Journal articles on the topic 'Soil acidity'
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KUMAR, MANOJ. "Rising levels of soil acidity in Meghalaya: Evidences and Imperatives." Annals of Plant and Soil Research 23, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.47815/apsr.2021.10073.
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In order to examine the current status of soil acidity in Meghalaya, representative soil samples (n= 497) were collected (during 2015-2016) from across the state and analyzed for soil acidity and associated parameters. Averaged across the samples, pH of the soils was found to be very strongly acidic (4.94). Nearly 20 % of the soils had pH below 4.50, 59% below pH 5.0 and 80% below pH 5.50. Only 3.4% of the samples recorded pH more than 6.0. East Khasi Hills District had the maximum percentage (95.1%) of strongly acidic soils (pH ≤ 5.50) while Garo Hills had the least (50.2%). All other districts recorded more than 85% of the strongly acidic soils. Average exchangeable acidity, exchangeable Al and effective CEC were found to be 1.60, 1.27 and 3.86 meq/100g soil, respectively. Mean base saturation was recorded below 60%. Aluminium saturation (percentage of effective CEC being occupied by exch. Al) ranged from 1.5 to 79.7% with its mean value being as high as 33%. Principal component analysis provided three PCs with Eigen values >1 and together they explained 83.2 % of the variance in total dataset. The soil acidity in Meghalaya is on rise, with 80.2% of its soils being strongly acidic (pH ≤ 5.50) in contrast to the previous reports of 53% soils being strongly acidic. This calls for widespread adoption of soil acidity ameliorative measures in agriculture of Meghalaya, Northeast India.
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Abure, Tesfaye. "Status of Soil Acidity under Different Land Use Types and Soil Depths: The Case of Hojje Watershed of Gomibora District, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2022 (November 12, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7060766.
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In the humid regions of Ethiopia, soil productivity and fertility are significantly affected by soil acidity, which is connected to infertility and mineral toxicity. The study aimed to assess the status of soil acidity under different land use types and soil depths in Hojje watershed of Gomibora district, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia, in November 1, 2020. Soil samples (24 nos.) were collected using X-design format from four different land use typeshome garden, cultivated land, grazing land, and Eucalyptus plantation at two soil depths (0–20 cm and 20–40 cm). The soil samples were prepared, their physiochemical characteristics were examined, and statistical analysis was performed. The results indicated that the soil under cultivated land and Eucalyptus plantation were strongly acidic (pH 5.15 and 5.32) with mean values of exchangeable acidity (4.6, 4.59 cmol(+) kg−1) and acid saturation percentage (47.85, 46.96%), respectively. The grazing land was moderately acidic (pH 5.63) and home garden soil was slightly acidic (pH 6.67). The home garden soils had statistically significant ( p < 0.01 ) lower exchangeable acidity (0.64 cmol(+) kg−1) and acid saturation percentage (2.61%). Although, soil pH (H2O and KCl), exchangeable acidity, acid saturation percentage, exchangeable base, CEC, and base saturation are significantly ( p < 0.01 ) affected by both the main effect and interaction effects of the two factors. As a result, it is advised to apply lime to the cultivated land to reduce the acidity of the soil for profitable crop production as the amount of acidity is above the tolerance limit for the area’s locally produced crops.
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Devi, M. M., D. Bhattacharyya, K. N. Das, D. K. Patgiri, K. Kurmi, H. Saikia, and K. D. Devi. "Dynamics of Acidity Component of the Soils as Influenced by Liming in Upper Brahmaputra Valley Zone of Assam, India." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29 (2023): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02s.025.
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An incubation study was conducted to investigate the effect of lime (CaCO3 )on the acidity components in Upper Brahmaputra Valley Zone (UBVZ) of Assam. Fourteen(14) geo-referenced soil samples were collected from Sibsagar and Jorhat districts of Assam. Soils were treated with 3 different doses of lime viz. 10 per cent Lime Requirement (LR10), 25 per cent Lime Requirement (LR25) and 50 per cent of Lime Requirement (LR50) and initial properties were recorded before liming. Samples were incubated in laboratory at different period of time viz. 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after liming (DAL) with moisture content at Field Capacity (0.33 bar). At four different intervals, soils were analysed for soil acidity components viz. total acidity, exchange acidity, exchangeable Al3+ and exchangeable H+. The soil of Upper Brahmaputra Valley Zone (UBVZ) of Assam were highly acidic to moderately acidic, sandy loam to silt loam in texture with high OC content ranged from 0.72 to 2.59%. The Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) value ranged from 7.8 to 14.2 cmol (p+)/ kg. Application of lime brought about mark decreased in acidity components viz. total acidity, exchange acidity, exchangeable aluminium and exchangeable hydrogen. Soil acidity components recorded highest decreased at 90 DAL @ LR50 and decreased started from 15 days onwards. The findings of the investigation showed that liming @ LR10 was found effective in reducing soil acidity. The residual effect of lime was found persisting till 90 days. However, the magnitude of lime was increasing with increase in application of lime@ from LR10 to LR25 and to LR50.
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Warke, Amanuel, and Tesfaye Wakgari. "A Review on the Impact of Soil Acidification on Plant Nutrient Availability, Crop Productivity, and Management Options in the Ethiopian Highlands." Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 13, no. 2 (April 2, 2024): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20241302.13.
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Soil acidity is a type of soil deterioration that has a negative impact on Ethiopia's overall and Western Oromia's specific sustainable agricultural production. Currently, soil acidity in highland portions of Western Oromia, including Gimbi, Nedjo, and surrounding areas, is a major problem that can impede agricultural productivity. Reviewing the mechanisms of soil acidification, which can affect soil nutrient availability and agricultural production, as well as management choices, were done in this context for this review topic. The main causes of acid soils are leaching of exchangeable basic cations and topsoil erosion caused by high temperatures and heavy rains, which promote the loss of organic matter the most. In most of Ethiopia's highland regions, the removal of agricultural waste and ongoing use of inorganic fertilizers that produce acidity are major factors in the development of soil acidity. Al and Mn toxicity are caused by acid soil, which also reduces nutrient availability. Furthermore, agricultural yield decreases due to acidity in the soil. The management options for acid soils include crop types resistant to Al toxicity, liming, and the use of organic materials as integrated forms of soil fertility control. Therefore, lime and organic fertilizers should be employed as crucial agricultural techniques for small-holder farmers in acidic soil locations in order to decrease the effects of soil acidity.
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Chen, Jingjing, Junfeng Yu, Zhongyi Li, Jia Zhou, and Linqing Zhan. "Ameliorating Effects of Biochar, Sheep Manure and Chicken Manure on Acidified Purple Soil." Agronomy 13, no. 4 (April 17, 2023): 1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13041142.
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The proportion of acidic purple soils has increased. Consequently, an effective method for amelioration of acidic purple soils is urgently needed. A 40 day incubation experiment using apple tree biochar, fermented sheep manure and chicken manure was conducted to assess the effects of organic materials on the acidity and fertility of acidic purple soil. The results showed that application of organic materials increased soil pH and decreased soil-exchangeable acidity. All of the treatments increased soil-exchangeable and water-soluble base cations after incubation. Specifically, biochar increased soil pH and reduced exchangeable acidity more than the other two fermented manures, because biochar was rich in carbonates and other alkaline substances. The concentration of soil available K was significantly higher under biochar than manure addition, while the opposite was true for soil available P and N, with a higher increase in soil available P in the manure treatments. By evaluating the soil fertility using a fuzzy comprehensive method, it was found that the fermented livestock manure enhanced soil fertility more strongly than biochar. Considering the effectiveness of soil amendments and production cost, applying a large amount of fermented organic fertilizer is an effective approach to the amelioration of acidified purple soil.
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Sanaullah, A. F. M., M. Akhtaruzzaman, and M. A. Uddin. "Effect of Topography and Soil Depth on Clay Content, Organic Matter Content, Active Acidity, Reserve Acidity and Cation Exchange Capacity of Some Tea Soils of Bangladesh." Journal of Scientific Research 8, no. 2 (May 1, 2016): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v8i2.26867.
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Soil samples were collected from M. R. Khan tea-estate area of Moulvibazar district, Bangladesh. Organic matter, active acidity, reserve acidity, cation exchange capacity, clay content and textural class of the collected soil samples for different topographic positions and depths were determined. The percentage of sand, silt and clay varied from 59.75 to 70.50, 12.50 to 20.00 and 14.50 to 22.75, respectively. Active acidity and reserve acidity of the soils varied from 4.13 to 5.82 and 3.46 to 4.84, respectively. Organic matter content varied from 0.37% to 1.93%. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) varied from 11.42 to 24.86 cmolKg-1. Soils were acidic in nature with considerably high reserve acidity. The measured parameters of the soil samples were plotted and analyzed with reference to topography and depth. The parameters have been found to vary with sampling sites, depths and topography.
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Schier, George A., and Roy L. Patton. "Damping-off disease of pine seedlings on soils treated with simulated acidic rain." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): 838–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-091.
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Damping-off during seed germination and early seedling growth of Pinusrigida Mill., Pinusechinata Mill., Pinustaeda L., and Pinusstrobus L. were observed for 28 days on three New Jersey (U.S.A.) Pine Barrens soils (Atsion, Downer, Lakewood) treated with simulated acidic rain solutions of pH 4.2, 3.5, or 3.0 (SO42−:Cl−:NO3−, 2.2:1.4:1.0). The soils were sandy, highly acidic, and deficient in mineral nutrients. Treatment with rain solution was started 53 days before planting the pine seeds and continued during germination. Seedling emergence and seedling mortality were affected significantly by solution pH, soils, and species. Seedling emergence of all pine species on Atsion and Lakewood soils decreased with increasing solution acidity. On Downer soil seedling emergence was unaffected by solution acidity probably because the buffering action of the soil decreased the acidity of the rain solution. Seedling mortality of all species increased with increasing treatment acidity on all soils and was significantly higher on Atsion (100% at pH 3.0) than on the other soils. Although solution acidity significantly increased the concentration of Al in the soil solution, there was no evidence of Al toxicity. Two isolated fungal species, a Trichoderma and a Penicillium, significantly reduced seedling emergence and increased seedling mortality of P. rigida in sterile, acid-washed quartz sand; however, neither seedling emergence nor seedling mortality was affected significantly by solution acidity.
