Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Software organisations'
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Abheeshta, Putta. "Comparative Analysis of Software Development Practices across Software Organisations : India and Sweden." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-13355.
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Context. System Development Methodologies (SDM’s) have been an area of intensive research in the field of software engineering. Different software organisations adopt different development methodologies and use different development practices. The frequency of usage of development practices and acceptance factors for adoption of development methodology are crucial for software organisations. The factors of acceptance and development practices differ across geographical locations. Many challenges have been presented in the literature with respect to the mismatch of the development practices across organisations while collaborating across organisations in distributed development. There is no considerable amount of research done in context of differences across development practices and acceptance factors for adoption of a particular development methodology. Objectives. The primary objectives of the research are to find out a) differences in (i) practice usage (ii) acceptance factors such as organisational, social and cultural b) explore the reasons for the differences and also investigate consequences of such differences while collaborating, across organisations located in India and Sweden. Methods. A literature review was conducted by searching in scientific databases for identifying common agile and plan-driven development practices and acceptance theories for development methodologies. Survey was conducted across organisations located in India and Sweden to find out the usage frequency of development practices and acceptance factors. Ten interviews were conducted to investigate, reasons for differences and consequences of differences from the software practitioners from organisations located in India and Sweden. Literature evidences were used to support the results collected from interviews. Results. From the survey, organisations in India have adopted a higher frequency of plan driven practices when compared to Sweden and agile practices were adopted at higher frequency in Sweden when compared to India. The number of organisations adopting "pure agile" methodologies have been significantly higher in Sweden. There was significant differences were found across the acceptance factors such as cultural, organisational, image and career factors between India and Sweden. The factors such as cultural, social, human, business and organisational factors are responsible for such differences across development practices and acceptance factors. Challenges related to communication, coordination and control were found due to the differences, while collaborating between Indian and Sweden sites. Conclusions. The study signifies the importance of identifying the frequency of development practices and also the acceptance factors responsible for adoption of development methodologies in the software organisations. The mismatch between these practices will led to various challenges. The study draws insights into various non-technical factors such as cultural, human, organisational, business and social while collaborating between organisations. Variations across these factors will lead to many coordination, communication and control issues. Keywords: Development Practices, Agile Development, Plan Driven Development, Acceptance Factors, Global Software Development.-
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Sekgweleo, Tefo Gordon. "A decision support system framework for testing and evaluating software in organisations." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2772.
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Thesis (DPhil (Informatics))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.Increasingly, organisations in South African and across the world rely on software for various reasons, such as competitiveness and sustainability. The software are either developed in-house or purchased from the shelf. Irrespective of how the software was acquired, they do encounter challenges, from implementation to support, and use stages. The challenges sometimes hinder and are prohibitive to processes and activities that the software is intended to enable and support. Majority of the challenges that are encountered with software are attributed to the fact that they were not tested or appropriately tested before implementation. Some of the challenges has been costly to many organisations, particularly in South Africa. As a result, some organisations have been lacking in their efforts toward growth, competitiveness and sustainability. The challenges manifest from the fact that there are no testing tools and methods that can be easily customised for an organisation’s purposes. As a result, some organisations adopt more tools and methods for the same testing purposes, which has not solved the problem, as the challenges continue among South Africa organisations. Based on the challenges as stated above, this study was undertaken. The aim was to develop a decision support system framework, which can be used for software testing by any organisation, owing to its flexibility for customisation. The interpretivist and inductive approaches were employed. The qualitative methods and the case study design approach were applied. Three South African organisations, a private, public and small to medium enterprise (SME) were used as cases in this study. A set of criteria was used to select the organisations. The analysis of the data was guided by two sociotechnical theories, actor network theory (ANT) and diffusion of innovation (DOI). The theories were complementarily applied because of their different focuses. The actor network theory focuses on actors, which are both human and non-human, heterogeneity of networks, and the relationship between the actors within networks. This includes the interactions that happen at different moments as translated within the heterogeneous networks. Thus, ANT was employed to examine and gain better understanding of the factors that influence software testing in organisations. The DOI focuses on how new (fresh) ideas are diffused in an environment, with particular focus on innovation decision process, which constitute five stages: knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation and confirmation. Findings from the data analysis of the three cases were further interpreted. Based on the interpretation, a decision support system framework was developed. The framework is intended to be of interest to software developers, software project managers and other stakeholders, most importantly, to provide guide to software testers in their tasks of testing software. Thus, this research is intended to be of interest and benefit to organisations and academic through its theoretical, practical and methodological contribution as detailed in the chapter seven (conclusion). In conclusion, even though this research is rigorous, comprehensive and holistic, there are room for future studies. I would like to propose that future research should be in the areas of measurement of software testing. Also, sociotechnical theories like structuration theory and technology acceptance model should be considered in the analysis of such studies.
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Dick, Martin. "The benefits of object technology to Australian software development organisations." Monash University, School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9313.
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Loureiro-Koechlin, Cecilia. "Human and social aspects of software development for complex organisations : an online ethnography of software developers." Thesis, University of Hull, 2006. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5667.
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This thesis addresses the problem of human and social issues that affect software development. It is situated within the field of Information Systems and focuses on the processes of software production used within complex organisational processes: particularly decision-making, collaboration and workflow. Human and social issues are problems and situations caused by the members of the target organisations, software developers, and the dynamics of their working and social interactions. The objective of this thesis is to identify these human and social issues and see how they affect software developers' work. The methodological approach adopted here, is designed from the interpretive point of view. This study takes the perspective of software developers as they possess practical knowledge of complex business settings and current software development practices. Online ethnography is the chosen method that allows this investigation access to virtual communities in which software developers work and exchange experiences. The design of this thesis is as follows: 1. Online data is collected which reflect software developers' beliefs about their work and their target organisations. 2. Data categories are created which show a picture of the current state of affairs in software development. 3. An interpretive theory building strategy is used to create a model of software development based on data categories. The final outcome of this thesis is developed as a complement to Orlikowski's (2000) structurational model of enactment of technologies-in-practice and takes the form of a descriptive, theory based model. This model contributes to the deeper understanding of software development issues. It presents human and social issues that affect the production of software within three different contexts: software development environment, software development practices and complex business organisations. The model generated in this thesis also suggests that software developers' perceptions of human and social issues in complex business organisations are influenced by the developers' background knowledge and experience.
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Garbash, Dor Avraham. "Organisational awareness : mapping human capital for enhancing collaboration in organisations." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB134/document.
