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Academic literature on the topic 'Soil and Water Sciences'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Soil and Water Sciences"

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Raats, P. A. C. "Applications of material coordinates in the soil and plant sciences." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 35, no. 3 (August 1, 1987): 361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v35i3.16731.

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The continuum theory of mixtures is used to show the common basis of models in three areas. In each, the central problem is the description of the deformation and motion of a reference continuum and of the movement of one or more constituents relative to this reference continuum. The three applications concern the movement of solutes relative to soil water, the movement of soil water relative to the solid phase of swelling/shrinking soils, and the movement of water, solutes, and gases relative to growing plant tissues. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
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Thomas, R. L. "Soil and water science." Soil and Tillage Research 42, no. 1-2 (May 1997): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-1987(97)83358-2.

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Kroulík, M., J. Hůla, R. Šindelář, and F. Illek. "Water infiltration into soil related to the soil tillage intensity." Soil and Water Research 2, No. 1 (January 7, 2008): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2098-swr.

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Soil infiltration capacity is one of the key factors in the soil protection against unfavourable effects of water erosion. The purpose of its measuring was to compare and evaluate the changes of the soil physical properties and of water infiltration into soil caused by different intensity of soil cultivation at two individual sites. The ploughing (PL), shallow tillage (ST), and direct drilling (NT) effects on the soil physical properties, water infiltration into soil, and soil surface coverage with the crop residua under the soil condition loamy Haplic Luvisol, with long-term growing of maize (Zea mays L.) - Agroservis, 1<sup>st</sup> Agricultural, a.s., Vi&scaron;ňov&eacute; - and clay soil of Calcic Chernozem (Cooperative farm Klap&yacute;), were compared. Soil bulk density values in the variant with ploughing showed in the depth up to 0.20 m considerably lower values as compared with the variants shallow tillage and direct drilling. Nevertheless, in the subsoil layer the bulk density of soil in the variant with ploughing increased in comparison with other variants. The results were also confirmed by the cone index values. At the plots in Vi&scaron;ňov&eacute; the infiltration was evaluated utilising the double ring infiltrometer, and by means of the coloured water infiltration. The results revealed significant differences in the water infiltration rate at various stages of the soil loosening. The highest average values were recorded for ploughing (1.00 dm<sup>3</sup>/min). The lowest values were found for the shallow soil tillage (0.18 dm<sup>3</sup>/min). The variant with direct drilling showed values of 0.53 dm<sup>3</sup>/min. The coloured water infiltration evaluation showed a different character of water flow in soil. The variant with ploughing showed water saturation in the top layer, the variants with reduced tillage were characterised by vertical macropores and crack effects with the water drain into deeper layers. Ploughing proved its advantage for the short-term rainfall retention. Similar results were also brought in the evaluation on the plot with clay soil (Klap&yacute;). The loosening effect was evident during coloured water infiltration in the period of snow thawing. The loosed soil layer showed a significantly higher soil water holding capacity as compared with variants with reduced soil tillage. The result showed major differences in the water infiltration rate into soil and different characters of water infiltration into soil at different soil tillage.
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Ende, J. van den. "Water contents of glasshouse soils at field capacity and at saturation. 1. Relationships between water contents." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 36, no. 3 (August 1, 1988): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v36i3.16678.

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The relationship between water contents at saturation and at field capacity was determined in soils from 75 glasshouses in the Netherlands. Sandy, loamy and peaty soils were equally represented. Water contents of soils at sampling time were found to correspond closely with those at field capacity. Water contents of saturated pastes obtained from field-moist soil samples were higher than those of saturated pastes obtained from soil samples dried previously. For the relationships between water contents of field-moist soil samples and of saturated pastes obtained from field-moist and dried soil samples, correlation coefficients of 0.986 and 0.985, respectively, were found. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
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Bouma, Johan. "Soil Security in Sustainable Development." Soil Systems 3, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3010005.

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The United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide an excellent channel to demonstrate the significance of soils when considering e.g., food production, water availability, climate mitigation and biodiversity preservation. For environmental sciences, including soil science, the SDGs provide “a point at the horizon” for future research. Progress to achieve the SDGs by 2030 will bureaucratically be monitored by targets and indicators but questions as to how effective research should be organized remain unanswered so far. The soil security concept, based on the five Cs (capability, condition, capital, connectivity and codification) can provide a clear guideline for soil science research, defining soil functions contributing to interdisciplinary ecosystem services that, in turn, can define measures to reach SDGs. A “storyline” is proposed linking the five Cs, emphasizing connectivity that becomes increasingly important in our modern “fact-free” world. The traditional linear research model does not apply when characterizing SDGs because of many conflicting interests that don’t allow definition of specific “solutions”. But different action-perspectives can be defined as a basis for decision making, creating much needed transparency in the decision process. Soil contributions are most effective when framed in the context of soil-water-atmosphere-plant models. Proper codification, including clear and candid communication with stakeholders, is essential to link science with society, a link that needs improvement.
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Brillante, L., O. Mathieu, B. Bois, C. van Leeuwen, and J. Lévêque. "The use of soil electrical resistivity to monitor plant and soil water relationships in vineyards." SOIL 1, no. 1 (March 17, 2015): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-273-2015.

