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1
Nikitin, Dmitry A., Ekaterina A. Ivanova, Mikhail V. Semenov, Alena D. Zhelezova, Natalya A. Ksenofontova, Azida K. Tkhakakhova, and Vladimir A. Kholodov. "Diversity, Ecological Characteristics and Identification of Some Problematic Phytopathogenic Fusarium in Soil: A Review." Diversity 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15010049.
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The genus Fusarium includes many pathogenic species causing a wide range of plant diseases that lead to high economic losses. In this review, we describe how the Fusarium taxonomy has changed with the development of microbiological methods. We specify the ecological traits of this genus and the methods of its identification in soils, particularly the detection of phytopathogenic representatives of Fusarium and the mycotoxins produced by them. The negative effects of soil-borne phytopathogenic Fusarium on agricultural plants and current methods for its control are discussed. Due to the high complexity and polymorphism of Fusarium species, integrated approaches for the risk assessment of Fusarium diseases are necessary.
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Mohammed, Tajudin A., Alemayehu H. Welderufael, and Bayoush B. Yeshinigus. "Assessment and Distribution of Foliar and Soil-Borne Diseases of Capsicum Species in Ethiopia." International Journal of Phytopathology 10, no. 2 (October 3, 2021): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.010.02.3629.
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Diseases caused by fungi and oomycetes lead to reduced productivity of pepper (Capsicum spp.) in Ethiopia. Currently, knowledge about severity and geographical distribution of fungal diseases in pepper producing areas is limited. Thus this study was aimed: to map the geographical distribution of economically relevant Capsicum diseases and to identify, document, prioritize, and update the status of fungal infectious diseases across the country. A survey was conducted throughout major pepper agro-ecological zones in Ethiopia for two consecutive years, 2018 and 2019/20. Districts were surveyed based on pepper production at intervals of 4 to 10 kilometers from each sampling zone of major pepper growing areas. Global positioning system (GPS) was used to mark each sampling point using a GPS receiver for altitude and coordinates. Nine major pathogenic fungi were identified in samples collected from different pepper-producing areas across the country. Cercospora leaf spot caused by Cercospora capsici was found prevalent in 39.8% of the 133 fields studied, followed by Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. capsici, and Phytophthora collar, root, and fruit rot caused by Phytophthora capsici, prevalent in 21.1% and 15.8% fields, respectively. The maximum overall mean percent severity index (69.5%) was recorded for Fusarium stem and root rot (Fusarium solani) followed by damping-off (56.7%) and Fusarium wilt (55.4%). The current study indicated the importance of fungal diseases, particularly soil-borne diseases. The molecular characterizations, primers development for important pathogens, and genome-wide screening of Capsicum genotypes in Ethiopia required to advance environmentally safe and affordable disease control methods.
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Su, Lv, Lifan Zhang, Duoqian Nie, Eiko E. Kuramae, Biao Shen, and Qirong Shen. "Bacterial Tomato Pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum Invasion Modulates Rhizosphere Compounds and Facilitates the Cascade Effect of Fungal Pathogen Fusarium solani." Microorganisms 8, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060806.
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Soil-borne pathogen invasions can significantly change the microbial communities of the host rhizosphere. However, whether bacterial Ralstonia solanacearum pathogen invasion influences the abundance of fungal pathogens remains unclear. In this study, we combined high-throughput sequencing, qPCR, liquid chromatography and soil culture experiments to analyze the rhizosphere fungal composition, co-occurrence of fungal communities, copy numbers of functional genes, contents of phenolic acids and their associations in healthy and bacterial wilt-diseased tomato plants. We found that R. solanacearum invasion increased the abundance of the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium solani. The concentrations of three phenolic acids in the rhizosphere soil of bacterial wilt-diseased tomato plants were significantly higher than those in the rhizosphere soil of healthy tomato plants. In addition, the increased concentrations of phenolic acids significantly stimulated F. solani growth in the soil. Furthermore, a simple fungal network with fewer links, nodes and hubs (highly connected nodes) was found in the diseased tomato plant rhizosphere. These results indicate that once the symptom of bacterial wilt disease is observed in tomato, the roots of the wilt-diseased tomato plants need to be removed in a timely manner to prevent the enrichment of other fungal soil-borne pathogens. These findings provide some ecological clues for the mixed co-occurrence of bacterial wilt disease and other fungal soil-borne diseases.
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Sodikov, B., A. Khakimov, U. Rakhmonov, A. Omonlikov, R. Gulmatov, and S. Utaganov. "Soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi biodiversity of sunflower." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1068, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1068/1/012018.
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Abstract Diseases caused by soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi are a serious problem for agricultural crops, including sunflower crops. The limited possibilities of measures to control them further increases the interest and focus on them. This article reveals data on the species composition, occurrence rate of soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi isolated from the soil of sunflower. Here, 11 species of true fungi and 1 species of oomycetes have been isolated. The highest incidence rate was recorded in the Fusarium oxysporum fungi species. During the study, pathogenic fungi specific to sunflower have also been isolated.
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Gupta, Sheetanshu, and A. K. Sharma. "Suppression of Sclerotium rolfsii and Fusarium oxysporum through Glomalin a Glycoprotein Produced by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi under in vitro Condition." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 7 (May 8, 2023): 396–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i71891.
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For sustainable agriculture to succeed, especially in the production of organic food, the use of biofertilizers and biopesticides is essential. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is important for improving plant development through increased nutrient intake, soil stabilization, and carbon sequestration through the creation of glomalin, a distinct and specialized protein. It was not determined whether glomalin affects soil-borne fungi infections. Therefore, using glomalin isolated from the soil used to raise maize plants inoculated with various arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), the inhibition of soil-borne plant diseases Sclerotium rolfsii and Fusarium oxysporum was examined. The outcomes demonstrated that there was variation in the quantity of glomalin generated by various AMF species. Glomalin isolated from soil inoculated with Glomus coronatum suppressed Sclerotium rolfsii and Fusarium oxysporum more effectively in in-vitro tests than soil inoculated with Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae.
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Bowen, Alison, Ryan Orr, Anna V. McBeath, Anthony Pattison, and Paul N. Nelson. "Suppressiveness or conduciveness to Fusarium wilt of bananas differs between key Australian soils." Soil Research 57, no. 2 (2019): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr18159.
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Soils are known to differ in suppressiveness to soil-borne diseases, but the suppressiveness or otherwise to Fusarium wilt of Australian soils used to grow bananas is unknown. In this work we tested the relative suppressiveness of six key soil types. Banana (Musa (AAB group) ‘Pome’, cultivar ‘Lady Finger’) was grown in pots of the soils inoculated or not with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) ‘Race 1’. Sixteen weeks after inoculation the plants were harvested and disease severity was assessed by measuring discoloration within the rhizome. In the inoculated pots, disease severity was greatest in the alluvial Liverpool and Virgil soils and least in the basaltic origin Tolga soil. No disease was detected in the non-inoculated pots. Soils with the lowest disease severity had the highest root mass, irrespective of inoculation, and the largest (negative) effect of inoculation on root dry mass. Disease severity in inoculated pots was negatively correlated with soil clay content and β-glucosidase activity. The results indicate that the risk of Fusarium wilt negatively impacting banana growth differs between soils of the main Australian banana-growing region.
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Deng, Xiao, Qin Fen Li, Chun Yuan Wu, and Jing Kun Liu. "Influence of the Number of Pathogen Causing Banana Fusarium Wilt and Soil Factors on the Infection Degree of Banana Plants." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 1989–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.1989.
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Banana fusarium wilt is one of the soil-borne diseases of seriously threat to banana production in the world. However, there is no effective method for prevention. The objective was providing theoretical basis for field diagnosis of banana fusarium wilt. Thirty rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil samples were collected from three typical banana plots (Jianfeng, Shiyuetian, Chongpo) infected by banana fusarium wilt. Applying dilution plate method to estimate the pathogenic number, fourteen soil physicochemical properties and nutrient concentrations were chemically determined. Results showed that pathogenic number and nutrient concentrations in rhizosphere soil were higher than non-rhizosphere soil, the pathogenic number and pH in rhizosphere soils significantly increased with increasing of plant infection grades, while the concentrations of available P and B decreased with increasing of plant infection grades. It was concluded that infection degree of banana plants was mainly determined by pathogenic number, pH and the concentrations of available P and B.
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Song, Zhaoxin, Sebastien Massart, Dongdong Yan, Hongyan Cheng, Mathilde Eck, Chadi Berhal, Canbin Ouyang, Yuan Li, Qiuxia Wang, and Aocheng Cao. "Composted Chicken Manure for Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation Increased the Strawberry Yield and Shifted the Soil Microbial Communities." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 5, 2020): 6313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166313.
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Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD), as a bio-fumigation technology, has been developed to control soil-borne pests. There is increasing evidence showing that carbon sources and cover tarps play an important role in the ASD suppression of soil-borne pests, but little is known about the effect of composted chicken manure (CCM) and totally impermeable films (TIF) against soil-borne pests in the strawberry production system. In experiments, the colonies of Fusarium spp. and Phytophthora spp., which are recognized to cause strawberry soil-borne diseases, decreased significantly after ASD. The soil promoted a significant increase in ammonium nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen and organic matter, but a decrease in oxidation-reduction potential after ASD. Besides, the strawberry plant height, stem thickness and yield were significantly higher than in the non-amended soil. Compared to the untreated control, ASD, both at 6 and 12 ton/ha of CCM, significantly (p = 0.05) increased strawberry marketable yield and income. The economic benefit could be due to the suppression of soil-borne diseases and the improvement of soil nutrition. The soil bacterial and fungal diversity and richness increased after soil fumigation. The increased presence of biological control agents led to the suppression of soil-borne pathogens. In summary, ASD with CCM amendments could be applied in pre-plant fumigation to control strawberry soil-borne pests, strengthen soil fertility, improve crop yield and increase growers’ income.