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Comment peut-on devenir plus conscients des sources de connaissance au sein des organisations des humains? Les changements économiques et technologiques rapides forcent les organisations à devenir plus souples, agiles et interdisciplinaires. Pour cela, les organisations cherchent des alternatives pour les structures de communication hiérarchiques traditionnelles qui entravent les pratiques de collaboration ascendantes. Pour que les méthodes ascendantes soient efficaces, il est nécessaire d'offrir aux membres l'accès à l'information et à l'expertise dont ils ont besoin pour prendre des décisions qualifiées. Ceci est un défi complexe qui implique la culture organisationnelle, l'informatique et les pratiques de travail. Un défaut au niveau de l'application de ce système peut aborder des points critiques qui peuvent ralentir les processus de travail, d'entraver l'innovation et qui conduisent souvent au travail suboptimal et redondant. Par exemple, une enquête 2014 de 152 dirigeants de Campus IT aux Etats-Unis, estime que 19% des systèmes informatiques du campus sont redondants, ce qui coûte les universités des Etats-Unis 3.8B$ par an. Dans l'ensemble, les travailleurs intellectuels trouvent l'information dont ils ont besoin seulement 56% du temps. Avec un quart du temps total des travailleurs intellectuels consacré à la recherche et l'analyse des informations. Ce gaspillage de temps coûte 7K$ pour chaque employé par an. Un autre exemple du gaspillage est celui des nouveaux arrivants et des employés promus qui peuvent prendre jusqu'à 2 ans pour s'intégrer pleinement au sein de leur département. En outre et selon des enquêtes étendues, seulement 28% des apprenants estiment que leurs organisations actuelles «utilisent pleinement» les compétences qu'ils ont actuellement capable d'offrir et 66% prévoient quitter leur organisation en 2020. Réussir la résolution de ce défi est capable de motiver les membres de l'organisation, ainsi que d'y améliorer l'innovation et l'apprentissage. L'objectif de cette thèse est de mieux comprendre ce problème en explorant les défis rencontrés par le service d'informatique dans une université et un centre de recherche interdisciplinaire. Deuxièmement, co-développer et mettre en œuvre une solution avec ces institutions, je décris leur utilisation des logiciels que nous avons développés, les résultats et la valeur obtenus avec ces pilotes. Troisièmement, tester l'efficacité de la solution, et explorer de nouvelles applications et le potentiel d'un tel système similaire pour être utilisé dans une plus grande échelle. Pour mieux comprendre le problème je me suis engagé dans une discussion avec les membres et les dirigeants des deux organisations. Une conclusion importante des discussions est que les membres de ces organisations souffrent souvent d'un manque de sensibilisation à propos de leurs connaissances-compétences au niveau d'organisation du capital, et la connaissance des processus et des relations sociales avec leurs collègues dans l'organisation. Grâce à cette exposition, les idées novatrices, les opportunités et les intérêts communs des pairs sont sévèrement limités. Cela provoque des retards inutiles dans les projets inter-équipes, des goulots d'étranglement, et un manque de sensibilisation sur les possibilités de stages. Aussi, j'ai craqué le problème et je l’avais défini comme l'une des informations de fragmentation: Différentes informations sont stockées dans des bases de données disparates ou dans la tête des gens, exigeant un effort et de savoir-faire pour l'obtenir. (...)How can we become more aware of the sources of insight within human organisations? Rapid economical and technological changes force organisations to become more adaptive, agile and interdisciplinary. In light of this, organisations are seeking alternatives for traditional hierarchical communication structures that hinder bottom-up collaboration practices. Effective bottom-up methods require empowering members with access to the information and expertise they need to take qualified decisions. This is a complex challenge that involves organisational culture, IT and work practices. Failing to address it creates bottlenecks that can slow down business processes, hinder innovation and often lead to suboptimal and redundant work. For example, a 2014 survey of 152 Campus IT leaders in the US, estimated that 19% of the campus IT systems are redundant, costing US universities 3.8B$ per year. In aggregate, knowledge workers find the information they need only 56% of the time. With a quarter of knowledge workers total work time spent in finding and analyzing information. This time waste alone costs 7K$ per employee annually. Another example of the waste created is that newcomers and remote employees may take up to 2 years to fully integrate within their department. Furthermore according to extended surveys, only 28% of millennials feel that their current organizations are making ‘full use’ of the skills they currently have to offer and 66% expect to leave their organisation by 2020. Successfully resolving this challenge holds the potential to motivate organisation members, as well as enhance innovation and learning within it. The focus of this thesis is to better understand this problem by exploring the challenges faced by a university IT department and an interdisciplinary research center. Second, co-develop and implement a solution with these institutions, I describe their usage of the software tool we developed, outcomes and value obtained in these pilots. Third, test the effectiveness of the solution, and explore further applications and potential for a similar system to be used in a wider scale. To better understand the problem I engaged in discussion with members and leaders of both organisations. An important conclusion from the discussions is that members of these organizations often suffer from lack of awareness about their organisation’s knowledge capital—the competencies, knowledge of processes and social connections of their colleagues. Due to this exposure to innovative ideas, opportunities and common interests of peers is severely limited. This causes unnecessary delays in inter-team projects, bottlenecks, and lack of awareness about internship opportunities. I further broke down the problem, and defined it as one of information fragmentation: Different information is stored in disparate databases or inside people’s heads, requiring effort and know-how in order to obtain it. Following the conclusions of this analysis and state-of-the-art review, we have set together the goal to create a collaborative visual database to map the people, projects, skills and institutions for the IT department of Descartes University, and in addition, people, interests and internship opportunities within the CRI, an interdisciplinary research and education center. We have also conducted interviews, surveys and quizzes that ascertain that people had difficulties identifying experts outside their core teams. During the course of this thesis, I progressively addressed this challenge by developing two collaborative web applications called Rhizi and Knownodes. Knownodes is a collaborative knowledge graph which utilized information-rich edges to describe relationships between resources. Rhizi is a real-time and collaborative knowledge capital mapping interface. A prominent unique feature of Rhizi is that it provides a UI that turns text-based assertions made by users into a visual knowledge graph. (...)
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Myhr, Jonas. "Supporting Collaboration in Dispersed Organisations using Computer Software : eCollaboration in AstraZeneca." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Information Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-110897.
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AstraZeneca is a pharmaceutical company developing, producing and selling prescription medicine in over 100 countries. Information and communication technologies (ICT) are a potent mean for lowering the barriers caused by dispersion in space and time. The aspiration of this study is to understand how collaboration supported by electronic means (eCollaboration) can be improved in AstraZeneca. Are proper tools in place and what factors affect adoption of eCollaboration practices?
Data gathering was conducted in a globally distributed manner by a university student team consisting of six members based in China, France, Sweden, UK and the US. The team performed interviews with numerous AstraZeneca employees and stakeholders and also experienced first hand use of AstraZeneca eCollaboration capabilities. Supporting collaboration between employees depends on the type of relationship that binds them together. Ties can be characterised as strong, weak, or potential depending on intensity and information flows. A major finding of this study is that the current eCollaboration platform in AstraZeneca mainly supports collaboration via strong ties.
Further, facilitating factors for eCollaboration have been identified and divided into three categories; tools, cognitions and structural properties of an organisation. Having a consolidated and integrated eCollaboration platform, with a high critical mass of users is important for adoption. Policies for information access and sharing, as well as an incentive structure adapted to collaboration are identified as important structural properties for effective use of eCollaboration.
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Johansson, Björn. "Deciding on Sourcing Option for Hosting of Software Applications in Organisations." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, VITS - Laboratoriet för verksamhetsinriktad systemutveckling, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10024.
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Software applications are of great importance in organisations, and performance of an organisation depends on how hosting of software applications are organised. This thesis deals with the question: Why and how organisations decide on specific sourcing options for software applications hosting. The thesis describes and explains sourcing decision-making processes made in the Swedish Post (MeLo) and Jönköpings Kommun (the municipality). MeLo’s sourcing decision resulted in outsourcing of hosting, and the municipality’s sourcing decision resulted in internal sourcing of hosting. Both organisations were distinguished by a decentralised structure to a great extent and showed a huge diversity in software applications used. The sourcing decisions resulted in a change to a more centralised hosting of software applications. The thesis is a retrospective case study based on semi-structured interviews and documents analysis. Concepts from the resource-based view and factors described in sourcing literature are used to analyse these sourcing decisions. From nine theoretical initial propositions 28 propositions are developed about why and how sourcing decisions are made. From these propositions, relations are described and some conclusions are presented about why and how sourcing decisions are made. The main conclusion is that maturity level regarding software applications usage seems to influences the start, the process as such, and the outcome of a sourcing decision-making process. This is explained as the more mature the organisation is regarding usage of software applications the more proactive decision-makers are in the sourcing decision. It is also identified that involved factors can be either influencing or justifying, and it is found that control of software applications usage influences the start of a sourcing decision to a high extent. The findings suggest that a sourcing decision-making process can be described as an irrational decision process that aims at increasing commitment on an already made decision. The study suggests that the less mature and more decentralised the organisation is the more reactive and the stronger influence the need to increase control over software applications have in a sourcing decision-making process.Information och kommunikations teknik (IKT) och hur organisationer väljer att organisera driften av mjukvaruapplikationer spelar en allt större roll för organisationers framgång. Forskningsfrågan i avhandlingen är: Varför samt hur organisationer beslutar när de väljer ett specifikt lokaliseringsalternativ för driften av mjukvaruapplikationer. Avhandlingen beskriver och förklarar lokaliseringsbeslut i Posten AB och Jönköpings Kommun från ett resursbaserat perspektiv. Båda organisationerna uppvisade en spretig och decentraliserad struktur av mjukvaruapplikationer. Postens lokaliseringbeslut resulterade i utlokalisering. Kommunens lokaliseringsbeslut resulterade i en intern omlokalisering. Besluten resulterade i båda fallen i en mer centraliserad drift av mjukvaruapplikationer. Avhandlingen är en retrospektiv fallstudie baserad på analys av semistrukturerade intervjuer och dokument. Begrepp från resursbaserad teori och litteratur om lokalisering används för att beskriva och förklara lokaliseringsbesluten. Från nio teoretiska initiala propositioner utvecklas 28 propositioner vilka tydligare redogör för varför samt hur lokaliseringbeslut genomförs. Utifrån dessa propositioner diskuteras kring relationer mellan varför och hur faktorer är involverade i lokaliseringsbeslut. Den främst dragna slutsatsen är att organisationers mognad vad gäller användningen av mjukvaruapplikationer kan beskrivas som influerande för såväl starten, beslutsprocessen som sådan, samt det slutliga resultatet av beslutsprocessen vid ett lokaliseringsbeslut rörande drift av mjukvaruapplikationer. Detta kan förklaras som att ju mer mogen organisationen är vad gäller användning av mjukvaruapplikationer desto mer proaktiv är beslutsfattare i beslutsprocessen. Involverade faktorer kan också förklaras som antingen påverkande eller försvarande. Kontroll av användning kan beskrivas ha den största påverkan på starten av beslutsprocessen. Analysen föreslår att beslutsprocessen kan ses som en irrationell beslutsprocess som genomförs med inriktning på att förankra ett redan fattat beslut, och att ju mer omogen och decentraliserad desto större inverkan har önskemålet om en ökad kontroll över mjukvaruapplikationer i ett lokaliseringsbeslut.
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Johansson, Björn. "Deciding on sourcing option for hosting of software applications in organisations /." Linköping : Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10024.
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Bajer, Javier. "An investigation of the human costs of software upgrades in organisations." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1997. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27006.
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The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects that continuous change in the form of software upgrades have on end-users. These effects could increase upgrade implementation costs in organisations.
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Iskoujina, Zilia. "Knowledge sharing in virtual organisations : the case of open source software communities." Thesis, Durham University, 2010. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/424/.
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The knowledge-based economy, where everything and everybody is just one click away, has formed the foundation for a new organisational form. The term ‘virtual organisation’ (VO) reflects the emergence of a new organisational form with a record of success in the modern business environment, where knowledge has become a key component. Managing knowledge is the main driver in the knowledge-based economy. One of the best examples of such organisational forms with successful knowledge sharing processes is open source software (OSS) communities. This justifies my thesis, which undertakes primary research in OSS communities via qualitative and quantitative studies to find out how and to what extent knowledge is shared in those communities, in order to develop a Model for successful knowledge sharing processes in the VOs. The following factors in the Model, which influence the level of personal contribution in the OSS communities, were found. The level of personal contribution as an indicator to knowledge sharing for product innovation is a result of a combination of individual factors as well as individual opinion on the organisational factors. Factors such as an education level/explicit knowledge, incentives/benefits for the future and monetary reward do not play a role on their own, but they influence the level of roles and the level of activeness, which in turn influence the level of knowledge sharing, which is important for the level of personal contribution on product innovation. Personal and work related motivations are important factors to successful knowledge sharing inside OSS communities. However, most importantly, the level of personal contribution towards product innovation is a result of the satisfaction of individuals by the management of the OSS communities, identification with these communities and trust inside of these communities. The developed Model shows that organisational factors are more important than individual factors for successful knowledge sharing inside OSS communities from an individual’s perspective.
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Moolman, Lafras. "A characterisation of open source software adoption decisions in South African organisations." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/8533.
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Thesis (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.The objective of this research is to characterise the factors influencing Open Source Software (OSS) adoption decisions in South African organisations. OSS is used extensively throughout the world, but there is a large amount of fear, uncertainty and doubt surrounding decisions to adopt OSS. The research improved this situation by determining the adoption factors that are relevant to South African organisations. OSS adoption is influenced by individual and organisational technology adoption factors. An extensive literature revealed the technology adoption factors relevant to OSS adoption. Adoption factors identified in literature were localised to the South African context, taking into account both public and private sector organisations. The research has found that OSS adoption factors identified in literature are relevant in a South African context. Factors investigated include access to source code, adoption costs, software freedom and control, technological factors, support factors, organisational factors and environmental factors. An important factor in OSS adoption decisions is the choice between vendor and community based OSS and the skills and resource requirements. Choosing community based software requires additional training, skills and resources. Organisations should take into account the effect of OSS development methodology on adoption decision factors. Important adoption decision factors include software compatibility (open standards), compatibility different hardware platforms (cross platform capabilities) and software and hardware vendor independence. The research concludes with recommendations approaching OSS adoption decisions when considering the choice between OSS and proprietary software.
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Noruwana, Nimrod. "How do South African organisations adopt agile methodologies for software development in practice?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11708.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-90).Before organisations adopt agile methods, they need to ensure that they are prepared for the change. They also need to understand the problems they are trying to address by adopting agile methods. Agile methods deviate substantially from traditional methods of systems development (Tolfo & Wazlawick, 2008). This, therefore, makes it difficult for organisations to adopt agile methods even though they might see them attractive, as the adoption of such methods has an effect on organisational culture. If the culture cannot accommodate an agile approach, then the organisation will not be able to adopt agile (Lindvall, Basisli, Boehm, Costa, Dangle, Shull, Teseriero, Williams & Zelkowitz, 2002). Having a culture that is conducive to the adoption of agile methods is almost unanimously perceived by agile experts to be a necessary factor for the introduction of agile methodologies (eWorkshop, 2002). It is also important to understand the phases organisations go through during the process of adopting agile methods.
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Greenley, Neil. "Driving and inhibiting factors in the adoption of open source software in organisations." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/16332.
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The aim of this research is to investigate the extent to which Open Source Software (OSS) adoption behaviour can empirically be shown to be governed by a set of self-reported (driving and inhibiting) salient beliefs of key informants in a sample of organisations. Traditional IS adoption/usage theory, methodology and practice are drawn on. These are then augmented with theoretical constructs derived from IT governance and organisational diagnostics to propose an artefact that aids the understanding of organisational OSS adoption behaviour, stimulates debate and aids operational management interventions. For this research, a combination of quantitative methods (via Fisher's Exact Test) and complimentary qualitative method (via Content Analysis) were used using self-selection sampling techniques. In addition, a combination of data and methods were used to establish a set of mixed-methods results (or meta-inferences). From a dataset of 32 completed questionnaires in the pilot study, and 45 in the main study, a relatively parsimonious set of statistically significant driving and inhibiting factors were successfully established (ranging from 95% to 99.5% confidence levels) for a variety for organisational OSS adoption behaviours (i.e. by year, by software category and by stage of adoption). In addition, in terms of mixed-methods, combined quantitative and qualitative data yielded a number of factors limited to a relatively small number of organisational OSS adoption behaviour. The findings of this research are that a relatively small set of driving and inhibiting salient beliefs (e.g. Security, Perpetuity, Unsustainable Business Model, Second Best Perception, Colleagues in IT Dept., Ease of Implementation and Organisation is an Active User) have proven very accurate in predicting certain organisational OSS adoption behaviour (e.g. self-reported Intention to Adopt OSS in 2014) via Binomial Logistic Regression Analysis.
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Colman, Alan Wesley, and n/a. "Role oriented adaptive design." Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20070320.110756.
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Software systems are becoming inexorably more open, distributed, pervasive, mobile and
connected. This thesis addresses the problem of how to build adaptive software systems.
