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Achard, Philippe, Lola Benjamin, and Maëva Ouzounian. "Altérations du soi minimal dans les troubles schizophréniques." Perspectives Psy 60, no. 3 (July 2021): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ppsy/2021603273.
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La phénoménologie psychiatrique contemporaine a pu lier altérations du soi minimal et troubles schizophréniques. En effet, des perturbations de cette composante du Self, qui serait le préalable de notre capacité à se ressentir comme agent de ses expériences et de les reconnaître comme siennes, expliqueraient les états particuliers de conscience rapportés par les patients schizophrènes. Si leur analyse doit être guidée par une lecture duale, laissant alterner hyper-réflexivité et troubles de l’intercorporéité, l’échelle descriptive offerte par l’EASE constitue un outil de prédilection au regard de l’investigation objective des altérations du Self Minimal. En favorisant la co-construction d’un langage pour décrire l’expérience du sujet, l’EASE permet de rendre compte des irrégularités du Self Minimal et revêt ainsi un enjeu diagnostique comme pronostique comme nous pourrons le voir. Deux modèles explicatifs dominent l’origine présumée de ces perturbations, attribuant respectivement ces modifications à des défaillances d’ordre métacognitif et à des processus précédant l’action – impliquant l’émission d’une copie d’efférence – troublés. L’altération du soi-minimal reste difficile à appréhender, mais nous souhaitons porter son analyse sous le prisme de deux œuvres de la culture populaire. Dans Cyberpunk 2077, le protagoniste expérimente l’insertion d’une personnalité dans sa psyché avec laquelle il devra cohabiter dans un but commun, présentant ainsi une altération du corps vécu. Dans Fight club, Tyler Durden expérimente la sensation parasitante d’être envahi par un corps étranger, dont il spatialise les faits au point de l’annihiler en se tirant une balle dans le crâne, et que l’on peut explorer sous le prisme du syndrome d’influence.
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Siegert, Benjamin, Andrea Donarini, and Milena Grifoni. "Effects of spin–orbit coupling and many-body correlations in STM transport through copper phthalocyanine." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 6 (December 22, 2015): 2452–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.6.254.
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The interplay of exchange correlations and spin–orbit interaction (SOI) on the many-body spectrum of a copper phtalocyanine (CuPc) molecule and their signatures in transport are investigated. We first derive a minimal model Hamiltonian in a basis of frontier orbitals that is able to reproduce experimentally observed singlet–triplet splittings. In a second step SOI effects are included perturbatively. Major consequences of the SOI are the splitting of former degenerate levels and a magnetic anisotropy, which can be captured by an effective low-energy spin Hamiltonian. We show that scanning tunneling microscopy-based magnetoconductance measurements can yield clear signatures of both these SOI-induced effects.
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Калачова, В. В., Оваід Сальман Рашід, О. М. Місюра, В. Ф. Третяк, Л. В. Сафошкіна, and Р. О. Гончар. "The ways to organize of distance learning in higher military educational institutions of Ukraine and the world during overcome of the coronavirus infection pandemic Covid-19." Системи обробки інформації, no. 4(167) (December 26, 2021): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30748/soi.2021.167.03.
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The global informatization of modern society, development of telecommunication, communicular and information technologies - on the one hand and the powerful challenges to all humanity in the form of epidemics (coronavirus infection COVID-19, bird flu, various forms of pneumatic and hepatitis), natural and man-made disasters, military and political conflicts, wars - from the second, determine significant changes in priority forms of educational process, and distance learning (DL), in these conditions, becomes the only possible option for providing quality educational services with minimal financial expenses for its organization.
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Kumar, K. Senthil, Saptarsi Ghosh, Anup Sarkar, S. Bhattacharya, and Subir Kumar Sarkar. "Analytical Modeling for Short Channel SOI-MOSFET and to Study its Performance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 5150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.5150.
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With the emergence of mobile computing and communication, low power device design and implementation have got a significant role to play in VLSI circuit design. Conventional silicon (bulk CMOS) technology couldn‘t overcome the fundamental physical limitations belonging to sub-micro or nanometer region which leads to alternative device technology like Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) technology. In a fully-depleted FDSOI structure the electrostatic coupling of channel with source/drain and substrate through the buried layer (BL) is reduced. This allows in turn to reduce the minimal channel length of transistors or to relax the requirements on Si film thickness. A generalized compact threshold voltage model for SOI-MOSFET is developed by solving 2-D Poisson‘s equation in the channel region and analytical expressions are also developed for the same. The performance of the device is evaluated after incorporating the short channel effects. It is observed that in SOI, presence of the oxide layer resists the short channel effects and reduces device anomalies such as substrate leakage by a great factor than bulk-MOS. The threshold voltage and current drive make SOI the ultimate candidate for low power application. Thus SOI-MOSFET technology could very well be the solution for further ultra scale integration of devices and improvised performance.
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Colombel, Bernadette. "Assumer un « savoir » sur soi auquel on accède lors de consultations." Santé mentale au Québec 31, no. 1 (October 31, 2006): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/013686ar.
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La cure psychanalytique témoigne que toute personne détient un « savoir » sur ce qui la constitue au plan psychique. En dehors de la cure analytique, en une ou quelques rencontres thérapeutiques en santé mentale, la personne qui consulte peut-elle accéder à un savoir « minimal » sur elle ? S’appuyer sur celui-ci pour orienter certains aspects de sa vie fait appel à une éthique de la responsabilité chez la personne qui consulte. Faire advenir ce savoir réclame de la part du clinicien une conception de l’humain qui prend en compte les dimensions subjectives de la personne.
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Kennedy, Noel, Ray Duffy, Luke Eaton, Dan O’Connell, Scott Monaghan, Shane Garvey, James Connolly, Chris Hatem, Justin D. Holmes, and Brenda Long. "Phosphorus monolayer doping (MLD) of silicon on insulator (SOI) substrates." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 9 (August 6, 2018): 2106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.199.
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This paper details the application of phosphorus monolayer doping of silicon on insulator substrates. There have been no previous publications dedicated to the topic of MLD on SOI, which allows for the impact of reduced substrate dimensions to be probed. The doping was done through functionalization of the substrates with chemically bound allyldiphenylphosphine dopant molecules. Following functionalization, the samples were capped and annealed to enable the diffusion of dopant atoms into the substrate and their activation. Electrical and material characterisation was carried out to determine the impact of MLD on surface quality and activation results produced by the process. MLD has proven to be highly applicable to SOI substrates producing doping levels in excess of 1 × 1019 cm−3 with minimal impact on surface quality. Hall effect data proved that reducing SOI dimensions from 66 to 13 nm lead to an increase in carrier concentration values due to the reduced volume available to the dopant for diffusion. Dopant trapping was found at both Si–SiO2 interfaces and will be problematic when attempting to reach doping levels achieved by rival techniques.
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Zhang, Peiyu, Glen Fitzpatrick, Tyler Harrison, Walied A. Moussa, and Roger J. Zemp. "Double-SOI Wafer-Bonded CMUTs With Improved Electrical Safety and Minimal Roughness of Dielectric and Electrode Surfaces." Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems 21, no. 3 (June 2012): 668–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jmems.2012.2189358.
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Greenwell, R. L., B. M. McCue, M. I. Laurence, C. L. Fandrich, B. J. Blalock, L. M. Tolbert, and S. K. Islam. "SOI-Based Integrated Gate Driver Circuit for High-Temperature Applications." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2012, HITEC (January 1, 2012): 000233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/hitec-2012-wp16.
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The growing demand for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) has increased the need for high-temperature electronics that can operate at the temperatures that exist under the hood of these vehicles. In many cases this requires the use of thermal management systems to allow for the use of components not designed to operate at the ambient temperatures found in the engine compartment of an HEV. These systems add weight and complexity, which can increase the overall cost and reduce the efficiency of the vehicle. The alternative is to develop circuits and systems capable of operating with reduced or no thermal management. To this end, the latest version of our high-temperature gate driver integrated circuit (IC) has been developed. Designed and implemented on a 0.8-micron bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) process, this gate driver chip is intended to drive silicon carbide (SiC) and other wide-bandgap (WBG) power field-effect transistors (FETs) for DC-DC converters and traction drives in HEVs. To enable this, the gate driver IC, which includes on-chip voltage regulators and protection circuitry, has been designed to operate at and successfully tested up to 200°C ambient temperature. Successful operation of the circuit at this temperature with minimal or no heat sink, and without liquid cooling, will help to achieve higher power-to-volume as well as power-to-weight ratios for the power electronics modules in HEVs.
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Ушакова, І. О. "Application of computer agent modeling for optimization of the assembly process." Системи обробки інформації, no. 1(160), (March 30, 2020): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30748/soi.2020.160.02.