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Saygı, Sevilay, Muharrem Türkkan, and İsmail Erper. "Toprak Kökenli Bitki Patojeni Funguslarla Mücadelede Biofumigasyonun Kullanım Olanakları." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, no. 9 (September 10, 2019): 1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i9.1245-1248.1569.
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The soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi, including Armillaria, Fusarium, Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia, Rosellinia and Sclerotinia etc, are causing root rot diseases on many field and horticultural crops that often results in the death of plants and important yield losses. Several control methods have been implemented to control root rot diseases, such as use of resistant cultivars, crop rotation, solarisation, fungicides treatments and soil fumigation. Soil fumigation with fumigants such as methyl bromide and chloropicrin is the most effective method for controlling soil-borne fungi; however, the negative effects of these chemicals on both the environmental and public health have led to its banning in many countries. Therefore, there is a need to find alternative methods which provide adequate disease control and is comparable to commercial fungicides. Bio fumigation is considered as an alternative to chemical control and is highly effective in the controlling of diseases caused by nematodes, weeds and fungi, and is considered as a part of integrated pest management. Cover crops, organic fertilizers and biosolids are considered as biofumigants in controlling of soil-borne fungi. In this study, bio fumigation applications in controlling of soil-borne fungi and their mode of action on the fungi are evaluated.
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Asif, Mamoona, Muhammad Saleem Haider, and Adnan Akhter. "Impact of Biochar on Fusarium Wilt of Cotton and the Dynamics of Soil Microbial Community." Sustainability 15, no. 17 (August 28, 2023): 12936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151712936.
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The effects of biochar on leaf and soil-borne diseases of plants can be seen in addition to its ability to sequester carbon, improve soil quality, and enhance plant performance. However, the mechanisms by which soil-borne pathogens are suppressed and plant performance is enhanced are not well understood. The present work aims to comprehensively establish the links between biochar-induced changes in the richness of the rhizosphere microbial population, in association with the reduction of soil-borne Fusarium wilt disease (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum), in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), with improved plant performance. Biochar made from organic waste significantly decreased the colonization and survival of Fusarium in soil, raised the culture-able counts of numerous microbes with biocontrol potential (microorganisms that boost plant growth and development), and inhibited Fusarium wilt of cotton. The biochar amendment significantly enhanced the cotton plant development and physiological parameters such as chlorophyll content, etc. Overall, 9% organic waste biochar had shown a significant impact on cotton growth as compared to other treatments with or without biochar. Compared to the soil-only control, the disease index was considerably reduced in all biochar-amended treatments. In terms of the plant’s resistance to Fusarium wilt, biochar-induced increases in the level of overall chlorophyll content and biochemicals such as phenolics, flavonoids, etc. Additionally, cotton plants grown with a 9% biochar composition had considerably greater NPK levels than other treatments with or without biochar. The biochar addition resulted in increased counts of Pseudomonas spp., Actinomycetes spp., and Trichoderma spp., while Acidobacteriales, Rhodospirillales, and Frankiales were less when compared with an un-amended (without biochar) soil control. Thus, the composition of rhizosphere bacteria in the treatments with and without modified biochar was found to differ significantly.
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de los Santos, Berta, Juan Jesús Medina, Luis Miranda, José Antonio Gómez, and Miguel Talavera. "Soil Disinfestation Efficacy against Soil Fungal Pathogens in Strawberry Crops in Spain: An Overview." Agronomy 11, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030526.
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(1) Background: Strawberry cultivation is highly dependent on soil disinfestation for proper development. Since the definitive methyl bromide phase-out, other chemicals have been used as alternatives. This research provides an overview on the efficacies of soil disinfestation methods on controlling soil fungal diseases of strawberry. (2) Methods: The efficacy of several soil disinfestation methods on soil fungal pathogens (SFP: Fusarium spp. and Macrophominaphaseolina) was analyzed in experimental field trials during eleven growing seasons. (3) Results: Average efficiencies in reducing soil pathogen inocula for soil disinfestation techniques are given. Soil disinfestations with chloropicrin, allyl isothiocyanate, dazomet, 1,3-dichloropropene:chloropicrin, methyl iodide:chloropicrin, and dimethyl disulfide reduced Fusarium spp. and M. phaseolina soil inocula by more than 90%. Combination of solarization with organic manures (biosolarization) reduced Fusarium spp. soil populations by 80% and M. phaseolina by 79%. Reductions in plant mortality and increases in fruit yields over the untreated controls did not differ between chemically fumigated and biosolarized plots. (4) Conclusions: Soil fungal pathogens are effectively controlled by chemical fumigation of soils in intensive strawberry crops in Spain. In the case of mixed infestations of SFP with nematodes, the most efficient treatment in suppressing soil-borne diseases was soil fumigation with 1,3-dichloropropene:chloropicrin, but other alternative chemicals, such as allyl isothiocyanate, dazomet, and dimethyl disulfide, provided high efficacies in reducing the SFP inocula. Soil biosolarization is proposed as an effective alternative to chemical soil fumigation for strawberry cultivation in Southern Spain when SFP inocula is not remarkably high.
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Sami, Sadia, Summiya Sami, Syeda Q. Batool, and Shazia Iftikhar. "ASSESSMENT OF SOIL AND SEED BORNE FOLIAR BLIGHT DISEASES OF WHEAT OF POTHOHAR REGION." Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology 29, no. 1 (July 12, 2017): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.33866/phytopathol.029.01.0301.
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The study focuses on soil and seed borne foliar blight diseases. The study area covered pothohar rain fed region of Punjab containing four districts Jhelum, Rawalpindi, Attock and Chakwal. Epidemiological surveys were conducted to check prevalence and incidence of foliar diseases. Samples were collected from 70 locations. Fungi isolated from soil samples belonged to the genera Fusarium, Aspergillus, Mucor, Penicillium, Curvularia and Rhizopus. Yield attributes were also calculated for yield production under different stresses. The results indicated that overall trend of foliar blight diseases was such that diseases took higher toll in Attock>Chakwal>Jhelum>Rawalpindi. Tan spot mean incidence was 7.15 in Chakwal and 2 in Attock, it was absent in Jhelum and Rawalpindi. Net blotch mean incidence was recorded highest among all diseases with values 1.47, 24.33, 13.66 and 14.55 in Chakwal, Jhelum, Rawalpindi and Attock respectively. Scald mean incidence was 2.5 in Attock only. Disease incidence of Septoria and HLB ranged from 0.8 – 2.10 in four districts. Alternariaand Fusarium were recorded highest in Jhelum and Chakwal respectively. Consequently the measured wheat yield and grains quality was affected in presence of foliar blight diseases. It needs improved agricultural practices and better management to combat diseases for higher yields.
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Jin, Xue, Jian Wang, Dalong Li, Fengzhi Wu, and Xingang Zhou. "Rotations with Indian Mustard and Wild Rocket Suppressed Cucumber Fusarium Wilt Disease and Changed Rhizosphere Bacterial Communities." Microorganisms 7, no. 2 (February 21, 2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7020057.
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Crop monocropping usually results in an enrichment of soil-borne pathogens in soil. Crop rotation is an environmentally friendly method for controlling soil-borne diseases. Plant rhizosphere microorganisms, especially plant-beneficial microorganisms, play a major role in protecting plants from pathogens, but responses of these microorganisms to crop rotation remain unclear. Here, we evaluated the effects of rotations with Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.) on cucumber Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum Owen (FOC). Cucumber rhizosphere bacterial community composition was analyzed by high-throughput amplicon sequencing. Bacteria, Pseudomonas spp., 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (an antifungal secondary metabolite) producer and FOC abundances were estimated by real-time PCR. Rotations with Indian mustard and wild rocket suppressed cucumber Fusarium wilt disease and cucumber rhizosphere FOC abundance. Crop rotations increased cucumber rhizosphere bacteria, Pseudomonas spp. and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol producer abundances. Moreover, crop rotations changed cucumber rhizosphere bacterial community composition and increased bacterial community diversity. However, crop rotations decreased soil inorganic nitrogen content and inhibited cucumber seedling growth. Overall, rotations with Indian mustard and wild rocket suppressed cucumber Fusarium wilt disease, which might be linked to the increased rhizosphere bacterial diversity and abundances of potential plant-beneficial microorganisms (such as Pseudomonas spp. and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol producer).
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Sharma, Nivedita, and Bhandari B.S. "Evaluation of Trichoderma harzianum as a potential bio-control option for fungal root disease of Seabuckthorn." Annals of Plant Sciences 7, no. 7 (June 30, 2018): 2373. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/aps.2018.7.7.1.
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Biocontrol involves harnessing disease suppressive micro-organisms to improve plant health. Owing to the shortage of available fungicides for economic management of soil borne diseases, alternative techniques such as biological control are increasingly being sought for disease management. The present work was carried out to study the potential of Trichoderma harzianum isolate screened from the rhizospheric soil of seabuckthorn growing areas in Uttarakhand. Antagonistic activity of isolate was observed against Fusarium oxysporum causing damping off disease in seabuckthorn. Under in vitro conditions Trichoderma harzianum significantly reduced the growth of pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum.
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Pérez-Brandán, C., J. Huidobro, B. Grümberg, M. M. Scandiani, A. G. Luque, J. M. Meriles, and S. Vargas-Gil. "Soybean fungal soil-borne diseases: a parameter for measuring the effect of agricultural intensification on soil health." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 60, no. 2 (February 2014): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2013-0792.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of agricultural intensification on soil microbial diversity, chemical and physical parameters, and the decrease of the incidence of sudden death syndrome (Fusarium crassistipitatum) and charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) in soybean. Soils under different management systems were evaluated during 2 crop cycles: soybean monoculture for 24 and 11 years, soybean–maize rotation for 15 and 4 years, 1 year of soybean, and native vegetation. The incidence of both soil-borne diseases was higher under monoculture than under rotation. Increased populations of potential biocontrol agents (Trichoderma spp., Gliocladium spp., fluorescent pseudomonads) were associated with rotation treatments, especially in 2010–2011. The comparison of agricultural vs. native vegetation soil and the average of agricultural cycles showed that microbial biomass carbon and glomalin-related soil protein were higher in the rotation system than in monoculture (50% and 77%, respectively). Furthermore, from the community-level functional diversity (Biolog Eco plates), McIntosh index showed lower functional diversity in monoculture than in rotation and native vegetation plots. Agricultural intensification reduced microbial biomass carbon, glomalin-related soil protein, organic matter, total nitrogen, aggregate stability, and yield, and increased bulk density. Soil quality degradation was associated with the establishment of soil-borne pathogens and increased soybean plant susceptibility to disease.
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Madriz-Ordeñana, Kenneth, Hans Jørgen Lyngs Jørgensen, Andreea Balan, Daniel Madriz Sørensen, Kai Lønne Nielsen, and Hans Thordal-Christensen. "Prevalence of Soil-borne Diseases in Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Reveals a Complex of Pathogenic and Opportunistic Fungi." Plant Disease 103, no. 10 (October 2019): 2634–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-18-2252-re.
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Greenhouse cultivation of ornamentals is subjected to a high incidence of soil-borne fungal pathogens. In Kalanchoe, these pathogens are responsible for root and stem rot, and for infection of the vascular tissue. Well-known soil-borne pathogens are believed to cause these diseases. Yet, a systematized survey of these pathogens is lacking for Kalanchoe produced commercially. Here, we studied the occurrence of soil-borne fungal pathogens associated with cultivation of Kalanchoe in Denmark and production of cuttings and stock plants in greenhouse facilities located in Turkey and Vietnam. Molecular identification of pathogens complemented mycological identification and pathogenicity testing of the soil-borne fungal pathogens. This study revealed that the fungi Corynespora cassiicola, Thielaviopsis basicola, Fusarium solani, and F. oxysporum are the most prevalent pathogens associated with root and stem rotting and wilt of Kalanchoe under the conditions studied. Furthermore, the study showed that some of the pathogens are part of an infection complex comprising both primary and opportunistic fungal species. The fact that some of the pathogens were present in some regions, while absent in others, suggests how they move between greenhouse facilities on infected plant material. This study generated important information about the soil-borne fungal complex affecting Kalanchoe, which is useful for a better understanding of the biology of the disease and for designing control strategies.
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Shirin, A., Md Hossain, MH Ar Rashid, and MB Meah. "Assessment of postharvest soil fungal population with special reference to Trichoderma in eggplants." Progressive Agriculture 32, no. 1 (September 20, 2021): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v32i1.55713.
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The research work was done to assess the postharvest soil fungal population and to find out the relation between population dynamics of Trichoderma and soil borne disease of 41 eggplant cultivars. Soil samples collected from IPM lab germplasm maintenance field at post-harvest stage were analyzed for microbes in dilution plate technique. Fungal colonies appeared in each plate were counted and made their average. Incidence and severity of Fusarium wilt and Sclerotium collar rot in the plot of 41 eggplant varieties were recorded at flowering-fruiting stage. The highest total soil fungal population was estimated from the plot soil of eggplant var. Singnath S (IPM- 42) that was 40.75×104. The var. Bijoy had the lowest fungal population that was 7.5×104. A comparison between Trichoderma population and other fungal population was made. Different eggplant cultivars had variation in the population of two important soil fungi- Trichoderma and Fusarium. The total populations of Trichoderma and Fusarium in the plot soil of 41 eggplant varieties were 129.75 and 348.75 × 104 per gram of soil, respectively. The average number of colonies of Trichoderma varied with the range (1-8.25) per plate. Fusarium varied with the range from (2-22.50). In 20 important eggplant varieties out of 41, both Fusarium wilt and Sclerotium collar rot incidence ranged between 0.00 to 40.00%. The variety Puta begun had the highest incidence of Fusarium wilt with the highest soil population of Fusarium oxysporum against the absence of Trichoderma harzianum. The disease incidence at flowering-fruiting stage was negatively correlated with the population of Trichoderma. Disease severity decreased with the increase in Trichoderma population. Increase of Trichoderma population, decreased the population of other fungi (Fusarium oxysporum and Sclerotium rolfsii). These results are clearly indicating that Trichoderma might have the antagonistic potential and might contribute to the reduction of incidence of soil-borne diseases.
Progressive Agriculture 32 (1): 31-42, 2021
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Chohan, Sobia, Rashida Perveen, Muhammad Abid, Atif H. Naqvi, and Safina Naz. "MANAGEMENT OF SEED BORNE FUNGAL DISEASES OF TOMATO: A REVIEW." Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology 29, no. 1 (July 12, 2017): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.33866/phytopathol.029.01.0274.
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Plant diseases caused by different kinds of microorganisms either carried through air, water or present in soil, seeds or propagative planting materials have adverse impact on agriculture production and economy worldwide. Apart from other crops vegetables are also subjected to several seed borne fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens, which cause substantial yield loss upto 10 percent in Pakistan. This article gives vast information regarding significance and prevalence of various kinds of seed borne mycoflora (Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Botrytis cineria, A. alternata, Chaetomium globosum, Curvularia lunata, Aspergillus niger, Drechslera specifer and Rhizoctonia solani) particularly associated with seeds of tomato. These mycoflora are causative agents of devastating tomato diseases like early blight, fusarium wilt and foot rots, grey mold, root and fruit rots. A range of conventional and modern techniques employed for seed borne fungal detection and different control strategies including chemical and biological methods opted by researchers have been reviewed in present paper. A variety of factors like availability of susceptible plants, favorable environmental conditions and overhead irrigation are serious constraints for plant disease development. Under these conditions, monitoring of plant health and detection of diseases particularly using seed detection assays to screen infested seed lots before planting provide effective disease management strategy.
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Janaki, T. "BIOCONTROL OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM IN UNSTERILIZED SOIL BY NOVEL STREPTOMYCES CACAOI SUBSP CACAOI [M20]." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 3 (February 3, 2017): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i3.16579.
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Objective: To find bio fungicide from mangrove actinomycetes for controlling seed and soil borne pathogen-Fusarium oxysporum. Methods: A total of 25 actinomycetes were isolated by pour plate method. These were screened for fungicidal activity by agar plug method. The isolate M20 was characterised further for identification. The phytotoxicity study was done; biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporum with 10% culture filtrate was done using food poisoning technique. Volatile toxicity of isolate M20 was studied by inverted plate technique. The methanolic crude extract was subjected for UV–Vis spectral analysis for identifying the group of compound present.Results: The isolated M20 found to be better in antifungal activity. 10% culture filtrate actively inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporum (77.7%), 10% culture filtrate was taken as a standard concentration for biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporum using green gram as the test plants. The 15th-day green gram plants under treatment with the antagonist (A), antagonist+pathogen (A+P), antagonist+pathogen+rhizobium (A+P+R) yielded high biomass and better growth. The disease development by the pathogen in green gram was controlled by the antagonist. The compounds (pyrimidine nucleosides-neutral and acidic polyoxins (230 nm), (270-290 nm) and heptaene antifungal antibiotics (406-417 nm)) are preliminarily confirmed from the methanolic crude extract of the isolate M20-Streptomyces cacaoi subsp cacaoi.Conclusion: Since the isolate M20 controlled the growth and disease causing potentiality of Fusarium oxysporum, it can be effectively used to control seed and soil borne diseases that are caused by Fusarium oxysporum.
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Al-Ani, R. A., M. A. Adhab, M. H. Mahdi, and H. M. Abood. "Rhizobium japonicum as a biocontrol agent of soybean root rot disease caused by Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina." Plant Protection Science 48, No. 4 (November 6, 2012): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/16/2012-pps.
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The activity of Rhizobium japonicum against the soil-borne pathogens Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina as causative agents of soybean root rot disease in both culture medium and soil was evaluated. Rhizobial culture filtrate caused an inhibition of the fungal radial growth of Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina on potato dextrose agar medium amended with the filtrate compared with control. The addition of rhizobial culture suspension to the soil contaminated by the two pathogens, Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina and their interaction, in pots, improved seed germination percentages and reduced the root rot disease index significantly. The sowing of rhizobial coated seeds in soil contaminated by Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina separately and in combination, in the field, increased seed germination significantly and induced a high reduction in disease severity for the same previous combination under field conditions. These results indicate that rhizobia could be an important element in root rot disease management.
