Relevant bibliographies by topics / Soil actinobacteria

Academic literature on the topic 'Soil actinobacteria'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Soil actinobacteria"

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Inayah, Mazidah Noer, Yulin Lestari, and Anja Meryandini. "Community of Soil Actinobacteria in PTPN VI Oil Palm Plantation Jambi (Sumatra, Indonesia) Based on Amplicon Sequencing of 16S rRNA Gene." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 29, no. 3 (March 21, 2022): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.29.3.389-398.

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In Sumatra, Indonesia, increased oil palm production encourages land expansion for oil palm plantations. And soil Actinobacteria have a potential role in agriculture and plantations ecosystems. The use of fertilizer and herbicide affects soil microbial diversity, including Actinobacteria. This research analyzed and investigated the community composition and diversity of Actinobacteria in soils of oil palm plantations in Jambi Sumatra. Amplicon-based analysis of the 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4 hypervariable region) was used to amplify actinobacterial full-length 16S sequences. The V3-V4 actinobacterial specific 16S rRNA gene sequencing was done using Next-Generation Sequencing. This study confirmed that actinobacterial specific 16S rRNA gene primer could amplify the actinobacterial 16S rRNA gene. Frankiales dominated the community composition of soilborne Actinobacteria. The diversity and community composition of soilborne Actinobacteria were not significantly affected by the interaction between fertilization and weed treatments. Furthermore, the use of NPK fertilizer significantly affected the abundance of Kineosporiales, whose abundance increased with the increasing concentration of NPK fertilizer. The interaction between fertilization and weeding treatments in the oil palm plantations has no impact on soil Actinobacteria's community composition and diversity.
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Wolińska, Agnieszka, Dorota Górniak, Urszula Zielenkiewicz, Agnieszka Kuźniar, Dariusz Izak, Artur Banach, and Mieczysław Błaszczyk. "Actinobacteria Structure in Autogenic, Hydrogenic and Lithogenic Cultivated and Non-Cultivated Soils: A Culture-Independent Approach." Agronomy 9, no. 10 (September 29, 2019): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9100598.

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The aim of the study was to determine the Actinobacteria structure in cultivated (C) versus non-cultivated (NC) soils divided into three groups (autogenic, hydrogenic, lithogenic) with consideration its formation process in order to assess the Actinobacteria sensitivity to agricultural soil use and soil genesis and to identify factors affecting their abundance. Sixteen C soil samples and sixteen NC samples serving as controls were taken for the study. Next generation sequencing (NGS) of the 16S rRNA metagenomic amplicons (Ion Torrent™ technology) and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) were applied for precise determination of biodiversity. Generally, greater abundance of Actinobacteria in the NC soils relative to the C soils was found. Moreover, it was indicated that the actinobacterial diversity depended on both the soil genesis and the land use; however, this effect directly depended on the particular family and genera. Two factors: redox potential (Eh) and total carbon (TC) seemed to had a significant effect on the diversity of Actinobacteria. More precisely, Actinobacteria from the NC soils displayed a greater affinity for each other and were clearly influenced by Eh, whilst those from the C soils were mostly influenced by TC.
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De Sousa, Juliani Barbosa, Leonardo Lima Bandeira, Valéria Maria Araújo Silva, Franciandro Dantas Dos Santos, Fernando Gouveia Cavalcante, Paulo Ivan Fernandes Júnior, Claudia Miranda Martins, and Suzana Cláudia Silveira Martins. "In Vitro Coinoculation Between Actinobacteria and Diazotrophic Nodulating Bacteria from the Semiarid." Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 17, no. 9 (September 13, 2023): e04127. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v17n9-007.

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Purpose: To evaluate the potential of actinobacterial strains from the Brazilian semiarid to establish facilitation relationships with native rhizobia from the same region. Theoretical framework: The study is based on the ecological and biotechnological importance of soil actinobacteria, producers of biosurfactants and enzymes, and of nitrogen-fixing rhizobia in legumes. Method: 50 strains of actinobacteria were isolated from soils from Ceará with different levels of anthropization and 19 strains of rhizobia using cowpea. The morphological, cultural and micromorphological characterization of the strains was performed, as well as the evaluation of their enzymatic profiles. In vitro facilitation tests were conducted between cellulolytic actinobacteria and non-cellulolytic rhizobia. Results: The soil areas presented a similar composition of actinobacteria, but strains from the anthropized area showed higher enzymatic activity. Two Streptomyces strains promoted the growth of non-cellulolytic rhizobia in vitro, indicating potential application as bioinoculants in microbial consortia. Conclusions: The study contributes to the knowledge of the interaction between beneficial microbial groups from the semiarid region and their possible biotechnological use in agriculture. Originality/value: Works on coinoculation between actinobacteria and rhizobia from semiarid soils are scarce.
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Sasidhar, Muralidharan, Selvam Masilamani, Abirami Baskaran, Manigundan Kaari, and Radhakrishnan Manikkam. "Antifungal activity of rare actinobacterium isolated from forest soil." Research Journal of Biotechnology 16, no. 10 (September 25, 2021): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1610rjbt92101.

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Prolonged use of antifungal drugs has led to the emergence of drug resistant fungal pathogens that pose serious threat to public health and challenge to researchers for discovering novel antifungal agents. Natural products from the members of phylum actinobacteria are the promising source of antibiotics including antifungal agents. Twenty-seven morphologically different actinobacterial cultures were isolated from the forest soils of Sabarimala, Kerala and Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. Actinobacterial strain LA34 showed promising antifungal activity when screened against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans, hence selected as potential strain. Antifungal compounds were produced from the strain LA34 using agar surface fermentation and its extraction was done using ethyl acetate and methanol. Results of cultural, microscopic and physiological characteristics as well as cell wall amino acid and sugars analysis revealed that the strain LA34 was nonstreptomyces or rare actinobacterium. Various carbon sources, nitrogen sources and minerals were found to influence antifungal compound production by the strain LA34. The present study concluded that the rare actinobacterial strain LA34 isolated from Lucknow forest soil is a promising source for the isolation of antifungal compounds.
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Li, Feina, Shaowei Liu, Qinpei Lu, Hongyun Zheng, Ilya A. Osterman, Dmitry A. Lukyanov, Petr V. Sergiev, et al. "Studies on Antibacterial Activity and Diversity of Cultivable Actinobacteria Isolated from Mangrove Soil in Futian and Maoweihai of China." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019 (June 9, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3476567.

