Journal articles: 'Soft clusters'

1

Liu, Yuchu, GengXin Liu, Wei Zhang, Chen Du, Chrys Wesdemiotis, and Stephen Z. D. Cheng. "Cooperative Soft-Cluster Glass in Giant Molecular Clusters." Macromolecules 52, no. 11 (May 31, 2019): 4341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00549.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Peng, Dong Liang, K. Sumiyama, H. Yamada, Takehiko Hihara, and T. Uchida. "Preparation of Magnetically Soft, Highly-Densified Fe Cluster-Assembled Films by Impact Cluster Deposition." Advanced Materials Research 11-12 (February 2006): 595–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.11-12.595.

Full text

Abstract:

Highly-densified Fe cluster-assembled films were obtained at room temperature by an energetic cluster deposition. Fe clusters were produced using a plasma-gas-condensation (PGC)-type cluster deposition apparatus with a high cluster productivity. Ionized clusters in a cluster beam were electrically accelerated and directly deposited onto a substrate together with neutral clusters from the same cluster source. By increasing the impact energy of the ionized clusters up to about 1 eV/atom, the obtained cluster-assemblies have packing fractions higher than 0.8 without any serious size change, and result in a soft magnetic behavior up to a frequency range of few hundred MHz.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Siddiqui, Mujahuddin M., Shaikh M. Mobin, Irena Senkovska, Stefan Kaskel, and Maravanji S. Balakrishna. "Novel zeotype frameworks with soft cyclodiphosphazane linkers and soft Cu4X4 clusters as nodes." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 82 (2014): 12273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc03810j.

Full text

Abstract:

Two novel zeolitic phosphane cluster frameworks have been synthesized by using ferrocenyl cyclodiphosphazanes [Fe(η⁵-C₅H₄)₂{P(μ-N^tBu)}₂] as ditopic linkers and [Cu₄X₄] clusters as tetrahedral nodes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Massa, Carlo Andrea, Francesco Puosi, Antonio Tripodo, and Dino Leporini. "Open and Anisotropic Soft Regions in a Model Polymer Glass." Polymers 13, no. 8 (April 19, 2021): 1336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13081336.

Full text

Abstract:

The vibrational dynamics of a model polymer glass is studied by Molecular Dynamics simulations. The focus is on the “soft” monomers with high participation to the lower-frequency vibrational modes contributing to the thermodynamic anomalies of glasses. To better evidence their role, the threshold to qualify monomers as soft is made severe, allowing for the use of systems with limited size. A marked tendency of soft monomers to form quasi-local clusters involving up to 15 monomers is evidenced. Each chain contributes to a cluster up to about three monomers and a single cluster involves a monomer belonging to about 2–3 chains. Clusters with monomers belonging to a single chain are rare. The open and tenuous character of the clusters is revealed by their fractal dimension df<2. The inertia tensor of the soft clusters evidences their strong anisotropy in shape and remarkable linear correlation of the two largest eigenvalues. Owing to the limited size of the system, finite-size effects, as well as dependence of the results on the adopted polymer length, cannot be ruled out.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Bittner, A. M. "Clusters on soft matter surfaces." Surface Science Reports 61, no. 9 (November 2006): 383–428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfrep.2006.03.003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

de Souza Dantas, Mônica, Michel dos Santos, Luiz Lopes, Dartagnan Guedes, Macksuelle Guedes, and Silvia Oesterreich. "Clustering of Excess Body Weight-Related Behaviors in a Sample of Brazilian Adolescents." Nutrients 10, no. 10 (October 15, 2018): 1505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10101505.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of the study was to identify the existence of clusters in multiple lifestyle behaviors, including consumption of fruits/vegetables, sugary products/soft drinks, physical activity and sedentary behavior. The association between identified clusters and excess body weight in a sample of adolescents from Dourados, Brazil, was examined. This is a cross-sectional school-based study involving 578 participants aged 12–18 of both sexes. Anthropometric measurements were performed and a questionnaire was applied with structured questions to collect data. Excess body weight was identified through body mass index. Cluster analysis was performed to identify sex-specific clusters of multiple lifestyle behaviors. Analysis of covariance and logistic regression were used to analyze associations between clusters and excess body weight. Six clusters were identified in both sexes. Girls and boys in the cluster characterized by greater time spent in sedentary behavior were 53% (OR = 1.53 [1.06–2.26]) and 63% (OR = 1.63 [1.12–2.35]) more likely to present excess body weight compared to their peers in the reference cluster. In the case of adolescents in the cluster characterized by high consumption of sugary products/soft drinks, girls were 47% more likely to be overweight (OR = 1.47 [1.05–2.13]) and boys were 51% more likely (OR = 1.51 [1.05–2.16]). High consumption of fruits/vegetables, low consumption of sugary products/soft drinks and less sedentary behavior was considered the most effective combination for the maintenance of a healthy weight.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

FUTSCHIK, MATTHIAS E., and BRONWYN CARLISLE. "NOISE-ROBUST SOFT CLUSTERING OF GENE EXPRESSION TIME-COURSE DATA." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 03, no. 04 (August 2005): 965–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720005001375.

Full text

Abstract:

Clustering is an important tool in microarray data analysis. This unsupervised learning technique is commonly used to reveal structures hidden in large gene expression data sets. The vast majority of clustering algorithms applied so far produce hard partitions of the data, i.e. each gene is assigned exactly to one cluster. Hard clustering is favourable if clusters are well separated. However, this is generally not the case for microarray time-course data, where gene clusters frequently overlap. Additionally, hard clustering algorithms are often highly sensitive to noise. To overcome the limitations of hard clustering, we applied soft clustering which offers several advantages for researchers. First, it generates accessible internal cluster structures, i.e. it indicates how well corresponding clusters represent genes. This can be used for the more targeted search for regulatory elements. Second, the overall relation between clusters, and thus a global clustering structure, can be defined. Additionally, soft clustering is more noise robust and a priori pre-filtering of genes can be avoided. This prevents the exclusion of biologically relevant genes from the data analysis. Soft clustering was implemented here using the fuzzy c-means algorithm. Procedures to find optimal clustering parameters were developed. A software package for soft clustering has been developed based on the open-source statistical language R. The package called Mfuzz is freely available.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Muthahharah, Andi Shahifah, Muhammad Arif Tiro, and Aswi Aswi. "Application of Soft-Clustering Analysis Using Expectation Maximization Algorithms on Gaussian Mixture Model." Jurnal Varian 6, no. 1 (November 13, 2022): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30812/varian.v6i1.2142.