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Shi, Zhaoai, Jiahong Zhu, Jiajia Wu, Aocheng Cao, Wensheng Fang, Dongdong Yan, Qiuxia Wang, and Yuan Li. "Effects of Chloropicrin, Dimethyl Disulfide and Metham Sodium Applied Simultaneously on Soil-Born Bacteria and Fungi." Agriculture 12, no. 12 (November 23, 2022): 1982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12121982.
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The area used to grow high-value crops is currently decreasing because production in the same soil for many years increases soil-borne diseases that reduce crop yield and quality as well as farmer income. Soil-borne disease is effectively controlled by soil fumigation prior to planting. In this study, the five different types of soils that had been used to grow tomatoes, watermelon, cucumber, ginseng and ginger were collected from field plots with high incidence of soil-borne diseases. This experiment adopts the indoor fumigation method to conduct triple fumigation of chloropicrin(PIC), metham sodium(MS) and dimethyl disulfide(DMDS) on different soil collected to examine changes in the soil microbial community, including pathogenic fungi and bacteria and beneficial microorganisms in order to clarify the impact on the overall structure of soil microbial community while controlling complex and multiple pathogens. High-throughput gene sequencing was used to detect bacterial and fungal taxonomic changes in the treated soils. Triple fumigation significantly reduced the abundance of at least five kinds of pathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum, Mortierella, Neocosmospora, Nitrospira Alternaria and significantly increased the abundance of two kinds of beneficial species, Bacillus and Trichoderma. The research result observed increases and decreases in the biodiversity and richness of beneficial and pathogenic bacteria and fungi in response to triple fumigation of soil that had been used to grow tomatoes, watermelon, cucumber, ginseng and ginger. The most significant effect was observed in the experimental field of Panax notoginseng in Wenshan, Yunnan. Triple fumigation showed good potential to decrease pathogenic bacteria and fungi in soils and improve the disease resistance of soils, and that it has a good application prospect in the field of soil disinfestation.
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Lombard, L., R. van Doorn, J. Z. Groenewald, T. Tessema, E. E. Kuramae, D. W. Etolo, J. M. Raaijmakers, and P. W. Crous. "Fusarium diversity associated with the Sorghum-Striga interaction in Ethiopia." Fungal Systematics and Evolution 10, no. 1 (December 15, 2022): 177–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2022.10.08.
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Sorghum production is seriously threatened by the root parasitic weeds (RPWs) Striga hermonthica and Striga asiatica in sub-Saharan Africa. Research has shown that Striga control depends on eliminating its seed reserves in soil. Several species of the genus Fusarium (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales) , which have been isolated from diseased Striga plants have proven to be highly pathogenic to all developmental stages of these RPWs. In the present study 439 isolates of Fusarium spp. were found associated with soils from Sorghum growing fields, Sorghum rhizosphere, or as endophytes with Sorghum roots and seeds, or as endophytes of Striga stems and seeds. Based on multi-locus phylogenies of combinations of CaM, tef1, rpb1 and rpb2 alignments, and morphological characteristics, 42 species were identified, including three species that are newly described, namely F. extenuatum and F. tangerinum from Sorghum soils, and F. pentaseptatum from seed of Striga hermonthica. Using a previously published AFLP-derived marker that is specific to detect isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. strigae, an effective soil-borne biocontrol agent against Striga, we also detected the gene in several other Fusarium species. As these isolates were all associated with the Striga/Sorghum pathosystem, the possibility of horizontal gene transfer among these fusaria will be of interest to further investigate in future.
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Nawaz, Hira. "Incidence of fusarium wilt in major tomato growing areas of Punjab." Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 58, no. 04 (September 1, 2021): 1205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/21.937.
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Tomato crop is affected with several diseases that lead to decreased yield every year. Among those diseases, tomato wilt is the most significant disease caused by soil borne pathogens i.e. Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, and Verticillium spp. In the present study, survey was conducted in tomato growing areas of Punjab. Pathogens associated with plants were Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria solani, parasitic nematodes, Pythium, Verticillium dahliae and mosaic virus. The survey was conducted at three different stages of plant development and disease incidence and severity were correlated with environmental factors. This survey was conducted for consecutive two years (2017-18:2018-19). It was shown that fusarium wilt can infect all growing stages (nursery, flowering and fruiting) of tomato plant. Moreover, high temperature and high humidity favored disease prevalence. Huge damage was witnessed due to high temperature and relative humidity up to a certain limit. Furthermore, it was also observed that alternaria blight, verticillium wilt, nematodes and mosaic virus also attacked at different growth stages to different extents along with fusarium wilt. Plants were more vulnerable at fruiting stage to all diseases. The present study will be helpful for devising a proper management strategy for fusarium wilt disease in tomato crop.
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Dong, Honghong, Ruixiang Gao, Yijie Dong, Qing Yao, and Honghui Zhu. "Bacillus velezensis RC116 Inhibits the Pathogens of Bacterial Wilt and Fusarium Wilt in Tomato with Multiple Biocontrol Traits." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 10 (May 10, 2023): 8527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108527.
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Soil-borne plant diseases seriously threaten the tomato industry worldwide. Currently, eco-friendly biocontrol strategies have been increasingly considered as effective approaches to control the incidence of disease. In this study, we identified bacteria that could be used as biocontrol agents to mitigate the growth and spread of the pathogens causing economically significant diseases of tomato plants, such as tomato bacterial wilt and tomato Fusarium wilt. Specifically, we isolated a strain of Bacillus velezensis (RC116) from tomato rhizosphere soil in Guangdong Province, China, with high biocontrol potential and confirmed its identity using both morphological and molecular approaches. RC116 not only produced protease, amylase, lipase, and siderophores but also secreted indoleacetic acid, and dissolved organophosphorus in vivo. Moreover, 12 Bacillus biocontrol maker genes associated with antibiotics biosynthesis could be amplified in the RC116 genome. Extracellular secreted proteins of RC116 also exhibited strong lytic activity against Ralstonia solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici. Pot experiments showed that the biocontrol efficacy of RC116 against tomato bacteria wilt was 81%, and consequently, RC116 significantly promoted the growth of tomato plantlets. Based on these multiple biocontrol traits, RC116 is expected to be developed into a broad-spectrum biocontrol agent. Although several previous studies have examined the utility of B. velezensis for the control of fungal diseases, few studies to date have evaluated the utility of B. velezensis for the control of bacterial diseases. Our study fills this research gap. Collectively, our findings provide new insights that will aid the control of soil-borne diseases, as well as future studies of B. velezensis strains.
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Jacobsen, Barry. "Root rot diseases of sugar beet." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 110 (2006): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn0610009j.
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Root rot diseases of sugar beet caused by Rhizoctonia solani (AG 2-2 IIIB and AG 2-2 IV), R. crocorum, Aphanomyces cochlioides, Phoma betae, Macrophomina phaeseolina, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-betae, Pythium aphanidermatum Phytophthora drechsleri, Rhizopus stolonifer, R. arrhizus and Sclerotium rolfsii cause significant losses wherever sugar beets are grown. However, not all these soil-borne pathogens have been reported in all sugar beet production areas. Losses include reduced harvestable tonnage and reduced white sugar recovery. Many of these pathogens also cause post harvest losses in storage piles. Control for diseases caused by these pathogens include disease resistant cultivars, avoidance of stresses, cultural practices such as water management and the use of fungicides.
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Campos, Maria, Mariana Patanita, Catarina Campos, Patrick Materatski, Carla Varanda, Isabel Brito, and Maria Félix. "Detection and Quantification of Fusarium spp. (F. oxysporum, F. verticillioides, F. graminearum) and Magnaporthiopsis maydis in Maize Using Real-Time PCR Targeting the ITS Region." Agronomy 9, no. 2 (January 22, 2019): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9020045.
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Fusarium spp. and Magnaporthiopsis maydis are soil-inhabiting fungi and respectively the causal agents of fusarium ear rot and late wilt, two important diseases that can affect maize, one of the most important cereal crops worldwide. Here, we present two sensitive real-time PCR TaqMan MGB (Minor Groove Binder) assays that detect and discriminate several Fusarium spp. (F. oxysporum, F. verticillioides, and F. graminearum) from M. maydis. The method is based on selective real-time qPCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and allows the quantification of the fungi. The applicability of this newly developed TaqMan methodology was demonstrated in a field experiment through the screening of potentially infected maize roots, revealing a high specificity and proving to be a suitable tool to ascertain Fusarium spp. and M. maydis infection in maize. Its high sensitivity makes it very efficient for the early diagnosis of the diseases and also for certification purposes. Thus, qPCR through the use of TaqMan probes is here proposed as a promising tool for specific identification and quantification of these soil-borne fungal pathogens known to cause disease on a large number of crops.
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Seo, Yunhee, and Young Ho Kim. "Pathological Interrelations of Soil-Borne Diseases in Cucurbits Caused by Fusarium Species and Meloidogyne incognita." Plant Pathology Journal 33, no. 4 (August 1, 2017): 410–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/ppj.oa.04.2017.0088.
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Pentury, Cahterine, Antonius Suparno, and Eko Martanto. "Tanggap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tomat yang Diinokulasi FMA dalam Pengendalian Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici)." Cassowary 1, no. 2 (July 6, 2018): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30862/casssowary.cs.v1.i2.17.