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&NA;. "Soil Acidity." Soil Science 153, no. 3 (March 1992): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199203000-00011.
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Devi, Manoharmayum Monica, Devajit Bhattacharyya, Kulendra Nath Das, and Keisham Dony Devi. "Distribution Study of the Different Forms of Soil Acidity and Available Nutrients in Upper Brahmaputra Valley Zone (UBVZ) of Assam." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 18 (July 21, 2023): 634–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i183328.
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Soil acidity is a major constraint that affect crop growth and production in larger aspect. The objective of the study is to characterize different forms of soil acidity components in relation to the soil properties. So, 14 georeferenced soil samples were collected from Jorhat and Sibsagar district of Assam. The soils of UBVZ of Assam were highly to moderately acidic (pH range 4.27 to 5.34) with sandy loam to silty clay loam in texture and high content of organic carbon ranged from 0.72 to 2.59%. The exchangeable Ca and Mg value ranged from 1.40-2.64 cmol(p+)/kg and 0.7-2.0 cmol(p+)/kg, respectively with CEC from 7.8 to 14.2 cmol(p+)/kg and BS from 25.03 to 43.76%. Correlation between soil physico-chemical properties and soil acidity components revealed that OC had positive correlation with total acidity (r = 0.638*) and exchange acidity (r = 0.551*) while BS% had negative significant correlation with total acidity (r = -0.540*). Exchangeable calcium was significantly correlated with total acidity (r = -0.751**), exchange acidity (r = -0.610*) and exchangeable H+ (r = -0.557*) while Ex Mg had significant negative correlation with exchangeable H+ (r=-0.596*). Deficiency of various nutrients in soil can hinder the yield productive prospects in future. So, we must think of the holistic approach to meet the present need of the nutrients.
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Minina, N. N., A. R. Makhmutov, and O. V. Sinelnikova. "Agrochemical characteristics of soils in the vicinity of the village of Mishkino, Mishkinsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1043, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1043/1/012053.
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Abstract The article is devoted to the analysis of the dynamics of the content of such important elements of fertility as phosphorus and potassium and the acidity of arable soils in the vicinity of the Mishkino Mishkinsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan is determined. The data on the content of phosphorus and potassium and the determination of acidity in the soils of the Mishkinsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan from 1976 to 2000 were compared. Studies on the phosphorus content in the soils of the Mishkino district conducted in 1976 showed an average level of phosphorus availability. Studies conducted in 1992 showed a slight increase in the availability of phosphorus in the soil. Studies in 2015 and 2020 showed a continuing trend of increasing the availability of phosphorus in the soil. Studies conducted to study the potassium content showed a fairly low potassium content in 1976. In 1992, in general, there were changes in the classes of security and in the amount of potassium content in the soil. Studies in 2015 and 2020 showed a steady trend towards an increase in potassium content in the soils of the district and the presence of soils only with an increased and high potassium content. Studies on soil acidity conducted in 1976 showed that the area of arable soils is mainly represented by medium-acid and slightly acidic soils. Studies in 1992 showed an increase in soil acidity. In the following years, the farm undertook methods of agrochemical effects on soils in order to reduce acidity. Research 2015. and 2020 showed a significant decrease in the acidity of arable soils. It has been established that due to the use of methods of rational nature management of territories, the area of agricultural soils with an average and increased content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium increases, processes of neutralization of strongly acidic soils occur.
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Hilman, Yusdar, Anuar Abdul Rahim, Mohamed Hanafi Musa, and Azizah Hashim. "PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF FACTORS DETERMINING PHOSPHATE ROCK DISSOLUTION ON ACID SOILS." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 1 (October 25, 2016): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v8n1.2007.10-16.
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Many of the agricultural soils in Indonesia are acidic and low in both total and available phosphorus which severely limits their potential for crops production. These problems can be corrected by application of chemical fertilizers. However, these fertilizers are expensive, and cheaper alternatives such as phosphate rock (PR) have been considered. Several soil factors may influence the dissolution of PR in soils, including both chemical and physical properties. The study aimed to identify PR dissolution factors and evaluate their relative magnitude. The experiment was conducted in Soil Chemical Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia and Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development from January to April 2002. The principal component analysis (PCA) was used to characterize acid soils in an incubation system into a number of factors that may affect PR dissolution. Three major factors selected were soil texture, soil acidity, and fertilization. Using the scores of individual factors as independent variables, stepwise regression analysis was performed to derive a PR dissolution function. The factors influencing PR dissolution in order of importance were soil texture, soil acidity, then fertilization. Soil texture factors including clay content and organic C, and soil acidity factor such as P retention capacity interacted positively with P dissolution and promoted PR dissolution effectively. Soil texture factors, such as sand and silt content, soil acidity factors such as pH, and exchangeable Ca decreased PR dissolution.
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Hilman, Yusdar, Anuar Abdul Rahim, Mohamed Hanafi Musa, and Azizah Hashim. "PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF FACTORS DETERMINING PHOSPHATE ROCK DISSOLUTION ON ACID SOILS." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 1 (October 25, 2016): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v8n1.2007.p10-16.
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Many of the agricultural soils in Indonesia are acidic and low in both total and available phosphorus which severely limits their potential for crops production. These problems can be corrected by application of chemical fertilizers. However, these fertilizers are expensive, and cheaper alternatives such as phosphate rock (PR) have been considered. Several soil factors may influence the dissolution of PR in soils, including both chemical and physical properties. The study aimed to identify PR dissolution factors and evaluate their relative magnitude. The experiment was conducted in Soil Chemical Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia and Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development from January to April 2002. The principal component analysis (PCA) was used to characterize acid soils in an incubation system into a number of factors that may affect PR dissolution. Three major factors selected were soil texture, soil acidity, and fertilization. Using the scores of individual factors as independent variables, stepwise regression analysis was performed to derive a PR dissolution function. The factors influencing PR dissolution in order of importance were soil texture, soil acidity, then fertilization. Soil texture factors including clay content and organic C, and soil acidity factor such as P retention capacity interacted positively with P dissolution and promoted PR dissolution effectively. Soil texture factors, such as sand and silt content, soil acidity factors such as pH, and exchangeable Ca decreased PR dissolution.
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Zama, Naledi, Kevin Kirkman, Ntuthuko Mkhize, Michelle Tedder, and Anathi Magadlela. "Soil Acidification in Nutrient-Enriched Soils Reduces the Growth, Nutrient Concentrations, and Nitrogen-Use Efficiencies of Vachellia sieberiana (DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr Saplings." Plants 11, no. 24 (December 17, 2022): 3564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11243564.
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Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrient enrichment is important for grasslands. This study aimed to determine how soils enriched with N and P influenced soil concentration correlations and affected the growth kinetics, mineral nutrition, and nitrogen-use efficiencies of Vachellia sieberiana grown in a greenhouse experiment. The soils used as the growth substrate were analysed and showed extreme acidity (low soil pH, 3.9). Nitrogen-enriched soils were more acidic than P-enriched soils. Exchangeable acidity was strongly negatively correlated with an increase in soil pH, with soil pH between 3.9 and 4.1 units showing the strongest decline. Plant saplings showed increased root biomass, shoot biomass, total biomass, and plant N and P concentrations when grown in soils with high soil P concentrations. Extreme soil acidification in N-enriched soil was one of the main factors causing P unavailability, decreasing sapling growth. Extreme soil acidification increased concentrations of toxic heavy metals, such as Al which may be alleviated by adding lime to the extremely acidic soils. Research implications suggest that soil pH is an important chemical property of the soil and plays a significant role in legume plant growth. Legume species that are unable to tolerate acidic soils may acquire different strategies for growth and functioning.
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Tadesse, Amanuel. "Soil Acidity Causes in Ethiopia, Consequences and Mitigation Strategies-A Review." International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences 5, no. 1 (June 20, 2024): 86–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2024.5113.
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Soil acidity is a serious land degradation problem and worldwide danger, impacting approximately 50% of the world's arable soils and limiting agricultural yield. Soil acidification is a complicated series of events that lead to the production of acidic soil. In its widest sense, it can be defined as the total of natural and human processes that reduce the pH of soil solutions. Soil acidity affects around 43% of agricultural land in Ethiopia's humid and sub humid highlands. Acid soils in western Ethiopia are mostly caused by topsoil erosion caused by heavy rains and high temperatures. This results in the loss of organic matter and the leaching of exchangeable basic cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+). Because ammonium-based fertilizers are easily converted to nitrate and hydrogen ions in the soil, they play a significant role in acidification. One of the reasons of soil acidity is inefficient nitrogen usage, which is followed by alkalinity exports in crops. Soil acidity in Ethiopian highlands is mostly caused by the clearance of crop residues, continuous crop harvest without sufficient fertilization, cation removal, and usage of acid-forming inorganic fertilizers. Acid soil reduces nutrient availability and produces Al and Mn toxicity. In addition to these effects, soil acidity may rapidly degrade soil physicochemical qualities such as organic carbon (OC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil structure, porosity, and texture. Liming, the use of organic materials as ISFM, and the adoption of crop types that are resistant to Al toxicity are all alternatives for correcting acid soils. Liming can minimize toxicity by lowering concentrations, improving the availability of plant nutrients like P, Ca, Mg, and K in the soil, and reducing heavy metal solubility and leaching. Application of organic matter has a liming impact because of its abundance in alkaline cations (such Ca, Mg, and K) that were released from OM during mineralization. The pH of the soil is raised by soil organic matter, which helps with soil acidity supplements.
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Kõlli, Raimo, Karin Kauer, and Tõnu Tõnutare. "Topsoil acidity of forested mineral lands in Estonia." BALTIC FORESTRY 25, no. 2 (February 25, 2019): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46490/vol25iss2pp213.
