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Journal articles on the topic 'Soft matther polymer physics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Vilgis, Thomas A. "Hydrocolloids between soft matter and taste: Culinary polymer physics." International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science 1, no. 1 (January 2012): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgfs.2011.11.012.

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2

Du, Bing, and Florian J. Stadler. "Functional Polymer Solutions and Gels—Physics and Novel Applications." Polymers 12, no. 3 (March 18, 2020): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030676.

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3

Liverpool, Tanniemola B. "Active gels: where polymer physics meets cytoskeletal dynamics." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 364, no. 1849 (October 18, 2006): 3335–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1897.

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The cytoskeleton provides eukaryotic cells with mechanical support and helps them to perform their biological functions. It is predominantly composed of a network of semiflexible polar protein filaments. In addition, there are many accessory proteins that bind to these filaments, regulate their assembly, link them to organelles and provide the motors that either move the organelles along the filaments or move the filaments themselves. A natural approach to such a multiple particle system is the study of its collective excitations. I review some recent work on the theoretical description of the emergence of a number of particular collective motile behaviours from the interactions between different elements of the cytoskeleton. In order to do this, close analogies have been made to the study of driven soft condensed matter systems. However, it emerges naturally that a description of these soft active motile systems gives rise to new types of collective phenomena not seen in conventional soft systems. I discuss the implications of these results and perspectives for the future.

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4

Lindner, Peter, and George Wignall. "Neutron-Scattering Measurements of “Soft Matter”." MRS Bulletin 24, no. 12 (December 1999): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400053707.

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Neutron scattering had its origin in 1932, the year that marked the discovery of the neutron by Chadwick, and the first nuclear reactors were successfully operated in Chicago and Oak Ridge, Tenn., in the early 1940s. During its initial stages, neutron scattering was used mainly for the study of “hard” crystalline materials. For example, Shull and Wollan's pioneering research, which led to the 1994 Nobel Prize in physics, began with studies of iron, chromium, and iridium, and was followed by the development of polarization analysis to determine the structure of magnetic materials. Such studies continue to yield important structural information (see the articles on magnetism by Aeppli and Hayden and on crystallography by Radaelli and Jorgensen in this issue of MRS Bulletin), although during the last two decades, the technique has been increasingly used by scientists from other disciplines (chemistry, biology, polymer science), and many of these newer applications have involved “soft” matter such as polymers, colloids, and gels. By definition, these substances are “plastic” or “squishy,” and easy to mold into different shapes; because of this flexibility, they have become some of the most practical and widely used materials today.

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5

Hansen, Jean-Pierre, Chris I. Addison, and Ard A. Louis. "Polymer solutions: from hard monomers to soft polymers." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 17, no. 45 (October 28, 2005): S3185—S3193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/17/45/001.

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6

KIM, MIN-KYUNG, YU-JIN LEE, and NAM-JU JO. "THE EFFECT OF HSAB PRINCIPLE ON ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMER-IN-SALT ELECTROLYTES WITH ALIPHATIC POLYMER." Surface Review and Letters 17, no. 01 (February 2010): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x10013825.

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To obtain high ambient ionic conductivity of solid polymer electrolyte (SPE), we introduce polymer-in-salt system with ion hopping mechanism contrary to traditional salt-in-polymer system with segmental motion mechanism. In polymer-in-salt system, the interaction between polymer and salt is important because polymer-in-salt electrolyte contains a large amount of salt. Thus, we try to solve the origin of interaction between polymer and salt by using hard/soft acid base (HSAB) principle. The SPEs are made up of two types of polymers (poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO, hard base) and poly(ethylene imine) (PEI, softer base than PEO)) and four types of salts ( LiCF 3 SO 3 (hard cation/hard anion), LiCl (hard cation/soft anion), AgCF 3 SO 3 (soft cation/hard anion), and AgCl (soft cation/soft anion)) according to HSAB principle. In salt-in-polymer system, ionic conductivities of SPEs were affected by HSAB principle but in polymer-in-salt system, they were influenced by the ion hopping property of salt rather than the solubility of polymer for salt according to HSAB principle. The highest ionic conductivities of PEO-based and PEI-based SPEs were 5.13 × 10-4Scm-1 and 7.32 × 10-4Scm-1 in polymer-in-salt system, respectively.

