Journal articles on the topic 'Soil-cement element'
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1
Hary Yanto, Fendi, Yusep Muslih Purwana, and Niken Silmi Surjandari. "Finite Element Method (FEM) of Rigid Pavement Laid on Soft Soil Stabilized with Soil Cement Column." Applied Mechanics and Materials 845 (July 2016): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.845.83.
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Several investigators have extended the numerical analysis to model ground improvement using soil-column to support structures. Cement columns are widely used to improve the load deformity characteristics of soft soils. This technique would increase soil bearing capacity and reduces soil deformation owing to improving of soil strength and stiffness. The aim of this paper is to determine the rigid pavement structure deformity on soft soil for the cases of with and without column soil cement. Two geometrical models were used in this analysis: (a) without column soil cement and (b) with column soil. The result indicated that the presence of soil cement column considerably contributes to the decrease in deformation due to the increase in stiffness.
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Wu, Tianyue, Zhaohua Sun, Wanxia Tan, Cauderty Munashe Kasu, and Jian Gong. "Response of vertically-loaded pile in spatially-variable cement-treated soil." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 13, 2022): e0266975. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266975.
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Despite the extensive application prospects of piles in cement-treated soil, few studies have explored the ultimate bearing capacity especially in consideration of the spatial variability of cement-treated soil. This study examines the performance of driven piles which were installed inside the cement-treated ground, considering the inherent spatial variability of the cemented soil and the positioning error during piles installation through finite element analyses. The deterministic and random finite element analysis results have shown that the shaft resistance mainly provided the ultimate bearing resistance of piles in cement-treated soil. The spatial variability reduced the global performance of pile installed through a cement-treated soil. The ultimate bearing resistance of the pile inserted in cement-treated soil was controlled by drained condition. Drained ultimate bearing resistance should be used to determine the design working compression load of pile in cement-treated soil.
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Ma, Jun Qing, and You Xi Wang. "Study on the Relationship between Soil-Cement Parameters and Unconfined Compressive Strength." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 4012–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.4012.
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This paper studies relationship between soil-cement parameters and unconfined compressive strength. The research in tensile strength and deformation modulus of soil-cement is an important basis for soil-cement failure mechanism and intensity theory. They also impact cracks, deformation and durability of cement-soil structure. Shear strength and deformation of soil-cement is important to the destruction analysis and finite element calculations. Therefore it needs to study on tensile strength, shear strength and deformation modulus of soil-cement. Based on previous experiments, the relationship of tensile strength, shear strength, deformation modulus and unconfined compressive strength of soil-cement are quantitatively studied.
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Krysan, Vitalii, Volodymyr Krysan, Volodymyr Petrenko, Oleksii Tiutkin, and Volodymyr Andrieiev. "Improving the safety of railway subgrade when it is strengthened using soil-cement elements." MATEC Web of Conferences 294 (2019): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929403006.
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The article identifies the main parameters of the drilling-mixing technology, which is the most effective in fixing weak soil bases during the construction and restoration of transport, industrial and civil structures. The difference of the technology developed by the authors is that the strengthening process is carried out at low pressure (0.15 ... 0.25 MPa). The relevance of the research is that the proposed technology requires less cost with high rates of restoring the strength of soil foundations. To prove the high quality of the technology, laboratory studies were carried out to determine the optimal characteristics of the soil-cement element, as well as the proportions and composition of the fixing solution. The dependences of the strength of soil-cement elements in the air-dry condition with cement content from 7% to 23% with water-cement ratio in solution 1 / 0.3 and with cement content from 13% to 37.5% with water-cement ratio in solution 1/0,6. During the experimental-industrial studies of the author’s technology, the embankment was constructed with the soil-cement-reinforced elements for the access road approaches at one of the facilities in Kirovograd region, which ensured safety in the operation of a complex transport structure.
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Zuievska, Natalia, Liubov Shaidetska, and Valentina Gubashova. "IMPACT OF VARYING PROPERTIES OF GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ON THE FORMATION OF LOADS AT SHALLOW-LAYING UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES." Geoengineering, no. 3 (December 14, 2020): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2707-2096.3.2020.219322.
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Purpose. The purpose of this work is to consider the prospects for the use of jet grouting in urban development. On the example of the considered engineering-geological conditions to show the possibility of wide application of soil-cement elements. Methodology. To consider the main characteristic features of jet grouting, which prevail over traditional geotechnical technologies. To show the possibility of performing soil-cement elements not only in the conditions of strengthening the soil bases, but also in the conditions of anti-filtration elements when performing the protection of ditches. To present the ranges of strength characteristics of soil-cement material for soil conditions of Ukraine. Findings. The type and physical and mechanical properties of soils in which the jet-grouted element is performed will be one of the main factors influencing the geometric size of the elements and the strength of the soil-cement material. Originality. Collected and analyzed strength characteristics of soil-cement material and the presented ranges of their numerical values will allow to use them for future design of jet-routed elements in different soil conditions of Ukraine without the available personal developed practical base. Practical implications. In the progressive rhythm of urban development, the issue of new construction in the immediate vicinity of existing buildings, or the reconstruction of those in disrepair is acute. Due to its features and advantages, the technology of jet cementation allows to solve construction problems where other geotechnologies do not have the opportunity to be applied. Low dynamic impact will allow to perform soil-cement elements at strengthening of buildings and constructions in an emergency condition, low water permeability - to use jet elements as antifiltration, both single, and in joint work with other elements of designs of protection of ditches. Numerical experimental values of the strength of the material obtained by performing jet cementation, will predict the strength characteristics of future soil-cement elements.
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Ding, Fei, Lei Song, and Fengtian Yue. "Study on Mechanical Properties of Cement-Improved Frozen Soil under Uniaxial Compression Based on Discrete Element Method." Processes 10, no. 2 (February 8, 2022): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10020324.
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Taking cement-improved frozen soil as the research object, this paper, based on uniaxial unconfined compressive tests of improved-frozen soil under the conditions of different cement contents (6%, 12%, 18%) and curing ages (7 d, 14 d, 28 d), analyzed the results and probed the relationship between the strength and elastic modulus of cement-improved frozen soil and cement content and curing age. In combination with laboratory test results, numerical simulations were set with the PFC3D group, building on the samples with 6% and 18% cement content at 14 days of curing, respectively, and the mesoscopic parameter values of the two different amounts were calibrated, which proved the simulation of cement with PFC3D reliable to improve frozen soil, and from the microscopic view, the crack development, stress field, and the particle displacement field of the two samples were analyzed. The result shows that the force is not evenly distributed in the samples; with the main force chain on the cement particles, an increase in particles can lessen the cracks, and the failure of the 6% sample is a tensile plastic failure and that of the 18% sample is a tensile shear failure.
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Wang, Li Feng. "Orthogonal Test and Multi-Element Linear Regression Analysis of Compressive Strength of Nanometer Silicon Cemented Soil." Advanced Materials Research 317-319 (August 2011): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.317-319.34.