Full text

Abstract:

Research on soft-clustering has not been explored much compared to hard-clustering. Soft-clustering algorithms are important in solving complex clustering problems. One of the soft-clustering methods is the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). GMM is a clustering method to classify data points into different clusters based on the Gaussian distribution. This study aims to determine the number of clusters formed by using the GMM method. The data used in this study is synthetic data on water quality indicators obtained from the Kaggle website. The stages of the GMM method are: imputing the Not Available (NA) value (if there is an NA value), checking the data distribution, conducting a normality test, and standardizing the data. The next step is to estimate the parameters with the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. The best number of clusters is based on the biggest value of the Bayesian Information Creation (BIC). The results showed that the best number of clusters from synthetic data on water quality indicators was 3 clusters. Cluster 1 consisted of 1110 observations with low-quality category, cluster 2 consisted of 499 observations with medium quality category, and cluster 3 consisted of 1667 observations with high-quality category or acceptable. The results of this study recommend that the GMM method can be grouped correctly when the variables used are generally normally distributed. This method can be applied to real data, both in which the variables are normally distributed or which have a mixture of Gaussian and non-Gaussian.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Spirkova, Daniela, Dagmar Caganova, and Jana Sujanova. "Cluster Policy and its Influence on Economic Competitiveness." Applied Mechanics and Materials 718 (December 2014): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.718.16.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper deals with economic benefits of clusters connected to competitiveness and regional development. Hard and soft benefits of clusters are described in relationship to innovation environment. The main focus is put on cluster policy influence on competitiveness of economy from the point of view of advantages of cluster creation for SME ́s. However, cluster policy contributes to the increase of competitiveness of small and medium enterprises.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

de Grijs, Richard, Chengyuan Li, and Aaron M. Geller. "The dynamical importance of binary systems in young massive star clusters." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 12, S316 (August 2015): 222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921315009096.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractCharacterization of the binary fractions in star clusters is of fundamental importance for many fields in astrophysics. Observations indicate that the majority of stars are found in binary systems, while most stars with masses greater than 0.5M⊙ are formed in star clusters. In addition, since binaries are on average more massive than single stars, in resolved star clusters these systems are thought to be good tracers of (dynamical) mass segregation. Over time, dynamical evolution through two-body relaxation will cause the most massive objects to migrate to the cluster center, while the relatively lower-mass objects remain in or migrate to orbits at greater radii. This process will globally dominate a cluster’s stellar distribution. However, close encounters involving binary systems may disrupt ‘soft’ binaries. This process will occur more frequently in a cluster’s central, dense region than in its periphery, which may mask the effects of mass segregation. Using high resolution Hubble Space Telescope observations, combined with sophisticated N-body simulations, we investigate the radial distributions of the main-sequence binary fractions in massive young Large Magellanic Cloud star clusters. We show that binary disruption may play an important role on very short timescales, depending on the environmental conditions in the cluster cores. This may lead to radial binary fractions that initially decline in the cluster centers, which is contrary to the effects expected from dynamical mass segregation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Kumar, Manoj, Rohtash Singh, and Updesh Verma. "Bremsstrahlung soft X-ray emission from clusters heated by a Gaussian laser beam." Laser and Particle Beams 32, no. 1 (October 29, 2013): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034613000645.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractA theoretical model of soft X-ray emission from laser irradiated clusters is developed. An intense short pulse laser of Gaussian radial and temporal profiles impinged on a clustered gas jet, heats the cluster electrons, leading to Bremsstrahlung emission of X-rays. As the clusters expand under hydrodynamic pressure, plasma frequency of the cluster electrons ωpedecreases. When plasma frequency of a cluster approaches plasma resonance${\rm \omega}_{\,pe} = \sqrt{3} {\rm \omega}$(where ω is the laser frequency), the electrons are resonantly heated by the laser and a rapid rise in X-ray emission occurs. After a while, when cluster expansion detunes the plasma resonance, X-ray emission falls off.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Sullivan, Karen. "Why suave movimiento isn’t ‘smooth movement’." Languages in Contrast 16, no. 1 (March 3, 2016): 118–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.16.1.05sul.

Full text

Abstract:

Spanish suave is sometimes translated as English smooth or soft. In cluster analyses of data from the British National Corpus and the Corpus del Español, senses of suave are found to align in some ways with smooth, in other respects with soft, and sometimes with neither adjective. For instance, the ‘quiet’ sense of soft in soft noise is related to the ‘gentle’ sense in soft caress. The ‘quiet’ sense of suave is similarly related to a ‘gentle’ sense. On the other hand, both smooth election and suave transición ‘suave transition’ indicate an easy process, but smooth in smooth election clusters with the sense in smooth motion, whereas suave in suave transición clusters with the sense in suave velo ‘suave veil’. That is, a smooth election is ‘easy’ in the manner of an unobstructed motion, whereas a suave transición is ‘easy’ to deal with, like a lightweight burden.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Nikpartow, Nooshin, Adrienne D. Danyliw, Susan J. Whiting, Hyun J. Lim, and Hassanali Vatanparast. "Beverage consumption patterns of Canadian adults aged 19 to 65 years." Public Health Nutrition 15, no. 12 (August 29, 2012): 2175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012003898.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the beverage intake patterns of Canadian adults and explore characteristics of participants in different beverage clusters.DesignAnalyses of nationally representative data with cross-sectional complex stratified design.SettingCanadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2·2 (2004).SubjectsA total of 14 277 participants aged 19–65 years, in whom dietary intake was assessed using a single 24 h recall, were included in the study. After determining total intake and the contribution of beverages to total energy intake among age/sex groups, cluster analysis (K-means method) was used to classify males and females into distinct clusters based on the dominant pattern of beverage intakes. To test differences across clusters, χ2 tests and 95 % confidence intervals of the mean intakes were used.ResultsSix beverage clusters in women and seven beverage clusters in men were identified. ‘Sugar-sweetened’ beverage clusters – regular soft drinks and fruit drinks – as well as a ‘beer’ cluster, appeared for both men and women. No ‘milk’ cluster appeared among women. The mean consumption of the dominant beverage in each cluster was higher among men than women. The ‘soft drink’ cluster in men had the lowest proportion of the higher levels of education, and in women the highest proportion of inactivity, compared with other beverage clusters.ConclusionsPatterns of beverage intake in Canadian women indicate high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages particularly fruit drinks, low intake of milk and high intake of beer. These patterns in women have implications for poor bone health, risk of obesity and other morbidities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Tanikawa, A., and T. Fukushige. "Effects of Hardness of Primordial Binaries on Evolution of Star Clusters." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 3, S246 (September 2007): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392130801569x.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractWe performed N-body simulations of star clusters with primordial binaries using a new code, GORILLA. It is based on Makino and Aarseth (1992)'s integration scheme on GRAPE, and includes a special treatment for relatively isolated binaries. Using the new code, we investigated effects of hardness of primordial binaries on whole evolution of the clusters. We simulated seven N=16384 equal-mass clusters containing 10% (in mass) primordial binaries whose binding energies are 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300, and 1000kT, respectively. Additionally, we also simulated a cluster without primordial binaries and that in which all binaries are replaced by stars with double mass, as references of soft and hard limits, respectively. We found that, in both soft (≤ 3kT) and hard (≥ 1000kT) limits, clusters experiences deep core collapse and shows gravothermal oscillations. On the other hands, in the intermediate hardness (10-300kT), the core collapses halt halfway due an energy releases of the primordial binaries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Pease, Leonard F., Jeremy I. Feldblyum, Silvia H. DePaoli Lacaerda, Yonglin Liu, Angela R. Hight Walker, Rajasekhar Anumolu, Peter B. Yim, Matthew L. Clarke, Hyeong Gon Kang, and Jeeseong Hwang. "Structural Analysis of Soft Multicomponent Nanoparticle Clusters." ACS Nano 4, no. 11 (November 4, 2010): 6982–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn102106f.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Busse, Madleen, Mark Muller, Melanie A. Kimm, and Franz Pfeiffer. "Bismuth-Oxo-Clusters for Soft-Tissue Staining." Microscopy and Microanalysis 24, S2 (August 2018): 368–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927618014125.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Kurniasari, Ratna, Rukun Santoso, and Alan Prahutama. "ANALISIS KECENDERUNGAN LAPORAN MASYARAKAT PADA “LAPORGUB..!” PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH MENGGUNAKAN TEXT MINING DENGAN FUZZY C-MEANS CLUSTERING." Jurnal Gaussian 10, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 544–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/j.gauss.v10i4.33101.

Full text

Abstract:

Effective communication between the government and society is essential to achieve good governance. The government makes an effort to provide a means of public complaints through an online aspiration and complaint service called “LaporGub..!”. To group incoming reports easier, the topic of the report is searched by using clustering. Text Mining is used to convert text data into numeric data so that it can be processed further. Clustering is classified as soft clustering (fuzzy) and hard clustering. Hard clustering will divide data into clusters strictly without any overlapping membership with other clusters. Soft clustering can enter data into several clusters with a certain degree of membership value. Different membership values make fuzzy grouping have more natural results than hard clustering because objects at the boundary between several classes are not forced to fully fit into one class but each object is assigned a degree of membership. Fuzzy c-means has an advantage in terms of having a more precise placement of the cluster center compared to other cluster methods, by improving the cluster center repeatedly. The formation of the best number of clusters is seen based on the maximum silhouette coefficient. Wordcloud is used to determine the dominant topic in each cluster. Word cloud is a form of text data visualization. The results show that the maximum silhouette coefficient value for fuzzy c-means clustering is shown by the three clusters. The first cluster produces a word cloud regarding road conditions as many as 449 reports, the second cluster produces a word cloud regarding covid assistance as many as 964 reports, and the third cluster produces a word cloud regarding farmers fertilizers as many as 176 reports. The topic of the report regarding covid assistance is the cluster with the most number of members.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Fassbender, R., R. Šuhada, and A. Nastasi. "AGN Triggering in the Infall Regions of Distant X-Ray Luminous Galaxy Clusters at0.9." Advances in Astronomy 2012 (2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/138380.

Full text

Abstract:

Observational constraints on the average radial distribution profile of AGN in distant galaxy clusters can provide important clues on the triggering mechanisms of AGN activity in dense environments and are essential for a completeness evaluation of cluster selection techniques in the X-ray and mm wavebands. The aim of this work is a statistical study with XMM-Newtonof the presence and distribution of X-ray AGN in the large-scale structure environments of 22 X-ray luminous galaxy clusters in the redshift range0.9<z≲1.6compiled by the XMM-NewtonDistant Cluster Project (XDCP). To this end, the X-ray point source lists from detections in the soft band (0.35–2.4 keV) and full band (0.3–7.5 keV) were stacked in cluster-centric coordinates and compared to average background number counts extracted from three independent control fields in the same observations. A significant full-band (soft-band) excess of ∼78 (67) X-ray point sources is found in the cluster fields within an angular distance of8′(4 Mpc) at a statistical confidence level of 4.0σ (4.2σ), corresponding to an average number of detected excess AGN per cluster environment of 3.5 ± 0.9 (3.0 ± 0.7). The data point towards a rising radial profile in the cluster region (r<1 Mpc) of predominantly low-luminosity AGN with an average detected excess of about one point source per system, with a tentative preferred occurrence along the main cluster elongation axis. A second statistically significant overdensity of brighter soft-band-detected AGN is found at cluster-centric distances of 4′–6′(2-3 Mpc), corresponding to about three times the average cluster radiusR200of the systems. If confirmed, these results would support the idea of two different physical triggering mechanisms of X-ray AGN activity in dependence of the radially changing large-scale structure environment of the distant clusters. For high-zcluster studies at lower spatial resolution with the upcoming eROSITA all-sky X-ray survey, the results suggest that cluster-associated X-ray AGN may impose a bias in the spectral analysis of high-zsystems, while their detection and flux measurements in the soft band may not be significantly affected.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

van Heerden, Andries (Hennie), Mostafa Babaeian Jelodar, Gregory Chawynski, and Sean Ellison. "A Study of the Soft Skills Possessed and Required in the Construction Sector." Buildings 13, no. 2 (February 14, 2023): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020522.