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7

Doukas, A. K., C. N. Likos, and P. Ziherl. "Structure formation in soft nanocolloids: liquid-drop model." Soft Matter 14, no. 16 (2018): 3063–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm00293b.

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Using a model where soft nanocolloids such as spherical polymer brushes and star polymers are viewed as compressible liquid drops, we theoretically explore interactions between such particles and the ordered structures that they form.

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8

Lee, Sang Wook, Yu Jin Na, Won Suk Choi, and Sin Doo Lee. "Overview on Roles of Wettability and Elasticity of Soft Matters for Emerging Technologies." Key Engineering Materials 428-429 (January 2010): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.428-429.3.

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The fundamental aspects of the wettability and the elasticity of soft matters, particularly, functional polymer solutions, lipid membranes, and biological cells in the development of new technologies are overviewed from the basic principles and underlying physics. The key concept is how to control interfacial interactions between solid substrates and soft matters through surface modification. Two representative examples are demonstrated to discuss the underlying physics behind the pattern and domain formation; one of them is multi-dimensional generation of heterogeneous organic arrays and the other is micro-patterning of red blood cells on lipid membranes

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9

Kuttich, Björn, Isabelle Grillo, Sebastian Schöttner, Markus Gallei, and Bernd Stühn. "Polymer conformation in nanoscopic soft confinement." Soft Matter 13, no. 38 (2017): 6709–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sm01179b.

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We study the conformation of a polymer (polyethylene glycol) in a nanoscopic soft confinement with attractive walls. On a local scale the conformation is compressed, while the overall size adopts the size of the confinement.

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10

Kumar, Sanat K., and Andrew M. Jimenez. "Polymer adsorption – reversible or irreversible?" Soft Matter 16, no. 23 (2020): 5346–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sm90097d.

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This editorial introduces two comprehensive papers in Soft Matter by Napolitano and Roth which cover detailed experiments on adsorbed polymer layers and the underlying assumptions that go with interpreting the dynamics of these “irreversibly” bound chains.

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11

Cherunova, I., N. Kornev, and Mathias Paschen. "Study of Compression Soft Porous Foam Materials." Solid State Phenomena 265 (September 2017): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.265.279.

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The paper presents the findings of the research into neoprene-like soft foamed materials during compression in water. The specific features of the internal structure of such materials lead to complex deformations. This is related to the specific features of the internal structure of materials that contain a large amount of inert air. The paper also presents the findings of structural studies which explained the relationship between the elastic properties of materials and the strength of polymer bonds forming internal air cavities. When foamed the polymer sections are destroyed under compression, it results in the loss of enclosed volume of air voids. This changes the total volume and thickness of the material, which defines some physical and thermal properties of products made of such material. Hydrostatic pressure environments have their own specific features. Rheological properties of soft polymers in a hydrostatic pressure environment give rise to a composite effect of compression deformation. The study of recent developments in the research into polymer deformations in a hydrostatic pressure environment shows that it is difficult to record the stages of reversible and nonreversible compression deformation in near-real experimental simulation of diving operations. The paper presents the developments and findings of experimental design studies for a product (wetsuit) made of foamed materials that were conducted in a hydrostatic pressure environment in an enclosed volume using special Drucktank equipment by the Marine Engineering Department of the University of Rostock

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12

Hołyst, Robert. "Soft Matter, Volume 1: Polymer melts and mixtures." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 207, no. 20 (October 24, 2006): 1905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.200600433.

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13

Tu, Deyu, Stefano Pagliara, Andrea Camposeo, Giovanni Potente, Elisa Mele, Roberto Cingolani, and Dario Pisignano. "Soft Nanolithography by Polymer Fibers." Advanced Functional Materials 21, no. 6 (March 1, 2011): 1140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201001901.

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14

Lytle, Tyler K., and Charles E. Sing. "Correction: Transfer matrix theory of polymer complex coacervation." Soft Matter 15, no. 44 (2019): 9157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sm90224d.