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Abstract. Soil water availability deeply affects plant physiology. In viticulture it is considered a major contributor to the "terroir" effect. The assessment of soil water in field conditions is a difficult task, especially over large surfaces. New techniques are therefore required in order to better explore variations of soil water content in space and time with low disturbance and with great precision. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) meets these requirements for applications in plant sciences, agriculture and ecology. In this paper, possible techniques to develop models that allow the use of ERT to spatialise soil water available to plants are reviewed. An application of soil water monitoring using ERT in a grapevine plot in Burgundy (north-east France) during the vintage 2013 is presented. We observed the lateral heterogeneity of ERT-derived fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) variations, and differences in water uptake depend on grapevine water status (leaf water potentials measured both at predawn and at solar noon and contemporary to ERT monitoring). Active zones in soils for water movements were identified. The use of ERT in ecophysiological studies, with parallel monitoring of plant water status, is still rare. These methods are promising because they have the potential to reveal a hidden part of a major function of plant development: the capacity to extract water from the soil.
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Pierzgalski, Edward, and Jerzy Jeznach. "Measures for soil water control in Poland." Journal of Water and Land Development 10, no. 1 (December 1, 2006): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10025-007-0007-5.

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Measures for soil water control in Poland Polish water resources depend on precipitations, which are variable in time and space. In dry years the water balance is negative in central parts of Poland but sudden thaws and downfalls may result in periodical water excess and dangerous floods almost in the entire country. The retention capacity of artificial reservoirs in Poland permits to store only 6% of the average annual runoff, which is commonly considered insufficient. Another method to increase retention is soil water control. About fifty percent of soils in Poland consist of light and very light sandy soils with low water capacity. Loams and organogenic soils cover approximately 25% and 8.5% area of the country, respectively. Almost half of agricultural lands (48%) have relatively good water conditions, but the rest requires soil water control measures. An increase of the soil water content could be achieved by changes of soil properties, water table control and soil water management. Modernization and reconstruction of drainage and irrigation systems, which were built mainly in the period 1960-1980, is needed.
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Judy, Jonathan D., Maria L. Silveira, Sampson Agyin-Birikorang, George O'Connor, and Thomas A. Obreza. "Drinking Water Treatment Residuals to Control Phosphorus in Soils." EDIS 2019 (August 21, 2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-ss513-2019.

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Soils in Florida may contain excess soil phosphorus (P) resulting from fertilizer, manure or biosolids applications. Excess P in soil does not damage soil fertility but can be transported from agricultural and urban areas either dissolved in water that drains away or as particulate matter (attached to soil particles) that travels with eroding soil. Increased P in water bodies is recognized as one of the major factors responsible for eutrophication-related decrease in water quality. Most soils have the capacity to retain excess P. However, soils with low capacity to retain excess P are abundant in Florida. The use of drinking-water treatment residuals (WTR) to control excess phosphorus (P) in soils with limited P adsorption capacity has been explored as a potential low-cost method by which to reduce phosphorus losses to surface waters and a discussion of these explorations is presented here. The target audience for this publication includes state agencies, like the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FLDEP), and water management districts trying to control P pollution, and those interested in nutrient management for agricultural and environmental purposes. This 6-page fact sheet is a minor revision written by Jonathan D. Judy, Maria L. Silveira, Sampson Agyin-Birikorang, and George A. O’Connor, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Soil and Water Sciences, June 2019. SL 300/SS513: Drinking-Water Treatment Residuals to Control Phosphorus in Soils (ufl.edu)
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de Jonge, Lis W., Per Moldrup, and Ole H. Jacobsen. "SOIL-WATER CONTENT DEPENDENCY OF WATER REPELLENCY IN SOILS." Soil Science 172, no. 8 (August 2007): 577–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ss.0b013e318065c090.

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Wang, Xiaofang, Yi Li, Yichen Wang, and Chuncheng Liu. "Performance of HYDRUS-1D for simulating water movement in water-repellent soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 98, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 407–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2017-0116.

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Soil water repellency affects soil water movement during infiltration significantly. The HYDRUS software has been popularly applied in soil water dynamics simulation for many years, but its performance in water-repellent (WR) soils has not been assessed thoroughly. Our objectives are to assess the performance of HYDRYUS-1D for cumulative infiltration (CI), wetting front (Zf), and volumetric soil water content (θv) during horizontal imbibition and vertical infiltration in wettable, slightly WR, and strongly WR soils. The key parameters of α and n in water retention curves were inversely estimated by RETension Curve software. The α and n were calibrated inversely until the observed data fitted the simulated values well enough. The α and n were then used for validation using three statistical parameters including relative root-mean-square error, R2, and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient. The performances of calibration and validation for wettable, slightly, and strongly WR soils were good enough to be used for further simulations (RRMSE ≤20.2% for calibration and ≤21.1% for validation). Soil water movements for strongly WR soils of variable ponded depth during vertical infiltration were simulated. For Lou soil, as the ponded depth increased from 4 to 10 cm, the CI and Zf increased 2.08 and 5.5 cm, respectively. The simulations for the other three soils also showed gradually increased CI and Zf values. In conclusion, the performances of HYDRUS-1D in four different soil types with changing WR levels were good, which confirmed the application of HYDRUS-1D in WR soils.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Soil and Water Sciences"

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Ekanayake, Jagath C. "Soil water movement through swelling soils." Lincoln University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1761.

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The present work is a contribution to description and understanding of the distribution and movement of water in swelling soils. In order to investigate the moisture distribution in swelling soils a detailed knowledge of volume change properties, flow characteristics and total potential of water in the soil is essential. Therefore, a possible volume change mechanism is first described by dividing the swelling soils into four categories and volume change of a swelling soil is measured under different overburden pressures. The measured and calculated (from volume change data) overburden potential components are used to check the validity of the derivation of a load factor, ∝. Moisture diffusivity in swelling soil under different overburden pressures is measured using Gardner's (1956) outflow method. Behaviour of equilibrium moisture profiles in swelling soils is theoretically explained, solving the differential equation by considering the physical variation of individual soil properties with moisture content and overburden pressure. Using the measured volume change data and moisture potentials under various overburden pressures, the behaviour of possible moisture profiles are described at equilibrium and under steady vertical flows in swelling soils. It is shown that high overburden pressures lead to soil water behaviour quite different from any previously reported.
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Poon, David. "Re-conceptualizing the soil and water assessment tool to better predict subsurface water flow through macroporous soils." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119707.

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Efforts to manage eutrophication of surface waters should recognize that macropore flow transports significantly more phosphorus (P) to surface waters via tile drains than water that percolates through the soil matrix. For the watershed-scale SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model to describe phosphorus transport through tile drains, SWAT needs to partition percolation into macropore flow and matrix flow. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a new macropore flow algorithm on the partitioning of hydrological flows, using input data that are readily available, consistent with the current approach to SWAT modeling. The algorithm was evaluated in a proof of concept outside of SWAT and within a re-conceptualized version, SWAT-QC2. The proof of concept reproduced episodic macropore flows, which increased with greater daily rainfall if infiltration exceeded a threshold that was lower for finer-textured soils. Although the algorithm did not improve predictions of streamflow of an agricultural subwatershed in southern Quebec (30 km2), the algorithm improved SWAT's partitioning between surface runoff and subsurface flow. SWAT-QC2 also predicted reasonably the separation between macropore and matrix components of subsurface flow, upon comparison with results from a chemical-based hydrograph separation of the subwatershed's streamflow. As in the proof of concept, the predicted amount of macropore flow into tile drains was greater under finer-textured soils than coarser-textured soils. By describing the portion of percolation that flows through macropores and potentially controls subsurface P transport, the macropore flow algorithm provides a framework for future developments of SWAT that describe macropore transport of P to tile drains. To improve the partitioning between macropore and matrix flows, future developments of SWAT-QC2 should account for dynamic macropore connectivity and the effects of soil moisture on macropore flow, but more research is needed to determine experimentally the spatiotemporal variation of macropore flow in agricultural soils.
Les stratégies d'intervention ciblées sur la prévention de l'eutrophisation des eaux de surface en milieu agricole devraient prendre en compte que relativement plus de phosphore chemine vers les drains souterrains par les macropores du sol qu'en cheminement matriciel. Afin de décrire les phénomènes de transport de phosphore aux drains, le modèle hydrologique SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) doit être en mesure de distinguer ces processus de transfert. La présente étude avait pour objectif d'évaluer la performance d'un nouvel algorithme séparant les écoulements matriciels et préférentiels, en mettant à profit des jeux de données existantes et suivant une démarche compatible avec l'approche de modélisation inhérente à SWAT. L'algorithme a d'abord profité d'une validation conceptuelle, hors du modèle SWAT, puis d'une évaluation suivant son intégration à une nouvelle version du modèle hydrologique, SWAT-QC2. La validation conceptuelle de l'algorithme a démontré que les flux matriciels épisodiques prédits augmentent avec les précipitations journalières, à la condition que le taux d'infiltration ait atteint un seuil limite, relativement moins élevé en sol argileux. Bien que l'algorithme n'ait pas amélioré la prédiction du débit total d'un petit bassin versant du Sud du Québec (30 km2), il a néanmoins amélioré la performance du modèle SWAT à répartir les écoulements de surface et souterrains. La comparaison des prédictions du modèle hydrologique avec les résultats de séparation des hydrogrammes à l'exutoire du même bassin versant suivant une méthode chimique témoigne d'une performance réaliste de SWAT-QC2 à prédire la répartition des flux souterrains préférentiels et matriciels. A l'instar de la validation conceptuelle de l'algorithme, les flux préférentiels prédits sont relativement plus importants en sol argileux qu'en texture plus grossière. En décrivant la proportion des écoulements souterrains qui emprunte la voie préférentielle, et qui contrôle potentiellement les transferts souterrains de P, l'algorithme d'écoulement en macropores constitue une assise pour le développement ultérieur de SWAT intégrant une description des transferts souterrains de phosphore vers les drains souterrains. Afin d'améliorer la performance de SWAT-QC2 à séparer les flux préférentiels et matriciels, les développements futurs du modèle hydrologique devraient prendre en compte la nature dynamique de la connectivité des macropores, de même que les effets de l'humidité du sol sur l'écoulement préférentiel. Cette démarche appelle cependant à une meilleure caractérisation expérimentale de la variabilité spatio-temporelle des flux préférentiels en sols agricoles.
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Subedi-Chalise, Kopila. "Impacts of Crop Residue and Cover Crops on Soil Hydrological Properties, Soil Water Storage and Water Use Efficiency of Soybean Crop." Thesis, South Dakota State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10265200.

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Cover crops and crop residue play a multifunctional role in improving soil hydrological properties, soil water storage and water use efficiency (WUE). This study was conducted to better understand the role of crop residue and cover crop on soil properties and soil water dynamics. The study was conducted at the USDA-ARS North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, located in Brookings, South Dakota. Two residue removal treatments that include low residue removal (LRR) and high residue removal (HRR) were established in 2000 with randomized complete block design under no-till corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation. In 2005, cover crop treatments which include cover crops (CC) and no cover crops (NCC) were integrated into the overall design. Soil samples were collected in 2014, 2015 and 2016. Data from this study showed that LRR treatment resulted in lower bulk density (BD) by 7 and 9% compared to HRR in 2015 and 2016, respectively, for 0-5 cm depth. Similarly, LRR treatment significantly reduced soil penetration resistance (SPR) by 25% in 0-5 cm depth compared with HRR treatment. In addition to this, LRR treatment significantly increased soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations and total nitrogen (TN) by 22 and 17%, respectively, in 0-5 cm. Similarly, CC treatment resulted in lower BD and SPR by 7% and 23%, respectively, in 0-5 cm depth in 2015 compared with NCC treatment. The LRR significantly increased soil water infiltration by 66 and 22% compared to HRR in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Similarly, the CC treatment significantly increased infiltration by 82 and 22% compared to the NCC in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The significant impact of a crop residue was observed on soil water retention (SWR) in 2014 and 2015 for the 0-5 cm depth. The LRR and CC treatments increased the soil volumetric moisture content (VMC) and soil water storage (SWS) on the surface 0-5 cm depth. However, the trend was not always significant during the growing season. The CC treatment significantly impacted the soybean yield by 14% and WUE by 13% compared with NCC treatment. Some interaction of residue by cover crops was observed on BD, SPR, VMC, and SWS, which showed that the use of cover crops with LRR can be beneficial in improving the soil properties.

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Dryden, Garri A. "Optimum gravel size for use as a soil surface cover for the prevention of soil erosion by water." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280469.

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Eleven series of replicated tests were conducted using 38.1 mm, 15.9 mm, and 9.5 mm gravel to determine the most effective soil surface cover to prevent soil erosion from rainfall. A sediment tray one meter square in size with an integrated rainfall simulator was used to generate data after initial trial runs had established test procedures. Various size gravels and a control with no cover were tested in a laboratory using simulated rainfall to evaluate their effectiveness in preventing erosion. Through thirty-three experiments, signature traits of specific rock sizes were identified. Experiments on 38.1 mm gravel indicated the usefulness of rock mulches in soil erosion prevention. Evaluations with 9.5 mm material indicated that erosion prevention varies inversely with particle size. Experiments with 15.9 mm gravel suggested that this material could increase erosion. This study reflects the ambivalence in the literature and points to the complexity of micro-interactions and erosion potential as influenced by gravel size. Six mechanisms governing rock mulch erosion were proposed.
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Shahadha, Saadi Sattar. "Measured Soil Hydraulic Properties as RZWQM2 Input to Simulate Soil Water Dynamics and Crop Evapotranspiration." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/110.