Full text

Abstract:

Soft skills are essential to employability and retention; therefore, if obtained and observed, they can significantly reduce sector-wide turnover. This study aims to investigate and compare soft skills that industry professionals currently possess and soft skills the industry requires and needs to attain. A questionnaire was administered using the RICS database, and 741 respondents participated in this study. Initially, the soft skills possessed and the soft skills required were analysed and compared via descriptive statistics. Furthermore, principal component factor analysis was used to identify the underlying factors and classify the identified soft skills. It was found that there are alignments and evident discrepancies between the actual skills currently possessed and the skills required by these professionals. The soft skills currently possessed by the industry were classified into three groups: (a) Ethics and Professionalism Cluster; (b) Self-Effort Management Cluster; and (c) Management—Leadership and Power Cluster. This was different to the two clusters identified for the soft skills requirements, which were: (a) trait-based cluster—less controllable; (b) training-based cluster—more controllable. The study concludes that there are controllable and less-controllable skills, which need to be possessed and managed in building professionals. Controllable soft skills are easier to train, whereas trait-based soft skills are more difficult to train and possess. The findings of this research are significant as their understanding can be used to help mitigate turnover and guide construction sector professionals to plan for the appropriate skills they require.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Luo, Junhai, and Xiaoting He. "A Soft–Hard Combination Decision Fusion Scheme for a Clustered Distributed Detection System with Multiple Sensors." Sensors 18, no. 12 (December 10, 2018): 4370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124370.

Full text

Abstract:

In the distributed detection system with multiple sensors, there are two ways for local sensors to deliver their local decisions to the fusion center (FC): a one-bit hard decision and a multiple-bit soft decision. Compared with the soft decision, the hard decision has worse detection performance due to the loss of sensing information but has the main advantage of smaller communication costs. To get a tradeoff between communication costs and detection performance, we propose a soft–hard combination decision fusion scheme for the clustered distributed detection system with multiple sensors and non-ideal communication channels. A clustered distributed detection system is configured by a fuzzy logic system and a fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm. In clusters, each local sensor transmits its local multiple-bit soft decision to its corresponding cluster head (CH) under the non-ideal channel, in which a simple and efficient soft decision fusion method is used. Between clusters, the fusion center combines all cluster heads’ one-bit hard decisions into a final global decision by using an optimal fusion rule. We show that the clustered distributed system with the proposed scheme has a good performance that is close to that of the centralized system, but it consumes much less energy than the centralized system at the same time. In addition, the system with the proposed scheme significantly outperforms the conventional distributed detection system that only uses a hard decision fusion. Using simulation results, we also show that the detection performance increases when more bits are delivered in the soft decision in the distributed detection system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Norci, Laura, and Evert J. A. Meurs. "Synthetic X-ray emission from starburst regions." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 212 (2003): 568–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900212898.

Full text

Abstract:

We have used a population synthesis programme to calculate the soft X-ray emission from the 30 Dor cluster. Contributions from the single and binary stellar population are included. The intended future use of the programme is the simulation of extra-galactic starbursts. Nearby clusters with violent star-formation activity provide suitable training grounds. Using our programme, we confirm that the stellar population of 30 Dor cannot by itself produce the totality of the observed soft X-ray emission.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Skelhon, Thomas S., Yunhua Chen, and Stefan A. F. Bon. "Hierarchical self-assembly of ‘hard–soft’ Janus particles into colloidal molecules and larger supracolloidal structures." Soft Matter 10, no. 39 (2014): 7730–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sm01708k.

Full text

Abstract:

We demonstrate the self-assembly of ‘hard–soft’ micron-sized Janus particles into clusters in aqueous media. Upon the coalescence of the soft polymeric lobes, the newly formed clusters adopt a minimized surface area to volume ratio forming distinct microscopic supracolloidal structures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Burg, R., A. Cavaliere, and N. Menci. "The soft X-ray background and galaxy clusters." Astrophysical Journal 404 (February 1993): L55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/186742.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Weyrich, K. H., B. Wiesen, and R. Siems. "Dynamics of defect clusters in soft mode systems." Ferroelectrics 79, no. 1 (March 1, 1988): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150198808229401.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Pundt, A., C. Sachs, M. Winter, M. T. Reetz, D. Fritsch, and R. Kirchheim. "Hydrogen sorption in elastically soft stabilized Pd-clusters." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 293-295 (December 1999): 480–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388(99)00469-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Gisselbrecht, M., M. Tchaplyguine, F. Burmeister, S. Svensson, O. Björneholm, and S. L. Sorensen. "Soft X-ray radiation damage in argon clusters." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 194, no. 2 (November 1, 2009): 022107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/194/2/022107.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

MURUGAN, P., VIJAY KUMAR, and YOSHIYUKI KAWAZOE. "AB INITIO STUDY OF MAGNETISM IN PALLADIUM CLUSTERS SUPPORTED ON (110) SURFACE OF TiO2 RUTILE." International Journal of Modern Physics B 19, no. 15n17 (July 10, 2005): 2544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979205031298.

