Relevant bibliographies by topics / Soil and vegetable contamination

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Academic literature on the topic 'Soil and vegetable contamination'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 1 June 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Soil and vegetable contamination"

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Ahmed, M., and K. Kurosawa. "Arsenic Contamination of Water-Soil-Crop System in an Industrial Area of Bangladesh." International Journal of Environment 6, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v6i1.16869.

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The arsenic (As) concentrations of irrigation water, soils and vegetables were investigated in an agricultural section of Gazipur industrial area in Bangladesh, where industrial wastewater is mixed with irrigation water. The results showed that the mean As concentration of the irrigation water (0.16-0.62 mg L-1) exceeded the permissible limit for agricultural purposes recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization (0.10 mg L-1). The mean As concentration of soils (6.48-9.75 mg kg-1) did not exceed the tolerable limit for agricultural soils recommended by the FAO (20.0 mg kg-1). While, the As concentration of the respective vegetables in average varied from 0.63 to 1.07 mg kg-1 dry weight, and the highest As concentration in average was observed in taro root (1.26-2.31 mg kg-1), followed by helencha leaf (1.85-2.02 mg kg-1). The average As concentration of root vegetables (1.84 mg kg-1) exceeded the permissible limit of 1.0 mg kg-1 suggested by the Food and Agriculture Organization, while that of leafy (0.77 mg kg-1) and fruit vegetables (0.14 mg kg-1) did not exceed the limit. Soils irrigated with As containing water that holds much amount of As showed a positive correlation with the vegetable As concentration. A decrease in the As concentration from soil to vegetable was found in root, leafy and fruit vegetables. However, the vegetables were not safe for human consumption. Some countermeasures are, therefore, necessary to reduce the vegetable As concentration.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT Volume-6, Issue-1, Dec-Feb 2016/17, page: 76-86
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Yuhenanda Dary Pratama, Indah Setyawati Tantular, Gwenny Ichsan Prabowo, and Heru Prasetya. "Detection and Prevalence of Soil Transmitted Helminths Contaminating Several Vegetables in Several Traditional Markets in Surabaya." Journal of Parasite Science 7, no. 2 (September 24, 2023): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jops.v7i2.47482.

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A total of 100 fresh vegetable samples consisting of yardlong bean, cabbage, lettuce, and lemon basil were purchased from five traditional markets in Surabaya. Each sample was washed with tap water, water washing examined using flotation method to find soil-transmitted helminths. The overall prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths contamination was 41% (41/100). The most predominant parasite was hookworms (20%), followed by Strongyloides stercoralis larvae (14%) and Ascaris lumbricoides eggs (7%). The highest prevalence of contamination was found in lettuce, with a prevalence rate of 56% (14/25), while the lowest prevalence of contamination was found in yardlong bean, with a prevalence rate of 24% (6/25). Sequentially, the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths contamination of fresh vegetable samples from Pabean traditional market (55%), Keputran traditional market (50%), Wonokromo traditional market (50%), Lakarsantri traditional market (35%) and Mulyosari traditional market (15%), respectively. The present study demonstrated that consumption of vegetables with parasite contamination in this area represents a potential route for the transmission of soil-transmitted helminths infection.
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Stien, J. L., and J. Schwartzbrod. "Experimental Contamination of Vegetables with Helminth Eggs." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 9 (September 1, 1990): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0066.

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In countries with limited water resources, the agricultural use of treated wastewater represents an interesting alternative. A recently published international report (Engelberg report 1985) shows the importance of strict parasitological criteria for such reuse. In this study we have tested the survival of Ascaris eggs on different edible crops (lettuce, radishes, chives) and in different soils (clay, sand, silt) irrigated with water artificially contaminated. Leaves and roots from vegetables, surface and deep samples from soil were analyzed. In the soil the survival of Ascaris eggs is dependent on 2 factors : exposure to sunlight and soil type. Up to 20 days the Ascaris egg survival is significant,after which time it decreases quickly. In vegetable samples 10 days after the contamination by spraying no eggs are found on leaves of any crops. In roots samples after 10 days the Ascaris recovery is dependent on type of vegetables. These differences could be explained by different radicular system. After 45 days, the decrease is similar for all the crops. These results underline the importance of parasitological criteria for the agricultural wastewater reuse.
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Paller, Vachel Gay V., Constance Aurelle Macalinao-Ramirez, and Modesto Z. Bandal. "Environmental contamination with parasites in selected rural farms in the Philippines: impacts of farming practices on leafy greens food safety." Parasitology 149, no. 4 (December 6, 2021): 482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182021002031.

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AbstractFresh vegetables are an important part of a healthy diet, however, they can also be agents of transmission of intestinal parasites. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of parasite contamination in vegetable farms as a source of transmission in selected rural communities in Laguna, Philippines. A total of 168 vegetable, 55 soil and 15 water samples collected from four selected farms and a reference farm were processed through various standard parasitological techniques. Of these, 17.3% of vegetables, 47.3% soil and 73.3% water samples were found contaminated with parasites’ eggs or cysts. Interestingly, leafy vegetables, such as lettuce, were found to be more contaminated. Results showed that strongylids/hookworms (egg/larva) showed the highest prevalence in farm soil (38.2%) and vegetable (13.1%); other helminth parasite eggs were also recovered such as Toxocara sp., Ascaris sp., Trichiuris, Trichostrongylus sp. and protozoan cysts of Balantidium coli. Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts of and Giardia sp. cysts were observed in all water samples in the farms. Furthermore, results revealed that some farming practices such as the use of improperly treated animals manure as fertilizers, unhygienic practice of farmers and sanitation issues were factors that contribute to parasite contamination in the farms. These findings have implications on food safety in poor-resource communities posing public health risks. Recommendations were discussed in the study for the control and prevention of parasite contamination at the farm level.
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Natvig, Erin E., Steven C. Ingham, Barbara H. Ingham, Leslie R. Cooperband, and Teryl R. Roper. "Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli Contamination of Root and Leaf Vegetables Grown in Soils with Incorporated Bovine Manure." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 6 (June 2002): 2737–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.6.2737-2744.2002.

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ABSTRACT Bovine manure, with or without added Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (three strains), was incorporated into silty clay loam (SCL) and loamy sand (LS) soil beds (53- by 114-cm surface area, 17.5 cm deep) and maintained in two controlled-environment chambers. The S. enterica serovar Typhimurium inoculum was 4 to 5 log CFU/g in manure-fertilized soil. The conditions in the two environmental chambers, each containing inoculated and uninoculated beds of manure-fertilized soil, simulated daily average Madison, Wis., weather conditions (hourly temperatures, rainfall, daylight, and humidity) for a 1 March or a 1 June manure application and subsequent vegetable growing seasons ending 9 August or 28 September, respectively. Core soil samples were taken biweekly from both inoculated and uninoculated soil beds in each chamber. Radishes, arugula, and carrots were planted in soil beds, thinned, and harvested. Soils, thinned vegetables, and harvested vegetables were analyzed for S. enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli (indigenous in manure). After the 1 March manure application, S. enterica serovar Typhimurium was detected at low levels in both soils on 31 May, but not on vegetables planted 1 May and harvested 12 July from either soil. After the 1 June manure application, S. enterica serovar Typhimurium was detected in SCL soil on 7 September and on radishes and arugula planted in SCL soil on 15 August and harvested on 27 September. In LS soil, S. enterica serovar Typhimurium died at a similar rate (P ≥ 0.05) after the 1 June manure application and was less often detected on arugula and radishes harvested from this soil compared to the SCL soil. Pathogen levels on vegetables were decreased by washing. Manure application in cool (daily average maximum temperature of <10°C) spring conditions is recommended to ensure that harvested vegetables are not contaminated with S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. Manure application under warmer (daily average maximum temperature >20°C) summer conditions is not recommended when vegetable planting is done between the time of manure application and late summer. A late fall manure application will not increase the risk of contaminating vegetables planted the next spring, since further experiments showed that repeated freeze-thaw cycles were detrimental to the survival of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium and E. coli in manure-fertilized soil. The number of indigenous E. coli in soil was never significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, suggesting its usefulness as an indicator organism for evaluating the risk of vegetable contamination with manure-borne S. enterica serovar Typhimurium.
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Mununga Katebe, Félicien, Pierre Raulier, Gilles Colinet, Mylor Ngoy Shutcha, Michel Mpundu Mubemba, and M. Haïssam Jijakli. "Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution of Agricultural Soil, Irrigation Water, and Vegetables in and Nearby the Cupriferous City of Lubumbashi, (Democratic Republic of the Congo)." Agronomy 13, no. 2 (January 26, 2023): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020357.

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Lubumbashi (DR Congo)—the capital of copper mining—has been considered as one of the richest mining regions of the world for more than a decade. These riches have brought along multiple mining companies responsible for soil, river water and vegetable pollution, as in many African cities. The aim of the present study was to quantify and evaluate the pollution levels and the potential sources of soil, irrigation water and vegetable contamination by the metals As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Co and Zn in the urban gardens of Lubumbashi (DR Congo). The contamination, pollution and enrichment levels of the gardens were determined based on different indices in order to rank the soils. The results show that soils, waters and vegetables present contamination levels that represent a serious concern for human health. All soils presented contamination indices ranging from low (72% of the soils) to very high (3.4% of the soils) metal (copper, lead, zinc) contamination. The Cu and Cd contents varied between 1355 mg/kg et 236 mg/kg, much higher than the World Health Organisation (WHO) thresholds (100 mg/kg for Cu and 2 mg/kg for Cd). Moreover, the water used for crop and garden irrigation presented high Pb (57% of the waters), Fe (52%), Cu (19%) and Cd (10%) contamination levels, above the Association Française de Normalisation (AFNOR) U4441 toxicity thresholds (2 mg/kg for Cu; 0.1 mg/kg for Fe and 0.01 mg/kg for Pb) for crop irrigation. Finally, the vegetables produced in these gardens and sold in the local markets had very high metal content (47% contained Cu; 100% contained copper and cobalt) above the WHO standard (10 mg/kg for Cu, 2 mg/kg for Cd and 1 mg/kg for Co) for human consumption. In the face of these issues, it would be preferable to consider cheaper, more sustainable techniques that reduce soil-to-plant metal transfer.
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McBride, M. B. "Arsenic and Lead Uptake by Vegetable Crops Grown on Historically Contaminated Orchard Soils." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/283472.

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Transfer of Pb and As into vegetables grown on orchard soils historically contaminated by Pb arsenate pesticides was measured in the greenhouse. Lettuce, carrots, green beans, and tomatoes were grown on soils containing a range of total Pb (16.5–915 mg/kg) and As (6.9–211 mg/kg) concentrations. The vegetables were acid-digested and analyzed for total Pb and As using ICP-mass spectrometry. Vegetable contamination was dependent on soil total Pb and As concentrations, pH, and vegetable species. Arsenic concentrations were the highest in lettuce and green beans, lower in carrots, and much lower in tomato fruit. Transfer of Pb into lettuce and beans was generally lower than that of As, and Pb and As were strongly excluded from tomato fruit. Soil metal concentrations as high as 400 mg/kg Pb and 100 mg/kg As produced vegetables with concentrations of Pb and As below the limits of international health standards.
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Mustăţea, Gabriel, Nastasia Belc, Elena Loredana Ungureanu, Radu Lăcătuşu, Jana Petre, and Augustina Pruteanu. "Heavy metals contamination of the soil – water – vegetables chain in the Ilfov region." E3S Web of Conferences 112 (2019): 03030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911203030.

