Journal articles: 'Soft surfaces'

1

OHSHIMA, Hiroyuki. "Electrokinetics on Soft Surfaces." Oleoscience 8, no. 2 (2008): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/oleoscience.8.41.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Solomon, Justin, Andy Nguyen, Adrian Butscher, Mirela Ben-Chen, and Leonidas Guibas. "Soft Maps Between Surfaces." Computer Graphics Forum 31, no. 5 (August 2012): 1617–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2012.03167.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Wilson, I. "Soft Solids on Surfaces." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 85, no. 9 (August 23, 2013): 1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.201250732.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Kim, Andrew T., Jongwon Seok, John A. Tichy, and Timothy S. Cale. "Soft Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication With Roughness." Journal of Tribology 125, no. 2 (March 19, 2003): 448–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1494100.

Full text

Abstract:

A “soft” elastohydrodynamic lubrication model for a conformal one-dimensional sliding contact is presented. We describe surface-surface and fluid-surface interactions in conditions where asperities are in direct contact (mixed lubrication), and the effective film thickness is comparable in size to the roughness of the bounding surfaces. In the conditions considered, surfaces have a low elastic modulus, and fluid pressures have a low magnitude, relative to those found in most tribology applications. An interesting coupling is exhibited between the surface roughness, the global elasticity, and the fluid pressure. As opposed to typical tribological applications in conformal mixed lubrication contact, fluid pressure is strong enough to cause significant elastic displacement of the mean boundary surfaces. The deformation is taken into account in an iterative process to compute the resulting spatially dependent stresses, deformations and fluid pressures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Day, Charles. "Soft surfaces lift hard objects." Physics Today 69, no. 7 (July 2016): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.3224.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Bittner, Alexander M., Frederik Heber, and Jan Hamaekers. "Biomolecules as soft matter surfaces." Surface Science 603, no. 10-12 (June 2009): 1922–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2008.11.043.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Rajo-Iglesias, E., J. L. Vázquez-Roy, O. Quevedo-Teruel, and L. Inclán-Sánchez. "Dual band planar soft surfaces." IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 3, no. 5 (2009): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2008.0146.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Bittner, A. M. "Clusters on soft matter surfaces." Surface Science Reports 61, no. 9 (November 2006): 383–428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfrep.2006.03.003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Safran, S. A. "Statistical thermodynamics of soft surfaces." Surface Science 500, no. 1-3 (March 2002): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6028(01)01535-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Sarkar, Anwesha, Efren Andablo-Reyes, Michael Bryant, Duncan Dowson, and Anne Neville. "Lubrication of soft oral surfaces." Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science 39 (February 2019): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2019.01.008.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Nicol, K., J. Natrup, and K. Peikenkamp. "Pressure distribution of soft surfaces." Gait & Posture 2, no. 4 (December 1994): 242–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0966-6362(94)90125-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Zhang, Xue Peng, Yong Hua Wang, and Lu Quan Ren. "Wind Tunnel Test for Drag Reduction of Airfoil Bionic Soft Surface." Applied Mechanics and Materials 461 (November 2013): 767–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.461.767.

Full text

Abstract:

The soft surface of birds and aquatic organisms in the nature can effectively reduce the drag. Inspired by the fact,in this paper, an attempt is made to stick silicone rubber soft surface on the surfaces of NACA 4412 and NACA 6409 airfoils. The drags, lifts and lift-drag ratios of airfoils with soft and rigid surfaces in 5 different thickness were compared through wind tunnel test under the condition of α = 0 °. The results show that most of the bionic soft surfaces play the role of reducing the aerodynamic drag, and also increasing the lift at the same time, in which the soft surface of 0.6mm had the most significant effect of drag reduction and lift increasing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Howland, R. S., D. F. Oot, R. Nowroozi-Esfahani, G. J. Maclay, and P. J. Hesketh. "Non-contact atomic-force microscopy for soft surfaces." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (August 1, 1993): 516–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100148411.