Full text

Abstract:

The structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of Pd n (n = 6, 13) clusters supported on (110) surface of TiO 2 rutile have been studied using ab initio ultrasoft pseudopotential calculations within generalized gradient approximation. The magnetic moments and atomic structures of these clusters have only small changes when soft landed on the oxide surface. The magnetic moments of Pd 13 cluster on TiO 2 (110) surface is reduced to 6 μB as compared to 8 μB for free cluster. Our calculations also show that the adsorption energy differences between various orientations of Pd 13 cluster on the surface of the slab are small. Therefore, nearly spherical clusters such as Pd 13 can roll and have high mobility. The calculated adsorption energies of Pd 6 and Pd 13 on the (110) surface of TiO 2 slab are approximately 2.2 and 2.4 eV, respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Hintsch, Timo, Stefan Irnich, and Lone Kiilerich. "Branch-Price-and-Cut for the Soft-Clustered Capacitated Arc-Routing Problem." Transportation Science 55, no. 3 (May 2021): 687–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2020.1036.

Full text

Abstract:

The soft-clustered capacitated arc-routing problem (SoftCluCARP) is a variant of the classical capacitated arc-routing problem. The only additional constraint is that the set of required edges, that is, the streets to be serviced, is partitioned into clusters, and feasible routes must respect the soft-cluster constraint, that is, all required edges of the same cluster must be served by the same vehicle. In this article, we design an effective branch-price-and-cut algorithm for the exact solution of the SoftCluCARP. Its new components are a metaheuristic and branch-and-cut-based solvers for the solution of the column-generation subproblem, which is a profitable rural clustered postman tour problem. Although postman problems with these characteristics have been studied before, there is one fundamental difference here: clusters are not necessarily vertex-disjoint, which prohibits many preprocessing and modeling approaches for clustered postman problems from the literature. We present an undirected and a windy formulation for the pricing subproblem and develop and computationally compare two corresponding branch-and-cut algorithms. Cutting is also performed at the master-program level using subset-row inequalities for subsets of size up to five. For the first time, these nonrobust cuts are incorporated into MIP-based routing subproblem solvers using two different modeling approaches. In several computational studies, we calibrate the individual algorithmic components. The final computational experiments prove that the branch-price-and-cut algorithm equipped with these problem-tailored components is effective: The largest SoftCluCARP instances solved to optimality have more than 150 required edges or more than 50 clusters.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Huang, Benben, Haiming Wu, Mengzhou Yang, and Zhixun Luo. "An integrated instrument of a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer for cluster reaction and soft-landing deposition." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 113307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0112401.

Full text

Abstract:

We have developed an integrated instrument system of a multiple-ion laminar flow tube (MIFT) reactor combined with a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer (TQMS) and soft-landing deposition (SD) apparatus. A customized water-cooling magnetron sputtering (MagS) source is designed, by which we are able to attain a highly efficient preparation of metal clusters of 1–30 atoms with tunable size distributions. Following the MagS source, a laminar flow tube reactor is designed, allowing for sufficient gas–collision reactions of the as-prepared metal clusters, which is advantageous for probing magic clusters and minimizing wall effects when probing the reaction dynamics of such clusters. The customized TQMS analyzer involves a conical octupole, two linear octupoles, a quadruple ion deflector, and a 19 mm quadruple mass analyzer, allowing to decrease the pressure stepwise (from ∼5 to ∼10−9 Torr), thus ensuring high sensitivity and high resolution of the mass spectrometry analysis. In addition, we have designed a dual SD apparatus for the mass-selected deposition of clusters and their reaction products. For the whole system, abbreviated as MagS-MIFT-TQMS-SD, we have performed a detailed ions-fly simulation and quantitatively estimated the ions transfer efficiency under vacuum conditions determined by real experiments. Taking these advantages, well-resolved Pbn+, Agn+, and Nbn+ clusters have been produced, allowing for meticulous studies of cluster reactions under sufficient gas-phase collisions free of electric field trapping. Also, we have tested the efficiency of the dual SD.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Stafford, Grant, Noemí Villén, Albert Roso-Llorach, Amelia Troncoso-Mariño, Mònica Monteagudo, and Concepción Violán. "Combined Multimorbidity and Polypharmacy Patterns in the Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Study in Primary Health Care." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (September 1, 2021): 9216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179216.

Full text

Abstract:

(1) Background: The acquisition of multiple chronic diseases, known as multimorbidity, is common in the elderly population, and it is often treated with the simultaneous consumption of several prescription drugs, known as polypharmacy. These two concepts are inherently related and cause an undue burden on the individual. The aim of this study was to identify combined multimorbidity and polypharmacy patterns for the elderly population in Catalonia. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study using electronic health records from 2012 was conducted. A mapping process was performed linking chronic disease categories to the drug categories indicated for their treatment. A soft clustering technique was then carried out on the final mapped categories. (3) Results: 916,619 individuals were included, with 93.1% meeting the authors’ criteria for multimorbidity and 49.9% for polypharmacy. A seven-cluster solution was identified: one non-specific (Cluster 1) and six specific, corresponding to diabetes (Cluster 2), neurological and musculoskeletal, female dominant (Clusters 3 and 4) and cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and renal diseases (Clusters 5 and 6), and multi-system diseases (Cluster 7). (4) Conclusions: This study utilized a mapping process combined with a soft clustering technique to determine combined patterns of multimorbidity and polypharmacy in the elderly population, identifying overrepresentation in six of the seven clusters with chronic disease and chronic disease-drug categories. These results could be applied to clinical practice guidelines in order to better attend to patient needs. This study can serve as the foundation for future longitudinal regarding relationships between multimorbidity and polypharmacy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Yanto, Iwan Tri Riyadi, Ani Apriani, Rahmat Hidayat, Mustafa Mat Deris, and Norhalina Senan. "Fast Clustering Environment Impact using Multi Soft Set Based on Multivariate Distribution." JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization 5, no. 3 (September 23, 2021): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.5.3.628.

