Journal articles: 'Soft Material Mechanics'

1

Liu, Qin, Shu Cai Li, Li Ping Li, Yan Zhao, and Xiao Shuai Yuan. "Development of Geomechanical Model Similar Material for Soft Rock Tunnels." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 2249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.2249.

Full text

Abstract:

Liangshui Tunnel of Lanzhou-Chongqing railway and Tianpingshan Tunnel of Guiyang-Guangzhou railway are the background work. Combining the construction process mechanics of soft rock, uniaxial compressive test, Brazilian test and direct shear test under different material proportion are carried out. After comparing and analyzing the basic physical and mechanical parameters of original rock and model materials, the similar materials for soft rock tunnel are attained. The effect of component proportion on material properties is analyzed. These results provide reliable material guarantee for model test of construction process mechanics in soft rock tunnels.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Fennell, Eanna, and Jacques M. Huyghe. "Chemically Responsive Hydrogel Deformation Mechanics: A Review." Molecules 24, no. 19 (September 28, 2019): 3521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193521.

Full text

Abstract:

A hydrogel is a polymeric three-dimensional network structure. The applications of this material type are diversified over a broad range of fields. Their soft nature and similarity to natural tissue allows for their use in tissue engineering, medical devices, agriculture, and industrial health products. However, as the demand for such materials increases, the need to understand the material mechanics is paramount across all fields. As a result, many attempts to numerically model the swelling and drying of chemically responsive hydrogels have been published. Material characterization of the mechanical properties of a gel bead under osmotic loading is difficult. As a result, much of the literature has implemented variants of swelling theories. Therefore, this article focuses on reviewing the current literature and outlining the numerical models of swelling hydrogels as a result of exposure to chemical stimuli. Furthermore, the experimental techniques attempting to quantify bulk gel mechanics are summarized. Finally, an overview on the mechanisms governing the formation of geometric surface instabilities during transient swelling of soft materials is provided.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Roche, Ellen T., Robert Wohlfarth, Johannes T. B. Overvelde, Nikolay V. Vasilyev, Frank A. Pigula, David J. Mooney, Katia Bertoldi, and Conor J. Walsh. "A Bioinspired Soft Actuated Material." Advanced Materials 26, no. 8 (November 8, 2013): 1200–1206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201304018.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Moraes, Christopher. "Between a rock and a soft place: recent progress in understanding matrix mechanics." Integrative Biology 7, no. 7 (2015): 736–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ib90025e.

Full text

Abstract:

The mechanical properties of a cell's surrounding environment play a critical role in modulating cell function. We highlight recent advances in novel technologies, material design strategies, and bioanalytical approaches that have shed new light on the complex interplay between materials, mechanics and biological function.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Deaconescu, Tudor, and Andrea Deaconescu. "Study on Waterjet Machining of Soft Material Components." Applied Mechanics and Materials 834 (April 2016): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.834.132.

Full text

Abstract:

Modern industry increasingly deploys waterjet machining of materials, a technology based on extremely complex and at times difficult to explain phenomena. Aimed at elucidating certain aspects of the cutting mechanics of waterjet machining, the paper presents the calculation and discusses the penetration depth of the water drops into the part material and the necessary working pressures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Spagnoli, Andrea, Michele Terzano, Roberto Brighenti, Federico Artoni, and Andrea Carpinteri. "How Soft Polymers Cope with Cracks and Notches." Applied Sciences 9, no. 6 (March 14, 2019): 1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9061086.

Full text

Abstract:

Soft matter denotes a large category of materials showing unique properties, resulting from a low elastic modulus, a very high deformation capability, time-dependent mechanical behavior, and a peculiar mechanics of damage and fracture. The flaw tolerance, commonly understood as the ability of a given material to withstand external loading in the presence of a defect, is certainly one of the most noticeable attributes. This feature results from a complex and highly entangled microstructure, where the mechanical response to external loading is mainly governed by entropic-related effects. In the present paper, the flaw tolerance of soft elastomeric polymers, subjected to large deformation, is investigated experimentally. In particular, we consider the tensile response of thin plates made of different silicone rubbers, containing defects of various severity at different scales. Full-field strain maps are acquired by means of the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique. The experimental results are interpreted by accounting for the blunting of the defects due to large deformation in the material. The effect of blunting is interpreted in terms of reduction of the stress concentration factor generated by the defect, and failure is compared to that of traditional crystalline brittle materials.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Millereau, Pierre, Etienne Ducrot, Jess M. Clough, Meredith E. Wiseman, Hugh R. Brown, Rint P. Sijbesma, and Costantino Creton. "Mechanics of elastomeric molecular composites." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 37 (August 28, 2018): 9110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1807750115.

Full text

Abstract:

A classic paradigm of soft and extensible polymer materials is the difficulty of combining reversible elasticity with high fracture toughness, in particular for moduli above 1 MPa. Our recent discovery of multiple network acrylic elastomers opened a pathway to obtain precisely such a combination. We show here that they can be seen as true molecular composites with a well–cross-linked network acting as a percolating filler embedded in an extensible matrix, so that the stress–strain curves of a family of molecular composite materials made with different volume fractions of the same cross-linked network can be renormalized into a master curve. For low volume fractions (<3%) of cross-linked network, we demonstrate with mechanoluminescence experiments that the elastomer undergoes a strong localized softening due to scission of covalent bonds followed by a stable necking process, a phenomenon never observed before in elastomers. The quantification of the emitted luminescence shows that the damage in the material occurs in two steps, with a first step where random bond breakage occurs in the material accompanied by a moderate level of dissipated energy and a second step where a moderate level of more localized bond scission leads to a much larger level of dissipated energy. This combined use of mechanical macroscopic testing and molecular bond scission data provides unprecedented insight on how tough soft materials can damage and fail.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Zhang, Qiang Yong, Wei Shen Zhu, Yong Li, and X. H. Guo. "Development of New-Type Similar Materials of Geomechanics Models Test for Geotechnical Engineering." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 1781–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.1781.