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Abstract. The active acidity (pH) of forested mineral lands’ topsoil, its relationships with alternative soil acidity characteristics and the influence of soil acidity on forest soils’ profile fabric and functioning are analysed in the pedo-ecological conditions of northeastern Europe. The active acidity of the forest floor (O-horizon) was taken as the baseline for this analysis. The acidity of the forest floor was studied in accordance with the underlying soil horizons, which are humus and/or raw-humus horizons in the more fertile soils, whereas in less fertile soils, they are podzolized horizons. The data on soil acidity are presented by main soil types, forest site types, forest humus cover types (pro humus forms) and forest stand groups. In this work, the influences of forest floor acidity on mineral topsoil fabric, soil processes and peculiarities of carbon sequestration are explained. The active acidity of the forest floor provides a great indicative value in elucidating the regularities of the forest soil cover, as a whole, formation and functioning. For evaluating the normality of soil functioning, or the absence of disturbances in ecosystem functioning, the intervals of soil type specific reference pH levels have been established.
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Nduwumuremyi, Athanase, Vicky Ruganzu, Jayne Njeri Mugwe, and Athanase Cyamweshi Rusanganwa. "Effects of Unburned Lime on Soil pH and Base Cations in Acidic Soil." ISRN Soil Science 2013 (November 26, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/707569.
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Sustainable agriculture is threatened by the widespread soil acidity in many arable lands of Rwanda. The aim of this study was to determine the quality of unburned limes and their effects on soil acidity and base cations in acidic soils of high land of Buberuka. The lime materials used were agricultural burned lime and three unburned lime materials, Karongi, Musanze, and Rusizi. The test crop was Irish Potato. All lime materials were analyzed for Calcium Carbonate Equivalent (CCE) and Fineness. A field trial in Randomized Complete Block Design was established in 2011 at Rwerere research station. The treatments comprised of the four lime materials applied at four levels: 0, 1.4, 2.8, and 4.3 t ha−1 of CCE. Soil cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and Na+) were determined by extraction method using atomic absorption spectrophotometer for Ca and Mg and flame photometer for K and Na. The Al3+ was determined using potassium chloride extraction method. Experimental soil baseline showed that the soil was very strongly acidic (2.8 cmol kg−1 Al3+). The unburned limes were significantly (P<0.001) different in terms of CCE and fineness. A higher CCE was recorded in agricultural burned and Rusizi unburned limes (86.36% and 85.46%, resp.). In terms of fineness, agricultural burned and Musanze unburned lime were higher (70.57 and 63.03%, resp.). Soil acidity significantly affected from 4.8 to 5.6 pH and exchangeable Al reduced from 2.8 cmol kg−1 to 0.16 cmol kg−1 of Al3+. Similarly all cations affected by unburned limes application, significantly (P<0.001) Ca saturation increased from 27.44 to 71.81%, Mg saturation from 11.18 to 36.87% and significantly (P<0.001) Al saturation reduced from 58.45 to 3.89%. The increase of Mg saturation was observed only with Karongi unburned lime application. This study recommends therefore, the use of 2.8 t ha−1 of CaCO3 of Rusizi or Musanze unburned lime as alternative to the agricultural burned lime for improving soil acidity and base cations in acidic soils.
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Arévalo-Hernández, César O., Enrique Arévalo-Gardini, Abel Farfan, Martin Amaringo-Gomez, Andrew Daymond, Dapeng Zhang, and Virupax C. Baligar. "Growth and Nutritional Responses of Juvenile Wild and Domesticated Cacao Genotypes to Soil Acidity." Agronomy 12, no. 12 (December 9, 2022): 3124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123124.
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Cacao is an important tropical crop and requires high-fertility soils for better growth and productivity; nevertheless, soils where this crop is grown are, in general, acidic and low in fertility. Therefore, germplasm with tolerance to soil acidity is desirable for cacao genetic improvement. The objective of this study was to evaluate cacao germplasm for early growth, nutrient concentration, and potential tolerance to soil acidity. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate 60 cacao genotypes with diverse geographic origins. Cacao seedlings were grown for six months in acid soil with and without lime. Growth parameters and the total concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn were measured in shoots after harvest. Our results indicate that the best early growth predictors of acid soil tolerance are the number of leaves and root area. N, Ca, Mg, and K uptake may have a potential role in tolerance to soil acidity. Finally, the results revealed a large difference among cacao genotypes in terms of their responses to acid soil stress, which led to the selection of ten genotypes: CCN-51, PH-21, CCN-10, PAS-91, ICT-1087, ICS-95, UF-667, TSH-565, PH-144, ICT-1189 that are potentially tolerant to soil acidity and could be used for breeding acid soil-tolerant cacao varieties.
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Catt, J. A. "Natural soil acidity." Soil Use and Management 1, no. 1 (March 1985): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1985.tb00642.x.
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Aitken, RL, PW Moody, and PG Mckinley. "Lime requirement of acidic Queensland soils. I. Relationships between soil properties and pH buffer capacity." Soil Research 28, no. 5 (1990): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9900695.
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The pH buffer capacity of 40 acidic surface soils (pHw <6.5) was determined from soil-CaCO3- moist incubations. Buffer capacity values ranged from 02 to 5.4 g CaCO3 kg-1 soil unit-1 pH increase. Organic carbon, clay content, ECEC, 1M KCl extractable acidity and Al, and the change in CEC with pH (�CEC) were measured and correlated with pH buffer capacity. Step-up multiple linear regression indicated that the effect of �CEC on buffer capacity was highly significant (r2 = 0.77, P <0.001), whereas that of exchangeable Al or exchange acidity was not. This suggests that deprotonation reactions, compared with exchangeable Al or exchange acidity, are considerably more important in determining buffer capacity. The major soil property affecting �CEC in our soils was the organic carbon content and, when step-up multiple linear regression was used, �CEC could be best estimated by organic carbon plus clay content plus ECEC (R2 = 0.77, P < 0.001). To ascertain whether exchangeable Al (or exchange acidity) would contribute to buffer capacity in soils with less variable charge, soils of relatively low organic carbon (<2.5%) were considered. For the 33 soils with <2.5% organic carbon, �CEC was still the major determinant of buffer capacity (r2 = 0.76, P <0.001), although inclusion of exchange acidity in a multiple regression with �CEC significantly increased the variance accounted for (R2 = 0.80, P < 0.001). Of the soil properties that could be routinely measured, a multiple regression equation combining organic carbon, clay content and exchange acidity accounted for 85% of the variance in buffer capacity, with organic carbon being the most important.
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Chakraborty, A., M. Saha, S. Dutta, and N. C. Sahu. "Effect of application of lime with vermicompost on the activities of microorganisms of some acidic soils of West Bengal." Journal of Environmental Biology 44, no. 3 (May 15, 2023): 299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/3/si-183.
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Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of integrated application of lime at partial doses of lime requirement (LR) with vermicompost in acid soils to minimize the soil acidity, improve the population of beneficial microorganisms and their microbial activities in comparison to sole treatment of lime as per Lime Requirement dose. Methodology: Two highly acidic soils collected from the farmer’s field of South 24 Parganas district, West Bengal having no history of acidity management were used. The soils were treated with different rates of lime requirement (LR, ⅔LR & ½LR) and lime (½LR) + vermicompost (5 tha-1) treatments and incubated for 60 days. Soil pH, soil organic carbon content, different microbial populations, microbial respiration and enzymatic activities (FDHA and DHA) were assessed at different days. Results: The study indicated that the lime treatments showed rapid increase in soil pH towards the slightly alkaline condition whereas lime +vermicompost treatment (T5) successfully maintained the neutralized condition. Integrated treatment of lower doses of lime and vermicompost (T5) was found to efficiently promote the microbial population (rhizobium, phosphate and potassium solubilizing bacteria) and microbial respiration (basal and substrate induced respiration) activity, which might be attributed to the improvement soil microbial status. FDHA and DHA increased significantly with ‘lime’ as well as the ‘lime with vermicompost’ treatments in comparison to control. Interpretation: The incorporation of lower amount of lime and organic matter efficiently neutralizes the acidity and boosted up the microbial activities simultaneously that in turn might improve the soil health. The high cost to purchase the huge quantity of lime as recommended LR (9.25 tha-1) for studied soils turns the farmers uninterested to follow lime practice and interrupted the mitigation of soil acidity. Thus, the study might conclude that the integrated approach of lime application@½LR with vermicompost might successfully ameliorate the acid soils in terms of acidity as well as the soil microbial activities. Key words: Acid soil, BSR, Dehydrogenase, Fluorescein diacetate, SIR, Lime, Vermicompost
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Teixeira, Welldy Gonçalves, Eliana Paula Fernandes Brasil, Wilson Mozena Leandro, Jéssika Lorrine de Oliveira Sousa, Caio Fernandes Ribeiro, and Wilker Alves de Araujo. "Soil Acidity Indicators for Liming in Tropical Acid Soils Cropped With Soybean Under Short- and Long-Term No-Tillage Systems." Journal of Agricultural Science 14, no. 8 (July 15, 2022): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v14n8p59.
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Although the movement of liming materials under no-tillage (NT) systems can intensify stratification of soil chemical properties and be deleterious to soybean growth, little is known regarding the soil acidity indicators used to predict lime requirement (LR) in Brazilian soils under NT. Thus, we hypothesize that the recommendation criteria used for predicting LR in soils under NT must be different from those adopted in soils under conventional tillage (CT), and the reference values for such liming indicators may vary according to the phase following the adoption of the NT system. The study aimed to obtain soil acidity indicators for soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merill) in tropical acid soils under no-tillage (NT) systems and their respective critical levels according to the phase of NT. Sites under NT were commercial soybean crop areas located in the Cerrado region, Brazil. Systems analyzed were NTI (NT management from 0 to 5 years—initial phase), and NTTC (NT management from 5 to 20 years—transition-consolidation phase). Soil samples were collected at the 0-5, 0-10, and 0-20 cm layers, and analyzed for chemical characteristics. Relationships between crop yield response of soybean to lime application and various soil acidity-related characteristics led to establishing soil acidiy indicators for liming in tropical acid soils under no tillage. Critical levels were approximately similar in both phases of NT for exchangeable Ca and Mg, and potential acidity, but varied greatly depending on the soil layer and phase of NT management for soil pHCaCl2, CECpH7.0, and base saturation. In general, for both phases of NT, the critical levels of soil acidity indicators were lowest for the 0-20 cm layer, moderate for the 0-10 cm layer, and highest for the 0-5 cm layer. Lime applied with incorporation in the NTTC phase kept the soil with chemical attributes more favorable for plant growth than when surface liming was employed in the NTI phase, which was verified by the soybean yield response. Our results indicate the differences on the soil acidity indexes between the top and bottom depths that would not have been realized in a soil sampling for conventional tillage. Hence, recommendation criteria for lime application considering distinct soil depths and NT systems will be helpful when making lime decisions. Further research should focus on the development of reliable methods for predicting LR according to the NT phase and consequently maximize soybean production under NT systems in Brazil.
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Ballard, Ross A., and David M. Peck. "Sensitivity of the messina (Melilotus siculus)–Sinorhizobium medicae symbiosis to low pH." Crop and Pasture Science 72, no. 9 (2021): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp20292.
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Messina (Melilotus siculus) is a new annual pasture legume with better combined waterlogging and salt tolerance than other annual legumes. Messina cv. Neptune and a new salt-tolerant rhizobial symbiont (Sinorhizobium medicae SRDI-554) were made available to Australian growers in 2017. Messina is related to the annual medics (Medicago spp.) that are nodulated by the same genus of rhizobia and regarded as sensitive to soil acidity. Because some saltland soils are acidic, it is important to understand the sensitivity of messina to soil acidity in order to avoid failures during early adoption. Acidity tolerance of the messina–Sinorhizobium symbiosis was investigated in a hydroponic experiment (inoculation with SRDI-554, or the salt-intolerant strain WSM-1115 recommended for medics), and in three acidic soils (pHCa 4.3–5.5) (inoculation with SRDI-554 ± lime pelleting of seed), in the greenhouse. In the hydroponic experiment, the percentage of messina plants (with SRDI-554) that formed nodules declined at pH levels between 5.7 (43%) and 5.5 (4%). Strain SRDI-554 was slightly more sensitive to acidity than strain WSM-1115. In the acidic soils, more plants formed nodules than in the hydroponic experiment at similar pH levels; however, without lime pelleting, nodule number was inadequate at soil pHCa <5.5. Addition of lime to seed was beneficial to messina nodulation. Nodule number per plant increased from 4.0 to 9.6 with the addition of lime. The messina–Sinorhizobium symbiosis was confirmed as sensitive to low pH. At pHCa 5.5, which is the level recommended as the lower limit for growing messina, nodule number was constrained in both hydroponics and soil. The risk of suboptimal nodulation would be reduced if the recommended lower soil pH limit for growing messina is increased to pHCa 5.8, in line with most annual medics. Efforts to improve the acidity tolerance of the messina symbiosis would be best focused on the rhizobial symbiont, rather than the plant.
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Lotse Tedontsah, Vivien Piercy, Michel Bertrand Mbog, Lionelle Bitom-Mamdem, Gilbert François Ngon Ngon, Robert Christel Edzoa, Bernard Tassongwa, Dieudonné Bitom, and Jacques Etame. "Spatial Distribution and Evolution of pH as a Function of Cation Exchange Capacity, Sum of Exchangeable Bases, and Organic Matter and Aluminum in the Soils of Foumban." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2023 (February 13, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5172804.
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Foumban, located in the Noun valley in western Cameroon, is a prime location for food production. However, this locality is experiencing a significant decline in productivity due to the acidity of its soil. This acidity is linked to the behaviour of certain soil properties essential for plant growth. The present work aims to study the behaviour of pH as a function of certain chemical parameters such as CEC, organic matter, exchangeable bases, and exchangeable aluminum and to map the spatial structure of the pH parameter by kriging. To achieve this objective, ninety soil samples were taken in the locality of Foumban and sent to the soil laboratory where physicochemical analyses were carried out. The results obtained were processed by statistical and geostatistical software. This made it possible to establish relationships between pH and other soil properties. The obtained R2 results show that pH-exchangeable aluminum and pH sum of bases are strongly correlated while pH-CEC and pH-organic matter are weakly correlated. For the spatial distribution of pH, the Gaussian model was applied to fit the experimental semivariogram. The low values of the semivariogram of the pH-water contents obtained overall reflect a strong correlation of the values. The spatial structure obtained after kriging defines two groups of soils in the study area according to their acidity: acidic soils which cover about 82.4% of the study area and moderately acidic soils which occupy about 17.6% of the study area. Finally, it appears that acidity remains a real problem for the soils of Foumban. The risks of aluminum toxicity should not be overlooked. The rate of use of ammonia fertiliser in the study area should be reduced, especially in soils with a pH below 5.4. The use of strong base inputs such as calcium carbonate (CaCO3) or calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH)2) at normal doses is strongly recommended in acid soils.
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Chekol, Ephrem Adamu. "Response of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Genotypes to Soil Acidity, at Hula District, Sidama Region, Ethiopia." Middle East Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science 4, no. 01 (January 4, 2024): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/merjafs.2024.v04i01.001.
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Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was domesticated at about 8000 B.C. It is one of the most important cereal crops in Ethiopia, accounting for over 60% of the food of the peoples living in the highlands of Ethiopia. Soil acidity is expanding in its scope, about 43 % out of the total cultivated land in Ethiopia, is dominated with acidic soil, as a sensitive highland crop, barley productivity is decreasing due to soil acidity and in areas where the problem is severe the crop is going out of production. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted with the objective of performance comparison and screening of soil acidity-tolerant barley genotypes. The treatments consisted of two lime levels (with and without lime) and ten barley genotypes making up a total of 20 treatments laid out in a completely randomized design with six replications. Crop phenology, growth parameters, yield and yield components were evaluated. Primary root length, lateral root length, lateral root number, and root dry weight were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the application of lime. Stand count at harvest, above-ground biomass, plant height, total seed number per pot, and seed number per plant were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the application of lime. Accession 215454a, has shown a greater value of relative root length measurement with 73.76 centimeter. The study revealed the impact of soil acidity could be so severe it can result to the extent of having no yield as compared to lime-treated soils. This necessitates the use of lime in areas that are prone to acidic soils. Overall, the accession that showed relative tolerance from early stage screening can be candidate for further breeding program to develop barley variety that is tolerant to acidic soils.
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Muktamar, Zainal, Bandi Hermawan, Wulandari Wulandari, Priyono Prawito, Sigit Sudjatmiko, Nanik Setyowati, Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi, and Mochammad Chozin. "Vermicompost Buffering Capacity to Reduce Acidification of Pb and Cd Contaminated Inceptisols and Entisols." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 26, no. 1 (January 18, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2021.v26i1.1-9.
Full textAbstract:
Contamination of heavy metals on the soil leads to an increase in its acidity. Vermicompost application is commonly used to improve the properties of soil. The study was carried out to determine the reduction of the acidity in Pb and Cd contaminated soils under the application of vermicompost. Two laboratory experiments were set using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors. The first factor was soil samples, vis Inceptisols, and Entisols, and the second factor was the rates of vermicompost, consisted of 0, 5, 10, 15 g kg-1. The treatment combination was repeated three times. The soils were pretreated with 10 mg kg-1 Pb or Cd using Pb(NO3)2 and Cd(NO3)2. Three hundred kg soil sample was incorporated with vermicompost and placed in a 500 ml plastic bottle. The mixtures were incubated for eight weeks, and the moisture of the soil was maintained at field capacity. The acidity and soil temperature were monitored every week. The study indicated that Pb contaminated soil acidity increased to the sixth week of the incubation and decreased afterward. However, the acidity of Cd contaminated soil was consistently increased during the incubation. Treatment of vermicompost significantly lowered the acidity of both Pb and Cd contaminated soils. Contaminated Entisols had a higher response to the application of vermicompost than that of Inceptisols. This finding is significant in assessing acidity risk and possible management intervention for Pb and Cd contaminated soils.
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Kassa Cholbe, Mesfin, Fassil Kebede Yeme, and Wassie Haile Woldeyohannes. "Fertility Status of Acid Soils under Different Land Use Types in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2020 (October 13, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3713967.
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Information on soil fertility status of acid soil of a particular area as affected by land use type is important for developing sound soil management systems for improved and sustainable agricultural productivity. The main objective of this study was to assess the fertility status and effect of land use change on soil physicochemical properties. In this study, adjacent three land use types, namely, enset-coffee, crop, and grazing land use were considered in four districts (i.e., Bolos Sore, Damot Gale, Damot Sore, and Sodo Zuria) of Wolaita Zone, southern Ethiopia. Soil samples were collected from a depth of 0–20 cm from each land use type of the respective districts for physicochemical analyses. The results showed that land use types significantly affected ( P ≤ 0.05 ) soil properties such as bulk density, available P, exchangeable potassium, exchangeable acidity, exchangeable bases (Na, K, Ca, Mg), exchangeable acidity, and CEC. Besides, soil pH, OC, and TN were influenced significantly ( P ≤ 0.05 ) both by districts and land use types. The very strongly acidic soils were found predominantly in the crop and grazing lands whereas a neutral acidity level was found in the enset-coffee land use type of four districts. In conclusion, the study proves that land use type change within the same geographic setting can affect the severity of soil acidity due to over cultivation and rapid organic matter decomposition. Finally, the study recommends an in-depth study and analysis on the root causes in aggravating soil acidity under crop and grazing land use types.
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Simon, Barbara, E. Michéli, and G. E. van Scoyoc. "Factors Affecting Soil Acidity in Hungary." Agrokémia és Talajtan 51, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2002): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/agrokem.51.2002.1-2.7.