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The Wilt in tomato plants is caused by Fusarium oxysporum sp. Lycopersici. Fusarium oxysporum is soil borne which causes considerable losses. FMA as a biological agent provides an alternative opportunity to control root diseases such as fusarium. The purpose of this study was to study the treatment of FMA inoculation which is appropriate while controlling the damage of tomato plants caused by fusarium. The research design used was the experimental method in Completely Randomized Design. The results showed that the treatment of mycorrhizae inoculated one week before planting and continued with fusarium inoculation at the time of planting showed good results in inducing the resistance of tomato plants to fusarium disease. This is evidenced by root colonization in tomato plants by 53% and the average intensity of attacks by 3.14%. The mycorrhizal treatment inoculated one week before planting and followed by fusarium inoculation at planting also showed good results in increasing the growth of tomato plants compared to other treatments applied by mycorrhiza.
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Olszak-Przybyś, Hanna, Grażyna Korbecka-Glinka, Anna Czubacka, and Elżbieta Patkowska. "Identification of fungi inhabiting underground plant parts of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] in two developmental stages." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus 20, no. 5 (October 29, 2021): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/10.24326/asphc.2021.5.13.
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Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] plants are potential hosts for different pathogens. Soil-borne diseases, caused by pathogenic fungi, are considered to be the main reason for the loss of soybean yields worldwide. The aim of the research was to isolate fungi inhabiting underground parts of soybean in order to identify potential pathogens present in south-east Poland. Research material comprised of seven soybean cultivars grown in field in 2017-2019. Samples collected in three subsequent vegetative seasons constituted soybean plants with disease symptoms on cotyledons, stems and roots. Fragments of the infected plant tissues were subjected to mycological analysis. A total of 1692 pure fungal isolates were obtained from the sampled plants and almost 80% of these isolates were assigned to Fusarium genus. Among Fusarium spp. isolates, the most frequently detected species was F. oxysporum (71.3%). Other detected Fusarium species included: F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. poae, F. solani (syn. Neocosmospora solani), F. sporotrichioides and F. fujikuroi. Other fungi accounted for approx. 19% of the obtained isolates and their main representatives were: Alternaria alternata, Trichoderma sp., Rhizoctonia solani, Mucor sp., Cladosporium sp. and Rhizopus sp. Comparison of these results with published data from other regions of Poland shows differences in prevalence of different species of soil-borne fungi.
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Olszak-Przybyś, Hanna, Grażyna Korbecka-Glinka, Anna Czubacka, and Elżbieta Patkowska. "Identification of fungi inhabiting underground plant parts of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] in two developmental stages." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus 20, no. 5 (October 29, 2021): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2021.5.13.
Full textAbstract:
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] plants are potential hosts for different pathogens. Soil-borne diseases, caused by pathogenic fungi, are considered to be the main reason for the loss of soybean yields worldwide. The aim of the research was to isolate fungi inhabiting underground parts of soybean in order to identify potential pathogens present in south-east Poland. Research material comprised of seven soybean cultivars grown in field in 2017-2019. Samples collected in three subsequent vegetative seasons constituted soybean plants with disease symptoms on cotyledons, stems and roots. Fragments of the infected plant tissues were subjected to mycological analysis. A total of 1692 pure fungal isolates were obtained from the sampled plants and almost 80% of these isolates were assigned to Fusarium genus. Among Fusarium spp. isolates, the most frequently detected species was F. oxysporum (71.3%). Other detected Fusarium species included: F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. poae, F. solani (syn. Neocosmospora solani), F. sporotrichioides and F. fujikuroi. Other fungi accounted for approx. 19% of the obtained isolates and their main representatives were: Alternaria alternata, Trichoderma sp., Rhizoctonia solani, Mucor sp., Cladosporium sp. and Rhizopus sp. Comparison of these results with published data from other regions of Poland shows differences in prevalence of different species of soil-borne fungi.
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Ayala-Doñas, Alejandro, Miguel de Cara-García, Miguel Talavera-Rubia, and Soledad Verdejo-Lucas. "Management of Soil-Borne Fungi and Root-Knot Nematodes in Cucurbits through Breeding for Resistance and Grafting." Agronomy 10, no. 11 (October 24, 2020): 1641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111641.
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Soil-borne pathogenic fungi (SBPF) and root-knot nematodes (RKN) co-exist in the rhizosphere and are major pathogens causing root diseases in cucurbits. Current knowledge on soil-borne pathogens of cucurbit crops grown under protected cultivation, their host-pathogen interactions, and mechanisms of resistance has been reviewed. Plant resistance is an effective and sustainable method to control soil-borne diseases and the available resistant cultivars and rootstocks to key soil-borne pathogens are reported. The importance of proper pathogen diagnosis in the right choice of cultivar or rootstock is highlighted because of the specificity in the response of the cucurbit crops to fungal and nematode species and races. Plants protect themselves through common mechanisms of resistance against SBPF and RKN including hardening of their cell walls, pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, and production of antimicrobial molecules. The activity of some enzymes, such as peroxidases and phenylalanine lyase, is increased after pathogen infection and is higher on SBPF and RKN resistant than susceptible cucurbits. Plant hormones such as salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene are involved in the response of cucurbits to SBPF. Most mechanisms of resistance to RKN affect post-infection development of the nematode, which results in a delay or disruption of the life cycle. Traditional and biotechnological tools used for breeding for resistance in cucurbits are described. Grafting is an effective non-host resistance method to control primarily Fusarium wilt but not to control RKN. However, new rootstocks with resistance to both pathogens have been developed recently and their effects on fruit quality and yield stability need additional studies. The impact of grafting on yield in pathogen-infested soils is discussed.
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Carlucci, Antonia, Maria Luisa Raimondo, Donato Colucci, and Francesco Lops. "Streptomyces albidoflavus Strain CARA17 as a Biocontrol Agent against Fungal Soil-Borne Pathogens of Fennel Plants." Plants 11, no. 11 (May 26, 2022): 1420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11111420.
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Fennel crop is a horticultural plant susceptible to several soil-borne fungal pathogens responsible for yield losses. The control of fungal diseases occurring on fennel crops is very difficult with conventional and/or integrated means; although several chemical fungicides are able to contain specific fungal diseases, they are not registered for fennel crops. The intensive use of some fungicides causes public concern over the environment and human health. The main aims of this study were to assess the ability of a strain of Streptomyces albidoflavus CARA17 to inhibit the growth of fungal soil-borne pathogens, and to protect fennel plants against severe fungal soil-borne pathogens such as Athelia rolfsii, Fusarium oxysporum, Plectosphaerella ramiseptata, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Verticillium dahliae. This study confirmed that the CARA17 strain has been able to inhibit the mycelium growth of pathogens in vitro conditions with significant inhibition degrees, where S. sclerotiorum resulted in being the most controlled. The strain CARA17 was also able to significantly protect the fennel seedlings against fungal soil-borne pathogens used in vivo conditions, where the treatment with an antagonist strain by dipping resulted in being more effective at limiting the disease severity of each fungal soil-borne pathogen. Moreover, any treatment with the CARA17 strain, carried out by dipping or after transplanting, produced benefits for the biomass of fennel seedlings, showing significant effects as a promoter of plant growth. Finally, the results obtained showed that CARA17 is a valid strain as a biocontrol agent (BCA) against relevant fungal soil-borne pathogens, although further studies are recommended to confirm these preliminary results. Finally, this study allowed for first time worldwide the association of Plectosphaerella ramiseptata with fennel plants as a severe pathogen.
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Wang, Beibei, Mingze Sun, Jinming Yang, Zongzhuan Shen, Yannan Ou, Lin Fu, Yan Zhao, Rong Li, Yunze Ruan, and Qirong Shen. "Inducing banana Fusarium wilt disease suppression through soil microbiome reshaping by pineapple–banana rotation combined with biofertilizer application." SOIL 8, no. 1 (January 19, 2022): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-17-2022.
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Abstract. Crop rotation and biofertilizer application have historically been employed as efficient management strategies for soil-borne disease suppression through soil microbiome manipulation. However, how this occurs and to what extent the combination of methods affects the microbiota reconstruction of diseased soil is unknown. In this study, pineapple–banana rotation combined with biofertilizer application was used to suppress banana Fusarium wilt disease, and the effects on both bacterial and fungal communities were investigated using the MiSeq Illumina sequencing platform. Our results showed that pineapple–banana rotation significantly reduced Fusarium wilt disease incidence and the application of biofertilizer caused additional suppression. Bacterial and fungal communities thrived using rotation combined with biofertilizer application: taxonomic and phylogenetic α diversity of both bacteria and fungi increased along with disease suppression. Between the two strategies, biofertilizer application predominantly affected both bacterial and fungal community composition compared to rotation. Burkholderia genus may have been attributed to the general wilt suppression for its change in network structure and high relative importance in linear models. Our results indicated that pineapple–banana rotation combined with biofertilizer application has strong potential for the sustainable management of banana Fusarium wilt disease.
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González, Vicente, Eugenia Armijos, and Ana Garcés-Claver. "Fungal Endophytes as Biocontrol Agents against the Main Soil-Borne Diseases of Melon and Watermelon in Spain." Agronomy 10, no. 6 (June 9, 2020): 820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060820.