Full text

Abstract:

Geomechanics model test can simulate the real excavation process of geotechnical engineering and the mechanics deformation properties of the rockmass prototype on the condition of meeting the similar principles. In order to conducting geomechanics model test, similar material which can meet similar mechanical properties must be used. It is only after conducting a massive mechanics experiments that a new-type similar materials called iron crystal sand is developed in this paper. This material consists of iron ore powder, blanc fix, quartz sand, gypsum powder and rosin alcohol solution which are evenly mixed in certain proportion and pressed together. The iron ore powder, blanc fix and quartz sand among them are main materials. The rosin alcohol solution is the cementing agent and gypsum powder the regulator. The material mechanics experiments show that this material has following outstanding characteristics: high volume-weight, wide variable mechanical parameters, stable performance, low price, quick drying, simple processing and innocuity. It can simulate most rockmass material from soft to hard ones and can be widely used in geomechanics model tests in fields of energy sources, transportation, water conservancy and mining.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Ionescu, Irina, James E. Guilkey, Martin Berzins, Robert M. Kirby, and Jeffrey A. Weiss. "Simulation of Soft Tissue Failure Using the Material Point Method." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 128, no. 6 (June 19, 2006): 917–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2372490.

Full text

Abstract:

Understanding the factors that control the extent of tissue damage as a result of material failure in soft tissues may provide means to improve diagnosis and treatment of soft tissue injuries. The objective of this research was to develop and test a computational framework for the study of the failure of anisotropic soft tissues subjected to finite deformation. An anisotropic constitutive model incorporating strain-based failure criteria was implemented in an existing computational solid mechanics software based on the material point method (MPM), a quasi-meshless particle method for simulations in computational mechanics. The constitutive model and the strain-based failure formulations were tested using simulations of simple shear and tensile mechanical tests. The model was then applied to investigate a scenario of a penetrating injury: a low-speed projectile was released through a myocardial material slab. Sensitivity studies were performed to establish the necessary grid resolution and time-step size. Results of the simple shear and tensile test simulations demonstrated the correct implementation of the constitutive model and the influence of both fiber family and matrix failure on predictions of overall tissue failure. The slab penetration simulations produced physically realistic wound tracts, exhibiting diameter increase from entrance to exit. Simulations examining the effect of bullet initial velocity showed that the anisotropy influenced the shape and size of the exit wound more at lower velocities. Furthermore, the size and taper of the wound cavity was smaller for the higher bullet velocity. It was concluded that these effects were due to the amount of momentum transfer. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using MPM and the associated failure model for large-scale numerical simulations of soft tissue failure.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

LIANG, W., D. FANG, and Y. SHEN. "Mode I crack in a soft ferromagnetic material." Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 25, no. 5 (May 2002): 519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-2695.2002.00511.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Ghahfarokhi, Zahra Matin, Mehdi Salmani-Tehrani, and Mahdi Moghimi Zand. "Nonlinear Thermohyperviscoelastic Constitutive Model for Soft Materials with Strain Rate and Temperature Dependency." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 12, no. 06 (July 2020): 2050059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825120500593.

Full text

Abstract:

Soft materials, such as polymeric materials and biological tissues, often exhibit strain rate and temperature-dependent behavior when subjected to external loads. To characterize the thermomechanical behavior of isotropic soft material, a thermohyperviscoelastic constitutive model has been developed through an additive decomposition of strain energy function into elastic and viscous parts. A three-term generalized Rivlin strain energy function is utilized to formulate the hyperelastic part of the model, while a new viscous potential function is proposed to describe the effect of strain rate and temperature on material behavior. Toward this end, a new procedure has been proposed to determine the viscous mechanical properties as a function of strain-rate and temperature. Comparing with the previously published experimental data for linear low-density polyethylene reveals that the proposed model can sufficiently capture the nonlinearity, rate- and temperature-dependent behavior of the soft materials.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Yang, Weizhu, Zongzhan Gao, Zhufeng Yue, Xiaodong Li, and Baoxing Xu. "Hard-particle rotation enabled soft–hard integrated auxetic mechanical metamaterials." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 475, no. 2228 (August 2019): 20190234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2019.0234.

Full text

Abstract:

An auxetic design is proposed by soft–hard material integration and demonstrate negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) can be achieved by leveraging unique rotation features of non-connected hard particles in a soft matrix. A theoretical mechanics framework that describes rotation of hard particles in a soft matrix under a mechanical loading is incorporated with overall Poisson's ratio of the soft–hard integrated metamaterials. The theoretical analysis shows that the auxetic behaviour of the soft–hard integrated structures not only relies critically on geometry of particles, but also depends on their periodic arrangements in the soft matrix. Extensive finite-element analyses (FEA) are performed and validate the theoretical predictions of hard-particle rotation and overall Poisson's ratio of soft–hard integrated structures. Furthermore, uniaxial tensile tests are carried out on three-dimensional printed soft–hard integrated structures and confirm auxetic behaviour of soft–hard integrated structures enabled by the rotation of hard particles. Besides, Poisson's ratio varies nonlinearly with the thickness of specimens and reaches a maximum NPR far out of the bounds of plane stress and plane strain situations, which agrees well with FEA. This work provides a theoretical foundation for the design of mechanical metamaterials enabled by soft–hard material integration with auxetic deformation behaviour.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Natarajan, Elango, Muhammad Rusydi Muhammad Razif, AAM Faudzi, and Palanikumar K. "Evaluation of a Suitable Material for Soft Actuator Through Experiments and FE Simulations." International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 2 (April 2020): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.2020040104.