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Mangrove is a rich and underexploited ecosystem with great microbial diversity for discovery of novel and chemically diverse antimicrobial compounds. The goal of the study was to explore the pharmaceutical actinobacterial resources from mangrove soil and gain insight into the diversity and novelty of cultivable actinobacteria. Consequently, 10 mangrove soil samples were collected from Futian and Maoweihai of China, and the culture-dependent method was employed to obtain actinobacteria. A total of 539 cultivable actinobacteria were isolated and distributed in 39 genera affiliated to 18 families of 8 orders by comparison analysis of partial 16S rRNA gene sequences. The dominant genus was Streptomyces (16.0 %), followed by Microbacterium (14.5 %), Agromyces (14.3 %), and Rhodococcus (11.9 %). Other 35 rare actinobacterial genera accounted for minor proportions. Notably, 11 strains showed relatively low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities (< 98.65 %) with validly described species. Based on genotypic analyses and phenotypic characteristics, 115 out of the 539 actinobacterial strains were chosen as representative strains to test their antibacterial activities against “ESKAPE” bacteria by agar well diffusion method and antibacterial mechanism by the double fluorescent protein reporter system. Fifty-four strains in 23 genera, including 2 potential new species, displayed antagonistic activity in antibacterial assay. Meanwhile, 5 strains in 3 genera exhibited inhibitory activity on protein biosynthesis due to ribosome stalling. These results demonstrate that cultivable actinobacteria from mangrove soil are potentially rich sources for discovery of new antibacterial metabolites and new actinobacterial taxa.
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de Menezes, Alexandre B., Miranda T. Prendergast-Miller, Pabhon Poonpatana, Mark Farrell, Andrew Bissett, Lynne M. Macdonald, Peter Toscas, Alan E. Richardson, and Peter H. Thrall. "C/N Ratio Drives Soil Actinobacterial Cellobiohydrolase Gene Diversity." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 9 (February 20, 2015): 3016–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00067-15.

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ABSTRACTCellulose accounts for approximately half of photosynthesis-fixed carbon; however, the ecology of its degradation in soil is still relatively poorly understood. The role of actinobacteria in cellulose degradation has not been extensively investigated despite their abundance in soil and known cellulose degradation capability. Here, the diversity and abundance of the actinobacterial glycoside hydrolase family 48 (cellobiohydrolase) gene in soils from three paired pasture-woodland sites were determined by using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis and clone libraries with gene-specific primers. For comparison, the diversity and abundance of general bacteria and fungi were also assessed. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of 80 clones revealed significant new diversity of actinobacterial GH48 genes, and analysis of translated protein sequences showed that these enzymes are likely to represent functional cellobiohydrolases. The soil C/N ratio was the primary environmental driver of GH48 community compositions across sites and land uses, demonstrating the importance of substrate quality in their ecology. Furthermore, mid-infrared (MIR) spectrometry-predicted humic organic carbon was distinctly more important to GH48 diversity than to total bacterial and fungal diversity. This suggests a link between the actinobacterial GH48 community and soil organic carbon dynamics and highlights the potential importance of actinobacteria in the terrestrial carbon cycle.
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Shirokikh, I. G., N. A. Bokov, E. V. Dabakh, L. V. Kondakova, and T. Ya Ashikhmina. "Diversity of active bacterial communities in the disposal sites of liquid waste of a chemical enterprise." Theoretical and Applied Ecology, no. 4 (December 18, 2023): 174–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25750/1995-4301-2023-4-174-183.

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The composition and taxonomic structure of the phylum Actinobacteria were studied on the example of technosols formed on the territory of the former tailings of liquid waste of a chemical enterprise in the floodplain of the Vyatka River. The diversity of actinobacteria in soil samples taken from three spatially remote monitoring sites (SG, SU1 and SU2), differing in the complex of physico-chemical properties and the nature of the vegetation cover, was studied. The results were compared with the background soil (BS) – alluvial soil selected on the territory of the Nurgush State Nature Reserve. The studies were carried out using high-performance sequencing using Illumina technology and the culture method (seeding). The culture method revealed representatives of the genera Streptomyces, Micromonospora, Streptosporangium and a number of oligospore forms in the actinobacterial complexes. The total number of actinomycetes in the samples of technosols varied from 2.4·104 to 1.8·105 CFU/g, and in the background soil was 8.5·103 CFU/g. Families of actinomycetes established by the seeding method were also detected using the amplicon sequencing of the V4 section of the 16S rRNA gene, but the molecular method made it possible to identify a number of other taxa in the studied samples, including those that do not have cultured representatives or are not yet classified. Using amplicon sequencing, it was found that representatives of the phylum Actinobacteria in samples of technogenically disturbed soils are absolute dominants in relative abundance in the total bacterial diversity. The proportion of actinobacteria in disturbed soils ranges from 33 to 41%, while in the background soil it is only 22%. Actinobacteria in the samples of technosols were represented by the families Micromonosporaceae, Micrococcaceae, Nocardioidaceae, Microbacteriaceae, Thermomonosporaceae, Pseudonocardiaceae, Actinosynnemataceae, and Intrasporangiaceae, etc. The taxonomic spectrum of actinobacteria in the BS sample was similar to technosols, but the proportion of taxa was different. The results obtained will be used in further studies of soil actinobiota in connection with changes in ecosystems disrupted by human economic activity, and are also of interest for the search and isolation of natural strains of actinobacteria for biotechnology purposes.
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Suela Silva, Monique, Alenir Naves Sales, Karina Teixeira Magalhães-Guedes, Disney Ribeiro Dias, and Rosane Freitas Schwan. "Brazilian Cerrado Soil Actinobacteria Ecology." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/503805.