Full text

Abstract:

Every development activity is always related to human or community aspects. This can also lead to changes in the characteristics of the community. The community's increasing awareness and critical attitude need to be accommodated to avoid the emergence of social conflicts in the future. This research is to find out how the public perception about the impact of development on the environment. Two methods are used, i.e., MDA (Maximum Dependency Attribute) and MSMD (the Multi soft set multivariate distribution function). The MDA is to determine the most influential attribute and the Multi soft set multivariate distribution function (MSMD) is to group the selected data into classes with similar characteristics. This will help the police producer plan the right mediation and take quick activity to make strides in the quality of the social environment. The experiment conducted level of impact based on the clustering results with the greatest number of member clusters is cluster 1 (very low impact) with 32.25 % of total data following cluster 5 (Very High impact) with 24.25 % of total data. The experiment obtains the level of impact based on the clustering results. The greatest number of member clusters is cluster 1 (extremely low impact) with 32.25 % of total data following cluster 5 (Very High impact) with 24.25 % of total data. The scatter area impact is spread at districts 6, 7, 10, 11, the most of very high impact and districts 1,2,3,4,5,8 the lowest impact.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

BARMAN, SONALI, G. P. DAS, and Y. KAWAZOE. "FIRST PRINCIPLES DENSITY FUNCTIONAL INVESTIGATION OF SUPPORTED TUNGSTEN CLUSTER (Wn; n = 1 TO 6) ON ANCHORED GRAPHITE (0001) SURFACE." International Journal of Computational Materials Science and Engineering 02, no. 03n04 (December 2013): 1350015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2047684113500152.

Full text

Abstract:

Size-selected Wn clusters can be deposited firmly on a graphite (0001) surface using a novel technique, where the positive ions (of the same metal atom species) embedded on the graphite surface by ion implantation, act as anchors. The size selected metal clusters can then soft land on this anchored surface m [Hayakawa et al., 2009]. We have carried out a systematic theoretical study of the adsorption of Wn (n = 1-6) clusters on anchored graphite (0001) surface, using state-of-art spin-polarized density functional approach. In our first-principles calculations, the graphite (0001) surface has been suitably modeled as a slab separated by large vacuum layers. Wn clusters bond on clean graphite (0001) surface with a rather weak Van-der-Waals interaction. However, on the anchored graphite (0001) surface, the Wn clusters get absorbed at the defect site with a much larger adsorption energy. We report here the results of our first-principles investigation of this supported Wn cluster system, along with their reactivity trend as a function of the cluster size (n).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Franeck, Annika, Richard Wünsch, Sergio Martínez-González, Ivana Orlitová, Peter Boorman, Jiří Svoboda, Dorottya Szécsi, and Vanesa Douna. "X-Ray Emission from Star-cluster Winds in Starburst Galaxies." Astrophysical Journal 927, no. 2 (March 1, 2022): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac4fc2.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Inspired by the excess soft X-ray emission recently detected in Green Pea galaxies, we model the soft X-ray emission (0.5–2.0 keV) of hot gas from star-cluster winds. By combining individual star clusters, we estimate the soft X-ray emission expected from the typically unresolved diffuse hot gas in starburst galaxies, devoid of competing emission from, e.g., active galactic nuclei (AGNs) or other unresolved point sources. We use stellar models of subsolar metallicities (0.02 Z ⊙ and 0.4 Z ⊙) and take into account supernova explosions for massive stars. For lower metallicities, we find that stellar winds do not contribute significantly (≲3% of the mechanical energy) to the observed soft X-ray emission of normal star-forming galaxies. For higher metallicities and possibly also for larger proportions of massive star clusters in the simulated starburst galaxies, we reproduce well the observed correlation between star formation rate and X-ray luminosity previously reported in the literature. However, we find that no combination of model assumptions is capable of reproducing the substantial soft X-ray emission observed from Green Pea galaxies, indicating that other emission mechanisms (i.e., unusually large quantities of high-/low-mass X-ray binaries, ultraluminous X-ray sources, a modified initial mass function, intermediate-mass black holes, or AGNs) are more likely to be responsible for the X-ray excess.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Avrova, Anna O., Lizbeth J. Hyman, Rachel L. Toth, and Ian K. Toth. "Application of Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Fingerprinting for Taxonomy and Identification of the Soft Rot Bacteria Erwinia carotovora and Erwinia chrysanthemi." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 4 (April 2002): 1499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.4.1499-1508.2002.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT The soft rot bacteria Erwinia carotovora and Erwinia chrysanthemi are important pathogens of potato and other crops. However, the taxonomy of these pathogens, particularly at subspecies level, is unclear. An investigation using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting was undertaken to determine the taxonomic relationships within this group based on their genetic relatedness. Following cluster analysis on the similarity matrices derived from the AFLP gels, four clusters (clusters 1 to 4) resulted. Cluster 1 contained Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (subclusters 1a and 1b) and Erwinia carotovora subsp. odorifera (subcluster 1c) strains, while cluster 2 contained Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (subcluster 2a) and Erwinia carotovora subsp. betavasculorum (subcluster 2b) strains. Clusters 3 and 4 contained Erwinia carotovora subsp. wasabiae and E. chrysanthemi strains, respectively. While E. carotovora subsp. carotovora and E. chrysanthemi showed a high level of molecular diversity (23 to 38% mean similarity), E. carotovora subsp. odorifera, E. carotovora subsp. betavasculorum, E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica, and E. carotovora subsp. wasabiae showed considerably less (56 to 76% mean similarity), which may reflect their limited geographical distributions and/or host ranges. The species- and subspecies-specific banding profiles generated from the AFLPs allowed rapid identification of unknown isolates and the potential for future development of diagnostics. AFLP fingerprinting was also found to be more differentiating than other techniques for typing the soft rot erwinias and was applicable to all strain types, including different serogroups.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Lippert, Robert, and Zoltan Gaál. "MANAGEMENT APPROACH BETWEEN BUSINESS CLUSTER SUCCESS AND SOFT LEADER CHARACTERISTICS." Problems of Management in the 21st Century 9, no. 1 (May 20, 2014): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pmc/14.09.27.