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Cement-stabilized soil has been widely used to ground treatment, tracing of foundation pit, water resistance. Additives in cemented soil play an important role in improving its basic properties of cemented soil. In this paper, a new kind of additive, Nanometer Silicon Oxide (SiO2-x), was incorporated into cemented soil. Undrained triaxial compression tests were performed to discuss the reinforced effect of the nanometer silicon on the strength property of the cemented soil. Four main factors that influence the compressive strength of the nanometer silicon cemented soil (NCS) are considered: cement content, nanometer material content, confining pressure, and water\cement ratio. Based on orthogonal tests, the paper analyzed quantitatively the main influence factors of the compression strength of NCS and presented the optimum mix combination. A linear regression model for the compression strength were proposed. Finally, some conclusions have been achieved.
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Jeong, Sang-Guk. "Numerical Modeling of Soil-Cement based on Discrete Element Method." Journal of the Korean Geosynthetic Society 15, no. 4 (December 30, 2016): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12814/jkgss.2016.15.4.033.
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Piriyakul, Keeratikan. "Using Shear Wave Velocity to Assess the Stiffness of Soil-Cement-Fly Ash." Applied Mechanics and Materials 459 (October 2013): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.459.115.
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This article presents the bender element technique to determine the stiffness of Bangkok clay mixed with the Portland cement type 1 and the fly ash type F by means of shear wave velocity. The Bangkok clay was mixed with 20% by weigh of Portland cement type 1 and varied the amount of fly ash (0, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% by weight). The soil-cement samples were cured for 3, 7, 14, 28 and 90 days. Then, these samples were performed the bender element test. The results reported that the optimum of replacement fly ash was about 15-20% and showed that the stiffness of soil-cement-fly ash mixing was increased with increasing the curing time. However, the shear wave velocity results were higher than the result of 0% replacement of fly ash which was the long term behaviour of cement mixed with fly ash.
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Rasouli, Habib, Hana Takhtfirouzeh, Abbasali Taghavi Ghalesari, and Roya Hemati. "Bearing Capacity Improvement of Shallow Foundations Using Cement-Stabilized Sand." Key Engineering Materials 723 (December 2016): 795–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.723.795.
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In order to attain a satisfactory level of safety and stability in the construction of structures on weak soil, one of the best solutions can be soil improvement. The addition of a certain percentage of some materials to the soil may compensate for its deficiency. Cement is a suitable material to be used for stabilization and modification of a wide variety of soils. By using this material, the engineering properties of soil can be improved. In this study, the effect of soil stabilization with cement on the bearing capacity of a shallow foundation was studied by employing finite element method. The material properties were obtained by conducting experimental tests on cement-stabilized sand. Cement varying from 2% to 8% by soil dry weight was added for stabilization. The effect of reinforced soil block dimensions, foundation width and cement content were investigated. From the results, it can be figured out that by stabilizing the soil below the foundation to certain dimensions with the necessary cement content, the bearing capacity of the foundation will increase to an acceptable level.
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Rangkuti, Nuril Mahda. "ANALYZED SOIL IMPROVEMENT BASED GYPSUM AND CEMENT IN SOIL CLAY." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 12 (June 8, 2020): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i12.2019.295.
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Land is an important element of the structure underneath a construction, so that the soil must have a good carrying capacity. But the reality on the ground is that many soils have low carrying capacity, so it is necessary to stabilize the soil with gypsum and cement. This study aims to determine the effective percentage of gypsum and cement addition and the effect of the addition of Gypsum and Cement to physical changes in clay soil in terms of the CBR (California Bearing Ratio) value of the curing time. This research was conducted in the laboratory, by testing the physical properties of the soil and the carrying capacity of the soil (CBR) with variations in the addition of gypsum and cement by 1%, 3%, and 5% with a long curing time of 1, 7, and 14 days . Sample testing is carried out with two treatments, namely soil samples are first cured and then compacted and the sample is solidified first and then cured. From the research results obtained the largest CBR (California Bearing Ratio) value occurs in the variation of the addition of Gypsum and Cement 5% with the length of time for soil specimens to be compacted first before curing is equal to 41.54%, this is due to the mixture of soil with gypsum and cement has been manjai solid before the collection can occur, the cavities between soil particles also become solid, so that the strength also increases. From the California Bearing Ratio results, it can be seen that the addition of gypsum and cement to clay soil shows an increase in the value of California Bearing Ratio on clay.
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Akmal Putera, Muhammad, Noriyuki Yasufuku, Adel Alowaisy, and Ahmad Rifai. "Optimizing modified triaxial testing for small strain zone using local displacement transducers and bender element for cement-treated soft soil." E3S Web of Conferences 331 (2021): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202133103003.
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The settlement behavior is a common problem on the railway structure that can be optimized by applying cement-treated soil as ground restoration. However, the application of a high cement mixing content needs a proper estimation that can be achieved by adjusting the element testing. The strain measurement devices can estimate the deformation characteristics, such as secant modulus, Poisson ratio, and shear modulus that can describe the settlement behavior and stiffness of cement-treated soil. This research is focused on a static analysis of triaxial consolidated undrained (CU¯) testing that is improved by the axial and radial local displacement transducer (LDT) and bender element to increase the accuracy of measurement results. Furthermore, the secant modulus and shear modulus is more accurate when the combination of radial and axial LDT is used due to a small strain range. Lastly, the shear modulus measurement is improved by using a filler in the cement-treated soil for the bender element test. To conclude, this system of testing for the static condition can be utilized for the dynamic condition, because the measurement shows a reliable result for a small strain range which is the parameter of the dynamics condition.
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Kornienko, Mykola, Veronika Zhuk, Samar Abed, and Igor Chegodaev. "EXPERIENCE OF FIXING A WEAK BASE FOUNDATION BY VERTICAL SOIL-CEMENT ELEMENTS USING DRILL-MIXING TECHNOLOGY." TECHNICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOG IES, no. 2 (12) (2018): 290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2018-2(12)-290-296.
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Urgency of the research. Most construction sites in Ukraine have soil conditions area created by weak soils. Permanent pursuit of economical of engineering solutions require the use of new design solutions in the construction on weak soils. Target setting. In the last years new ways to fixing base of foundations using drill-mixing technology are gaining popular-ity. In the process of drilling a special wing bit is a destruction of natural soil and mixing with cement solution. As a result of solidification mixture formed is solid soil-cement element. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. It has been previously performed in the laboratory study of strength soil-cement vertical elements depending on the amount of cement composition "soil-cement"¸ water-cement ratio in the mixture clay-cement additives properties. In order to a preliminary assessment of effectiveness fixing foundation using drill-mixing technology numerical simulation was performed. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Using the weak soils as the basis for foundations of buildings and structures is seen in view of the possible destruction of their structure and the development of non-uniform deformation. The research objective. Perform evaluation of the effectiveness of fixing the building foundations on the example of a real construction site. The statement of basic materials.. In practice fixing foundations was performed using drill-mixing technology at the con-struction site in the city of Kiev. The article presents data about the experience fixing of weak base foundation, composed bulk soils with the contents of construction and domestic garbage. Fixing performed by soil-cement vertical elements using drill-mixing technology. Conclusions. The choice of a rational scheme of «basis - the foundation - over ground part of the building» should be based on an objective assessment of the mechanical properties of soil, and bearing structures of the building. Applying the basics fixing technology has allowed to reduce the cost of foundation structures up to 20 %.
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Konovalova, N. A., O. N. Dabizha, P. P. Pankov, and E. A. Rush. "Utilization of Hydrolysis Lignin in Compositions Soil-Cements." Ecology and Industry of Russia 23, no. 11 (November 13, 2019): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2019-11-32-37.
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The article investigated the compositions of road-building materials containing screenings of rock crushing, Portland cement, hydrolyzed lignin, modified by the stabilizing additive “Element”. The road-building compositions containing screenings of rock crushing, Portland cement, hydrolyzed lignin modified with the stabilizing additive "Element" were investigated. The optimal content of raw materials has been established, which allows to obtain soil-cements with a strength mark of at least M 60 - M 75. Using a model experiment, it was shown that the stabilizing additive “Element” is active and can interact with each of component of the raw materials. Using the methods of scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray phase analysis, it has been experimentally shown that the processes of hydration, carbonization and increasing the connectivity of orthosilicate anions play a significant role in the structure formation of soil-cements.
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Ismail, M. A. "Performance of cement-stabilized retaining walls." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 42, no. 3 (June 1, 2005): 876–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t05-021.
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This paper investigates the performance of a cement-stabilized retaining wall as a potentially economic solution for supporting vertical cuts in roads and embankments. This investigation was carried out through a comprehensive numerical and experimental program in which the stabilized wall was treated as a c′ϕ soil. To optimize the design of the stabilized wall, a plane-strain finite element analysis was carried out, using the PLAXIS code, in a parametric study that varied the wall geometry and the shear strength parameters for both the wall and its surrounding soil. The performance of the stabilized retaining wall was verified by a centrifuge model test carried out at an equivalent acceleration of 67g for a sand treated with 3% Portland cement. The results have shown that the load-carrying capacity of the wall is affected primarily by both the cementation of the wall and the friction angle of the surrounding soil. There exists a threshold of cementation beyond which the stability does not increase when the failure mechanism is located completely inside the in situ soil. This critical cementation appears to be a crucial factor in maintaining an economic design for this type of wall. Centrifuge test results confirmed the satisfactory behaviour of cement-stabilized retaining walls.Key words: cement stabilization, retaining wall, cohesion, finite element, centrifuge testing.
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Tao, Chuan Qian, Xue Yan Xu, Heng Yan Xie, and Xin Zheng. "Study on Critical Length-Diameter Ratio of Cement-Soil Pile Composite Subgrade under Rigid Foundation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.146.
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For cement-soil pile composite subgrade under rigid foundation, a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis is performed to analyse critical length-diameter ratio based on deformation, which is first introduced, according to replacement ratio, pile-soil modulus ratio and the modulus ratio of substratum and reinforced area. It is found that critical length-diameter ratio of cement-soil pile under rigid foundation mainly depends on replacement ratio, the impact of pile-soil modulus ratio and the modulus ratio of substratum and reinforced area is relatively little.
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Du, Guangyin, Anhui Wang, Liye Li, and Dingwen Zhang. "Calculation Approach for Lateral Bearing Capacity of Single Precast Concrete Piles with Improved Soil Surrounds." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (July 12, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5127927.
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Precast concrete (PC) piles with cement-improved soil surrounds have been widely used for soft ground improvement. However, very few calculation approaches have been proposed to predict the lateral bearing capacity. This study aims at investigating the lateral capacity of a single PC pile reinforced with cement-improved soil through a series of 3D finite element analyses and theoretical studies. It is revealed that application of cement-improved soil around the PC pile can obviously reduce the induced lateral deflections and bending moments in the pile and can significantly increase its capacity to resist lateral loading. To account for the reinforcement effect of cement-treated soil, a modified m approach is proposed by introducing a modified coefficient to enable the predictions of the lateral bearing capacity for such reinforced PC piles. It is revealed that the modified coefficient is approximately linearly related to the compressive bearing capacity of improved soil surrounds.
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Mu, Huan Sheng, and Ling Gao. "Finite Element Study of Settlement of Cement Mixing Composite Foundation and Non-Probabilistic Reliability Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.675.
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This paper presents a non-probabilistic method for reliability analysis of cement mixing composite foundations. First, the load transfer mechanism of composite foundations is described. Then a three-dimensional finite element model of cement mixing composite foundation under embankment is built. The settlement of subgrade is analyzed. Finally, a non-probabilistic reliability method is used to investigate the settlement reliability. The results show that the cement mixing composite foundation can significantly improve the compressibility of soft soil.
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Vynnykov, Yu L., I. V. Miroshnychenko, О. М. Landar, V. М. Zotsenko, and P. M. Omelchenko. "LONG-TERM SUBSIDENCE OF A MULTISTORY BUILDING ON THE BASE REINFORCED WITH SOIL CEMENT ELEMENTS." ACADEMIC JOURNAL Series: Industrial Machine Building, Civil Engineering 2, no. 49 (October 17, 2017): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/znp.2017.49.850.
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The methodology and results of long-term geodetic observation at subsidence of nine-ten storey building with a strip cast-in-place foundation on sandy and peaty base reinforced with soil cement elements at the process of its construction and exploitation are presented in the article. The correctness of elastic-plastic model use with Mohr Coulomb strength criterion and planar task finite element method for the evaluation of the deformed state «strip foundation – reinforced soil layer – the natural basis» system are substantiated.
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Li, Rong Jian, Hao Duan, Wen Zheng, and Hai Tao Li. "The Stability of Unsaturated Soil Foundation Pit Reinforced with the Cement-Mixed Sheet Pile Wall." Applied Mechanics and Materials 142 (November 2011): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.142.243.
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The non-uniform distribution of matric suction in the unsaturated soil has a great impact on the stability of the unsaturated soil foundation pit. By means of the strength reduction finite element method, the stability of the unsaturated soil foundation pit reinforced with the cement-mixed sheet pile wall was analyzed. The overall safety factor of the unsaturated soil foundation pit reinforced with the cement-mixed sheet pile wall is greatly reduced and the position of potential sliding surface goes upward with the gradually decreasing of matric suction. With the constant height of the cement-mixed sheet pile wall, the shallower the embedding depth of the cement-mixed sheet pile wall is, the smaller the safety factor of the foundation pit slope is. The results show that the safety factor of the overall stability of the unsaturated soil foundation pit decreases with the deep excavation and the gradually decreasing of the matric suction.
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Peng, Yunfeng, and Yunlong He. "Structural characteristics of cement-stabilized soil bases with 3D finite element method." Frontiers of Architecture and Civil Engineering in China 3, no. 4 (October 24, 2009): 428–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11709-009-0059-5.
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Wu, Guo Xiong, Liang Zhang, and Li Juan Luo. "Cement-Gravel Piles for Highway Soft Soil Settlement Treatment in Yunnan Province." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 1367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.1367.
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Highway in Yunnan Province, China, was known to suffer from local settlement due to the soft red soil foundations. This paper proposed cement-gravel piles to treat the settled foundations before paving the surface layer in highway repair and maintenance, in order to enhance the overall highway bearing capacity. Finite element software ANSYS was used to study the effect of cement-gravel piles on soft soil reinforcement and water reduction. The cement-gravel pile design parameters (9 to 10m for pile length, 1.2m to1.6m for pile spacing and 0.8m for pile diameter)are determined for different fill height, compactive effort and settlement magnitude. This research will provide helpful guidance to highway repair and maintenance of highway built in soft soil regions.
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Zhu, Jiang Miao, Zhi Xin Li, and Ying Wang. "Simulation of Electric Field Distribution in Concrete of Pulse Electro-Osmosis Technology Based on ANSYS Software." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 1287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.1287.
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Simulated electric field distribution in concrete by using of ANSYS finite element analysis software, researched influences of some factors on electric field strength and electric potential in concrete. Which include resistivity of cement soil and its electric field strength are inversely proportional and the electric potential distribution is less affected by resistivity changes, applied voltage is proportional to electric field strength and potential, the more the number of cathode induces the greater and uniform of the strength, electric field distribution within cement soil becomes sparse and its values are relatively smaller with the anode spacing increasing, electric field strength of cement-soil is more intensive and its distribution is more uniform and also its values is relatively larger with the decreasing of cathode spacing.
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Che Lat, Diana, Ismacahyadi Bagus Mohamed Jais, Nazri Ali, Bahardin Baharom, Saleha Md Salleh, and Aslina Omar. "Performance Comparison between Polyurethane Foam and Cement Grouting Slab Replacement for Soft Ground Improvement at Shallow Depth Using Finite Element Model." Key Engineering Materials 844 (May 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.844.1.
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Two methods of ground improvement have been proposed to overcome excessive and differential settlement problem of soft ground foundation for infrastructure such as road, highway and parking space namely polyurethane (PU) foam and cement grouting slab. It has been executed by excavating and replacing the soft soil at shallow depth with the proposed ground improvement methods. The ground improvement methods able to minimise the excessive and differential settlement as the shallow depth of soft soil is removed and replaced by the stiff materials, thus the load can be distributed evenly to the underlying soil. The comparison of performance between both methods are evaluated in this study by carried out finite element analysis for soft ground problem namely PLAXIS. The results show that the settlement can be reduced significantly to the tolerable amount by applying PU foam instead of cement grouting slab as the increase in thickness of cement grouting slab cause the increase in settlement. On the other hand, the increase in PU foam thickness has not contributed to further settlement as the PU foam is lightweight, however, the soil may experience upward displacement due to insufficient overburden load to counter uplift.
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Yan, Zhi Gang. "FEM Analysis of Composite Soil-Nailing Considering Tensile Failure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (September 2011): 1488–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.1488.
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Composite soil-nailing is a new technology developed from abroad in recent years, to be used in excavation of soil, slope stability. This paper studied the stress and deformation of composite soil nailing wall by nonlinear FEM. According to the structure characteristic, the finite element analysis for composite soil nailing construction process is carried out. Based on geotechnical elastic-plastic constitutive model, the adopted failure criterion was a composite Drucker-Prager criterion with tension cut-off. A kind of rotational Goodman interface element is employed to simulate the behavior of interface between the soil-mixed cement which forms the barrier of seepage flow along the boundary of foundation pit, and soil ground. Through the comparative analysis with on-site monitoring data, the finite element calculation results have good precision.
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Tiutkin, О. L., and D. Y. Ihnatenko. "DETERMINATION OF RATIONAL PARAMETERS OF SUPPORTING STRUCTURES MADE OF SOIL-CEMENT PILES ON LANDSLIDE-PRONE SLOPES." Science and Transport Progress. Bulletin of Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport, no. 6(90) (April 8, 2021): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2020/225281.
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Purpose. The article proposes a method for determining the rational parameters of supporting structures made of soil-cement piles on landslide-prone slopes. Methodology. To achieve this purpose, the authors performed comparative calculations of finite-element models of landslide-prone layered slope with the arrangement of supporting structures of soil-cement piles: vertical, located at an angle to the vertical axis, combined with a concrete grillage, without grillage, with different diameters, with different distances between piles, but of the same length, which is justified by the location determined by preliminary calculations of the sliding surface. Findings. According to the results of calculating the contact problem of the interaction of the soil mass and the supporting structure, the regularities of formation of strength and stability of the reinforced landslide-prone slope were obtained, which makes it possible to predict its geomechanical stability depending on the possible location of the sliding surface curve. The method of increasing the stability coefficient of the soil slope depending on the variation of the parameters of the soil-cement supporting pile structure is substantiated. Numerical calculations substantiate the parameters of soil-cement pile supporting structures – the length of the piles, their diameter, the distance between the piles, the angle of their inclination and the feasibility of combining the piles with a concrete grillage. Originality. For the first time, the formation regularities of strength and stability of soil-cement supporting structure for strengthening the landslide-prone slopes are obtained, which makes it possible to predict their geomechanical stability depending on the possible location of the sliding surface curve. For the first time, the dependences of changes in absolute displacements, relative deformations, coefficients of strength, stability, as well as Mises stresses in the elements of supporting structures of soil-cement piles on the angle of their inclination, distance between piles and the presence of a concrete grillage that joins them. Methods for assessing and predicting the landslide danger of soil slopes were further developed, which allowed to substantiate the method of increasing the strength coefficient depending on the variation of the parameters of the soil-cement supporting structure. For the first time, the parameters of the method of increasing the stability of landslide-prone slopes with pile supporting structures based on the complex mathematical and centrifugal modeling using real landslides and similarity criteria are substantiated. Practical value. The authors have developed and patented a method of strengthening landslide slopes with the help of soil-cement piles, combined with a concrete grillage, located perpendicular to the movement vector of the landslide body.
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Cui, Hong Huan, Li Qun Zhang, and Hai Long Wang. "Analysis for Seismic Response of Compacted Soil-Cement Pile Composite Foundations." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 456–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.456.
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Compacted soil-cement pile possess the excellences both flexible pile and rigid pile. The composite foundation of compacted soil-cement pile are getting more and more applicable to construction． However, the research on their response under dynamic load, especially under earthquake load，is quite limited．Now the seismic response analysis in time domain is performed with finite element method(ABAQUS).Some parameters influencing the anti-seismic behavior of half-rigid pile composite foundation are studied． Based on these research , some conclusions which may be of some value for anti-seismic design of this type of composite foundations are drawn．
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Al-Wakel, Saad, and Ahmed Abdulrasool. "Effect of soil stabilized by cement on dynamic response of machine foundations." MATEC Web of Conferences 162 (2018): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816201001.
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Machine foundations require significant attention from designers. The main goal of the design of machine foundation is to limit the amplitude displacement and not disturb the people who work near the machine. In some cases, if the design of machine foundations does not satisfy the acceptable value of the dynamic response (such as maximum amplitude of displacement), the stabilization of soil under the machine foundation may be used to decrease the amplitude of displacement. This paper outlines effect of stabilized soil under the foundation by cement on the displacement response of machine foundations. Three-dimensional analyses by using finite element method are carried out to investigate the effect of depth of stabilized layer with different percentage of cement content on the dynamic response of the machine foundation. In addition, the effect of area stabilized by cement material on the dynamic response of machine foundation is investigated. The results shown that, the dynamic response of machine foundations generally decreases with increasing the depth of soil layer stabilized with cement. A significant decrease in the displacement of machine foundations is occurred for the stabilized soil layer with a depth of two times of the width of foundation, and the optimum percentage of cement for stabilizing is 6%.
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Namboonruang, Weerapol, Rattanakorn Rawangkul, Wanchai Yodsudjai, Trakool Aramraks, and Nutthanan Suphadon. "Prediction of the Heat-Insulating Crumb Rubber Brick Walls Design by the Finite Element Method." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 1575–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.1575.
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Nowadays, materials used to construct house or building wall areconsidered not only in the physical material behaviour but also energy conscious and economic factor. Adding crumb rubber to the brick composite is one of many methods to develop the properties of bricks. As widely known,the finite element method (FEM) is a tool used for finding accurate solutions of the heat transfer equation of materials including the composite bricks. In this paper an investigation of the heat transfer of a soil cement brick containing crumb rubber particles, is presented and compared to results of finite element analysis (FEA) simulation. To determine the effect of crumb rubber to the heat transfer behaviour of soil cement brick, different volume fractions are varied by 10, 20, 30 and 40%. It was reported that a modelling application reveals good correspondence with the experimental results.
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Hou, Shiwei, Hao Zhang, Yuzhe Zhang, Xin Chen, and Suyun Meng. "Seismic Vulnerability Analysis of Rural Modified Raw-Soil Structures." Shock and Vibration 2021 (August 17, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2839509.
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Based on the concept of environmental protection of solid waste utilization, material testing is conducted to achieve native improvement using coal gangue-based limestone-calcined clay cement (LC3). Finite element (FE) models of rural raw-soil architecture with a colored-steel roof (RACSR) were established. The effect of modified soil type and seismic character on the vulnerability of single-story raw-soil structures was investigated using probabilistic seismic demand (PSD) analysis. The seismic response characteristics of 80 representative sequences were comparatively investigated when subjected to northwest clay (raw soil) of China, fiber and stone-improved clay (modified soil), and coal gangue-based limestone-calcined clay cement (LC3 soil). The maximum interstory drift angle (ISDAmax) was lower in the LC3 soil model and the modified soil model compared to the raw-soil model. The use of LC3 soil improves structural resistance and reduces the damage probability of a structure, and the influence of different ultimate failure states on the vulnerability of the raw-soil structure was studied.
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Chen, Wen Zhao, Quan Chen Gao, and Jun She Jiang. "Simulation Test on the Cement's Stiffness-Contribution of Reinforced Cement Mixing Wall." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 2464–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.2464.
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Based on the model test,ABAQUS, the large-scale nonlinear finite element software was applied to build the numerical simulation model of the reinforced cement mixing wall in soft soil. The model parameters were obtained and the model was optimized with the technique of parameter inversion. Based on equivalent principle, the equivalent model was built to study the Cement'sStiffness-Contributionin reinforced cement mixing wall and its equivalent Stiffness was obtained. Analysis shows that the presence of cement can increase the core pile stiffness by 13.2%.
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Yu, X. J., Zhen Fang, Shan Yong Wang, Yun Yan, and Jian Hua Yin. "A Simple Plastic-Damage Model for the Cement-Soil Admixture." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 1145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.1145.
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An Elastic Plastic-Damage (EPD) model is developed to model the softening behaviour of the cement-soil admixture based on continuous damage mechanics. The softening behaviour is considered to be characteristic outcome of the material degradation due to damage in material. Material degradation is modelled by reducing progressively the stiffness and yield stress of the material when the damage variable has attained a critical index. The basic equations of the model are derived and presented. A Fortran program for this model has been developed and implemented into a finite element code ABAQUS. In order to evaluate the applicability of this model, several unconfined compression tests are simulated using ABAQUS with this model. The computed results are compared with measured data and good agreement is achieved.
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VIJAYAN, V., and S. N. BEHERA. "TRACE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF FLY ASH BY PIXE." International Journal of PIXE 09, no. 03n04 (January 1999): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083599000528.
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Fly ash is a major component of solid material generated by the coal-fired thermal power plants. In India the total amount of fly ash produced per annum is around 100 million tonnes. Fly ash has a great potential for utilization in making industrial products such as cement, bricks as well as building materials, besides being used as a soil conditioner and a provider of micro nutrients in agriculture. However, given the large amount of fly ash that accumulate at thermal power plants, their possible reuse and dispersion and mobilization into the environment of the various elements depend on climate, soils, indigenous vegetation and agriculture practices. Fly ash use in agriculture improved various physico-chemical properties of soil, particularly the water holding capacity, porosity and available plant nutrients. However it is generally apprehended that the application of large quantity of fly ash in fields may affect the plant growth and soil texture. Hence there is a need to characterize trace elements of fly ash. The results of trace element analysis of fly ash and pond ash samples collected from major thermal power plants of India by Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) have been discussed.
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Ferreira, Débora Macanjo, Eduarda Luso, Maria Lurdes Cruz, Luís MR Mesquita, and Guilherme Gontijo. "Fire behaviour of ecological soil–cement blocks with waste incorporation: Experimental and numerical analysis." Journal of Fire Sciences 38, no. 2 (March 2020): 173–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904119893921.
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The main goal of this study is to assess the behaviour of soil–cement blocks with incorporation of organic wastes. The problem of waste accumulation exists worldwide and has become a concern in today’s society, leading to enormous environmental damage. One of the possibilities for reducing their environmental impact is the reuse of these wastes in new materials. However, incorporating waste changes the mechanical, physical and thermal properties of the new material. In order to evaluate the potential use of waste in blocks composition, laboratory tests were conducted and the results were analysed. This article presents the fire behaviour of ecological soil–cement blocks with waste incorporation. Therefore, an experimental programme was performed using samples of wall panel with soil–cement blocks. The wall specimen under fire conditions was also analysed by a non-linear transient finite element numerical model, in time and temperature domains, and the numerical and experimental temperature fields were compared.
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Zhou, Yundong, Lingling Pan, Qiang Tang, Yu Zhang, Na Yang, and Cong Lu. "Evaluation of Carbonation Effects on Cement-Solidified Contaminated Soil Used in Road Subgrade." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5271324.
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Cement solidification/stabilization is widely used towards contaminated soil since it has a low price and significant improvement for the structural capacity of soil. To increase the usage of the solidified matrix, cement-solidified contaminated soil was used as road subgrade material. In this study, carbonation effect that reflected the durability on strength characteristics of cement-solidified contaminated soil and the settlement of pavement were evaluated through experimental and numerical analysis, respectively. According to results, compressive strengths of specimens with 1% Pb(II) under carbonation and standard curing range from 0.44 MPa to 1.17 MPa and 0.14 MPa to 2.67 MPa, respectively. The relatively low strengths were attributed to immobilization of heavy metal, which consumed part of SiO2, Al2O3, and CaO components in the cement or kaolin and reduced the hydration and pozzolanic reaction materials. This phenomenon further decreased the strength of solidified soils. The carbonation depth of 1% Cu(II) or Zn(II) contaminated soils was 18 mm, which significantly increased with the increase of curing time and contamination concentration. Furthermore, the finite element calculation results showed that surface settlements decreased with the increase of modulus of subgrade and the distance away from the center. At the center, the pavement settlement was proportional to the level of traffic load.
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Li, Yue Hui, and Xiao Juan Gao. "Bearing Behavior Study of Rammed Cement-Soil Pile Compounded Foundation in Collapsible Loess." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 951–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.951.
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The rammed cement-soil pile compounded foundation is widely used in collapsible loess of northwest China. There are many factors influencing the bearing capacity of compounded foundation. The calculation result with empirical formula are usually not accurate. The influence factors on bearing capacity of compounded foundation are analyzed with finite element method based on the static load results. The result show that pile body elastic modulus has little effect on the bearing capacity of compounded foundation. This is quite different from bearing behavior of single pile. However, the soil parameters, such as soil elastic modulus, soil internal friction angle and soil cohesion have significant impact on compounded foundation bearing capacity.
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Emeka, Arinze Emmanuel, Agunwamba Jonah Chukwuemeka, and Mama Benjamin.Okwudili. "Deformation Behaviour of Erodible Soil Stabilized with Cement and Quarry Dust." Emerging Science Journal 2, no. 6 (December 13, 2018): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2018-01157.
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This study was carried using finite element software (Plaxis) in studying the Engineering behavior of erodible soil-quarry dust composite at a proportion of 50% quarry dust and 10% cement. It discusses the effects of decorative street light through numerical analysis using the Finite Elements Method. Plaxis program v8.2 was applied to model the soil behavior. The Mohr-Coulomb model reveals that the deformations are concentrated exclusively on the base course, with the appearance of plastic tension cut-off points on base course. The structure was subjected to double point loads of 50 kN/m each which resulted to 100 kN/m. The results shows that the pavement deformed at load 85.16kN/m which showed that the soil strength cannot withhold the pressure from the street light. The load displacement acting on the base of the highway in study is . The result also shows that failure was concentrated at the base course of the pavement. This was due to the presence of underground water beneath the phreatic level. The quarry dust is a good replacement to weak soil or a good additive to help improved a problematic soil. From analysis, the soil strength lies below the effective stress acting on the pavement which is equal to 85.16 kN/m. It is advisable to replace some quantities of the existing soil and be replaced by quarry dust since quarry dust is a waste product from crushing of stones. Lastly, about 30% of the existing soil should be replaced by either the mixture of lateritic soil and quarry dust or the soil there should be used as subbase which may not be economical.
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Zúñiga-Torres, Berenice, Ramiro Correa-Jaramillo, Francisco Hernández-Olivares, Francisco Fernandez-Martinez, Alonso Zúñiga-Suárez, Israel Briceño-Tacuri, and Lenin Loaiza-Jiménez. "Innovative Materials for Sustainable Construction." Materials Science Forum 1023 (March 2021): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1023.155.
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The construction industry has focused on trying to minimize and control the environmental impacts caused within the process of production and manufacture of fired bricks, for this reason the present research proposes five different alternative mixtures for the elaboration of ecological bricks, four of these based on soil-cement and one obtained through a geopolymerization process, using raw materials from the amazon region and the southern highlands of Ecuador, such as soil from the Centza mine (MC), sand from the Quiringue mine (MQ), organic correctors of husk rice (RH ), peanut shell (PS), natural gypsum (G) from the Malacatos sector and fired brick residues from the same sector. The raw materials were characterized (analysis: physicochemical and mineralogical); the soil-cement-based combinations used different percentages of substitution of organic correctors and gypsum, the optimum percentage of water and cement was determined through the compaction test and resistance to simple compression respectively, the samples were cured and tested at ages of 7, 14 and 28 days. In the geopolymerization process, an alkaline solution NaOH was used in different concentrations of molarity and solution contents, the specimens were cured at temperatures of 90 °C, 120 °C, 150 °C, 180 °C and 200 °C. The different combinations were subjected to indirect traction with the purpose to determine the optimal mixture and subsequent estimation of the compressive strength of bricks applying the Griffith criterion, the results were validated by the finite element method, obtaining strengths of 4 MPa in the combination soil-cement sand (SC_Ar1), in soil-cement rice husk (SC_RH2) and soil-cement peanut shell (SC_PS2) mixtures its resistance is 3 MPa, while in the soil-cement gypsum (SC_G4) mixture the resistance is 6.90 MPa and finally the resistance in geopolymeric mixture (GBW) is 13.75 MPa; In this way, the optimal combinations comply and increase the resistance to simple compression of bricks by 35% the SC_Ar1 mixture, 130% in the SC_G mixture with respect to the spanish standard and 129% the GBW mixture with respect to the ecuadorian standard.
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Lawton, Evert C., Anagha A. Mokashi, and Nathaniel S. Fox. "Field Tests and Numerical Analyses of Subgrade Soil Reinforced with Grids of Stabilized Granular Columns." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1534, no. 1 (January 1996): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153400111.
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Field tests and numerical analyses conducted to establish the feasibility of reinforcing soft, loose, or otherwise inadequate subgrade soils with a grid of small-diameter, stabilized, vertical granular columns to support traditional pavement systems are described. This technique may prove to be cost-effective if it is used to improve subgrade soils so that the sub-base or base courses can be reduced in thickness or eliminated. Field plate bearing tests were carried out on unreinforced cohesionless silty sand and on the same soil reinforced with vertical reinforcing columns constructed of four materials: crushed granitic gneiss, silica sand, cement-stabilized native soil, and cement-stabilized silica sand. The field tests indicated that the columns made of the two cement-stabilized materials substantially increased the subgrade modulus of the native soil. In contrast, the two unstabilized columnar reinforcing materials produced no substantial improvement in stiffness. The field tests were modeled by using an axisymmetric finite-element (FE) program and hyperbolic constitutive relationships for the native soil and the columnar reinforcing materials. Triaxial tests were performed on reconstituted specimens of the native soil and compacted specimens of cement-stabilized native soil to determine the stress–strain–strength parameters required for the FE analyses. The FE analyses modeled the plate bearing tests on the reinforced soil to a reasonable degree, indicating that the FE method used has the potential to simulate a complete pavement system (including a wearing surface) in which the subgrade soil is reinforced with columns of stabilized granular materials.
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Med Bouteben, Yasmine, and Boudaoud Zeineddine. "Mechanical behaviour of sandy soils embankments treated with cement and reinforced with discrete elements (fibres)." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 16, no. 60 (March 25, 2022): 174–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3221/igf-esis.60.13.
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It is well known that the reinforcement of the Soil is considered as a solution to its stability problems. This technique ameliorates the mechanical and physical comportment of the soil. Based on this, this research paper aims at investigating the behaviour of a specific type of dried-cemented-sandy soil reinforced with discrete elements such as polypropylene fiber basically through experimental tests. The latter are a series of consolidated drained triaxial tests which were carried out on samples of sand that are prepared with 0, 3 and 6% of cement, reinforced with 1% of polypropylene fiber (12, 18 mm) randomly distributed. Furthermore, those contents are measured by the volume of dry sand. In addition to these tests, a parametric study has also been conducted on a road embankment using a finite element program such as Plaxis 2D in order to observe the variation of different parameters like safety factor and the displacements (Ut, Ux, Uy). The test results showed that the addition of cement and polypropylene fiber of different accommodations increased both cohesion and friction angle of sands while the numerical results indicated that the presence of these additions improved the safety factor and decreased significantly the displacements.
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Lima Júnior, Humberto C., Fábio L. Willrich, and Normando P. Barbosa. "Structural behavior of load bearing brick walls of soil-cement with the addition of ground ceramic waste." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 7, no. 3 (December 2003): 552–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-43662003000300024.
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An experimental study of three load bearing walls is presented and discussed in this paper. The walls were of soil-cement bricks made with three different material proportions, in which two of them had part of the cement amount replaced by crushed ceramic waste. The walls were 95.20 cm high, 75.32 cm wide and 12.56 cm thick and had their bricks layered with cement paste. The walls were tested under compression and their displacements were measured with 5 dial gages. The walls had satisfactory behaviour and their strengths were suitable as required by Brazilian popular houses. The differences between the brick strength and the wall strength were less than 20%. A finite element analysis (FEA) was performed and the uniformity of the compressive stress distributions in the walls was evaluated. Finally, it was observed that the partial replacement of the cement by crushed ceramic waste is possible.
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Yapage, Namal, and Samanthika Liyanapathirana. "Behaviour of geosynthetic reinforced column supported embankments." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 16, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 44–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-10-2015-0062.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the behaviour of geosynthetic reinforced deep cement mixed (DCM) column-supported embankments constructed over soft soils. Design/methodology/approach Coupled consolidation analyses based on the finite element method are carried out assuming that the soil and DCM columns are fully saturated porous mediums. In the first part of the paper, a case study of an embankment constructed over a very soft soil deposit in Finland is presented. Two- and three-dimensional finite element models for the case study are developed including isolated and attached DCM columns beneath the embankment to capture the arching mechanism between DCM columns. The model simulations were carried out considering the actual staged construction procedure adopted in the field. Finite element predictions show good agreement with field data and confirm that the load transfer is mainly between attached columns beneath the embankment. Next, the significance of geosynthetic reinforcement on the load transfer mechanism is investigated. Finally, the influence of permeability of columns and soft soil on the performance of geosynthetic reinforcement column-supported embankments is studied. Findings Results demonstrate that the excess pore pressure dissipation rate is fast in DCM column-improved ground compared to the same case without any columns, although the same permeability is assigned to both DCM columns and surrounding soft soil. When DCM column permeability exceeds soil permeability, excess pore pressure dissipation rate shows a remarkable increase compared to that observed when the DCM column permeability is less than or equal to the permeability of surrounding soft soil. [ ] Originality/value This paper investigates the contribution of permeability and geosynthetic layer on the vertical load transfer mechanism of the embankment and modelling issues related to application of the embankment load and the properties of the cement-improved columns.
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Santos, Carol Ferreira Rezende, Rita de Cássia Silva Sant’ana Alvarenga, Benício Costa Ribeiro, Charles Luis da Silva, Ana Augusta Passos Rezende, and Délio Porto Fassoni. "Use of Leather Residue in the Manufacturing of Soil-Cement Bricks." Materials Science Forum 820 (June 2015): 576–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.820.576.
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This work is an analysis of incorporation of leather powder residue to soil in order to apply it in soil-cement bricks. The leather powder is a byproduct of the finishing step of leather manufacturing that contains chromium in its composition. This element, when in its hexavalent form, is carcinogenic. Experiments were performed regarding brick pressing, water absorption, simple pressing, leaching and solubilization so that the mixtures have the minimum requisites for using the brick. The doses were 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 30% in volume of leather powder in soil. Only the 10% dose met the requisites of ABNT: NBR 8491:1984 that prescribes a minimum resistance of 2 MPa and absorption content lower than 20%. For this dosage, according to the limits stated in ABNT regulation NBR 10004:2004 , the leaching extract was classified as a Class II non-inert, which makes it possible to use it for civil construction purposes.
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SATOMI, Tomoaki, Naoki KONDA, and Hiroshi TAKAHASHI. "Evaluation of deformation-strength characteristics of Fiber-cement-stabilized soil by using Distinct Element Method." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. A2 (Applied Mechanics (AM)) 67, no. 2 (2011): I_375—I_384. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejam.67.i_375.
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Xu, Bin, Wei Luo, De Gao Zou, Xian Jing Kong, and Yang Zhou. "The Numerical Simulation of the Triaxial Test of Cemented Coarse-Grained Soils." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 2640–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.2640.
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Cemented coarse-grained soils have both the properties of coarse-grained soils and concrete. This paper used discrete element method (DEM) to simulate of the drained monotonic load triaxial tests of coarse-grained soils and cemented coarse-grained soils respectively, the microscopic parameters of numerical models were calibrated based on the tests. The characteristics of the cemented coarse-grained soils and the microscopic mechanism were analyzed. The results showed that, the cemented coarse-grained soils have the higher modulus and strength compared with coarse-grained with adding the 3% cement in the specimens and appear the significant strain softening after the stress reaches the peak value; the deformation of the soil particles,the friction between soil particles and the crack of the cement bond are the mainly internal factors.
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Ling, Zao, Jiangbin Wu, and Weidong Wang. "Numerical Analysis of Bearing Behavior of the Prebored Precast Pile with an Enlarged Base." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (August 30, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1505482.
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Prebored precast pile with an enlarged base (PPEB pile) is a new type of green and environmental protection pile foundation developed in China in recent years, which has complex bearing characteristics and many influencing factors. Based on the static load tests and key parameters’ tests in deep soft soil in Shanghai, a three-dimensional numerical analysis model was established using ABAQUS finite element software. The transfer law of load among the precast pile, cement soil, and soil around the pile and the action mechanism of the enlarged base were analyzed emphatically, and a sensitivity analysis of the main factors affecting the bearing performance was carried out. The calculation results show that the existence of the enlarged base can greatly improve the compressive bearing capacity, increasing the diameter and height of the enlarged base is beneficial to the bearing capacity, and the influence of the diameter expansion ratio is more effective. With the increase of the proportion of nodular piles, the ultimate bearing capacity increases slightly, but the deformation increases obviously. Under the condition of cement soil of the test piles, the spacing of the neighboring nodules of nodular piles has no obvious effect on the bearing capacity, and the 1 m spacing commonly used in engineering applications can be optimized. The increase of cement soil thickness is beneficial to the improvement of pile bearing capacity, but the efficiency is low. Finally, some improvement measures for the construction technology of the PPEB pile were put forward.
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Majeed, Muzamil, and Aman Preet Tangri. "Stabilization of soil using industrial wastes." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 889, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/889/1/012018.
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Abstract Soil is the most important and basic element of earth. In India which have more type of soil which have low or high bearing capacity like black cotton soil which have high montmorillonite and kalinite. These are those type of soil which have high shrinkage and swelling property. This type of soil cannot withstand heavy load. So, to overcome such problem treatment of soil is needed to be done using plastic materials or volcanic ash, cement kiln dust(CKD) particles for stabilizing this soil. Soil stabilization is the process which improve the physical effects of soil shearing and bearing capacity which is use of adding the admixture like cement, fly ash, lime volcanic ash CKD. Engineers are develop new technique for soil stabilization. It is really big deal to use these type of waste to stabilization of soil. India is developing country build new building and break the old building. All this process many type of waste are generate and in Indian survey nearly 7.46 million tonnes of hazardous waste is generated in India annually So the engineers are think the all waste are used in soil stabilization This paper write for two reason, one is recycle the waste materials and other one is increase the soil stabilize. Some type of industrial waste are including the gravel and dirt concrete and masonry, oils, metals, industrial waste like gasses or solids and also count vegetables matters from restaurants. In other words the industrials waste is two type one is non-hazardous and 2nd is hazardous
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Wang, Fengxue, Yan-Gao Hu, Li Liu, Yongfeng Deng, and Shuitao Gu. "Interphase Effect on the Macro Nonlinear Mechanical Behavior of Cement-Based Solidified Sand Mixture." Materials 15, no. 5 (March 7, 2022): 1972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15051972.
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This paper investigates the interphase effect on the macro nonlinear mechanical behavior of cement-based solidified sand mixture (CBSSM) using a finite element numerical simulation method. CBSSM is a multiphase composite whose main components are soil, cement, sand and water, often found in soft soil foundation reinforcement. The emergence of this composite material can reduce the cost of soft soil foundation reinforcement and weaken silt pollution. Simplifying the CBSSM into a three-phase structure can efficiently excavate the interphase effects, that is, the sand phase with higher strength, the cement-based solidified soil phase (CBSS) with moderate strength, and the interphase with weaker strength. The interphase between aggregate and CBSS in the mixture exhibits the weak properties due to high porosity but gets little attention. In order to clarify the mechanical relationship between interphase and CBSSM, a bilinear Cohesive Model (CM) was selected for the interphase, which can phenomenologically model damage behaviors such as damage nucleation, initiation and propagation. Firstly, carry out the unconfined compression experiments on the CBSSM with different artificial gradations and then gain the nonlinear stress–strain curves. Secondly, take the Monte Carlo method to establish the numerical models of CBSSM with different gradations, which can generate geometric models containing randomly distributed and non-overlapping sand aggregates in Python by code. Then, import the CBSSM geometric models into the finite element platform Abaqus and implement the same boundary conditions as the test. Fit experimental nonlinear stress–strain curves and verify the reliability of numerical models. Finally, analyze the interphase damage effect on the macroscopic mechanical properties of CBSSM by the most reliable numerical model. The results show that there is an obviously interphase effect on CBSSM mechanical behavior, and the interphase with greater strength and stiffness ensures the macro load capacity and service life of the CBSSM; a growth in the interphase number can also adversely affect the durability of CBSSM, which provides a favorable reference for the engineering practice.
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Yang, Liang, Wenyuan Xu, and Keke Li. "Analysis of the Embankment Settlement on Soft Soil Subgrade with a Cement Mixed Pile." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (November 28, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9949720.
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The settlement of the widening of soft soil subgrade highways is typically associated with different treatment positions of cement mixed piles. In order to overcome this, in the current paper we employ the finite element method to simulate and analyze the influence of piles under an existing road slope and under an existing subgrade and new embankment on the settlement characteristics of the subgrade and foundation. In particular, we focus on the influence of the pile length and pile spacing on the subgrade and foundation settlements based on a northern high-speed reconstruction and expansion project. The subgrade and foundation soils in the finite element analysis are considered to be homogeneous, continuous, and isotropic elastoplastic materials. The Mohr–Coulomb ideal elastoplastic constitutive model is implemented as the constitutive soil model. The impact of piles under an existing subgrade and new embankment on the settlement is observed to be more significant than that of piles under the existing road slope. Moreover, the subgrade and foundation settlements increase with the pile spacing under the existing road slope and under the existing subgrade and new embankment. More specifically, an increase of the pile spacing from 200% to 400% of the pile diameter is associated with an increase in the maximum settlement of the foundation surface from 1.76 to 1.85 cm (existing road slope) and from 1.44 to 1.96 cm (existing subgrade and new embankment). In addition, the subgrade and foundation settlements decrease for increasing pile lengths under the existing road slope and under the existing subgrade and new embankment, the pile length increases from 4.7 to 9.2 m, and the maximum foundation surface settlement is reduced from 6.2 to 5.52 cm and from 9.73 to 5.43 cm, respectively. The results can provide reference for future subgrade widening projects.
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Ćwiąkała, Michał, Andrzej Greinert, Joanna Korzeniowska, and Paweł Tarasewicz. "The advantage of virgin soil in rural service road constructions." Budownictwo i Architektura 12, no. 3 (September 11, 2013): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2009.
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Virgin soils as a result of geotechnical processes are element of road’s solid bottom. The bottom ought to have enough capacity and durability which is provided by proper virgin sub-grade’s enhancement. The sub-grade is road’s base course right bottom. It is possible to improve virgin soil’s parameters by road’s hydraulic binding agent. The agent is a mineral frame’s micro-particle extender or enhancement. The researches were focused to define main soil-cement compound’s mechanical parameter called CBR. Compounds consisted of rural virgin soils (five grain-size types) and two hydraulic agent types (endurance rates 3 MPa and 9 MPa). Hydraulic agent’s main component was activated fly ash and white cement (CEM I 42,5 MPa). The ash is from Pątnów Power Plant and is a result of brown coal burning. The researches answered that it is possible to exploit virgin soils in rural service road’s construction thanks to innovative road cements with binding qualities.