Full text

Abstract:

Soft actuators are generally built to achieve extension, contraction, curling, or bending motions needed for robotic or medical applications. It is prepared with a cylindrical tube, braided with fibers that restrict the radial motion and produce the extension, contraction, or bending. The actuation is achieved through the input of compressed air with a different pressure. The stiffness of the materials controls the magnitude of the actuation. In the present study, Silastic-P1 silicone RTV and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) with reinforced silicone are considered for the evaluation. The dumbbell samples are prepared from both materials as per ASTM D412-06a (ISO 37) standard and their corresponding tensile strength, elongation at break, and tensile modulus are measured. The Ogden nonlinear material constants of respective materials are estimated and used further in the finite element analysis of extension, contraction, and bending soft actuators. It is observed that silicone RTV is better in high strain and fast response, whereas, silicone/MWCNT is better at achieving high actuation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Both, J. W., N. A. Barnafi, F. A. Radu, P. Zunino, and A. Quarteroni. "Iterative splitting schemes for a soft material poromechanics model." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 388 (January 2022): 114183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2021.114183.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Nelson, Arif Z. "The Soft Matter Kitchen: Improving the accessibility of rheology education and outreach through food materials." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 3 (March 2022): 031801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0083887.

Full text

Abstract:

Foods can serve as a universal route for the understanding and appreciation of rheologically complex materials. The Soft Matter Kitchen is an educational outreach project started during the COVID-19 pandemic that leverages food recipes and experiments that can be carried out at home to discuss concepts in soft matter and rheology. This educational article showcases two representative outreach demonstrations developed by The Soft Matter Kitchen with detailed instructions for reproduction by a presenter. The first demonstration introduces the concept of complex materials to clarify the definition of rheology by comparing the flow behavior of whipped cream and honey. The second demonstration introduces the concept of material microstructure affecting material properties and macroscale behavior using a simple experiment with cheesecake. By grounding the presentation of this knowledge in food materials with which the audience likely already has experience, the goals of this project are to accelerate the understanding of rheological concepts, increase awareness of rheology in everyday life, and promote the development of intuition for rheologically complex materials.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Lee, Han-Joo, and Kenneth J. Loh. "Soft material actuation by atomization." Smart Materials and Structures 28, no. 2 (January 21, 2019): 025030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/aaf5a1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Khatib, Muhammad, Orr Zohar, and Hossam Haick. "Self‐Healing Soft Sensors: From Material Design to Implementation." Advanced Materials 33, no. 11 (February 2, 2021): 2004190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.202004190.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Estrada, Jonathan B., Carlos Barajas, David L. Henann, Eric Johnsen, and Christian Franck. "High strain-rate soft material characterization via inertial cavitation." Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 112 (March 2018): 291–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2017.12.006.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Holten-Andersen, Niels, Aditya Jaishankar, Matthew J. Harrington, Dominic E. Fullenkamp, Genevieve DiMarco, Lihong He, Gareth H. McKinley, Phillip B. Messersmith, and Ka Yee C. Lee. "Metal-coordination: using one of nature's tricks to control soft material mechanics." J. Mater. Chem. B 2, no. 17 (2014): 2467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3tb21374a.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Belcher, Calvin H., Baolong Zheng, Benjamin E. MacDonald, Eric D. Langlois, Benjamin Lehman, Charles Pearce, Robert Delaney, Diran Apelian, Enrique J. Lavernia, and Todd C. Monson. "The role of microstructural evolution during spark plasma sintering on the soft magnetic and electronic properties of a CoFe–Al2O3 soft magnetic composite." Journal of Materials Science 57, no. 9 (February 28, 2022): 5518–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-022-06997-0.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractFor transformers and inductors to meet the world’s growing demand for electrical power, more efficient soft magnetic materials with high saturation magnetic polarization and high electrical resistivity are needed. This work aimed at the development of a soft magnetic composite synthesized via spark plasma sintering with both high saturation magnetic polarization and high electrical resistivity for efficient soft magnetic cores. CoFe powder particles coated with an insulating layer of Al2O3 were used as feedstock material to improve the electrical resistivity while retaining high saturation magnetic polarization. By maintaining a continuous non-magnetic Al2O3 phase throughout the material, both a high saturation magnetic polarization, above 1.5 T, and high electrical resistivity, above 100 μΩ·m, were achieved. Through microstructural characterization of samples consolidated at various temperatures, the role of microstructural evolution on the magnetic and electronic properties of the composite was elucidated. Upon consolidation at relatively high temperature, the CoFe was to found plastically deform and flow into the Al2O3 phase at the particle boundaries and this phenomenon was attributed to low resistivity in the composite. In contrast, at lower consolidation temperatures, perforation of the Al2O3 phase was not observed and a high electrical resistivity was achieved, while maintaining a high magnetic polarization, ideal for more efficient soft magnetic materials for transformers and inductors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Souadeuk, Anouar, and Zeineddine Boudaoud. "Reinforced Soft Soil by CSV with/without Polypropylene fibres: Experimental and Numerical analysis." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 16, no. 59 (December 22, 2021): 374–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3221/igf-esis.59.25.

Full text

Abstract:

Columns of mixed soil-sand-cement (CSV), is one of the most unknown used methods for soft soil stabilization that has not been studied before. To this end, in this paper, consolidated drained (CD) triaxial compression tests after have been cured for 28 days, were carried out to investigate the effectiveness of CSV, which is mainly used to reinforce soft soil. Then, the influence of soft soil content (25%, 50%, 75%) on materials of CSV with/without polypropylene (PP) fibers is established. The percentages of soft soils (50%, 75%) are experimentally doable and the remaining percentage (25%) was not successfully experimented; for this exact reason, an empirical formula is established based on the design of experiments (DOE) for calculating the soft soil’s characteristics. Then a numerical study using PLAXIS 3D is developed for studying the embankment building on soil which is reinforced by CSV. It is found that the efficacy of the reinforcement of the soft soil by CSV with/without PP fibers provides with satisfying results. Moreover, the less amount of soft soil on CSV materials the better for deviatoric stress, axial strain, the effective cohesion, the effective friction angle and modulus of elasticity E50. Additionally, when PP fibers is added to CSV material, experimental results were strongly affected. As far as the numerical study, the embankment building on the soil that is reinforced by the CSV shows an improvement in the level of displacement in the three directions, the total displacement and security factor. The variation of materials of CSV content with/without PP fibers, a diverse combination with a relatively lower effect can be easily remarked on the achieved results.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Dorfmann, Luis, and Ray W. Ogden. "Instabilities of soft dielectrics." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377, no. 2144 (March 18, 2019): 20180077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0077.