Full text

Abstract:

The atomic force microscope (AFM) was invented in the mid-1980s, in response to strong interest in the high resolution, real-space surface imaging capabilities of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). The AFM provides one real benefit that the STM cannot: it is able to image insulating surfaces. As a result, the AFM can operate on a wider variety of samples; it also can image samples in air, where many conductors oxidize rapidly, and in solution. Essentially no surface preparation is necessary. Historically, however, even the AFM has had limitations. Until recently, the contact forces exerted by the AFM tip on the sample surface meant that AFM was limited to surfaces of substantial rigidity. Noncontact AFM removes that barrier, opening up the possibility of AFM imaging of very soft surfaces, or of surfaces that cannot be contaminated by contact with the tip.An AFM uses a piezoelectric transducer to scan the sample beneath a sharp probe.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Mao, Tianyu, and Fengzhou Fang. "Biomimetic Functional Surfaces towards Bactericidal Soft Contact Lenses." Micromachines 11, no. 9 (August 31, 2020): 835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11090835.

Full text

Abstract:

The surface with high-aspect-ratio nanostructure is observed to possess the bactericidal properties, where the physical interaction between high-aspect-ratio nanostructure could exert sufficient pressure on the cell membrane eventually lead to cell lysis. Recent studies in the interaction mechanism and reverse engineering have transferred the bactericidal capability to artificial surface, but the biomimetic surfaces mimicking the topographical patterns on natural resources possess different geometrical parameters and surface properties. The review attempts to highlight the recent progress in bactericidal nanostructured surfaces to analyze the prominent influence factors and cell rupture mechanism. A holistic approach was utilized, integrating interaction mechanisms, material characterization, and fabrication techniques to establish inclusive insights into the topographical effect and mechano-bactericidal applications. The experimental work presented in the hydrogel material field provides support for the feasibility of potentially broadening applications in soft contact lenses.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Cheung, D. L. "Effect of surface structure on peptide adsorption on soft surfaces." Chemical Physics Letters 758 (November 2020): 137929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137929.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Sadowski, Przemysław, and Stanisław Stupkiewicz. "Friction in lubricated soft-on-hard, hard-on-soft and soft-on-soft sliding contacts." Tribology International 129 (January 2019): 246–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2018.08.025.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Amato, I. "Imaging Ionic Tides and Soft Surfaces." Science News 135, no. 6 (February 11, 1989): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3973209.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Rand, Charles J., and Alfred J. Crosby. "Friction of soft elastomeric wrinkled surfaces." Journal of Applied Physics 106, no. 6 (September 15, 2009): 064913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3226074.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Digumarti, Krishna Manaswi, Andrew T. Conn, and Jonathan Rossiter. "Pellicular Morphing Surfaces for Soft Robots." IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 4, no. 3 (July 2019): 2304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lra.2019.2901981.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Chen, Simeng, and Volfango Bertola. "Drop impact on spherical soft surfaces." Physics of Fluids 29, no. 8 (August 2017): 082106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4996587.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Murray, Royce W. "Analytical Chemistry of Soft Material Surfaces." Analytical Chemistry 70, no. 21 (November 1998): 689A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac9820115.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Shafieyan, Yousef, and Boris Hinz. "Signs of stress on soft surfaces." Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling 9, no. 4 (August 16, 2015): 305–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12079-015-0305-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Halvey, Alex Kate, Brian Macdonald, Abhishek Dhyani, and Anish Tuteja. "Design of surfaces for controlling hard and soft fouling." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377, no. 2138 (December 24, 2018): 20180266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0266.

Full text

Abstract:

In this review, we present a framework to guide the design of surfaces which are resistant to solid fouling, based on the modulus and length scale of the fouling material. Solid fouling is defined as the undesired attachment of solid contaminants including ice, clathrates, waxes, inorganic scale, polymers, proteins, dust and biological materials. We first provide an overview of the surface design approaches typically applied across the scope of solid fouling and explain how these disparate research efforts can be united to an extent under a single framework. We discuss how the elastic modulus and the operating length scale of a foulant determine its ability or inability to elastically deform surfaces. When surface deformation occurs, minimization of the substrate elastic modulus is critical for the facile de-bonding of a solid contaminant. Foulants with low modulus or small deposition sizes cannot deform an elastic bulk material and instead de-bond more readily from surfaces with chemistries that minimize their interfacial free energy or induce a particular repellant interaction with the foulant. Overall, we review reported surface design strategies for the reduction in solid fouling, and provide perspective regarding how our framework, together with the modulus and length scale of a foulant, can guide future antifouling surface designs. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bioinspired materials and surfaces for green science and technology’.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Tanaka, Hiroto, Toshiyuki Nakata, and Takeshi Yamasaki. "Biomimetic Soft Wings for Soft Robot Science." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 34, no. 2 (April 20, 2022): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2022.p0223.

Full text

Abstract:

Flight and swimming in nature can inspire the design of highly adaptive robots capable of working in complex environments. In this letter, we reviewed our work on robotic propulsion in the air and water, with a specific focus on the crucial functions of elastic components involved in the driving mechanism and flapping wings. Elasticity in the driving mechanism inspired by birds and insects can enhance both the aerodynamic efficiency of flapping wings and robustness against disturbances with appropriate design. A flapping wing surface with a stiffness distribution inspired by hummingbirds was fabricated by combining tapered spars and ribs with a thin film. The biomimetic flexible wing could generate more lift than the nontapered wing with a similar amount of power consumption. Underwater flapping-wing propulsion inspired by penguins was investigated by combining the 3-degree-of-freedom (DoF) flapping mechanism and hydrodynamic calculation, which indicates that wing bending increases the propulsion efficiency. This work demonstrates the importance of passive deformation of both wing surfaces and driving mechanisms for improving the fluid dynamic efficiency and robustness in flight and swimming, as well as providing biological insight from an engineering perspective.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Vialar, Pierre, Pascal Merzeau, Etienne Barthel, Suzanne Giasson, and Carlos Drummond. "Interaction between Compliant Surfaces: How Soft Surfaces Can Reduce Friction." Langmuir 35, no. 48 (September 30, 2019): 15723–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02384.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Guo, Hongshuang, Hao Zeng, and Arri Priimagi. "Optically controlled grasping-slipping robot moving on tubular surfaces." Multifunctional Materials 5, no. 2 (March 29, 2022): 024001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2399-7532/ac55fd.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Stimuli-responsive polymers provide unmatched opportunities for remotely controlled soft robots navigating in complex environments. Many of the responsive-material-based soft robots can walk on open surfaces, with movement directionality dictated by the friction anisotropy at the robot-substrate interface. Translocation in one-dimensional space such as on a tubular surface is much more challenging due to the lack of efficient friction control strategies. Such strategies could in long term provide novel application prospects in, e.g. overhaul at high altitudes and robotic operation within confined environments. In this work, we realize a liquid-crystal-elastomer-based soft robot that can move on a tubular surface through optical control over the grasping force exerted on the surface. Photoactuation allows for remotely switched gripping and friction control which, together with cyclic body deformation, enables light-fueled climbing on tubular surfaces of glass, wood, metal, and plastic with various cross-sections. We demonstrate vertical climbing, moving obstacles along the path, and load-carrying ability (at least 3 × body weight). We believe our design offer new prospects for wirelessly driven soft micro-robotics in confined spacing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Thiel, David V., Matthew T. O. Worsey, Florian Klodzinski, Nicholas Emerson, and Hugo G. Espinosa. "A Penetrometer for Quantifying the Surface Stiffness of Sport Sand Surfaces." Proceedings 49, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049064.

Full text

Abstract:

Sand sports include running, volleyball, soccer, beach flags, ironman, and fitness training. An increased amount of soft tissue injuries have been widely reported. A novel technique of determining the surface stiffness of beach sand in-situ used a simple drop-test penetrometer. The relationship between drop height and the depth of penetration squared was linear (Pearson’s correlation coefficient r2 > 0.92). The stiffness ratio between the soft dry sand and ocean-saturated wet sand compacted by eight hours of coastal water exposure was approximately seven, which was similar to previously reported stiffness measurements in a sand box. However, the absolute stiffness values were much smaller. While this technique was manually operated, an automatic system is postulated for future studies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Song, Sukho, Dirk-Michael Drotlef, Carmel Majidi, and Metin Sitti. "Controllable load sharing for soft adhesive interfaces on three-dimensional surfaces." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 22 (May 15, 2017): E4344—E4353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1620344114.

Full text

Abstract:

For adhering to three-dimensional (3D) surfaces or objects, current adhesion systems are limited by a fundamental trade-off between 3D surface conformability and high adhesion strength. This limitation arises from the need for a soft, mechanically compliant interface, which enables conformability to nonflat and irregularly shaped surfaces but significantly reduces the interfacial fracture strength. In this work, we overcome this trade-off with an adhesion-based soft-gripping system that exhibits enhanced fracture strength without sacrificing conformability to nonplanar 3D surfaces. Composed of a gecko-inspired elastomeric microfibrillar adhesive membrane supported by a pressure-controlled deformable gripper body, the proposed soft-gripping system controls the bonding strength by changing its internal pressure and exploiting the mechanics of interfacial equal load sharing. The soft adhesion system can use up to ∼26% of the maximum adhesion of the fibrillar membrane, which is 14× higher than the adhering membrane without load sharing. Our proposed load-sharing method suggests a paradigm for soft adhesion-based gripping and transfer-printing systems that achieves area scaling similar to that of a natural gecko footpad.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Visschers, Fabian L. L., Matthew Hendrikx, Yuanyuan Zhan, and Danqing Liu. "Liquid crystal polymers with motile surfaces." Soft Matter 14, no. 24 (2018): 4898–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm00524a.

Full text

Abstract:

In analogy with developments in soft robotics it is anticipated that soft robotic functions at surfaces of objects may have a large impact on human life with respect to comfort, health, medical care and energy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Xiao, Wei, Dean Hu, Gang Yang, and Chao Jiang. "Modeling and analysis of soft robotic surfaces actuated by pneumatic network bending actuators." Smart Materials and Structures 31, no. 5 (March 16, 2022): 055001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ac5b1d.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Soft robots are a nascent field that aims to provide a safe interaction with humans and better adaptability to unstructured environments. Many tentacle-like one-dimensional soft robots that can mimic the basic motion in nature are developed owing to ease of design and fabrication. To expand the spectrum of soft robots, this paper gives a detailed introduction of a new type of sheet-like two-dimensional soft robot. This soft robot is called soft robotic surface (SRS), which is actuated by pneumatic network bending actuators. An analytical model of the SRS is constructed based on the minimum potential energy method, which considers both its geometry complexity and material nonlinearity. The comparisons among the analytical, experimental, and numerical results demonstrate that the analytical model can accurately predict the SRS deformation. The maximum root mean squared error for the surface morphing is 3.429 mm, which is less than 5% of the maximum displacement for the free end. The effects of the actuating pressure and structural parameter on the SRS deformation are also investigated. The results reveal that the deformation shape of the SRS can be reconfigured by controlling the applied pressure. And the bending angle of the two actuators both decreases with the increase of the width and thickness of the soft surface. The SRS extends the research on soft robots and the developed analytical model also solves the fundamental problem of how to programme the surface morphing of soft robot surfaces. Finally, we fabricate a soft gripper that can grasp object objects with different sizes, shapes, and stiffness, which demonstrates the application of the SRS.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Vilaça, Adriana, Rui M. A. Domingues, Hanna Tiainen, Bárbara B. Mendes, Alejandro Barrantes, Rui L. Reis, Manuela E. Gomes, and Manuel Gomez‐Florit. "Multifunctional Surfaces for Improving Soft Tissue Integration." Advanced Healthcare Materials 10, no. 8 (February 18, 2021): 2001985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202001985.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

van Aken, George A. "Modelling texture perception by soft epithelial surfaces." Soft Matter 6, no. 5 (2010): 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b916708k.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Støfringsdal, Bård. "Compact Representation of Reflections from Soft Surfaces." Acta Acustica united with Acustica 94, no. 6 (November 1, 2008): 933–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3813/aaa.918110.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Kildal, P. S. "Artificially soft and hard surfaces in electromagnetics." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 38, no. 10 (1990): 1537–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/8.59765.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Auzelyte, V., V. Flauraud, V. J. Cadarso, T. Kiefer, and J. Brugger. "Biomimetic soft lithography on curved nanostructured surfaces." Microelectronic Engineering 97 (September 2012): 269–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2012.03.013.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Leckband, D. "Using the soft touch on cell surfaces." Biophysical Journal 68, no. 6 (June 1995): 2215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3495(95)80404-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Johnson, Grant E., Qichi Hu, and Julia Laskin. "Soft Landing of Complex Molecules on Surfaces." Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry 4, no. 1 (July 19, 2011): 83–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anchem-061010-114028.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Schwenzer-Zimmerer, K., L. Kovacs, C. Holberg, P. Hering, R. Sader, and H. F. Zeihofer. "Modern 3D acquiring of soft tissue surfaces." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 34 (January 2005): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0901-5027(05)81045-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Rosenberg, Maor, and Mark Schvartzman. "Direct Resistless Soft Nanopatterning of Freeform Surfaces." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 11, no. 46 (October 29, 2019): 43494–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b13494.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Zeng, Mian, Hualong Du, Ziguang Chen, and Li Tan. "Hierarchical Buckling on Surfaces of Soft Laminae." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 114, no. 39 (August 16, 2010): 16439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp103815p.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Liu, Zhen, Kristen Pappacena, Jane Cerise, Jaeup Kim, Christopher J. Durning, Ben O'Shaughness, and Rastislav Levicky. "Organization of Nanoparticles on Soft Polymer Surfaces." Nano Letters 2, no. 3 (March 2002): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl015625p.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

VIVET, L., M. F. BARTHE, T. GIBERT, and B. DUBREUIL. "Soft laser sputtering of GaAs semiconductor surfaces." Le Journal de Physique IV 04, no. C4 (April 1994): C4–115—C4–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:1994424.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Chen, Longquan, Günter K. Auernhammer, and Elmar Bonaccurso. "Short time wetting dynamics on soft surfaces." Soft Matter 7, no. 19 (2011): 9084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1sm05967j.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Lee, Shermin, Bee Tin Goh, Joop Wolke, Henk Tideman, Paul Stoelinga, and John Jansen. "Soft tissue adaptation to modified titanium surfaces." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A 95A, no. 2 (August 19, 2010): 543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.32849.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Extrand, C. W., and Y. Kumagai. "Contact Angles and Hysteresis on Soft Surfaces." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 184, no. 1 (December 1996): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1996.0611.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Flitney, R. K. "Soft packings." Tribology International 19, no. 4 (August 1986): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-679x(86)90053-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Wannop, John, Shaylyn Kowalchuk, Michael Esposito, and Darren Stefanyshyn. "Influence of Artificial Turf Surface Stiffness on Athlete Performance." Life 10, no. 12 (December 10, 2020): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10120340.

Full text

Abstract:

Properties of conventional playing surfaces have been investigated for many years and the stiffness of the surface has potential to influence athletic performance. However, despite the proliferation of different infilled artificial turfs with varying properties, the effect of surface stiffness of these types of surfaces on athlete performance remains unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this project was to determine the influence of surface stiffness of artificial turf systems on athlete performance. Seventeen male athletes performed four movements (running, 5-10-5 agility, vertical jumping and sprinting) on five surfaces of varying stiffness: Softest (−50%), Softer (−34%), Soft (−16%), Control, Stiff (+17%). Performance metrics (running economy, jump height, sprint/agility time) and kinematic data were recorded during each movement and participants performed a subjective evaluation of the surface. When compared to the Control surface, performance was significantly improved during running (Softer, Soft), the agility drill (Softest) and vertical jumping (Soft). Subjectively, participants could not discern between any of the softer surfaces in terms of surface cushioning, however, the stiffer surface was rated as harder and less comfortable. Overall, changes in surface stiffness altered athletic performance and, to a lesser extent, subjective assessments of performance, with changes in performance being surface and movement specific.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Zhang, Bo, Jing Qiu Wang, and Xiao Lei Wang. "The Effect of Elastic Deformation on the Load-Carrying Capacity of Textured Sliding Surfaces." Applied Mechanics and Materials 736 (March 2015): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.736.7.

Full text

Abstract:

In order to study the differences in load-carrying capacity of surface-textured soft materials and stiff materials, a theoretical hydrodynamic model considering elastic deformation is developed for numerical simulation analysis. Minimum oil film thickness at a certain load is computed as an index to evaluate the load-carrying capacity of textured sliding surfaces made of soft materials and stiff materials. The results show that the elastic modulus affects greatly on the load-carrying capacity. In the case of the surface texture with a dimple aspect of 0.05, textured soft materials has a higher load-carrying capacity than that of the stiff materials. In the case of the surface texture with a dimple aspect of 0.01 and only under high loads, textured stiff materials provides a better load-carrying capacity than that of the soft materials.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Llopis-Grimalt, Maria Antonia, Andreu Miquel Amengual-Tugores, Marta Monjo, and Joana Maria Ramis. "Oriented Cell Alignment Induced by a Nanostructured Titanium Surface Enhances Expression of Cell Differentiation Markers." Nanomaterials 9, no. 12 (November 22, 2019): 1661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9121661.

Full text

Abstract:

A key factor for dental implant success is a good sealing between the implant surface and both soft (gum) and hard (bone) tissues. Surface nanotopography can modulate cell response through mechanotransduction. The main objective of this research was the development of nanostructured titanium (Ti) surfaces that promote both soft and hard tissue integration with potential application in dental implants. Nanostructured Ti surfaces were developed by electrochemical anodization—nanopores (NPs) and nanonets (NNs)—and characterized by atomic force microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy, and contact angle analysis. In addition, nanoparticle release and apoptosis activation were analyzed on cell culture. NP surfaces showed nanoparticle release, which increased in vitro cell apoptosis. Primary human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) were used to test cell adhesion, cytotoxicity, metabolic activity, and differentiation markers. Finally, cell orientation on the different surfaces was analyzed using a phalloidin staining. NN surfaces induced an oriented alignment of both cell types, leading in turn to an improved expression of differentiation markers. Our results suggest that NN structuration of Ti surfaces has great potential to be used for dental implant abutments to improve both soft and hard tissue integration.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Morozov, Ilya A., Alexander S. Kamenetskikh, Anton Y. Beliaev, Marina G. Scherban, and Dmitriy M. Kiselkov. "Low Energy Implantation of Carbon into Elastic Polyurethane." Coatings 10, no. 3 (March 16, 2020): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10030274.

Full text

Abstract:

Ion modification of polymeric materials requires gentle regimens and subsequent investigation of mechanical and deformation behavior of the surfaces. Polyurethane is a synthetic block copolymer: A fibrillar hard phase is inhomogeneoulsy distributed in a matrix of soft phase. Implantation of carbon ions into this polymer by deep oscillation magnetron sputtering (energy—0.1–1 keV and dose of ions—1014–1015 ion/cm2) forms graphene-like nanolayer and causes heterogeneous changes in structural and mechanical properties of the surface: Topography, elastic modulus and depth of implantation for the hard/soft phase areas are different. As a result, after certain treatment regimens strain-induced defects (nanocracks in the areas of the modified soft phase, or folds in the hard phase) appear on the surfaces of stretched materials. Treated surfaces have increased hydrophobicity and free surface energy, and in some cases show good deformability without any defects.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Soft surfaces'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles