Journal articles on the topic 'Soil and vegetable contamination'
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1
Ahmed, M., and K. Kurosawa. "Arsenic Contamination of Water-Soil-Crop System in an Industrial Area of Bangladesh." International Journal of Environment 6, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v6i1.16869.
Abstract:
The arsenic (As) concentrations of irrigation water, soils and vegetables were investigated in an agricultural section of Gazipur industrial area in Bangladesh, where industrial wastewater is mixed with irrigation water. The results showed that the mean As concentration of the irrigation water (0.16-0.62 mg L-1) exceeded the permissible limit for agricultural purposes recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization (0.10 mg L-1). The mean As concentration of soils (6.48-9.75 mg kg-1) did not exceed the tolerable limit for agricultural soils recommended by the FAO (20.0 mg kg-1). While, the As concentration of the respective vegetables in average varied from 0.63 to 1.07 mg kg-1 dry weight, and the highest As concentration in average was observed in taro root (1.26-2.31 mg kg-1), followed by helencha leaf (1.85-2.02 mg kg-1). The average As concentration of root vegetables (1.84 mg kg-1) exceeded the permissible limit of 1.0 mg kg-1 suggested by the Food and Agriculture Organization, while that of leafy (0.77 mg kg-1) and fruit vegetables (0.14 mg kg-1) did not exceed the limit. Soils irrigated with As containing water that holds much amount of As showed a positive correlation with the vegetable As concentration. A decrease in the As concentration from soil to vegetable was found in root, leafy and fruit vegetables. However, the vegetables were not safe for human consumption. Some countermeasures are, therefore, necessary to reduce the vegetable As concentration.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT Volume-6, Issue-1, Dec-Feb 2016/17, page: 76-86
2
Yuhenanda Dary Pratama, Indah Setyawati Tantular, Gwenny Ichsan Prabowo, and Heru Prasetya. "Detection and Prevalence of Soil Transmitted Helminths Contaminating Several Vegetables in Several Traditional Markets in Surabaya." Journal of Parasite Science 7, no. 2 (September 24, 2023): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jops.v7i2.47482.
Abstract:
A total of 100 fresh vegetable samples consisting of yardlong bean, cabbage, lettuce, and lemon basil were purchased from five traditional markets in Surabaya. Each sample was washed with tap water, water washing examined using flotation method to find soil-transmitted helminths. The overall prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths contamination was 41% (41/100). The most predominant parasite was hookworms (20%), followed by Strongyloides stercoralis larvae (14%) and Ascaris lumbricoides eggs (7%). The highest prevalence of contamination was found in lettuce, with a prevalence rate of 56% (14/25), while the lowest prevalence of contamination was found in yardlong bean, with a prevalence rate of 24% (6/25). Sequentially, the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths contamination of fresh vegetable samples from Pabean traditional market (55%), Keputran traditional market (50%), Wonokromo traditional market (50%), Lakarsantri traditional market (35%) and Mulyosari traditional market (15%), respectively. The present study demonstrated that consumption of vegetables with parasite contamination in this area represents a potential route for the transmission of soil-transmitted helminths infection.
3
Stien, J. L., and J. Schwartzbrod. "Experimental Contamination of Vegetables with Helminth Eggs." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 9 (September 1, 1990): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0066.
Abstract:
In countries with limited water resources, the agricultural use of treated wastewater represents an interesting alternative. A recently published international report (Engelberg report 1985) shows the importance of strict parasitological criteria for such reuse. In this study we have tested the survival of Ascaris eggs on different edible crops (lettuce, radishes, chives) and in different soils (clay, sand, silt) irrigated with water artificially contaminated. Leaves and roots from vegetables, surface and deep samples from soil were analyzed. In the soil the survival of Ascaris eggs is dependent on 2 factors : exposure to sunlight and soil type. Up to 20 days the Ascaris egg survival is significant,after which time it decreases quickly. In vegetable samples 10 days after the contamination by spraying no eggs are found on leaves of any crops. In roots samples after 10 days the Ascaris recovery is dependent on type of vegetables. These differences could be explained by different radicular system. After 45 days, the decrease is similar for all the crops. These results underline the importance of parasitological criteria for the agricultural wastewater reuse.
4
Paller, Vachel Gay V., Constance Aurelle Macalinao-Ramirez, and Modesto Z. Bandal. "Environmental contamination with parasites in selected rural farms in the Philippines: impacts of farming practices on leafy greens food safety." Parasitology 149, no. 4 (December 6, 2021): 482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182021002031.
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AbstractFresh vegetables are an important part of a healthy diet, however, they can also be agents of transmission of intestinal parasites. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of parasite contamination in vegetable farms as a source of transmission in selected rural communities in Laguna, Philippines. A total of 168 vegetable, 55 soil and 15 water samples collected from four selected farms and a reference farm were processed through various standard parasitological techniques. Of these, 17.3% of vegetables, 47.3% soil and 73.3% water samples were found contaminated with parasites’ eggs or cysts. Interestingly, leafy vegetables, such as lettuce, were found to be more contaminated. Results showed that strongylids/hookworms (egg/larva) showed the highest prevalence in farm soil (38.2%) and vegetable (13.1%); other helminth parasite eggs were also recovered such as Toxocara sp., Ascaris sp., Trichiuris, Trichostrongylus sp. and protozoan cysts of Balantidium coli. Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts of and Giardia sp. cysts were observed in all water samples in the farms. Furthermore, results revealed that some farming practices such as the use of improperly treated animals manure as fertilizers, unhygienic practice of farmers and sanitation issues were factors that contribute to parasite contamination in the farms. These findings have implications on food safety in poor-resource communities posing public health risks. Recommendations were discussed in the study for the control and prevention of parasite contamination at the farm level.
5
Natvig, Erin E., Steven C. Ingham, Barbara H. Ingham, Leslie R. Cooperband, and Teryl R. Roper. "Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli Contamination of Root and Leaf Vegetables Grown in Soils with Incorporated Bovine Manure." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 6 (June 2002): 2737–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.6.2737-2744.2002.
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ABSTRACT Bovine manure, with or without added Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (three strains), was incorporated into silty clay loam (SCL) and loamy sand (LS) soil beds (53- by 114-cm surface area, 17.5 cm deep) and maintained in two controlled-environment chambers. The S. enterica serovar Typhimurium inoculum was 4 to 5 log CFU/g in manure-fertilized soil. The conditions in the two environmental chambers, each containing inoculated and uninoculated beds of manure-fertilized soil, simulated daily average Madison, Wis., weather conditions (hourly temperatures, rainfall, daylight, and humidity) for a 1 March or a 1 June manure application and subsequent vegetable growing seasons ending 9 August or 28 September, respectively. Core soil samples were taken biweekly from both inoculated and uninoculated soil beds in each chamber. Radishes, arugula, and carrots were planted in soil beds, thinned, and harvested. Soils, thinned vegetables, and harvested vegetables were analyzed for S. enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli (indigenous in manure). After the 1 March manure application, S. enterica serovar Typhimurium was detected at low levels in both soils on 31 May, but not on vegetables planted 1 May and harvested 12 July from either soil. After the 1 June manure application, S. enterica serovar Typhimurium was detected in SCL soil on 7 September and on radishes and arugula planted in SCL soil on 15 August and harvested on 27 September. In LS soil, S. enterica serovar Typhimurium died at a similar rate (P ≥ 0.05) after the 1 June manure application and was less often detected on arugula and radishes harvested from this soil compared to the SCL soil. Pathogen levels on vegetables were decreased by washing. Manure application in cool (daily average maximum temperature of <10°C) spring conditions is recommended to ensure that harvested vegetables are not contaminated with S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. Manure application under warmer (daily average maximum temperature >20°C) summer conditions is not recommended when vegetable planting is done between the time of manure application and late summer. A late fall manure application will not increase the risk of contaminating vegetables planted the next spring, since further experiments showed that repeated freeze-thaw cycles were detrimental to the survival of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium and E. coli in manure-fertilized soil. The number of indigenous E. coli in soil was never significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, suggesting its usefulness as an indicator organism for evaluating the risk of vegetable contamination with manure-borne S. enterica serovar Typhimurium.
6
Mununga Katebe, Félicien, Pierre Raulier, Gilles Colinet, Mylor Ngoy Shutcha, Michel Mpundu Mubemba, and M. Haïssam Jijakli. "Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution of Agricultural Soil, Irrigation Water, and Vegetables in and Nearby the Cupriferous City of Lubumbashi, (Democratic Republic of the Congo)." Agronomy 13, no. 2 (January 26, 2023): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020357.
Abstract:
Lubumbashi (DR Congo)—the capital of copper mining—has been considered as one of the richest mining regions of the world for more than a decade. These riches have brought along multiple mining companies responsible for soil, river water and vegetable pollution, as in many African cities. The aim of the present study was to quantify and evaluate the pollution levels and the potential sources of soil, irrigation water and vegetable contamination by the metals As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Co and Zn in the urban gardens of Lubumbashi (DR Congo). The contamination, pollution and enrichment levels of the gardens were determined based on different indices in order to rank the soils. The results show that soils, waters and vegetables present contamination levels that represent a serious concern for human health. All soils presented contamination indices ranging from low (72% of the soils) to very high (3.4% of the soils) metal (copper, lead, zinc) contamination. The Cu and Cd contents varied between 1355 mg/kg et 236 mg/kg, much higher than the World Health Organisation (WHO) thresholds (100 mg/kg for Cu and 2 mg/kg for Cd). Moreover, the water used for crop and garden irrigation presented high Pb (57% of the waters), Fe (52%), Cu (19%) and Cd (10%) contamination levels, above the Association Française de Normalisation (AFNOR) U4441 toxicity thresholds (2 mg/kg for Cu; 0.1 mg/kg for Fe and 0.01 mg/kg for Pb) for crop irrigation. Finally, the vegetables produced in these gardens and sold in the local markets had very high metal content (47% contained Cu; 100% contained copper and cobalt) above the WHO standard (10 mg/kg for Cu, 2 mg/kg for Cd and 1 mg/kg for Co) for human consumption. In the face of these issues, it would be preferable to consider cheaper, more sustainable techniques that reduce soil-to-plant metal transfer.
7
McBride, M. B. "Arsenic and Lead Uptake by Vegetable Crops Grown on Historically Contaminated Orchard Soils." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/283472.