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Computer modeling is a method for solving the problems of analysis or synthesis of a complex system based on the use of its computer model. Simulation, as a component of computer modeling, allows you to construct most of the possible states of the analyzed system. In this way it allows to correct the processes of assembling machines in a minimum time and with minimal costs, to foresee possible risks and to avoid unreasonable decisions regarding the organization of processes, to reduce material costs. Simulation gives the best results for modeling uncertain or probabilistic systems. Simulation, as a component of computer modeling, gives the best results for modeling systems with uncertainty or with a probabilistic nature. Mathematically calculating all possible variants of the system’s behavior is a laborious task, and using average values in the calculations gives inaccurate results. For assembly production systems, simulation modeling is used to select the optimal production organization parameters. The aim of this work is to build a computer simulation model that allows you to evaluate the impact of production factors (number of employees, operating parameters and type of assembly process) on the assembly process and substantiate the effectiveness of the model. The current assembly process of the machine was considered for modeling. The assembly process includes: two streams of verification, synchronization of request from these two streams, and a machine collection stream. The vacated line starts servicing the application that entered the system earlier than others. Such a discipline is called “earlier entered - earlier served” (FIFO - First In - First Out).s from flows, and a machine assembly flow. An optimization experiment was carried out after the construction and verification of the simulation model. The maximum value of profit was chosen as the objective function. Iterations were performed during an optimization experiment. The optimal number of employees was selected for two inspection flows and a machine assembly stream in the assembly shop. The first experimental result showed the effectiveness of the request flow synchronization method. The following optimization experiment showed the relationship between the number of workers in certain threads of the assembly process and profit. The results of using agent-based models for simulation can be used to optimize assembly processes.
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Saint-Girons, Baldine. "La tolérance est elle une vertu ?" Études littéraires 32, no. 1-2 (April 12, 2005): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/501262ar.
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Célèbres par leur lutte contre l'intolérance, les philosophes du XVIIIe siècle n'ont cependant pas été les apôtres d'une tolérance inconditionnelle, conçue comme excellente en soi. Toute la difficulté tient, en effet, à l'existence de l'intolérable, laquelle rend indispensable l'analyse de ce qu'on doit ou ne doit pas tolérer. Voltaire fait de la tolérance un devoir minimal, destiné à être remplacé par la fraternité, cependant que Rousseau, dans sa fine analyse des mystifications engendrées par la prétendue tolérance, risque lui-même de passer pour intolérant. Dans le domaine de la religion, l'idéal de tolérance tend finalement à être dépassé vers la fin du siècle.
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Ujan, Sahar, Neda Navidi, and Rene Jr Landry. "An Efficient Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) Recognition and Characterization Using End-to-End Transfer Learning." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19 (October 1, 2020): 6885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196885.
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Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) detection and characterization play a critical role in ensuring the security of all wireless communication networks. Advances in Machine Learning (ML) have led to the deployment of many robust techniques dealing with various types of RFI. To sidestep an unavoidable complicated feature extraction step in ML, we propose an efficient Deep Learning (DL)-based methodology using transfer learning to determine both the type of received signals and their modulation type. To this end, the scalogram of the received signals is used as the input of the pretrained convolutional neural networks (CNN), followed by a fully-connected classifier. This study considers a digital video stream as the signal of interest (SoI), transmitted in a real-time satellite-to-ground communication using DVB-S2 standards. To create the RFI dataset, the SoI is combined with three well-known jammers namely, continuous-wave interference (CWI), multi- continuous-wave interference (MCWI), and chirp interference (CI). This study investigated four well-known pretrained CNN architectures, namely, AlexNet, VGG-16, GoogleNet, and ResNet-18, for the feature extraction to recognize the visual RFI patterns directly from pixel images with minimal preprocessing. Moreover, the robustness of the proposed classifiers is evaluated by the data generated at different signal to noise ratios (SNR).
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Troiano, Pasquale, Maurizio Buscemi, Emilio Campos, Luigi Mele, Fabrizio Pregliasco, Carlo Signorelli, Sandro Vergani, and Matteo Piovella. "Linee Guida e raccomandazioni per l’emergenza sanitaria da SARS-CoV-2. Organizzazione dell’attività assistenziale oculistica per evitare il contatto tra soggetti sani e soggetti positivi asintomatici contagiosi." AboutOpen 7, no. 1 (November 23, 2020): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33393/abtpn.2020.2201.
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The Italian Ophthalmological Society (SOI) has developed clinical practice guidelines for the care of ophthalmic patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The aim of this document is to define guidelines that would help ophthalmologists in their clinical activities through the adoption of recommended procedures to avoid common organization and management of positive asymptomatic contagious patients and healthy people. They are based on data available in scientific literature and real clinical experience. The document underlines the unique nature of ophthalmology and its impact on people’s health and wellbeing, outlines minimal requirements to be able to perform ophthalmology procedures, discusses the use of disposable devices and materials and outlines the criteria to manage potentially contagious patients and healthy people.
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ZUO, LIANG, ROBERT GREENWELL, SYED K. ISLAM, M. A. HUQUE, BENJAMIN J. BLALOCK, and LEON M. TOLBERT. "A UNIVERSAL SOI-BASED HIGH TEMPERATURE GATE DRIVER INTEGRATED CIRCUIT FOR SiC POWER SWITCHES WITH ON-CHIP SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 20, no. 03 (September 2011): 471–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156411006763.
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In recent years, increasing demand for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) has generated the need for reliable and low-cost high-temperature electronics which can operate at the high temperatures under the hood of these vehicles. A high-voltage and high temperature gate-driver integrated circuit for SiC FET switches with short circuit protection has been designed and implemented in a 0.8-micron silicon-on-insulator (SOI) high-voltage process. The prototype chip has been successfully tested up to 200°C ambient temperature without any heat sink or cooling mechanism. This gate-driver chip can drive SiC power FETs of the DC-DC converters in a HEV, and future chip modifications will allow it to drive the SiC power FETs of the traction drive inverter. The converter modules along with the gate-driver chip will be placed very close to the engine where the temperature can reach up to 175ΰC. Successful operation of the chip at this temperature with or without minimal heat sink and without liquid cooling will help achieve greater power-to-volume as well as power-to-weight ratios for the power electronics module.
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Millett, Ronald, Jamie Ramsey, Przemek Bock, Julie Nkanta, Henry Schriemer, Trevor J. Hall, and Serge Bidnyk. "Synthesis of Planar Reflective Gratings for Silicon Interconnects." Advances in Optical Technologies 2008 (May 21, 2008): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/315724.
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The design and simulations of planar reflective gratings for building optical interconnects in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) were studied for a range of silicon core thicknesses of 0.1 to 10 μm. The verticality of the grating facets has been shown to be the main contributing factor to the cumulative crosstalk in thick silicon cores. The dispersion property of the slab was found to limit the minimal thickness of the core for polarization-insensitive gratings. The effects of polarization-dependent confinement on optical crosstalk were studied. The findings were used to design and simulate a polarization-insensitive 18-channel coarse wavelength division demultiplexer (CWDM) with a free spectral range of over 600 nm. The CWDM demultiplexer uses a 1.7 μm silicon core and combines a shallow-etch tapered rib structure and multimode silicon channels to produce box-like passbands for integrated receiver applications. The diffraction grating was constructed using double astigmatic point design with phase-corrected grating facets to reduce astigmatism. Optical properties of the planar gratings have been simulated using quasivectorial diffraction grating theory. The simulation results confirm that there is high diffraction efficiency and low optical crosstalk over the entire range of operation. Applications of planar silicon gratings to the synthesis of silicon interconnects are discussed.
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Eicheldinger, Stefan, Stephan Karmann, Maximilian Prager, and Georg Wachtmeister. "Optical screening investigations of backfire in a large bore medium speed hydrogen engine." International Journal of Engine Research 23, no. 5 (October 20, 2021): 893–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14680874211053171.
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Further improvement of hydrogen combustion in port fuel injection engines is limited by backfire. To overcome this drawback of hydrogen port fuel injection engines it is essential to locate and understand the reasons for the inflammation of a backfiring cycle. To contribute to this understanding a minimal invasive lateral optical access was developed for a medium speed large bore engine. The access uses a UV enhanced endoscope to investigate the OH radical’s natural chemiluminescence to locate the inflammation of a backfiring cycle in the combustion chamber. The investigations are carried out at high engine load. The optical investigations were based on a thermodynamic screening. This included the variation of the start of the hydrogen port fuel injection and the engine’s backpressure. These experiments prove the influence of exhaust backpressure and the start of injection on the probability of backfire. As higher backpressure leads to an increased probability of backfire, the SoI strategy has also a decisive influence. An optimum start of injection timing with less backfire under high backpressure was experimentally determined at 300°CA with respect to 720°CA as FTDC. The conducted optical investigations show that backfire starts by ignition by hot residual gasses during the first cycle located under the exhaust valves. Furthermore, the results show ongoing combustion in the intake manifold leading to serious damage of the engine if not prohibited.