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Agricultural system models integrate many different processes that cannot all be measured in field experiments and help quantify soil water dynamics, crop evapotranspiration, and crop growth with high temporal resolution. Understanding soil water dynamics and crop evapotranspiration is essential to improve agricultural management of field crops. For example, the interaction between nitrogen application rate and water dynamics is not sufficiently understood. In most cases, model simulations deviate from field measurements, especially when model input parameters are indirectly and unspecifically derived. The extent to which measured soil hydraulic property inputs decrease the discrepancy between measured and simulated soil water status is not well understood. Consequently, this study: (i) investigated thr use of measured soil hydraulic properties as Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2) inputs compared to indirectly derived inputs; (ii) explored the capability of calibrating measured soil hydraulic property input parameters for one crop and using them for other crops without further calibration; (iii) studied the effect of the nitrogen application rate on the behavior of soil water dynamics and crop evapotranspiration using RZWQM2 under different rainfall amounts. To evaluate the model in different field management conditions, a field experiment with soybean, corn, wheat, and fallow soil was conducted from 2015 – 2017 to collect field data to calibrate and validate the RZWQM2 model. The model presented a satisfactory response to using measured soil hydraulic property inputs and a satisfactory capability to quantify the effect of nitrogen rates on daily crop evapotranspiration, soil water dynamics, and crop growth. With sufficient measurements of soil hydraulic parameters, it was possible to build a RZWQM2 model that produced reasonable results even without calibration.
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Undercoffer, Jason. "Monitoring Phosphorus Transport and Soil Test Phosphorus From Two Distinct Drinking Water Treatment Residual Application Methods." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243532451.

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Pricope, Narcisa. "Modeling Soil Erosion in the Upper Green River, KY." TopSCHOLAR®, 2006. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/258.

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Off-site soil erosion has tremendous impacts on the present state of most river systems throughout the United States, contributing sediments to channels mainly as nonpoint pollution resulting from land-use and agricultural practices and leading to sedimentation downstream and downwind, a decrease in the transport capacity of streams, increase in the risk of flooding, filling reservoirs, and eutrophication. A primary focus in examining the problems associated with soil erosion arid ultimately in proposing control measures should be on identifying the sources of the sediment. Therefore, a model that would be able to assess soil erosion needs to start by identifying the sediment sources and delivery paths to channels, link these sediment supply processes to in-channel sediment transport and storage and ultimately to basin sediment yield. This study focuses on the Upper Green River Basin in Kentucky and is concerned with analyzing hillslope erosion rates using The Unit Stream Power Erosion and Deposition soil erosion model (Mitas and Mitasova, 1996) and GIS, and thereby estimating patterns of sediment supply to rivers in order to predict which portions of the channel network are more likely to store large amounts of fine sediments. Results indicate that much of the eroded sediments are redistributed within the hillslope system, but also that a large proportion is delivered to the channel. These predictions have been tested by sampling the fine sediment content of the streambed at key locations along the channel network and comparing the observed patterns to those predicted by the soil erosion model. By linking topographic and soil characteristics with land cover data, it has been concluded that high intensity erosion tends to occur at contact between different vegetation covers, on barren lands and croplands, and 15-25% slopes poorly protected by vegetation. Erosion ""hot spots"" have been identified in the Pitman Creek HUC 05110001-90-130 and 05110001-90-050, both part of the Big Pitman Creek sub-basin, as well as in Mill and Falling Timber Creeks with lower intensity.
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Zelasko, Amanda Jean. "Soil reduction rates under water saturated conditions in relation to soil properties." NCSU, 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07172007-154810/.

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The success of wetland restoration projects depends in part on the length of time that a soil is in a reduced redox state. The length of time that a soil is reduced depends on how quickly reduction occurs following saturation with water. The relationship between reduction rate and various soil chemical and mineralogical properties is poorly understood, but such properties might be manipulated to improve the success of wetland restoration projects. The goals of this research were to determine soil properties that predict the rate at which soils undergo reduction when saturated, and to determine the roles of electron donors and acceptors on reduction rates. Sixteen soil samples were collected at various depths from two wetland sites, a Carolina bay (Juniper Bay) and a wetland catena (Frog Level). Soils were incubated in specially designed redox incubators to monitor reduction rates, changes in soil properties, and soil solution chemistry. Soil samples were subjected to three cycles of oxidation and reduction during the course of 36 d. Soil reduction rates were determined from the slopes of linear regression models fit to data for redox potential (Eh) over time. Reduction rates varied among soils from 1.2 to 46.2 mV h-1, and were significantly greater (p-value < 0.05) for soils with total organic carbon (TOC) > 10 g kg-1 than in soils with TOC < 10 g kg-1. Increasing amounts of dissolved Fe(II) were found at Eh values below 500 mV for pH between 4.5 and 5.1. Mineral soils with total reduction rates > 10 mV h-1 released significantly more Fe(II) into solution than mineral soils with reduction rates < 10 mV h-1 (p-value < 0.05). Regression results indicated that organic carbon, an electron donor, was the dominant factor controlling reduction rates up to 10 mV h-1, and an electron acceptor Fe(III) was the dominant factor controlling reduction rates > 10 mV h-1. For wetland restoration purposes multiple linear regression models based on our results that include TOC concentration and pH can be used along with hydrologic data to predict reduction rates in saturated soils.
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LIU, ZHIJUN. "Effective modeling of agricultural practices within large-scale hydrologic and water quality simulations." MSSTATE, 2006. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11082006-162139/.

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The previously developed watershed hydrological and water quality model for St. Louis Bay watershed by Kieffer (2002) was refined and calibrated. The aspects of model development refinement included development of fertilization-related nutrient input parameters, evaluation of nutrient input methods, development of plant uptake-related nutrient input parameters, non-cropland simulation using PQUAL module, and recalibration of hydrology in Jourdan River. The related information of typical cropland management practice based on consultation from Mississippi State University Extention Service personnel was integrated into the watershed model. In addition, the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) observed water quality data were analyzed to evaluate the appropriateness of current watershed delineation and assess the health of the stream based on the MDEQ proposed numerical water quality target. The refined watershed model was calibrated in Wolf Rover and Jourdan River using both USGS and MDEQ observed water quality data. The concentrations of water quality constituents calculated from the developed watershed model will be provided as boundary conditions for the developed Bay hydrodynamic and water quality model for Total Maximum Daily Load studies.
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Bastviken, Paulina. "Soil water solution DOC dynamics during winter in boreal hillslopes." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-229128.

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When plants and animals die they are decomposed into microscopic particles of organic carbon. In the ground, these carbon particles are dissolved in the soil water and eventually transported to the streamchannel with the flow of the groundwater. Today the quantities of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) have been observed to increase in many lakes and streams around the world, which constitute a threat against the water quality and ecologic environment of these surface waters. The amount of organic carbon that is dissolved and transported in the soil water is mainly controlled by processes related to temperature and hydrology, two factors which vary seasonally. Because of difficulties to sample soil water at temperatures below 0°C studies of DOC transport between soil and water during the winter season are limited. This study therefore conducted a winter sampling of soil water, with the focus on DOC. Samples were collected in March 2014 at sites along three hillslopes, orthogonal to two streams, in a typical Swedish boreal forest northwest of Umeå. The soil water was extracted with the help of suction lysimeters installed at different depths in the soil, and heating equipmentpowered by batteries. The collected samples were analyzed for DOC concentration and absorbance after which the results were grouped together with results from previous sampling campaigns, conducted in the summer and autumn of 2013. Parallel to this, data representing a longer time series (2009 to 2012) at another hillslope was processed. During the summer and autumn an increase in DOC concentration was observed. The increase was assumed to be caused by high production and effective degradation of organic matter in the soil during this warm period. Generally, a decrease in the DOC concentration then followed during the winter season. One possible reason for this decrease could be that the bacterial degradation in the soil continued, during the winter, and transformed the dissolved carbon into CO2 and CH4. Another possibility is that the DOC was flushed into the streams by autumn rain events. The study also found differences concerning the DOC concentration and character in the soil water, as well as the seasonal variation of these parameters, with soil depth and distance from the stream along the hillslope profile. These differences could be correlated to the organic content of the soil, from which the soil water had been extracted.
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Books on the topic "Soil and Water Sciences"

1

Vaníček, Ivan. Earth structures: In transport, water and environmental engineering. Dordrecht: Springer, 2008.

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Agency, European Space. SMOS: ESA's water mission. Noordwijk, The Netherlands]: ESA, 2010.

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H, Tunney, ed. Phosphorus loss from soil to water. Wallingford, OX: CAB International, 1997.

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Workshop "Soil and Water Quality at Different Scales" (1996 Wageningen, Netherlands). Soil and water quality at different scales: Proceedings of the Workshop "Soil and Water Quality at Different Scales", held 7-9 August 1996, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.

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Donahue, Roy Luther. Our soils and their management: Increasing production through environmental soil and water conservation and fertility management. 6th ed. Danville, Ill: Interstate Publishers, 1990.

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Environmental soil and water chemistry: Principles and applications. New York: Wiley, 1998.

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L, Davis Susan, Pyke Grantley W, Reinhart Jill M, Scanlon Karen A, Conservation Technology Information Center, and AWWA Research Foundation, eds. Water utility/agricultural alliances: Working together for cleaner water. Denver, CO: AWWA Research Foundation and American Water Works Association, 2005.

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Conference on Contaminated soils (19th 2003 University of Massachusetts, Amherst). Contaminated soils, sediments, and water, volume 9: Science in the real world. New York: Springer, 2005.

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Baker, Ralph S., Glendon W. Gee, and Cynthia Rosenzweig, eds. Soil and Water Science: Key to Understanding Our Global Environment. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub41.

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Ian, Cordery, Iacovides Iacovos, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Coping with Water Scarcity: Addressing the Challenges. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Soil and Water Sciences"

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Mukherjee, Swapna. "Soil Water." In Current Topics in Soil Science, 87–104. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92669-4_9.

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McCool, D. K., and K. G. Renard. "Water Erosion and Water Quality." In Advances in Soil Science, 175–85. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8982-8_8.

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Wallis, M. G., and D. J. Horne. "Soil Water Repellency." In Advances in Soil Science, 91–146. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2930-8_2.

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Parkin, Gary W., Walter H. Gardner, and K. Auerswald. "Water Erosion." In Encyclopedia of Soil Science, 817–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-3995-9_625.

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Parkin, Gary W., Walter H. Gardner, K. Auerswald, and Johannes Bouma. "Water Movement." In Encyclopedia of Soil Science, 822–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-3995-9_628.

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Ritsema, Coen J., Louis W. Dekker, Klaas Oostindie, Demie Moore, and Bernd Leinauer. "Soil Water Repellency and Critical Soil Water Content." In Soil Science Step-by-Step Field Analysis, 97–112. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/2008.soilsciencestepbystep.c8.

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Stewart, B. A., and J. L. Steiner. "Water-Use Efficiency." In Advances in Soil Science, 151–73. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8982-8_7.

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Paz, Carlota Garcia, Teresa Taboada Rodríguez, Valerie M. Behan‐Pelletier, Stuart B. Hill, Pablo Vidal‐Torrado, Miguel Cooper, Peter van Straaten, et al. "Field Water Cycle." In Encyclopedia of Soil Science, 272–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-3995-9_228.

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Chesworth, Ward, Otto Spaargaren, Amos Hadas, and Pieter H. Groenevelt. "Thermodynamics of Soil Water." In Encyclopedia of Soil Science, 772–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-3995-9_594.

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Parkin, Gary W. "Water Budget In Soil." In Encyclopedia of Soil Science, 811–13. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-3995-9_622.

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Conference papers on the topic "Soil and Water Sciences"

1

D'Ambrosio, Roberta, Antonia Longobardi, and Mirka Mobilia. "Evaluation of green-roofs evolution's impact on substrate soil water content by FDR sensors calibration." In 5th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecws-5-08028.

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Karamouz, Mohammad, Arash Ghomlaghi, Reza Saleh Alipour, Mahta Nazari, and Mohammad Fereshtehpour. "Soil Moisture Data: From Using Citizen Science to Satellite Technology." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2019. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482322.009.

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Ilie, Ana Maria Carmen, Cody Goebel, and Tissa Illangasekare. "Performance assessment of soil moisture sensors under controlled conditions in laboratory setting and recommendations for field deployment." In 5th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecws-5-08041.

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Saleh, Ismail, Ida Setya Wahyu Atmaja, and Ray March Syahadat. "Prohibition in Baduy Dalam Community: Soil and Water Conservation Perspective." In International Conference on Agriculture, Social Sciences, Education, Technology and Health (ICASSETH 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200402.040.

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Mishra, Ashutosh, Paras Pujari, Shalini Dhyani, and Parikshit Verma. "Soil-water dynamics in flood irrigated orange orchard in central India: Integrated approach of sap flow measurements and HYDRUS 1D model." In 5th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecws-5-08467.

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Jalut, Qassem H., and Anmar S. Saleh. "Evaluation of conjunctive water use impacts on soil hydraulic properties and root water uptake using HYDRUS-3D model." In 2018 1st- International Scientific Conference of Engineering Sciences - 3rd Scientific Conference of Engineering Science (ISCES). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isces.2018.8340564.

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Abdullah, N. H. H., N. W. Kuan, A. Ibrahim, B. N. Ismail, M. R. A. Majid, R. Ramli, and N. S. Mansor. "Determination of soil water content using time domain reflectometer (TDR) for clayey soil." In ADVANCES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5062642.

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AKINYINKA, AKINNUSOTU, Justinah Ukpebor, and Felix Okiemen. "Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment and fish samples of river Owan, and agricultural soil around the same river in Edo State, Nigeria." In 5th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecws-5-08447.

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Mukhlisin, Muhammad, Marlin Ramadhan Baidillah, and Mohd Raihan Taha. "Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography (ECVT) for Measurement Soil Water Infiltration in Vessel Experiments." In 1st Annual International Conference on Geological & Earth Sciences. Global Science Technology Forum, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-3361_geos12.113.

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Talapessy, Ronaldo, and Oktaviana K. Sujianti. "A simple technique to investigate water flow in soil based on electrical waveform." In THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BASIC SCIENCES 2021 (ICBS 2021). AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0112532.

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Reports on the topic "Soil and Water Sciences"

1

Beal, Samuel, Ashley Mossell, and Jay Clausen. Hydrocarbon treatability study of Antarctica soil with Fenton’s reagent. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41260.

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The study objectives were to determine the effectiveness of Fenton’s Reagent and Modified Fenton’s Reagent in reducing Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations in petroleum-contaminated soil from McMurdo Station, Antarctica. Comparisons of the contaminated soils were made, and a treatability study was completed and documented. This material was presented at the Association for Environmental Health and Sciences Foundation (AEHS) 30th Annual International Conference on Soil, Water, Energy, and Air (Virtual) on March 25, 2021.
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Gillor, Osnat, Stefan Wuertz, Karen Shapiro, Nirit Bernstein, Woutrina Miller, Patricia Conrad, and Moshe Herzberg. Science-Based Monitoring for Produce Safety: Comparing Indicators and Pathogens in Water, Soil, and Crops. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7613884.bard.

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Using treated wastewater (TWW) for crop irrigation represents an important opportunity for ensuring adequate food production in light of growing freshwater scarcity worldwide. However, the environmentally sustainable approach of using TWW for irrigation can lead to contamination of produce with fecal pathogens that may remain in treated water. The overall goal of this research was to evaluate the correlation between the presence of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and that of a suite of human pathogens in TWW, the irrigated soil, and crops. Field experiments were conducted to compare secondary and tertiary TWW with dechlorinated tap water for irrigation of tomatoes, a typical commercial crop, in Israel, a semi-arid country. Human pathogens including bacteria (Salmonella), protozoa (Cryptosporidiumand Giardia), and viruses (Adenovirus [AV Types A, B, C & 40/41] and Enterovirus [EV71 subtypes]) were monitored in two field trials using a combination of microscopic, cultivation-based, and molecular (qPCR) techniques. Results from the field trials indicate that microbial contamination on the surface of tomatoes did not appear to be associated with the source of irrigated waters; FIB contamination was not statistically different on tomatoes irrigated with TWW as compared to tomatoes irrigated with potable water. In fact, Indicator bacteria testing did not predict the presence of pathogens in any of the matrices tested. High concentrations of FIB were detected in water and on tomato surfaces from all irrigation treatment schemes, while pathogen contamination on tomato surfaces (Cryptosporidiumand Salmonella) was only detected on crops irrigated with TWW. These results suggest that regular monitoring for pathogens should take place to accurately detect presence of harmful microorganisms that could threaten consumer safety. A notable result from our study is that the large numbers of FIB in the water did not appear to lead to FIB accumulation in the soil. With the exception of two samples, E. coli that was present at 10³ to 10⁴ cells/100 mL in the water, was not detected in the soil. Other bacterial targets associated with the enteric environment (e. g., Proteusspp.) as well as protozoal pathogens were detected in the TWW, but not in the soil. These findings suggest that significant microbial transfer to the soil from TWW did not occur in this study. The pattern of FIB contamination on the surfaces of tomatoes was the same for all treatment types, and showed a temporal effect with more contamination detected as the duration of the field trial increased. An important observation revealed that water quality dramatically deteriorated between the time of its release from the wastewater treatment plant and the time it was utilized for irrigation, highlighting the importance of performing water quality testing throughout the growing season at the cultivation site.
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David, Gabrielle C. L., Patrick H. Trier, Ken M. Fritz, Steven L. Kichefski, Tracie-Lynn Nadeau, L. Allan James, Brian J. Topping, Wohl Ellen E., and Aaron Allen. National Ordinary High Water Mark Field Delineation Manual for Rivers and Streams : Interim Version. U.S. Army Engineer Reseach and Development Center, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46102.

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The ordinary high water mark (OHWM) defines the lateral extent of nontidal aquatic features in the absence of adjacent wetlands in the United States. The federal regulatory definition of the OHWM, 33 CFR 328.3(c)(7), states the OHWM is “that line on the shore established by the fluctuations of water and indicated by physical characteristics such as [a] clear, natural line impressed on the bank, shelving, changes in the character of soil, destruction of terrestrial vegetation, the presence of litter and debris, or other appropriate means that consider the characteristics of the surrounding areas.” This is the first manual to present a methodology for nationwide identification and delineation of the OHWM. A two-page data sheet and field procedure outline a weight-of-evidence (WoE) methodology to organize and evaluate observations at stream sites. This manual presents a consistent, science-based method for delineating the OHWM in streams. It also describes regional differences and challenges in identifying the OHWM at sites disturbed by human-induced or natural changes and illustrates how to use remote data to structure field inquiries and interpret field evidence using the principles of fluvial science. The manual demonstrates that, in many landscape settings, the OHWM may be located near the bankfull elevation.
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Stevens A. J. Booster soil, component, and water activation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1150470.

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Jayaweera, Indira S., Montserrat Marti-Perez, Jordi Diaz-Ferrero, and Angel Sanjurjo. Water as a Reagent for Soil Remediation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/808528.

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Indira S. Jayaweera, Montserrat Marti-Perez, Jordi Diaz-Ferrero, and Angel Sanjurjo. WATER AS A REAGENT FOR SOIL REMEDIATION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/808964.

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Atalay, A., and D. Vir Maggon. Selenium in Oklahoma ground water and soil. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5127191.

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Indira S. Jayaweera, Montserrat Marti-Perez, Jordi Diaz-Ferrero, and Angel Sanjurjo. WATER AS A REAGENT FOR SOIL REMEDIATION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/824937.

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Indira S. Jayaweera and Jordi Diaz-Ferraro. WATER AS A REAGENT FOR SOIL REMEDIATION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/824939.

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Krajewski, W., H. Loesche, R. Mason, K. McGuire, B. Mohanty, G. Poulos, P. Reed, J. Shanley, O. Wendroth, and D. A. Robinson. Enhanced Water Cycle Measurements for Watershed Hydrologic Sciences Research. Chair J. Jacobs. Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc. (CUAHSI), May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4211/techrpts.200605.wc.

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