Full text

Abstract:

The basic modern theory of nonlinear electroelasticity and its use in the formulation of constitutive laws governing the behaviour of dielectric elastomer materials was summarized in a recent review article by Dorfmann & Ogden (Dorfmann & Ogden 2017 Proc. R. Soc. A 473 , 20170311 ( doi:10.1098/rspa.2017.0311 )). The theory is used, in particular, to analyse the behaviour of transducer devices such as actuators and sensors. Important considerations for the design and effective functioning of such devices are the issues of material and geometric instabilities. Following on from the above-cited work, the present paper provides a detailed account of the types of instabilities that arise for some of the geometries used in transducer devices and the theory that is adopted for the analysis of such instabilities. The theory is then used in two illustrative examples: (i) determination of instabilities of a thin electroelastic plate with flexible electrodes attached to its major surfaces, in particular comparison of the results for the so-called Hessian approach and a general incremental bifurcation analysis in respect of an equibiaxially stretched plate, with numerical results presented for a Gent electroelastic model; (ii) a general analysis of axi-symmetric bifurcation from a circular cylindrical configuration of a thin-walled tube of an electroelastic material with flexible electrodes on its curved surfaces, illustrated by numerical results for neo-Hookean and Gent electroelastic models. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Rivlin's legacy in continuum mechanics and applied mathematics’.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Lackner, J., L. Major, and M. Kot. "Microscale interpretation of tribological phenomena in Ti/TiN soft-hard multilayer coatings on soft austenite steel substrates." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences 59, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 343–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10175-011-0042-x.

Full text

Abstract:

Microscale interpretation of tribological phenomena in Ti/TiN soft-hard multilayer coatings on soft austenite steel substratesThe mechanical and tribological behavior of physical vapor deposited coatings on soft substrate materials gains increasing interest due to economical and environmental aspects - e.g. substitution of steels by light-weight metals or polymers in transport vehicles. Nevertheless, such soft materials require surface protection against wear in tribological contacts. Single layer hard coatings deposited at room temperature are brittle with a relatively poor adhesion. Therefore, they should be better substituted by tough multilayer coatings of soft-hard material combinations. However, the mechanics of such multilayer coatings with several 10 nm thick bilayer periods is difficult and yet not well described. The presented work tries to fill the gap of knowledge by focusing both on mechanical investigations of hardness, adhesion, and wear and on microscopic elucidation of deformation mechanisms. In the paper 1 μm thick Ti/TiN multilayer stacks were deposited by magnetron sputtering on soft austenitic steel substrates at room temperature to prevent distortion of functional components in future applications. High hardness was found for 8 and 16 bilayer films with modulation ratio Ti: TiN = 1:2 and 1:4. This was attributed (with use of transmission electron microscopy) to stopping the crack propagation in thin Ti layers of the multilayer systems by shear deformation combined with different fracture mechanisms in comparison with that for the TiN single layers (edge cracks at the border of the contact area and ring cracks outside, respectively).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Li, Jackie, Erik T. Thostenson, Tsu-Wei Chou, and Laura Riester. "An Investigation of Thin-Film Coating/Substrate Systems by Nanoindentation." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 120, no. 2 (April 1, 1998): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2807005.

Full text

Abstract:

The indentation load-displacement behavior of three material systems tested with a Berkovich indenter has been examined. The materials studied were the substrate materials—silicon and polycarbonate, and the coating/substrate systems—diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating on silicon, and DLC coating on polycarbonate. They represent three material systems, namely, bulk, soft-coating on hard-substrate, and hard-coating on soft-substrate. Delaminations in the soft-coating/hard-substrate (DLC/Si) system and cracking in the hard-coating/soft-substrate system (DLC/Polycarbonate) were observed. Parallel to the experimental work, an elastic analytical effort has been made to examine the influence of the film thickness and the properties of the coating/substrate systems. Comparisons between the experimental data and analytical solutions of the load-displacement curves during unloading show good agreement. The analytical solution also suggests that the Young’s modulus and hardness of the thin film can not be measured accurately using Sneddon’s solution for bulk materials when the thickness of the film is comparable to the loading contact radius of the indenter. The elastic stress field analysis provides a basis for understanding the experimentally observed delaminations and cracking of the coating/substrate systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Li, Guo-Yang, Zhao-Yi Zhang, Jialin Qian, Yang Zheng, Wenli Liu, Huijuan Wu, and Yanping Cao. "Mechanical characterization of functionally graded soft materials with ultrasound elastography." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377, no. 2144 (March 18, 2019): 20180075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0075.