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Tadesse, Tsegaye, Donald A. Wilhite, Michael J. Hayes, Sherri K. Harms, and Steve Goddard. "Discovering Associations between Climatic and Oceanic Parameters to Monitor Drought in Nebraska Using Data-Mining Techniques." Journal of Climate 18, no. 10 (May 15, 2005): 1541–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3346.1.
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Abstract Drought is a complex natural hazard that is best characterized by multiple climatological and hydrological parameters. Improving our understanding of the relationships between these parameters is necessary to reduce the impacts of drought. Data mining is a recently developed technique that can be used to interact with large databases and assist in the discovery of associations between drought and oceanic data by extracting information from massive and multiple data archives. In this study, a new data-mining algorithm [i.e., Minimal Occurrences With Constraints and Time Lags (MOWCATL)] has been used to identify the relationships between oceanic parameters and drought indices. Rather than using traditional global statistical associations, the algorithm identifies drought episodes separate from normal and wet conditions and then uses drought episodes to find time-lagged relationships with oceanic parameters. As with all association-based data-mining algorithms, MOWCATL is used to find existing relationships in the data, and is not by itself a prediction tool. Using the MOWCATL algorithm, the analyses of the rules generated for selected stations and state-averaged data for Nebraska from 1950 to 1999 indicate that most occurrences of drought are preceded by positive values of the Southern Oscillation index (SOI), negative values of the multivariate ENSO index (MEI), negative values of the Pacific–North American (PNA) index, negative values of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), and negative values of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The frequency and confidence of the time-lagged relationships between oceanic indices and droughts at the selected stations in Nebraska indicate that oceanic parameters can be used as indicators of drought in Nebraska.
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Ajjur, Salah Basem, and Sami G. Al-Ghamdi. "Variation in Seasonal Precipitation over Gaza (Palestine) and Its Sensitivity to Teleconnection Patterns." Water 13, no. 5 (March 1, 2021): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13050667.
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The seasonal precipitation (SP) trend and its sensitivity to teleconnection patterns over the East Mediterranean (EM) region remain inconsistent. Based on rainfall records during 1974–2016 at seven meteorological stations in the Gaza region, this study aims to (1) analyze the observed SP trend over the Gaza region, and (2) examine the SP sensitivity to climate indices. Pearson and Spearman correlations between climate indices and SP in the current and following years were calculated, and the seasonal period (particular month) with the highest correlation was identified. Results show that the climate indices, with greater impact on SP over the Gaza region in the autumn and spring, were in the order; El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) > East Atlantic/Western Russia (EAWR) > North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) > Arctic Oscillation (AO). The indices’ impact was minimal in the winter precipitation. ENSO types’ correlations (Southern Oscillation Index-SOI and Niño 3.4) were moderate and significant at α = 0.05. Rainfall at most stations positively correlates with AO and EAWR in spring and autumn. During the study period, warm phases of ENSO (i.e., El Niño) intensified autumn precipitation. Simultaneously with warm phases of EAWR or AO, more influence on autumn precipitation is exerted. Cold phases of ENSO (i.e., La Niña) have an adverse impact compared to El Niño. EAWR co-variation was evident only with the ENSO. Regarding AO, a non-meaningful action was noticed during the neutral phases of ENSO and EAWR. The findings of this study help understand and predict the seasonal trend of precipitation over the Gaza region. This is essential to set up climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies in the EM region.
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Orfao, Alberto, Bruno Paiva, Juan Flores-Montero, Noemi Puig, Laura Gutierrez, Ramon Garcia-Sanz, Maria-Victoria Mateos, Juan Jose Lahuerta, and Jesus San Miguel. "Characterization of Minimal Residual Disease." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): SCI—52—SCI—52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.sci-52.sci-52.
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Abstract Minimal residual disease (MRD) defines persistence of minimal numbers (<10-2-10-6) of residual tumor cells after treatment. In recent years, evaluation of MRD has become more frequently used as a mean to assess the quality of response to therapy in multiple myeloma (MM), particularly among those patients who have reached complete remission (CR). At the same time, it has become one of the most relevant prognostic factors in MM, both among patients with standard-risk and those with high-risk cytogenetics. In parallel, the introduction of novel therapies has led to significantly higher CR rates, with also lower rates of MRD-positivity and lower MRD levels. Such improvement in response to therapy of MM has fostered the development of progressively more sensitive approaches that allow deeper evaluation of the quality of the response achieved. However, it is well-known that while most cases that show persistence of MRD after therapy will eventually relapse, some of these patients show persistence of MRD in the absence of disease recurrence. In turn, a significant fraction of MM patients with high-risk cytogenetics, despite reaching deep responses to therapy, show early relapse. Altogether, these findings point out the potential relevance of the biological features of MRD cells, in addition to the MRD levels, in determining long-term MRD control vs. disease recurrence. Therefore, understanding the biologic signature of MRD cells may provide important insight into the mechanisms involved in chemoresistance and the discovery of novel potential therapeutic targets. At present, information about the phenotypic and genetic/genomic features of the chemoresistant myeloma plasma cell (PC) clones remains limited; this is mainly due the minimal levels of residual tumor cells, particularly among the MRD+ patients identified at advanced stages of therapy. Characterization of the phenotypic and genetic profiles of MRD+ myeloma PC which are resistant to induction therapy vs. paired diagnostic myeloma PC from elderly patients treated with novel drugs in the GEM2010MAS65 clinical trial, unravel that therapy-induced clonal selection can be already identified at the MRD stage, after induction therapy. In these settings, chemoresistant myeloma PC showed a specific phenotypic signature that may result from the persistence of clones with unique cytogenetic alterations. Thus, MRD myeloma PC which persisted after induction therapy showed increased expression levels of integrins and adhesion molecules (e.g. CD11c, CD29, CD44, CD49d, CD49e, CD54 and CD138, suggesting that among the initial tumor bulk, the few chemoresistant cells are likely to be those with stronger adhesion properties. Such cells also showed overall different gene expression profiles, with de-regulated genes/pathways related to proteasome-inhibition chemoresistance (e.g.: genes encoding for proteasome subunits or endoplasmic reticulum proteins), and that may influence survival of MM patients. Comparison of both iFISH and copy number variation profiles between patient-paired diagnostic vs. MRD PC revealed different genetic profiles in a substantial percentage of cases, which may potentially be due to the acquisition of new alterations during therapy that render the cell more chemoresistant, and/or the emergence of ultra-chemoresistant MRD cells that represented a subclone of all PC present at diagnosis. Disclosures Paiva: Celgene: Consultancy; Binding Site: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; BD Bioscience: Consultancy; Onyx: Consultancy; EngMab AG: Research Funding; Millenium: Consultancy; Sanofi: Consultancy. Puig:The Binding Site: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy. San Miguel:Millennium: Honoraria; Onyx: Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria; Sanofi-Aventis: Honoraria; Janssen-Cilag: Honoraria.
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Pringuey, D. "De l’hospitalisation à l’hospitalité, une permissivité thérapeutique en psychiatrie." European Psychiatry 29, S3 (November 2014): 585–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.09.296.
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Lieu de soin œuvrant à la réhabilitation et au rétablissement, l’hôpital accueille l’hôte (hostis, étranger) en tant qu’institution mentale, selon « une théorie qui sous-tend et justifie ce qui y est fait, sa pratique », soit ses modalités de mise au jour des possibilités d’émergence d’un Sujet soumis à la confrontation entre équipe soignante et proches ou aidants, entre dimension médicale et ordre de l’intime, entre actes techniques et attitudes spontanées, entre culture et nature [1]. L’enjeu de la compétition est moins le pouvoir ou le prestige que l’identité du groupe et de chacun : il y va de la définition de ce qu’est un Sujet, la subjectivité, non plus substance comme Moi, Personnalité, mais plutôt identité, proportion entre l’identique, le même (le rôle) la permanence de l’objet, et l’unique, l’unité, (le Je, le Soi) la promesse de la parole tenue. Il s’agit de cette fragile capacité de constituer un moi, soit d’assumer une distance, un creux, tout en restant un Sujet [2]. L’hospitalisation, refuge assurant « le gîte et le couvert », entre cohabitation et départ du projet de rétablissement, au-delà de ses ressources techniques assez fournies, engage dans sa manière de s’occuper du patient un principe relevant d’une maïeutique du Sujet, dépassant les approches par symptômes, comportement ou personnalité pour accéder à la personne, à l’identité, avec pour préoccupation la visée du possible. Le soin doit alors garantir un savant dosage entre deux modes d’assistance, l’un « substitutif–dominateur » qui répond à l’intérêt technique–instrumental d’un souci empirique de maîtrise, et l’autre, à l’opposé, « devançant–libérateur » dont le projet est communicatif pour un acte intersubjectif de dévoilement. Soigner en psychiatrie, c’est préserver un champ minimal de liberté pour ce qui est Sujet ou possibilité de Sujet et prendre conscience de la fragilité de la subjectivité humaine, à la fois obstacle redoutable et ressource essentielle, condition première d’une alliance authentique.
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Druley, Todd E. "Novel Technologies to Detect Minimal Residual Disease." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): SCI—31—SCI—31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.sci-31.sci-31.
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Abstract The widespread use of ribonucleic acid (RNA) analysis as a measure of minimal residual disease (MRD) in leukemia has primarily been performed via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (RQ-PCR) for common translocations, insertions/deletions and duplications (e.g. FLT3-ITD, MLL-PTD). While RQ-PCR for known rearrangements can offer a limit of detection as low as 1:106, these make up a minority of the total leukemia cases. MLL-rearrangements are generally not amenable to RQ-PCR due to the many fusion partners and breakpoints in these translocations. The ability to use quantitative RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) for MRD assessment would enable detection of allele-specific gene expression, alternative splicing and cryptic splice forms in addition to common rearrangements. While a few institutions are performing reflexive genome, transcription and methylome sequencing for cancer patients, standard RNA-seq library preparation is relatively low efficiency, which causes loss of rare transcripts1 required for meaningful MRD assessment. Three methods currently employed to overcome this inherent bias in RNA-seq are targeted RNA sequencing of cancer-related genes to reduce off target, non-specific sequencing which improves read depth and mutation detection2; single cell transcriptomes to obtain a digital readout of gene expression in single cells rather than a population-based average; and the addition of unique molecular indexes (UMI) to normalize amplification bias and obtain digital quantitation of transcripts in populations of cells. None of these methods have been carefully studied for their applicability to diagnostic testing, but single cell transcriptome profiling has been applied to solid tumor biology3,4. In this presentation, we explore whether digital RNA-seq can serve as a viable modality for MRD either as a stand-alone method or in conjunction with other methods of genomic profiling or immunophenotyping. While single-cell RNA profiling allows for co-localization of mutations within the same cell and is now capable of surveying hundreds to thousands of cells in a single experiment for reasonable costs, this scale remains far below the throughput necessary for MRD detection of cells present at 1:105. One would need to process tens of thousands of cells and analyze the resulting data to confidently identify any residual leukemia cells, which is not currently feasible in timescales amenable to clinical decision making. We present data from the combination of targeted RNA sequencing of a pan-cancer gene expression array with the addition of UMIs to normalize amplification bias and computationally eliminate errors introduced by the sequencing platform while specifically sequencing cancer-associated genes to high read depths. This enables high-throughput detection of allele and isoform-specific transcripts at frequencies below 1:5,000. This method can be coupled with an equivalent DNA sequencing analysis from the same sample to ascertain the relative expression of leukemia-associated mutant alleles. However, one significant drawback to the addition of UMIs compared to single-cell RNA-seq is that the ability to co-localize mutations is lost. As epigenetic modifiers and targeted agents continue to permeate cancer therapy, these evolving technologies should offer more than direct quantification of residual leukemia cells, but a rich series of data on expression differences in healthy and cancer cells before, during and after therapy. References:Fu GK, Xu W, Wilhemly J, et al. Molecular indexing enables quantitative targeted RNA sequencing and reveals poor efficiencies in standard library preparations. PNAS. 2014;111(5):1891-1896.Lin L, Abo R, Dolcen D, et al. Targeted RNA sequencing improves transcript analysis in cancer samples. Cancer Res. 2015;75:1115 (abstract).Kim KT, Lee HW, Lee HO, et al. Application of single-cell RNA sequencing in optimizing a combinatorial therapeutic strategy in metastatic renal carcinoma. Genome Biol. 2016;17:80.Tirosh I, Izar B, Prakadan SM, et al. Dissecting the multicellular ecosystem of metastatic melanoma by single-cell RNA-seq. Science. 2016;352:189-196. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Shinde, Mr Bhushan Subhash, Dr Usha C. Pawar, and Mr Rajesh Kumar. "Diesel Engine Fuel Pump Pressure, Time Setting and Calibration." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): 2014–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41025.
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Abstract: For a diesel engine, fuel pressure time setting and calibration are very important parameters, which influence and increase the engine efficiency, performance, emissions, and combustion. Other injection parameters affecting engine performance are rate of injection, injection pattern, number of injections etc. A single cylinder research engine was used to experimentally determine the effects of fuel injection strategies and injection timings on engine combustion, performance and emission characteristics. The experiments were conducted at constant speed (2500 rpm) with two FIPs (500 and 1000 bars respectively) and different start of injection (SOI) timings. Cylinder pressure and rate of heat release (ROHR) were found to be higher for lower FIPs however advanced injection timings gave higher ROHR in early combustion stages. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased with increased injection pressures while exhaust gas temperature and brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) increased up to 500 bars. These parameters reduced slightly with increase in fuel pressure time pump. Diesel engine combustion quality is based on the formation of fuel-air mixture. Enormous efforts have made to reduce the harmful diesel engine emissions. High engine noise, Particulate matter (PM) and NOx production are the results of improper combustion process and considered as the major constraints. The performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines depend on many parameters. Precise control over the fuel injection process is one of the most important factors and plays a very important role in combustion to increase the engine performance with minimal exhaust emission. The injection system must satisfy high pressure capability, injection pressure control, flexible timing control, and injection rate control. The purpose of this study is to find the performance and exhaust emission of diesel engines by implementing the combination of various high injection pressures and variable injection timings. Present paper is concentrated towords optimization of the best combination of high pressure injection with suitable injection timing in a diesel engine fueled with pure diesel, to reduce the emission and fuel consumption with increased engine power. Keywords: Diesel Engine fuel pump pressure, time,setting and calibration.
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Valk, Peter. "Molecular Minimal Residual Disease Detection in Acute Myeloid Leukemia." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): SCI—30—SCI—30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.sci-30.sci-30.
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Abstract Minimal residual disease (MRD) detection based on the standardized molecular monitoring of the t(9;22)-related BCR-ABL1 fusion transcript is well established for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The levels of BCR-ABL1 serve as a guide to tailor treatment of the CML patient. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML) MRD detection based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approaches targeted towards the acquired molecular abnormalities is less well established. MRD measurement of the CBFB-MYH11 and RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion transcripts after induction therapy has been shown to be of some clinical importance. However, these transcripts can persist during long term complete remission, without having an effect on treatment outcome. In contrast, sequential MRD monitoring of the PML-RARA fusion transcript in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a strong predictor of relapse. Initial molecular MRD studies were limited to these favorable AML subtypes. Due to the discovery of novel recurrent abnormalities in AML the potential of molecular MRD detection has increased substantially. Although, certain acquired mutations, such as those in NPM1, are known for a number of years, only recently the application of these molecular abnormalities for MRD detection has been investigated in larger clinical trials. By NPM1 mutant MRD detection we can now recognize patients with higher risk of relapse. Highly sensitive targeted detection of the hotspot mutations in AML subsets is feasible by means of real-time PCR, but detection of patient specific mutations with this technology is still challenging. Next generation sequencing (NGS) revealed that AML is an extremely heterogeneous disease, as illustrated by the multitude of acquired mutations, but this technology has also opened possibilities for detection of MRD in virtually every patient. With NGS there is no need for patient specific assays since practically all mutations are detected. These molecular abnormalities, as single marker or in combination, will most certainly improve MRD monitoring of AML. However, it remains yet to be determined how MRD levels are assessed and which combination of markers in a MRD detection result in clinically relevant information, requiring extensive validation in large clinical AML trials. Smaller studies already demonstrated the variable dynamics of MRD during treatment and associations between somatic mutations persistence and risk of relapse. However, clonal hematopoiesis of undetermined potential, i.e., preleukemic mutations that may persist after treatment, provides an extra layer of complexity to the applicability of MRD detection. For example, the clinical applicability of MRD detection in the setting of mutant DNMT3A and IDH mutations is likely less effective due to the persistent DNMT3A and IDH mutant preleukemic cells following treatment. However, should all mutations be cleared after treatment or can preleukemic mutations in otherwise normal hematopoiesis persist without resulting in relapse? Taken together, there is need for molecular approaches to understand the dynamics of residual disease in AML during treatment. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Sequeira, Adrian, and Shukhrat Artikov. "Minimal Modification to the Trerotola Backbleeding Technique Increases Its Effectiveness." Seminars in Dialysis 28, no. 6 (July 1, 2015): 676–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sdi.12405.
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Roohi, Mehdi, and Mohsen Rostamian Delavar. "On F-implicit Minimal Vector Variational Inequalities." Statistics, Optimization & Information Computing 10, no. 2 (March 23, 2022): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.19139/soic-2310-5070-434.
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In this paper, by introducing some new concepts in minimal spaces, we prove a generalized form of the Fan-KKM theorem in minimal vector spaces. A new class of minimal generalized vector F-implicit variational inequality problems and, as an application of Fan-KKM theorem is investigated. Moreover, an existence theorem for this kind of problems under some suitable assumptions in minimal vector spaces is given.
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Pulsipher, Michael A. "Disease Response Guiding Therapy in Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia: Pivotal Role of Minimal Residual Disease." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): SCI—34—SCI—34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.sci-34.sci-34.
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In spite of an explosion of data regarding mutations associated with childhood ALL, to date these key genetic changes rarely have been the driver of therapy. Clinical parameters at presentation (WBC, age, T- vs. B-lineage, etc.) have dictated initial risk stratification and induction approaches, followed by risk-adapted therapy based upon leukemic response measured by minimal residual disease (MRD, either PCR- or flow cytometry-based). With minor variations, rapid disappearance of peripheral MRD, followed by significant clearance from the marrow after induction, and most importantly, the level of MRD after consolidation have allowed clear distinctions in outcomes that have driven intensification or de-intensification of therapy resulting in improved outcomes. Although specific gene mutations have been associated with risk, MRD has further identified better risk patients within genetic subgroups. For patients noted to be very high risk who are candidates for hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), the presence of MRD both pre- and post-transplant has been associated with increased risk of relapse; the risk being modified by level of MRD, whether or not GVHD occurs after HCT, and timing after HCT when MRD is measured. In lower risk patients being treated with chemotherapy and higher risk patients eligible for HCT, more sensitive approaches to flow cytometry and PCR, as well as next-generation sequencing (NGS) MRD approaches (sensitive to 1/10^7 cells) are currently being tested. It is not clear yet whether NGS-MRD offers substantial improvements in patients treated with chemotherapy, as broad-based testing is underway; the latest comparative outcomes will be presented. There is evidence of a striking improvement in our ability to define patients who will do very will after transplant (not relapse), and preliminary evidence that post-HCT NGS MRD testing is more sensitive that other methodologies in defining risk of relapse after transplant. As the latest information about the ability of different approaches to MRD is shown in this session, we will also present how response to therapy based upon MRD interacts with various genetic subtypes (Ph+ ALL, extreme hypodiploidy, etc.). Even in subclasses that are considered very high risk based solely upon genetics, measurement of MRD can define higher and lower risk groups. Going forward, as more and different types of patients are subcategorized and treated with targeted agents based upon specific mutations, it is likely MRD response will continue to be important in mapping intensity of approach and defining children at highest risk of relapse who might benefit from HCT or other cellular therapeutic approaches. Disclosures Pulsipher: Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
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Svobodová, O., J. Jančíková, J. Horáček, P. Liebhard, and V. Čechová. "Changes of soil organic matter under minimum tillage in different soil-climatic conditions." Soil and Water Research 5, No. 4 (December 1, 2010): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1/2010-swr.
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Quantitative and qualitative soil organic matter properties were observed in a specific large area experiment (Chernozem – Gross Enzersdorf, Austria) and in a medium-term field experiment (Cambisol – Studena, Czech Republic). Two technologies – minimum tillage (MT) and conventional tillage (CT) – were compared by means of the determination of quantitative and qualitative soil organic matter parameters of the soil samples in the years 2004–2005. Cambisol showed higher values of quantitative soil organic matter parameters in MT compared to those in CT over the whole soil profile. For Cambisol, the qualitative parameters were almost comparable for both technologies. Chernozem showed more favourable values of the quantitative parameters in the surface layer in MT, however, the values had rather a contrary trend in deeper soil layers. CT showed slightly more favourable values of the qualitative soil organic matter parameters in Chernozem. It can be said that Chernozem organic matter reaction to tillage technology changes is slower and of minor rate in comparison with that of Cambisol organic matter. The results of quantitative and qualitative parameters do not conform with the generally recognised values for the Chernozem soil type.
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Schoen, Alan H. "Reflections concerning triply-periodic minimal surfaces." Interface Focus 2, no. 5 (May 30, 2012): 658–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2012.0023.
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In recent decades, there has been an explosion in the number and variety of embedded triply-periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) identified by mathematicians and materials scientists. Only the rare examples of low genus, however, are commonly invoked as shape templates in scientific applications. Exact analytic solutions are now known for many of the low genus examples. The more complex surfaces are readily defined with numerical tools such as S urface E volver software or the Landau–Ginzburg model. Even though table-top versions of several TPMS have been placed within easy reach by rapid prototyping methods, the inherent complexity of many of these surfaces makes it challenging to grasp their structure. The problem of distinguishing TPMS, which is now acute because of the proliferation of examples, has been addressed by Lord & Mackay (Lord & Mackay 2003 Curr. Sci . 85 , 346–362).
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Xu, Hanzhang, Matthew E. Dupre, and Bei Wu. "TRAJECTORIES OF SUBJECTIVE MEMORY IMPAIRMENT AND OBJECTIVE COGNITIVE DECLINE IN U.S. OLDER ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.743.
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Abstract We examined the dual trajectories of subjective memory impairment (SMI) and objective cognitive decline and their associated factors in U.S. older adults. We used data from the Health and Retirement Study which includes a nationally representative sample of 19,408 Americans age 65 and older from 1998 to 2016. Trajectories of SMI and objective cognitive decline were simultaneously characterized using a group-based trajectory model and multinomial logistic regressions were used to assess factors associated with the dual-trajectory typologies. Four dual-trajectories were identified: “minimal SMI and stable-low cognitive decline” (33.1% of respondents); “minimal SMI with accelerated cognitive decline” (28.2%); “significant SMI with moderate cognitive decline” (21.0%); and “moderate SMI with steady cognitive decline” (17.6%). Being male, minority, low educated, living alone, and having comorbidities were associated with trajectories featuring greater SMI or more rapid deterioration in cognition. The results suggest complex co-occurring changes in subjective memory and objective cognition in older adults.
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Oran, Betul, Amin M. Alousi, Rohtesh S. Mehta, David Marin, Partow Kebriaei, Uday R. Popat, Amanda L. Olson, et al. "Minimal Residual Disease Eradication with Guadecitabine (SGI-110) in the Post-Transplant Setting." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-134204.
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Background: Disease relapse remains to be the one of the major reasons of treatment failures after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allow-SCT) in AML and MDS patients (pts.). Guadecitabineis (SGI-110) a next generation hypomethylating agent that molecularly is a dinucleotide derivative of decitabine and achieves a more effective hypomethylation activity due to extended exposure window of the active metabolite decitabine. We present interim results of a single arm phase II trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of SGI-110 in AML/MDS pts. to improve transplant outcomes. Methods: In this study, there are 3 treatment cohorts defined by disease status after transplant with different outcomes. Cohort 1 includes AML/MDS pts. with morphological relapse; cohort 2 with minimal residual (MRD) and cohort 3 with no evidence of disease. As of June 2020, 54 pts. have enrolled. Herein, we report the interim analyses cohort 2 pts. aged 18-75 with detectable MRD by flow cytometry or cytogenetic or molecular testing after allo-SCT. Pts. are excluded in the presence of (1) any anti-leukemic agents used after MRD detection (2) active acute or chronic graft versus host disease (GvHD), (3) uncontrolled systemic infection (4) Concurrent use of systemic immune suppressive other than calcineurin inhibitors and sirolimus. The study intervention includes SGI-110 given as 40 mg/m2/day subcutaneously for 5 consecutive days every 28 days in addition to 3 planned donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) if clinically feasible. The pts. are allowed to receive maximum 6 cycles of SGI-110 to achieve response which was defined as eradication of MRD. Pts. achieving response continue the treatment with SGI-110 given as maintenance to complete 12 cycles of treatment. DLI is planned to be given on the 6th day of the 2nd, 4th and 6th cycles of SGI-110 if clinically feasible. Pts. are taken off the study if there is (1) relapse or no response within the first 6 cycles of SGI-110 (2) related and unexpected serious adverse events (AEs) (3) withdrawal of consent or death or lost to follow up. Study is designed to take a response probability of .20 or larger as considered promising. A maximum of 25 pts. with MRD will be treated. Results: As of June 2020, 17 pts. enrolled; M/F was 6/11, median age 63 (range 28 to70) and 11 had AML. Of 17 pts., 6 had their second allo-SCT. European LeukemiaNet risk category was adverse in 8, intermediate in 2 and favorable in 1 AML pts. Of 6 MDS pts., 6 had poor or very poor risk cytogenetics by revised-IPSS. Median time to MRD detection after the last transplant was 94 days (range, 28 to 504 days). Chimerism was checked in 16 pts. at the time of MRD detection; median T and myeloid cell chimerism was 100% (range, 35% to 100% for T and 24% to 100% for myeloid cell lineages). Pts. started SGI-110 within a median of 17 days after MRD detection (range, 1 to 58 days). Of 17 pts., 14 were evaluable for response; 2 have been undergoing the treatment with no response evaluation yet done and one died of respiratory complications not related to study drug before response evaluation was possible. Of 14, 6 achieved response with MRD eradication (posterior probability of response=41.3% with 95% credible interval (CI) 18.0% to 65.3%). The number of SGI-110 treatment cycles before response varied from 1 to 6 with a median of 3. All but 1 responders received at least one DLI infusion before achieving MRD eradication. Of the 6 responders, only 1 had disease relapse and another died due to GvHD related complications, both 20 months after MRD detection. For pts. who had response with MRD eradication, relapse-free survival (RFS) at 1-year after response determination was 100% (95%CI=21%-69.6%) and it was 0% for non-responders (Figure 1a). Similarly, OS was 100% for responders and 0% for non-responders at 1-year after response determination (Figure 1b). During the study, 130 AEs observed during the 53 cycles of SGI-110 treatment applied. Of 130, 108 (83%) were attributable to SGI-110 and 70 of 108 (65%) were grade 3 or higher in severity. Most of the AEs were related with bone marrow suppression; of 70 AEs grade 3 or higher, 23 (33%) were thrombocytopenia, 15 (21%) were neutropenia, and 2 were anemia. There was no grade 5 AE observed attributable to study drug. Conclusion: SGI-110 given with or without DLI is well tolerated and yields encouraging response rates that are durable to prevent morphological relapse after MRD detection in the post-transplant setting. The study has been ongoing. Figure 1 Disclosures Oran: ASTEX: Research Funding; Arog Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy. Alousi:Incyte: Honoraria, Research Funding; Alexion: Honoraria; Therakos: Research Funding. Mehta:Kadmon: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; CSL Behring: Research Funding. Kebriaei:Amgen: Other: Research Support; Jazz: Consultancy; Kite: Other: Served on advisory board; Novartis: Other: Served on advisory board; Pfizer: Other: Served on advisory board; Ziopharm: Other: Research Support. Popat:Bayer: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding. Keer:Astex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Current Employment. Champlin:Johnson and Johnson: Consultancy; Genzyme: Speakers Bureau; Actinium: Consultancy; DKMS America: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Cytonus: Consultancy; Omeros: Consultancy; Takeda: Patents & Royalties. OffLabel Disclosure: Guadecitabine was used off-label for relapse prevention in the post-transplant setting.
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Nitschke, N. J., J. Bjoern, O. Met, I. M. Svane, and M. H. Andersen. "Therapeutic Vaccination against A Modified Minimal Survivin Epitope Induces Functional CD4 T Cells That Recognize Survivin-Expressing Cells." Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 84, no. 3 (August 24, 2016): 191–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sji.12456.
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Hooper, Ginger K., and J. A. Kittrick. "Soil Equilibration with Minimal Solution Loss." Soil Science Society of America Journal 50, no. 1 (January 1986): 259–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000010051x.
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Purba, Eliakim Purba. "Analisis Pendapatan Petani Padi Sawah Di Kecamatan Sei Rampah, Kotarih, Sei Bamban dan Perbaungan Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai." Juripol (Jurnal Institusi Politeknik Ganesha Medan) 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/juripol.v3i1.10924.
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Penelitian ini dilaksankan pada bulan Mei - juli 2019, Pelaksanaan Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besaran pendapatan Petani dalam usaha tani padi sawah di Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rata rata luas lahan petani responden adalah 0.308 Ha, maka rata rata biaya produksi berupa saprodi pertanian yang harus dikeluarkan petani adalah Rp. 466.000, rata rata biaya tenaga kerja sebesar Rp. 2.283.000 dan rata rata penerimaan adalah Rp. 7.646.000. Rata rata penerimaan yang diperoleh petani padi sawah di wilayah pertanian sebesar Rp. 5.097.000 dan biaya produksi dan tenaga kerja sebesar Rp. 2.749.0000, maka R/C ratio diperoleh sebesar 1,8. Artinya akan nmenghasilkan keuntungan sebesar 1.8. Karena nilai R/C Ratio lebih besar dari pada 1 (R/C>1) maka usaha tani padi sawah layak untuk diusahakan.
Petani Responden pada usaha tani padi sawah minimal harus mampu meningkatkan produksi mencapai 2.233 Kg per musim tanam dengan rata rata luas lahan dengan dengan luas lahan 0.038 Ha agar tidak merugi. Sedangkan pendapatan minimal yang harus diperoleh berdasarkan perhitungan titik impas yaitu sebesar Rp. 3.167.000 per musim tanam.
Keyword : Biaya Usaha tani, penerimaan, Keuntungan Usaha Tani
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Leonard, Laurence B., Stephen Camarata, Richard G. Schwartz, Kathy Chapman, and Cheryl Messick. "Homonymy and the Voiced-Voiceless Distinction in the Speech of Children with Specific Language Impairment." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 28, no. 2 (June 1985): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.2802.215.
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Two studies are reported in which homonymy in the speech of children with specific language impairment (SLI) was examined. In the first study, the degree of homonymy reflected in the speech of 14 SLI children was found to resemble that seen in the speech of a group of language-matched children with normal language (NL). Within each group there was considerable variation in the degree of homonymy observed. An examination of the sound changes that contributed to the children's use of homonymy suggested that homonyms arising from prevocalic voicing were more frequent in the speech of the NL children. The second study represented a more systematic examination of prevocalic voicing differences between NL and SLI children. Minimal pairs differing only in the voicing feature of the initial consonant were produced by four SLI and four language-matched NL children. The SLI children showed greater ability to distinguish the minimal pairs by means of a voiced-voiceless initial consonant contrast, as measured by voice onset time as well as by phonetic transcription. The linguistic and neuromotor factors contributing to the findings are discussed.
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Evans, Elizabeth, Ellen Flávia Moreira Gabriel, Tomás E. Benavidez, Wendell Karlos Tomazelli Coltro, and Carlos D. Garcia. "Modification of microfluidic paper-based devices with silica nanoparticles." Analyst 139, no. 21 (2014): 5560–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4an01147c.
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Hendrawan, Aries Tri, Gina Bachtiar, and Amos Neolaka. "MUTU BLOK BETON RINGAN AERASI TERHADAP SNI 03-2156-1991 TENTANG BLOK BETON RINGAN BERGELEMBUNG UDARA DENGAN PROSES OTOKLAF (KASUS PADA KECAMATAN BEKASI TIMUR)." Menara: Jurnal Teknik Sipil 8, no. 1 (January 7, 2013): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jmenara.v8i1.8129.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas beton ringan aerasiblok yang ada di Distrik Jakarta Timur berdasarkan SNI 03-2156-1991.Semakin banyak pabrikan yang produknya beredar di bidangKabupaten Jakarta Timur memungkinkan beton ringan memiliki blok beton akualitas yang berbeda. Acuan dalam penelitian ini adalah SNI 03-2156-1991 yangtermasuk toleransi ukuran, kandungan berat dan tekankekuatan. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental, populasinya adalahbalok beton aerasi ringan yang dipasarkan di kecamatanJakarta Timur, sedangkan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 10 ringanblok beton aerasi yang akan diambil dari empat produsenmerupakan blok beton aerasi ringan yang tersebar didistrik Jakarta timur. Tes dilakukan pada material laboratotium FTUNJTeknik Sipil.Hasil uji toleransi ukuran beton aerasi ringanhanya blok grup B, C, dan D yang memenuhi ukuran yang dimintapanjang 590 mm, lebar 190 mm dan tebal 100 mm. Tes menunjukkan bahwaberat isi seluruh kelompok memenuhi kualitaspersyaratan SNI 03-2156-1991. Pada uji kuat tekanhanya Kelompok A yang memenuhi persyaratan mutu SNI 03-2156-1991yang merupakan kekuatan tekan rata-rata minimal 3,6 N / mm2.Peneliti juga membandingkan dengan kuat tekan SNI 03-0349-1989, dalam kelompok A dan C memenuhi persyaratan kualitas, sementara kelompok Bdan D tidak memenuhi persyaratan mutu SNI 03-0349-1989 yang manaadalah kekuatan tekan rata-rata minimal 25 kg / cm2.Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kualitas aerasi ringanbalok beton yang beredar di Kabupaten Jakarta Timur tidak adakualitas yang berkualitas. SNI 03-2156-1991.
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Abdellatif, Nahla, Walid Bouhafs, Jérôme Harmand, and Frédéric Jean. "A Geometrical Approach for the Optimal Control of Sequencing Batch Bio-Reactors." Statistics, Optimization & Information Computing 9, no. 2 (September 26, 2020): 368–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.19139/soic-2310-5070-868.
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In this work, we consider an optimal control problem of a biological sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for thetreatment of pollutants in wastewater. This model includes two biological reactions, one being aerobic while the other is anoxic. The objective is to find an optimal oxygen-injecting strategy to reach, in minimal time and in a minimal time/energy compromise, a target where the pollutants concentrations must fulfill normative constraints. Using a geometrical approach, we solve a more general optimal control problem and thanks to Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle, we explicitly give the complete optimal strategy.
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Musselman, Kristin E., and Jaynie F. Yang. "Spinal Cord Injury Functional Ambulation Profile: A Preliminary Look at Responsiveness." Physical Therapy 94, no. 2 (February 1, 2014): 240–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20130071.
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Background The Spinal Cord Injury Functional Ambulation Profile (SCI-FAP) is a valid, reliable measure of walking skill (eg, walking while negotiating obstacles, doors, and stairs). Objective The responsiveness of the SCI-FAP was assessed at least 7 months after spinal cord injury (SCI) and compared with that of the 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) and the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Design A secondary analysis of data collected during a randomized, single-blind, crossover trial was performed. Methods Participants had incomplete SCI and could walk at least 5 m without manual assistance. After 3 or 4 baseline assessments, participants completed 2 months of precision training (stepping over obstacles and onto targets on the ground) and 2 months of endurance training (treadmill training with body weight support, if needed). Walking function was assessed with the SCI-FAP, 10MWT, and 6MWT. Internal responsiveness was evaluated through change scores and standardized response means (SRMs). External responsiveness was gauged by correlating change scores on the SCI-FAP, 10MWT, and 6MWT. The minimal detectable change was calculated from the standard error of measurement from the baseline assessments. Results The SCI-FAP scores improved with both interventions. The magnitude of change was greater for participants whose pretraining self-selected speed was less than 0.5 m/s. The SCI-FAP had moderate SRMs. The 10MWT (fastest speed) and 6MWT had the largest SRMs after precision training and endurance training, respectively. The minimal detectable change in the SCI-FAP was 96 points. Limitations The convenience sample was small and all participants could ambulate independently (with devices); therefore, the generalizability of the findings is limited. Conclusions The SCI-FAP was responsive to changes in walking ability in participants who had incomplete SCI and walked at slow speeds, but overall the 10MWT and 6MWT were more responsive.
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KANE, R. P. "Trends, periodicities and ENSO relationships of the annual precipitation over the contiguous United States and Southern Canada." MAUSAM 52, no. 4 (January 11, 2022): 659–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v52i4.1738.
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The century-long (1891-1990) time series of Groisman and Easterling (1994a,b) representing estimates of annual precipitation amounts over five homogeneous regions of the United States and Southern Canada (south of 55° N) were examined for trends, periodicities and ENSO relationships. The trends were not uniformly up or down during the 100-year interval, for any region. From 1891 to about 1930, the trends were downward or negligible. Thereafter, the trends were mostly upward, with cyclic variations superposed. A spectral analysis revealed significant periodicities in the QBO and QTO regions (2-3 years and 3-4 years) as also higher periodicities, some common to all regions and hence seen in the series for the entire region. To study the ENSO relationship, a finer classification of El Nino events was used. Each year was examined to check whether it had an El Nino (EN) and/or a Southern Oscillation Index SOI minimum (SO) and/or warm (W) or cold (C) equatorial eastern Pacific sea surface temperatures SST. Several years were ENSOW, which were further subdivided into two groups viz. Unambiguous ENSOW where El Nino existed and SOI minima and SST maxima were in the middle of the calendar year (May-Aug) and, Ambiguous ENSOW where El Nino existed but the SOI minima and SST maxima were in the early or late part of the calendar year, not in the middle. Other El Nino events were of the type ENSO, ENW, ENC, EN. For the All India summer monsoon rainfall, Unambiguous ENSOW were overwhelmingly associated with droughts. For the rainfall in USA and Canada, relationships were not clear-cut except in the Gulf-Mexico region and some other parts. For these regions, excess rains were associated better with the Unambiguous ENSOW.
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Zechmeister, K. M., and R. L. Evans. "Incorporating Human Engineering into a SDI Simulation." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 31, no. 10 (September 1987): 1170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128703101022.
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Human Engineering methods were employed to critique a SDI simulation software package. The areas of human performance measures, subjective responses, number of options to view, commonality of different sections, and user support functions were evaluated. This was for the intent of creating a program that was “user-friendly” and would require a minimal amount of training time. A naive user was provided a checklist and asked to score the input and output interface modules while creating a scenario. Written text followed the checklists which included detailed examples for increasing the efficiency in the designated deficient areas. This led to incorporating changes for a more effective program, reducing cost and time.
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Aloysius, J., J. A. Sumito, D. Prayogo, and H. Santoso. "Optimization of concentrically braced steel frame structures based on SNI 1726:2019, SNI 1727:2020, SNI 1729:2020, and AISC 341-16." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 907, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/907/1/012010.
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Abstract Damages resulted from earthquakes are a loss in the economic sector. The structure of multi-story buildings needs an earthquake-proof design with higher performance to reduce such losses. By utilizing the metaheuristic algorithm, this study aims to identify the most compatible brace configuration and profile used in a concentrically braced steel frame structures with minimal total weight and that will meet the safety requirements. This algorithm is suitable owing to the fact that it is able to find solutions to any known optimization problem either through Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Symbiotic Organisms Search (SOS), or Differential Evolution (DE). The performance of these algorithms will demonstrated in a form of comparison through a case study of optimizing a 5-span, 6-story steel frame structure. These systems will determine the lightest frame weight, which also correlates to a lower construction cost, without compromising the constraints of SNI 1726:2019, SNI 1727:2020, SNI 1729:2020, and AISC 341-16. Based on the results of data processing, SOS is shown to achieve the highest algorithm performance compared to PSO and DE.
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Sar'iyyah, Nining. "PENGGUNAAN MODEL STAD BERBASIS PRAKTIKUM UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA PADA SISWA KELAS 5 SDI WATUJARA." INVENTA 3, no. 1 (March 21, 2019): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/inventa.3.1.a1802.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA pada siswa kelas V SDI Watujara. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Subyek penelitian merupakan siswa kelas V SDI Watujara yang berjumlah 27 orang. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik tes, catatan lapangan dan wawancara. Data kemudian dianalisis dengan membandingkan persentase ketuntasan minimal secara klasikal pada setiap akhir siklus. Hasi penelitian menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar siswa setelah diterapkan model STAD berbasis praktikum
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Abdurakhmanov, Ilhomjon. "ЯНГИ ҒЎЗА НАВЛАРИНИ ПАРВАРИШЛАШДА ТУПРОҚҚА РЕСУРСТЕЖАМКОР, КОМБИНАЦИЯЛИ МИНИМАЛ ИШЛОВ БЕРИШ." JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT 7, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36522/2181-9637-2019-3-6.
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KANE, R. P. "Prediction of southern oscillation index using spectral components." MAUSAM 53, no. 2 (January 18, 2022): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v53i2.1632.
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The time series of SOI (Southern Oscillation Index, Tahiti minus Darwin sea-level atmospheric pressure difference) was spectrally analysed by a simple method MEM-MRA, where periodicities are detected by MEM (Maximum Entropy Method) and used in MRA (Multiple Regression Analysis) to get the estimates of their amplitudes and phases. From these, the three or four most prominent ones were used for reconstruction and prediction. Using data for 1935-80 as dependent data, the reconstructed values of SOI matched well with observed values and most of the El Niños (SOI minima) and La Niñas (SOI maxima) were located correctly. But for the independent data (1980 onwards), the matching was poor. Omitting earlier data, 1945- 80, 1955-80, 1965-80 as dependent data again gave poor matching for 1980 onwards. When data for 1980 onwards only were used as dependent data, the matching was better, indicating that the spectral characteristics have changed considerably with time and recent data were more appropriate for further predictions. The 1997 El Niño was reproduced only in data for 1985 onwards. For 1990 onwards, only a single wave of 3.5 years was appropriate and explained the 1997 and 1994 events but only one (1991) of the 3 complex and quick events that occurred during 1989-95. The UCLA group of Dr. Ghil has been using the SSA (Singular Spectrum Analysis)-MEM combination for SOI analysis. For the 1980s, they got very good matching, but the 1989-95 structures were not reproduced. For recent years, their SSA-filtered SOI (used for prediction) is a simple sinusoid of ~3.5 years. It predicted the El Niño of 1997 only at its peak and even after using data up to February 1997, the abrupt commencement of the event in March 1997 and its abrupt end in June 1998 could not be predicted.
Using only a 3.5 years wave, an El Niño was expected for 2000-2001. However, a very long-lasting La Niña seems to be operative and there are no indications as yet (September of 2001) of any El Niño like conditions.
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Pierce, J. R., W. R. Leaitch, J. Liggio, D. M. Westervelt, C. D. Wainwright, J. P. D. Abbatt, L. Ahlm, et al. "Nucleation and condensational growth to CCN sizes during a sustained pristine biogenic SOA event in a forested mountain valley." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 10 (October 21, 2011): 28499–544. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-28499-2011.
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Abstract. The Whistler Aerosol and Cloud Study (WACS 2010), included intensive measurements of trace gases and particles at two sites on Whistler Mountain. Between 6–11 July 2010 there was a sustained high-pressure system over the region with cloud-free conditions and the highest temperatures of the study. During this period, the organic aerosol concentrations rose from <1 to ~6 μg m−3. Precursor gas and aerosol composition measurements show that these organics were almost entirely of secondary biogenic nature. Throughout 6–11 July, the anthropogenic influence was minimal with sulfate concentrations <0.2 μg m−3 and SO2 mixing ratios ≈0.05–0.1 ppbv. Thus, this case provides excellent conditions to probe the role of biogenic secondary organic aerosol in aerosol microphysics. Although SO2 mixing ratios were relatively low, companion box-model simulations show that nucleation and growth may be modeled accurately if Jnuc=3×10−7 [H2SO4] and the organics are treated as effectively non-volatile. Due to the low condensation sink and the fast condensation rate of organics, the nucleated particles grew rapidly (2–5 nm h−1) with a 10–25% probability of growing to CCN sizes (100 nm) in the first two days before being scavenged by coagulation with larger particles. The nucleated particles were observed to ultimately grow to ~200 nm after three days. Comparisons of size-distribution with CCN data show that particle hygroscopicity (κ) was ~0.1 for particles larger 150 nm, but for smaller particles near 100 nm the κ value decreased near midway through the period from 0.17 to less than 0.06. In this environment of little anthropogenic influence and low SO2, the rapid growth rates of the regionally nucleated particles – due to condensation of biogenic SOA – results in an unusually high efficiency of conversion of the nucleated particles to CCN. Consequently, despite the low SO2, nucleation/growth appear to be the dominant processes controlling particle number concentrations.
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Pierce, J. R., W. R. Leaitch, J. Liggio, D. M. Westervelt, C. D. Wainwright, J. P. D. Abbatt, L. Ahlm, et al. "Nucleation and condensational growth to CCN sizes during a sustained pristine biogenic SOA event in a forested mountain valley." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 7 (April 2, 2012): 3147–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3147-2012.
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Abstract. The Whistler Aerosol and Cloud Study (WACS 2010), included intensive measurements of trace gases and particles at two sites on Whistler Mountain. Between 6–11 July 2010 there was a sustained high-pressure system over the region with cloud-free conditions and the highest temperatures of the study. During this period, the organic aerosol concentrations rose from <1 μg m−3 to ∼6 μg m−3. Precursor gas and aerosol composition measurements show that these organics were almost entirely of secondary biogenic nature. Throughout 6–11 July, the anthropogenic influence was minimal with sulfate concentrations <0.2 μg m−3 and SO2 mixing ratios &approx; 0.05–0.1 ppbv. Thus, this case provides excellent conditions to probe the role of biogenic secondary organic aerosol in aerosol microphysics. Although SO2 mixing ratios were relatively low, box-model simulations show that nucleation and growth may be modeled accurately if Jnuc = 3 × 10−7[H2SO4] and the organics are treated as effectively non-volatile. Due to the low condensation sink and the fast condensation rate of organics, the nucleated particles grew rapidly (2–5 nm h−1) with a 10–25% probability of growing to CCN sizes (100 nm) in the first two days as opposed to being scavenged by coagulation with larger particles. The nucleated particles were observed to grow to ∼200 nm after three days. Comparisons of size-distribution with CCN data show that particle hygroscopicity (κ) was ∼0.1 for particles larger 150 nm, but for smaller particles near 100 nm the κ value decreased near midway through the period from 0.17 to less than 0.06. In this environment of little anthropogenic influence and low SO2, the rapid growth rates of the regionally nucleated particles – due to condensation of biogenic SOA – results in an unusually high efficiency of conversion of the nucleated particles to CCN. Consequently, despite the low SO2, nucleation/growth appear to be the dominant source of particle number.
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PERSAUD, N., and A. C. CHANG. "MINIMAX APPROXIMATIONS FOR ERF(X)." Soil Science 139, no. 5 (May 1985): 387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-198505000-00002.
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Lootsik, M. D., and R. S. Stoika. "Experimental model and approaches to investigation of the acquired resistance to tumor transplantation in mice." Studia Biologica 15, no. 1 (2021): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/sbi.1501.647.
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Introduction. An acquired resistance to experimental tumors was detected in animals that recovered from a primary transplanted tumor due to treatment or spontaneously, and demonstrated intolerance to a renewal tumor inoculation. This phenomenon is much less frequently observed, although it is of great scientific interest and medical significance. Here, we have addressed the expression of the resistance phenomenon in a model tumor in mice – Nemeth–Kelner lymphoma (NK/Ly). The aim of our study was to elaborate a reproducible method for induction of resistance to transplantation of lymphoma NK/Ly in mice and to investigate the mechanisms of its development. Methods and Results. Three schemes for induction of resistance were tested. The first one included treatment of tumor-bearing mice with vinblastine and, thereafter, reconvalescent animals were checked for the development of resistance expressed as a complete suppression of tumor growth after re-inoculation of tumor cells. Mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with NK/Ly ascitic cells and then subjected to 2–4 intraperitoneal injections of vinblastine at a dose of 1mg/g of body weight. The recovered mice were re-inoculated with tumor cells and the absence of tumor growth was considered as resistance development. The disadvantage of this approach is that less than 5% of mice achieve a long lasting recovery due to the treatment. The second scheme included the immunization of mice with intraperitoneal injection of the minimal number of viable tumor cells that do not cause tumor growth, but initiate the immune response. However, this approach was not effective, since there was no reliable number of cells corresponding to these demands. The minimal number of 15×103 injected cells per mouse caused a retarded but still progressive tumor growth. In the third scheme, the immunization of mice was conducted by the intraperitoneal injections of NK/Ly cells permeabilized with saponin. It should be noted that treatment with saponin leads to cell death with a minimal damage to cell morphology. The scheme of immunization with permeabilized NK/Ly cells appeared to be simple and effective. It provided a reproducible resistance to transplanted tumor and might be used as a model in studies of the mechanisms of this phenomenon. Cytological investigation of tumor and immunocompetent cells in ascites of control and of tumor-resistant mice was conducted. As revealed, the number of lymphocytes in ascites of tumor-resistant mice was about 4 times higher than such amount in the control (non-resistant) mice. A destruction of tumor cells by the adherent mono-nuclears was observed. Conclusions. The method of induction of resistance to transplantation of experimental tumor NK/Ly by immunization of mice with tumor cells permeabilized with saponin is described. The intraperitoneal inoculation of tumor cells to the tumor-resistant mice caused the marked increase of the mononuclear leukocytes population in the peritoneal fluid, which showed a harmful effect upon tumor cells. Thus, the induction of resistance to transplantation of NK/Ly lymphoma in mice might be provided mainly via the mechanisms of cell immunity, in particular, by the appearance of cytotoxic lymphocytes specific to distinct tumor cells.
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Regalado, C. M., and A. Ritter. "Characterizing Water Dependent Soil Repellency with Minimal Parameter Requirement." Soil Science Society of America Journal 70, no. 1 (January 2006): 305—b—305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1995.1000er.
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Regalado, C. M., and A. Ritter. "Characterizing Water Dependent Soil Repellency with Minimal Parameter Requirement." Soil Science Society of America Journal 69, no. 6 (November 2005): 1955–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2005.0060.
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Almeida, Laetitia de, Sandrine Ferré, Eléonore Morin, Philippe Prévost, Christophe dos Santos, Laurie Tuller, Racha Zebib, and Marie-Anne Barthez. "Identification of bilingual children with Specific Language Impairment in France." Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 7, no. 3-4 (February 6, 2017): 331–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.15019.alm.
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Abstract We report on the usefulness of three LITMUS tools in distinguishing bilingual children with SLI (Bi-SLI) from bilingual children with typical development (Bi-TD), in France: LITMUS-NWR-FR (non-word repetition), LITMUS-SR-FR (sentence repetition), and LITMUS-PABIQ (parental questionnaire). 82 bilingual children, aged 5–8, who had all been exposed to both French and either Arabic, Portuguese or Turkish, recruited both in ordinary schools and in SLP practices, were divided into Bi-TD (n = 61) and Bi-SLI (n = 21) groups based on parental questionnaire (LITMUS-PABIQ) information and standardized language scores in each language. Monolingual controls included 17 children with SLI and 37 TD children. NWR and SR significantly distinguished between the Bi-TD and the Bi-SLI children, and there was minimal impact of different factors related to bilingual development on children’s performance.