These systems need to reliably achieve system-level goals in volatile environments, where
the system itself may be built from components of uncertain behaviour, and where the
requirements for the software system may be changing. This thesis adopts the systemtheoretic
concept of ontogenic adaptation from biology, and applies it to software
architecture. Ontogenic adaptation is the ability of an individual system to maintain its
organisational integrity by reconfiguring and regulating itself. A number of approaches to
adaptive software architecture have been recently proposed that, to varying degrees, enable
limited adaptive behaviour and reconfiguration, but none possess all the properties needed
for ontogenic adaptation. We introduce a meta-model and framework called Role Oriented
Adaptive Design (ROAD) that is consistent with the concept of maintaining organisational
integrity through ontogenic adaptation.
The ROAD meta-model defines software applications as networks of functional roles
which are executed by players (objects, components, services, agents, people, or rolecomposites).
These flexible organisational structures are adaptive because the relationships
(contracts) between roles, and the bindings between roles and players, can be regulated and
reconfigured at run-time. Such flexible organisational role-structures are encapsulated into
composites each with its own organiser. Because self-managed composites are themselves
role-players, these composites can be distributed and recursively composed. The organisers
of the composites form a management system over which requirements and performance
data pass. Rather than being monolithic constructions, ROAD software applications are
dynamic, self-managed compositions of loosely-coupled, and potentially, distributed
entities.
The concepts in the ROAD meta-model have been implemented in a programming
framework which can be extended by the application programmer to create adaptive
applications. Central to this framework are dynamic contracts. These contracts define the
role structure, control interactions between the role instances, and measure the performance
of those interactions. Adaptivity is achieved by monitoring and manipulating these
contracts, along with the role-player bindings. Contracts have been implemented using the
mechanism of �association aspects�.
The applicability of the ROAD framework to the domain of Service-Oriented
Computing is demonstrated. The framework is further evaluated in terms of its ability to
express the concept of ontogenic adaptation and also in terms of the overhead its runtime
infrastructure imposes on interactions.
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Sandén, Oscar. "Threat Management in Agile Organisations : Using the Results of a Threat Analysis in Agile Software Development." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-364635.
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A threat analysis of a computer system identifies and analyses threats to the systems and its assets. The process of handling the identified threats, verify the mitigations and to continuously discover new threats during agile development is difficult. By making use of the backlog to track threats and security-related tasks a transparent connection between the threats and their security controls is established. In combination with other tools, a method of integrating the threat analysis into an agiledevelopment method is created. The method proposed in this thesis is a solution to the problem of integrating a threat analysis into a agile organisation and presents tools that can aid in a continuous threat-driven security work.
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Payne, Tim. "Identifying and evaluating factors that help contribute to IS 'success' for software development projects in multi-national organisations." Thesis, Kingston University, 2010. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20888/.
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This thesis examines the question of Information System (IS) success and looks to determine if it is possible to describe that success in terms of a package of separate, interrelated success factors which can be identified and tracked through the use of a questioning framework. This research examines "common" models of IS success and failure and proposes, based on those models, areas that are regarded as important contributors to IS success. A framework is proposed that will allow multi-national organisations to identify success factors that are specific to their organisational context and this framework is then tested in a global IS company. As a result of this testing, it was found that the success factors identified did indeed relate to the framework that was proposed, but that additional work was needed to include areas that the research identified and also, to improve how the resulting success factors were presented to the organisation for easy understanding
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Saoutal, Amina. "Amélioration de l'awareness informationnelle dans la collaboration inter-organisations pendant la gestion de crise." Thesis, Troyes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TROY0036/document.
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Des verrous technologiques et sociaux importants sont identifiés lors du soutien de la collaboration entre acteurs d’une crise : en particulier, souvent la conception de systèmes informatiques dans ce but ne répond pas aux besoins des utilisateurs et les systèmes trop rigides ne permettent pas de supporter des situations dynamiques où les évènements sont imprévus et font appel à des mesures émergentes. Pour s’affranchir de ces verrous, notre travail se positionne dans le domaine du travail collaboratif assisté par ordinateur (TCAO) focalisé sur les systèmes sociotechniques. Cette recherche s’inscrit dans la problématique d’un système flexible d’information et de communication qui supporte l’awareness informationnelle dans un contexte précis : la collaboration inter-organisationnelle dans des situations émergentes et complexes. Celles-ci ajoutent au travail collaboratif plusieurs contraintes, notamment le stress, l’imprévision, la multitude des acteurs et les frontières organisationnelles. Dans ce contexte, les différentes organisations – SAMU, pompiers, gendarmerie et autres - doivent acquérir et percevoir les informations qui leur sont utiles pour accomplir leurs activités inter-organisationnelles. Certes, les acteurs rencontrent des problèmes qui entravent l’atteinte de leurs objectifs. Avec l’aide des sciences sociales, cette étude apporte une contribution de recherche en informatique ouverte sur l’interdisciplinarité. Un apport important en est l’étude de l’aspect organisationnel et de l’aspect informationnel à partir des pratiques réelles des utilisateursIn order to overcome the technological and social locks that are identified in supporting collaboration - for instance, the computer systems design problems that do not meet the needs of users and/or systems that are rigid and do not allow to deal with dynamic situations where events are unexpected and appeal to emerging measures - our work is positioned in the field of Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) characterized by the dualistic social and technical aspects.This research proposes flexible information and communication system that supports the information awareness in the inter-agency collaboration in emerging and complex situations as crisis. These situations add to a collaborative work several constraints such as stress, lack of foresight, the multitude of actors and organizational boundaries. In crisis management, the various organizations – emergency medical service, firefighters, police and others - need to perceive useful information to them to complete their inter-agency activities. However, actors encounter problems that prevent them to reach their goals. This study brings to its scale, a contribution in computer sciences opened to interdisciplinary with the help of social sciences which rely on study of current practices to understand and analyze the users, their activities and the work environment
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Lubbe, C. R. "Success factors of a winning organisation, measured at Rubico (Pty) Ltd." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53606.
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Study project (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa is a land of contrasts - contrasts in its landscape, cultures and business. Highly successful organisations exist in South Africa. The less fortunate organisations can learn a lot from them and other successful international organisations. Business has become a highly sophisticated science and although a recipe for instant success does not exist, the criteria described in this study can enhance an organisation's chances for success considerably. The first section of the study focuses on a literature study of nine critical factors identified in successful organisations. The study covers: Vision, Map, Customer Focus, Confidence, Standards, Drive, Teamwork, Support and Belonging. The establishment and development of these critical factors within an organisation are fundamental in highly successful organisations. The study will defines and develops these factors into practical and understandable criteria to be used and measured in an organisation. It further uses the criteria to show where an organisation could be failing and highlights some common mistakes that can be avoided. The study also provides business models to develop these criteria. The second section of the study focuses on an internal survey done at Rubico (Pty) Ltd, to measure the criteria explained in the first section. The survey highlights areas where Rubico (Pty) Ltd is functioning well, but also identifies shortcomings. The survey can be used as a measuring tool to provide insight into areas where an organisation is lacking and give the user the ability to manage more effectively.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika is 'n land van kontraste - kontraste in die landskap, kulture en sakewêreld. Daar bestaan baie suksesvolle organisasies in Suid-Afrika. Minder suksesvolle organisasies kan baie leer by hierdie en ander suksesvolle internasionale organisasies. Besigheid het verander in 'n hoogs gesofistikeerde wetenskap en hoewel daar geen resep bestaan vir oornagsukses nie, kan die kriteria wat beskryf word in hierdie studie 'n organisasie se kanse op sukses verbeter. Die eerste deel van die studie fokus op 'n literatuurstudie oor nege kritiese faktore wat in suksesvolle organisasies geïdentifiseer is. Die studie spreek die volgende aan: visie, strategie, verbruiker fokus, vertroue, standaarde, dryfkrag, spanwerk, ondersteuning en "belonging". Die daarstelling en ontwikkeling van hierdie faktore binne die organisasie is fundamenteel in hoogs suksesvolle organisasies. Die studie definiëer en ontwikkel hierdie faktore in praktiese en verstaanbare kriteria wat gebruik en gemeet kan word binne 'n organisasie. Verder gebruik die studie hierdie kriteria om aan te dui waar 'n organisasie nie slaag nie en om algemene foute wat vermy kan word, uit te wys. Die studie voorsien ook sakemodelle om die kriteria te onwikkel. Die tweede deel van die studie fokus op 'n interne opname wat in Rubico (Pty) Ltd geloods is, om die kriteria wat in die eerste deel verduidelik is, te meet. Die opname beklemtoon areas waar Rubico (Pty) Ltd suksesvol is, maar identifiseer ook leemtes. Die opname kan gebruik word as 'n meetinstrument om insig oor tekortkominge in die organisasie te bekom en die gebruiker daarvan toe te rus vir effektiewe bestuur.