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The Typic Haplustalfs soils (Karád and Oltárc) and the Typic Ustochrepts (Gödöllő) are developed on loess, and on aeolian sand parent material, under forest vegetation, resp. The Dystric Ustochrepts (Velem) soil formed on metamorphic schist parent material and had forest vegetation, while the Typic Medisaprists (Zalavár) soil developed on peat parent material and had marsh vegetation. Based on this study the spatial variability of surface pH samples indicate that the TIM sampling procedure should be improved. Ten to thirty samples must be collected at each site to be able to monitor changes of 0.2 pH units. If only one sample is taken at each site yearly, spatial difference in pH or other parameters are likely to obscure differences which may be occurring over time. The colloidal composition (organic matter and clay minerals), influenced by parent material, vegetation, and precipitation, showed a close relationship with the acidity factors, such as pH, HAC 1 and EAC 1 values. The pH values were the lowest in the Velem and Oltárc soils where the annual precipitation was the highest (750-800 mm), and in the Karád soil, where the annual precipitation was 650-700 mm. The Gödöllő soil had the highest pH values, probably due to the lowest amount of rainfall (550-600 mm) and the disturbance. The Zalavár soil had fairly high pH throughout the profile probably due to a fluctuating water table. The HAC 1 and EAC 1 values were the highest in the Velem soil when compared to the other mineral soils. The pH values were the lowest at this site. The HAC 1 and EAC 1 values were lower in the other three forest soils, at the Karád, Oltárc, and Gödöllő sites. The Zalavár soil had fairly high HAC 1 values in the H3, H4 and H5 horizons, probably due to the very high OM content, which provided a lot of H + ions that can dissociate from the exchange sites. The E4/E6 ratios were closely related to the decomposition or humification rate in the upper and the subsurface horizons with accumulation of low molecular weight soluble fraction in the deeper horizon. The mineralogical analysis showed similar compositions for the soils developed on loess (Karád and Oltárc), or aeolian sand (Gödöllő), where the major minerals were vermiculite, mica, kaolinite, and chlorite. A different mineral composition (mica, vermiculite, clintonite, and kaolinite) was observed for the Velem site, where the parent material was metamorphic schist. The four mineral soils are forest soils, with a predominant downward water movement, thus with fairly intensive leaching process. However, there was a distinct difference among the soils formed on loess (Karád and Oltárc), or aeolian sand (Gödöllő), and the soil (Velem) developed on metamorphic schist parent material. The soils at the Karád, Oltárc, and the Gödöllő sites were less acidified, with higher pH, and lower HAC 1 , and EAC 1 values as compared to the Velem soil, even if the precipitation was very high. The calcareous loess parent material probably compensated for the higher precipitation and the resulting leaching process at the Karád and the Oltárc sites. The Gödöllő soil received a very low amount of precipitation, which resulted in a low degree of weathering, with higher pH, and lower HAC 1 , and EAC 1 values. However, the metamorphic schist parent material probably contributed to a lower pH and lower buffering of the developing soil. Based on the chemical and physical analyses, we concluded that among the soil forming factors, precipitation and parent material had the greatest influence on the acidity characteristics of the examined soils. The parent material influenced the mineralogy of the developing soil, which then influenced the pH, HAC 1 , EAC 1 , and CEC values of the soil. In order to substantiate these tendencies more samples from a wider array of geological regions are needed.
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Raspopina, Svitlana, Yuriy Debryniuk, and Yuriy Hayda. "Forest plantation productivity – soil interactions within Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine: effects of pH and cations." Folia Forestalia Polonica 62, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2020-0023.
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AbstractDark grey podzolized soils on the loess like loams, which are represented in the soil cover within fresh and humidity gradients in the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine, are characterized by high forest vegetation potential, which ensure the formation of mostly pure and mixed larch and spruce stands with high level of the productivity. Despite the fact that both species are coniferous, their effect on the soil, in particular, on its acid-base indicators (actual and potential forms of acidity, sum of absorbed bases, degree of saturation of bases, content of mobile aluminium), which are important components of soil fertility, are specific. Due to the fact that there is a close interaction between forest plantations and soil properties, changing the participation of species in the stand, it is possible to adjust the actual soil fertility.The soils under both pure and mixed spruce and larch stands are characterized by a high level of potential acidity that reaches the high acidic values in the upper horizons. A similar reaction of soil solution under coniferous forests is caused by acid hydrolysis of aluminosilicates and accumulation of mobile Al in the rhizosphere zone. Simultaneously, the same acidic characteristics, including the presence of movable aluminium, are also found in soils under broadleaved plantations. In general, acid-exchange properties of soils (high potential acidity, unsaturation of bases and availability of movable aluminium) traditionally are considered as unfavourable for vegetation. However, our researches refute it and prove that within certain values, these indicators do not limit the productivity of pure and mixed spruce and larch stands.
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Rodrigues, Mateus Borges, and Carla Regina Pinotti. "Limed in sandy soils for soybean cultivation: A mini-review." Brazilian Journal of Science 3, no. 2 (February 1, 2024): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bjs.v3i2.514.
Full textAbstract:
Liming is the method in which limestone is applied to regulate the pH of the soil reducing its acidity and making the minerals labile. This study aimed to evaluate the management of liming using dolomitic limestone in sandy textured soils, on the development of soybean cultivation through a bibliographical survey. Sandy soil also, known as “light soil” is largely composed of sand and a smaller proportion of clay around 70% and 15% respectively, its grain size is higher, and the presence of nutrients is very scarce. Correcting soil acidity through liming is the first step towards obtaining a considerably productive crop, especially in recently cleared areas. Since in acidic soils, the limitation to plant development arises mainly from the indirect effects of pH. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the soil continuously as well as the weather conditions in order to obtain the desired result. Several results have been observed in which the use of liming in acidic soils, mainly in the Brazilian Cerrado, reduces the toxic action of aluminum on the plant and promotes greater absorption of nutrients and micronutrients for the plants, in addition to maintaining the soil microbiota.
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Glovyn, N. M., and O. V. Pavliv. "Investigation of Causes and Influences of Soil Acidity on Crop Yields in Kozova District, Ternopil Region." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 91 (November 6, 2019): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9103.
Full textAbstract:
The paper covers the causes of occurrence and the methods of investigating soil acidity in Kozova destrict, Ternopil region. It is a highly topical issue, since increased soil acidity negatively influences the growth and the development of most cultivated crops and affects favourable microbiological soil properties. Soil acidity is caused by hydroions that are formed under the dissociation of acids and hydrolytic acid salts and are absorbed by the smallest soil particles – colloids, which can go into interstitial water. The increased soil acidity, which is a limiting factor for the biodiversity of a particular area and interferes healthy plant development, is an important agricultural problem. It can cause the decrease of crop yields as well as plant diseases. That is why, farmers should be aware of the type and the peculiarities of the soil present on their lots and take into account and regulate pH values when cultivating various agricultural crops. Soil acidity is considered to be acceptable for the healthy growth and development of plants, if it falls within the limits of рН 6.5–7.5. It has been determined that the application of mineral fertilizers without limestone materials causes acidification of typical black soils. If there is a long-term use of the increased amounts of mineral fertilizers, there is an increase of the active acidity observed. The application of nitrogenous fertilizers increases soil active acidity even more compared to the use of phosphate potassium fertilizers. Soil exhaustion prevention techniques have been substantiated. The methods of determining soil acidity have been considered. A potentiometric method is the most wide-spread in terms of determining soil acidity level, since it is highly sensitive and accurate. Soil acidity has been experimentally determined by potentiometry using TsINAO method (GOST 26483–85) and hydrolytically using Kapenn method (GOST 26212–91). Statistical data processing has been performed. The weighted-average acidity index pH salt. is 6.3 and the hydrolytic acidity is 1.77 mg–acs/100g of soil, pH salt. is 5.9 and hydrolytic acidity is 1.92 mg–acs/100g of soil. It shows that plants can grow and develop well in this soil. Scientific and production experience suggests that the yield from acid soils decreases for 15–20%. The scientific agro-ecological approach, that is the calculation of the balance of nutrients and humus depending on the kind of the cultivated crop as well as physical, chamical and bilological soil characteristics and well-timed liming, can provide the necessary level of nutrients in the soil of agricultural enterprises. In order to provide fertile soil and improve agro-ecological conditions of the soil in Kozova district, it is necessary to provide annual application of nutrients using organic and mineral fertilizers with the optimal ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and by liming acid soils. Currently, it is very important to apply organic agriculture, which can improve the quality and the competitiveness of agricultural products. Scientific investigations on every crop have determined the optimal рH level and its value depends on the soil and the climatic conditions, the type of soils, their particle-size distribution and the state of cultivation. Soil acidity is one of the factors that influence the decrease of yields, especially the yields of those crops that require great amounts of potassium and magnesium for their healthy growth.
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Conyers, M. K., N. C. Uren, K. R. Helyar, G. J. Poile, and B. R. Cullis. "Temporal variation in soil acidity." Soil Research 35, no. 5 (1997): 1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s97022.
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Seasonal variation in the response of crops and pastures to limestone application has been observed on acidic soils in south-eastern Australia. Our hypothesis was that temporal variation in soil acidity related factors may contribute to this variable response. Soils from 4 annual pasture sites were sampled at least monthly for 3 years during 1988–1990 to monitor changes in pH(CaCl2) and in concentrations of exchangeable aluminium (Al) and manganese (Mn). The sites received no fertiliser or cultivation and therefore allowed for the estimation of natural temporal variation. Temporal variation in soil pH during a year ranged from 0 to 0·45 pH units depending on the site, soil depth, and the weather conditions. The larger changes in soil pH were associated with more extreme climatic conditions than normal, e.g. following the break of season after a hot, dry summer (autumn 1988) or during periods of above-average rainfall in autumn and early spring (1990). Temporal variation in pH was less than the spatial variability at the sites but greater than the long-term net acidification rate reported for the region. Temporal variation in the concentration of exchangeable Al ranged from 0 to 0·4 cmol(+)/kg during a year and varied primarily with the inverse of pH. Variations in the concentration of exchangeable Mn ranged from 0·05 to 0·35 cmol(+)/kg during a year. The concentration of exchangeable Mn increased over summer to an extent dependent on the drying of the soil. At the 2 sites with duplex profiles, maxima in the concentration of exchangeable Mn also occurred in spring, particularly in the warm wet spring of 1990. Soil tests for soil acidity therefore represent guides to probable risks of toxicity, as pH and the concentrations of exchangeable Al and Mn may change between soil sampling, sowing, and the period of crop or annual pasture growth. Such variations will alter the responsiveness of crops and pastures to lime.
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Tusar, Hachib Mohammad, Md Kamal Uddin, Shamim Mia, Ayesha Akter Suhi, Samsuri Bin Abdul Wahid, Susilawati Kasim, Nor Asrina Sairi, Zahangir Alam, and Farooq Anwar. "Biochar-Acid Soil Interactions—A Review." Sustainability 15, no. 18 (September 6, 2023): 13366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151813366.
Full textAbstract:
Soil acidity is a major problem of agriculture in many parts of the world. Soil acidity causes multiple problems such as nutrient deficiency, elemental toxicity and adverse effects on biological characteristics of soil, resulting in decreased crop yields and productivity. Although a number of conventional strategies including liming and use of organic and inorganic fertilizers are suggested for managing soil acidity but cost-effective and sustainable amendments are not available to address this problem. Currently, there is increasing interest in using biochar, a form of biomass derived pyrogenic carbon, for managing acidity while improving soil health and fertility. However, biochar varies in properties due to the use of wide diversity of biomass, variable production conditions and, therefore, its application to different soils can result in positive, neutral and or negative effects requiring an in-depth understanding of biochar-acid soil interactions to achieve the best possible outcomes. Here, we present a comprehensive synthesis of the current literature on soil acidity management using biochar. Synthesis of literature showed that biochars, enriched with minerals (i.e., usually produced at higher temperatures), are the most effective at increasing soil pH, basic cation retention and promoting plant growth and yield. Moreover, the mechanism of soil acidity amelioration with biochar amendments varies biochar types, i.e., high temperature biochars with liming effects and low temperature biochars with proton consumption on their functional groups. We also provide the mechanistic interactions between biochar, plant and soils. Altogether, this comprehensive review will provide guidelines to agricultural practitioners on the selection of suitable biochar for the reclamation of soil acidity.
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Baybyekov, Ravil, Georgiy Gulyuk, and Natal'y Akanova. "Prospects for chemical reclamation of acidic soils." Melioration and Water Management, no. 6 (January 22, 2021): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32962/0235-2524-2020-6-19-24.
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The presented materials are prepared on the basis of the results of long-term field experiments of domestic and foreign research institutions, results of agrochemical monitoring in the system of agrochemical service of the Russian Federation in various soil and climatic zones of Russia. The materials substantiate the importance and role of lime acidic soils, presented analysis of the state and dynamics of acidity of soils of agricultural land, the features of the use of different forms of limecontaining materials. The main functions of soil lime are indicated and the consequences in case of weakening of soil acidity are predicted. It has been established that the effect of the reclamation on the acidity of the soil is divided into two periods. The maximum displacement of pHKCl is observed 3…5 years after the introduction of the reclamation. The prevailing doses of lime in the materials given were doses of Saso3 4…6 t/ha, i.e. the most commonly used in the Non-Black Earth area. The quantitative parameters of changes in the level of acidity of the environment with the systematic use of physiologically acidic mineral fertilizers, especially nitrogen and potassium, which have an increasing effect on calcium loss from the soil. The growing negative effect of nitrogen-potassium fertilizers on the physical and chemical properties of the soil can lead first to their partial, and then to complete inefficiency on turf-sub-golden soils. The quantitative parameters of changes in the level of soil response in flood conditions during rice cultivation have been established. The results of the effect of different doses of lime on crop yields are presented. It is noted that soil lime is the main environmental measure to ensure the stabilization of the environmental safety of agro-censors and obtain products that meet sanitary standards. The need to restore the practice of lime in the right volumes in the near future is emphasized.
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AGUROVA, I. V., and D. V. SYSHCHYKOV. "ACIDITY OF DEGRADED SOILS OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS OF THE DONETSK PEOPLES REPUBLIC." Ser-17_2023-3 78, no. 3, 2023 (August 30, 2023): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0137-0944-17-2023-78-3-125-131.
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The purpose of this work was to study the acidity of degraded agricultural soils. The main objectives of the research were to study the actual and potential soil acidity of agricultural lands of the Donetsk Peoples Republic on the example of agricultural farms in the northern part of the Shakhtyorsky district. It was established that the studied model sites are characterized by a slightly acidic, neutral or slightly alkaline medium reaction, which creates favorable conditions for the formation of crops and plant growth. When studying the exchangeable acidity of soils, the ambiguity of changes in its values was established, depending on the location of the model sites, the system of soil content in the crop rotation, the horizon, and other factors. Th e most exceeding the control values of the exchange acidity are characteristic of the slope surfaces of sites where the intensity of erosion processes reaches a maximum (exceeding the indicator compared to the control by average of 8,6%). In the future, increased values of exchangeable acidity may adversely affect the formation of crop yields. Changes in the values of hydrolytic acidity of soils follow the same regularity as the variation in the indices of exchangeable acidity. The most significant excess of the hydrolytic acidity index in comparison with the control was recorded on the slope sites of the fields (increase by 11-17%). The conducted studies confirm the need for constant agroecological monitoring of these lands with the regulation of mineral fertilizers to increase the absorption capacity of soils due to increased values of exchangeable and hydrolytic acidity.
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Green, Rosalind, T. David Waite, Michael D. Melville, and Ben C. T. Macdonald. "Characteristics of the Acidity in Acid Sulfate Soil Drainage Waters, McLeods Creek, Northeastern NSW, Australia." Environmental Chemistry 3, no. 3 (2006): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en05055.
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Environmental Context. Acid sulfate soils are found in many low-lying coastal areas, but they can also be encountered in inland areas of Australia and other parts of the world. These soils typically contain iron sulfides, primarily pyrite (FeS2) and mackinawite (FeS), and the products that result from oxidation of these iron minerals. Acidic and metal-rich waters can be produced when the pyrite in soil is oxidized by natural means or accelerated when the soil is drained, which typically occurs when it is developed for agriculture or urban use. In general, acid sulfate soils become a problem when oxidation products are transported from the soil profile into nearby streams and estuaries, which can severely affect the ecology, biodiversity, economic development, and the aesthetics of adjacent waterways. The key contributors to acidity in drainage waters from the site examined are Al3+, AlSO4– and, under particular circumstances, Mn2+ and Fe2+, but the principal species contributing to acidity are strongly time variant and would be expected to vary from site to site. Abstract. Catchments that contain acid sulfate soils can discharge large quantities of acid and dissolved metals into waterways. At McLeods Creek in far northern NSW, Australia, the acidity from the hydrolysis of dissolved metal species, particularly aluminium and iron, contributes to greater than 70% of the total acidity. Therefore, a poor relationship exists between both calculated and titrated acidity and pH because of the dominant influence of these hydrolyzable metal species. Determination of the so-called ‘cold acidity’ by direct titration with NaOH yields results that are difficult to replicate because of the buffering effects of suspended solids, carbon dioxide ingassing, and/or MnII and FeII oxidation in the sample as the titration end-point is approached. Samples that are pre-treated with sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide produce results (of ‘hot acidity’) that can be easily replicated and are similar to calculated acidities based on elemental analysis and speciation calculations. The cold acidity values for titrations of 105 water samples from the chosen field site are often higher than hot acidity values as a result of the loss of carbonate acidity during pre-treatment of samples for hot acidity analysis.
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Rastija, M., V. Kovacevic, D. Rastija, and D. Simic. "Manganese and zinc concentrations in maize genotypes grown on soils differing in acidity." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 58, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.58.2010.4.7.
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Drought and soil acidity are two major abiotic stress factors limiting maize production worldwide, generating imbalances in the manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) status in plants. This study was conducted to determine the effects of drought stress on the Mn and Zn status in maize genotypes grown on acid and non-acid soils and how the Mn and Zn status affects the changes in grain yield caused by drought stress and soil acidity. Seventeen genotypes were grown at two locations differing in soil acidity in Eastern Croatia in 2003 and 2004. Positive values of an aridity index indicated drought stress in 2003. The genotypes had much higher Mn and Zn concentrations on acid soil than on nonacid soil: more than twice as high in both seasons for Zn and about 6 and 9 times higher in normal and in dry seasons, respectively, for Mn. This demonstrates that drought combined with soil acidity led to the excessive accumulation of Mn in maize plants. However, variation was observed between the maize genotypes for the Mn accumulation on soils differing in acidity when drought occurred. Some genotypes accumulated Mn on acid soil irrespective of drought. The Mn and Zn status had no discernible effect on the changes in grain yield caused by drought stress and/or soil acidity.
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Huang, Juan, Wei Zhang, Yuelin Li, Senhao Wang, Jinhua Mao, Jiangming Mo, and Mianhai Zheng. "Long-term nitrogen deposition does not exacerbate soil acidification in tropical broadleaf plantations." Environmental Research Letters 16, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 114042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac30bd.