Full text

Abstract:

One of the potential aspects of economic growth lies in focusing on furtherance the development of business clusters. By linking the complementary competencies of profit oriented enterprises, NGO-s, universities, research institutes and local authorities, the innovation potential and the productivity are significantly increased. The present study investigates a specific and challenging managerial activity, the role of the cluster manager. The aim of the research is to reveal the intrinsic motivation of cluster operations and to demonstrate the importance of the manager in the efficient and sustainable operation. An empirical research has been conducted involving cluster managers and member organisations through an extensive questionnaire survey in Hungary. First, determinant factors of cluster success have been identified. By using these factors, as the operational activity of the cluster, as well as the satisfaction of the members in the field of innovation and productivity, a new continuous three-dimensional maturity model has been introduced to evaluate the cluster success. Mapping the soft factors, organisational culture and leadership roles have been assessed by applying Competing Values Framework method. The results of the research depict the correlation found between soft leader characteristics and cluster success. Key words: cluster, leadership roles, organisational culture, success.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Thamrin, Nurafiza, and Arie Wahyu Wijayanto. "Comparison of Soft and Hard Clustering: A Case Study on Welfare Level in Cities on Java Island." Indonesian Journal of Statistics and Its Applications 5, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/ijsa.v5i1p141-160.

Full text

Abstract:

The National Medium Term Development Plan 2020-2024 states that one of the visions of national development is to accelerate the distribution of welfare and justice. Cluster analysis is analysis that grouping of objects into several smaller groups where the objects in one group have similar characteristics. This study was conducted to find the best clustering method and to classify cities based on the level of welfare in Java. In this study, the cluster analysis that used was hard clustering such as K-Means, K-Medoids (PAM and CLARA), and Hierarchical Agglomerative as well as soft clustering such as Fuzzy C Means. This study use elbow method, silhouette method, and gap statistics to determine the optimal number of clusters. From the evaluation results of the silhouette coefficient, dunn index, connectivity coefficient, and Sw/Sb ratio, it was found that the best cluster analysis was Agglomerative Ward Linkage which produced three clusters. The first cluster consists of 27 cities with moderate welfare, the second cluster consists of 16 cities with high welfare, the third cluster consists of 76 cities with low welfare. With the best clustering results, the government of cities in Java shall be able to make a better policies of welfare based on the dominant indicators found in each cluster.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Moeckel, Nickolas, and Cathie J. Clarke. "The formation of permanent soft binaries in dispersing clusters." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 415, no. 2 (June 30, 2011): 1179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18731.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Changede, Rishita, Felix Margadant, and Michael P. Sheetz. "Nanoarchitecture of Integrin Receptor Clusters on Very Soft Substrates." Biophysical Journal 106, no. 2 (January 2014): 522a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2013.11.2912.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Kryvoruchenko, R. V., and V. O. Hoptsii. "Complex assessment of genotypes of soft winter wheatby features structurally and functional organizations of productivity signs." Bulletin of Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V.V. Dokychaiev. The series “Crop production, selection and seed production, fruit and vegetable growing” 2019, no. 1 (June 25, 2019): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35550/visnykagro2019.01.133.

Full text

Abstract:

The analysis of the relationship between anatomical and morphological features of soft winter wheat, their relationship with plant productivity help to determine the directions of the selection work. To determine the nature of the dependence, a collection of the varieties and selection lines of soft winter wheat has been studied, which included 49 samples of different ecological, geographical and genetic origin. The cluster and factor analysis of the samples has been performed, which allowed to obtain a comprehensive assessment of the set of the studied features. By placing the varieties in the space of the two main factors of the structural and functional organization of the morphoanatomical features of productivity, we can get a clear idea of the differentiation of samples by two main systems - ear productivity and photosynthetic and conductive systems. According to the results of the cluster analysis, five groups of soft winter wheat varieties have been identified according to the complex of plant productivity elements. Each of these clusters is a separate morphobiological type and is characterized by the specific level of development of the individual elements of productivity. Key words: soft winter wheat, anatomical structure of stem, factor analysis, cluster analysis, donor and acceptor system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Nowlan, Steven J., and Geoffrey E. Hinton. "Simplifying Neural Networks by Soft Weight-Sharing." Neural Computation 4, no. 4 (July 1992): 473–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.1992.4.4.473.

Full text

Abstract:

One way of simplifying neural networks so they generalize better is to add an extra term to the error function that will penalize complexity. Simple versions of this approach include penalizing the sum of the squares of the weights or penalizing the number of nonzero weights. We propose a more complicated penalty term in which the distribution of weight values is modeled as a mixture of multiple gaussians. A set of weights is simple if the weights have high probability density under the mixture model. This can be achieved by clustering the weights into subsets with the weights in each cluster having very similar values. Since we do not know the appropriate means or variances of the clusters in advance, we allow the parameters of the mixture model to adapt at the same time as the network learns. Simulations on two different problems demonstrate that this complexity term is more effective than previous complexity terms.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Pérez-Ara, M. Ángeles, Margalida Gili, Marjolein Visser, Brenda W. J. H. Penninx, Ingeborg A. Brouwer, Ed Watkins, Matt Owens, et al. "Associations of Non-Alcoholic Beverages with Major Depressive Disorder History and Depressive Symptoms Clusters in a Sample of Overweight Adults." Nutrients 12, no. 10 (October 20, 2020): 3202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12103202.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Meta-analysis of observational studies concluded that soft drinks may increase the risk of depression, while high consumption of coffee and tea may reduce the risk. Objectives were to explore the associations between the consumption of soft drinks, coffee or tea and: (1) a history of major depressive disorder (MDD) and (2) the severity of depressive symptoms clusters (mood, cognitive and somatic/vegetative symptoms). Methods: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis based on baseline and 12-month-follow-up data collected from four countries participating in the European MooDFOOD prevention trial. In total, 941 overweight adults with subsyndromal depressive symptoms aged 18 to 75 years were analyzed. History of MDD, depressive symptoms and beverages intake were assessed. Results: Sugar-sweetened soft drinks were positively related to MDD history rates whereas soft drinks with non-nutritive sweeteners were inversely related for the high vs. low categories of intake. Longitudinal analysis showed no significant associations between beverages and mood, cognitive and somatic/vegetative clusters. Conclusion: Our findings point toward a relationship between soft drinks and past MDD diagnoses depending on how they are sweetened while we found no association with coffee and tea. No significant effects were found between any studied beverages and the depressive symptoms clusters in a sample of overweight adults.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Wang, Xi Huai, and Jian Mei Xiao. "Soft Sensor Modeling Based on Radial Basis Function Neural Network and Fuzzy C-Means." Advanced Materials Research 219-220 (March 2011): 1263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.219-220.1263.