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15

Hassani, Vahid, Hamid Ahmad Mehrabi, Carl Gregg, Roger William O'Brien, Iñigo Flores Ituarte, and Tegoeh Tjahjowidodo. "Multi-Material Composition Optimization vs Software-Based Single-Material Topology Optimization of a Rectangular Sample under Flexural Load for Fused Deposition Modeling Process." Materials Science Forum 1042 (August 10, 2021): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1042.23.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have been evolved over the last decade, enabling engineers and researchers to improve functionalities of parts by introducing a growing technology known as multi-material AM. In this context, fused deposition modeling (FDM) process has been modified to create multi-material 3D printed objects with higher functionality. The new technology enables it to combine several types of polymers with hard and soft constituents to make a 3D printed part with improved mechanical properties and functionalities. Knowing this capability, this paper aims to present a parametric optimization method using a genetic algorithm (GA) to find the optimum composition of hard polymer as polylactic acid (PLA) and soft polymer as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU 95A) used in Ultimaker 3D printer for making a rectangular sample under flexural load in order to minimize the von Mises stress as an objective function. These samples are initially presented in four deferent forms in terms of composition of hard and soft polymers and then, after the optimization process, the final ratio of each type of material will be achieved. Based on the volume fraction of soft polymers in each sample, the equivalent topologically-optimized samples will be obtained that are solely made of single-material PLA as hard polymer under the same flexural load as applied to multi-material samples. Finally, the structural results and manufacturability in terms of the generated support structures, as key element of some AM processes, will be compared for the resultant samples created by two methods of optimization.

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16

Wang, Shu, Zhen Li, and Wenxiao Pan. "Correction: Implicit-solvent coarse-grained modeling for polymer solutions via Mori–Zwanzig formalism." Soft Matter 15, no. 38 (2019): 7733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sm90180a.

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17

Morozova, Tatiana I., and Arash Nikoubashman. "Surface Activity of Soft Polymer Colloids." Langmuir 35, no. 51 (December 2019): 16907–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03202.

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18

DeFelice, Jeffrey, and Jane E. G. Lipson. "Correction: The influence of additives on polymer matrix mobility and the glass transition." Soft Matter 17, no. 43 (2021): 9985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sm90195h.

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19

Aryanfar, Asghar, Sajed Medlej, Ali Tarhini, and Ali R. Tehrani B. "Correction: Elliptic percolation model for predicting the electrical conductivity of graphene–polymer composites." Soft Matter 17, no. 20 (2021): 5258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sm90089g.

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Correction for ‘Elliptic percolation model for predicting the electrical conductivity of graphene–polymer composites’ by Asghar Aryanfar et al., Soft Matter, 2021, 17, 2081–2089, DOI: 10.1039/D0SM01950J.

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20

Sabattié, Elise F. D., Jos Tasche, Mark R. Wilson, Maximilian W. A. Skoda, Arwel Hughes, Torsten Lindner, and Richard L. Thompson. "Correction: Predicting oligomer/polymer compatibility and the impact on nanoscale segregation in thin films." Soft Matter 14, no. 28 (2018): 5936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm90116c.

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21

Liu, Wei, Xiangjun Gong, To Ngai, and Chi Wu. "Near-surface microrheology reveals dynamics and viscoelasticity of soft matter." Soft Matter 14, no. 48 (2018): 9764–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm01886c.

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We report the development of a microrheology technique that incorporates a magnetic-field-induced simulator on total internal reflection microscopy (TIRM) to probe the near-surface dynamics and viscoelastic behaviors of soft matter like polymer solution/gels and colloidal dispersions.

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22

Ahmed, Sk Faruque, Geon-Ho Rho, Kwang-Ryeol Lee, Ashkan Vaziri, and Myoung-Woon Moon. "High aspect ratio wrinkles on a soft polymer." Soft Matter 6, no. 22 (2010): 5709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0sm00386g.

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23

Leung, Kar Man, Greg Wanger, Qiuquan Guo, Yuri Gorby, Gordon Southam, Woon Ming Lau, and Jun Yang. "Bacterial nanowires: conductive as silicon, soft as polymer." Soft Matter 7, no. 14 (2011): 6617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1sm05611e.

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24

Vu, Hoang Yen, and A. N. Zyablov. "Application of MIP-sensors to the determination of preservatives in non-alcoholic drinks." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 88, no. 8 (August 21, 2022): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2022-88-8-10-16.

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The piezosensors modified with a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) with potassium sorbate (MIP-E202) and sodium benzoate (MIP-E211) imprints are tested and implemented in the determination of preservatives in soft drinks. Molecularly imprinted polymers were synthesized by noncovalent imprinting on the base of copolymer of 1,2,4,5-benzene tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and 4,4’-diaminodiphenyl oxide in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) in the presence of templates. Piezoelectric sensors based on MIP and non-imprinted polymer (polyimide) were compared. High values of the imprinting factor (IF) and selectivity coefficient (k) obtained for MIP-E202 (IF = 5.4) and MIP-E211 (IF = 6.0) sensors indicated better selectivity and ability of MIP-based sensors to recognize target molecules than piezosensors modified with a reference polymer. The detectable concentrations range within 5 – 500 mg/liter, the detection limits for potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate are 1.6 and 2.0 mg/liter, respectively. Correctness of the preservative determination in model solutions was verified using the spike test. MIP-based sensors appeared sensitive to the preservative determination and insensitive to interfering substances. The matrix composition of the non-alcoholic drinks did not affect the value of the analytical signal of the piezoelectric sensor. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used as a reference method. The results of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate determination in non-alcoholic drinks using piezosensors match the HPLC data rather well, their content in the studied soft drinks being 130 – 176 and 129 – 146 mg/liter, respectively.

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25

Kumar, Kamlesh, Albertus P. H. J. Schenning, Dirk J. Broer, and Danqing Liu. "Regulating the modulus of a chiral liquid crystal polymer network by light." Soft Matter 12, no. 13 (2016): 3196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6sm00114a.

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26

Guha, Rishabh D., Ogheneovo Idolor, Katherine Berkowitz, Melissa Pasquinelli, and Landon R. Grace. "Correction: Exploring secondary interactions and the role of temperature in moisture-contaminated polymer networks through molecular simulations." Soft Matter 17, no. 22 (2021): 5633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sm90100a.

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Correction for ‘Exploring secondary interactions and the role of temperature in moisture-contaminated polymer networks through molecular simulations’ by Rishabh D. Guha et al., Soft Matter, 2021, 17, 2942–2956, DOI: 10.1039/D0SM02009E.

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27

Likos, C. N., C. Mayer, E. Stiakakis, and G. Petekidis. "Clustering of soft colloids due to polymer additives." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 17, no. 45 (October 28, 2005): S3363—S3369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/17/45/023.

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28

Aymonier, Agnès, and Eric Papon. "Designing Soft Reactive Adhesives by Controlling Polymer Chemistry." MRS Bulletin 28, no. 6 (June 2003): 424–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2003.122.

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AbstractSoft reactive adhesives (SRAs) are polymer-based materials (e.g., polyurethanes, polysiloxanes, polydienes) designed to be further vulcanized or slightly cross-linked through external activation (heat, moisture, oxygen, UV–visible irradiation, etc.), either at the time of their application or within a subsequent predefined period. They are used mainly as mastics, or sealing compounds, in a wide range of industrial and commercial fields such as construction, footwear, and the automotive industry. Generally deposited as thick films, SRAs behave as structural adhesives; their low elastic moduli accommodate large strains between the bonded parts without incurring permanent damage. Other outstanding attributes of SRAs are their resistance to solvents, their ability to withstand aggressive environments, and their ease of use. This article discusses examples of SRAs and, more specifically, shows how the cross-linking chemistry, mainly through step-growth polymerization, provides their primary advantages.

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29

Kuttich, Björn, Ingo Hoffmann, and Bernd Stühn. "Disentangling of complex polymer dynamics under soft nanoscopic confinement." Soft Matter 16, no. 45 (2020): 10377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sm01058h.

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PEG confined to the core of a droplet phase microemulsion is located at the water/surfactant interface. Neutron spin echo spectroscopy allows to disentangle polymer from droplet dynamics. Under large confinement sizes accelerated dynamics are found.

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30

Boire, Adeline, Denis Renard, Antoine Bouchoux, Stéphane Pezennec, Thomas Croguennec, Valérie Lechevalier, Cécile Le Floch-Fouéré, Saïd Bouhallab, and Paul Menut. "Soft-Matter Approaches for Controlling Food Protein Interactions and Assembly." Annual Review of Food Science and Technology 10, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 521–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-032818-121907.

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Animal- and plant-based proteins are present in a wide variety of raw and processed foods. They play an important role in determining the final structure of food matrices. Food proteins are diverse in terms of their biological origin, molecular structure, and supramolecular assembly. This diversity has led to segmented experimental studies that typically focus on one or two proteins but hinder a more general understanding of food protein structuring as a whole. In this review, we propose a unified view of how soft-matter physics can be used to control food protein assembly. We discuss physical models from polymer and colloidal science that best describe and predict the phase behavior of proteins. We explore the occurrence of phase transitions along two axes: increasing protein concentration and increasing molecular attraction. This review provides new perspectives on the link between the interactions, phase transitions, and assembly of proteins that can help in designing new food products and innovative food processing operations.

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31

Zhang, Hao, Yue Tang, Junhu Zhang, Minjie Li, Xi Yao, Xiao Li, and Bai Yang. "Manipulation of semiconductor nanocrystal growth in polymer soft solids." Soft Matter 5, no. 21 (2009): 4113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b914213d.

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32

KHURI, RAMZI R. "BLACK HOLES AND STRINGS: THE POLYMER LINK." Modern Physics Letters A 13, no. 17 (June 7, 1998): 1407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732398001479.

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Quantum aspects of black holes represent an important testing ground for a theory of quantum gravity. The recent success of string theory in reproducing the Bekenstein–Hawking black hole entropy formula provides a link between general relativity and quantum mechanics via thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. Here we speculate on the existence of new and unexpected links between black holes and polymers and other soft-matter systems.

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33

Cai, Li-Heng. "Molecular understanding for large deformations of soft bottlebrush polymer networks." Soft Matter 16, no. 27 (2020): 6259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sm00759e.

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34

Deplace, Fanny, Michael A. Rabjohns, Tetsuo Yamaguchi, Andrew B. Foster, Clara Carelli, Chun-Hong Lei, Keltoum Ouzineb, Joseph L. Keddie, Peter A. Lovell, and Costantino Creton. "Deformation and adhesion of a periodic soft–soft nanocomposite designed with structured polymer colloid particles." Soft Matter 5, no. 7 (2009): 1440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b815292f.

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35

Pandey, Ashish, Sivan Tzadka, Dor Yehuda, and Mark Schvartzman. "Soft thermal nanoimprint with a 10 nm feature size." Soft Matter 15, no. 13 (2019): 2897–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm02590h.

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We explore the miniaturization edge of soft nanoimprint molds, and demonstrate their feasibility to ultra-high resolution patterning of polymer films on planar and curved substrates, as well as of chalcogenide glasses.

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36

Kong, Y. P., L. Tan, S. W. Pang, and A. F. Yee. "Stacked polymer patterns imprinted using a soft inkpad." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 22, no. 4 (July 2004): 1873–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.1756882.

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37

Lo Verso, Federica, José A. Pomposo, J. Colmenero, and Angel J. Moreno. "Multi-orthogonal folding of single polymer chains into soft nanoparticles." Soft Matter 10, no. 27 (2014): 4813–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sm00459k.

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Typical topologies of cross-linked nanoparticles are obtained by orthogonal folding of single chain polymer precursors. The number of different chemical species of the cross-linkers is 4 (top) and 6 (bottom). Dark blue beads correspond to inactive monomers. Beads of other colours correspond to the reactive linkers (a different colour for each chemical species, note the pairs of bonded linkers).

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38

Ferron, Thomas, Devin Grabner, Terry McAfee, and Brian Collins. "Absolute intensity calibration for carbon-edge soft X-ray scattering." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 27, no. 6 (September 16, 2020): 1601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577520011066.

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Resonant soft X-ray scattering (RSOXS) has become a premier probe to study complex three-dimensional nanostructures in soft matter through combining the robust structural characterization of small-angle scattering with the chemical sensitivity of spectroscopy. This technique borrows many of its analysis methods from alternative small-angle scattering measurements that utilize contrast variation, but thus far RSOXS has been unable to reliably achieve an absolute scattering intensity required for quantitative analysis of domain compositions, volume fraction, or interfacial structure. Here, a novel technique to calibrate RSOXS to an absolute intensity at the carbon absorption edge is introduced. It is shown that the X-ray fluorescence from a thin polymer film can be utilized as an angle-independent scattering standard. Verification of absolute intensity is then accomplished through measuring the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter in a phase-mixed polymer melt. The necessary steps for users to reproduce this intensity calibration in their own experiments to improve the scientific output from RSOXS measurements are discussed.

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39

Willner, Lutz, Reidar Lund, Michael Monkenbusch, Olaf Holderer, Juan Colmenero, and Dieter Richter. "Polymer dynamics under soft confinement in a self-assembled system." Soft Matter 6, no. 7 (2010): 1559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b922649d.

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40

Ami, Yoshimichi. "Formation of polymer microneedle arrays using soft lithography." Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 011503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.3553393.

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41

Borin, Dmitry. "Targeted patterning of magnetic microparticles in a polymer composite." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, no. 2171 (April 13, 2020): 20190256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0256.

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Structured and polymerized in a uniform external magnetic field, polymer composites based on magnetic soft microparticles are considered. Variations of magnetic field parameters and material composition provide a possibility of targeted micro-structural patterning of these composites. The influences of parameter variations on the resulting internal micro-structure of the low concentrated specimens are evaluated and visualized using optical microscopy and microcomputed tomography. The experimental findings are discussed in order to provide advanced possibilities of controlled patterning of soft magnetic materials. It is experimentally demonstrated that the final three-dimensional morphology of composite structure is determined mainly by the concentration of magnetic powder. The intensity of the applied magnetic field influences the rate of structuring of particles in initially viscous media and, therefore, may provide a potential opportunity to obtain non-ergodic microstructures when the matrix is polymerized before the particles have completed the structuring process. The results obtained can serve as a basis for further development of the engineering method of targeted patterning. The method is intended to obtain a material with the desired microstructure by selecting specific parameters of external stimuli and components of the composite. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Patterns in soft and biological matters’.

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42

Sánchez, Pedro A., Oleg V. Stolbov, Sofia S. Kantorovich, and Yuriy L. Raikher. "Modeling the magnetostriction effect in elastomers with magnetically soft and hard particles." Soft Matter 15, no. 36 (2019): 7145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sm00827f.

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We analyze theoretically the field-induced microstructural deformations in a hybrid elastomer that consists of a polymer matrix filled with a mixture of magnetically soft and magnetically hard spherical microparticles.

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43

Farhan, Tamer, Omar Azzaroni, and Wilhelm T. S. Huck. "AFM study of cationically charged polymer brushes: switching between soft and hard matter." Soft Matter 1, no. 1 (2005): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b502421h.

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44

Nadzharyan, T. A., O. V. Stolbov, Yu L. Raikher, and E. Yu Kramarenko. "Field-induced surface deformation of magnetoactive elastomers with anisometric fillers: a single-particle model." Soft Matter 15, no. 46 (2019): 9507–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sm02090j.

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Surface relief of magnetoactive elastomers (MAEs) based on soft polymer matrices filled with anisometric magnetically hard fillers is studied theoretically in magnetic fields applied perpendicular to the MAE surface.

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Xu, Yangguang, Xinglong Gong, and Shouhu Xuan. "Soft magnetorheological polymer gels with controllable rheological properties." Smart Materials and Structures 22, no. 7 (June 21, 2013): 075029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/22/7/075029.

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Tran-Ba, Khanh-Hoa, and Kathryn Foreman. "Single-molecule tracking of dye diffusion in synthetic polymers: A tutorial review." Journal of Applied Physics 133, no. 10 (March 14, 2023): 101101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0139719.

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Single-molecule tracking (SMT) methods have been widely employed to offer a high-resolution characterization of synthetic polymers under ambient conditions and, thus, have advanced our understanding of their unique material properties. SMT is based on the systematic monitoring of the diffusive motions of individual fluorescent dye molecules in the as-prepared polymer thin films or thicker monoliths. Quantitative assessment of the recorded SMT video data involves the systematic analysis of the generated diffusion trajectories of a single molecule using well-established and reported methods. The results have offered a wealth of new information on the structural alignment, orientational order, and long-range continuity of the polymer microdomains; the nanoscale material heterogeneities governed by defects, misalignment, and ill-controlled preparation conditions; as well as the various forms of probe–host interactions on the single-molecule level. In the first part of this Tutorial review, we describe the fundamental principles and instrumentation of SMT, before offering interested readers and potential future SMT users a practical guidance on the selection of fluorescent probe molecules, preparation of suitable samples, and optimization of experimental conditions and imaging parameters. Then, we highlight several representative SMT studies in microphase-separated block copolymers, and semicrystalline and amorphous homopolymers to further emphasize the usefulness of SMT methods for polymer characterization without neglecting some of their shortcomings. This Tutorial review is written with the motivation to attract new researchers to the fast-growing field and assist them in starting their own SMT research of synthetic polymers and other technologically useful soft matter systems.

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Aubry, Thierry, Louis Blonce, and Michel Moan. "Gap Effects in a Rheometrical Flow of a Hydrophobically Associating Polymer Solution: Apparent Slip or Material Instability?" Applied Rheology 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arh-2000-0003.

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Abstract In this paper, we study gap effects and apparent slip phenomena in a torsional flow of a moderately concentrated hydrophobically modified associative polymer solution.Slip is investigated by varying the gap between concentric parallel disks, and the plate surface roughness.The onset of apparent slip is shown to occur when the associative network is destroyed, and the slip velocity to increase with increased shear stresses in the strong shear-thinning region of the flow curve.The apparent slip phenomenon is shown to be due to the associative character of the polymer solution; it has been attributed to the existence of clusters of associating polymers (microgels),which behave like soft particles in a low viscous dispersing medium once the associative network is destroyed.Apparent slip can be eliminated by using measuring plates with roughness of about 100µm, that is of the order of the characteristic size of the microgels.

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Kuznetsov, N. M., E. P. Banin, A. E. Krupnin, S. V. Krasheninnikov, I. A. Chichaev, A. V. Koroteev, T. E. Grigoriev, and S. N. Chvalun. "Electroresponsive Materials for Soft Robotics." Nanobiotechnology Reports 18, no. 2 (April 2023): 189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2635167623700039.

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Abstract The review considers the main approaches to the development of structural and active elements for actuators in soft robotics. An analysis of publications in the field of recent achievements in electroresponsive polymer materials operating on the principles of Maxwell pressure and electrostriction is provided. The main problems of the development of locomotor elements for soft robotics in terms of the design and structural analysis of actuators, and methods of activating the locomotor function, are noted. Moreover, some issues related to promising materials for soft robotics and methods for their production are considered. Great emphasis in the review is placed on an integrated approach and modern methods in the study of materials, including the use of mega-science facilities. Modern technological approaches to the design and manufacturing of soft-robotic devices are outlined. Appropriate analytical and numerical methods that allow relevant material models to be obtained for a comprehensive description of the behavior of actuators for soft robotics are considered. An overview of the functional prototypes of soft robots, designed according to the principle of nature-likeness, with active elements made of electroresponsive polymer materials is presented.

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Gleeson, Helen F., Harry Liu, Sarabjot Kaur, Shajeth Srigengan, V. Görtz, Richard Mandle, and John E. Lydon. "Self-assembling, macroscopically oriented, polymer filaments; a doubly nematic organogel." Soft Matter 14, no. 45 (2018): 9159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm01638k.

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A mixture of 10% of a bent-core liquid crystal in 5CB self-assembles into a soft solid with both gel- and polymer-like properties. The nanoscale structure with filaments aligned by the nematic environment, is remarkably similar to self-assembled structures in chitin and collagen.

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PUNANTAPONG, BOONYONG. "FINITE DEFORMATION BEHAVIOR OF A SOFT POLYMER COATING ADHERING TO TITANIUM ALLOY (TI6AL4V)." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 01n02 (January 20, 2010): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210064034.

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This article presents the experimental methodology which elucidates the stress-state dependency of the deformation behavior of a soft polymer coating adhering to titanium alloy ( Ti 6 Al 4 V ). The methodology included in situ observations of the evolution of the deformation behavior of elastic film and a rigid substrate under a micro-indenter. The tip of indenter is driven to the polymer film coating at constant displacement rate until interfacial fracture is observed. However, the stress and strain fields which develop in the coating during penetration have been calculated using finite element analysis. For the experimental results, the interfacial stresses are affected by the constraint of the rigid substrate. When the crack was constant, the region in which the stress field increased with time. In addition, the maximum shear stress and the initiation of the interfacial crack were in this region. Furthermore, the high interfacial shear stresses are distributed over a large radial distance, which lead to the fracture initiation in the region of interface.

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