area, showing increased aridity, increased fire frequency and dominance of sclerophyll forest during the late Pleistocene–early Holocene.Another significant geochemical change in the acid peat occurred within the middle to late Holocene. This period is characterised by highly 13C-depleted organic matter and a comparably high alkyl C (lipid) content. These data are interpreted as indicating wetter and year-round waterlogged conditions, possibly associated with poor drainage during the Holocene sea level maximum c. 5500–3000 years BP. By comparison, abundance of alkyl C decreased and δ13C values increased in the latest Holocene. The geochemical data from the acid peat point to the occurrence of a dry phase during the late Pleistocene to early Holocene and a wet phase in the middle to late Holocene, followed by another dry phase. These data correspond well with published data of 2 phases of dune formation (dry periods) in the early to middle Holocene and in the latest Holocene for North Queensland.
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Donn, M. J., N. W. Menzies, and V. Rasiah. "Chemical characterisation of deep profile Ferrosols under sugarcane in wet tropical northern Queensland." Soil Research 42, no. 1 (2004): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr03052.
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The chemical properties of deep profile samples (up to 12 m) of Ferrosols from northern Queensland were investigated to provide an understanding of the accumulation of nitrate (NO3) within these soil profiles. The influence of other cations and anions present in the soil solution or on the exchange and the charge chemistry of the profiles were examined with respect to the NO3 accumulations. The major ions in the soil solution were Na, NO3, and chloride (Cl). Distinct regions of anion accumulation were observed; SO4 accumulated in the upper profile of all cores, whereas NO3 and Cl accumulations were restricted to the lower profile of cores with appreciable AEC (>1�cmolc/kg). Gaines-Thomas selectivity coefficients were used to indicate exchange preference for cations and anions, and are as follows: Al > Ca ~ Mg > K > Na and sulfate (SO4) > Cl ~ NO3. The selectivity of SO4 increased and the extractable SO4 decreased in the lower profile of all cores. This has important implications for the adsorption of NO3 and Cl. The NO3 and Cl accumulations were shown to correspond to a region of low SO4 occupancy of the exchange sites in the lower profile. Along with the high SO4 selectivity, this suggests that SO4 may control the positioning of the NO3 accumulations. It was concluded that the NO3 accumulations were relatively stable under current management practices, although the reduction in NO3 inputs would likely see the gradual replacement of NO3 with Cl as a result of their comparable selectivity for exchange sites.
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Douglas, G. B., P. W. Ford, M. Palmer, R. M. Noble, and R. Packett. "Fitzroy River Basin, Queensland, Australia. I. Identification of Sediment Sources in Impoundments and Flood Events." Environmental Chemistry 3, no. 5 (2006): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en06009.
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Environmental Context. The Fitzroy River Basin is a major contributor to the loads of suspended sediment and nutrients reaching coastal areas in the southern Great Barrier Reef. Cost-effective investment in improved land, vegetation, and water management to lower these loads requires an understanding of the sources and movement of sediments within the basin. This multidisciplinary geochemical and modelling study provides for the first time a quantitative estimate of sediment sources and spatial and hydrology-related variation within the Fitzroy River Basin. Abstract. An integrated geochemical, modelling, and reconnaissance soil sampling approach has been used to identify the sources of sediment in the Fitzroy River Basin (FRB). The composition of sediment in weirs and dams within the FRB indicate that in the southern and central FRB the Dawson River contributes only a small basaltic component and the inputs are dominated by soils from the Surat and Bowen Basins. Rivers from the central FRB carry variable amounts of basaltic soils. In contrast, basaltic soils constitute the majority of sediment transported during flood events. Surat Basin soils form a minor component of flood events with little contribution from soils of the Bowen Basin despite it constituting the majority of the area of the central FRB. Soils from the Thomson Fold Belt constitute a substantial proportion of the sediment transported by, and retained in, impoundments in the central FRB and also dominate sediment delivered from the western FRB. This study will inform cost-effective investment by government to target remedial actions to reduce sediment and nutrient loads within the FRB that may be ultimately transported via the Fitzroy River Estuary to the southern Great Barrier Reef.
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Butler, Orpheus M., Tom Lewis, and Chengrong Chen. "Fire alters soil labile stoichiometry and litter nutrients in Australian eucalypt forests." International Journal of Wildland Fire 26, no. 9 (2017): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf17072.
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Ecological stoichiometry may be used to investigate the impacts of fire regime, as fire regime can influence the cycling and balance of elements within forest ecosystems. We investigated the effects of fire history on soil and litter stoichiometry in four forest sites in Queensland, Australia. Soil and litter in recently burned areas were compared with those in areas with no recent fire. Effects of burning on concentrations and ratios of multiple pools of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in soil varied between sites, indicating that site and fire regime characteristics regulate these responses. Labile pools of soil C, N and P were more responsive to burning than total pools, and labile soil C:P and N:P ratios tended to be lower in recently burned areas, consistent with our expectations. These changes suggest that the disparate volatilisation temperatures of these elements influence post-fire soil stoichiometry, and that P cycling may be enhanced in some post-fire environments. Fire-induced changes to litter chemistry were not consistent with soil effects, although litter was generally nutrient-enriched in recently burned areas. Our results reveal the potential for fire to alter elemental balances and thus modify C and nutrient cycling in the plant–soil system.
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Shaygan, Mandana, Thomas Baumgartl, Sven Arnold, and Lucy Pamela Reading. "The effect of soil physical amendments on reclamation of a saline-sodic soil: simulation of salt leaching using HYDRUS-1D." Soil Research 56, no. 8 (2018): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr18047.
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Poor soil physical conditions such as low hydraulic conductivity can limit salt depletion from surface soil. Altering the pore system by addition of organic and inorganic amendments may improve salt leaching as a reclamation strategy. Column studies were conducted to investigate salt leaching in amended and non-amended soil profiles. A one-dimensional water and solute transport model (HYDRUS-1D) was also assessed for its applicability to simulate salt leaching for amendment strategy. Columns of length 300mm were filled with saline-sodic soil at the lower end (100–300mm) and then covered with soil amended with 40% (wt/wt) fine sand and 20% (wt/wt) wood chips, separately. A control column was filled with saline-sodic soil only. One rainfall scenario typical for a location in south-west Queensland (Australia) was applied to the columns. Water potentials were monitored using tensiometers installed at three depths: 35, 120 and 250mm. The concentrations of individual cations (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+), electrical conductivity and sodium adsorption ratio of the soil solutions were also monitored for the investigated depths. A reduction in surface salinity (up to 28.5%) was observed in the amended soil profiles. This study indicated that the addition of wood chips to surface soil improved salt leaching under the tested conditions. The simulation successfully predicted both hydrology and chemistry of the columns. This study also concluded that HYDRUS-1D is a powerful tool to simulate salt leaching in the amended soil profiles, and can be applied to predict the success of amendment strategy under natural climatic conditions.
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Smith, J., G. B. Douglas, L. C. Radke, M. Palmer, and B. P. Brooke. "Fitzroy River Basin, Queensland, Australia. III. Identification of sediment sources in the coastal zone." Environmental Chemistry 5, no. 3 (2008): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en07094.
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Environmental context. The Fitzroy River Basin is a major source of suspended sediment and nutrients to the southern Great Barrier Reef lagoon. A reduction in sediment and nutrient loads is necessary to protect coastal reefs and this requires an understanding of the sediment sources. The present geochemical and modelling study provides a quantitative estimate of the spatial and temporal variations in the sources of sediment deposited in the Fitzroy River coastal zone. Abstract. Sediment sources to the Fitzroy River coastal zone have been identified and quantified using an integrated geochemical and modelling approach. The coastal sediments display little geochemical variation as a result of substantial homogenisation during hydrodynamic processes and indicate a sediment composition consistent with derivation from mixed catchment sources. A lack of substantial temporal geochemical variation in the sediment records indicates weathering regimes and hydrodynamic transport have been relatively consistent throughout the Holocene. Despite this apparent geochemical homogeneity, a modelling approach using a Bayesian statistical model revealed changes in catchment sediment sources over time. Variations in the occurrence and intensity of rainfall events in different parts of the catchment as well as land-use changes following European settlement are likely to have had a substantial effect on the relative contributions of the catchment sources delivered to and deposited in the coastal zone. Additionally, large variations in flow events and variable estuary hydrodynamics result in different catchment soil types being delivered and deposited under different conditions. The present study found that basaltic material is the dominant catchment source in the coastal surface sediments with an estimated enrichment of ~3 relative to catchment and estuary abundances. Basaltic soils present as a more recent and extensive, weathered surficial cover are more readily mobilised than other catchment soils and will be transported further within freshwater flood plumes. It is likely that in large flood events, this basaltic material may reach the coral-dominated outer shelf. Improved land management practices to reduce sediment loads can be targeted to the areas supplying the majority of sediment to the coastal zone.
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Friend, Adrian J., Godwin A. Ayoko, and Sohair G. Elbagir. "Source apportionment of fine particles at a suburban site in Queensland, Australia." Environmental Chemistry 8, no. 2 (2011): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en10112.
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Environmental contextAirborne fine particles affect local, regional and global air quality and deteriorate the environment. Therefore comprehensive information on the locations and strengths of particle sources is critical for the development of strategies for mitigating the adverse effects of aerosols. The multivariate data analysis techniques used in this paper allowed the benefits of a previous control measure to be assessed and provided vital information for the application of further pollution reduction strategies to this and other areas of the world. AbstractAirborne fine particles were collected at a suburban site in Queensland, Australia between 1995 and 2003. The samples were analysed for 21 elements and Positive Matrix Factorisation (PMF), Preference Ranking Organisation Methods for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE) and Graphical Analysis for Interactive Assistance (GAIA) were applied to the data. PROMETHEE provided information on the ranking of pollutant levels from the sampling years whereas PMF provided insights into the sources of the pollutants, their chemical composition, most likely locations and relative contribution to the levels of particulate pollution at the site. PROMETHEE and GAIA found that the removal of lead from fuel in the area had a significant effect on the pollution patterns whereas PMF identified six pollution sources, including railways (5.5%), biomass burning (43.3%), soil (9.2%), sea salt (15.6%), aged sea salt (24.4%) and motor vehicles (2.0%). Thus the results gave information that can assist in the formulation of mitigation measures for air pollution.
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Brown, Peter J., Kevin R. Wormington, and Philip Brown. "Identifying essential ecological factors underpinning the development of a conservation plan for the Endangered Australian tree Alectryon ramiflorus." Oryx 49, no. 3 (February 25, 2015): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605314001124.
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AbstractReintroduction of rare and threatened species often fails to yield quantifiable conservation benefits because insufficient attention is focused on the species’ habitat requirements and biology. We demonstrate the value of such data in informing a recovery plan for Alectryon ramiflorus S.Reyn. (Sapindaceae), a tree species endemic to a region on the southern coast of Queensland, Australia. When the species was categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List in 1997 the total known population consisted of only 26 adult plants, in five disjunct populations in remnant patches of native vegetation. Analysis of vegetation type, soil chemistry and composition data comparing remnant patches with and without A. ramiflorus revealed that the species is not restricted to a specific soil type but prefers sites with relatively fertile soil and a more complex vegetation structure. The species is cryptically dioecious, displays asynchronous flowering between individuals, and requires insect-vectored pollination. The low rate of seedling production recorded within individual patches was attributed to the scarcity of trees of both genders, asynchronous flowering of individual trees and, in smaller patches, a sparse population of pollinating insect species. Successful reintroduction of A. ramiflorus will require consideration of these aspects of demographic success. The findings highlight the importance to species recovery plans of the knowledge of habitat requirements, interspecific relationships and critical dependencies, as well as species reproductive biology.
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Wu, Taizong, Angela A. Salim, Paul V. Bernhardt, and Robert J. Capon. "Molecular Networking and Cultivation Profiling Reveals Diverse Natural Product Classes from an Australian Soil-Derived Fungus Aspergillus sp. CMB-MRF324." Molecules 27, no. 24 (December 19, 2022): 9066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27249066.
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This study showcases the application of an integrated workflow of molecular networking chemical profiling (GNPS), together with miniaturized microbioreactor cultivation profiling (MATRIX) to successfully detect, dereplicate, prioritize, optimize the production, isolate, characterize, and identify a diverse selection of new chemically labile natural products from the Queensland sheep pasture soil-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. CMB-MRF324. More specifically, we report the new tryptamine enamino tripeptide aspergillamides E–F (7–8), dihydroquinoline-2-one aflaquinolones H–I (11–12), and prenylated phenylbutyrolactone aspulvinone Y (14), along with an array of known co-metabolites, including asterriquinones SU5228 (9) and CT5 (10), terrecyclic acid A (13), and aspulvinones N-CR (15), B (16), D (17), and H (18). Structure elucidation was achieved by a combination of detailed spectroscopic and chemical analysis, biosynthetic considerations, and in the case of 11, an X-ray crystallographic analysis.
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Chittleborough, D. J., M. S. Tejan-Kella, and R. W. Fitzpatrick. "Genesis of podzols on coastal dunes in southern Queensland. V. Chemistry and mineralogy of the non-opaque heavy mineral fraction." Soil Research 36, no. 4 (1998): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s97041.
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Eight podzols on coastal dunes from the Cooloola chronosequence, and an associated pedon from North Stradbroke Island (Amity), were studied to establish (i) the degree of homogeneity of the parent material between and within profiles, (ii) the extent of heavy mineral weathering, and (iii) whether the parent sediments of each pedon had a common proximate source. The pedons are Quartzipsamments and Troporthods with ages ranging from Holocene to Pleistocene. On the basis of ratios zircon : rutile, zirconium : titanium, and non-magnetic : very magnetic heavy minerals in the fine sand fraction (53–125 µm), we concluded that the parent materials of the Cooloola pedons were mineralogically similar. By using zirconium in the non magnetic heavy mineral fraction as an index for zircon, it is evident that there has been considerable pedogenetic weathering of the heavy mineral fraction. There is a statistically insignificant difference in hafnium concentrations of zircons which implies that parent sediments of the soils at Cooloola and North Stradbroke Island were derived from a common immediate source.
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Florentine, S. K., and M. E. Westbrooke. "Evaluation of alternative approaches to rainforest restoration on abandoned pasturelands in tropical North Queensland, Australia." Land Degradation & Development 15, no. 1 (January 2004): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.586.
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Arakel, A. V., T. Loder, D. McConchie, and C. Pailles. "Environmental consequences of land degradation in coastal drainage basins of north Queensland, Australia: Influence of farming practices." Land Degradation and Development 4, no. 2 (July 1993): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3400040205.
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Lopez-Capel, Elisa, Evelyn S. Krull, Roland Bol, and David A. C. Manning. "Influence of recent vegetation on labile and recalcitrant carbon soil pools in central Queensland, Australia: evidence from thermal analysis-quadrupole mass spectrometry-isotope ratio mass spectrometry." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 22, no. 11 (2008): 1751–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.3538.
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Muqaddas, Bushra, Tom Lewis, Maryam Esfandbod, and Chengrong Chen. "Responses of labile soil organic carbon and nitrogen pools to long-term prescribed burning regimes in a wet sclerophyll forest of southeast Queensland, Australia." Science of The Total Environment 647 (January 2019): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.416.
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Ling, Yu-Chen, Han Ming Gan, Michelle Bush, Richard Bush, and John W. Moreau. "Time-resolved microbial guild responses to tidal cycling in a coastal acid-sulfate system." Environmental Chemistry 15, no. 2 (2018): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en16203.
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Environmental contextMicrobes play key roles in controlling acidification and metal toxicity in coastal acid-sulfate soils. We characterised the time-dependent metabolic activities of abundant and rare taxa in acidifying tidal wetlands and showed that rare taxa exhibiting higher activity may exert significant influence on iron- and sulfur-cycling. Our findings yield new insights into the drivers and timing of iron- and sulfur-cycling in coastal acid-sulfate systems. AbstractTidal inundation has been trialled as a remediation strategy for coastal acid-sulfate soil (CASS) environments. Microbial community structure and activity are hypothesised to play key roles in this process, but remain poorly understood for long-term (decadal or longer) CASS ecosystems. More detailed understanding of the distribution and timing of microbial activity in CASS ecosystems is necessary to evaluate their real bioremediation potential. In this study, we compared 16S ribosomal DNA (rRNA) and RNA (as copy DNA, cDNA, a proxy for overall enzymatic activity) sequence datasets to characterise and resolve microbial community structure and activity across a tidal cycle in the East Trinity long-term CASS wetland (Queensland, Australia). The timing and extent of activity among abundant (>1 %) and rare (<0.1 %) microbial taxa showed that a larger number of rare members (phylotype) displayed greater overall range in activity than was apparent for more abundant members. Certain taxa from both abundant and rare populations varied rapidly in their 16S rRNA levels in response to tidal cycling. The observation of rRNA accumulation in response to drying and rewetting was used to divide the microbial community structure into ‘early responders’ (within 3 h of dry-down or wet-up) and ‘delayed responders’ (3+ h after wet-up). Response patterns were phylogenetically constrained across supra- to subtidal zones across all tidal stages. Microbial iron- and sulfur-cycling networks included these rare but active taxa, illustrating their spatiotemporal complexity, which should be considered for an accurate assessment of bioremediation efficiency, and specially for validating predictive biogeochemical models of long-term CASS ecosystems.
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Larsen, Genevieve R., and Malcolm E. Cox. "Hydrochemical and isotopic characterisation of groundwaters to define aquifer type and connectivity in a subtropical coastal setting, Fraser Coast, Queensland." Environmental Earth Sciences 64, no. 7 (April 22, 2011): 1885–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-011-1003-2.
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Preda, M., and M. E. Cox. "Sediment-water interaction, acidity and other water quality parameters in a subtropical setting, Pimpama River, southeast Queensland." Environmental Geology 39, no. 3-4 (January 18, 2000): 319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050011.
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Lottermoser, Bernd G. "Trace metal enrichment in sugarcane soils due to the long-term application of fertilisers, North Queensland, Australia: geochemical and Pb, Sr, and U isotopic compositions." Soil Research 47, no. 3 (2009): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr06178.
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This study aimed to determine whether >80 years of fertiliser application has led to recognisable changes in the trace metal (Cd, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sr, Th, U, Zn) chemistry of topsoils (0–0.10 m) from sugarcane land, northern Queensland, Australia. The metal concentrations of commercial nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilisers currently used in northern Queensland were generally lower than those of phosphate fertilisers and fertiliser blends. Composite topsoil samples (0–0.10 m depth) taken from canelands had higher median Cd, Mo, Pb, Sr, Th, U, and Zn concentrations than topsoils from forested areas of the catchment. Niobium, Ta, and Ti were confirmed as refractory immobile elements and used as reference elements for the evaluation of trace metal enrichments. Bivariate plots of trace metal/immobile element ratios verified that Cd, Mo, Pb, Sr, Th, U, and Zn are enriched in sugarcane soils compared with background forest soils. Isotopic ratios for Pb, Sr, and U highlight that fertilisers, cane soils, and forest soils have isotopically distinct compositions. Phosphate fertilisers currently used in the agricultural industry possess the most radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr, 234U/238U, 207Pb/206Pb, and 208Pb/206Pb ratios. Background forest soils have the highest 87Sr/86Sr, 207Pb/206Pb, and 208Pb/206Pb and lowest 234U/238U ratios. By contrast, cane soils exhibit 207Pb/206Pb and 208Pb/206Pb ratios that appear on a mixing line between the isotopically distinct background soils and phosphate fertilisers. Also, cane soils possess 234U/238U ratios similar to phosphate fertilisers. Thus, the application of phosphate fertilisers to canelands has resulted in higher Cd, Mo, Pb, Sr, Th, U, and Zn concentrations and more radiogenic Pb, Sr, and U isotope ratios in cane soils. Trace metal ratios and the Pb, Sr, and U isotopic composition of topsoils and fertilisers are useful tools to recognise fertiliser-derived trace metals in agricultural landscapes.
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Kiese, Ralf, Bob Hewett, Andrew Graham, and Klaus Butterbach-Bahl. "Seasonal variability of N2O emissions and CH4uptake by tropical rainforest soils of Queensland, Australia." Global Biogeochemical Cycles 17, no. 2 (May 9, 2003): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002gb002014.
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Gilkes, R. J., and M. D. A. Bolland. "The agronomic effectiveness of reactive phosphate rocks 2. Effect of phosphate rock reactivity." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37, no. 8 (1997): 937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea96109.
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Summary. The chemical reactivity of apatite phosphate rock (PR) from Sechura (Bayovar), North Carolina, Egypt (Hamrawein), Morocco (Khouribja) and Queensland (Duchess), was estimated using the following methods (indices): percentage of the phosphorus (P) present in the PR that is soluble in one extraction with 2% citric acid and 2% formic acid, and variation in crystal chemistry determined using X-ray diffraction to measure the length of the unit cell a dimension. The indices were related to the agronomic effectiveness of the PRs for pasture using percentage of the maximum (relative) yields for PR and superphosphate. At most sites there was a statistically significant trend for the agronomic effectiveness of the PRs to increase with increasing reactivity of the PRs as assessed by the 3 indices. However, this was not the case for sites where: (i) leaching of water-soluble P from freshly-applied superphosphate occurs in wet years; and (ii) the agronomic effectiveness using SV 50 values of all the PRs was uniformly low so that no differences between the PRs could be detected. The relationship between the agronomic effectiveness (SV50) of PR and chemical reactivity of the PR were generally different each year and in most cases this variability was related to the variation in total annual rainfall. From this study it is concluded that PRs in which greater than 65–70% of their total P content is soluble in 2% formic acid are likely to be highly reactive and therefore agronomically effective P fertilisers for direct application to appropriate soils in suitable environments.
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Angel, Brad M., Simon C. Apte, Graeme E. Batley, and Lisa A. Golding. "Geochemical controls on aluminium concentrations in coastal waters." Environmental Chemistry 13, no. 1 (2016): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en15029.
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Environmental context Aluminium may be released into coastal waters in dissolved and particulate forms from urban runoff, industrial discharges and acid sulfate soils. Aquatic organisms may experience toxic effects from exposure to dissolved and particulate aluminium. Therefore, the current study reports the geochemical controls such as speciation, precipitation and adsorption that influence the exposure to these aluminium forms in the field and the laboratory. Abstract A combination of field and laboratory investigations was conducted in order to gain an understanding of aluminium dynamics in coastal seawater environments. Filterable (<0.025 and <0.45µm) aluminium concentrations in waters collected from an industrialised coastal location at Gladstone, Central Queensland, Australia ranged from 0.8 to 39.4µgL–1. Size-based separation measurements made on field and laboratory-spiked coastal waters showed colloidal (>0.025 to <0.45µm) aluminium species were generally minimal, apart from one field sample collected close to a river mouth where aluminium was associated with iron-containing colloids. In seawater (pH 8.15, 22°C) spiked with small increments of aluminium so as not to attain supersaturation, the solubility limit was ~500µgL–1. However, at higher total aluminium concentrations the solution chemistry became highly dynamic. In the presence of aluminium precipitate it was not possible to measure a solubility limit over the 28-day duration of the experiment because the dissolved aluminium concentration varied with both reaction time and precipitate concentration. For instance, when seawater solutions were spiked with 10000µgL–1 of total aluminium, a pulse of dissolved aluminium up to 1250µgL–1 was sustained for several days before decreasing to below 100µgL–1 after 28 days. The initial precipitate appeared to be solely aluminium hydroxide and transformed over time to contain increasing magnesium, consistent with the formation of hydrotalcite (Mg6Al2CO3(OH)16·4H2O), reaching 21% of the precipitate mass after 28 days. Adsorption studies showed that at anticipated suspended particulate concentrations for coastal waters, natural particulate material has a fairly low affinity for dissolved aluminium. The results of the current study highlight the complex chemistry of aluminium in marine waters and the role of precipitation reactions.
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Doering, Che, Riaz Akber, and Henk Heijnis. "Vertical distributions of 210Pb excess, 7Be and 137Cs in selected grass covered soils in Southeast Queensland, Australia." Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 87, no. 2 (January 2006): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2005.11.005.
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Thornton, Craig M., and Amanda E. Elledge. "Tebuthiuron Movement via Leaching and Runoff from Grazed Vertisol and Alfisol Soils in the Brigalow Belt Bioregion of Central Queensland, Australia." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 64, no. 20 (March 15, 2016): 3949–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05393.
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Jones, Catherine E., Victoria Vicente-Beckett, and James Chapman. "Coal mine-affected water releases, turbidity and metal concentrations in the Fitzroy River Basin, Queensland, Australia." Environmental Earth Sciences 78, no. 24 (December 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8734-x.
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