Abstract:
Transfer of Pb and As into vegetables grown on orchard soils historically contaminated by Pb arsenate pesticides was measured in the greenhouse. Lettuce, carrots, green beans, and tomatoes were grown on soils containing a range of total Pb (16.5–915 mg/kg) and As (6.9–211 mg/kg) concentrations. The vegetables were acid-digested and analyzed for total Pb and As using ICP-mass spectrometry. Vegetable contamination was dependent on soil total Pb and As concentrations, pH, and vegetable species. Arsenic concentrations were the highest in lettuce and green beans, lower in carrots, and much lower in tomato fruit. Transfer of Pb into lettuce and beans was generally lower than that of As, and Pb and As were strongly excluded from tomato fruit. Soil metal concentrations as high as 400 mg/kg Pb and 100 mg/kg As produced vegetables with concentrations of Pb and As below the limits of international health standards.
8
Mustăţea, Gabriel, Nastasia Belc, Elena Loredana Ungureanu, Radu Lăcătuşu, Jana Petre, and Augustina Pruteanu. "Heavy metals contamination of the soil – water – vegetables chain in the Ilfov region." E3S Web of Conferences 112 (2019): 03030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911203030.
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Dietary exposure to several heavy metals such as Cd, Cr, Pb, As represents a risk to human health through the consumption of vegetables. Due to the possible risks for the human body, contamination of soils as well as drinking and irrigation water has been the subject of many researches. In this study, the analysis of heavy metals content from soil, water and vegetable samples from households in Ilfov County it was carried out. As a result, no contamination of soil and water with heavy metals was observed. Cadmium content is above the maximum allowable limit for all analyzed vegetables, excepting cabbage and green onion. Two lettuce samples have an alarmingly high content of lead, the values being even 10 times higher than the maximum admissible limit of 0.3 mg/kg. The high values obtained for chromium content in lettuce and radish samples raise serious questions about possible contamination. Arsenic content values ranged between 0.87 and 7.69 mg/kg, which also represents high values. Based on the transfer factor (TF) calculated the strongest accumulation of the metals was in lettuce.
9
Yahia, Samah H., Samia E. Etewa, Abd Allah A. Al Hoot, Salwa Z. Arafa, Nesreen S. Saleh, Mohamed H. Sarhan, Suzan I. Rashad, and Shimaa S. Hassan. "Investigating the Occurrence of Soil-Transmitted Parasites Contaminating Soil, Vegetables, and Green Fodder in the East of Nile Delta, Egypt." Journal of Parasitology Research 2023 (June 6, 2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6300563.
Abstract:
Background. Food-borne parasites are major sources of human and animal illness, posing severe health risks in places with contaminated soil, poor water quality, cleanliness, and poor sanitation. The usage of untreated organic fertilizers arising from the excreta of the parasites’ definitive hosts either man or animal pollutes the agricultural soil and is reflected in its products of vegetables and green fodders causing serious health problems. Therefore, to the best of our knowledge, this will be the first study that investigated the combination of parasitic contamination of the agricultural soil and its products of raw eaten vegetables and green fodder in East Nile Delta, Egypt. Aim. The purpose of this study was to investigate the type and degree of contamination caused by parasites in regularly used raw vegetables, green fodder, and soil samples collected from open fields in Egypt’s East Nile Delta. Study Procedures. A cross-sectional study comprised a simple random collection of 400 soil samples, 180 green fodder samples, and as well as 400 vegetable samples, including lettuce, radish, coriander, parsley, dill, watercress, tomatoes, green pepper, cucumber, and carrot, that were gathered throughout one year period from January to December 2021 to represent all seasons (winter, spring, summer, and autumn). The research locations were chosen from various open green fields and farming regions in Egypt’s East Nile Delta producing ready-to-eat vegetables for human consumptions and planting green fodder for animal feeding. Concentrations, including sedimentation, and flotation, and staining techniques were used to recover the greatest number of parasitic life forms. The parasitic structures discovered were identified using biometric and imaging data and compared with known parasite morphology. Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS software version 22 (IBM, Chicago, IL, USA). Data were presented in numbers and percentages. P -values equal to or less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. The difference in parasitic contamination among the different categories was compared using the chi-square test. Results. In this investigation, 243 out of 400 soil samples (60.7%) confirmed positive for parasitic contamination ( P < 0.05 ). Various parasitic life forms were significantly found in 249 out of 400 (62.25%) of the vegetable samples, with (65.1%) of them harboring one parasite species, whereas 9.2% significantly contained up to three parasites. Ascaris eggs, Trichuris eggs, and Giardia cysts were the most prevalent parasites, which were predominantly isolated from vegetables with uneven surfaces. 109 of 180 (60.0%) green fodder samples confirmed insignificantly positive for parasitic pollution. The proportion of parasite contamination in vegetable samples was insignificant although the highest was in spring (29.3%), followed by summer (27.7%), whereas it is significant in autumn (24.5%). The prevalence rate was the lowest in winter (20.1%). Conclusion and Recommendations. Our findings demonstrated a significant load of parasites notably the soil-transmitted parasitic infection in raw vegetables and green fodder cultivated in open fields as well as in their mother soil in the east of the Nile Delta, Egypt. These results confirm the urgent need to deploy strict control measures to the soil, especially during the pre-harvest period of raw eaten vegetables and green fodder, a critical step in reducing food-borne transmission of soil-transmitted parasites to man and animals.
10
INGHAM, STEVEN C., MELODY A. FANSLAU, REBECCA A. ENGEL, JEFFRY R. BREUER, JANE E. BREUER, THOMAS H. WRIGHT, JUDITH K. REITH-ROZELLE, and JUN ZHU. "Evaluation of Fertilization-to-Planting and Fertilization-to-Harvest Intervals for Safe Use of Noncomposted Bovine Manure in Wisconsin Vegetable Production." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 6 (June 1, 2005): 1134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.6.1134.
Abstract:
Fresh bovine manure was mechanically incorporated into loamy sand and silty clay loam Wisconsin soils in April 2004. At varying fertilization-to-planting intervals, radish, lettuce, and carrot seeds were planted; crops were harvested 90, 100, 110 or 111, and 120 days after manure application. As an indicator of potential contamination with fecal pathogens, levels of Escherichia coli in the manure-fertilized soil and presence of E. coli on harvested vegetables were monitored. From initial levels of 4.0 to 4.2 log CFU/g, E. coli levels in both manure-fertilized soils decreased by 2.4 to 2.5 log CFU/g during the first 7 weeks. However, E. coli was consistently detected from enriched soil samples through week 17, perhaps as a result of contamination by birds and other wildlife. In the higher clay silty clay loam soil, the fertilization-to-planting interval affected the prevalence of E. coli on lettuce but not on radishes and carrots. Root crop contamination was consistent across different fertilization-to-harvest intervals in silty clay loam, including the National Organic Program minimum fertilization-to-harvest interval of 120 days. However, lettuce contamination in silty clay loam was significantly (P < 0.10) affected by fertilization-to-harvest interval. Increasing the fertilization-to-planting interval in the lower clay loamy sand soil decreased the prevalence of E. coli on root crops. The fertilization-to-harvest interval had no clear effect on vegetable contamination in loamy sand. Overall, these results do not provide grounds for reducing the National Organic Program minimum fertilization-to-harvest interval from the current 120-day standard.
11
Hossain, Md Sakhawat, S. M. Abidur Rahman, Md Mizanur Rahman, Md Ali Muztaba, and Uttam Ray. "Arsenic Contamination in Soil, Vegetable, Groundwater, and Riverine Fish Species in Joypurhat, Bangladesh." Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues (IJSEI) 3, no. 1 (April 29, 2022): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47540/ijsei.v3i1.427.
Abstract:
Arsenic contamination is one of the major concerns today in Bangladesh. Various potential and threatening health risks for humankind could be occurred due to the consumption of Arsenic which has mixed with the food chain like fish and vegetables. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed 100 samples of deep tube well water, sediment, soil, vegetable, and fish samples, collected from five different Upazila of Joypurhat district in Bangladesh. The farming process, unplanned groundwater consumption, etc. could be marked as the main culprit for arsenic contamination in a region. However, Arsenic concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy followed by the wet digestion method. From this analysis, a shocking result has been found that almost every sample contains arsenic and its level crossed the permissible limit set by WHO guidelines for water and food samples (vegetable and rice) which is an alarming issue for southeast Asian countries.
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Allayarova, Guzel R., Tatiana K. Larionova, Rustem A. Daukaev, Svetlana R. Afonkina, Elvira A. Aukhadieva, Mikhail V. Kurilov, Dmitriy E. Musabirov, Evgeniya E. Zelenkovskaya, and Anna S. Fazlieva. "Accumulation of heavy metals in the soil – plant system in areas with the developed mining industry." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 1203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-11-1203-1208.
Abstract:
Introduction. The proximity of mining enterprises to settlements contributes to the pollution of the soil cover with heavy metals. Crops grown in garden plots accumulate chemical elements and are an intermediate link in the “soil - plant - human” chain. Purpose of the work. Assessment of the level of anthropogenic load on the territory adjacent to the mining enterprise, based on the study of the translocation of metals in the soil - plant system. Materials and methods. For the purpose of hygienic assessment of the chemical composition of the soil and vegetable products grown on it, the content of 7 microelements was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. With the help of the coefficient of concentration of a chemical substance (Kc) and the total indicator of pollution (Zc), the level of chemical contamination of soils was determined. Using the total coefficient of anthropogenic load (Ka.n. = ∑Ci/PDUi), the territory was ranked according to the contamination of vegetables with toxic elements. The rate of accumulation of metals by vegetable crops was assessed by the coefficient of biological absorption (Ax) and the index of biochemical activity of the species (BAS). Results. The soil cover in the district is contaminated with a complex of metals, the content of gross forms of which exceeds the MPC by up to 1.9 times, mobile - up to 4.6 times. At a distance of up to 5 km around the mining enterprise, the maximum indicators of the total soil pollution (Zc = 44-65) have been established. Lead and zinc are elements of “biological accumulation” for all types of studied vegetable products grown in the zone of influence of the mining enterprise; cadmium is additionally concentrated in beets and carrots, and nickel in carrots. In vegetable samples, exceeding the permissible levels of cadmium and lead was noted. The most significant accumulation of heavy metals was found in the southern, southeastern, northern and northwestern directions from emissions. Conclusion. To eliminate the toxic effects of heavy metals in vegetables produced in the zone of influence of mining enterprises, it is recommended to include additional monitoring of nickel and zinc content in the social and hygienic monitoring system.
13
Badamasi, Hamza, Umar Faruk Hassan, Harami Malgwi Adamu, Nasirudeen Mohammed Baba, and Dahiru Ajiya Adamu. "Heavy Metals Contamination Levels in the Vegetables Grown around Riruwai Mining Area, Kano State, Nigeria." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 11, no. 6 (June 30, 2023): 1032–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v11i6.1032-1037.5663.
Abstract:
Vegetables grown in mining areas can accumulate significant amounts of heavy metals (HMs), which can cause serious developmental disorders and have long-term negative effects on public health. In the present study, the HMs contamination level in vegetables grown around the Riruwai mining area in Kano State, Nigeria, was investigated. Fifteen (15) vegetable samples were collected, including lettuce (Lacuta sativa L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), as well as their corresponding soils. The levels of As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in all the samples were determined using Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry, and the measured concentrations were used to calculate the bioaccumulation factor (BAF). The results of the study revealed that HMs concentrations in the investigated vegetables were found to be significantly high, with the majority of levels exceeding the WHO/FAO (2007) recommended limit, and the concentration of HMs in the soil decreased in the order of Zn > Mn > Cr > Pb > As > Ni > Cd > Hg, with As, Pb, and Zn exceeding the WHO/FAO (2001) recommended limit. Pollution levels were found to significantly differ between HMs and vegetable types. BAF results revealed that cadmium is an accumulator of all the studied vegetables (BAFs > 1), while mercury was found to be an accumulator of L. sativa. Higher concentrations of these metals in vegetables and soil, particularly arsenic, cadmium, lead, and zinc, necessitate immediate scientific attention and further research to determine the optimum concentration required for human health. Planting of vegetables for human and animal consumption should be stopped until this is accomplished.
14
FRANCO, TAINARA FERRUGEM, ERICA SOUTO ABREU LIMA, NELSON MOURA BRASIL DO AMARAL SOBRINHO, MARGARIDA GORÉTE FERREIRA DO CARMO, and FARLEY ALEXANDRE DA FONSECA BREDA. "ENRICHMENT AND BIOAVAILABILITY OF TOXIC ELEMENTS IN INTENSIVE VEGETABLE PRODUCTION AREAS1." Revista Caatinga 33, no. 1 (March 2020): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252020v33n114rc.
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ABSTRACT Vegetable cultivation stands out for intensive use of agricultural inputs due to high nutritional requirements of plants within a short period and their high susceptibility to pests and diseases. This study aimed to identify the main factors responsible for changes in pseudo-total and bioavailable contents of Cd, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in soils under intensive vegetable cultivation. Soil samples were collected from 146 sites in Petrópolis (RJ), Brazil, in 2017. The samples were collected at a depth of 0-20 cm in family farm systems during vegetable production period. Pseudo-total contents of toxic elements were determined by the EPA 3050B method. Geochemical fractionation procedure was used based on the BCR method. Pollution indices were also calculated. In general, vegetable producing areas presented low contamination by Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn, and Ni, except for Cd, which showed severe contamination. In areas with the lowest slopes, most of the toxic elements showed increasing contents, reflecting relief influence. Overall, inadequate soil management, intensive application of phosphate, potassium, and organic fertilization, and relief were the most influencing parameters on the enrichment and bioavailability of toxic elements in the soil.
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Jiang, Zhichao, Xiyuan Xiao, Zhaohui Guo, Yunxia Zhang, and Xiaoxiao Huang. "Impact of Vanadium-Containing Stone Coal Smelting on Trace Metals in an Agricultural Soil–Vegetable System: Accumulation, Transfer, and Health Risks." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (January 30, 2023): 2425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032425.
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Dietary exposure to trace metals (TMs) through vegetable consumption has been identified as a potential risk to human health. Fifty-one paired agricultural soil and leaf vegetable samples were collected around V-containing stone coal smelting sites in Hunan Province, China, to study the contamination and transfer characteristics of TMs (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, V, and Zn) in the soil–vegetable system. The health risk to local residents through vegetable ingestion was evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations. The results showed that 96.2%, 23.1%, 53.8%, 30.8%, 96.2%, and 69.2% of the soil samples had Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, V, and Zn contents exceeding their related maximum allowable values, respectively. Cadmium and V were the primary pollutants based on the Igeo values. Moreover, 46.9% and 48.4% of vegetable samples exceeded the maximum permissible levels for Cd and Pb, respectively. There was a negative correlation between the bioaccumulation factors for Cd and V of the vegetable and soil physicochemical properties, including pH, organic matter, and free Fe2O3 content. Ingestion of garland chrysanthemum and pak choi posed high health risks, and Cd, V, and Pb were the primary contributors. These findings will help design strategies to minimize contamination and human exposure to soil–vegetable systems caused by V-containing stone coal smelting.
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Bayissa, Leta Danno, and Hailu Reta Gebeyehu. "Vegetables contamination by heavy metals and associated health risk to the population in Koka area of central Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 12, 2021): e0254236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254236.
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Contaminated soil and vegetables have continued to instigate threat to human health globally and specially in developing countries. This study was aimed to determine concentrations of certain heavy metals in soil and vegetables (cabbage and tomato) from Koka area of central Ethiopia using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP-OES). The amounts of As, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Hg and Co detected in soil samples were found to surpass the reference values for agricultural soil. Similarly, the concentrations of As, Pb, Cd, Cr and Hg obtained in both tomato and cabbage samples have exceeded the recommended values with the mean levels generally ranging from 0.93–6.76, 1.80–7.26, 0.33–1.03, 0.86–5.16 and 3.23–4.36 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. The result obtained have signified that leafy vegetable has hoarded heavy metals more than non-leafy vegetable. The total hazard quote for As and Hg from tomato ingestion and for As, Hg and Co from cabbage ingestion were greater than unity, signifying potential health hazard to the public. The health index (HI) owing to tomato and cabbage ingesting were 5.44 and 14.21, respectively, signifying likely adversative health implication to the population from the ingestion of the vegetables. The Total Cancer Risk (TCR) analysis have uncovered the possible cancer hazard persuaded by Cd, Hg, As and Ni from the ingestion of both vegetables. From the outcomes this study, it can be concluded that the soil and vegetables from Koka areas are possibly contaminated with toxic metals and hence demand strict monitoring to safeguard the public around the study area and beyond.
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Jibrin, M., A. Abdulhameed, A. J. Nayaya, and A. G. Ezra. "Health Risk Effect of Heavy Metals from Pesticides in Vegetables and Soils: A Review." Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 7, no. 3b (January 6, 2022): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/dujopas.v7i3b.3.
Abstract:
Vegetables are vital to the human diet, and in particular provide the well-known nutrients to maintain normal physiological functions. The prolonged application of large amount of pesticides has resulted in heavy metal accumulation in vegetable farms. Exposure to heavy metals by the consumption of contaminated vegetables and its toxicity is a serious concern. This article reviews the effect of pesticides, heavy metals, heavy metals in vegetables, heavy metals in soil and transfer of heavy metals from soil to plants. However, a limited number of studies were found in the data base that examined the reduction of nutrients in vegetables due to heavy metal contamination. The heavy metals were found in leafy and fruit vegetables in different regions of the world and levels were above permissible limits in most of the vegetables. Specific study to human toxicity due to the contamination of heavy metals may be conducted. Furthermore, strategy and policy should be devised to control the heavy metals in vegetables, and those vegetables that are hyper-accumulators of heavy metals should be identified for awareness purposes.
Keywords: Vegetables, Heavy metals, Permissible limit, Toxicity, Contamination and Hyper-accumulators
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Eliseev, Yurii Yu, Igor I. Berezin, Nina N. Pichugina, and Artem K. Sergeev. "Rural population health risks caused by nitrate contamination of locally grown vegetables." Science and Innovations in Medicine 6, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35693/2500-1388-2021-6-4-40-44.
Abstract:
Objectives to assess the levels of health risks in the rural population associated with the consumption of local vegetables contaminated with nitrates.
Material and methods. We established the concentration of nitrates in local vegetables, grown on farms and private subsidiary plots of agricultural areas of the region using a retrospective analysis of the statistics from the Office of Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being (Rospotrebnadzor) in the Saratov region and our own research results. The health risks in the rural population from exposure to nitrates in local vegetables were assessed according to the Risk Assessment Guidelines (R 2.1.10. 1920-04).
Results. It was revealed that local vegetable products are widely used in the diet of the rural population of the agricultural areas of the Saratov region, amounting to 203.422.5 kg/year per adult resident. Significant differences were revealed in the nitrate contamination of vegetables grown by farmers and on private subsidiary plots of agricultural areas of the Saratov region.
Discussion. The high nitrate load detected in vegetable products of farms was determined by a significant amount of fertilizers applied to the soil in the form of ammonium nitrate. On the contrary, the use of special biomass from plants of the legume family by workers of personal subsidiary farms for feeding the growing vegetables, made it possible to obtain vegetable products with a significantly lower quantitative content of nitrates.
Conclusion. The assessment of the hazard coefficients of nitrates in vegetable products of the studied areas testified to the possible effect of the nitrate component on the health of the local population. The individual carcinogenic risk caused by nitrate contamination of local vegetables was assessed as low; the population carcinogenic risk value associated with the presence of nitrates in vegetables had the possibility to contribute from 0.01 to 1.3 additional cases of malignant neoplasms to the general level of oncological morbidity in the population of the surveyed territories.
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Dardona, Zuhair, Mounia Amane, Ayman Dardona, Mohammed Albayoumi, and Samia Boussaa. "Nutritional Significance and Parasitic Contamination of Vegetables: A Comprehensive Review." European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety 15, no. 11 (October 27, 2023): 9–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ejnfs/2023/v15i111352.
Abstract:
Vegetables are plants consumed whole or in parts. Furthermore, they have long been recognized as a significant source of sustenance. The current study reviews vegetables' nutritional attributes and health benefits. This paper also outlines the main parasites that cause vegetable contamination. Moreover, vegetable components, such as leaves, stems, roots, bulbs, seeds, and fruits, can be used to feed humans. In addition, they have relatively few calories to consume regularly. It also contains a lot of water and fiber. The World Health Organization advises consuming 400 grams of non-starchy veggies daily to enhance general health. Vegetables have an essential role in disease prevention and therapy. Their consumption lowers the risk of many cancers, regulates blood pressure and heart disease, avoids blocked arteries, fights obesity, improves cardiovascular health, improves skin health, and promotes digestive health. Nonetheless, vegetables are a major cause of foodborne diseases in both people and animals. It can, for example, constitute a route for the transmission of numerous parasites infections. For instance, they may be a route of transmission for various parasitic pathogens. Several investigations and study projects have documented the contamination of numerous kinds of vegetables with parasites that are liable for transmitting diseases, including Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium spp., Strongyloides spp., Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura, Toxocara spp., Toxoplasma gondii, and plenty of others. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed to explain vegetable contamination with these parasites. Some of these include the use of contaminated water for irrigation, contamination from the soil, exposure to environmental factors like rain and wind, transmission by animals and insects acting as vectors for parasites, contamination during harvesting, processing, and storage, as well as during transportation of vegetables to markets. To mitigate these risks, it is crucial to enhance hygiene practices, promote education and awareness, and foster a clean culture. Additionally, using clean water and proper tools is recommended. Washing vegetables thoroughly before consumption reduces parasite-related infections.
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Li, Changhe, Wenchong Lan, Zhi Jin, Siwen Lu, Jingyu Du, Xindong Wang, Yonghui Chen, and Xuefeng Hu. "Risk of Heavy Metal Contamination in Vegetables Fertilized with Mushroom Residues and Swine Manure." Sustainability 15, no. 14 (July 13, 2023): 10984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151410984.
Abstract:
Mushroom residues and swine manure are two common types of agricultural waste that are often returned to fields as organic fertilizers. However, the environmental risks of their reclamation, such as heavy metal pollution, have been less studied. To investigate the potential risks of heavy metal contamination in soils and vegetables after continuously applying mushroom residues and swine manure, field experiments of four consecutive vegetable rotations were conducted in the Qingpu District of Shanghai, Southeast China, from 2019 to 2021. The concentrations of heavy metals in soils continuously fertilized with mushroom residues and swine manure gradually increased. The organic matter content in the soils exhibited a significant correlation with the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd (p < 0.01), suggesting that the increase in heavy metals is attributed to the use of organic waste. In particular, the application of swine manure increased Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd concentrations in the soils by 118.3%, 54.9%, 57.6%, and 122.2%, respectively. Moreover, the application of organic waste raised the risk of the bioaccumulation of toxic metals, such as Cd, in vegetables. The Cd concentration was significantly and positively correlated with Zn in the edible parts of vegetables (p < 0.05). The recycling of swine manure more significantly enhanced Cd concentrations in the edible parts of green pepper (Capsicum annuum), eggplant (Solanum melongena), Brassica chinensis, and lettuce (Lactuca sativa), which were 2.53, 1.55, 1.66, and 1.62 times that of the non-fertilizer control (CK), respectively. Although the increase in heavy metals in the soils and vegetables was still mild when compared with the set thresholds of soil and food safety after the four vegetable rotations, the trend of increase in toxic heavy metals in the food chain with a continuous application of organic waste should be carefully considered.
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Homa, Dereje, Ermias Haile, and Alemayehu P. Washe. "Determination of Spatial Chromium Contamination of the Environment around Industrial Zones." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7214932.
Abstract:
This study was conducted to determine the spatial levels of chromium contamination of water, agricultural soil, and vegetables in the leather tanning industrial areas using spectrophotometric methods. The results showed elevated accumulation of total Cr ranging from10.85±0.885 mg/L to39.696±0.326 mg/L,16.225±0.12 mg/Kg to1581.667±0.122 mg/Kg, and1.0758±0.05348 mg/Kg to11.75±0.206 mg/Kg in water, agricultural soil, and vegetable samples, respectively. The highest levels of chromium (VI) found from the speciation study were2.23±0.032 mg/Kg and0.322±0.07 mg/L in soil and water samples, respectively, which decreased with distance from the tannery. Among the vegetables, the highest load of Cr(VI) was detected in onion root (0.048±0.065 mg/Kg) and the lowest (0.004±0.007 mg/Kg) in fruit of green pepper. The detected levels of Cr in all of the suggested samples were above the WHO permissible limits. The variations of the levels Cr(III) and Cr(VI) contamination of the environment with distance from the tannery were statistically significant (p=0.05). Similarly, significant difference in the levels of Cr among the tested vegetables was recorded. The levels increased with decreasing distance from the effluent channel.
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Naher, Umme Habiba Bodrun, Md Jawad Hasan, Md Morshedul Hasan, and Md Farhad Ali. "Trace Metal Contamination of Vegetables Grown Near the Tannery Estate in Savar, Bangladesh: Human Health Risk Assessment." Textile & Leather Review 4 (November 17, 2021): 297–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.31881/tlr.2021.28.
Abstract:
Environmental pollution caused by tanneries is a long-term problem in Bangladesh. The present study investigated the levels of five globally alarming trace metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni and Cr) in three commonly consumed leafy vegetables with corresponding soils (spinach – Spinacia oleracea ; broccoli – Brassica oleracea var-italica and stem amaranth – Amaranthus viridis), grown around the tannery estate in Savar, Bangladesh. Both in the soil and the vegetable samples, the observed trend of mean concentration of heavy metals was Cd>Cr>Cu>Ni>Pb. Excluding Cu and Cr in the vegetable samples, the level of all the studied metals in all the samples was higher than the maximum permissible limits set by the WHO. Plant transfer factor (PTF) was calculated in order to evaluate the metal uptake of the vegetables from the soil. PTF was found in increasing sequence of broccoli > stem amaranth > spinach and the trend of metal uptake found was, for spinach: Cu>Pb>Ni>Cr>Cd, for broccoli: Cu>Cr>Pb>Ni>Cd and for stem amaranth: Ni>Cu>Pb>Cr>Cd. Contamination factor (Cf) values revealed that the soil samples were highly contaminated by Cd. The values of the pollution load index (PLI) for spinach and stem amaranth were higher than 1, denoting the polluted state of the soil. To evaluate the potential health risk, target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and target cancer risk (TR) were analysed and the results showed that most of the values were significantly higher than the threshold values. This environmental assessment study should be of use during planning and management that aims to protect human health and the environment.
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Varalakshmi, L. R., and A. N. Ganeshamurthy. "Heavy Metal Contamination of Water Bodies, Soils and Vegetables in Peri-Urban Areas: A Case Study in Bangaluru." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 7, no. 1 (June 30, 2012): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v7i1.392.
Abstract:
A study was conducted in peri-urban Bangaluru (where city wastewater from four water bodies, viz., Bellandur, Varthur, Byramangala and Nagavara tanks, is being used for cultivation of vegetable crops) to assess heavy metal contamination in water, soil and vegetable samples. Analyses revealed that concentration of cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) in waters from all the tanks exceeded recommended levels of 0.01 and 0.1 mg/l, respectively, while content of lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni) are within safe limits. Concentration of Cd was highest in the water of Bellandur tank (0.039 mg/ l) and of Cr was highest in the water of Byramangala tank (0.311 mg/l). Bellandur and Varthur tanks were found highly contaminated with Cd, Pb and Ni. Mean concentration of heavy metals in soils receiving sewage water from the four tanks ranged from 1.92 to 2.9 mg/kg for Cd, 47.04 to 68.12 mg/kg for Pb, 35.08 to 92.78 mg/kg for Cr and 48.2 to 57.3 mg/kg for Ni. Cd and Pb content were highest in soils around Varthur and Bellandur tanks, while, mean concentration of Cr was highest in soils around Byramangala tank. Similar trends were observed for heavy metal content in vegetables. Among the vegetables studied, leafy vegetables accumulated higher concentration of heavy metals, followed by root vegetables. Cd concentration in all the vegetables grown around Varthur and Bellandur tanks exceeded the safe limit prescribed under Prevention of Food Adulteration Act (PFA 1954). Pb and Ni concentration exceeded safe limits in all the vegetables in all the tank areas studied.
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Arakelyan, Rudolf Sergeevich, and Elizaveta Aleksandrovna Stepanenko. "Parasitic contamination of fruit and vegetable products." Glavvrač (Chief Medical Officer), no. 4 (March 20, 2022): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-03-2204-03.
Abstract:
The purpose of the study. To investigate and analyze the parasitic and microbiological contamination of fruit and vegetable products grown and sold on the territory of the Astrakhan Region. Materials and methods. 4,792 food samples were analyzed, 7,776 studies were performed. The share of fruit and vegetable products in the structure of all food products was 62.3 % (n=2,984), of which 2.8 % (n=84) did not meet the norm. The results of the study. In most cases, vegetable products were delivered to the research — 85.7 % (n=2,559), represented by 23 species. The number of samples that did not meet sanitary and parasitological indicators was 2.4 % (n=62), of which the majority, i.e. 90.4 % (n=56) of all positive findings among vegetables, were dead Strongyloides stercoralis larvae, 1.6 % (n=1) were live Strongyloides stercoralis larvae, Toxocara canis and Opisthorchis felineus eggs, Entamoeba histolytica cysts, as well as mixed infections: fertilized eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides + dead larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis and unfertilized eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides + dead larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis. In addition to vegetable products, fruits (3.5 % (n=106) — Figure 2) were delivered to the study. The number of fruit samples that did not meet parasitological indicators was 1.9 % (n=2). Dead larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis were found in all samples. Also, the studies of parasitic contamination of berry products were conducted which accounted for 5.3 % (n=159), represented by 13 species. The percentage of unsatisfactory samples was 4.4 % (n=7): dead Strongyloides stercoralis larvae were found in 57.2 % (n=4), Opisthorchis felineus eggs — in 28.6 % (n=2) and mixed infections (Toxocara canis eggs + dead Strongyloides stercoralis larva) — in 14.2 % (n=1). Finally, the samples of table greens were delivered to the laboratory for research accounting for 5.2 % (n=155), of which 4.5 % (n=7) did not meet the hygiene standards: dead larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis and eggs of Enterobius vermicularis were found in 85.7 % (n=6) and 14.3 % (n=1), accordingly. Conclusions. Positive findings (helminth eggs and larvae) were more often found in the samples of fruit and vegetable products and table greens that had direct contact with the ground. The presence of positive findings in the samples of fruit and vegetable products indicates the contamination of these products with feces of infected animals (dead larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis and eggs of Toxocara canis) and humans (eggs of Opisthorchis felineus, Ascaris lumbricoides, and Enterobius vermicularis and cysts of Entamoeba histolytica). The presence of helminth eggs (Opisthorchis felineus, Ascaris lumbricoides and Enterobius vermicularis eggs) and cysts of pathogenic intestinal protozoa (Entamoeba histolytica) indicates the contamination of manure with feces of infected people. The presence of dead Strongyloides stercoralis larvae in the studied apple samples indicates that the soil was contaminated with the feces of infected animals, as well as that these samples were taken directly from the contaminated soil, not from the tree. According to microbiological indicators, the studied samples met the safety requirements. Coliform bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms were not detected. QMA&OAMO, yeast and molds are within the permissible limits of 1×10⁴ (for QMA&OAMO), 1×10² (for molds and yeast).