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A total of 2152 Actinobacteria strains were isolated from native Cerrado (Brazilian Savannah) soils located in Passos, Luminárias, and Arcos municipalities (Minas Gerais State, Brazil). The soils were characterised for chemical and microbiological analysis. The microbial analysis led to the identification of nine genera (Streptomyces, Arthrobacter, Rhodococcus, Amycolatopsis, Microbacterium, Frankia, Leifsonia, Nakamurella,andKitasatospora) and 92 distinct species in both seasons studied (rainy and dry). The rainy season produced a high microbial population of all the aforementioned genera. The pH values of the soil samples from the Passos, Luminárias, and Arcos regions varied from 4.1 to 5.5. There were no significant differences in the concentrations of phosphorus, magnesium, and organic matter in the soils among the studied areas. Samples from the Arcos area contained large amounts of aluminium in the rainy season and both hydrogen and aluminium in the rainy and dry seasons. The Actinobacteria population seemed to be unaffected by the high levels of aluminium in the soil. Studies are being conducted to produce bioactive compounds from Actinobacteria fermentations on different substrates. The present data suggest that the number and diversity of Actinobacteria spp. in tropical soils represent a vast unexplored resource for the biotechnology of bioactives production.
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Xu, Ting, Kunpeng Cui, Jiawei Chen, Rui Wang, Xiangnan Wang, Longsheng Chen, Zhen Zhang, et al. "Biodiversity of Culturable Endophytic Actinobacteria Isolated from High Yield Camellia oleifera and Their Plant Growth Promotion Potential." Agriculture 11, no. 11 (November 16, 2021): 1150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11111150.

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Camellia oleifera Abel. is one of the world’s four famous woody oil trees and has drawn increasing attention because of its high commercial value. Endophytes are microorganisms inhabiting inside plant tissues, and their functions vary with the change of host status and environmental parameters. To deepen our understanding of the interactions between C. oleifera and their endophytic actinobacteria, the present study investigated the four endophytic actinobacterial composition-residing high-yield C. oleifera trees. A total of 156 endophytic actinobacterial isolates were obtained distributed in 17 genera. Among them, Streptomyces was the dominant endophytic actinobacteria, followed by Nocardia, Amycolatopsis, Microbiospora, Micromonospora and other rare actinobacteria genera. Soil characteristics including soil pH and organic matter were found to play crucial roles in shaping the endophytic actinobacterial community composition. Furthermore, all isolates were studied to determine their plant growth-promotion traits, 86.54% could produce Indole 3-Acetic Acid, 16.03% showed nitrogen-fixing, 21.15% showed phosphorus solubilizing, and 35.26% produced siderophore. Under the glasshouse condition, some isolates exhibited growth promotion effects on C. oleifera seedlings with significant increase in spring shoot length and ground diameter. Altogether, this study demonstrated that C. oleifera plants harbored a high diversity and novelty of culturable endophytic actinobacteria, which represent important potential as natural biofertilizers for the high production of C. oleifera.
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Rebai, Hadjer, Essam Nageh Sholkamy, Reem Mohammed Alharbi, Neveen Abdel-Raouf, Oumeima Boufercha, Paula Castro, and Allaoueddine Boudemagh. "Streptomyces sp. Strain SRH22: A Potential Bioremediation Agent for Glyphosate-Contaminated Agricultural Soils." Environment and Natural Resources Journal 21, no. 6 (October 24, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/21/20230181.

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Glyphosate, also known as N-phosphonomethylglycine, is the herbicide that is widely used across the globe. As there are concerns over its potential toxicity to non-target soil species, there is a growing interest in identifying glyphosate-degrading microorganisms in soil. Biodegradation, by actinobacteria, is a very promising approach to eliminate this pesticide from contaminated environments. The present work isolated and identified actinobacteria capable of degrading glyphosate from Saharan agriculture, as well as determined how the application of this herbicide affects the abundance of actinobacteria present in soil. It was observed that the use of glyphosate led to an increased abundance of actinobacteria in the soil compared to the untreated soil. Among this population, an actinobacterial strain was isolated from glyphosate contaminated soil by the enrichment method, and was identified to possess the greatest capability to degrade glyphosate at 50 mg/L. The identification of this strain was achieved through a combination of cultural, morphological, biochemical, and molecular techniques. This included the use of 16S rDNA sequencing, leading to its successful classification as Streptomyces sp. strain SRH22. This strain was assigned the accession number OQ302556 by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). A rapid, sensitive, and straightforward spectrophotometric technique was employed for the quantification of glyphosate. Results showed that the optimal biodegradation (90.2%) was obtained under a temperature of 30 degrees, a PH of 7.2, and an inoculum volume of 4% timed over six days. This work shows that the Streptomyces SRH22 presents good potentiality to be used as a bioremediation agent for agricultural soils in the Algerian Sahara.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Soil actinobacteria"

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Wang, Xiaoling. "Natural product discovery and biosynthesis from soil actinobacteria." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=203796.

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New structurally diverse natural products can be discovered when carefully designed screening procedures have been applied and when a prolific organism from a different biological source is examined, such as, rare actinobacteria from an untapped environment. Chapter 3 describes the isolation and structure characterisation of eight compounds from the rare actinobacterum, Saccharothrix xinjiangensis (NRRL B-24321), including, two new 16-member macrolides, Tianchimycin A and B, respectively. OSMAC (One Strain - Many Compounds) is used to search bioactive compounds from the metabolic profile of S. xinjiangensis, isolated from a semi-arid or desert area, Tanchi, Xinjiang in the study. Isolated compounds were characterised by NMR spectroscopy and accurate mass spectrometric analysis. Investigations of the natural products at all levels, from genes, to enzymes, to molecules has revealed insights into differentiating features of the biosynthetic pathways that lead to structural diversity of natural products. The presence of a halogen substituent in natural products profoundly influences their biology activity. Actinomycins are a well-known class of antibiotics/anticancer agents. Here, the gene cluster directing chlorinated actinomycin G biosynthesis in Streptomyces iakyrus (DSM 41873) has been identified and sequenced. It contains one actinomycin synthetase I (ACMS I) gene and two copies of ACMS II and III genes. Genetic analysis demonstrates a unique partnership between the putative hydroxylation and chlorination activities as both acm8 and acm9 genes need to be transcribed for the biosynthesis of actinomycin G2 and actinomycin G3, respectively. In chapter 5, I descries a possible metabolic flux rebalancing pathway for increasing phenazinomycin production in S. iakyrus (DSM 41873) after interruption of the methyltrasfer gene (acmG5') in actinomycin G gene cluster. The gene cluster of phenazinomycin was identified by in silico analysis and by comparison with a known phenazine gene cluster from S. iakyrus (DSM 41873).
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Lacey, Heather Jane. "Hidden Underworld: A Study Of Secondary Metabolites From Soil-Derived Actinobacteria." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29524.

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Natural products have played a key role in drug discovery and pharmacotherapy for a range of infectious, non-infectious, and lifestyle diseases. Despite the sophisticated synthetic technology now available to produce diverse chemical entities, novel chemical scaffolds are in short supply. High-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) and bioassay guided bioprospecting are investigative methods to discover the novel secondary metabolites of organisms. A library of 50,000 biologically active microbes was previously constructed, each of which produces high levels of secondary metabolites with a diverse array of UV spectra. From this collection, three soil Actinobacteria, Streptomyces sp. MST-91080, Streptomyces sp. MST-RA15507 and Amycolatopsis sp. MST-135876v3 were chosen for further investigation described in this thesis. A rich diversity of secondary metabolites has been uncovered. Spectroscopic structural elucidation and bioactivity profiling of Streptomyces sp. MST-91080 led to the discovery of six novel conglobatin analogues, conglobatins B1 (91), C1 (92), C2 (93), D1 (94), D2 (95) and E (96), a family of four tri-alkyl substituted aromatic acids, named after yeppoonic acids A – D (106 – 109), and resorculins A (127) and B (128). Research into Streptomyces sp. MST-RA15507 enabled the isolation of a family streptospiroles, previously reported compounds streptospiroles A – C (144 – 146) and des-chloro armeniaspirole C (148), plus a novel analogue armeniaspirol C2 (147). Halogen substitution experiments were undertaken to produce brominated analogues streptospiroles E, H and K (149 – 151), and full spectroscopic characterisation of all these compounds were undertaken, since this was previously absent from the literature. Finally, exploration of the metabolite profile of Amycolatopsis sp. MST-135876v3 led to the isolation and characterisation of two families of chlorinated cyclic hexapeptides pamplonatides A (159) and B (160), and suertide A (161). Brominated analogues of these compounds were generated, using successful hydrogen substitution experiments, which led to the isolation of bromo-analogues pamplonatide C (160), suertide B (163), and suertide C (164). Taken together, the results published have enriched our understanding of secondary metabolite production by demonstrating the sophistication of microbial biosynthesis and the ongoing potential for chemical novelty of soil derived, novel Actinobacteria in the treatment of disease
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Sen, Gargi. "Riddles of soil actinobacteria in tea gardens and selected other biotopes." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2022. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4797.

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Tawfik, Rahmy. "A Novel Approach to the Discovery of Natural Products From Actinobacteria." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6766.

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Actinobacteria, primarily the genus Streptomyces, have led to the development of a number of antibiotics, which result from their secondary metabolites or modified derivatives. Secondary metabolite production can result from competition with neighboring microbes in an effort to disrupt growth, aiding in the competition for vital nutrients in impoverished conditions. Such secondary metabolites have the potential to affect a plethora of cellular functions in target cells, including, cell wall development, protein synthesis, protein function and fatty acid synthesis/metabolism. Due to the pandemic spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria, it is imperative to continue the search for new therapeutic agents targeting these deadly organisms. As such, our group explored soil and marine samples from Tampa Bay’s surrounding farmlands and waterways for secondary metabolite producing microbes using culture methods specific to Actinobacteria. Through these efforts we isolated over 750 bacterial species, of which almost half are confirmed Actinobacteria. In an attempt to derive new and novel chemistry from these organisms, we used our novel collection, and developed techniques for epigenetic modification to un-silence dormant and cryptic metabolic pathways. Our work reveals that a number of these Actinobacteria produce secondary metabolites that are effective against the ESKAPE pathogens, some at very low concentrations. Although the bioactivity from secondary metabolites is a well-known source for antibiotic drug discovery, our epigenetic methods suggest a potential to isolate previously overlooked compounds that have a very real possibility for use as antibacterial therapeutics.
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Pizzul, Leticia. "Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by actinomycetes /." Uppsala : Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200650.pdf.

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Rakiep, Adeebah. "Analysis of actinobacterial biodiversity in reservoir sediment and cave soil and screening of isolates for antimycobacterial activity." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32941.

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A total of 56 presumptive actinobacterial strains was isolated from three different samples taken from the Silvermine Nature Reserve (Table Mountain National Park, Cape Town), namely, cave soil, the wall of the cave and sediment from the shallow waters of a reservoir. Twenty nine (29) isolates were successfully identified to the genus level by 16S-rRNA gene analysis: one Micrococcus strain, one Streptacidiphilus strain, one Micromonospora strain and 26 Streptomyces strains. The phylogenetic position of each identified strain within its genus was investigated by generating a phylogenetic tree based on its 16S-rRNA gene sequence. Further analysis of the Streptacidiphilus strain was conducted based on the gyrB gene. Metagenomic analysis was used to further analyse the actinobacterial diversity of the freshwater reservoir sediment from the Silvermine Nature Reserve. A total of 97 16S-rRNA gene clones was obtained from the reservoir sediment sample, RS1, using actinobacteriumspecific 16S-rRNA gene primers S-C-Act-0235-a-S-20-F and S-C-Act-0878-a-A-19-R and each clone was identified using the EzBioCloud database. Analysis based on unique phylotypes in the clone library revealed that 80% of the clone library was composed of actinobacterial strains belonging to the orders Acidimicrobiales, Streptomycetales, Streptosporangiales, Corynebacteriales, Sporichthyales and the family Jatrophihabitandaceae (the remaining 20% was identified as non-actinobacterial strains). The percentage composition of the actinobacterial clonal diversity for each order was as follows: Acidimicrobiales, 56%; Streptomycetales, 29%; Streptosporangiales, 9%; Corynebacteriales, 4%; Sporichthyales, 1% and family Jatrophihabitandaceae, 1%. Rarefaction analysis revealed that the total actinobacterial diversity of the sample was not represented in the clone library. Therefore, further sampling and analysis of the sample site would uncover greater actinobacterial diversity. Thirty seven (37) putative actinobacterial isolates of the 56 that were isolated from the Silvermine Nature Reserve were screened for antimycobacterial activity against the non-pathogenic Mycobacterium aurum strain A+ using a standard over-lay method. A total of five identified 2 actinobacterial isolates (Streptomyces strains RS6, RS7, RS9, RS13 and RS15) and an unidentified actinobacterium, strain RS4, demonstrated very strong antimycobacterial activity (zone of growth inhibition of over 3000 mm2 ). In addition, 15 of the 37 strains were active against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and three were active against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Streptomyces strains CS1, CS3, CS12, CS18, CS19, CW5, RS3, RS6, RS9, RS13 and RS15, displaying varying strengths of antimycobacterial antimicrobial activity, were selected for antibiotic extraction from culture broths. The resulting crude extracts were subjected to spot bioautography to test for antibacterial activity. The organic compounds extracted from the cell mass of Streptomyces strain CS3 and the broth fraction of Streptomyces strain RS3 demonstrated strong activity against M. aurum strain A+. Furthermore, the crude extracts of 15 actinobacterial isolates (Micromonospora strain RS10 and Streptomyces strains CS1, CS3, CS12, CS18, CW2, CW5, RS3, RS6, RS7, RS9, RS13, RS15, RS18 and RS19) were additionally tested for antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum strain NF54. Seven of these strains showed activity against Plasmodium namely, Streptomyces strains CW2, CW5, RS3, RS7, RS13, RS15 and RS19. Streptomyces strains CW2, CW5 and RS7 displayed the strongest activity against P. falciparum strain NF54 with IC50 values below the guideline threshold of 1000 ng/mL (strain CW2 culture broth crude extract: IC50 40 ng/mL, strain CW5 culture broth crude extract: IC50 128 ng/mL and strain RS7 culture broth crude extract: IC50 70 ng/mL).
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Busarakam, Kanungnid. "Novel actinobacterial diversity in arid Atacama Desert soils as a source of new drug leads." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2816.

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The search for new specialised metabolites, notably antibiotics, that can be developed for healthcare has steadily shifted towards the isolation and screening of rare and novel actinobacteria from extreme habitats on the premise that such habitats give rise to unique biodiversity that is the basis of novel chemistry. To this end, a taxonomic approach to bioprospecting for bioactive compounds was used to selectively isolate, dereplicate and classify actinobacteria from hyper-arid and extreme hyper-arid areas of the Atacama Desert in northwest Chile, namely from the Salar de Atacama and Yungay regions, respectively. Sample pretreatment and selective isolation strategies enabled the recovery of actinobacteria from each of these habitats and while population sizes were small, taxonomic diversity was high. Relatively large numbers of Amycolatopsis and Streptomyces strains were isolated from the hyper-arid Salar de Atacama soil, as were smaller numbers of Actinomadura, Kribbella, Lechevalieria, Nonomuraea and Saccharothrix strains. In contrast, Modestobacter and Streptomyces isolates predominated in the extreme hyper-arid Yungay soil, the latter also contained smaller numbers of Blastococcus, Couchioplanes, Geodermatophilus and Pseudonocardia strains. With few exceptions representatives of these genera formed distinct phyletic lines in 16S rRNA gene trees. Polyphasic studies carried out on strains of ecological and biotechnological interest showed that isolates assigned to the genera Modestobacter and Streptomyces belonged to putative new species, as exemplified by the proposal for Streptomyces leeuwenhoekii sp. nov. for strains that formed a distinct branch in the Streptomyces 16S rRNA gene tree. In contrast, representatives of the genus Amycolatopsis were assigned to known species, albeit ones classified in a rare taxon, the Amycolatopsis 16S rRNA gene clade. Most of the representative isolates examined in standard plug assays inhibited the growth of one or more of a panel of five wild type microorganisms. In addition, some of the representative streptomycetes from the hyper-arid Salar de Atacama soil were found to inhibit cell envelope, cell wall, fatty acid and RNA synthesis in assays based on the use of Bacillus subtilis reporter genes. The results of this project demonstrate for the first time that hyper-arid and extreme hyper-arid Atacama Desert soils are rich reservoirs of cultivable rare and novel actinobacteria with the capacity to produce a broad range of bioactive compounds that can be developed as drug leads for medicine. Indeed, microorganisms, unlike plants and animals, have overcome the prevailing harsh conditions of the Desert. Life abounds in the Atacama Desert, but most of it is microbial!
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Elison, Kalman Grim. "Purification, functional characterization and crystallization of the PerR peroxide sensor from Saccharopolyspora erythraea." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Strukturbiologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-387943.

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This report summarizes the work on the cloning, expression, and purification of PerR, a metal sensing regulator from Saccharopolyspora erythraea and the subsequent characterization using small angle X-ray scattering and other biochemical methods. The report aims to provide an insight into prokaryotic metal homeostasis, provide a better understanding of how PerR works and provide valuable information for the continued work on the crystallization of PerR.
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Mavengere, Natasha Robertha. "Isolation, identification and characterisation of novel actinobacteria from Zambian hot-springs." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3635.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
Actinomycetes are ubiquitous in many environments such as soil, activated sludge and water.Besides the genus Streptomyces, which has been extensively exploited, members of other genera including Micromonospora have been shown to be a promising source of novel secondary metabolites and enzymes.The biocatalytic conversion of 5-monosubstituted hydantoin derivatives to optically pure amino acids involves two reaction steps. The first step, catalysed by a hydantoinase, yields an N-carbamylamino acid intermediate, which is subsequently broken down by an Ncarbamoylase to the amino acid. This process has been successfully applied in industry for the production of optically pure amino acids which are used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals,insecticides, hormones, and food additives. The need for novel hydantoinases to hydrolyse a wider variety of substrates is increasing. This thesis describes the search for a novel hydantoinase from environmental isolates obtained from two Zambian hot-springs. The aim of this study was to isolate, characterise and screen novel actinobacteria for industrially relevant enzymes including hydantoinases. Fifty one actinobacteria were isolated. Isolates were characterized by a polyphasic approach using standard methods, combining phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characterization. Results revealed that these sites were dominated by actinobacteria belonging to the family Micromonosporaceae, and a potentially novel Verrucosispora species was identified. Screening the isolate identified a Streptomyces species which has hydantoinase, carbamoylase, amidase and nitrilase activities.The Streptomyces sp. hydantionase was cloned and functionally expressed in E.coli. The recombinant enzyme showed 49 % similarity to a crystallised hydantoinase from a Bacillus species. Homology modelling revealed that the enzyme had the TIM barrel topology which is characteristic of hydantoinases. Amino acid residues predicted to be involved in the catalytic activity as well as substrate orientation were identified. The partially purified hydantoinase was characterised and showed optimally activity at 45 °C and pH 8. This study revealed that hot springs may represent a previously unexplored source of novel actinobacterial diversity. However, it also revealed that novel secondary metabolites are not only limited to novel organisms but that some of the answers for the challenges we face today maybe found in organisms we have already encountered and characterised.
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Sarikhani, Ensyeh. "Půdní mikrobiální společenstva přispívající k rezistenci a resilienci půdního prostředí v agroekosystémech a na přírodních stanovištích." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-415197.

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Ensyeh Sarikhani Soil microbial communities in agroecosystems and natural habitats contributing to resistance and resilience of the soil environment. Summary The control of common scab of potatoes (CS) includes resistant varieties (cultivars), precise fertilization, increase of soil moisture, and chemical treatments. Yet, these management practices do not have common or reproducible results at differing sites. A monitoring study was done in 32 sites to evaluate the relation between CS and biological/chemical soil parameters. Correlations were observed between scab severity and content of nutrients such as Fe, N, and Ca in soil and periderm, and between disease severity and abundance of actinobacteria and total bacteria, together with the pathogenicity determinant, txtB gene (biosynthetic gene of thaxtomin) in both soil and periderm of potatoes. The findings led to novel conclusions, which can help to understand relationships applicable in scab control. Peat and DTPA chelated iron were supplemented to pots filled with soil conducive for CS in order to determine the effects of soil organic matter, iron and pH on CS development. The results were compared with data obtained for a suppressive soil from a nearby field with naturally low CS severity. Both peat and iron supplements decreased CS and the combination...
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Books on the topic "Soil actinobacteria"

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Subramaniam, Gopalakrishnan, Sathya Arumugam, and Vijayabharathi Rajendran. Plant Growth Promoting Actinobacteria: A New Avenue for Enhancing the Productivity and Soil Fertility of Grain Legumes. Springer Singapore Pte. Limited, 2018.

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Subramaniam, Gopalakrishnan, Sathya Arumugam, and Vijayabharathi Rajendran. Plant Growth Promoting Actinobacteria: A New Avenue for Enhancing the Productivity and Soil Fertility of Grain Legumes. Springer London, Limited, 2016.

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Subramaniam, Gopalakrishnan, Sathya Arumugam, and Vijayabharathi Rajendran. Plant Growth Promoting Actinobacteria: A New Avenue for Enhancing the Productivity and Soil Fertility of Grain Legumes. Springer, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "Soil actinobacteria"

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Jog, R., G. Nareshkumar, and S. Rajkumar. "Enhancing Soil Health and Plant Growth Promotion by Actinomycetes." In Plant Growth Promoting Actinobacteria, 33–45. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0707-1_3.

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Savitha, T., Ashraf Khalifa, and A. Sankaranarayanan. "Isolation of Actinobacteria from Soil and Marine Sediment Samples." In Methods in Actinobacteriology, 1–5. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1728-1_1.

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Roopa, K. P., and Anusha S. Gadag. "Management of Soil-Borne Diseases of Plants Through Some Cultural Practices and Actinobacteria." In Plant Health Under Biotic Stress, 129–45. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6043-5_7.

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Benimeli, Claudia S., Marta A. Polti, Virginia H. Albarracín, Carlos M. Abate, and María J. Amoroso. "Bioremediation Potential of Heavy Metal–Resistant Actinobacteria and Maize Plants in Polluted Soil." In Environmental Pollution, 459–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1914-9_20.

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Gtari, Maher, Louis S. Tisa, and Philippe Normand. "Diversity of Frankia Strains, Actinobacterial Symbionts of Actinorhizal Plants." In Soil Biology, 123–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39317-4_7.

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Khalifa, Ashraf, and A. Sankaranarayanan. "Isolation Actinobacteria from Desert Soils." In Methods in Actinobacteriology, 109–11. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1728-1_17.

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Aparicio, Juan D., María Z. Simón Solá, Mariana C. Atjián, Claudia S. Benimeli, and María Julia Amoroso. "Co-contaminated Soils Bioremediation by Actinobacteria." In Bioremediation in Latin America, 179–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05738-5_11.