Full textAbstract:
Watermelon and melon crops are affected by some important soil-borne fungal diseases like carbonaceous rot (Macrophomina phaseolina), collapse (Monosporascus cannonballus), or the most important pathology at an economic level, the Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis, F. solani f. sp. cucurbitae, Neocosmospora falciformis, and N. keratoplastica). The methods commonly used for their control are often ineffective, thus new approaches, as the use of biological control agents, are constantly being sought. This work aimed to isolate, identify, and test endophytic fungi for their antagonistic properties against the three mentioned diseases. For this, about 350 endophytic fungal strains were isolated from asymptomatic watermelon plants. Among these, 7 fungal species were selected to evaluate their antagonistic potential against 14 pathogens. Dual culture assays allowed to select two Trichoderma strains according to the high inhibition rates observed (up to 93%), that were further employed in melon and watermelon plants, showing that some of the pathogens were controlled in terms of disease incidence, exhibiting a decrease up to 67% for T. lentiforme. In addition, three concentrations of Epicoccum purpurascens extract was selected to evaluate the germicide effect, obtaining significant differences in the growth of the pathogens depending on fermentation parameters.
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Hewavitharana, Shashika S., Emmi Klarer, Joji Muramoto, Carol Shennan, and Mark Mazzola. "Analysis of Environmental Variables and Carbon Input on Soil Microbiome, Metabolome and Disease Control Efficacy in Strawberry Attributable to Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation." Microorganisms 9, no. 8 (July 31, 2021): 1638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081638.
Full textAbstract:
Charcoal rot and Fusarium wilt, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, respectively, are major soil-borne diseases of strawberry that have caused significant crop losses in California. Anaerobic soil disinfestation has been studied as an industry-level option to replace soil fumigants to manage these serious diseases. Studies were conducted to discern whether Gramineae carbon input type, incubation temperature, or incubation duration influences the efficacy of this disease control tactic. In experiments conducted using ‘low rate’ amendment applications at moderate day/night temperatures (24/18 °C), and carbon inputs (orchard grass, wheat, and rice bran) induced an initial proliferation and subsequent decline in soil density of the Fusarium wilt pathogen. This trend coincided with the onset of anaerobic conditions and a corresponding generation of various anti-fungal compounds, including volatile organic acids, hydrocarbons, and sulfur compounds. Generation of these metabolites was associated with increases in populations of Clostridium spp. Overall, carbon input and incubation temperature, but not incubation duration, significantly influenced disease suppression. All Gramineae carbon inputs altered the soil microbiome and metabolome in a similar fashion, though the timing and maximum yield of specific metabolites varied with input type. Fusarium wilt and charcoal rot suppression were superior when anaerobic soil disinfestation was conducted using standard amendment rates of 20 t ha−1 at elevated temperatures combined with a 3-week incubation period. Findings indicate that anaerobic soil disinfestation can be further optimized by modulating carbon source and incubation temperature, allowing the maximum generation of antifungal toxic volatile compounds. Outcomes also indicate that carbon input and environmental variables may influence treatment efficacy in a target pathogen-dependent manner which will require pathogen-specific optimization of treatment protocols.
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Qin, Lijin, Zengming Zhong, Dandan Wang, Haiqi Hu, Duo Li, Yinbiao Gao, and Shouzheng Wang. "Allelopathic Control Effect of Complex Formulation of Compound Microbial Community and Bio-Organic Fertilizer on Cucumber fusarium Wilt." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 4 (May 5, 2020): 646–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.4.8104.
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To study the influence of complex formulation of �WoFengKang� compound microbial community and bio-organic fertilizer on allelopathic effect of cucumber fusarium wilt and field growth traits, in this experiment, different indoor treatments were taken to cultivate cucumber fusarium wilt using soil leaching liquor and Cucumis sativus growth index, fusarium wilt disease index were determined, so that allelopathic control effect of different dosages of compound microbial community on cucumber fusarium wilt can be investigated. The results showed that: compared with conventional CK, cucumber fusarium wilt cultured in different soil leaching liquor had smaller diameter. Where, colony diameter in treatment 3 was the smallest, which was 36.72 mm. Compound microbial community had certain allelopathic effect on cucumber fusarium wilt, and inhibition effect was shown with allelopathic effect reaching 27.13~43.91%. The above differently-treated soil was loaded to seedling-raising pot for Cucumis sativus planting. Cucumber fusarium wilt (FOC) was inoculated in the rough leaf stage of Cucumis sativus, thus reducing the disease index of cucumber fusarium wilt with obvious control effect reaching 55.94~72.63%. Where, treatment 3 demonstrated the best effect and allelopathic control effect reached 72.63% after 15d inoculation. The complex formulation of the two promoted vegetative growth of Cucumis sativus, lowered node of the first female flower bud, increased the number of female flowers within 30 nodes, so that 3.25d early flowering and 4.75d delayed seedling raising were achieved. Therefore, application of microbial community amid and after Cucumis sativus field planting has certain allelopathic control effect on cucumber fusarium wilt, which can effectively reduce the incidence of cucumber fusarium wilt and provide a scientific basis for the allelopathic prevention and control of soil-borne diseases in Cucumis sativus.
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Shanthi, Avinash T., and Ravishankar R. Vittal. "Biocontrol Potentials of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria against Fusarium Wilt Disease of Cucurbit." International Journal of Phytopathology 2, no. 3 (December 30, 2013): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.002.03.0351.
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Fusarium spp., are the major soil-borne as well as seed borne pathogens causing wilt and rot diseases in more than 80 plant species including cucurbits. Fusarium spp., causes up to 100 % yield loss in the worldwide. Eleven isolates including three standard isolates were tested both in-vitro and in-vivo. In-vitro assay was done by dual culture method. Maximum inhibition was in case of Fusarium solani by Bacillus cereus MIC5. Sarratia spp. MIC1 antagonized the F. verticillodes and F. solani2. P. aeruginosa MIC2 inhibits all tested isolates F. oxysporum1. P. aeruginosa MTCC2581 suppressed the radial growth rate of F. oxysporum2. The two systemic fungicides used were chlorothalonil + mefenoxam (1000 ppm) and carbendazim (75 ppm to 500 ppm) which checked the growth of F. oxysporum. Carbendazim was more effective compared to mefenoxam + chlorothalonil at all tested concentrations. The crude extract of P. aeruginosa MIC2 developed in chloroform: methanol (9:1) showed a metabolite at Rf - 0.77 which it may be 2,4- diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG), a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent. Increased cucurbit seeds germination and seedling vigour was observed in B. amyloliquefaciens MIC6 (68% 1576) and P. aeruginosa MTCC2581 (70% 1929) in primed seeds. Further P. aeruginosa MTCC2581 can be tested in the field against the Fusarium wilt.
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El-kazzaz, Mohamed Kamal, Kamal Elsayed Ghoneim, Mohamed Khaled Mohamed Agha, Asmaa Helmy, Said I. Behiry, Ahmed Abdelkhalek, Muhammad Hamzah Saleem, Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar, Amr A. Arishi, and Mohsen Mohamed Elsharkawy. "Suppression of Pepper Root Rot and Wilt Diseases Caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum." Life 12, no. 4 (April 14, 2022): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12040587.
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Pepper is vulnerable to soil-borne fungal pathogens such as Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum. The potential of beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms to control R. solani and F. oxysporum f.sp. capsici was evaluated in pepper plants. Paenibacillus polymyxa and Trichoderma longibrachiatum were isolated from rhizospheric soil samples of healthy pepper plants. In vitro, both isolates caused clear reductions in the radial growth of root rot and wilt pathogens. Scanning electron microscopy displayed lysis and abnormal shape of the pathogens in dual cultures with P. polymyxa and T. longibrachiatum. The incidence and severity of root rot and wilt diseases were significantly reduced in pepper plants treated with the growth-promoting fungi (PGPF isolates; Fusarium equiseti GF19-1, Fusarium equiseti GF18-3, and Phoma sp. GS8-3), P. polymyxa, or T. longibrachiatum in comparison to the control. Moreover, the induction treatments led to increased pepper growth compared with their control. The defense related gene (CaPR4) expression was shown to be significantly higher in the treated plants than in the control plants. In conclusion, the antagonistic isolates (P. polymyxa and T. longibrachiatum) and PGPF isolates have a clear impact on the prevention of root rot and wilt diseases in pepper plants incited by R. solani and F. oxysporum f.sp. capsici. The expression of the CaPR4 gene added to the evidence that PGPF isolates generate systemic resistance to pathogen infections.
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Hu, Jing, Li Wan, Waqas Qasim, Haofeng Lv, Yiming Zhao, Guoyuan Li, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, and Shan Lin. "Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation Promotes Soil Microbial Stability and Antagonistic Bacteria Abundance in Greenhouse Vegetable Production Systems." Agronomy 13, no. 3 (March 22, 2023): 939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030939.
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Excessive water and fertiliser inputs, as well as long-term monocropping, not only cause resource waste and environmental pollution but also drive soil degradation and the occurrence of soil-borne diseases. Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) is a widely used technique in greenhouse vegetable production to replace the use of agrochemicals in disinfestation and improve product quality. While the short-term effects of ASD on the soil microbial community have been well documented in the past 15 years, only a few studies have investigated the multiseason effects of ASD, particularly on the soil microbial community composition and stability, as well as on pathogens and antagonistic microorganisms. Field experiments were conducted in three adjacent greenhouses used for tomato production for at least 20 years. Three treatments were included: CK (control: no irrigation, no plastic film covering, incorporation of chicken manure), ASD (irrigation, plastic film covering, and incorporation of rice husks), and ASD+M (ASD plus incorporation of chicken manure). Results showed that (1) ASD significantly reduced the diversity of soil bacteria and fungi and improved the complexity and stability of the soil bacterial community at the end of the ASD, but the soil microbial diversity recovered to the level before the experiment after 1.5 years. (2) Compared with CK, ASD significantly increased the relative abundance of antagonistic bacteria Bacillus, Paenibacillus and Streptomyces, decreased the relative abundance of pathogens Fusarium and the quantity of nematodes and could still effectively eliminate soil pathogens after 1.5 years. (3) Chicken manure application did not increase the pathogenic microorganisms Fusarium and nematodes, but it significantly decreased the relative abundance of antagonistic bacteria. Our results highlight that ASD not only showed an inhibitory effect on soil-borne diseases after 1.5 years but also significantly increased the relative abundance of antagonistic bacteria. However, the additional incorporation of chicken manure for ASD should be avoided due to its negative effects on the abundance of antagonistic bacteria and its contribution to environmental pollution due to N leaching and increased emissions of GHG N2O.
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Gruss, Iwona, Jacek Twardowski, Krzysztof Matkowski, and Marta Jurga. "Impact of Collembola on the Winter Wheat Growth in Soil Infected by Soil-Borne Pathogenic Fungi." Agronomy 12, no. 7 (July 1, 2022): 1599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071599.
Full textAbstract:
The activity of some soil organisms can significantly influence the growth of plants. One of the more common are Collembola, which play an important role in suppressing soil-borne pathogens such as Fusarium spp. Here, Folsomia candida was taken for laboratory studies. The aim of the study was to assess whether springtails influence the growth of wheat and pea plants. The purpose was also to evaluate whether Collembola will reduce the occurrence of fungal diseases, presumably by feeding on fungi. The factors tested were (1) wheat grown individually or in the mixture with pea; (2) number of Collembola; and (3) the pathogenic presence of the plant fungus Fusarium culmorum. The experiment was carried out in four replicates for each treatment in two series. The soil used for the test was a mixture of field soil, sand, and peat. The following analyses were performed: measuring plant growth and decomposition rate, assessment of plant infection, and assessment of F. culmorum in springtails bodies. There was no effect of F. culmorum infection on plant growth, although the pathogen was present in the root neck of the plants incubated with this fungus. Collembola decreased the number of fungus colonies isolated from plants by about 45% in comparison to pots incubated without these organisms. The decomposition of plant biomass was accelerated by springtails by about 7% in the pots with moderate Collembola number. However, this was not related to improved plant growth. Additionally, F. culmorum was isolated from the bodies of Collembola, indicating its ability to feed on this fungus. To conclude, it was found that Collembola can decrease pathogenic fungal growth. This issue needs further studies in relation to other plants and fungus species, as well to study observed effects in the field conditions.
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Sampaio, Ana Margarida, Susana de Sousa Araújo, Diego Rubiales, and Maria Carlota Vaz Patto. "Fusarium Wilt Management in Legume Crops." Agronomy 10, no. 8 (July 25, 2020): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081073.
Full textAbstract:
Legumes are among the most important crops worldwide for human and animal consumption. However, yield inconsistency due to susceptibility to pests and diseases strongly affects its production. Among diseases affecting legumes, Fusarium wilt caused by the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl. (Fo) is one of the major factors limiting production worldwide. This disease can cause total losses in highly infested fields of some legume species. To minimize yield losses, integrated disease management strategies combining different agronomic practices with the use of resistant varieties should be applied. Although often characterized by a high degree of host specificity, with formae speciales (ff. spp.) and races identified, some Fo ff. spp. can have a broader host range, infecting more than one species, requiring further investigation. In this review, we describe the state of the art on legume Fusarium wilt management achievements, highlighting different aspects such as the use of rhizosphere microbiota as biocontrol agents, crop rotation and the use of resistant varieties. The different methods of identification and characterization of resistance sources, mechanisms as well as the genetic basis of resistance or the development of molecular tools to support legume precision breeding for Fo resistance are discussed.
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Shaheen, Nabeel, Uzair Muhammad Khan, Muhammad Tehseen Azhar, Daniel K. Y. Tan, Rana Muhammad Atif, Mahwish Israr, Seung-Hwan Yang, Gyuhwa Chung, and Iqrar Ahmad Rana. "Genetics and Genomics of Fusarium Wilt of Chilies: A Review." Agronomy 11, no. 11 (October 27, 2021): 2162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112162.
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Hot pepper (Capsicum annum L.) is a major spice crop and is used worldwide for its nutritional value. In the field, its plant is susceptible to various fungal diseases, including fusarium wilt, caused by soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. capsici, which can survive in the soil for several years. The infected plant can be recognized by the yellowing of older leaves and downward curling of apical shoots, followed by plant wilting and ultimately the death of the plant. The resistance mechanism in plants is controlled by a single dominant gene, and conventional plant breeding techniques are used to develop a wilt-resistant germplasm. Non-conventional techniques such as gene pyramiding and expression enhancement of antifungal genes could be used to shorten the time to develop resistance against fusarium wilt in hot peppers. In this review, we discuss different aspects of the disease and the molecular basis of resistance in chili/hot pepper plants. Furthermore, this review covers the scope of conventional and non-conventional breeding strategies and different management approaches used to tackle the disease.
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Mersha, Zelalem, and Michael A. Ibarra-Bautista. "Evaluation of Selected Biological and Chemical Treatments against Soil-Borne Diseases of Ginger in High Tunnel Production." Horticulturae 8, no. 10 (September 22, 2022): 870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8100870.
Full textAbstract:
With its multifaceted health benefits, ginger is one of the commonly consumed dietary condiments with continued demand worldwide leading to more importation into countries such as the U.S. The rhizome of ginger, the seed-piece but also the edible portion, is highly vulnerable to pathogen infections causing seed-piece and soil-borne diseases (SSDs). Laboratory and high tunnel (HT) studies were conducted between 2018 and 2020 to evaluate the effect of soil and transplant drenches of selected biocontrol agents (BCAs) and chemicals. In vitro dual-culture tests revealed that the Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 (Th-22) grew significantly faster than Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. zingiberi (Foz), the fungus causing yellows and rhizome rot in ginger. Th-22 grew more than three times faster than Foz within 3 days and engulfed the pathogen within 7 days when incubated at 30 °C. The bioproducts (RootShield® Plus, LifeGard®), an insecticide/nematicide (Vydate®) and disinfectant (10% Clorox) tested against Foz and any pre-existing pathogens in a HT significantly reduced severity of yellowing and rhizome rot when compared with the non-treated control. Yield was significantly higher for RootShield® Plus compared to the control in one of the trials. Spatially, declining ginger growth but an increased incidence of SSDs were observed as one walked from the door towards the back of the HT. Phospho-lipid fatty acid analysis showed better microbial activity on soils that received drenches of BCAs than on soils sampled pre-treatment.
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Park, Jong Hyup, Min Geun Song, Sang Woo Lee, Sung Hwan Choi, and Jeum Kyu Hong. "Co-treatment with Origanum Oil and Thyme Oil Vapours Synergistically Limits the Growth of Soil-borne Pathogens Causing Strawberry Diseases." Plant Pathology Journal 38, no. 6 (December 1, 2022): 673–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/ppj.nt.08.2022.0125.
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Vapours from origanum oil (O) and thyme oil (T) were applied to the four soil-borne strawberry pathogens <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>fragariae</i>, <i>Colletotrichum fructicola</i>, <i>Lasiodiplodia theobromae</i>, and <i>Phytophthora cactorum</i>, causing Fusarium wilt, anthracnose, dieback, and Phytophthora rot, respectively. Increasing T vapour doses in the presence of O vapour strongly inhibited mycelial growths of the four pathogens and vice versa. When mycelia of <i>F. oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>fragariae</i> and <i>P. cactorum</i> exposed to the combined O + T vapours were transferred to the fresh media, mycelial growth was restored, indicating fungistasis by vapours. However, the mycelial growth of <i>C. fructicola</i> and <i>L. theobromae</i> exposed to the combined O + T vapours have been slightly retarded in the fresh media. Prolonged exposure of strawberry pathogens to O + T vapours in soil environments may be suggested as an alternative method for eco-friendly disease management.
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Mehraj, Hasan, Ayasha Akter, Naomi Miyaji, Junji Miyazaki, Daniel J. Shea, Ryo Fujimoto, and Md Asad-ud Doullah. "Genetics of Clubroot and Fusarium Wilt Disease Resistance in Brassica Vegetables: The Application of Marker Assisted Breeding for Disease Resistance." Plants 9, no. 6 (June 9, 2020): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9060726.
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The genus Brassica contains important vegetable crops, which serve as a source of oil seed, condiments, and forages. However, their production is hampered by various diseases such as clubroot and Fusarium wilt, especially in Brassica vegetables. Soil-borne diseases are difficult to manage by traditional methods. Host resistance is an important tool for minimizing disease and many types of resistance (R) genes have been identified. More than 20 major clubroot (CR) disease-related loci have been identified in Brassica vegetables and several CR-resistant genes have been isolated by map-based cloning. Fusarium wilt resistant genes in Brassica vegetables have also been isolated. These isolated R genes encode the toll-interleukin-1 receptor/nucleotide-binding site/leucine-rice-repeat (TIR-NBS-LRR) protein. DNA markers that are linked with disease resistance allele have been successfully applied to improve disease resistance through marker-assisted selection (MAS). In this review, we focused on the recent status of identifying clubroot and Fusarium wilt R genes and the feasibility of using MAS for developing disease resistance cultivars in Brassica vegetables.
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Addrah, Mandela Elorm, Yuanyuan Zhang, Jian Zhang, Lin Liu, Hongyou Zhou, Weidong Chen, and Jun Zhao. "Fungicide Treatments to Control Seed-borne Fungi of Sunflower Seeds." Pathogens 9, no. 1 (December 27, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9010029.
Full textAbstract:
Seed-borne fungi in 69 sunflower cultivars were evaluated which comprised 52 confectionery and 17 oilseed types. Seed coats were placed on both NP-10 (Nonylphenol Ethoxylate based surfacant −10) and potato dextrose agar (PDA) media to culture fungi. The rate of contamination among the different varieties was calculated by counting seed coats with fungal colonies. The rate of contamination in the confectionary group (88%) was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher than in the oilseed group (71%). Of the 52 confectionery varieties, the dominant fungi recovered were Verticillium dahliae along with Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., and Rhizopus spp., whereas the oilseed type varieties were contaminated with only V. dahliae. Molecular identification of fungal species via BLAST (Basic Alignment Search Tool) was performed on fungal sequences obtained from PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) analysis. The results included five Alternaria spp. that included Alternaria tenuissima, Alternaria alternata, Alternaria helianthiinficiens, Alternaria longipes, and Alternaria tamaricis, three Fusarium spp. such as Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium incarnatum, and Fusarium proliferatum, and V. dahliae and Cladosporium cladosporioides. These were identified from pure fungal cultures recovered from seed coats. To efficiently control seed-borne fungi, four broad spectrum fungicides (carbendazim, triadimefon, caprio F-500, and flusilazole) were screened against V. dahliae isolate Gn3, which was isolated from a diseased LD 5009 sunflower plant. Flusilazole was selected based on its low half-maximal effective concentration value (EC50), 78.7 µg/mL. Seeds of diseased LD 5009 plants obtained from two different locations treated with formulated flusilazole fungicide at optimum parameters showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in seed germination and a decrease in contamination rate from 98% to less than 10%. The results affirmed that confectionery cultivars are much more susceptible to fungal contamination than oilseeds, and also that seed pretreatment is a suitable way to prevent the spread of soil- and seed-borne fungi in sunflower production.
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Al-Abed, Adel, Ziad Naser, Yahya Dana, Bilal Al-Shurman, and Roaa Al-Humran. "Study the environment-friendly control methods of soil borne diseases (Fusarium and nematode) of cucumber and tomato using the cruciferous plant." Advances in Environmental Biology 16, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22587/aeb.2022.16.3.1.
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The role of soil solarization and biofumigation on Fusarium and nematode diseases of cucumber and tomato was investigated in this study. Appropriate antifungal and nematicidal biofumigant were selected by in vitro screening of 5 cultivated crops (Mustard, cauliflower, cabbage, radish and broccoli), and 5 weeds (Eruca sativa, Nasturium sp., Lepidium sp., Diplotaxa sp. and SisymbriumirioL.) against Fusarium oxysporum and root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita). Broccoli leaf extract was found to be the most effective in inhibiting mycelia growth of F. oxysorrium. While, cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli were found to have the most nematicidal activity against M. incognita, respectively. Biofumigation with brassicaceous green manures for controlling F. oxysporium and root knot nematode on cucumber was evaluated under field conditions during two subsequent growing seasons in Al-Baq'a and Al-Karama area. Results indicated that using brassica residues significantly reduced the root galling index in both locations. Also, results showed a significant increase in the yield when the brassica residues were used. Moreover, using residues of cabbage and cauliflower were as effective as Vydate in reducing nematode infection and significantly reduced the gall index. Using brassica residues exhibit a significant reduction in the incidence of infestation of F. oxysporum at Al-Karama area. In another experiment soil solarization and biofumigant were applied alone or in combination to be evaluated to manage the soil borne disease of cucumber in the field. Among the different treatments, combined application of soil solarization and biofumigation was appeared to be superior in a significant reduction in root galling and disease incidence of F. oxysporum compared with solarization alone or only biofumigation, also using biofumigation with solarization resulted in a significant increase in the yield compared with the other treatments.
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Cruz-Rodríguez, Rosa Isela, Abumalé Cruz-Salomón, Nancy Ruiz-Lau, José Iván Pérez-Villatoro, Hector Armando Esquinca-Avilés, and Rocío Meza-Gordillo. "Potential Application of Crotalaria longirostrata Branch Extract to Reduce the Severity of Disease Caused by Fusarium." Agronomy 10, no. 4 (April 7, 2020): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10040524.
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Fusarium are considered as the major plant pathogen fungi, that cause the majority of soil-borne diseases to more than 100 plant species in the world, including maize. Thus, there are emerging demands of biocontrol reagents, and Crotalaria longirostrata showed fungicidal activity. The C. longirostrata branch extract was phytochemically characterized and evaluated for efficacy for the control of Fusarium wilt in maize. The application of the extract reduced the percentage of disease incidence significantly caused by Fusarium verticillioides from 70.4% to 40.12% as compared to non-treated plants, and evenly the disease severity was reduced from 40.15% to 29.46%. The phytochemical components of the extract were cinnamic acids (caffeic acid and ferulic acid) and phenolic acid (gallic acid). Furthermore, multiple structures were detected through mass spectrometry such as: phenols, alkaloids, esters, terpene, ketones, and amides. The bioautography assay showed that to separate the compounds of C. longirostrata branch extract causes it’s the loss of fungicidal activity. This is due to the synergy or additive interactions of secondary metabolites present in the raw extract. Our results suggest that the application of C. longirostrata branch extract is a promising strategy to be applied to the soil as a preventive treatment.
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D’Ambrosio, Giovanni, Corrado Cariddi, Francesco Mannerucci, and Giovanni Luigi Bruno. "In Vitro Screening of New Biological Limiters against Some of the Main Soil-Borne Phytopathogens." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (February 25, 2022): 2693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052693.
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This study explored the role of Aphanocladium album (strain MX95), Pleurotus ostreatus (strain ALPO) and Pleurotus eryngii (strain AL142PE) as potential biological limiters. MX95, ALPO and AL142PE were screened under laboratory studies against Phytophthora nicotianae (PN), Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL), Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), Fusarium solani (FS), Sclerotinia minor (SM), Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (SS), Athelia (Sclerotium) rolfsii (AR) and Verticillium dahliae (VD). The radial growth inhibition and the over-growth of potential antagonists on the target organisms were used to assess the interactions in the in vitro dual culture plate assay. The antagonistic ability of each challenge isolate was evaluated by calculating an index of the antagonism (AI) based on the interaction type in the dual cultures. MX95, reducing the growth of SS (20%) and FS (40%), displayed deadlock at mycelial contact against FOL and FORL, deadlock at distance versus VD and completely over-grew PN and SM. ALPO reduced (43 to 88%) the mycelial growth of tested pathogens except FORL and replaced PN and VD. AL142PE reducing (53 to 67%) SS, VD, FS and FOL mycelial growth and completely over-grew PN. AR showed combative ability against all the experienced biological limiters. Based on the results of the AI values, MX95 (AI = 16.5) was considered an active antagonist, while ALPO (AI = 11.5) and AL142PE (AI = 12.0) were moderately active antagonists. Strains MX95, ALPO and AL142PE were suitable as environment-friendly potential biocontrol agents to manage some of the main soil-borne agents of foot, root, soft rot and wilt diseases. These results are the first step in the assessment of the potential capacity of these organisms as biological limiters. Nevertheless, additional experiments should be performed for the translation to the field conditions in plant protection against soil-borne plant pathogens. In particular, the optimisation of dose and application time validation should be performed for a solid conclusion about the competitive ability of MX95, ALPO and AL142PE and the usefulness of potential biological limiters.
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Bahramian, Donya, Laleh Naraghi, and Asghar Heydari. "Effectiveness of the chemical stabilizers of Talaromyces flavus in biological control of tomato and greenhouse cucumber vascular wilt disease." Journal of Plant Protection Research 56, no. 3 (July 1, 2016): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jppr-2016-0045.
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AbstractFungal antagonist,Talaromyces flavus, is one of the most important biological agents of soil-borne fungal diseases including Verticillium and Fusarium wilt. In this study, to increase the effectiveness ofT. flavusisolates obtained from greenhouse cucumbers and field grown tomatoes five chemical stabilizers were evaluated. Based on the results of previous studies, the most effective substrate for the growth, sporulation and stability ofT. flavusisolates related to the above-mentioned plants was a mix of rice bran and peatmoss. Different chemical stabilizers were mixed with the above-mentioned substrate containing spore suspensions of variousT. flavusisolates. For each plant, a completely randomized experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions with seven treatments and three replications. The results of this study indicated that treatments containing sodium nitrate and D-cycloserine were more effective than those containing other stabilizers. The overall results of this study suggest that the use of some chemical stabilizers may enhance the biocontrol potential of fungal antagonists in controlling different plant diseases including Verticillium and Fusarium wilt.