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Lang, Carsten. "Organisation der Software-Entwicklung : Probleme, Konzepte, Lösungen /." Wiesbaden : Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/475260279.pdf.
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Gutknecht, Olivier. "Proposition d'un modèle organisationnel générique de systèmes multi-agents et examen de ses conséquences formelles, implémentatoires et méthologiques." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008737.
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Cette thèse présente le résultat de notre travail sur l'étude des structures organisationnelles dans les systèmes multi-agents. L'approche proposée met l'accent sur la primauté de l'organisation multi-agents sur les architectures individuelles pour répondre aux besoins d'hétérogénéité,d'adaptation et de contrôle dans les systèmes de taille importante. Le coeur de ce travail est donc un modèle générique de description d'organisation, basé sur les notions de groupe, agent et rôle. Il est montré comment cette description structurelle et fonctionnelle permet de fédérer des systèmes multi-agents ayant des architectures de contrôle, des buts ou des modèles d'interactions différents. Nous dégageons alors plusieurs conséquences de ce modèle, selon les points de vue de la formalisation, de l'implémentation, de la conception ou des applications. Nous présentons en particulier une expression dans une variante du pi-calcul, que nous illustrons par l'étude du meta-niveau dans cette formalisation. L'aspect opératoire a été abordé par la réalisation une plate-forme générique de développement et exécution de systèmes multi-agents, basée sur le modèle d'organisation proposé et conçue pour permettre l'accueil de systèmes ayant des architectures fortement hétérogènes. Nous montrons alors comment un lien peut être fait avec d'autres approches en conception multi-agent, et proposons quelques pistes pour l'utilisation dans le cadre des langages de modélisation. La validation expérimentale de ce travail est finalement abordée par des expérimentations ciblées sur le modèle et la plate-forme proposée ainsi que par des applications à visée plus générique.
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Hu, Yufan. "Organisation of objects in class-based software environments." Thesis, Keele University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260289.
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Lunt, Graeme Arnold. "A software framework for representing organisational communication." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.258172.
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Torrisi, Salvatore. "The organisation of innovative activities in European software firms." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240407.
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This thesis examines the organisation of innovative activities at the firm level by proposing a conceptual framework that is built upon a survey of the recent economic literature on technical change and by applying this framework to the computer software and services industry. The objectives of the study were the following: to analyze the nature of technical change in the software industry, the sources of firms' innovation and the competencies used in the innovative activities; to focus on the relationship between internal competencies and external sources of innovation~ and to give a picture of the division of labour among firms in the innovative activities. This work proposes a conceptual framework that takes into account the interactions between technical and organisational innovations at the firm level and focuses on the innovation process as a 'division of knowledge' that involves different types of actors: individuals, with different skills, working in the same organisation, firms specialising in substitute or complementary products, users and academic research centres. The empirical analysis employed qualitative data drawn from interviews with both large a.nd small firms, and quantitative data on corporate changes of large firms (e.g., creation or shut-down of subsidiaries, launch of new producis, set up of cooperative agreements). The main results of the research can be summarised as follows. First, software firms show a cumulative, incremental pattern of product innovations and an increasing commitment to process innovations. The research shows the linkages between technical and organisational changes. Process innovations affect the retraining of software analysts-programmers and project managers, encounter obstacles in the transmission of new software engineering knowledge from the R&D department to business departments, and shape the division of tasks throughout the firm. The second research result concerns the correlation between internal skills and the firms' propensity to set up linkages with external sources of innovation. The use of generic-abstract capabilities (mathematical skills) in innovative activities make firms more open towards external channels of technical change. On the contrary, the use of context-specific capabilities (experience with the development of software applications) reduces finns' propensity to interact with external sources of technical change. Finally, there is evidence of an increasing division of labour among firms in the software industry, as indicated by the large and rising number of inter-firm cooperative agreements stipulated during the period between 1984 and 1 ?92. The analysis of inter-firm linkages and internal restructuring also points to the importance of organisational change as one dimension of the general corporate change.
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Janke, Ulrike. "Business process management in an intrapreneurial software organisation / Ulrike Janke." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1355.
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Business process management (BPM) is a philosophical approach to organisation-wide
management in which the focus is on the processes through which it operates, and in particular
the streamlining and optimising of these processes, for which software solutions
may be used. CTexT is an intrapreneurial software organisation that has been experiencing
problems with software development due to a lack of formal processes relating to customer
support, versioning, configuration, quality, risk and project management.
The objective of the study is to determine whether the implementation of an electronic
BPM system can effectively solve CTexT's development problems and thereby improve its
overall software development capacity. More specifically, the focus is on i) the effect of
the resulting standardisation on creativity and innovation, and ii) implementation matters,
such as the type of processes that can be subjected to an electronic system, and how
CTexT can overcome the time and cost constraints of such a system.
The study investigates these questions by means of a literature investigation in combination
with interviews with knowledgeable respondents from other innovative and software
organisations. Interviews with six employees from CTexT determine the relevance of
these findings and highlight critical areas for process improvement.
Since BPM systems improve organisational efficiencies and are generally employed in larger
corporate contexts marked by transactional and repetitive activities where they enforce
administrative rules, the conclusion is drawn that a BPM system will not be suitable for an
intrapreneurial organisation, and that it is likely to cause more disruption to the creative
environment than improve its operations. It is further shown that although a BPM system
is theoretically applicable to software development, it generally does not seem to be applied
practically in the industry, and the suitability of this process as manageable through a
BPM system is seriously questioned.
Instead, the research points to improvement through the application of software development
methodologies and a holistic approach towards BPM. The investigation at CTexT confirms that its development problems relate to flawed methodologies and that remedies
should therefore focus on improving its methodologies and controlling certain aspects of
the software development life cycle by means of suitable software tools.Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007
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Čaušević, Adnan. "Software Testing in Agile Development : Technological and Organisational Challenges." Licentiate thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-12174.
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The emerging industrial trend towards agile software development processes brings forth new concerns, challenges as well as opportunities. One of the main concerns is with respect to the achievable quality levels of the final product, for which testing is the well-known assurance mechanism. However, it is not well defined for the community on how to perform testing using existing expertise in an agile environment. This uncertainty may create confusion and contra productivity that can lead to testing teams and their practices considered as an obstacle for full implementation of agile processes within an organisation. This thesis outlines our current research activities towards identifying and addressing important organisational and technical challenges in the agile environment. In this context, we propose a new role for traditional testers which will enable them to integrate into the agile team as well as to fully exploit their knowledge in the new context. We have conducted an elaborate industrial survey on the preferences and practices with respect to the contemporary aspects of software testing and identified test-driven development as an important technical area for improvement. A systematic review on empirical evidences related to test-driven development was performed subsequently, which revealed a list of factors limiting its widespread industrial acceptance. Knowledge of testing was identified as one of those factors and was further investigated in a controlled experiment performed with undergraduate students. Our future works aim to confirm these research findings in wider as well as industrial settings and investigate other limiting factors in detail, with the aim of providing guidelines for achieving better utilisation of testers and testing practices.
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Patel, M. P. "Optimisation and self-organisation in adaptive learning networks." Thesis, Brunel University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375834.
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Hjelmquist, Åsa, and Ola Stafström. "Social Software Roadmap : Implementering av sociala verktyg internt i organisationer." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-158105.
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Today more and more companies are looking out to adopt a new generation intranet, a social intranet where all employees can engage to express themselves and share information. There are large expectations on these new services, which have the opportunity to create high business value if used actively and qualitatively. However, there is a large challenge in knowing how to best implement these services in an organization in order to achieve this. This paper has investigated how an implementation should be made by defining obstacles for the implementation and adoption, discussing how they could be overcome, investigating what incentives could be used to foster usage and finding common success factors for an implementation. By a qualitative research method, consisting of five case studies and two focus area interviews we found a number of steps that must be followed for an implementation to be successful. First the conditions of the organization must be investigated in order to see whether or not social tools are suitable. If deciding to implement social tools the project must then at an early stage be defined in the organization, when it comes to desired achievements, responsibilities, governance, financing and transfer pricing. Thereafter the suitable platform and tools should be chosen by defining the organization’s user groups, studying their needs and translating them into features, deciding whether to replace or complete the existing intranet and choosing a platform based on recognition and application handiness. The next step is to prepare the tools for launch by creating structures, integrating with existing systems and forming guidelines for usage. The launch should then be made by combining a bottom-up with a top-down approach. It should include choosing a pilot for focused efforts and general marketing. Managers and leaders should be instructed separately before instructing each user group. To help the launch suitable ambassadors should be used. The sixth step is to stimulate activity by the use of stars and medals and by emphasizing good material and achievements. Finally, the last step is to follow up the implementation by measuring the outcome and interviewing employees.
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Kerin, Michael A. "Self-organisation and autonomous learning in logical neural networks." Thesis, Brunel University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303172.
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Stein, Sebastian. "Softtware Process Improvements in a Small Organisation : an Ethnography." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för programvarusystem, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2879.
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Software process improvements are required to increase the productivity of software companies. Generally, it is the aim to increase the quality of the produced software and to keep budget and time. Quality models for software process improvements were developed in context of large organisations and multi-national companies. In this study I investigated how software process improvements are done in a small software company. Ethnography was used as research method. It was the aim of this study to build up an understanding of how software process improvements are done and enabled in a small organisation. Fieldnotes were taken and later analysed using template analysis. Ethnography as the chosen research strategy proved to be applicable and feasible in software engineering research. The qualitative research strategy resulted in a detailed description of how one software company did software process improvements from a bottom-up perspective. Despite the learning potential of "how real world contingencies and possibilities interact and shape software process improvement efforts", such descriptions are rare in software engineering literature. Based on the field experiences and the analysed fieldnotes, the following results were identified: In the studied small software organisation, software process improvement efforts were pushed by the initiative of single employees. The studied company did not have enough resources to implement a complete quality model. In addition, management was heavily involved in daily work and therefore had not enough time to initiate and lead software process improvement efforts. For small software companies in a similar situation, the following guidelines can be given: First, a bottom-up approach with delegating responsibility from management to selected employees is needed. Second, management must ensure to be available if decisions must be taken. Third, improvements must be visible and feedback must be provided contemporary to gain momentum in the whole improvement effort. In some cases it might be important to create awareness of possible improvements. Here, employees should create internal lobbies by involving and convincing other employees of the improvement's importance. A joined effort will help to create enough pressure for change, so that improvement efforts get started.Please review the chosen subjects! I'm not sure, if I have done this correctly. My thesis touches all those parts, still it is not a complete sociological study. Besides email you can reach me by phone (Germany, mobile): +49 163 4016393
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Al-Rawas, Amer Awadh Salim. "A framework for the communication and organisation of requirements perspectives." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360546.
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Stergiou, Maria. "A process-centered architecture for organisational transformation." Thesis, University of Kent, 1999. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/21775/.
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Filipe, Joaquim Belo Lopes. "Normative organisational modelling using intelligent multi-agent systems." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327505.
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Chipunza, Enciliah. "Quality management challenges in iterative software product development of a selected software development organisation in Cape Town, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2779.
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Thesis (MTech (Business Information Systems))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.Many software organisations using iterative software development approach use practices that relate to quality management. However, the quality management process has been inadequate. Despite many research studies conducted on quality management in iterative software product development none have adequately addressed the challenges and mitigation techniques to have an adequate process that leads to a quality software product. The objective of this study was to determine factors that affect the quality management process in iterative software development. The research followed a qualitative approach, a case of software organisation SasTech in Cape Town, South Africa. 22 interviews were conducted on three roles actively involved in the software product development process. These are product management, quality assurance and software developers. Themes were drawn from results and were tabulated. The duality of technology theory was used as a theoretical lens to data analysis. Several factors were identified to influence the software quality management process. These include planning, documentation, process ownership, technologies, testing, timelines and management support. Through the general proposed framework, facilities (human resources and technologies), interpretive schemes (architecture) and norms (practices) of software quality management can be institutionalised leading to adequate and effective quality management in iterative development for SasTech as well as other organisations in the same industry.
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Kugler, Petra. "Coordinating innovation : evidence form open source software development /." [St. Gallen] : [s.n.], 2005. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00142393.pdf.
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Brigham, Martin Patrick. "The organisation of technology and the technology of organisation : the Vehicle Mounted Data System and the provision of UK fire services." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2005. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/1184/.
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Social and organisation theorists have become increasingly interested in studying information and communication technologies over the last two decades. This thesis examines how information and communication technologies are organised, and what is organised by information and communication technologies. The thesis contributes to the interest in detailed studies of information and communication technology through an analysis of the implementation and deployment of a mobile data system-the Vehicle Mounted Data System (VMDS)-by firefighters, fire crews and officers at a United Kingdom fire brigade. This thesis examines what becomes of the Vehicle Mounted Data System when it is introduced into a UK fire brigade. This includes an exposition of how recurring issues including the boundaries of the brigade, what is meant by standardisation and risk, what counts as information, and what is understood by devolved incident management is reordered as the VMDS becomes a constitutive part of the problematic fire service provision. The VMDS is bound up with reality constituting effects and this means that what is meant by technology and organisation becomes an important topic of scholarly study. This thesis develops a non-essentialist ontology of technology and organisation-an ontological turn in organisation theory. It is argued that the VMDS is a relational effect that is aligned with existing boundaries and assumptions at Hereford and Worcester Fire Brigade, that the VMDS is a multiple object that is a mutable mobile and is deployed not only to manage safety at incidents but also for managing performance and organisational flexibility, and that the instabilities of the VMDS are responded to ambivalently by various actors as they are enrolled in the collective upkeep of the VMDS. In analysing the Vehicle Mounted Data System a range of analytical resources are drawn upon, including, most significantly, actor-network theory, but also the writings of Deleuze and Guattari. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the politics of theory and suggests that researchers would remain faithful to their intellectual tradition and a sense of critical and creative purpose if they engaged with and helped to construct the heterogeneous ways in which technological devices such as the Vehicle Mounted Data System transform what organisation theorists understand by organisation.
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Sarbu, Miruna [Verfasser], and Ashok [Akademischer Betreuer] Kaul. "Software, firm performance and work organisation : an empirical analysis / Miruna Sarbu. Betreuer: Ashok Kaul." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1058586432/34.
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Stephens, Mark Andrew. "An investigation into the planning, organisation and control of rapid software development and prototyping." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/90580.
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Software development involving prototyping has been widely written about since the early 1980s. This project has been carried out with the intention of investigating the various claims made about it. The first section of the research examines the background to software development and the emergence of alternative approaches to carrying it out. It considers the options open to developers and then examines the background and application of prototyping. It reviews the published work (including survey evidence) on the management and control of prototyping and the ways that this can be carried out effectively. The second part of the work evaluates the results of a series of studies that have been carried out. These comprise several developments for systems built for a metal finishing company and also the analysis of using function points measurement in the development of a system for a local authority, in each study prototyping was used as part or all of the development,. The final part of the work proposes a model for controlling the prototyping process. The second part is a quantitative investigation in to the effectiveness of prototyping as part of a RAD style development. The report concludes with overall recommendations and scope for further research.
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Lonthoff, Jörg. "Externes Anwendungsmanagement : Organisation des Lebenszyklus komponentenbasierter, mobiler Anwendungen /." Wiesbaden : Dt. Univ.-Verl, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016151699&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Rauscher, François. "Gestion des connaissances et communication médiatisée : traçabilité et structuration des messages professionnels." Thesis, Troyes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TROY0032/document.
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Même si le capital immatériel représente une part de plus en plus importante de la valeur de nos organisations, il n’est pas toujours possible de stocker, tracer ou capturer les connaissances et les expertises, par exemple dans des projets de taille moyenne. Le courrier électronique est encore largement utilisé dans les projets d’entreprise en particulier entre les équipes géographiquement dispersées. Dans cette étude, nous présentons une nouvelle approche pour détecter les zones à l'intérieur de courriels professionnels où des éléments de connaissances sont susceptibles de se trouver. Nous définissons un contexte étendu en tenant compte non seulement du contenu du courrier électronique et de ses métadonnées, mais également des compétences et des rôles des utilisateurs. Également l’analyse pragmatique linguistique est mêlée aux techniques usuelles du traitement de langage naturel. Après avoir décrit notre méthode KTR et notre modèle, nous l'appliquons à un corpus réel d’entreprise et évaluons les résultats en fonction des algorithmes d’apprentissage, de filtrage et de rechercheEven if intangible capital represents an increasingly important part of the value of our enterprises, it’s not always possible to store, trace or capture knowledge and expertise, for instance in middle sized projects. Email it still widely used in professional projects especially among geographically distributed teams. In this study we present a novel approach to detect zones inside business emails where elements of knowledge are likely to be found. We define an enhanced context taking into account not only the email content and metadata but also the competencies of the users and their roles. Also linguistic pragmatic analysis is added to usual natural language processing techniques. After describing our model and method KTR, we apply it to a real life corpus and evaluate the results based on machine learning, filtering and information retrieval algorithms
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Debbabi, Bassem. "Cube : a decentralised architecture-based framework for software self-management." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENM004/document.
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Durant ces dernières années, nous avons assisté à une forte émergence de nouvelles technologies et environnements informatiques tels que le cloud computing, l'informatique ubiquitaire ou les réseaux de capteurs. Ces environnements ont permis d'élaborer de nouveaux types d'applications avec une forte valeur ajoutée pour les usagés. Néanmoins, ils ont aussi soulevés de nombreux défis liés notamment à la conception, au déploiement et à la gestion de cycle de vie des applications. Ceci est dû à la nature même de ces environnements distribués, caractérisés par une grande flexibilité, un dynamisme accru et une forte hétérogénéité des ressources. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de fournir une solution générique, réutilisable et extensible pour l'auto-gestion de ces applications. Nous nous sommes concentrés sur la fourniture d'un support logiciel permettant de gérer à l'exécution les architectures et leur cycle de vie, notamment pour les applications à base de composants s'exécutant dans des environnements dynamiques, distributes et à grande échelle. De façon à atteindre cet objectif, nous proposons une solution synergique – le framework Cube – combinant des techniques issues de domaines de recherche adjacents tels que l'auto-organisation, la satisfaction de contraintes, l'auto-adaptation et la reflexion fondée sur les modèles architecturaux. Dans notre solution, un ensemble de gestionnaires autonomiques décentralisés s'auto-organise de façon à construire et gérer une application cible en s'appuyant sur une description partagée des buts de l'application. Cette description formelle, appelé Archetype, prend la forme d'un graphe orienté exprimant les différents éléments de l'architecture et un ensemble de contraintes. Un prototype du framework Cube a été implanté dans le domaine particulier de la médiation. Des expériences ont été conduites dans le cadre de deux projets de recherché nationaux: Self-XL et Medical. Les résultats obtenus démontrent la validité de notre approche pour créer, réparer et adapter des applications à base de composants s'exécutant dans des environnements distribués, dynamiques et hétérogènesIn recent years, the world has witnessed the rapid emergence of several novel technologies and computing environments, including cloud computing, ubiquitous computing and sensor networks. These environments have been rapidly capitalised upon for building new types of applications, and bringing added-value to users. At the same time, the resulting applications have been raising a number of new significant challenges, mainly related to system design, deployment and life-cycle management during runtime. Such challenges stem from the very nature of these novel environments, characterized by large scales, high distribution, resource heterogeneity and increased dynamism. The main objective of this thesis is to provide a generic, reusable and extensible self-management solution for these types of applications, in order to help alleviate this stringent problem. We are particularly interested in providing support for the runtime management of system architecture and life-cycle, focusing on applications that are component-based and that run in highly dynamic, distributed and large-scale environments. In order to achieve this goal, we propose a synergistic solution – the Cube framework – that combines techniques from several adjacent research domains, including self-organization, constraint satisfaction, self-adaptation and self-reflection based on architectural models. In this solution, a set of decentralised Autonomic Managers self-organize dynamically, in order to build and administer a target application, by following a shared description of administrative goals. This formal description, called Archetype, contains a graph-oriented specification of the application elements to manage and of various constraints associated with these elements. A prototype of the Cube framework has been implemented for the particular application domain of data-mediation. Experiments have been carried-out in the context of two national research projects: Self-XL and Medical. Obtained results indicate the viability of the proposed solution for creating, repairing and adapting component-based applications running in distributed volatile and evolving environments
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Demetriou, Georgia. "Organisational social media platforms : exploring user participation behaviours in software and technology firms." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/organisational-social-media-platforms-exploring-user-participation-behaviours-in-software-and-technology-firms(3f8d3ca5-d248-4467-8eb2-97da4888ee48).html.
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The aim of this research was to explore the user participation behaviours in the emerging structure of organisational social media platforms; a term coined and defined in this thesis. This emerging community structure originates from technical discussion forums and knowledge repository systems, and appears to be concerned with solving user problems, generating professional and technical content, and facilitating interaction in the external organisational domain. This research has explored three such platforms in the software and technology sector; namely, the SAP Community Network, the Oracle Community site, and Microsoft's professional platforms, MSDN and TechNet. Qualitative open-ended interviews were conducted and analysed under the interpretive paradigm, to generate a theoretically-grounded account on the use of social media tools in this context, the benefits and value outcomes gained, the underlined reasons and motivations that drive participation, and the emerging impact of active contribution as external users gain recognition. It was found that organisational social media platforms enable the development of rich technical content, personalised experience and thought leadership, creating in this way an environment for problem solving, professional development and expert recognition. The voluntary participation observed is evidently underlined with a combination of altruistic attitudes (e.g. satisfaction, enjoyment and a pro-sharing attitude), reciprocal helping behaviours (e.g. paying it forward, and sharing knowledge and experience) and personal gain expectations (e.g. visibility, recognition and career advancement). The individual platform users appear to acquire participation roles based on their technical expertise (newbie, knowledgeable and expert) and on the level of engagement they wish to undertake (lurker, contributor, community influencer and recognised user). A group of highly active users is formed in this way at the top tier of participation that establishes channels for professional credibility, product feedback and external advocacy through a close relationship with organisational members. These findings suggest that organisational social media platforms can constitute a new interface with the external environment and a potential business model, under which flexible forms of communication and interaction affect the support infrastructure changing the way in which customer service can be delivered, product and sales advocacy can be established, and innovation and product development can be achieved; complementing in this way internal processes with external activity.
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Jönsson, Per. "Impact Analysis : Organisational Views and Support Techniques." Licentiate thesis, Karlskrona : Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00284.
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Change is unavoidable in software development. During the entire lifecycle of a product, from concept to retirement, the environment changes; the needs of customers or the market change and grow, and with them the requirements on the system being developed. Under these conditions, it is crucial to have strong change control in order to be able to manage change in an orderly fashion. Unmanaged change may lead to fault-prone software, thereby increasing test, support and maintenance costs. Impact analysis is the activity of analysing a change and assessing the consequences it may have, including necessary modifications to development artefacts. Thus, it serves as a very important change control tool. Furthermore, as the consequences may include aspects of time, resources, market and technology, impact analysis has the potential to be a valuable product and project management tool. To this date, impact analysis research has mainly been conducted in the software maintenance field. However, as impact analysis clearly has a wide field of application, it is relevant to study it in other contexts as well. This thesis looks at impact analysis from a requirements engineering perspective, with particular focus on organisational aspects related to different roles and organisational levels. The results show that impact analysis indeed has a diverse nature with respect to these aspects. Furthermore, the thesis includes the proposal and evaluation of a semi-automatic method for performing impact analysis. Finally, it provides a thorough evaluation of a technique for reconstructing missing data in surveys.Avhandlingen handlar om påverkansanalys av programvaruändringar under utvecklingscykeln. Påverkansanalys diskuteras från ett organisatoriskt perspektiv med fokus på kravhantering. Detta skiljer sig från majoriteten av existerande forskning, där man typiskt har ett tekniskt perspektiv samt fokuserar på programvaruunderhåll. Nyckelord: påverkansanalys, roller, organisatoriska nivåer, kravhantering
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Starkey, Andrew J. "Many-objective genetic type-2 fuzzy logic based workforce optimisation strategies for large scale organisational design." Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/21543/.
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Workforce optimisation aims to maximise the productivity of a workforce and is a crucial practice for large organisations. The more effective these workforce optimisation strategies are, the better placed the organisation is to meet their objectives. Usually, the focus of workforce optimisation is scheduling, routing and planning. These strategies are particularly relevant to organisations with large mobile workforces, such as utility companies. There has been much research focused on these areas. One aspect of workforce optimisation that gets overlooked is organisational design. Organisational design aims to maximise the potential utilisation of all resources while minimising costs. If done correctly, other systems (scheduling, routing and planning) will be more effective. This thesis looks at organisational design, from geographical structures and team structures to skilling and resource management. A many-objective optimisation system to tackle large-scale optimisation problems will be presented. The system will employ interval type-2 fuzzy logic to handle the uncertainties with the real-world data, such as travel times and task completion times. The proposed system was developed with data from British Telecom (BT) and was deployed within the organisation. The techniques presented at the end of this thesis led to a very significant improvement over the standard NSGA-II algorithm by 31.07% with a P-Value of 1.86-10. The system has delivered an increase in productivity in BT of 0.5%, saving an estimated £1million a year, cut fuel consumption by 2.9%, resulting in an additional saving of over £200k a year. Due to less fuel consumption Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions have been reduced by 2,500 metric tonnes. Furthermore, a report by the United Kingdom’s (UK’s) Department of Transport found that for every billion vehicle miles travelled, there were 15,409 serious injuries or deaths. The system saved an estimated 7.7 million miles, equating to preventing more than 115 serious casualties and fatalities.
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Dyerson, Romano. "The implications of technical change for economic organisation in the CAD/CAM sector - a suggested transaction cost approach." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/596.
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D'Adderio, Luciana. "Inside the virtual product : the influence of integrated software systems on organisational knowledge dynamics." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394286.
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Foucault, Matthieu. "Organisation des développeurs open-source et fiabilité logicielle." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0219/document.
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La fiabilité du logiciel, c’est-à-dire sa capacité à produire les fonctionnalités attendues, est essentielle au succès des projets de développement logiciel. Afin de garantir cette fiabilité, les développeurs ont pour objectif de réduire le nombre de bogues présents dans le code source du logiciel.Une des techniques ayant pour but d’aider les développeurs dans cette tâche est l’utilisation de métriques logicielles, et notamment de métriques liées au procédé de développement.L’objectif général de cette thèse est de contribuer à la validation de métriques de procédé en étudiant leur relation avec la fiabilité. Ces métriques, une fois validées, pourront être utilisées dans des modèles de prédiction de bogues ayant pour but de mieux orienter les efforts de maintenance des développeurs ou pourront permettre de mettre en place des lignes de conduite relatives au procédé de développement. Devant l’étendue de ce domaine, nous avons centré nos contributions sur un aspect du procédé de développement qui est l’organisation des développeurs et avons observé cette organisation dans des projets open-source.En parallèle de la validation de ces métriques, nous avons contribué à l’amélioration de la méthodologie permettant l’extraction et l’analyse de métriques, grâce aux informations contenues dans les dépôts logicielsReliability of a software, i.e. its capacity to produce the expected behaviour, is essential to the success of software projects. To ensure such reliability, developers need to reduce the amount of bugs in the source code of the software. One of the techniques available to help developers in this task is the use of software metrics, and especially metrics related to the development process.The general objective of this thesis is to contribute to the validation of process metrics, by studying their relationship with software reliability. These metrics, once validated, can be used in bug predictionmodels with the goal to guide maintenance efforts or can be used to create development guidelines. Given the extent of this domain, we chose to focus on one particular aspect of the development process, which is developers organisation, and we studied this organisation in open-source software projects.In parallel to the validation of process metrics, we contributed to the improvement of the methodology used to extract and analyse metrics, thanks to information available in software repositories
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Bird, Alan J. "Development of a corporate communication strategy for a medium size organisation in the computer software field." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1424.
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Thesis (MTech (Public Relations Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, 2004This research paper is aimed at formulating a corporate communication strategy for a medium- sized organisation, Highbury Solutions, operating in the computer software ' industry. Highbury Solutions consists of a Managing Director and four managers who, together with fifteen operational staff, make up a total staff complement of twenty. Highbury Solutions had a tumover of approximately R25 million over the past financial year (2004). The organisation enjoys a partnership with the computer conglomerate IBM in which the branding of Highbury Solutions products carries the computer giants' endorsement. This relationship has been in existence since 2001. The relationship, however, according to preliminary research, indicates no communication strategy or formal communication channels in place between the two organisations. The aim of this research paper will thus be to transform theoretical perspectives into a practical approach and design of a suitable corporate communication strategy for Highbury Solutions. This strategy will be based on sound research principles of both the organisation and its stakeholders and will be based on the model for Corporate Communication Strategy in Steyn & Puth (2002: 62). This research paper will aim to formulate a corporate communication strategy that will nurture and grow the relationship between the two organisations for the next three to five years. Chapter one consists of an introduction to the research issue, including the aim of the research, the stating of the research problem as well as identifying subproblems and possible assumptions.
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Venter, Johanna Maria. "The relationship between psychological career resources and engagement at a South African software and services organisation." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24017.
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One of the challenges imposed by the 21st century is to retain talented staff by keeping employees engaged in their work. Engagement in itself is a complex construct, which still requires much clarification. One of the gaps in the literature is the link between engagement and the competencies required by individuals to craft a career in the 21st century. These competencies are referred to as psychological career resources (Coetzee, 2008). This study was conducted in a medium-sized South African software and services organisation using a random sample of 111 consultants. The primary objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between psychological career resources (career preferences, career values, career enablers, career drivers and career harmonisers) and engagement (dedication, vigour and absorption). The second and third objectives were to find whether there were any significant differences between individuals who differed as to gender, age, marital status, occupational field, occupational level and department in which employed with regard to engagement and psychological career resources. A further objective was to establish the dominant psychological career resources and engagement constructs of the consultants in the sample. The data was collected using the 9-item U-WES (Utrecht Work Engagement Scale) and the PCRI (Psychological Career Resources Inventory). The study found that behavioural adaptability and self-esteem have a significant impact on vigour and dedication, while behavioural adaptability also has a significant impact on absorption. This study could contribute meaningful information to the field of well-being and career development, allowing professionals to assist individuals in developing career competencies that contribute to engagement and ultimately to well-being.Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Human Resource Management
unrestricted
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Brunauer, Martina. "Social Software in politischen Kampagnen : qualitative Untersuchung am Beispiel politischer Non-Profit-Organisationen in Österreich /." Wien : Facultas.wuv, 2008. http://www.gbv.de/dms/ilmenau/toc/595548091.PDF.
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Ljungstedt, Stefan. "Distribution av programvara i en stor organisation : fallstudie från landstinget i Östergötland." Thesis, University West, Department of Informatics and Mathematics, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-638.
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