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Kirby, Bronwyn M., Marilize Le Roes-Hill, S. Craig Cary, Stephanie G. Burton, I. Marla Tuffin, and Don A. Cowan. "Actinobacterial Diversity Associated with Antarctic Dry Valley Mineral Soils." In Handbook of Molecular Microbial Ecology II, 125–33. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118010549.ch13.

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Tamreihao, K., Nimaichand Salam, and Debananda S. Ningthoujam. "Use of Acidophilic or Acidotolerant Actinobacteria for Sustainable Agricultural Production in Acidic Soils." In Extremophiles in Eurasian Ecosystems: Ecology, Diversity, and Applications, 453–64. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0329-6_17.

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Shiburaj, Sugathan, and Sreenivasan Preethi. "Phylogenetic Analysis of Few Actinobacteria with Potential Antimicrobial Properties, Isolated from the Forest Soils of Western Ghats of Kerala." In Prospects in Bioscience: Addressing the Issues, 159–67. India: Springer India, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-0810-5_19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Soil actinobacteria"

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Borozan, Aurica Breica. "ACTINOBACTERIA - SOURCE OF INFORMATION ON SOIL QUALITY." In 13th SGEM GeoConference on WATER RESOURCES. FOREST, MARINE AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS. Stef92 Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2013/bc3/s13.002.

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Bhagat, Sonali, and Vikram Pundkar. "Cellulase enzyme-producing actinobacteria isolated and characterized from soil." In 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS ENGINEERING & SCIENCE: Insight on the Current Research in Materials Engineering and Science. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0111628.

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Artiomov, Laurentia. "Antioxidant capacity of the extthe actinobacteria microbial community structure in a typical chernozem soil." In 5th International Scientific Conference on Microbial Biotechnology. Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Republic of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52757/imb22.10.

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Pundkar, Vikram, and Sonali Bhagat. "Effect of carbon sources supplemented in wheat bran on production of amylase by actinobacteria isolated from saline soil." In 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS ENGINEERING & SCIENCE: Insight on the Current Research in Materials Engineering and Science. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0111633.

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Egovtseva, A. Yu, and T. N. Melnichuk. "The influence of microbial preparations and farming systems on the structure of the microbocenosis of the rhizosphere of Triticum aestivum L." In РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.09.

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Microorganisms are the most important bioindicators of the environment and ecological risk assessment. The impact of the no-till farming system in combination with microbial preparations needs to be studied and is an urgent task aimed at preserving fertility. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of pre-sowing inoculation with complex microbial preparations (CMP) and farming systems (no-till and conventional farming system) on the microbocenosis of the rhizosphere of Triticum aestivum L. in the Crimean Steppe. Microbiological analysis of the rhizosphere showed a significant increase in the number of actinobacteria (twice). The number of micromycetes, among which there are many pathogens of various plant diseases, decreased under direct sowing by 23 % as a result of inoculation and amounted to 21.5 thousand CFU/g of soil. The number of cellulose-destroying microorganisms that form soil fertility increased under the influence of microbial preparations by 23 % under conventional farming system (10.0 thousand CFU/g of soil); by 20 % under no-till (15.4 thousand CFU/g of soil). Thus, it was found that the use of microbial preparations under both farming techniques contributed to an increase in the number of microorganisms of most ecological-trophic groups that participate in the transformation of nitrogen in the rhizosphere, enhanced enzymatic processes, reduced the development of pathogenic microbiota and, consequently, contributed to improving the state of soil biocenosis.
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Muntyan, Victoria S., Alla S. Saksaganskaia, Alexey N. Muntyan, Mariia E. Vladimirova, and Marina L. Roumiantseva. "STRESS AND IMMUNITY OF NODULE BACTERIA SINORHIZOBIUM MELILOTI: LOCALIZATION, POLYMORPHISM AND PHYLOGENY OF GENETIC DETERMINANTS." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/6.1/s25.15.

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Sinorhizobium meliloti are agriculturally valuable species of soil bacteria that form nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with alfalfa plants. Global climate changes lead to an increase of agricultural areas subjected to salinity. Current knowledge about about high-salt stress impact on soil saprophitic root nodulated microsymbionts of legumes is weakly studied and rhizobia gene pool responsible for salt tolerance are fragment and far from clear. An increase of bacteria nonspecific resistance (immune status) to unfavorable stress factors can occur through the induction of defense mechanisms like restrictionmodification systems and CRISPR/cas systems which are aimed to protect bacteria cells from bacteriophages widespread in soil microbiome. The aim of this research was to evaluate the role of the megaplasmid pSymA in the formation of ecological genome of S. meliloti, which is related to stress tolerance and to determine the location of elements of adaptive immune systems protecting root nodule bacteria against external foreign DNA. The analysis was done on 11 genes, products of which involved in response to ion stress and synthesis of osmoprotectors. It was found that 6 out of 11 genes were found in the genomes of all analyzed S. meliloti strains, while it was not a case for other 5 genes. It was found that, unlike chromosome, megaplasmid I of S. meliloti accumulated copies of 4 from 5 genes, except kdpA gene, which is represented by a single copy and localized on megaplasmid I in all so far studied strains. It was predicted that closest phylogenetic relatives of genes whose products are involved in response to ion stress as well in synthesis of osmoprotectors are homologous genes of closely related S. medicae species. The exception was for betI2, for which the closest phylogenetic relative was homologous gene of Klebsiella pneumonia, and another exception is kdpA gene introduced onto megaplasmid-I from actinobacteria. Regarding elements of immune systems it was revealed that nonsymbiotic plasmids of S. meliloti harbored incomplete elements of RMS-I, -II, and - III systems, while the 4 complete RMS-IV systems were detected on a single plasmid. It was found out that corresponding methylases had similarities with similar enzymes detected in nitrogen-fixing strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Mezorhizobium sp., Bradyrhizobium sp. CRISPR sequences were not detected on megaplasmid-I, while they were on chromosome, megaplasmid-II and on cryptic plasmids. So, it was concluded that megaplasmid-I of S. meliloti are enriched in copies of genes related to osmotic stress tolerance, but it role in immune status of rhizobia is requested further elucidation.
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Indoitu, Diana. "The effect of farming system on soil prokaryotic communities in Moldova." In 5th International Scientific Conference on Microbial Biotechnology. Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Republic of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52757/imb22.21.

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The soil microbiome plays an important role in the functioning of ecosystems. The influence of farming systems on the soil prokaryotic communities has not been sufficiently studied. Using metagenomic analyzes (high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene on the Illumina platform), we studied the abundance, structure, and diversity of the prokaryotic community of the typical low-humus chernozem in two forage crops rotations (with and without inclusion of alfalfa) on the following variants: control without fertilizers (CON), mineral fertilizers (NPK) and organic fertilizers - manure (ORG). The research was carried out in the long-term field experiment on the “Biotron” Experimental Station of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova (Chisinau). The doses of fertilizers were calculated according to the crop in order to compensate for the quantitative content of NPK used, 100 tons of manure instead of N450P109K470. Soil samples were taken from the top soil layer (0-30 cm) in 2021. The metagenomic analysis of soil was done using equipment of the Core Centrum ‘Genomic Technologies, Proteomics and Cell Biology’ in ARRIAM. This research was conducted as part of state projects of the Republic of Moldova 20.80009.5107 “Efficient use of soil resources and microbial diversity through the use of elements of biological (organic) farming”. Analysis of the soil prokaryotic communities in typical chernozem of the Central Zone of Moldova revealed the dominant presence of 5 phyla of bacteria in 2020 and 4 phyla of bacteria in 2021: Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Firmicutes and Acidobacteriota (in 2020) (table 1). Only one of identified phyla belongs to the archaea – Nitrososphaerota (Thaumarchaeota). Table 1. The dominant phyla, 2021 Crop rotation with alfalfa CON NPK ORG 1 Proteobacteria 14,67% Thaumarchaeota 15,32% Proteobacteria 11,64% 2 Actinobacteriota 14,04% Actinobacteriota 14,04% Thaumarchaeota 11,33% 3 Thaumarchaeota 10,39% Proteobacteria 10,81% Actinobacteriota 8,90% 5 Bacteroidota 6,84% Firmicutes 4,56% Bacteroidota 4,33% 6 Firmicutes 4,00% Bacteroidota 2,46% Firmicutes 3,05% Crop rotation without alfalfa 1 Proteobacteria 13,00% Actinobacteriota 14,62% Thaumarchaeota 16,23% 2 Thaumarchaeota 12,99% Thaumarchaeota 13,36% Actinobacteriota 10,14% 3 Actinobacteriota 11,92% Proteobacteria 12,02% Proteobacteria 7,08% 5 Bacteroidota 4,18% Firmicutes 4,10% Firmicutes 3,94% 6 Firmicutes 3,46% Bacteroidota 3,24% Neclasificat Bacteria 1,94% Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota dominated in all studied variants and in all studied years. The content of Actinobacteriota was slightly lower in the rotation with alfalfa in all studied variants. The content of Bacteroidota was higher in the crop rotation without alfalfa in all variants. The most numerous family in 2020 was Micrococcaceae family from the phylum Acidobacteriota, then Chitinophagaceae from the phylum Bacteroidota and Sphingomonadaceae from the phylum Proteobacteria
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Reports on the topic "Soil actinobacteria"

1

Minz, Dror, Eric Nelson, and Yitzhak Hadar. Ecology of seed-colonizing microbial communities: influence of soil and plant factors and implications for rhizosphere microbiology. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7587728.bard.

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Original objectives: Our initial project objectives were to 1) Determine and compare the composition of seed-colonizing microbial communities on seeds, 2) Determine the dynamics of development of microbial communities on seeds, and 3) Determine and compare the composition of seed-colonizing microbial communities with the composition of those in the soil and rhizosphere of the plants. Revisions to objectives: Our initial work on this project was hampered by the presence of native Pythium species in the soils we were using (in the US), preventing us from getting accurate assessments of spermosphere microbial communities. In our initial work, we tried to get around this problem by focusing on water potentials that might reduce damage from native Pythium species. This also prompted some initial investigation of the oomycete communities associated seedlings in this soil. However, for this work to proceed in a way that would allow us to examine seed-colonizing communities on healthy plants, we needed to either physically treat soils or amend soils with composts to suppress damage from Pythium. In the end, we followed the compost amendment line of investigation, which took us away from our initial objectives, but led to interesting work focusing on seed-associated microbial communities and their functional significance to seed-infecting pathogens. Work done in Israel was using suppressive compost amended potting mix throughout the study and did not have such problems. Our work focused on the following objectives: 1) to determine whether different plant species support a microbial induced suppression of Pythium damping-off, 2) to determine whether compost microbes that colonize seeds during early stages of seed germination can adequately explain levels of damping-off suppression observed, 3) to characterize cucumber seed-colonizing microbial communities that give rise to the disease suppressive properties, 4) assess carbon competition between seed-colonizing microbes and Pythium sporangia as a means of explaining Pythium damping-off suppression. Background: Earlier work demonstrated that seed-colonizing microbes might explain Pythium suppression. Yet these seed-colonizing microbial communities have never been characterized and their functional significance to Pythium damping-off suppression is not known. Our work set out to confirm the disease suppressive properties of seed-colonizing microbes, to characterize communities, and begin to determine the mechanisms by which Pythium suppression occurs. Major Conclusions: Compost-induced suppression of Pythium damping-off of cucumber and wheat can be explained by the bacterial consortia colonizing seeds within 8 h of sowing. Suppression on pea was highly variable. Fungi and archaea play no role in disease suppression. Potentially significant bacterial taxa are those with affinities to Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Current sequencing efforts are trying to resolve these taxa. Seed colonizing bacteria suppress Pythium by carbon competition, allowing sporangium germination by preventing the development of germ tubes. Presence of Pythium had a strong effect on microbial community on the seed.
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