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Abstract Nitrogen (N) deposition induces soil acidification in natural forests; however, whether it increases soil acidity in tropical plantations with simple tree structures compared with natural forests remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of N deposition on the soil acidity of tropical broadleaf plantations dominated by Acacia auriculiformis and Eucalyptus urophylla in South China, which has been enduring N deposition for over 30 years, and investigate the reasons for the changes in soil acidity. Long-term N addition did not affect soil acidity in the two plantations, with no significant changes in soil pH values, and exchangeable non-acidic and acidic cation concentrations. Long-term N deposition did not significantly affect the plant and total soil N concentrations, but significantly increased the soil nitrous oxide emission rates and total dissolved N concentrations in the soil solutions. Our findings indicate that most of the added N was lost via leaching and emissions, such that long-term N addition did not exacerbate soil acidification in broadleaf plantations, thereby providing novel insight into the effects of atmospheric N deposition on forest ecosystems. Overall, our study indicates that long-term N deposition does not always lead to soil acidification in tropical forests, as previously expected.
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Mattiazzo, M. E., and N. A. da Glória. "Effect of Vinasse on Soil Acidity." Water Science and Technology 19, no. 7 (July 1, 1987): 1293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0035.
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The effects of microbiological activity on soil acidity components in soils previously treated with vinasse are determined. These soil acidity components were interpreted through the measurement of pH, exchangeable aluminium and titratable acidity. The results showed that there was no rise in soil pH when microbiological activity was absent, through periodic application of methyl bromide. It was concluded that organic matter oxidation is responsible for the rise in soil pH and microbiological activity is responsible for this oxidation. Thus, microbiological activity is necessary to raise the soil pH.
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Habteyesus, Yohannse. "Study of the Change in Physico-Chemical Properties of Acidity Affected Soil with the Application of Different Lime Rates: Incubation Study." International Journal of Oceanography & Aquaculture 7, no. 4 (2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ijoac-16000266.
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Acidic soils are not responsive to the application of inorganic fertilizers without amendments and reclamation by agricultural lime. Liming is the best technology and a conditioner to rises the pH and available phosphorus levels of acid soils. For this research activity, calcite lime in different rates incubated acid soil aims to show the change in physicochemical properties. The soil sample for incubation work has been collected from fifteen locations of acid-prone areas, all over the country. The incubation study has been conducted with four lime rate factors (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0*LR) and the rate of CaCO3 has been calculated from the initial soil acidity level by using exchangeable acidity lime recommendation methods. After 90 days of incubation, soil physicochemical parameters have been characterized for pH, Exchangeable acidity, Total nitrogen, Organic carbon, and Available phosphorus. From the study findings, the level of acidity has declined up to 88.96%. The pH level has been improved from 4.98 to 5.61, and the available phosphorus also accordingly improved from 7.69ppm to 8.63ppm but not significant with 0.5-factor intervals. There is no significant response observed in Total Nitrogen and Organic carbon parameters with the application of different lime ratings. From this study conclude that as the rate of lime applied is amended the level of acidity, pH, and phosphorus level also accordingly improved but no significant change was observed for Total nitrogen and Organic carbon. To increase phosphorus content, sufficient and responsible for better amendment of the soil and crop productivity needs to apply different sources of phosphorus fertilizers. The exchangeable acidity lime recommendation method even with doubled LR factor might not raise the pH to the optimum level of crop requirement.
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Dejene, Matiyas, Girma Abera, and Temesgen Desalegn. "The Effect of Phosphorus Fertilizer Sources and Lime on Acidic Soil Properties of Mollic Rhodic Nitisol in Welmera District, Central Ethiopia." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2023 (October 18, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7002816.
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The soil acidity problem is intensified by improper utilization of synthetic fertilizers in addition to other naturally existing causes; thus, it is important to consider effects on soil health beyond seasonal crop productivity. Most widely used sources of soluble phosphate fertilizers cannot perform effectively on acidic soil due to its fixation. Field experiments were conducted on the acidic nitisols of Welmera District in two locations to determine the effects of using lime and different phosphorus fertilizer sources on the soil acidity attributes and nutrient use efficiency of barley crops. Treatments include a factorial combination of 4 different phosphate fertilizer sources (PARP, MOHP, NPSB, and NAFAKA) with 2 application rates (34.5 kg P2O5 ha−1 and 69 kg P2O5 ha−1) and 2 lime application rates computed from soil exchangeable acidity result 404.25 kg·ha−1 and 563.9 kg·ha−1 for on-station and on-farm sites, respectively, with no lime application (1/4th of LR and 0 lime). Partially acidulated rock phosphate as a phosphorus fertilizer significantly improves soil acidity attributes such as exchangeable acidity, present acid saturation, and plant available phosphorus, and also another soil nutrient status is significantly affected by using different phosphorus sources with the lime application. Application of PARP phosphate sources significantly improves soil exchangeable acidity and present acid saturation by 42% and 41%, respectively, over the commonly used NPSB standard sources of phosphorus fertilizer. Using lime with alternative phosphate sources also contributes to more effective nutrient use efficiency and barely yields improvements with a productive acid soil amendment option. Maintaining soil health by using those integrated approaches improves the efficient utilization of scarce unrenewable resources on sustainable bases.
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Laenoi, Suwannee, Nattinee Phattarakul, Sansanee Jamjod, Narit Yimyam, Bernard Dell, and Benjavan Rerkasem. "Genotypic variation in adaptation to soil acidity in local upland rice varieties." Plant Genetic Resources 13, no. 3 (September 11, 2014): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262114000896.
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Local upland rice germplasm is an invaluable resource for farmers who grow rice on acidic soils without flooding that benefits wetland rice. In this study, we evaluated the adaptation to soil acidity in common local upland rice varieties from an area with acidic soil in Thailand. Tolerance to hydrogen and aluminium (Al) toxicity was determined by measuring root growth, plant dry weight and phosphorus (P) uptake in aerated solution culture without the supplementation of Al (0 mg/l) at pH 7 and 4 and with the supplementation of 10, 20 and 30 mg Al/l at pH 4. The root growth of upland rice plants grown from farmers' seed was depressed less by Al than that of common wetland rice varieties. Pure-line genotypes of upland rice varieties were differentiated into several classes of Al tolerance, with frequency distribution of the classes that sometimes differed between the accessions of the same varieties. The effect of Al tolerance on root length was closely correlated with depression by Al in root dry weight and whole-plant P content. A source for adaptation to soil acidity for exploitation in the genetic improvement of aerobic and rainfed rice is clearly found among local upland rice varieties grown on acidic soils. However, the variation in tolerance to soil acidity within and among the seed lots of the same varieties maintained by individual farmers as well as among the varieties needs to be taken into consideration.
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Priatmadi, Bambang Joko, and Abdul Haris. "Reaksi Pemasaman Senyawa Pirit pada Tanah Rawa Pasang Surut." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2009.v14i1.19-24.
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Most of swamp soils in tidal land are Acid Sulfate Soils. Acid sulfate soils are the common name given to soils containing iron sulfides (pyrite). The soils are characterized by very low pH and high amount of soluble S and Fe, resulted from oxidation of pyrite when soils are drained. This study was aimed to determine acidity pattern, iron and sulfate solubility as the impact of the length time of oxidized, the effect of inhibitors application to acidity rate of sulfidic materials and top soils. The materials are: (1) soils at pyritic layer (sulfidic materials) and (2) soils at 0 – 20 cm from soil surface. Soils is sampled at Barambai reclaimed area, Barito Kuala Regency, South Kalimantan Province. In the laboratory soils treated with some ameliorants, that are silica, phosphate and lime applied with dosage 2 t ha-1 with 3 replications times. The soils incubated for 2 weeks under submerged condition. After soil incubation, soil exposed to the air for 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks. Parameters of soil analysis include pH, sulfate and iron soluble. Results of this study showed that (1) soil acidity rate of sulfidic materials more faster than upper soils when soils and sulfidic materials oxidized intensively, (2) at submerged soil condition or high soil water content, the application of ameliorants effective increasing the soil pH of the upper soils, (3) at further oxidized soil condition or lower soil water content, the application of ameliorants inhibited acidity rate of soils and sulfidic materials, and (4) at further oxidized soil condition or lower soil water content, the application of ameliorants increased iron solubility of soils and sulfidic materials.
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Zhang, Min, Yuncong Li, and Li Ma. "Acidity Changes of Foreign Acidic Soils Introduced into Calcareous Soil Environment." Journal of Plant Nutrition 26, no. 7 (June 2003): 1513–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/pln-120021058.
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Matveeva, Natal’ya V., Andrei V. Garmash, Mikhail A. Shishkin, Alexey A. Dymov, Olga B. Rogova, Dmitry S. Volkov, and Mikhail A. Proskurnin. "Fast High-Resolution pKa Spectrotitrimetry for Quantification of Surface Functional Groups of Retisols." Soil Systems 8, no. 2 (June 12, 2024): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems8020063.
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Potentiometric titration in a fast and simultaneously high-resolution modality was proposed for the identification and quantification of protolytic groups of variable strength at the surface of primary soil particles. The method is implemented by titrimetric data processing as multicomponent spectra (pKa spectrotitrimetry). Due to the high resolution, the error of acidity-constant assessment (3–5%) is lower, compared to existing approaches; due to the fast titration, the effect of soil hydrolysis is minimized. The soil profiles for acidic Retisols (podzolic soils)—under a spruce crown and in the intercrown space—were studied. These soils, which have similar bulk properties and genesis but developed under different plant covers, were distinguished by pKa spectral features at 4–5; 5.5–6.5; 6.5–8.5; 7.5–8.5; and 9–10, as well as total group concentrations. Differences in acidic and basic-group distribution (carboxyl groups, amorphous aluminosilicates, carbonate species, amino groups, soluble (poly)phenolic compounds, phospholipids) and Al and Fe complex compounds within the same soil profiles and between two Retisols were found and quantified. The acidity constants and group concentrations found by pKa spectrotitrimetry were compared with conventional soil-composition indicators (total organic carbon, oxalate-soluble Fe and Al, and phosphorus), using principal component analysis. The main correlations are between the concentrations of oxalate-soluble Al and groups with pKa values of 5.0–6.5 and 8.5; oxalate-soluble Fe and pKa values of 9.0–10.0; and P2O5 and pKa values of 4.0–6.0 and 6.5–8.5. The method provides a set of major acidity values without a priori information on a soil sample and can be used for screening and identifying similar soils.
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Danso, I., S. A. Okyere, E. Larbi, F. Danso, and B. N. Nuertey. "Assessment of nutrients status of areas supporting optimum oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. L) cultivation in Ghana." Ghana Journal of Agricultural Science 54, no. 2 (December 20, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjas.v54i2.1.
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In Ghana, information on the fertility status to support oil palm growth and productivity and possible fertilizer recommendation is not common. The objective of this study was to assess the nutrition-related limitations to production of oil palm across areas climatically delineated as optimum for sustainable oil palm production. Based on Ghana Interim Soil Classification System, benchmark soils identified in these areas were: Temang (Lixisols), Akroso (Acrisol), Kokofu (Alisols), Basitia (Acrislos), Firam (Acrisols) and Nkwanta (Acrisols). Results indicated generally strongly acidic soil and exchangeable acidity values obtained were high and consistent with very acidic soil conditions. There were generally- high C: N ratios (>20) except some few sites, thus supplementary nitrogen is required to reduce C: N ratio and improve N availability. The Total Exchangeable Bases (TEB), Effective Cation Exchange Capacity (ECEC) and available P values were less than the optimum values for sustainable oil palm production. Both soil and foliar analysis indicated that soils in areas assessed have low soil fertility with relatively good soil physical conditions. It is recommended that instead of superphosphate fertilizer application, rock phosphate should be administered due to high acidity. Raising the low ECEC levels of the soil calls for composted empty fruit bunches incorporation.
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Breemen, N. van. "Effects of redox processes on soil acidity." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 35, no. 3 (August 1, 1987): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v35i3.16724.
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Redox processes due to alternating aerobic and anaerobic conditions may give rise to strongly acidic or alkaline soils and waters. First, oxidized chemical components tend to be more acidic or less alkaline than their reduced counterparts. Second, and more important, redox processes often lead to the simultaneous formation of acidic (or potentially acidic) and alkaline substances with different mobility (dissolved or gaseous versus adsorbed or solid), so that one of the two substances can be exported, leaving a more acidic or more alkaline residue. Examples of acidification or alkalinization processes in wetlands based on these principles are: (1) formation of acid sulfate soils (transformation of seawater sulfate and sedimentary iron to immobile potential acidity (FeS2) and mobile alkalinity (HCO3-), followed by oxidation of FeS2 after the alkalinity has disappeared), (2) alkalinization of periodically flooded acid sulfate soils (formation of dissolved ferrous sulfate during reduction, and oxidation of the ferrous sulfate to ferric oxide and sulfuric acid at the soil surface, followed by drainage of the acid floodwater), (3) ferrolysis (immobilization of seasonally reduced ferric iron as exchangeable Fe2+, and removal of replaced bases by drainage, followed by oxidation of Fe2+ -clay to H+ -clay), and (4) soil alkalinization in closed depressions (reduction of sodium sulfate to sodium (hydrogen) carbonate and volatile H2S). (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
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Medawela, Subhani, and Buddhima Indraratna. "PRB technology incorporating acidic ground conditions and bio-geochemical clogging – A critical review." Australian Geomechanics Journal 59, no. 2 (June 1, 2024): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.56295/agj5921.
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Groundwater acidity resulting from pyrite oxidation in acid sulphate soil terrain presents a severe threat to the environment. The exposure of low-lying acidic coastal belts to the atmospheric oxygen, exacerbated by phreatic surface lowering in dry seasons and activities like infrastructure development and agriculture, leads to pyrite oxidation and sulfuric acid production in soil. This paper reviews the challenges posed by acid sulphate soils by emphasising the environmental and infrastructure damage caused by acidic soil leaching into water bodies. Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) have emerged as a promising method of passive treatment for mitigating groundwater acidity in pyritic terrain. This review mainly focuses on the effectiveness of PRBs in low-lying floodplains by addressing the bio-geochemical clogging that diminishes the reactivity and porosity of PRBs over time. This paper also summarises the numerical methods needed to design PRBs in acidic terrains by identifying gaps in current research that could enhance the accuracy of future PRB designs. This comprehensive review contains valuable insights into the ongoing efforts of addressing the challenges associated with groundwater contamination in regions containing acid sulphate soil.
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Kucher, Larisa. "Forecasting of the impact of acidity on the content of mobile forms of potassium in the soils of forest-steppes of Ukraine." Polish Journal of Soil Science 52, no. 2 (December 18, 2019): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/pjss.2019.52.2.269.
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<p>The level of soil acidity (рН) has the significant impact on availability of potassium to plants. For almost the century, scientists have discussed the issue of acidity of soils. Till nowadays, it is known, that carriers of potential acidity are Н+ and АІ3+ ions, which are situated in the solid phase of soil in the exchanged and absorbed state, but soil solution is acidified as a result of exchange reactions during increase of concentration of electrolytes in it (for example, during application of fertilizes the soil). Our task was to explore the impact of acidity of soil solution on the movement of potassium in some soils of forest-steppes of Ukraine: typical chernozem, podzolized chernozem and meadow chernozem. In the laboratory conditions the soil samples were influenced by citrate-phosphate-borate buffer solution of different volumes of рН – from 2.8 till 9.5 units, and the potassium content was determined by flame photometry. Based on the research results, there were created mathematical models which predict the potassium content when changing soil acidity. An exponential functional relationship between potassium content in the soil solution and its pH is established. This functional dependence allows to predict the levels of transition of potassium to the soil solution in the conditions of lowering the pH.</p>
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Johan, Prisca Divra, Osumanu Haruna Ahmed, Ali Maru, Latifah Omar, and Nur Aainaa Hasbullah. "Optimisation of Charcoal and Sago (Metroxylon sagu) Bark Ash to Improve Phosphorus Availability in Acidic Soils." Agronomy 11, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): 1803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091803.
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Soil acidity is an important soil factor affecting crop growth and development. This ultimately limits crop productivity and the profitability of farmers. Soil acidity increases the toxicity of Al, Fe, H, and Mn. The abundance of Al and Fe ions in weathered soils has been implicated in P fixation. To date, limited research has attempted to unravel the use of charcoal with the incorporation of sago (Metroxylon sagu) bark ash to reduce P fixation. Therefore, an incubation study was conducted in the Soil Science Laboratory of Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Malaysia for 90 days to determine the optimum amounts of charcoal and sago bark ash that could be used to improve the P availability of a mineral acidic soil. Charcoal and sago bark ash rates varied by 25%, whereas Egypt rock phosphate (ERP) rate was fixed at 100% of the recommendation rate. Soil available P was determined using the Mehlich 1 method, soil total P was extracted using the aqua regia method, and inorganic P was fractionated using the sequential extraction method based on its relative solubility. Other selected soil chemical properties were determined using standard procedures. The results reveal that co-application of charcoal, regardless of rate, substantially increased soil total carbon. In addition, application of 75% sago bark ash increased soil pH and at the same time, it reduced exchangeable acidity, Al3+, and Fe2+. Additionally, amending acidic soils with both charcoal and sago bark ash positively enhanced the availability of K, Ca, Mg, and Na. Although there was no significant improvement in soil Mehlich-P with or without charcoal and sago bark ash, the application of these amendments altered inorganic P fractions in the soil. Calcium-bound phosphorus was more pronounced compared with Al-P and Fe-P for the soil with ERP, charcoal, and sago bark ash. The findings of this study suggest that as soil pH decreases, P fixation by Al and Fe can be minimised using charcoal and sago bark ash. This is because of the alkalinity of sago bark ash and the high affinity of charcoal for Al and Fe ions to impede Al and Fe hydrolysis to produce more H+. Thus, the optimum rates of charcoal and sago bark ash to increase P availability are 75% sago bark ash with 75%, 50%, and 25% charcoal because these rates significantly reduced soil exchangeable acidity, Al3+, and Fe2+.
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He, Lili, Jin Zhao, Mengjie Wang, Yuxue Liu, Yuying Wang, Shengmao Yang, Shenqiang Wang, Xu Zhao, and Haohao Lyu. "Long-Term Successive Seasonal Application of Rice Straw-Derived Biochar Improves the Acidity and Fertility of Red Soil in Southern China." Agronomy 13, no. 2 (February 9, 2023): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020505.
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Soil acidity is a crop production problem of increasing concern in acid red soil. The potential of biochar as a soil amendment/for soil acid management in agricultural fields is a recently recognized yet underutilized technology. Related evidence is currently limited to short-term indoor experiments with one-time BC applications and no crop cultivation, yet the degree to which soil acidity may be impacted by the biochar aging process on long-time scale remains unclear. To evaluate the effects of successive seasonal applications of rice straw-derived biochar (BC) on acidity and fertility of soil, a five-year outdoor column trial was conducted using wheat-millet rotated acidic upland soils from the south of China. BC was applied to the top 0–15 cm of soil at the rates of 0 (BC0), 2.25 (BCL), and 22.5 (BCM) Mg ha−1 with an identical dose of NPK fertilizers at the beginning of each crop season. Our results showed that the wheat-millet biomass yield gradually decreased over five rotation cycles in BC0 without BC application. In contrast, after five rotations, BCM led to an increase in the total wheat/millet grain yield by 138%, and the straw yield increased by 253% compared to the control. The cumulative above-ground nutrient uptake of P, K, Ca, Na, and Mg in BCM also increased by 139%, 171%, 129%, 182%, and 71%, respectively, compared to that in the control. This positive effect was attributed to the increase in soil pH (3.29 units), cation exchange capacity (5.66 cmol kg−1), soil available P (241%), K (513%), Ca (245%), Mg (265%), exchange base (3.36 cmol kg−1), base saturation percentage (65.7%), and decrease in the exchangeable acidity, especially exchangeable Al3+ content (<0.1 cmol kg−1). Our results demonstrated that rice straw-derived BC application to soil at 22.5 t ha−1 was found to be highly consistent in decreasing soil acidity and reducing soluble and exchangeable Al3+, indicating its higher ameliorating capacity in the south of China in the long run.