Full text

Abstract:

Functionally graded soft materials (FGSMs) with microstructures and mechanical properties exhibiting gradients across a spatial volume to satisfy specific functions have received interests in recent years. How to characterize the mechanical properties of these FGSMs in vivo/in situ and/or in a non-destructive manner is a great challenge. This paper investigates the use of ultrasound elastography in the mechanical characterization of FGSMs. An efficient finite-element model was built to calculate the dispersion relation for surface waves in FGSMs. For FGSMs with large elastic gradients, the measured dispersion relation can be used to identify mechanical parameters. In the case where the elastic gradient is smaller than a certain critical value calculated here, our analysis on transient wave motion in FGSMs shows that the group velocities measured at different depths can infer the local mechanical properties. Experiments have been performed on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) cryogel to demonstrate the usefulness of the method. Our analysis and the results may not only find broad applications in mechanical characterization of FGSMs but also facilitate the use of shear wave elastography in clinics because many diseases change the local elastic properties of soft tissues and lead to different material gradients. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Rivlin's legacy in continuum mechanics and applied mathematics’.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Carter, Michael, Tony Amundson, Jacob Colvin, and James Sears. "Characterization of soft magnetic nano-material deposited with M3D technology." Journal of Materials Science 42, no. 5 (January 30, 2007): 1828–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0695-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Roche, Ellen T., Robert Wohlfarth, Johannes T. B. Overvelde, Nikolay V. Vasilyev, Frank A. Pigula, David J. Mooney, Katia Bertoldi, and Conor J. Walsh. "Actuators: A Bioinspired Soft Actuated Material (Adv. Mater. 8/2014)." Advanced Materials 26, no. 8 (February 2014): 1145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201470047.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Molokov, K. A., and V. V. Novikov. "Evaluation of crack resistance of welded joints with soft interlayers." Advanced Engineering Research 21, no. 4 (January 9, 2022): 308–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2687-1653-2021-21-4-308-318.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction. Welded joints in large-sized metal structures (e.g., in the structures of ship hulls) subject to low-cycle fatigue are considered. The characteristic appearance of soft interlayers, which are significantly plastically deformed under working loads, was noted. Deformation of the metal structure with damage, especially in the form of cracks, reduces the strength and reliability of structural elements and joints. Pre-deformation negatively affects plasticity; therefore, much depends on the residual plasticity of the cracking material. At the same time, with a decrease in residual plasticity, such an important reliability indicator as the resistance of the material to crack propagation — the fracture toughness – decreases. The paper is devoted to the development of a model that includes analytical dependences for assessing the crack resistance of metal structures and their welded joints with soft interlayers according to the crack resistance limit for all crack sizes.Materials and Methods. The theory and methods of linear mechanics of materials destruction, structural-mechanical approach are used. The calculation results were analyzed and compared to the experimental data and other analytical solutions. The numerical experiment was performed for the ferrite-perlite steel grades of 10, 50, 22K, St3sp, etc., widely used in industry, as well as for alloy steels hardened to medium and high strength of 30KhGSA, 37KhN3A, etc. Results. Analytical dependences are obtained for calculating the relative crack resistance limit according to three main known mechanical characteristics of the state of the material of the soft interlayer of the welded joint.Discussion and Conclusions. The results obtained can be used to assess the crack resistance of pre-deformed structural elements and welded joints (including those with soft interlayers) operating under a transverse load. The results of experimental data and analytical calculations are shown in dimensionless form, which enables to obtain invariant results with respect to the fracture toughness limit.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Massabò, Roberta, Konstantin Ustinov, Luca Barbieri, and Christian Berggreen. "Fracture Mechanics Solutions for Interfacial Cracks between Compressible Thin Layers and Substrates." Coatings 9, no. 3 (February 26, 2019): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9030152.

Full text

Abstract:

The decohesion of coatings, thin films, or layers used to protect or strengthen technological and structural components causes the loss of their functions. In this paper, analytical, computational, and semi-analytical 2D solutions are derived for the energy release rate and mode-mixity phase angle of an edge-delamination crack between a thin layer and an infinitely deep substrate. The thin layer is subjected to general edge loading: axial and shear forces and bending moment. The solutions are presented in terms of elementary crack tip loads and apply to a wide range of material combinations, with a large mismatch of the elastic constants (isotropic materials with Dundurs’ parameters − 1 ≤ α ≤ 1 and − 0.4 ≤ β ≤ 0.4 ). Results show that for stiff layers over soft substrates ( α → 1 ), the effects of material compressibility are weak, and the assumption of substrate incompressibility is accurate; for other combinations, including soft layers over stiff substrates ( α → − 1 ), the effects may be relevant and problem specific. The solutions are applicable to edge- and buckling-delamination of thin layers bonded to thick substrates, to mixed-mode fracture characterization test methods, and as benchmark cases.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Johannes, Karl, Kristin Calahan, Leah Bowen, Emily Zuetell, Rong Long, and Mark Rentschler. "Mechanically switchable micro-patterned adhesive for soft material applications." Extreme Mechanics Letters 52 (April 2022): 101622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2022.101622.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Coyle, Stephen, Carmel Majidi, Philip LeDuc, and K. Jimmy Hsia. "Bio-inspired soft robotics: Material selection, actuation, and design." Extreme Mechanics Letters 22 (July 2018): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eml.2018.05.003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Guiducci, Lorenzo, Peter Fratzl, Yves J. M. Bréchet, and John W. C. Dunlop. "Pressurized honeycombs as soft-actuators: a theoretical study." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 98 (September 6, 2014): 20140458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0458.

Full text

Abstract:

The seed capsule of Delosperma nakurense is a remarkable example of a natural hygromorph, which unfolds its protecting valves upon wetting to expose its seeds. The beautiful mechanism responsible for this motion is generated by a specialized organ based on an anisotropic cellular tissue filled with a highly swelling material. Inspired by this system, we study the mechanics of a diamond honeycomb internally pressurized by a fluid phase. Numerical homogenization by means of iterative finite-element (FE) simulations is adapted to the case of cellular materials filled with a variable pressure fluid phase. Like its biological counterpart, it is shown that the material architecture controls and guides the otherwise unspecific isotropic expansion of the fluid. Deformations up to twice the original dimensions can be achieved by simply setting the value of input pressure. In turn, these deformations cause a marked change of the honeycomb geometry and hence promote a stiffening of the material along the weak direction. To understand the mechanism further, we also developed a micromechanical model based on the Born model for crystal elasticity to find an explicit relation between honeycomb geometry, swelling eigenstrains and elastic properties. The micromechanical model is in good qualitative agreement with the FE simulations. Moreover, we also provide the force-stroke characteristics of a soft actuator based on the pressurized anisotropic honeycomb and show how the internal pressure has a nonlinear effect which can result in negative values of the in-plane Poisson's ratio. As nature shows in the case of the D. nakurense seed capsule, cellular materials can be used not only as low-weight structural materials, but also as simple but convenient actuating materials.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Khatib, Muhammad, Orr Zohar, and Hossam Haick. "Self‐Healing Soft Sensors: Self‐Healing Soft Sensors: From Material Design to Implementation (Adv. Mater. 11/2021)." Advanced Materials 33, no. 11 (March 2021): 2170085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.202170085.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Marchiori, Leonardo, André Studart, António Albuquerque, Victor Cavaleiro, and Abílio P. Silva. "Geotechnical Characterization of Water Treatment Sludge for Liner Material Production and Soft Soil Reinforcement." Materials Science Forum 1046 (September 22, 2021): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1046.83.

Full text

Abstract:

A water treatment sludge (WTS) was characterized in order to evaluate if its properties would be suitable for use as liner of earthworks or for strengthening a clay soil. A WTS and a clayey soil was characterized in terms of granulometry, cumulative volumes, specific surface, density, plastic limit, liquid limit, water content, hydraulic conductivity, and characteristics of compaction (optimal water content and dry density). This study aimed to exhibit and evaluate these investigated parameters of WTS, soft soil and mixed proportions between the materials for liners’ material production while evaluating soft soils’ reinforcement feasibility. The results have shown WTS’s contribution with its fine granulometry and compaction characteristics, indicating filling properties and possible feasibility as soft soils additions for liners’ material production while being applicable for soils‘ reinforcements, corroborating with existing literature on the subject. Thus, the currently developed investigation has exposed WTS as a potential addition for these applications while also attending society’s new demands towards a more sustainable future.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Vachnina, T. N., I. V. Susoeva, A. A. Titunin, and S. V. Tsybakin. "Unused Plant Waste and Thermal Insulation Composition Boards on their Basis." Key Engineering Materials 887 (May 2021): 480–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.887.480.

Full text

Abstract:

Many plant wastes are not currently used in production, they are disposed of in landfills or incinerated. The aim of this study is to develop a composite thermal insulation material from unused spinning waste of flax and cotton fibers and soft wood waste. Samples of thermal insulation materials from plant waste were made by drying using the technology of production of soft wood fiber boards. For composite board defined physico-mechanical characteristics and thermal conductivity. The experiment was carried out according to a second-order plan, regression models of the dependences of the material indicators on the proportion of the binder additive, drying temperature and the proportion of wood waste additives were developed. The study showed that composites from unused spinning waste of plant fibers and soft wood waste have the necessary strength under static bending, the swelling in thickness after staying in water is much lower in comparison with the performance of boards from other plant fillers. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of the boards is comparable with the indicator for mineral wool boards.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Zhao, Manhong, Xi Chen, Nagahisa Ogasawara, Anghel Constantin Razvan, Norimasa Chiba, Dongyun Lee, and Yong X. Gan. "New sharp indentation method of measuring the elastic–plastic properties of compliant and soft materials using the substrate effect." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 12 (December 2006): 3134–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0384.

Full text

Abstract:

We propose a new theory with the potential for measuring the elastoplastic properties of compliant and soft materials using one sharp indentation test. The method makes use of the substrate effect, which is usually intended to be avoided during indentation tests. For indentation on a compliant and soft specimen of finite thickness bonded to a stiff and hard testing platform (or a compliant/soft thin film deposited on a stiff/hard substrate), the presence of the substrate significantly enhances the loading curvature which, theoretically, enables the determination of the material power-law elastic-plastic properties by using just one conical indentation test. Extensive finite element simulations are carried out to correlate the indentation characteristics with material properties. Based on these relationships, an effective reverse analysis algorithm is established to extract the material elastoplastic properties. By utilizing the substrate effect, the new technique has the potential to identify plastic materials with indistinguishable indentation behaviors in bulk forms. The error sensitivity and uniqueness of the solution are carefully investigated. Validity and application range of the proposed theory are discussed. In the limit where the substrate is taken to be rigid, the fundamental research is one of the first steps toward understanding the substrate effect during indentation on thin films deposited on deformable substrates.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Stewart, T., Z. M. Jin, and J. Fisher. "Analysis of contact mechanics for composite cushion knee joint replacements." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 212, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954411981533773.

Full text

Abstract:

Recent research in the area of cushion form bearings for total joint replacements has primarily used thin, soft, elastomeric layers with similar elastic modulus to articular cartilage, bonded to rigid substrates. These are designed to promote the body's natural lubricants to separate the articulating surfaces and prevent wear. Applications to joint replacements have revealed that the abrupt change in stiffness between the soft layer and the rigid substrate and the relatively low strength of the interface resulted in high shear stresses and debonding of the soft layer from the substrate. The approach adopted in this study is to use components with a graded modulus or composite construction. The composite construction consists of a soft compliant layer of polyurethane and a second stiffer polyurethane layer thought to be rigid enough to mechanically interlock to a metallic tibial tray. In this composite structure the deformation of the more rigid polyurethane underlay may generally influence the stress distribution and deformation in the softer upper layer and at the interface between the two materials. A simple analysis technique is presented in the present study where the composite double layer was approximated as an equivalent modulus single layer. Single layer theory, which is readily available in the literature, can then be used to determine the contact parameters, including the maximum contact pressure and the contact radius, for the composite structure. By varying the layer thicknesses and material properties of both the soft surface layer and the stiffer structural support layer, the magnitudes and locations of stresses can be controlled. Results of a parametric stress analysis are presented to assist in the selection of the most appropriate composite layers for cushion knee designs. A 4 mm thick surface layer with an elastic modulus of 20 MPa and a 4 mm thick structural support layer with an elastic modulus of 1000 MPa were considered suitable for this application.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Lei, Guangyu. "Study on Mechanical Properties of the Compound Soil of Feldspathic Sandstone and Sand Based on Micro – level." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 3, no. 2 (October 30, 2022): 220–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ajst.v3i2.2234.

Full text

Abstract:

It is of great practical significance to study the mechanical properties of composite materials of arsenic and sandstone to control the ecological environment in soft sandstone area. In order to understand the material and structural characteristics of composite materials under different compound proportions, the microstructure and the composition of the material elements were analyzed by the microscopic test and the test of mercury injection from the microscopic level. The dynamic three axis instrument was used to carry out the mechanical test under the different mixing ratio. The results showed that the main mineral components of feldspathic sandstone are quartz, albite, montmorillonite and calcite. The structure has the strength in the anhydrous state. When the water is saturated, the structure collapses, the cohesive force decreases rapidly, and it has the collapsibility; Due to the complexity of the structure and the optimization of the gradation, the permeability is greatly reduced; the macroscopic mechanics exhibits strain hardening and nonlinear characteristics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Elghezal, L., M. Jamei, and I. O. Georgopoulos. "DEM simulations of stiff and soft materials with crushable particles: an application of expanded perlite as a soft granular material." Granular Matter 15, no. 5 (July 16, 2013): 685–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10035-013-0406-z.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Chanda, Arnab, Subhodip Chatterjee, and Vivek Gupta. "Soft composite based hyperelastic model for anisotropic tissue characterization." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 28 (June 23, 2020): 4525–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320935560.

Full text

Abstract:

Soft tissues are complex anisotropic composite systems comprising of multiple differently oriented layers of fiber embedded within a soft matrix. To date, soft tissues have been mainly characterized using simplified linear elastic material models, isotropic viscoelastic and hyperelastic models, and transversely isotropic models. In such models, the effect of fiber volume fraction (FVF), fiber orientation, and fiber-matrix interactions are missing, inhibiting accurate characterization of anisotropic tissue properties. The current work addresses this literature gap with the development of a novel soft composite based material framework to model tissue anisotropy. In this model, the fiber and matrix are considered as separate hyperelastic materials, and fiber-matrix interaction is modeled using multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient. The effect of the individual contribution of the fibers and matrix are introduced into the numerical framework for a single soft composite layer, and fiber orientation effects are incorporated into the strain energy functions. Also, strain energy formulations are developed for multiple soft composite layers with varying fiber orientations and contributions, describing the biomechanical behavior of an entire anisotropic tissue block. Stress-strain relationships were derived from the strain energy equations for a uniaxial mechanical test condition. To validate the model parameters, experimental models of soft composites tested under uniaxial tension were characterized using the novel anisotropic hyperelastic model (R2 = 0.983). To date, such a robust anisotropic hyperelastic composite framework has not been developed, which would be indispensable for experimental characterization of tissues and for improving the fidelity of computational biological models in future.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Gao, Cun-Fa, Yiu-Wing Mai, and Bao-Lin Wang. "Effects of magnetic fields on cracks in a soft ferromagnetic material." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 75, no. 17 (November 2008): 4863–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2008.06.013.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Krause, R. F., J. H. Bularzik, and H. R. Kokal. "A new soft magnetic material for ac and dc motor applications." Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 6, no. 6 (December 1997): 710–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11665-997-0070-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Yu, Chuanbin, Cun-Fa Gao, and Zengtao Chen. "Periodically spaced collinear cracks in a soft ferromagnetic material under a uniform magnetic field." Acta Mechanica 231, no. 5 (February 15, 2020): 1919–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00707-020-02629-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Hassani, Vahid, Hamid Ahmad Mehrabi, Carl Gregg, Roger William O'Brien, Iñigo Flores Ituarte, and Tegoeh Tjahjowidodo. "Multi-Material Composition Optimization vs Software-Based Single-Material Topology Optimization of a Rectangular Sample under Flexural Load for Fused Deposition Modeling Process." Materials Science Forum 1042 (August 10, 2021): 23–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1042.23.

Full text

Abstract:

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have been evolved over the last decade, enabling engineers and researchers to improve functionalities of parts by introducing a growing technology known as multi-material AM. In this context, fused deposition modeling (FDM) process has been modified to create multi-material 3D printed objects with higher functionality. The new technology enables it to combine several types of polymers with hard and soft constituents to make a 3D printed part with improved mechanical properties and functionalities. Knowing this capability, this paper aims to present a parametric optimization method using a genetic algorithm (GA) to find the optimum composition of hard polymer as polylactic acid (PLA) and soft polymer as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU 95A) used in Ultimaker 3D printer for making a rectangular sample under flexural load in order to minimize the von Mises stress as an objective function. These samples are initially presented in four deferent forms in terms of composition of hard and soft polymers and then, after the optimization process, the final ratio of each type of material will be achieved. Based on the volume fraction of soft polymers in each sample, the equivalent topologically-optimized samples will be obtained that are solely made of single-material PLA as hard polymer under the same flexural load as applied to multi-material samples. Finally, the structural results and manufacturability in terms of the generated support structures, as key element of some AM processes, will be compared for the resultant samples created by two methods of optimization.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Huang, Changjin, David Quinn, Subra Suresh, and K. Jimmy Hsia. "Controlled molecular self-assembly of complex three-dimensional structures in soft materials." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 1 (December 18, 2017): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717912115.

Full text

Abstract:

Many applications in tissue engineering, flexible electronics, and soft robotics call for approaches that are capable of producing complex 3D architectures in soft materials. Here we present a method using molecular self-assembly to generate hydrogel-based 3D architectures that resembles the appealing features of the bottom-up process in morphogenesis of living tissues. Our strategy effectively utilizes the three essential components dictating living tissue morphogenesis to produce complex 3D architectures: modulation of local chemistry, material transport, and mechanics, which can be engineered by controlling the local distribution of polymerization inhibitor (i.e., oxygen), diffusion of monomers/cross-linkers through the porous structures of cross-linked polymer network, and mechanical constraints, respectively. We show that oxygen plays a role in hydrogel polymerization which is mechanistically similar to the role of growth factors in tissue growth, and the continued growth of hydrogel enabled by diffusion of monomers/cross-linkers into the porous hydrogel similar to the mechanisms of tissue growth enabled by material transport. The capability and versatility of our strategy are demonstrated through biomimetics of tissue morphogenesis for both plants and animals, and its application to generate other complex 3D architectures. Our technique opens avenues to studying many growth phenomena found in nature and generating complex 3D structures to benefit diverse applications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Aziz, M., I. Towhata, S. Yamada, M. U. Qureshi, and K. Kawano. "Water-induced granular decomposition and its effects on geotechnical properties of crushed soft rocks." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 10, no. 6 (June 17, 2010): 1229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-1229-2010.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. The widespread availability of soft rocks and their increasing use as cheap rockfill material is adding more to geotechnical hazards because time-dependent granular decomposition causes significant damage to their mechanical properties. An experimental study was conducted through monotonic torsional shear tests on crushed soft rocks under fully saturated and dry conditions and compared with analogous tests on standard Toyoura sand. Due to the sensitivity of material to disintegration upon submergence, saturated conditions accelerated granular decomposition and, hence, simulated loss of strength with time, whereas, dry test condition represented the response of the soil with intact grains. A degradation index, in relation to gradation analyses after each test, was defined to quantify the degree of granular decomposition. Possible correlations of this index, with strength and deformation characteristics of granular soils, were explored. Enormous volumetric compression during consolidation and monotonic loading of saturated specimens and drastic loss of strength parameters upon submergence were revealed. It is revealed that the observed soil behaviour can be critical for embankments constructed with such rockfill materials. Moreover, the enhanced ability of existing soil mechanics models to predict time-dependent behaviour by incorporating water-induced granular decomposition can simplify several in situ geotechnical problems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Martin, Bryn A., Umit Kutluay, and Yigit Yazicioglu. "Method for Dynamic Material Property Characterization of Soft-Tissue-Mimicking Isotropic Viscoelastic Materials Using Fractional Damping Models." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 41, no. 5 (July 1, 2013): 20120235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte20120235.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Sardesai, Aditya N., Xavier M. Segel, Matthew N. Baumholtz, Yiheng Chen, Ruhao Sun, Bram W. Schork, Richard Buonocore, Kyle O. Wagner, and Holly M. Golecki. "Design and Characterization of Edible Soft Robotic Candy Actuators." MRS Advances 3, no. 50 (2018): 3003–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.557.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTOne of the goals of soft robotics is the ability to interface with the human body. Traditionally, silicone materials have dominated the field of soft robotics. In order to shift to materials that are more compatible with the body, developments will have to be made into biodegradable and biocompatible soft robots. This investigation focused on developing gummy actuators which are biodegradable, edible, and tasty. Creating biodegradable and edible actuators can be both sold as an interactive candy product and also inform the design of implantable soft robotic devices. First, commercially available gelatin-based candies were recast into pneumatic actuators utilizing molds. Edible robotic devices were pneumatically actuated repeatedly (up to n=8 actuations) using a 150 psi power inflator. To improve upon the properties of actuators formed from commercially available candy, a novel gelatin-based formulation, termed the “Fordmula” was also developed and used to create functional actuators. To investigate the mechanics and functionality of the recast gummy material and the Fordmula, compression testing and biodegradation studies were performed. Mechanical compression tests showed that recast gummy materials had similar properties to commercially available candies and at low strain had similar behavior to traditional silicone materials. Degradation studies showed that actuation was possible within 15 minutes in a biologically relevant solution followed by complete dissolution of the actuator afterwards. A taste test with elementary aged children demonstrated the fun, edible, and educational appeal of the candy actuators. Edible actuator development was an entry and winning submission in the High School Division of the Soft Robotics Toolkit Design Competition hosted by Harvard University. Demonstration of edible soft robotic actuators created by middle and high school aged students shows the applicability of the Soft Robotics Toolkit for K12 STEM education.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Mirzaali, M. J., A. Herranz de la Nava, D. Gunashekar, M. Nouri-Goushki, R. P. E. Veeger, Q. Grossman, L. Angeloni, et al. "Mechanics of bioinspired functionally graded soft-hard composites made by multi-material 3D printing." Composite Structures 237 (April 2020): 111867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.111867.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Birčáková, Zuzana, Peter Kollár, Bernd Weidenfeller, Ján Füzer, Radovan Bureš, and Mária Fáberová. "Iron Based Soft Magnetic Composite Material Prepared By Injection Molding." Powder Metallurgy Progress 21, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pmp-2021-0002.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Soft magnetic composite materials consisting of FeSi powder and polypropylene were prepared by the injection molding method, with different polypropylene contents of 25, 30 and 35 vol. %. The magnetic and electrical properties as well as the structure of the composites were investigated. The samples exhibited very low porosity, high electrical resistivity, relatively low coercivity, sufficient saturation magnetic flux density and permeability, and high resonant frequency. FeSi particles were found to be well insulated from each other and homogeneously dispersed in the polymer matrix of the composite. The observed isotropic structure was confirmed by the fitting of the experimental dependence with the analytical expression of the reversible relative permeability vs. magnetic flux density.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Soft Material Mechanics'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles