Academic literature on the topic 'Soil-cement element'
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Journal articles on the topic "Soil-cement element"
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Hary Yanto, Fendi, Yusep Muslih Purwana, and Niken Silmi Surjandari. "Finite Element Method (FEM) of Rigid Pavement Laid on Soft Soil Stabilized with Soil Cement Column." Applied Mechanics and Materials 845 (July 2016): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.845.83.
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Several investigators have extended the numerical analysis to model ground improvement using soil-column to support structures. Cement columns are widely used to improve the load deformity characteristics of soft soils. This technique would increase soil bearing capacity and reduces soil deformation owing to improving of soil strength and stiffness. The aim of this paper is to determine the rigid pavement structure deformity on soft soil for the cases of with and without column soil cement. Two geometrical models were used in this analysis: (a) without column soil cement and (b) with column soil. The result indicated that the presence of soil cement column considerably contributes to the decrease in deformation due to the increase in stiffness.
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Wu, Tianyue, Zhaohua Sun, Wanxia Tan, Cauderty Munashe Kasu, and Jian Gong. "Response of vertically-loaded pile in spatially-variable cement-treated soil." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 13, 2022): e0266975. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266975.
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Despite the extensive application prospects of piles in cement-treated soil, few studies have explored the ultimate bearing capacity especially in consideration of the spatial variability of cement-treated soil. This study examines the performance of driven piles which were installed inside the cement-treated ground, considering the inherent spatial variability of the cemented soil and the positioning error during piles installation through finite element analyses. The deterministic and random finite element analysis results have shown that the shaft resistance mainly provided the ultimate bearing resistance of piles in cement-treated soil. The spatial variability reduced the global performance of pile installed through a cement-treated soil. The ultimate bearing resistance of the pile inserted in cement-treated soil was controlled by drained condition. Drained ultimate bearing resistance should be used to determine the design working compression load of pile in cement-treated soil.
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Ma, Jun Qing, and You Xi Wang. "Study on the Relationship between Soil-Cement Parameters and Unconfined Compressive Strength." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 4012–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.4012.
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This paper studies relationship between soil-cement parameters and unconfined compressive strength. The research in tensile strength and deformation modulus of soil-cement is an important basis for soil-cement failure mechanism and intensity theory. They also impact cracks, deformation and durability of cement-soil structure. Shear strength and deformation of soil-cement is important to the destruction analysis and finite element calculations. Therefore it needs to study on tensile strength, shear strength and deformation modulus of soil-cement. Based on previous experiments, the relationship of tensile strength, shear strength, deformation modulus and unconfined compressive strength of soil-cement are quantitatively studied.
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Krysan, Vitalii, Volodymyr Krysan, Volodymyr Petrenko, Oleksii Tiutkin, and Volodymyr Andrieiev. "Improving the safety of railway subgrade when it is strengthened using soil-cement elements." MATEC Web of Conferences 294 (2019): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929403006.
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The article identifies the main parameters of the drilling-mixing technology, which is the most effective in fixing weak soil bases during the construction and restoration of transport, industrial and civil structures. The difference of the technology developed by the authors is that the strengthening process is carried out at low pressure (0.15 ... 0.25 MPa). The relevance of the research is that the proposed technology requires less cost with high rates of restoring the strength of soil foundations. To prove the high quality of the technology, laboratory studies were carried out to determine the optimal characteristics of the soil-cement element, as well as the proportions and composition of the fixing solution. The dependences of the strength of soil-cement elements in the air-dry condition with cement content from 7% to 23% with water-cement ratio in solution 1 / 0.3 and with cement content from 13% to 37.5% with water-cement ratio in solution 1/0,6. During the experimental-industrial studies of the author’s technology, the embankment was constructed with the soil-cement-reinforced elements for the access road approaches at one of the facilities in Kirovograd region, which ensured safety in the operation of a complex transport structure.
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Zuievska, Natalia, Liubov Shaidetska, and Valentina Gubashova. "IMPACT OF VARYING PROPERTIES OF GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ON THE FORMATION OF LOADS AT SHALLOW-LAYING UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES." Geoengineering, no. 3 (December 14, 2020): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2707-2096.3.2020.219322.
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Purpose. The purpose of this work is to consider the prospects for the use of jet grouting in urban development. On the example of the considered engineering-geological conditions to show the possibility of wide application of soil-cement elements. Methodology. To consider the main characteristic features of jet grouting, which prevail over traditional geotechnical technologies. To show the possibility of performing soil-cement elements not only in the conditions of strengthening the soil bases, but also in the conditions of anti-filtration elements when performing the protection of ditches. To present the ranges of strength characteristics of soil-cement material for soil conditions of Ukraine. Findings. The type and physical and mechanical properties of soils in which the jet-grouted element is performed will be one of the main factors influencing the geometric size of the elements and the strength of the soil-cement material. Originality. Collected and analyzed strength characteristics of soil-cement material and the presented ranges of their numerical values will allow to use them for future design of jet-routed elements in different soil conditions of Ukraine without the available personal developed practical base. Practical implications. In the progressive rhythm of urban development, the issue of new construction in the immediate vicinity of existing buildings, or the reconstruction of those in disrepair is acute. Due to its features and advantages, the technology of jet cementation allows to solve construction problems where other geotechnologies do not have the opportunity to be applied. Low dynamic impact will allow to perform soil-cement elements at strengthening of buildings and constructions in an emergency condition, low water permeability - to use jet elements as antifiltration, both single, and in joint work with other elements of designs of protection of ditches. Numerical experimental values of the strength of the material obtained by performing jet cementation, will predict the strength characteristics of future soil-cement elements.
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Ding, Fei, Lei Song, and Fengtian Yue. "Study on Mechanical Properties of Cement-Improved Frozen Soil under Uniaxial Compression Based on Discrete Element Method." Processes 10, no. 2 (February 8, 2022): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10020324.
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Taking cement-improved frozen soil as the research object, this paper, based on uniaxial unconfined compressive tests of improved-frozen soil under the conditions of different cement contents (6%, 12%, 18%) and curing ages (7 d, 14 d, 28 d), analyzed the results and probed the relationship between the strength and elastic modulus of cement-improved frozen soil and cement content and curing age. In combination with laboratory test results, numerical simulations were set with the PFC3D group, building on the samples with 6% and 18% cement content at 14 days of curing, respectively, and the mesoscopic parameter values of the two different amounts were calibrated, which proved the simulation of cement with PFC3D reliable to improve frozen soil, and from the microscopic view, the crack development, stress field, and the particle displacement field of the two samples were analyzed. The result shows that the force is not evenly distributed in the samples; with the main force chain on the cement particles, an increase in particles can lessen the cracks, and the failure of the 6% sample is a tensile plastic failure and that of the 18% sample is a tensile shear failure.
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Wang, Li Feng. "Orthogonal Test and Multi-Element Linear Regression Analysis of Compressive Strength of Nanometer Silicon Cemented Soil." Advanced Materials Research 317-319 (August 2011): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.317-319.34.
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Cement-stabilized soil has been widely used to ground treatment, tracing of foundation pit, water resistance. Additives in cemented soil play an important role in improving its basic properties of cemented soil. In this paper, a new kind of additive, Nanometer Silicon Oxide (SiO2-x), was incorporated into cemented soil. Undrained triaxial compression tests were performed to discuss the reinforced effect of the nanometer silicon on the strength property of the cemented soil. Four main factors that influence the compressive strength of the nanometer silicon cemented soil (NCS) are considered: cement content, nanometer material content, confining pressure, and water\cement ratio. Based on orthogonal tests, the paper analyzed quantitatively the main influence factors of the compression strength of NCS and presented the optimum mix combination. A linear regression model for the compression strength were proposed. Finally, some conclusions have been achieved.
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Jeong, Sang-Guk. "Numerical Modeling of Soil-Cement based on Discrete Element Method." Journal of the Korean Geosynthetic Society 15, no. 4 (December 30, 2016): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12814/jkgss.2016.15.4.033.
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Piriyakul, Keeratikan. "Using Shear Wave Velocity to Assess the Stiffness of Soil-Cement-Fly Ash." Applied Mechanics and Materials 459 (October 2013): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.459.115.
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This article presents the bender element technique to determine the stiffness of Bangkok clay mixed with the Portland cement type 1 and the fly ash type F by means of shear wave velocity. The Bangkok clay was mixed with 20% by weigh of Portland cement type 1 and varied the amount of fly ash (0, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% by weight). The soil-cement samples were cured for 3, 7, 14, 28 and 90 days. Then, these samples were performed the bender element test. The results reported that the optimum of replacement fly ash was about 15-20% and showed that the stiffness of soil-cement-fly ash mixing was increased with increasing the curing time. However, the shear wave velocity results were higher than the result of 0% replacement of fly ash which was the long term behaviour of cement mixed with fly ash.
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Rasouli, Habib, Hana Takhtfirouzeh, Abbasali Taghavi Ghalesari, and Roya Hemati. "Bearing Capacity Improvement of Shallow Foundations Using Cement-Stabilized Sand." Key Engineering Materials 723 (December 2016): 795–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.723.795.
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In order to attain a satisfactory level of safety and stability in the construction of structures on weak soil, one of the best solutions can be soil improvement. The addition of a certain percentage of some materials to the soil may compensate for its deficiency. Cement is a suitable material to be used for stabilization and modification of a wide variety of soils. By using this material, the engineering properties of soil can be improved. In this study, the effect of soil stabilization with cement on the bearing capacity of a shallow foundation was studied by employing finite element method. The material properties were obtained by conducting experimental tests on cement-stabilized sand. Cement varying from 2% to 8% by soil dry weight was added for stabilization. The effect of reinforced soil block dimensions, foundation width and cement content were investigated. From the results, it can be figured out that by stabilizing the soil below the foundation to certain dimensions with the necessary cement content, the bearing capacity of the foundation will increase to an acceptable level.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Soil-cement element"
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Kamalzare, Soheil. "Performance of Columnar Reinforced Ground during Seismic Excitation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74876.
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Deep soil mixing to construct stiff columns is one of the methods used today to improve performance of loose ground and remediate liquefaction problems. This research adopts a numerical approach to study seismic performance of soil-cement columnar reinforcements in loose sandy profiles. Different constitutive models were investigated in order to find a model that can properly predict soil behavior during seismic excitations. These models included NorSand, Dafalias-Manzari, Plasticity Model for Sands (PM4Sand) and Pressure-Dependent-Multi-Yield-02 (PDMY02) model. They were employed to predict behavior of soils with different relative densities and under different confining pressures during monotonic and cyclic loading. PDMY02 was identified as the most suitable model to represent soil seismic behavior for the system studied herein.
The numerical aspects of the finite element approach were investigated to minimize the unintended numerical miscalculations. The focus was put on convergence tolerance, solver time-step, constraint definition, and, integration, material and Rayleigh damping. This resulted in forming a robust numerical configuration for 3-D nonlinear models that were later used for studying behavior of the reinforced grounds.
Nonlinear finite element models were developed to capture the seismic response of columnar reinforced ground during dynamic centrifuge testing. The models were calibrated with results from tests with unreinforced profiles. Thereafter, they were implemented to predict the response of two reinforced profiles during seismic excitations with different intensities and liquefaction triggering. Model predictions were compared with recordings and the possible effects from the reinforcements were discussed. Finally, parametric studies were performed to further evaluate the efficiency of the reinforcements with different extension depths and area replacement ratios.
The results collectively showed that the stiff elements, if constructed appropriately, can withstand seismic excitations with different intensities, and provide a firm base for overlying structures. However, the presence of the stiff elements within the loose ground resulted in stronger seismic intensities on the soil surface. The columns were not able to considerably reduce pore water pressure generation, nor prevent liquefaction triggering. The reinforced profiles, comparing to the free-field profiles, had larger settlements on the soil surface but smaller settlements on the columns. The results concluded that utilization of the columnar reinforcements requires great attention as these reinforcements may result in larger seismic intensities at the ground surface, while not considerably reducing the ground deformations.Ph. D.
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Губашова, Валентина Євгенівна. "Обґрунтування раціональних технологічних параметрів струменевої цементації в складних геотехнічних умовах." Doctoral thesis, Київ, 2021. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/40256.
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Дисертація присвячена обґрунтуванню раціональних технологічних параметрів струменевої цементації в складних геотехнічних умовах. В роботі досліджено та встановлено взаємозв’язки технологічних параметрів струменевої цементації з діаметром ґрунтоцементної колони в різних типах ґрунтів. На основі отриманих експоненціальних залежностей діаметра ґрунтоцементного елементу круглого перерізу від енергії високонапірного струменя цементного розчину розроблено методику розрахунку діаметра струменево-цементаційної колони. В процесі дослідження експериментальним шляхом доведено змінення фізико-механічних властивостей ґрунту, що оточує ґрунтоцементний елемент під час його виконання за струменевою технологією. На підставі математичного моделювання визначено закономірності формування в ґрунтових масивах зон з поліпшеними фізико-механічними параметрами в міжколонному просторі в різних типах ґрунтів. Удосконалено методику комп’ютерного моделювання управління напружено-деформованим станом основи будівлі під час її підсилення струменево-цементаційними елементами з урахуванням складних геотехнічних умов.
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Foppa, Diego. "Novo método para cálculo da capacidade de carga de fundações superficiais assentes sobre camada de reforço em solo cimento." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/156817.
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Pesquisas recentes têm mostrado que a utilização de camada de reforço em solo-cimento é uma alternativa para o aumento da capacidade de carga e redução dos recalques de fundações superficiais em solos de baixa resistência. Os métodos para previsão da capacidade de carga em sistemas de dupla camada encontrados na literatura trazem implícita a premissa de que a camada superior é contínua ou suficientemente maior que a largura da fundação. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi desenvolver um novo método para o cálculo de capacidade de carga de fundações superficiais assentes sobre uma camada de reforço em solo-cimento, considerando sua extensão lateral. Para tanto, foram realizados ensaios em modelos reduzidos de fundações contínuas assentes sobre um solo arenoso fofo, bem como, análises numéricas através do método dos elementos finitos. Observaram-se dois tipos distintos de ruptura. No primeiro, a camada de reforço é puncionada para dentro do solo natural, sem apresentar fissuras, até o deslocamento correspondente à capacidade de carga do solo natural No segundo, após um recalque inicial, a camada de reforço rompe com o aparecimento de uma fissura, que pode localizar-se junto à borda ou no eixo da fundação, e se propaga de baixo para cima, à medida que aumentam os recalques. Verificou-se que a máxima tensão de tração na camada de reforço é função da reação do solo na base do reforço e da relação Tr/Hr, onde Tr é a distância horizontal entre a borda da fundação e a borda do reforço e Hr é a espessura do reforço. A partir destas observações, foi desenvolvido um novo método de cálculo com a premissa de que a ruptura ocorra no solo e não na camada de reforço. Assim, é possível calcular a capacidade de carga considerando que fundação e reforço atuam como um elemento único, apoiado na mesma profundidade de assentamento do reforço. Ao mesmo tempo, é apresentada uma equação para previsão da máxima tensão de tração que atuará no reforço, a partir da qual, se pode dimensioná-lo com segurança.Recent researches have shown that the use of soil-cement reinforcement layer is an alternative to increase bearing capacity and reduce settlements of shallow foundations in low resistance soils. The existing methods for predicting bearing capacity of double layer systems implicitly assume that the top layer is continuous or sufficiently greater than the foundation width. This study aims to develop a new method for bearing capacity calculation of shallow foundations supported by a soil-cement reinforcing layer, considering its lateral extension. Therefore, small scale tests of continuous foundations on a loose sandy soil, as well as, numerical analysis by the finite element method were carried out. It was observed two distinct types of failure. In the first, the reinforcement layer is punched through the sandy soil, without showing any cracking, up to a settlement which corresponds to the sand bearing capacity. In the second, after an initial settlement, the reinforcement layer breaks up, showing a fissure, which may be located near the edge or the axis of foundation, and propagates upward as the settlements continues. It was found that the maximum tensile stress in the reinforcement layer is a function of soil reaction on the reinforcement and the ratio Tr/Hr, where Tr is the horizontal distance between the edge of the foundation and the edge soil-cement layer and Hr is the thickness of the soil-cement layer. From these observations, it was developed a new calculation method, with the assumption that the failure occurs in the soil and not in the reinforcement layer. Thus, it is possible to calculate the bearing capacity considering that foundation and reinforcement act as a single element, supported at the same depth of the reinforcement base. In order to design the soil-cement layer, an equation for the maximum tensile stress prediction is provided.
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Uday, Vyas V. "Studies On Shear Bond Strength - Masonry Compressive Strength Relationship And Finite Element Model For Prediction Of Masonry Compressive Strength." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/462.
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Masonry is a layered composite consisting of mortar and the masonry unit. Perfect bond between the masonry unit and the mortar is essential for the masonry to perform as one single entity in order to resist the stresses due to various loading conditions. Nature of stresses developed in the masonry unit and the mortar and the failure pattern of masonry subjected to compression greatly depends upon the relative stiffness of the masonry unit and the mortar. The thesis is focused on (a) some issues pertaining to masonry unit – mortar bond strength and its influence on masonry compressive strength, and (b) developing a finite element (FE) model to predict the compressive strength of masonry.
Importance of masonry bond strength and masonry behaviour is highlighted in chapter 1. Characteristics of masonry units and mortars used in the investigations are presented in Chapter 2. Two types of soil-cement blocks with widely varying strength and elastic properties and cement-lime mortars of two different proportions were used in the investigations. Results of stress-strain relationships and other characteristics were determined for the blocks as well as for mortars. Block-mortar combinations were selected to have block modulus to mortar modulus ratio of <1.0, ~1.0 and >1.0.
Different artificial methods of enhancing the shear bond strength of masonry couplets have been discussed in chapter 3. Shear bond strength of the masonry couplets was determined through a modified direct shear box test apparatus. Without altering the block and mortar properties, bond strength values for three block-mortar combinations were generated through experiments. Effect of pre-compression on shear bond strength has also been examined for certain block-mortar combinations. Considering five different bond strength values and three block-mortar combinations, compressive strength and stress-strain characteristics of masonry was obtained through the tests on masonry prisms. A detailed discussion on influence of shear bond strength on masonry compressive strength is presented. Major conclusions of the investigation are: (a) without altering the block and mortar characteristics shear bond strength can be enhanced considerably through the manipulation of surface texture and surface coatings, (b) masonry compressive strength increases linearly as the shear bond strength increases only for the combination of masonry unit modulus less than that of mortar modulus, (c) masonry compressive strength is not sensitive to bond strength variation when the modulus of masonry unit is larger than that of the mortar.
Chapter 4 is dedicated to the development of a 3D FE model to predict the masonry compressive strength. Literature review of empirical methods/formulae and some failure theories developed to predict masonry strength are presented. Existing FE models for masonry dealing with both macro and micro modelling approaches are reviewed. The proposed FE model considers (a) 3D non-linear analysis combined with a failure theory, (b) uses multi-linear stress-strain relationships to model the non-linear stress-strain behaviour of masonry materials, (c) adopting Willam-Warnke’s five parameter failure theory developed for modelling the tri-axial behaviour of concrete, and (d) application of orthotropic constitutive equations based on smeared crack approach. The predicted values of masonry compressive strength are compared with experimental values as well as those predicted from other failure theories. The thesis ends with a summary of conclusions in chapter 5.
Book chapters on the topic "Soil-cement element"
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Piriyakul, Keeratikan, and Janjit Iamchaturapatr. "Deep Soil Mixing Method for the Bio-cement by Means of Bender Element Test." In Advances in Laboratory Testing and Modelling of Soils and Shales (ATMSS), 375–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52773-4_44.
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Das, Soumalya, Shrikant D. Mishra, Apurba Mondal, R. N. Sarangi, Raghupati Roy, and Arvind Shrivastava. "Finite Element Simulation of Vertical Pile Load Tests for Piles Casted Partly in Soil Cement and Natural Alluvium Soil Deposits." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 477–92. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5669-9_39.
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Bredenberg, Phung Due Long &. Håkan. "Deep excavations with soil stabilised by lime-cement columns – A parameter study using finite element method." In Dry Mix Methods for Deep Soil Stabilization, 201–6. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315141466-24.
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Baker, S. "Numerical analysis of load distribution between lime/cement columns and surrounding soil using finite element method." In Dry Mix Methods for Deep Soil Stabilization, 215–20. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315141466-26.
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Ouyang, Y., L. Pelecanos, and K. Soga. "Finite-element modelling of thermo-mechanical soil-structure interaction in a thermo-active cement column buried in London Clay." In Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering IX, 781–86. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351003629-98.
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Hussaini Jagaba, Ahmad, Shamsul Rahman Mohamed Kutty, Gasim Hayder Ahmed Salih, Azmatullah Noor, Mohammad Fakhuma Ubaidillah bin Md Hafiz, Nura Shehu Aliyu Yaro, Anwar Ameen Hezam Saeed, Ibrahim Mohammed Lawal, Abdullahi Haruna Birniwa, and Abdullahi Usman Kilaco. "Palm Oil Clinker as a Waste by-Product: Utilization and Circular Economy Potential." In Elaeis guineensis [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97312.
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Conservation of natural resources to create ecological balance could be significantly improved by substituting them with waste by-products. Palm oil industry operations increases annually, thereby generating huge quantity of waste to be dumped into the landfill. Palm oil clinker (POC) is a solid waste by-product produced in one of the oil palm processing phases. This chapter is designed to highlight the generation, disposal problems, properties and composition of POC. The waste to resource potentials of POC would be greatly discussed in the chapter starting with the application of POC in conventional and geopolymer structural elements such as beams, slabs, columns made of either concrete, mortar or paste for coarse aggregates, sand and cement replacement. Aspects such as performance of POC in wastewater treatment processes, fine aggregate and cement replacement in asphaltic and bituminous mixtures during highway construction, a bio-filler in coatings for steel manufacturing processes and a catalyst during energy generation would also be discussed. Circular economy potentials, risk assessment and leaching behavior during POC utilization would be evaluated. The chapter also discusses the effectiveness of POC in soil stabilization and the effect of POC pretreatment for performance enhancement. Towards an efficient utilization, it is important to carry out technical and economic studies, as well as life cycle assessments, in order to compare all the POC areas of application described in the present review article. POC powder has proven to be pozzolanic with maximum values of 17, 53.7, 0.92, 3.87, 1.46, for CaO, SiO2, SO3, Fe2O3 and Al2O3. Therefore, the present chapter would inspire researchers to find research gaps that will aid the sustainable use of agroindustry wastes. The fundamental knowledge contained in the chapter could also serve as a wake-up call for researchers that will motivate them to explore the high potential of utilizing POC for greater environmental benefits associated with less cost when compared with conventional materials.
Conference papers on the topic "Soil-cement element"
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Kasbergen, C., Y. Zhao, A. Scarpas, and X. Liu. "3 D Finite Element Analysis of Pavement Constructed on Cement Stabilized Soil-Walls with a New Friction Interface Element." In GeoShanghai International Conference 2006. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40866(198)35.
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Veselý, Jakub, Petr Pánek, and Ludvík Vébr. "Thermo – mechanical model of concrete pavement in hardening phasis." In 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1032.
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This paper is focused on the analysis of concrete pavements using finite element method (FEM). Specifically, it deals with the analysis of temperatures in the initial phasis of hardening and their influence on mechanical behavior of concrete pavement. High temperatures from hydration and climatic conditions in the early phase of concrete hardening co-operate and may initiate the formation of a network of micro-cracks on the surface of the concrete slab. The resulting temperatures (from hydration and climate) can theoretically be positively influenced by determining the start of concreting, so that the maximum temperatures do not meet at the same time. However, from a practical point of view the use of retarders is more realistic. Another possibility is to reduce the hydration heat by changing the composition of the concrete mixture (amount of cement, type of cement, use of alternative binders). Based on the knowledge of the material composition of the concrete and the specific temperature behavior during the concrete laying, it will be possible to predict the durability of concrete pavement in the future. Using weak formulation FEM model with quadratic base functions, the 2D heat transfer model was created. Boundary conditions were determined from experimental measurement on highway D1 in the Czech Republic. When this model was fitted to experimental data, the 3D coupled thermo - mechanical model was created. Soil and concrete elastic material characteristics had been taken over from Czech technical norms. Soil was modelled as Winkler-Pasternak 2D plate. Parameters c1 a c2 were assessed from comparison with 3D model with soil modelled as multiple layer system.
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Cantinelli Sevillano, Lucas, Jesus De Andrade, Milan Stanko, and Sigbjørn Sangesland. "Subsea Wellhead Fatigue Analysis With Focus on Thermal Conditions." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54088.
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The structural integrity of subsea wellhead systems has to be maintained during the life cycle of a well and is of concern when frequent intervention and workover operations are performed to extend its service lifetime. Recent efforts have been made to improve and standardize methods for modeling wellhead fatigue-related loads and expected service life. Nevertheless, no comprehensive study of thermal loads and their implications on wellhead fatigue calculation has been published so far. This paper addresses the significance of thermal-related loads on wellhead fatigue damage assessment during the drilling phase of a subsea satellite well. Subsea wells are exposed to dynamic loads during drilling operations that are transmitted to the wellhead through the marine riser, which may reduce their functionality over time. The wellhead housing is located on top of a shoulder in the conductor housing. As a result, forces on the wellhead datum are transferred between the wellhead housing, casing strings, the template and soil. The way in which forces are exerted on the different wellhead structural components is strongly dependent on factors such as wellhead design, soil support, cement level and bonding between conductor and surface casing. To investigate the effects of thermal loading, numerical analyses have been performed based on the finite element method. First, the temperature profiles along the wellbore were estimated during the drilling operation, given the circulation of drilling fluids. Temperature data at selected moments were input to a 3-D structural local analysis of the wellhead. Then, its response to imposed mechanical and thermal loads was investigated. A beam proxy model of the wellhead was established and coupled to the global riser analysis, including the marine riser subject to environmental loading and the corresponding top-end vessel motion, which gave the load history on the wellhead according to the environmental loading. Local and global analysis results combined yielded the fatigue damage incurred in the wellhead during the drilling operation. Four different top of cement configurations for the surface casing were considered in the study. It was found that the induced thermal variation on the wellhead may lead to significant variation in the numerical estimation of fatigue damage rates during a drilling operation. The results indicate that the impact of thermal loading is strongly dependent on the cement level.
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Aronsen, Kristoffer H., Sergey Kuzmichev, Guttorm Grytøyr, Kathrine Gregersen, Finn Kirkemo, and Lorents Reinås. "Analysis Approach for Estimating Wellhead Fatigue." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77214.
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A structured technology development process targeting to combine industry and Statoil’s experience has produced an engineering approach for wellhead fatigue analysis that is verified against measurements of load and load effects in actual subsea wells. This paper outlines Statoil’s wellhead fatigue analysis approach, which is based on the new industry standard for wellhead fatigue analyses, DNVGL-RP-E104, ref. [1]. Parts of the methodology has been presented in previous papers. The present paper provides a birds eye view, putting all the pieces together into one coherent methodology. The development and validation of an engineering approach for estimating the bending moment in the surface casing, between the wellhead housing and top of cement, will be presented in detail; this has previously been referred to as load sharing between wellhead and conductor. The wellhead fatigue analysis approach is based on a “coupled model”, which in this case means that the conductor with PY-soil springs are included in the model, compatible with industry recommendations [1], with the following main characteristics: • The lower boundary condition is modelled as a conductor in soil with a bending stiffness equivalent of the well system. • Soil and template interaction is modelled by discrete springs. • The global riser load analysis is run with long crested waves and head sea. Directionality of the waves are handled by reduction factors applied to the damage rate. Alternatively, directionality effects may be included by running multiple wave directions with short crested waves. • Fatigue capacity of the hotspots in the well system is represented by ΔM-N curves generated from detailed FE models. Typically, ΔM-N curves are established for connectors, welds between housings and casings, and for the wellhead housings. The paper includes validation against full scale measurements for a wellhead of preloaded type. In addition, it is demonstrated how the approach can be used for wellheads where the high-pressure housing may rotate inside the low-pressure housing. For this case, the validation is performed against a full 3D solid element model. The analysis approach presented is computationally effective and it will hence enable increased focus on sensitivity analyses. Analysis work is moved from time consuming local- and global analysis, to effective post-processing of data. Uncertainty in the input parameters has been found to significantly influence the fatigue estimate. Understanding these effects is considered vital for making conscious decisions on the fatigue life of a well. See e.g. [8], [10] and [20]. As pointed out already in 1985 by Valka et.al., ref. [5], and also by Milberger et. al., ref. [6], the cement level, and the relative motion of the two housings, represent large uncertainties. Macke et. al, ref. [10], showed that the additional uncertainty due to cement level and friction between housings exceeds the levels covered by the traditional fatigue safety factor of DFF = 10. A method is proposed to handle this in a consistent manner.
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Kasali, Gyimah, and Osamu Taki. "Design and Construction Aspects of Soil Cement Columns as Foundation Elements." In Third International Conference on Grouting and Ground Treatment. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40663(2003)27.
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Bohan, Paul, and Donogh Lang. "Advancements in Deepwater Drilling Riser Modelling." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24108.
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Experience with modern ultra-deepwater capable drilling vessels and their associated marine riser tensioner systems has led to increased concerns over tensioner load variations in extreme environments. Modern drilling riser tensioners are complex hydro-pneumatic systems whereby the tension applied at the slip-ring can vary significantly with tensioner stroke in response to vessel heave. The aforementioned tensioner load variations that occur with modern tensioner systems can have a significant effect on the loads transferred to the wellhead and conductor/casing. This can lead to fatigue concerns at critical locations. The connectors along the conductor and surface casing can be highly susceptible to fatigue if they are located in regions of high bending loads below the mudline. This paper will give a detailed overview of recent technology advancements that have been incorporated into the latest version of an industry-standard tool for global analysis of drilling risers [1] and that allow these concerns to be addressed. It will focus on two main areas where significant enhancements have been made in tensioner and wellhead & casing modelling. (Note that the version of the software incorporating these capabilities will be made commercially available during 2014.) The advanced tensioner modelling capability consists of a detailed tensioner model that includes individual hydraulic and pneumatic components of the tensioner system that are fully integrated with a non-linear 3D structural finite element model. This tensioner model is capable of fully capturing all transient behaviour and load variations of real world tensioner systems. This paper will describe in detail this unique modelling capability and its application, including riser recoil analysis. Additionally, accurate modelling of the wellhead, conductor/casing and the surrounding soil structure is crucial in order to accurately predict bending loads experienced in this region. This includes modelling individual wellhead sections (high pressure housing, low pressure housing and tapered sections) and multi-pipe structures for conductor/casing sections (including cement layers). The advanced soil modelling includes the capability to specify different soil types at different depths. This paper will describe in detail these advanced modelling capabilities. The detailed tensioner modelling capability represents a highly advanced technical and innovative development and is fundamental to providing a realistic recoil analysis capability. The advanced wellhead and casing modelling allows for accurate prediction of the stresses experienced in this critical region and accurate determination of the fatigue lives of these components. This paper will demonstrate how all of these advanced modelling capabilities can be used to accurately model deepwater drilling risers and provide increased confidence in conducting drilling operations in the harshest of environments.
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Cirstian, Felicia, Jason Patrick Sauter, Constantin Vintila, Gheorghe Albulescu, Cosmin Constantin Badescu, and Maximilian Ene. "Remediating a Landslide Affected Well for Subsequent Abandonment - Challenges Overcome and Solutions Applied." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207491-ms.
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Abstract Control/Tracking Number 21 ADIP-P-4946-SPE Abstract Description This paper will present a case study to describe the well integrity complications of an onshore gas well in Romania affected by a landslide event, the challenges overcome during the land consolidation/excavation around the well, and the remediation solution of the well's casings. After being severely affected by a landslide, the subject well stopped production having a surface deviation from the original position of 5m and a landslide plane at cca 25m. The primary scope of the project was to restore the integrity of the well in order to safely abandon the well so that people and environment were not exposed to risk or danger. The project was elaborated through a collaborative effort of multidisciplinary teams including company personnel, such as well integrity engineers, completion engineers, geologists, abandonment team members, civil engineers, HSSE and construction, as well as several service providers. As part of the Phase to consolidate the well's surrounding area, additional risk mitigations were identified through HAZID workshops and implemented, such as creating gas drainage shafts, utilizing ATEX equipment and cold cutting tools for casings, tools, and organizing Rescue People Services. These elements and more aspects were elements of safety included in the project to better assure the success. The project has several milestones, the first being the consolidation of the well surroundings using 33 cement pillar rings with a total diameter of 8m and depth of 32m. A gas relief column was necessary to ensure the gas infiltration was exhausted from the soil. Once the ring was formed around the well, the excavation commenced inside the ring, avoiding impact with the conductor pipe of the well. This activity posed notable HSSE challenges, requiring solutions derived from HAZID workshops based on evaluations of the various discipline teams and certified parties. Following the excavation, the planned casing remediation included cold cutting the casing using diamond encrusted equipment, due to the gas presence at the well area. Casing restoration was planned for use of bolts to reconnect the casings, thus preventing welding.