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Dietary exposure to several heavy metals such as Cd, Cr, Pb, As represents a risk to human health through the consumption of vegetables. Due to the possible risks for the human body, contamination of soils as well as drinking and irrigation water has been the subject of many researches. In this study, the analysis of heavy metals content from soil, water and vegetable samples from households in Ilfov County it was carried out. As a result, no contamination of soil and water with heavy metals was observed. Cadmium content is above the maximum allowable limit for all analyzed vegetables, excepting cabbage and green onion. Two lettuce samples have an alarmingly high content of lead, the values being even 10 times higher than the maximum admissible limit of 0.3 mg/kg. The high values obtained for chromium content in lettuce and radish samples raise serious questions about possible contamination. Arsenic content values ranged between 0.87 and 7.69 mg/kg, which also represents high values. Based on the transfer factor (TF) calculated the strongest accumulation of the metals was in lettuce.
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Yahia, Samah H., Samia E. Etewa, Abd Allah A. Al Hoot, Salwa Z. Arafa, Nesreen S. Saleh, Mohamed H. Sarhan, Suzan I. Rashad, and Shimaa S. Hassan. "Investigating the Occurrence of Soil-Transmitted Parasites Contaminating Soil, Vegetables, and Green Fodder in the East of Nile Delta, Egypt." Journal of Parasitology Research 2023 (June 6, 2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6300563.

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Background. Food-borne parasites are major sources of human and animal illness, posing severe health risks in places with contaminated soil, poor water quality, cleanliness, and poor sanitation. The usage of untreated organic fertilizers arising from the excreta of the parasites’ definitive hosts either man or animal pollutes the agricultural soil and is reflected in its products of vegetables and green fodders causing serious health problems. Therefore, to the best of our knowledge, this will be the first study that investigated the combination of parasitic contamination of the agricultural soil and its products of raw eaten vegetables and green fodder in East Nile Delta, Egypt. Aim. The purpose of this study was to investigate the type and degree of contamination caused by parasites in regularly used raw vegetables, green fodder, and soil samples collected from open fields in Egypt’s East Nile Delta. Study Procedures. A cross-sectional study comprised a simple random collection of 400 soil samples, 180 green fodder samples, and as well as 400 vegetable samples, including lettuce, radish, coriander, parsley, dill, watercress, tomatoes, green pepper, cucumber, and carrot, that were gathered throughout one year period from January to December 2021 to represent all seasons (winter, spring, summer, and autumn). The research locations were chosen from various open green fields and farming regions in Egypt’s East Nile Delta producing ready-to-eat vegetables for human consumptions and planting green fodder for animal feeding. Concentrations, including sedimentation, and flotation, and staining techniques were used to recover the greatest number of parasitic life forms. The parasitic structures discovered were identified using biometric and imaging data and compared with known parasite morphology. Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS software version 22 (IBM, Chicago, IL, USA). Data were presented in numbers and percentages. P -values equal to or less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. The difference in parasitic contamination among the different categories was compared using the chi-square test. Results. In this investigation, 243 out of 400 soil samples (60.7%) confirmed positive for parasitic contamination ( P < 0.05 ). Various parasitic life forms were significantly found in 249 out of 400 (62.25%) of the vegetable samples, with (65.1%) of them harboring one parasite species, whereas 9.2% significantly contained up to three parasites. Ascaris eggs, Trichuris eggs, and Giardia cysts were the most prevalent parasites, which were predominantly isolated from vegetables with uneven surfaces. 109 of 180 (60.0%) green fodder samples confirmed insignificantly positive for parasitic pollution. The proportion of parasite contamination in vegetable samples was insignificant although the highest was in spring (29.3%), followed by summer (27.7%), whereas it is significant in autumn (24.5%). The prevalence rate was the lowest in winter (20.1%). Conclusion and Recommendations. Our findings demonstrated a significant load of parasites notably the soil-transmitted parasitic infection in raw vegetables and green fodder cultivated in open fields as well as in their mother soil in the east of the Nile Delta, Egypt. These results confirm the urgent need to deploy strict control measures to the soil, especially during the pre-harvest period of raw eaten vegetables and green fodder, a critical step in reducing food-borne transmission of soil-transmitted parasites to man and animals.
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INGHAM, STEVEN C., MELODY A. FANSLAU, REBECCA A. ENGEL, JEFFRY R. BREUER, JANE E. BREUER, THOMAS H. WRIGHT, JUDITH K. REITH-ROZELLE, and JUN ZHU. "Evaluation of Fertilization-to-Planting and Fertilization-to-Harvest Intervals for Safe Use of Noncomposted Bovine Manure in Wisconsin Vegetable Production." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 6 (June 1, 2005): 1134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.6.1134.

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Fresh bovine manure was mechanically incorporated into loamy sand and silty clay loam Wisconsin soils in April 2004. At varying fertilization-to-planting intervals, radish, lettuce, and carrot seeds were planted; crops were harvested 90, 100, 110 or 111, and 120 days after manure application. As an indicator of potential contamination with fecal pathogens, levels of Escherichia coli in the manure-fertilized soil and presence of E. coli on harvested vegetables were monitored. From initial levels of 4.0 to 4.2 log CFU/g, E. coli levels in both manure-fertilized soils decreased by 2.4 to 2.5 log CFU/g during the first 7 weeks. However, E. coli was consistently detected from enriched soil samples through week 17, perhaps as a result of contamination by birds and other wildlife. In the higher clay silty clay loam soil, the fertilization-to-planting interval affected the prevalence of E. coli on lettuce but not on radishes and carrots. Root crop contamination was consistent across different fertilization-to-harvest intervals in silty clay loam, including the National Organic Program minimum fertilization-to-harvest interval of 120 days. However, lettuce contamination in silty clay loam was significantly (P &lt; 0.10) affected by fertilization-to-harvest interval. Increasing the fertilization-to-planting interval in the lower clay loamy sand soil decreased the prevalence of E. coli on root crops. The fertilization-to-harvest interval had no clear effect on vegetable contamination in loamy sand. Overall, these results do not provide grounds for reducing the National Organic Program minimum fertilization-to-harvest interval from the current 120-day standard.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Soil and vegetable contamination"

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Alum, Absar. "Control of viral contamination of reclaimed irrigated vegetables by drip irrigation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280675.

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A number of factors have contributed to the interest in reclaimed wastewater irrigation of vegetables. However safety of water as related to fresh cut vegetables has been a paramount concern of responsible agencies, growers and consumers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk mitigation potential of subsurface drip irrigation during reclaimed wastewater irrigation. Virus detection methodologies on produce were first optimized. Beef extract (3%) +0.04M sodium pyrophosphate was found to be the most efficient eluent to recover viruses from soil and plant material. The recovery efficiency of poliovirus type l and adenovirus type 40 from Pima clay loam soil ranged from 12--16%, and recoveries from Brazito sandy loam ranged from 58--81%. The recovery efficiencies of poliovirus type 1, adenovirus type 40, MS2 and PRD1 from lettuce ranged from 45 to 70%. The recovery efficiencies of MS2 and PRD1 from tomato fruit were in the range of 90%. Poliovirus type 1, adenovirus type 40, MS2 and PRD1 survived longer in Pima clay loam than in Brazito sandy loam. All enteric viruses remained stable at 4°C suggesting that little virus inactivation occurs during transportation and marketing. Poliovirus type 1 and adenovirus type 40 lost 1 log₁₀ in 11 and 17 days respectively on lettuce at room temperature. Hepatitis A virus lost 2.5 log₁₀ in 50 days on a lettuce head in a greenhouse during the winter season. Tomato, lettuce and cucumber crops were irrigated with virus-seeded water by subsurface and surface drippers. Subsurface drip irrigation resulted in 99% less viral contamination of vegetable leaves as compared to surface drip irrigation. The greatest risk of infection occurs from the outer leaves of lettuce. The risk of infection from consumption of reclaimed wastewater irrigated tomatoes and cucumber was 32% and 72% less than lettuce. The risk of infection from rotavirus by ingestion of vegetables is greater than poliovirus type 1. The risk of infection from subsurface drip irrigated vegetables did not approach the United States Environmental Protection Agency's acceptable annual risk (1:10,000) until the concentration of viruses in the irrigation water reached 100/l. No internal contamination by viruses of the vegetables was observed during their growth. The coliphages PRD1 survived longer than poliovirus type I, adenovirus type 40, and MS2. It would thus appear to be a good model for studying the persistence of those viruses on produce and in irrigated agricultural systems.
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Santos-Araujo, Sabrina Novaes dos. "Soil-to-plant transfer of heavy metals and an assessment of human health risks in vegetable-producing areas of São Paulo state." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-30042015-152533/.

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While contaminated food products are known to be a leading source of exposure to potentially toxic elements (PTEs), for the general population, few studies have been carried out to examine PTEs levels in soils and plants in wet tropical regions such as Brazil. While the most commonly used index for estimating PTEs accumulation in vegetables and the subsequent exposure to humans who eat them is the bioconcentration factor (BCF) - the ratio between the concentration of metals in the edible portions of produce and their total concentration in soils - the BCF does not provide an adequate description of soil-to-plant metal transfers. A better understanding of such transfers requires information about the soil attributes that influence the availability of PTEs to plants. The state of São Paulo (SP) is the largest consumer of vegetables in Brazil, as well as the largest and most diversified producer. Studies are therefore needed on PTEs concentrations in soils and vegetables, in order to assess their quality under guidelines established by Brazilian legislation. It is likewise crucial to establish critical limits of these elements in soils, via models that assess risks to human health, based on data that reflect current conditions in the soils of São Paulo. The objectives in this study were: (i) to characterize and to evaluate the relations between the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in soils and in vegetables from the \"Green Belt\" of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, taking the limits established by legislation into account; (ii) to develop empiric models to derive appropriate soil screening values and to provide an accurate risk assessment for tropical regions; (iii) to develop proposals for improved human health-based screening values for Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in São Paulo soils, using soil - vegetable relations. With the exception of Cd, there was a positive correlation between pseudototais and bioavailable contents of PTEs. Cd and Pb content in plants, moreover, not significantly correlated with any of the variables studied. All models of random forests and trees were good predictors of results generated from a regression model and provided useful information about which covariates were important to forecast only for the zinc concentration in the plant. The soil-plant transfer models proposed in this study had a good performance and are useful for eight of the ten combinations (five metals versus two species). SP data combined with NL data for Cd in lettuce and for Ni and Zn in lettuce and in carrot when pH, organic carbon - OC and clay contents were included in the model. Including such soil properties results in improved relations between PTEs concentrations in soils and in vegetables to derive appropriate screening values for SP State. The model in which pH, OC and clay contents were included gave the most useful results with SP and NL data set combined for Cu, Pb, Zn in lettuce and for Cd and Cu in carrot. Our setup did not work for Ni and for Pb in carrot because the data models gave an inconsistent result and the combination of datasets did not or insufficiently improve the results.
Uma das principais vias de exposição de elementos potencialmente tóxicos (EPT) para a maioria da população é por meio da ingestão de alimentos, mas poucos são os estudos relacionados às concentrações de EPTs em solos e em vegetais de regiões tropicais úmidas, sobretudo no Brasil. O índice mais comumente utilizado para estimar o acúmulo de EPTs em vegetais e a subsequente exposição humana pelo consumo de vegetais é o fator de bioconcentração (BCF), que é a razão entre a concentração de metais em partes comestíveis de hortaliças e da concentração total do metal no solo. Porém, o BCF não descreve adequadamente a transferência solo-planta de metais. Assim, a utilização de relações envolvendo os principais atributos dos solos que influenciam a disponibilidade dos EPTs às plantas pode explicar com mais detalhe as relações solo-planta. O estado de São Paulo é o maior mercado consumidor, além de ser o maior e mais diversificado produtor olerícola no Brasil. Assim, são necessárias pesquisas referentes às concentrações de metais pesados em solos e hortaliças, para avaliação da qualidade dos mesmos em relação aos limites estabelecidos pela legislação. Os objetivos neste trabalho foram: (i) caracterizar e avaliar as relações solo-planta entre as concentrações de Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb e Zn em solos e olerícolas de folhas e raiz no estado de São Paulo, tendo em vista os limites estabelecidos pela legislação; (ii) desenvolver modelos empíricos para poder derivar adequados limites críticos do solo e fornecer uma avaliação de risco precisa para regiões tropicais; (iii) desenvolver propostas para melhorar os limites críticos baseados na saúde humana para Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb e Zn em solos de São Paulo, utilizando relações solo-planta adequadas para as condições tropicais. Com exceção do Cd, houve correlação positiva entre os teores pseudototais e biodisponíveis dos EPTs. Os teores de Cd e de Pb nas plantas, por outro lado, não correlacionaram significativamente com nenhuma das variáveis estudadas. Os modelos de florestas aleatórias e árvores foram bons preditores de resultados gerados a partir de um modelo de regressão e forneceram informações úteis sobre quais covariáveis foram importantes para previsão apenas para o teor de Zn na planta. A aplicação de modelos de transferência solo-planta proposto neste estudo tiveram bom desempenho e foram úteis para oito das dez combinações (cinco metais contra duas espécies). O conjunto de resultados de SP pode ser combinado com o da Holanda usando o modelo em que se incluem pH, teor de carbono orgânico - CO e teor de argila para Cd em alface e para Ni e Zn na alface e na cenoura. O modelo foi mais eficiente com os conjunto de resultados combinados para Cu, Pb, Zn, em alface e para Cd e Cu na cenoura. A abordagem não foi eficiente para Ni e para Pb em cenoura, com resultados incoerentes para os conjuntos de resultados combindados ou separados, para os quatro modelos testados.
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Diop, Amadou. "Diagnostic des pratiques d'utilisation et quantification des pesticides dans la zone des Niayes de Dakar (Sénégal)." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00959895.

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L'agriculture urbaine dans la zone des Niayes de Dakar fournit 60% des besoins en légumes de cette région à fort taux d'urbanisation. Les maraîchers de cette zone ont de plus en plus recours aux pesticides pour lutter contre les ravageurs et maladies des cultures. Les objectifs de ce travail sont de tenter de répondre à la problématique suivante : les pratiques d'utilisation des pesticides ont-elles un impact sur la qualité des ressources environnementales dans cette zone? La consommation des produits horticoles et des eaux souterraines de cette zone comporte-t-elle un risque pour les populations? Nous avons tenté de répondre à ces questions par le biais d'enquêtes de terrain et d'analyses. Les résultats des enquêtes ont mis en évidence l'application de diverses matières actives appartenant aux organophosphorés, organochlorés, carbamates et pyréthrinoïdes sur une variété de spéculations. Les pesticides appliqués ne sont pas généralement homologués et certains d'entre eux sont des polluants organiques persistants et donc interdits d'utilisation au Sénégal. Les pratiques d'utilisation (fréquences, quantités appliquées, conditions de stockage, méthodes d'élimination des emballages) ne respectent pas les règles prescrites par les bonnes pratiques agricoles. Les analyses ont porté sur 80 échantillons d'eaux souterraines, 119 de sol, et 175 de légumes, collectés au niveau des sites de Niaga, de Thiaroye, de Cambérène et de Malika sur quatre campagnes. Les résultats montrent des niveaux de contamination environnementale élevés de la zone des Niayes avec la détection de 15 (eaux souterraines et légumes) et de 17 (sol) pesticides sur 21 recherchés. Dans toutes les matrices, les molécules ayant été détectées à des fréquences élevées sont celles qui avaient enregistré des fréquences de citation d'au minimum 6%. Près de 56% des points d'eau ont présenté au moins une substance dont la concentration moyenne est supérieure à la norme de qualité correspondante et 38% ne respectaient pas la norme de concentration totale. Pour les légumes, des pourcentages de non-conformité variant entre 58 et 76% selon les sites ont été obtenus. Les apports journaliers estimés ont montré que près de 80% des quantités de résidus de pesticide ingérables correspondent aux résidus des trois premières classes de pesticides (extrêmement dangereux, hautement dangereux et modérément dangereux) selon l'OMS. Cette observation montre que le risque lié à l'exposition des populations à l'eau et aux aliments contaminés est réel.
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Scott-Fordsmand, Janeck James. "Biomarkers of soil contamination." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265176.

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Salgado, Maria Antonia Santos Mendes. "The effects of vegetable oil contamination on mussels." Thesis, Bangor University, 1995. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-effects-of-vegetable-oil-contamination-on-mussels(a001885f-2570-447b-90fb-d4cc6630d1e9).html.

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In this study the effects of the vegetable oils rapeseed, linseed, olive and sunflower oil on mussel performance were investigated. In view of the scarse knowledge of the effects of vegetable oil spills on marine life, unlike petroleum spills which have been extensively studied, this investigation was directed towards an evaluation of the impact of vegetable oil contamination in the marine environment using Mytilus edulis as a bioindicator organism. The growth of mussels, their tolerance to changing salinities and temperatures, their behaviour and vegetable oil metabolism were studied. Fatty acid composition of mussels. microalgae and vegetable oils was also determined. All the vegetable oils studied had an inhibitory effect on the growth of Mytilus edulis, the growth rate of mussels after four weeks of exposure to the oils being 5 times lower than the growth rates of the control mussels. Growth rates were assessed by a photographic method which proved to be practical and provided sufficient precision in detect small increases in growth. Vegetable oils caused mortalities and they changed the fatty acid composition of mussels. Other biological responses of mussels are also affected by sunflower oil exposure: gaping time, tolerance to low salinities and foot extension activity, of which the latter may be of ecological significance. An uptake and accumulation of fatty acids in mussels marked the presence of vegetable oils, however, fatty acid metabolism was only detected after the oils had been removed. The results of this study indicate that contrary to what is believed, vegetable oils should not be overlooked under the argument of their edibility and biodegradability but instead should be included in oil spill contingency planning because they can cause mortality and disrupt the growth of wild and cultured mussels.
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Rauton, Susannah R. W. "Soil fertility management in organic vegetable production." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1193080187/.

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Farias, Christyan Paiva. "Fungos promotores do crescimento vegetal e da fitorremediação de metais pesados em combinação com biochar." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2018.713.

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A busca por medidas sustentáveis para melhorar e suprir a demanda por alimentos que o crescimento populacional exige, aliado a escassez de terras produtivas, além do acúmulo excessivo de metais no ambiente devido a atividades como mineração e aplicação de fertilizantes no solo, foram as duas problemáticas que motivaram o presente estudo. O uso de fungos promotores do crescimento vegetal: Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Pochonia chlamydosporia, Purpureocillium lilacinum e Trichoderma asperella, pode tanto vir a influenciar o aumento da produtividade como potencializar a fitorremediação de metais pesados no solo. Esses fatos são explicados pela capacidade do consórcio fúngico de sintetizar e induzir as plantas a produzir fitohormônios direcionados para o melhor desenvolvimento das raízes do hospedeiro. O maior desenvolvimento de raízes pode estimular a fitoextração de metais do solo e conferir tolerância das plantas à contaminação. Na intenção de avaliar a influência dos fungos no desenvolvimento das plantas, foram realizados tratamentos das sementes de soja e milho e aplicação na parte aérea da cultura da cana-de-açúcar. Já para analisar a influência desses organismos no processo de fitorremediação de Cu, Zn e Mn em colunas de solos cultivados com Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don, os fungos foram inoculados no solo e na parte aérea das plantas. Todos os tratamentos tiveram 6 repetições e suas médias foram submetidas à análise de variância e teste de média ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. O consórcio fúngico condicionou o crescimento de raízes de soja e milho, aumentou a colonização micorrízica arbuscular em soja e cana-de-açúcar. No jacarandá, os fungos melhoraram o desenvolvimento de raízes e parte aérea, maior acúmulo de Mn e Zn na planta, melhor translocação de Mn e Zn das raízes para a parte aérea, além de diminuir o estresse fisiológico. Além disso, a aplicação conjunta de fungos e biochar nas mudas proporciona proteção à sua atividade fotossintética e reduz o risco ambiental de contaminação por metais por diminuir o total de Cu, Mn e Zn lixiviado. O biochar foi adquirido por meio da pirólise lenta do resíduo do beneficiamento da madeira de eucalipto e aplicado superficialmente no solo. Com isso, esse estudo mostrou que os fungos utilizados apresentam potencial para colaborar com o aumento da produtividade de culturas comerciais e colaborar com a melhoria na remediação de solos contaminados com íons metálicos.
The search for sustainable measures to improve and meet the demand for food that population growth requires, combined with the scarcity of productive land, in addition to the excessive accumulation of metals in the environment due to activities such as mining and application of soil fertilizers, were the two problems that motivated the present study. The use of fungi plant growth promoters: Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Pochonia chlamydosporia, Purpureocillium lilacinum and Trichoderma asperella can both influence on increasing productivity as the phytoremediation of heavy metals in the soil. These facts are explained by the capacity of the fungal Consortium to synthesize and induce plants to produce phytohormone targeted for the better development of the roots of the host. The further development of roots can stimulate phytoextraction of metals from the soil and give plants tolerance to contamination. In order to evaluate the influence of fungi on the development of plants, were done seed treatments of soybeans and corn and application in aerial part of the culture of sugar cane. To analyze the influence of these organisms in the process of phytoremediation of Cu, Zn and Mn in soil columns cultivated with Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don, fungi were inoculated in soil and aerial part of plants. All treatments had 6 reptitions and their averages were subjected to analysis of variance and average test at 5% probability. The fungal consortium has conditioned the growth of roots of soybeans and corn, mycorrhizal colonization increased in soybeans and sugar cane. In jacarandá, fungi have improved the development of roots and shoots, greater accumulation of Mn and Zn in plant, best of Mn and Zn translocation from roots to shoots, in addition to decrease physiological stress. In addition, the joint application of fungus and biochar in seedlings provides protection to photosynthetic activity and reduces the risk of environmental contamination by metals by decreasing the amount of Cu, Mn and Zn leached. The biochar was acquired through the slow pyrolysis of the eucalyptus wood processing residue and applied superficially to the soil. With that, this study showed that fungi used present potential to contribute to the increased productivity of commercial crops and contribute to the improvement in the remediation of soils contaminated with metal ions.
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Mbodji, Mor. "Etude des impacts environnementaux et sanitaires des déchets d’équipements électriques et électroniques (DEEE) au Sénégal : cas de la ville de Dakar." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSE1290.

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Les déchets d’équipements électriques et électroniques (DEEE) sont particulièrement problématiques dans le monde. Le but de cette thèse était d’évaluer les effets potentiellement néfastes des déchets d’équipements électriques et électroniques (DEEE) sur la dispersion de métaux dans l’environnement et leur risque pour la santé humaine à Dakar, au Sénégal. Des études ont d’abord porté sur la détermination des métaux dans les sols de quatre sites de recyclage des DEEE à Dakar (Mbeubeuss, Mermoz Pikine et Reubeuss) par les techniques LIBS et fluorescence X portable. Les résultats de ce travail ont montré que tous les sites étudiés ont été contaminés par les éléments tels que Pb, Cr, Fe, Mn et Zn en comparaison avec un site témoin. La répartition des métaux est fortement dépendante du site et donc de l’activité menée. La contamination potentielle de la population à travers la chaîne alimentaire a été évaluée par l’analyse de légumes produits à proximité de la plus grande décharge de déchets DEEE (Mbeubeuss). La spéciation par extraction séquentielle des éléments Sb, Pb, Sr, Cr, Cu Mn et Zn dans les sols maraîchers a montré que les éléments étaient majoritairement présents dans la fraction résiduelle. Cette approche a permis de montrer que les métaux n’étaient pas mobiles et peu biodisponibles pour les plantes. La contamination des éléments métalliques dans deux lots de légumes récoltés dans deux zones maraichères de Mbeubeuss et l’évaluation du potentiel risque sanitaire associé à la consommation de ces produits ont été étudiés. Les résultats de l’analyse du 1er lot ont montré les teneurs du Cu, Cr, Mn, Zn et Fe ont conduit à des niveaux de métaux bas et des indices de risques faibles. Pour le 2ème lot de légumes (plus proche de Mbeubeuss) les concentrations en Cr, Zn et Pb sont plus élevées avec un indice risque lié à la présence de Cr. Les résultats de ce travail ont permis de conclure qu’il existe un potentiel danger sanitaire pour les consommateurs des légumes lié à l’élément Cr, uniquement si ce dernier est sous forme CrVI
Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is particularly problematic around the world. The aim of this thesis was to assess the potentially harmful effects of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) on the dispersion of metals in the environment and their fate to human health in Dakar, Senegal. Studies first focused on the determination of metals in the soils of four WEEE recycling sites in Dakar (Mbeubeuss, Mermoz Pikine and Reubeuss) by LIBS and portable X-ray fluorescence techniques. The results of this work showed that all the sites studied were contaminated by elements such as Pb, Cr, Fe, Mn and Zn in comparison with a control site. The distribution of metals is highly dependent on the site and therefore on the recycling activity. The potential contamination of the population through the food chain was assessed by analyzing vegetables produced near the largest WEEE waste dump (Mbeubeuss). Speciation by sequential extraction of the elements Sb, Pb, Sr, Cr, Cu Mn and Zn in market garden soils showed that the elements were mainly present in the residual fraction. This approach has shown that the metals are not mobile and not very bioavailable to plants. The contamination of metallic elements in two batches of vegetables produced from two distinct market gardening areas near Mbeubeuss and the evaluation of the potential health risk associated with the consumption of these products were studied. The results obtained from the first batch showed the contents of Cu, Cr, Mn, Zn and Fe led to risk indices. For the 2nd batch of vegetables (closer to Mbeubeuss) the concentrations of Cr, Zn and Pb are higher with a risk linked to the presence of Cr. The results of this work led to the conclusion that there is a potential health hazard for consumers of vegetables linked to the Cr element, only if it is present as CrVI
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Allen, David. "Vegetable Fibre Geotextiles used to Reinforce and Reinstate Contaminated Soil." Thesis, Leeds Beckett University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.523682.

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Mhlauli, Ntuthuzelo Columbus. "Growth analysis and soil water balance of selected vegetable crops." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26200.

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Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document
Dissertation (M Inst Agrar (Horticulture Science))--University of Pretoria, 2000.
Plant Production and Soil Science
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Books on the topic "Soil and vegetable contamination"

1

British Columbia. Live Stock Branch., ed. Soil-contamination. Victoria, B.C: W.H. Cullin, 1997.

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Beyer, W. Nelson. Evaluating soil contamination. Washington DC: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 1990.

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Beyer, W. Nelson. Evaluating soil contamination. Washington, D.C. (1849 C St., N.W., Washington 20240): U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 1990.

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N, Dubois Anton, ed. Soil contamination: New research. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2008.

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B, Domínguez Javier, ed. Soil contamination research trends. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2008.

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Press, CRC, ed. Soil and water contamination. [Place of publication not identified]: CRC Press, 2006.

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Bini, Claudio. Soil contamination to land restoration. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Great, Britain Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs. Soil guideline values for cadmium contamination. Bristol: Environment Agency, 2002.

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Great, Britain Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs. Soil guideline values for selenium contamination. Bristol: Environment Agency, 2002.

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Great Britain. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. Soil guideline values for lead contamination. Bristol: Environment Agency, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Soil and vegetable contamination"

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Firuza, B. M., and M. B. Yusuf. "Agricultural Soil Contamination." In Soils of Malaysia, 155–66. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2017.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b21934-6.

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Firuza, B., and M. Yusuf. "Agricultural Soil Contamination." In Soils of Malaysia, 155–66. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315277189-7.

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Vermes, László. "Soil Contamination in Hungary." In Contaminated Soil ’90, 1447–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3270-1_333.

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Meuser, Helmut. "Contamination Influencing Soil Properties." In Environmental Pollution, 195–242. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9328-8_6.

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Cruz, Nuno M. C., and Sónia Morais Rodrigues. "Soil Contamination and Remediation." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 916–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95981-8_68.

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Cruz, Nuno M. C., and Sónia Morais Rodrigues. "Soil Contamination and Remediation." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71065-5_68-1.

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Houlding, Simon W. "Subsurface Soil Contamination Assessment." In 3D Geoscience Modeling, 203–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79012-6_12.

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Singh, B. R. "Soil Pollution and Contamination." In Methods for Assessment of Soil Degradation, 279–99. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003068716-15.

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Wei, Yongfen, and Huijuan Shao. "Soil Contamination and Conservation." In River Basin Environment: Evaluation, Management and Conservation, 289–309. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4070-5_13.

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Jeffries, Robert. "Chromium Contamination in Glasgow, Scotland." In Contaminated Soil ’95, 1537–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0421-0_185.

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Conference papers on the topic "Soil and vegetable contamination"

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Dahir, Hana, Alaa Mohamed, Sara Alsaeedi, and Tahra Elobeid. "Determination of Ocps and Pops Residues in Local Produce in Qatar and their Health Implications." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0210.

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In this study, a total of 49 samples of fruits and vegetables (dates, leafy vegetables and fruiting vegetables) produced locally in the farms in Qatar and 42 samples of soil and water from these farms were analyzed using Gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC/ECD), and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to detect residual levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). The levels of OCPs of all samples were below the MRLs. The correlation analysis results showed that water and soil could be a potential source of the contamination of aBHC, b-BHC, heptachlor, g-chlordane and endrin in the fruit and vegetable samples. In this study, a risk assessment analysis was also performed to estimate daily intake of OCPs by Qatari population. The risk assessment study revealed that the intake of the studied OCPs posed no risk to human health due to their levels of intake below MRLs.
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Samofalova, N. A., and N. N. Trutaeva. "PARASITOLOGICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF SOIL ON THE TERRITORY OF MOKVA HORTICULTURAL NON-PROFIT PARTNERSHIP IN KURSK." In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. VNIIP – FSC VIEV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6050437-8-2.2024.25.339-343.

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A parasitological condition of soil intended for growing crops requires special attention since it can contribute to the distribution of invasive material to humans and animals through plant crops. The article presents a parasitological and microbiological assessment of the soil on the territory of Mokva Horticultural NonProfit Partnership. The results of the studies showed that the prevalence of sample contamination was 20.1%. Eggs of geohelminths of epidemiological importance were found in the samples. The samples positive for Toxocara canis eggs ranged from 8.3% in individual plots to 27.5% in adjacent territory. Infected stray animals were the main sources of Toxocara canis eggs entering the soil of garden plots. The results of the studies on a parasitological condition of the soil on which vegetable and berry crops were grown showed its low contamination degree. Cultivated soil from garden plots was found to be contaminated in 11.4% of cases. Ascaris suum eggs were observed in the samples. The intensity of soil contamination was 8.3±1.1 specimens/kg. The detected pathogen of this species indicates the use of unsafe, from a parasitological point of view, farm animal waste to increase soil productivity and crop yields.
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Marin, Maria S., Lance Franklin, and Carol J. Miller. "Soil-Lead Contamination Screening Tool." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2005. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)329.

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Deeraj, A. D., and K. Ramya. "Effect of Diesel Contamination on Soil." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology (ICETET-2015). Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-09-5346-1_ce-504.

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Georges Govaere, Luis Alberto Cruz, and Jose Francisco Aguilar. "Study of Soil Erosion Process in Vegetable Crops." In 21st Century Watershed Technology: Improving Water Quality and Environment Conference Proceedings, 21-24 February 2010, Universidad EARTH, Costa Rica. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.29421.

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Wang, Ling, Guo-Yin Zhang, Shi-You Sun, Shu-Hua Ru, Nuan Geng, and Gui-Jin Chen. "Vertical Distribution of Available Heavy Metal in Vegetable Soil." In 2012 International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology (iCBEB). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbeb.2012.467.

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Fabijańczyk, Piotr. "Geostatistical Assessment of the Risk of Soil Contamination Using Soil Magnetometry." In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment. openjournals ugent, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/ichmet.71118.

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Fabijańczyk, Piotr. "Geostatistical Assessment of the Risk of Soil Contamination Using Soil Magnetometry." In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment. openjournals ugent, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/ichmet.71117.

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Belabbas, Amina, Djamel Boutoutaou, Sofiane Segaï, and Ladjel Segni. "Soil contamination by petroleum products. Southern Algerian case." In TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY: TMREES. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4959436.

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He, Lizbeth. "Drone-Aided Sensor Networks for Soil Contamination Monitoring." In 2023 IEEE Integrated STEM Education Conference (ISEC). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isec57711.2023.10402226.

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Reports on the topic "Soil and vegetable contamination"

1

Ghimire, Shuresh. Soil Fertility Management for Vegetable Farms. UConn Extension, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.61899/ucext.v1.062.2024.

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Ghimire, Shuresh. Soil Fertility Management for Vegetable Farms. UConn Extension, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.61899/ucext.v1.059.2024.

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Carpenter, Brandon H., and Ajay Nair. Biochar as a Soil Amendment for Vegetable Production. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2781.

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Mcnaughton, Michael, and William Eisele. Guidelines for Posting Soil Contamination Areas. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1237267.

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Rittmann, P. D. Soil contamination standards for protection of personnel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/353389.

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Sackschewsky, M. R. Fixation of soil surface contamination using natural polysaccharides. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10186437.

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Mix, P. D., and R. A. Winship. Hanford Site surface soil radioactive contamination control plan, March 1993. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10166938.

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Hardin, J. W., and R. O. Gilbert. Comparing statistical tests for detecting soil contamination greater than background. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10116108.

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McWhorter, D. B. Processes affecting soil and groundwater contamination by DNAPL in low-permeability media. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/447160.

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Sigg, R. A., and R. C. Hochel. LRAD soil surface contamination monitor test and demonstration at the Savannah River Site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/390424.

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