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Pandey, Mohineeta, Astha Tirkey, Ankesh Tiwari, Sang Soo Lee, Rashmi Dubey, Ki Hyun Kim, and Sudhir Kumar Pandey. "The Environmental Significance of Contaminants of Concern in the Soil–Vegetable Interface: Sources, Accumulation, Health Risks, and Mitigation through Biochar." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (November 4, 2022): 14539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114539.
Abstract:
Vegetable consumption is considered as an important part of the human diet as it serves as an essential source of vitamins, nutrients, and minerals. In this regard, the demand for new technologies and ideas in the agricultural sector has grown steadily to help expand the production of vegetable crops. The uptake and accumulation of trace elements (TEs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) as contaminants in vegetables have been accelerated by man-made activities. The dietary intake of these contaminated vegetables often poses significant human health risks. To counteract this, mitigation strategies in the form of environmental amendments have received increasing attention in the last decade. The incorporation of amendments in the form of biochar has been shown to reduce the uptake of contaminants in the soil and their accumulation in vegetables. The present review is organized to offer an overview of the occurrence and sources of important contaminants of concern particularly associated with vegetable plants. The factors influencing their uptake and accumulation in the edible parts of vegetable plants are discussed briefly along with the human health risk imposed via the consumption of contaminated vegetables. Furthermore, this review also explores feasible mitigation strategies through the use of biochar for these contaminants, along with future perspectives for addressing this issue of food contamination.
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Aflizar, Muzakkir, Roni Afrizal, and Muhammad Azadur Rahman. "Geochemical Investigation of Selected Elements in an Agricultural Soil: Case Study in Sumani Watershed West Sumatera in Indonesia." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 21, no. 1 (January 6, 2017): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2016.v21i1.49-66.
Abstract:
This paper presents the geochemical study of agricultural soil and river sediments along Sumani watershed, West Sumatra in Indonesia. We examined the distribution and abundances of 16 elements (Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr,V, Sr, Rb, Ce, Th, Zr, Si, Ti, Fe Ca, and P) in vegetable soil, sawah soil =and river sediment sample, to evaluate the factors controlling their abundances, possible sources, and environmental implications. Average concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr,V, Sr, Rb, Ce, Th, Zr at vegetable (1) soil were 38, 88.3, 38.7, 3, 8, 101, 96, 98, 87, 31 and 218 mg kg-1 , 26, 39.05, 8.8, 13.5, 31, 231.5, 37, 19, 78, 16 and 303.5 mg kg-1 at sawah soil (3, 4) and 30, 61.6, 35.7, 9, 22, 294, 65, 12, 78, 14 and 232 mg kg-1 at river sediment (2), respectively. The concentration of Pb, Rb, Th and Zr at upland vegetables, V and Zr at sawah soil and river sediment were mostly two time Sumatra BCSCST or BCC in several samples. Enrichment factor values showed low to moderate enrichment of Pb, Zn, Cu, Rb, Ce and Zr, whereas Th showed significant contamination at vegetables soil, suggesting contributions from anthropogenic sources. Anthropogenic contributions of most metals mainly originate from natural processes. However, Pb, Ce, Th and Zr ranges of 527–108, 41-89, 66-117 and 35-100%, respectively, at Vegetable and sawah soil and river sediment confirm their anthropogenic contribution. Factor analysis and correlation matrices suggested that elevated metal concentrations at agricultural soil in Sumaniwatershed might be controlled by pH, CEC, Fe-oxy-hydroxides. Deposition of metals at vegetable and sawah soil and river sediment might be controlled by non-ferrous metal (i.e., aluminosilicates), sediment grain size, or source rock composition (andesite, alluvial fan, undifferentiated volcanic material, granite and gneiss).Keyword: Agricultural soil, anthropogenic activities, enrichment factor, metals source, river sediment, watershed trace [How to Cite: Aflizar, Muzakkir, R Afrizal and MA Rahman. 2016. Geochemical Investigation of Selected Elements in an Agricultural Soil: Case Study in Sumani Watershed West Sumatera in Indonesia. J Trop Soils 21: 49-66. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2016.21.1.49]
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Zhuang, Ping, Shuo Sun, Yingwen Li, Feng Li, Bi Zou, Yongxing Li, Hui Mo, and Zhian Li. "Oral Bioaccessibility and Exposure Risk of Metal(loid)s in Local Residents Near a Mining-Impacted Area, Hunan, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 8 (July 25, 2018): 1573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081573.
Abstract:
Metal(loid) contamination of food crops and soils resulting from mining activities has been a major concern due to the potential risk to humans. In this study, a total of 36 rice (home-grown and market rice), 38 vegetable, 10 drinking water, 4 river water, 18 soils and 30 urine samples were collected from an abandoned mining area or the local residents in China. Results showed that metal(loid) levels in some of the soil and drinking water samples exceeded the Chinese standard. Rice Cd concentration, rice Pb levels, and vegetable Pb levels exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations in 49%, 68%, and 42% of the samples, respectively. In gastric phases, the average Cd, Pb and As bioaccessibilities in rice were 72%, 70%, and 82%. In gastrointestinal phases, the average Cd, Pb and As bioaccessibilities in rice were 49%, 39%, and 94%. Vegetables (pak choi was selected) showed lower metal(loid) bioaccessibility than rice. The median concentrations of Cd, Pb and As in urine were 3.99, 4.82 and 64.8 µg L−1, respectivley. Rice had the highest contribution rates of Cd and Pb for daily intake, accounting for 114% and 210%, respectively. Vegetables contributed less, and very little contribution came from drinking water. Based on the bioaccessibility data, metal(loid) contamination around the mining area poses a great exposure risk to the local residents through consumption of food crops.
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Oshunsanya, Suarau Odutola, and Tolafe Olayinka Adeniran. "Water Quality and Crop Contamination in Peri-Urban Agriculture." Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 47, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ats-2014-0013.
Abstract:
Abstract The quality of untreated water used by dry season vegetable growers determines the safety of the vegetables produced for human consumption. Traditionally, small scale vegetable farmers site their farms along banks of streams which gradually dry up during the dry season resulting in isolated pockets of ponds at different intervals along the path of the streams which are used by farmers to irrigate. A field experiment was initiated at Ibadan to ascertain the quality of irrigation water used to produce vegetables along Ona-stream during the dry season. Five isolated ponds and one locally dug well were sampled and analysed to ascertain the heavy metals status. Results of soil analysis from five farms (A - E) sited very close to the stream revealed high concentrations of heavy metals ranging from 0.96 to 2.34 mg kg-1 for Pb, 0.72 to 2.16 mg kg-1 for Cr and 0.30 to 0.92 mg kg-1 for Co while farmland F sited about 90m away from the stream was free of Pb, Cr and Co contaminants. Locally dug well F water was free of Cr, Co and Pb while isolated ponds had Cr, Co and Pb in the range of 0.01 to 0.23 mg kg-1 which is beyond safe consumption thresholds. There were strong correlations between heavy metals in water and vegetable for Cr (0.992**), Cd (0.599**), Ni (0.614*) and Pb (0.552**) indicating that the hygienic status of dry season vegetables is largely determined by the quality of irrigation water. In addition, all vegetables irrigated with untreated isolated ponds contained Cd, Pb and Ni concentrations above maximum permissible standard which could pose risk to human health. Therefore, farmers should be enlightened on the need to use hygienic water for irrigation. Construction of shallow wells on the farms instead of using contaminated stream water directly could be a better option for healthy and sustainable agriculture.
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Zhang, Mei Jian, Wei Jun Fu, Zhuo Jing Fu, and Zhi Qun Gao. "Mercury and other Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil-Vegetation System around Compact Fluorescent Lamp Production Town in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 1446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.1446.
Abstract:
There is an increasing concern about heavy metal contamination in farmland in China and worldwide.In order to reveal the spatial features of heavy metals in the soil-vegetable system in the CFL manufacturing area, a total of 18 pairs of soil and vegetable samples were collected from Gaohong, Southeastern China. Most of the heavy metals in soil were much higher than its corresponding background value in Zhejiang province,Most of the heavy metals in the vegetable exceeded the Safe Agricultural Product Standard in China.Compared to other heavy metals, Hg had the highest enrichment index. The CFL manufacturing companies were the main source of heavy metal Hg pollution in this area. There are strong correlation between THg in soil and vegetable.
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Anh, N. Thi Lan, D. Thi Thu Thuy, D. Huu Hoan, N. Thi Hop, and D. Trung Dung. "Levels of Toxocara infections in dogs and cats from urban Vietnam together with associated risk factors for transmission." Journal of Helminthology 90, no. 4 (July 30, 2015): 508–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x15000619.
Abstract:
AbstractThe aims of the present study were to assess the prevalence of Toxocara infection in household cats and dogs, together with the presence of anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies in humans and the level of egg contamination in soil and vegetable samples from the local environment. Prevalence values of 47.8% of 253 cats and 37.7% of 284 dogs were recorded, together with 35.8% of eggs in soil samples, 25.0% in garden vegetables and in 56.3% of 16 dog-hair samples. The risk of the infection was higher for dogs and cats in households with egg-contaminated soil compared to those without evidence of soil contamination. The high prevalence of dog and cat Toxocara infection and their indiscriminate defecation behaviour contribute to a significant risk of transmission to humans as 58.7% of human blood samples were seropositive for Toxocara. Anthelmintic treatment of dogs and cats, plus educating household members, must be emphasized in any prevention programme in Vietnam.
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Sousa, Jeovana Dos Santos, Marianna Menezes Santos, Brenda Neves dos Santos, Neuza Maria Miranda dos Santos, and Laise Cedraz Pinto. "Agricultura em Áreas Industriais e Contaminação por Metais Pesados: Estratégias para redução deste Impacto Ambiental." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 14, no. 1 (April 20, 2021): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v14.1.p322-331.
Abstract:
Concentrações elevadas de metais pesados podem ocorrer em áreas próximas de complexos industriais e em solos ao redor das áreas de mineração, o que pode se estender para alimentos agrícolas, causando efeitos adversos na saúde da população, danos ecológicos, além de implicar em bioacumulação. Devido à facilidade de dispersão dos metais pesados no meio ambiente, especialmente na agricultura que adentra à cadeia alimentar, o objetivo desse estudo foi revisar dados sobre esta contaminação em vegetais cultivados em áreas industriais e identificar possíveis estratégias para minimizar o impacto ambiental. Vários estudos apontam que solos e vegetais cultivados próximos de áreas industriais apresentam elevadas concentrações de metais pesados, sendo ainda maior proporcionalmente à proximidade da área poluente. Dentre os tipos de vegetais, os folhosos foram os que apresentaram maior teor de contaminação de metais do que os vegetais frutados ou de raiz, o que aponta que, além do solo, a contaminação atmosférica influencia no vegetal exposto. Além disto, existe correlação entre espécie vegetal e biodisponibilidade/absorção de determinados metais em detrimento a outros. É notório que o cultivo de produtos agrícolas em áreas industriais e circunvizinhas é uma prática que põe em risco potencial de toxicidade a população que utiliza estes produtos como alimento. Algumas estratégias podem ser adotadas com intuito de minimizar a contaminação, dentre estas, técnicas naturais de manejo de cultivo de vegetais, seleção de tipos de vegetais com menor possibilidade de toxicidade para áreas específicas, técnicas para aumentar fatores de proteção do vegetal e descontaminação do solo, controle e fiscalização efetivos nos efluentes industriais. Agriculture in Industrial Areasand Heavy Metal Contamination: Strategies to reduce this Environmental Impact A B S T R A C TContamination by heavy metals can occur in locations close to industrial complexes and in soils around mining areas, which can extend to agricultural foods, causing adverse effects on the population's health, ecological damage, in addition to resulting in bioaccumulation. Heavy metals are rapidly dispersed in the environment, especially in agriculture that enters the food chain. Thus, the objective of this study was to review this contamination in vegetables grown in industrial areas and to identify possible strategies to minimize the socio-environmental impact. Many studies show that soils and vegetables cultivated close to industrial areas have high concentrations of heavy metals, being even greater in proportion to the proximity of the polluting area. Among the types of vegetables, the leafy ones were those that had a higher content of metal contamination than fruity or root vegetables, which indicates that, in addition to the soil, atmospheric contamination influences the exposed plant. In addition, there is a correlation between plant species and bioavailability of certain specific metals. The cultivation of agricultural products in industrial and surrounding areas is a practice that poses a potential risk of toxicity to the population that consumes these products as food. Some strategies can be adopted in order to minimize contamination, among them, natural techniques for handling vegetable cultivation, selection of types of vegetables with less possibility of toxicity for specific areas, techniques to increase plant protection factors and soil decontamination, effective control and inspection in industrial effluentsKeywords: heavy metals; soil contamination; industrial areas, agriculture, agroecology.
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GURTLER, JOSHUA B., MICHAEL P. DOYLE, MARILYN C. ERICKSON, XIUPING JIANG, PATRICIA MILLNER, and MANAN SHARMA. "Composting To Inactivate Foodborne Pathogens for Crop Soil Application: A Review." Journal of Food Protection 81, no. 11 (October 15, 2018): 1821–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-217.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Compost is organic material that has been degraded into a nutrient-stabilized humus-like substance through intense microbial activity, which can provide essential plant nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus) to aid in the growth of fruits and vegetables. Compost can be generated from animal waste feedstocks; these can contain human pathogens, which can be inactivated through the heat and microbial competition promoted during the composting process. Outbreaks of infections caused by bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes on fruit and vegetable commodities consumed raw emphasize the importance of minimizing the risk of pathogenic contamination on produce commodities. This review article investigates factors that affect the reduction and survival of bacterial foodborne pathogens during the composting process. Interactions with indigenous microorganisms, carbon:nitrogen ratios, and temperature changes influence pathogen survival, growth, and persistence in finished compost. Understanding the mechanisms of pathogen survival during the composting process and mechanisms that reduce pathogen populations can minimize the risk of pathogen contamination in the cultivation of fruits and vegetables.
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Mennan, Husrev, Khawar Jabran, Bernard H. Zandstra, and Firat Pala. "Non-Chemical Weed Management in Vegetables by Using Cover Crops: A Review." Agronomy 10, no. 2 (February 11, 2020): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020257.
Abstract:
Vegetables are a substantial part of our lives and possess great commercial and nutritional value. Weeds not only decrease vegetable yield but also reduce their quality. Non-chemical weed control is important both for the organic production of vegetables and achieving ecologically sustainable weed management. Estimates have shown that the yield of vegetables may be decreased by 45%–95% in the case of weed–vegetable competition. Non-chemical weed control in vegetables is desired for several reasons. For example, there are greater chances of contamination of vegetables by herbicide residue compared to cereals or pulse crops. Non-chemical weed control in vegetables is also needed due to environmental pollution, the evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds and a strong desire for organic vegetable cultivation. Although there are several ways to control weeds without the use of herbicides, cover crops are an attractive choice because these have a number of additional benefits (such as soil and water conservation) along with the provision of satisfactory and sustainable weed control. Several cover crops are available that may provide excellent weed control in vegetable production systems. Cover crops such as rye, vetch, or Brassicaceae plants can suppress weeds in rotations, including vegetables crops such as tomato, cabbage, or pumpkin. Growers should also consider the negative effects of using cover crops for weed control, such as the negative allelopathic effects of some cover crop residues on the main vegetable crop.
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Ovsyankina, Sofia, Sergei Khizhnyak, Polina Abolentseva, and Elena Oleynikova. "Soil bacteria – potential contaminants of vegetable oils." АгроЭкоИнфо 6, no. 54 (December 31, 2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/202126640.
Abstract:
Bacterial strains capable of using vegetable oil as the sole source of carbon have been isolated from the soil by the enrichment culture method followed by isolation into pure cultures. Using MALDI TOF mass spectrometry, representatives of the genera Acinetobacter (Acinetobacter pittii), Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas antarctica, Pseudomonas koreensis), Rhodococcus (Rhodococcus erythropolis) were identified. To the share of the representatives of the genus Acinetobacter accounted for 25% of the isolated strains, representatives of the genera Pseudomonas and Rhodococcus - 37.5% of isolated strains each. Rhodococcus erythropolis has been shown to grow in vegetable oil at the temperature range of 12°C to 35°C with a generation time of about 16 hours at 12°C and about 11 hours at 35°C. The growth curve corresponds to diauxia. Keywords: VEGETABLE OIL, SOIL BACTERIA, CONTAMINATION, ACINETOBACTER PITTII, PSEUDOMONAS ANTARCTICA, PSEUDOMONAS KOREENSIS, RHODOCOCCUS ERYTHROPOLIS
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Ghezzi, Lisa, Simone Arrighi, Riccardo Petrini, Monica Bini, Livia Vittori Antisari, Fabrizio Franceschini, Maria Letizia Franchi, and Roberto Giannecchini. "Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater, Soil and the Food-Chain: Risk Management in a Densely Populated Area (Versilia Plain, Italy)." Applied Sciences 13, no. 9 (April 27, 2023): 5446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13095446.
Abstract:
This study deals with arsenic distribution in groundwater, soil and edible vegetables in the densely populated area of the Versilia Plain (Tuscany region, Italy), addressing potential impacts on people’s health. The data revealed high As concentrations in some domestic irrigation wells, exceeding 1200 µg/L. The average As concentration in topsoil and subsoil was 39 and 46 mg/kg, respectively, with the highest concentration reaching about 200 mg/kg. Arsenic concentrates in plant roots compared with the edible parts; in tomato fruits, black cabbage leaves and edible leek parts As reached about 0.2 mg/kg, 0.4 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg, respectively. Geochemical and hydrostratigraphic data suggest that As in soils and alluvial sediments originated from mineralized and historical upstream mining areas. The exposure routes for both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk assessment here considered include soil ingestion, dermal absorption, soil dust inhalation and vegetable consumption. For non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects, the hazard was higher than the acceptance threshold. The calculated soil screening levels resulted even lower than the guideline soil-concentration imposed by Italian regulations, and this poses an issue on the actual meaning of arsenic regulatory thresholds.
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Guo, Guanghui, Degang Zhang, and Yuntao Wang. "Probabilistic Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Intake via Vegetable Consumption around Pb/Zn Smelters in Southwest China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 18 (September 5, 2019): 3267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183267.
Abstract:
Vegetable contamination in mining and smelting areas has resulted in high dietary intakes of heavy metals, which pose potential health risks to local residents. In this study, paired soil-vegetable samples were collected around Pb/Zn smelters in Southwest China. Probabilistic risks to local residents via vegetable consumption were evaluated with a Monte Carlo simulation. The mean concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the soils were 116.76, 3.59, 158.56, 196.96, and 236.74 mg/kg, respectively. About 38.18%, 58.49%, and 52.83% of the vegetable samples exceeded the maximum allowable concentrations for As, Cd, and Pb, respectively. The daily dietary intake of As, Cd, and Pb exceeded the provisional tolerable daily intakes for local residents, with children showing the highest intake via vegetable consumption. The percentages of the target hazard quotients of As, Cd, and Pb for local residents exceeding the safe value of one were about 95%, 50%, and 25%, respectively. The 95th percentiles of the hazard index for children, adolescents, and adults were 15.71, 11.15, and 9.34, respectively, indicating significant risks to local residents, especially children. These results highlight a need to develop effective strategies to reduce heavy metal contamination and exposure to protect human health.
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Acharjee, Mrityunjoy. "Study on the microbiological potential of biofertilizer applied on Brassica oleracea (cauliflower)." Stamford Journal of Microbiology 7, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v7i1.40067.
Abstract:
Plant nutrients are vital component of sustainable agriculture as they are essential for the production of crops and healthy food. Chemical fertilizer or pesticides may have huge influence to increase the heavy metal and resistant microbes in soil as well as in crops. In order to provide an experimental evidence on the positive impact of bio-fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer on agricultural field, present study attempted to collect 50 samples of Brassica oleracea (25 were treated with bio-fertilizer and 25 were chemically treated) from different agricultural land of rural area in Bangladesh. The samples were processed to examine the microbiological and clinical aspects of both bio-fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on vegetables through several common, traditional and replicable cultural and biochemical tests. Both samples were found to be contaminated with total viable bacteria and fungi up to the range 108 & 106cfu/g, respectively. The elevated range of pathogenic contamination (Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp.) was found in both samples within the range of 102 to 106cfu/g. In case of biofertilizer treated vegetable the contamination of Staphylococcus spp. was prominent up to 106 cfu/g and the same existence was found for chemically treated vegetable. Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were found 104 & 105 cfu/g, respectively in biofertilizer treated vegetable while the contamination was noticed up to 102 & 104 cfu/g in chemically treated vegetable respectively. Another important era of this study is drug resistant pattern, most of the isolates exhibited resistance against commonly used antibiotics while several isolates were noted to be multi-drug resistant (MDR). The drug resistance strains were remarkably high in chemically treated vegetable whereas maximum antibiotics were extremely effective against the bacteria isolated from biofertlizer treated vegetable
Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.7(1) 2017: 23-27
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Borisov, V. A., O. N. Uspenskaya, A. A. Kolomiets, and I. Yu Vasyuchkov. "Effectiveness of the Use of Manure, Biocompost and Siderates for Vegetable Crops." Агрохимия, no. 2 (February 15, 2023): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0002188123020059.
Abstract:
Excessive fascination in vegetable growing with mineral (especially nitrogen) fertilizers has led to significant contamination of soils and products with nitrate, heavy metals, and other toxicants. The scientific literature has accumulated considerable material on the use of various kinds of fertilizers, especially mineral fertilizers. A well-established trend towards the development of organic farming on a global scale requires a more indepth study of the effect of organic fertilizers on vegetable yields and adjustments to previously developed fertilizer systems for vegetable crops. The research was carried out by the Department of Agriculture and Agrochemistry of the All-Russian scientific research institute of vegetable growing-branch of the Federal scientific center of vegetable growing and three experimental stations of the Institute on sod-podzolic, alluvial meadow soils, typical, ordinary and leached chernozems in the Non-chernozem zone, the North Caucasus and Western Siberia. It was found out that the efficiency of the use of cattle manure on average for 6 crops on 6 types of soils was 33% of the increase in yield. The highest increases were found in cucumber (62%) and table beet (54%) crops; cabbage and carrots increased yields by 27 and 22%, respectively, tomato and onion - by an average of 17%. The efficiency of manure was inversely proportional to the amount of humus content in the soil. Studies of the effectiveness of the use of biocomposts based on chicken manure revealed that the biocompost increased the yield of 12 vegetable crops on alluvial meadow soil by an average of 20, mineral fertilizers - by 28%, the joint application of these fertilizers allowed to increase yields by 35%. Green fertilizers (siderates) in the conditions of the Central Processing Plant allowed to increase the yield of vegetables by 8-15%, peas, pea mixture and phacelia turned out to be the most effective, yellow lupin and sunflower were ineffective. In the irrigated conditions of the Rostov region, the complex application of mineral fertilizers, manure and siders increased the yield of vegetable crops from 23.6 to 49.6 t/ha, i.e. by more than 2 times.
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Mufida, Diana Chusna, Yunita Armiyanti, Elvia Rahmi Marga Putri, Dini Agustina, Enny Suswati, Muhammad Ali Shodikin, Wiwien Sugih Utami, Bagus Hermansyah, and Angga Mardro Raharjo. "Bacterial and parasitic contamination of raw vegetable: potential risk for food-borne diseases." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 11, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 1516. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v11i4.21875.
Abstract:
Food-borne diseases can be transmitted through raw vegetables contaminated with bacteria and intestinal parasites. The study aimed to determine bacteria and intestinal parasites that contaminate raw vegetables in traditional markets. In this study, we collected raw vegetables from eight traditional markets. We chose randomly at each market five samples of vegetables that usually consumed in raw, like lettuce, tomato, cabbage, basil, long bean, and cucumber. The bacteria were identified by culture and microbiological test and the intestinal parasites were identified using sedimentation and floatation methods. This study showed that all of raw vegetables were contaminated with <em>Escherichia coli</em> (E. coli) (91%), <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (84%), and <em>Vibrio cholera</em> (79%). Besides bacteria, 36% of samples were contaminated by soil-transmitted helminths (STH), and intestinal protozoa contaminated 27% of samples. Lettuce was the most contaminated vegetable with bacteria and intestinal parasites. The results of this study proved that there was bacterial contamination as well as intestinal parasites in raw vegetables sold in traditional markets which could be a source of spread of food-borne diseases. Therefore, handling raw vegetables properly is needed as an effort to prevent it.
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Chen, Shan Shan, Xiao Deng, Jing Kun Liu, Qin Fen Li, and Chun Yuan Wu. "Residual Characteristics of Organochlorine Pesticides in Vegetable Soils from the Middle of Yuanmou." Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (February 2014): 769–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.769.
Abstract:
The aim of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) residues in vegetable soils from the middle of Yuanmou. 12 surface soil (0~20 cm) samples of vegetable fields soil were collected and 18 types of OCPs in soil were analyzed by gas chromatography Results show that excepting for α-endosulfan, endrin, aldrin, o,p’-DDT and p,p’-DDT, other 13 types of OCPs was found with different degree in all the samples. The detection rate of 18 types of OCPs was nd~100%, the residue level was nd~11.76 μg•kg-1, OCPs residues were main chlorthiepin sulfate, HCHs and dieldrin. Residues of endosulfan, HCHs and dieldrin in the soils might come from the old usage and residues of heptachlor might come from the recent usage. Contamination of OCPs in soils from the middle of Yuanmou were relative lower than most areas in south of China.
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Alam, Md Sajjad, Farahnaaz Feroz, Hasibur Rahman, Kamal Kanta Das, and Rashed Noor. "Microbiological contamination sources of freshly cultivated vegetables." Nutrition & Food Science 45, no. 4 (July 13, 2015): 646–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-04-2015-0032.
Abstract:
Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to emphasize on contamination sources of freshly cultivated vegetables commonly consumed by the Bangladeshi people. Several local studies have been conducted to detect the microbial contamination within fresh vegetables, plantation lands and the irrigation waters separately; however, the correlation of microbial contamination between the fresh produces and the surrounding environment has not been clarified. Design/methodology/approach – Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo), radish (Raphanus sativus) and eggplant (Solanum melongena); their plantations soils and the fertilizers applied across the agricultural lands; and, finally, the irrigation waters used were analyzed from nine districts of Bangladesh using conventional microbiological and biochemical methods. Findings – Almost all vegetable samples studied were found to be immensely contaminated with bacteria and fungi. Among the pathogens, Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were found to be dominant. Besides, massive microbial growth was also observed in the plantation soils and fertilizers, including Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., Listeria spp., Escherichia coli and Vibrio spp. Existence of the fecal coliforms, E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp. and Listeria spp., was noticed in the irrigation waters. Research limitations/implications – Although the present study revealed the combined results connecting the vegetable contamination aspect with the knowledge on microbiology ultimately in the food chain, implementation of molecular studies detecting the virulence genes both in the fresh produces and the plantation soils, fertilizers and the irrigation waters would further clarify the microbial dissemination mechanism. Practical implications – Earlier studies demonstrated the ability of water bodies to disseminate numerous microorganisms into the plantation soils, and to some extent unraveled the ability of organic fertilizers to propagate pathogenic bacteria into the vegetation objects. These microorganisms may pose as a threat to vegetables, particularly by limiting crop production as well as the shelf life of the fresh produces. Social implications – The scenario of microbial divergence not only in the vegetables but also within the surroundings is gradually being heightened in Bangladesh principally due to the malpractice of sanitation, dumping the agricultural lands with feces, improperly controlled septic systems, waste water runoff across the agricultural lands, etc. Therefore, the preliminary and replicable experimental approach described in the current study would be feasible for all other developing countries to maintain the public health safety. Originality/value – Growth and proliferation of microorganisms both in the vegetable samples and the environmental samples nearly to a similar extent indeed projected for the first time in Bangladesh, the agricultural perspective of the contamination sources of vegetables. Such knowledge would aid in the existing knowledge on the hygienic processing during crop production and harvesting for the sake of better consumer safety management.
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N. Shabalala, Ayanda, Phumelele D. Ngwenya, and Moses Timana. "Heavy Metal Contamination and Health Risk of Soils and Vegetables Grown Near a Gold Mine Area: A Case Study of Barberton, South Africa." Journal of Agriculture and Crops, no. 83 (June 14, 2022): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jac.83.197.207.
Abstract:
Pollution from mining operations has a direct impact on agricultural production and can lead to potential health risks because of the accumulation of heavy metals in vegetables. Vegetables and soil samples collected from Thaba Nchu farm located near a gold mining site were analysed to determine the concentration of heavy metals. Soil and vegetable samples were digested using the wet method and heavy metals were analysed using the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry technique. The soil-to-plant Transfer Factors (TF) and Health Risk Index (HRI) were calculated. The highest mean levels of Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Cu were detected in spinach while the highest mean level of Zn was found in onion. Iron levels in lettuce, spinach, beetroot, onion, and carrot ranged from 2203 to 3404 mg/kg which was above the permissible limits (450 mg/kg) recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization–World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). The concentration of Pb (0.4 mg/kg) and Cr (13.8 mg/kg) in spinach exceeded the permissible level recommended by FAO/WHO of 0.3 mg/kg and 1.3 mg/kg, respectively. The metal transfer factors in vegetables were in the order: Cd>Pb>Cu>Fe>Ni>Co>Zn>Cr>Mn. The daily intake and HRI of Mn and Fe in vegetables were above safe levels. There was no obvious heavy metal contamination in the soil and irrigation water. These results suggest that the consumption of vegetables grown on the study site could pose danger to human health. High heavy metal content in crops was attributed to the accumulation of Fe and Mn, which are the major ores extracted from the mining activities in the study area. Given the potential health risks, regular monitoring of heavy metal contamination in the soils and crops is recommended.
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Yao, Zhiyuan, Gang Wei, Haizhen Wang, Laosheng Wu, Jianjun Wu, and Jianming Xu. "Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Soils from Vegetable Fields with Different Cultivation Patterns." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 5 (January 4, 2013): 1755–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03605-12.
Abstract:
ABSTRACTEscherichia coliO157:H7 survived longer in soils from plastic-greenhouse cultivation than soils from the open field. Soil pH, organic carbon levels, and the ratio of bacterial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) to fungal PLFAs played the significant roles in survival of O157:H7. Greater attention should be paid to the control of pathogen contamination under conditions of plastic-greenhouse cultivation.
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Wasila, Mahda, Rahmat Wirayudha, and Jhudi Bonosari Soediono. "Overview of Contamination STH (Soil Transmitted Helminths) Eggs on Cabbage (Brassica oleracea (L.) in Sentra Antasari Market at Banjarmasin." Health Media 1, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.55756/hm.v1i2.37.
Abstract:
Helminths infection is the most common infection happens in Indonesia. It is caused by intestinal netamodes which is transmitted through soil (Soil Transmitted Helminths). These nematodes need soil to reach its infective stage. Helminths group that often contaminate vegetables are Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and Hookworm. Most of popular vegetable is easily contaminated by STH eggs is cabbage. Cabbage is usually being eaten in raw, in this case it can cause helminths infection. This research is conducted to overview the contamination of STH eggs on cabbage that sells in Pasar Sentra Antasari Banjarmasin. This study was descriptive survey and sampling technique is used in this study was purposive sampling. The microscopic examination of STH eggs was done by sedimentation method. The result showed that 2 (11,8%) of 17 samples from market were found positive contaminated by STH eggs. The contaminants were the eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides (5,9%) and Trichuris trichiura (5,9%). Wash and cook the vegetables before consumption as prevention efforts to avoid helminths infection
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Kyeame, Gifty, Bennetta Koomson, and Elias K. Asiam. "ASCERTAINING THE QUALITY OF WATER FOR IRRIGATION AND ITS IMPACT ON VEGETABLE QUALITY: A CASE STUDY ALONG THE BIBINI RIVER IN KUMASI." Environment & Ecosystem Science 5, no. 2 (June 23, 2021): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/ees.02.2021.85.93.
Abstract:
Farmers in peri-urban areas use diluted wastewater for irrigation. Over time, heavy metals may accumulate in agricultural soils and food crops causing health problems when consumed. Physicochemical, heavy metals (cadmium, lead and chromium) and microbial analysis of water, soil and vegetables were conducted to ascertain the quality of water and vegetables using standard methods. The results of the study showed that the water quality indicators; dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand and water temperature were not within the recommended standards of Ghana’s Environmental Protection Agency. The presence of heavy metals in the water, soil and vegetables were in the order of; soil (1.47 ± 0.017 of cadmium, 0.0019 ± 0.00011 of chromium and 0.541 ± 0.017 of lead) > vegetable (1.472 ± 0.044 of cadmium, 0.0020 ± 0.00010 of chromium and 0.474 ± 0.021 of lead) > water (0.068 ± 0.009 of cadmium, 0.0047 ± 0.00037 of chromium and 0.110 ± 0.014 of lead). Cadmium, chromium and lead concentrations in soil, vegetables and water varied significantly. Cadmium and lead concentrations as well as coliform counts in water and vegetables exceeded Food and Agriculture Organization/ World Health Organization’s maximum permissible levels. Soil samples from the control site showed almost negligible concentrations of heavy metals (0.00017 mg/kg of cadmium, 0.00014 mg/kg of chromium and 0.0011 mg/kg of lead) whereas farm sites had heavy metals as a result of long-term wastewater irrigation. Cadmium and lead concentrations in the water and vegetables makes them toxic and microbial populations of faecal coliform in water and lettuce indicated faecal contamination. Therefore, the quality of vegetables produced using the Bibini river is low and unsafe for human consumption.
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Sangster, Jodi Lynn, Andrew Nelson, and Shannon L. Bartelt-Hunt. "THE OCCURRENCE OF LEAD IN SOIL AND VEGETABLES AT A COMMUNITY GARDEN IN OMAHA, NEBRASKA." International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering, Humanitarian Engineering and Social Entrepreneurship 7, no. 1 (May 30, 2012): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ijsle.v7i1.4231.
Abstract:
Abstract – Lead is a persistent and ubiquitous pollutant in urban environments and is of significant importance to public health. Elevated lead concentrations in soil may be due to the use of lead-based paints, emissions from the combustion of leaded gasoline, industrial emissions, waste incineration, and pesticide application. One potential pathway for exposure to lead can be consumption of produce grown in lead-contaminated soil. This may be of increasing concern as urban community gardens experience a resurgence in popularity and demand for locally grown produce increases. For this project, soil and vegetable samples were collected from a community garden with known soil lead contamination. Soil and vegetable samples were evaluated for total lead content using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The concentrations of lead measured in soil ranged from 4 to 574 parts per million (ppm), with an average lead concentration in the growing beds of 128.4 ppm and in the OmaGro compost of 31.5 ppm. Additionally, lead was present in vegetable samples at or below 16.25 ppm.
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Khan, Nikhat, Ghazala Yaqub, Tahreem Hafeez, and Madiha Tariq. "Assessment of Health Risk due to Pesticide Residues in Fruits, Vegetables, Soil, and Water." Journal of Chemistry 2020 (June 24, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5497952.
Abstract:
The present study was conducted to assess the contamination and health risk due to the presence of pesticides in fruits and vegetables. A total of six vegetable samples, 3 fruit samples, 7 soil samples, and 6 water samples were collected from three different sampling points. High-performance liquid chromatography using acetonitrile and water solvent system was employed for the quantitative and qualitative analysis. The pesticides having the highest health risk in vegetables were Bifenthrin and Difenoconazole as their health risk index was found to be exceeding the cut off value of 1. Imidacloprid was found in all vegetable samples but had no associated health risk, as all the health risk indices for imidacloprid were below the cut off value of 1. The pesticide Glyphosate detected in only one sample had no health risk associated with it. Health risks in fruits were the highest for Amamectin, Bifenthrin, and Difenoconazole and were crossing the threshold limit of 1. The results reveal the health risk indices of Bifenthrin and Difenoconazole range from 7.8 to 12.46 in vegetables and from 2.704 to 30.454 in fruits, hence, posing a serious threat to human health. Amamectin, although detected in only fruit and water samples, had the highest health risk of 30.454. Imidacloprid and Glyphosate found in every fruit sample had no associated health risk. The results revealed the presence of pesticides in water, soil, fruit, and vegetable samples. Consumers utilizing these vegetables and fruits are under potential health risks due to the presence of pesticides in soil and water. Practical Applications. In this study, an analytical method for detecting pesticides in a variety of environmental matrices including fruits, vegetables, water, and the soil is presented and the health risk associated with the presence of pesticides in a wide range of fruits and vegetables is assessed. It is highly significant because in developing countries agricultural activities contribute majorly toward the total gross domestic product and pesticides are extensively used to control, prevent, devastate, and diminish any harmful pest that destroys crops.
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Shar, Liaquat Ali, Shafique Ahmed Arain, and Ghulam Qadir Shar. "Assessment of Heavy Metal Contents and Their Risks in Vegetables Collected from District Ghotki, Sindh." Pakistan Journal of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry 24, no. 1 (June 27, 2023): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2023.06.09.
Abstract:
Vegetables are renowned for their nutritional value, as they are rich sources of dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins offering a wide range of health benefits. They also possess antioxidative properties that contribute to overall well-being. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contamination of heavy metals like Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni), and Zinc (Zn) in the agriculture soil and most frequently consumed vegetables including; Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas), Turnip (Brassica rapa), Onion (Allium cepa), Carrot (Daucus Carota), Garlic (Allium sativum), Radish (Raphanus sativus), Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), Potato (Solanum tuberosum), Beetroot (Beta vulgaris), and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) collected from various sites of District Ghotki, Sindh. The agriculture soil and vegetable samples were digested, and heavy metal levels were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The Zn content was found higher in all vegetable samples. Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations were found within the permissible levels of the Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organization (WHO/FAO). However, the concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, and Ni were found higher than the permissible limit suggested by WHO/FAO. Hazard index (HI), target hazard quotient (THQ), daily intake of metals (DIM), and estimated daily exposure to heavy metals (EDEM) were also measure. The hazard index (HI) values of As for all the vegetable samples were greater than 1, indicating potential health risks to those consuming these vegetables.
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Shah, Ghulam Mustafa, Umer Farooq, Zunaira Shabbir, Jianbin Guo, Renjie Dong, Hafiz Faiq Bakhat, Muhammad Wakeel, Ayesha Siddique, and Naeem Shahid. "Impact of Cadmium Contamination on Fertilizer Value and Associated Health Risks in Different Soil Types Following Anaerobic Digestate Application." Toxics 11, no. 12 (December 10, 2023): 1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11121008.
Abstract:
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in the soil potentially hampers microbial biomass and adversely affects their services such as decomposition and mineralization of organic matter. It can reduce nitrogen (N) metabolism and consequently affect plant growth and physiology. Further, Cd accumulation in plants can pose health risks through vegetable consumption. Here, we investigated consequences of Cd contamination on fertilizer value and associated health risks following the application of biogas residues (BGR) to various soil types. Our results indicate that the application of BGR to all soil types significantly increased dry matter (DM) yield and N uptake. However, the Cd contamination negatively affected DM yield and N recovery from BGR in a dose-dependent manner. Organic N mineralization from BGR also decreased in Cd-contaminated soils. The highest DM yield and N recovery were recorded in sandy soil, whereas the lowest values were observed in clay soil. Cadmium was accumulated in spinach, and health risk index (HRI) associated with its dietary intake revealed that consuming spinach grown in Cd-contaminated soil, with or without BGR, is unsafe. Among the soil types, values of daily intake of metals (DIM) and HRI were lowest in clay soil and highest in sandy soil. However, the application of BGR curtailed HRI across all soil types. Notably, the application of BGR alone resulted in HRI values < 1, which are under the safe limit. We conclude that soil contamination with Cd reduces fertilizer value and entails implications for human health. However, the application of BGR to the soil can decrease Cd effects.
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Yang, Jun, Silu Ma, Jingcheng Zhou, Yongwei Song, and Fei Li. "Heavy metal contamination in soils and vegetables and health risk assessment of inhabitants in Daye, China." Journal of International Medical Research 46, no. 8 (March 20, 2018): 3374–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060518758585.
Abstract:
Objective This study was performed to evaluate the state of heavy metal contamination in soil and vegetables and assess the health risk of inhabitants in the mine-affected area and area far from the mine (reference area) in Daye, China. Methods The heavy metal concentrations in soil and vegetable samples were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Residents’ exposure parameters were obtained through a questionnaire survey. A health risk assessment model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency was used to evaluate the residents’ risk of oral exposure. Results The copper, lead, cadmium, and arsenic concentrations in soil and in vegetables were higher in the mine-affected area than in the reference area. The health risk of residents in the reference area was within the acceptable range (hazard index < 1, carcinogen risk < 10−4). In the contaminated area, however, the mean hazard index was 2.25 for children and 3.00 for adults, and the mean carcinogen risk was 4.749 × 10−4 for children and 0.587 × 10−4 for adults. Conclusions Potential health risks exist for inhabitants near the mine area. Cadmium and arsenic should be paid more attention as risk sources.