Full text

Abstract:

A neural network soft sensor based on fuzzy clustering is presented. The training data set is separated into several clusters with different centers, the number of fuzzy cluster is decided automatically, and the clustering centers are modified using an adaptive fuzzy clustering algorithm in the online stage. The proposed approach has been applied to the slab temperature estimation in a practical walking beam reheating furnace. Simulation results show that the approach is effective.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Violán, Concepción, Quintí Foguet-Boreu, Sergio Fernández-Bertolín, Marina Guisado-Clavero, Margarita Cabrera-Bean, Francesc Formiga, Jose Maria Valderas, and Albert Roso-Llorach. "Soft clustering using real-world data for the identification of multimorbidity patterns in an elderly population: cross-sectional study in a Mediterranean population." BMJ Open 9, no. 8 (August 2019): e029594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029594.

Full text

Abstract:

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify, with soft clustering methods, multimorbidity patterns in the electronic health records of a population ≥65 years, and to analyse such patterns in accordance with the different prevalence cut-off points applied. Fuzzy cluster analysis allows individuals to be linked simultaneously to multiple clusters and is more consistent with clinical experience than other approaches frequently found in the literature.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted based on data from electronic health records.Setting284 primary healthcare centres in Catalonia, Spain (2012).Participants916 619 eligible individuals were included (women: 57.7%).Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe extracted data on demographics, International Classification of Diseases version 10 chronic diagnoses, prescribed drugs and socioeconomic status for patients aged ≥65. Following principal component analysis of categorical and continuous variables for dimensionality reduction, machine learning techniques were applied for the identification of disease clusters in a fuzzy c-means analysis. Sensitivity analyses, with different prevalence cut-off points for chronic diseases, were also conducted. Solutions were evaluated from clinical consistency and significance criteria.ResultsMultimorbidity was present in 93.1%. Eight clusters were identified with a varying number of disease values: nervous and digestive; respiratory, circulatory and nervous; circulatory and digestive; mental, nervous and digestive, female dominant; mental, digestive and blood, female oldest-old dominant; nervous, musculoskeletal and circulatory, female dominant; genitourinary, mental and musculoskeletal, male dominant; and non-specified, youngest-old dominant. Nuclear diseases were identified for each cluster independently of the prevalence cut-off point considered.ConclusionsMultimorbidity patterns were obtained using fuzzy c-means cluster analysis. They are clinically meaningful clusters which support the development of tailored approaches to multimorbidity management and further research.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Melník, Milan, Peter Mikuš, and Clive Holloway. "Crystallographic and structural characterization of heterometallic platinum complexes Part VI. Heterohexanuclear complexes." Open Chemistry 12, no. 11 (November 1, 2014): 1101–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-014-0558-7.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThis review classifies and analyzes heterohexanuclear platinum clusters into seven types of metal combinations:Pt5M, Pt4M2, Pt3M3, Pt2M4, PtM5, Pt2M3M′, and Pt2M2M2′. The crystals of these clusters generally belong to six crystal classes: monoclinic, triclinic, orthorhombic, tetragonal, trigonal and cubic. Among the wide range of stereochemistry adopted by these clusters, octahedral and capped square-pyramidal are the most common. Although platinum is classified as a soft metal atom, it bonds to a variety of soft, borderline and hard metals. Nineteen different heterometal ions are involved in hexanuclear platinum clusters. The shortest Pt-M bond distance in the case of M being a non-transition element is 2.395(4) Å for germanium and for M being a transition metal ion it is 2.402(2) Å for Cobalt. The shortest Pt-Pt bond distance observed in these clusters is 2.532 Å. Several relationships between the structural parameters are identified and discussed. Some clusters exist in two isomeric forms and some show crystallographically independent molecules within the same crystal. Such isomers and independent molecules are examples of distortion isomerism.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

JI, KAI, KEIICHIRO NASU, KAZUMICHI NAMIKAWA, and HANG ZHENG. "DYNAMICS OF FERROELECTRIC NANO CLUSTER IN BaTio3 OBSERVED AS A REAL TIME CORRELATION BETWEEN TWO SOFT X-RAY LASER PULSES." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 17, no. 04 (December 2008): 395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863508004354.

Full text

Abstract:

We carry out a theoretical investigation to clarify the dynamic property of photo-created nano-sized ferroelectric cluster observed in the paraelectric BaTiO3 as a real time correlation of speckle pattern between two soft X-ray laser pulses, at just above the paraelectric-ferroelectric phase transition temperature. Based on a model with coupled soft X-ray photon and ferroelectric phonon mode, we study the time-dependence of scattering probability by using a perturbative expansion approach. The cluster-associated phonon softening as well as central peak effects are well-reproduced in the phonon spectral function via quantum Monte Carlo simulation. Besides, it is found that the time-dependence of speckle correlation is determined by the relaxation dynamics of ferroelectric clusters. Near the transition point, cluster excitation is stable, leading to a long relaxation time, while at high temperature, cluster structure is subject to the thermal fluctuation, ending up with a short relaxation time.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Xu, Fang Fang, and James A. Imlay. "Silver(I), Mercury(II), Cadmium(II), and Zinc(II) Target Exposed Enzymic Iron-Sulfur Clusters when They Toxify Escherichia coli." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 10 (February 17, 2012): 3614–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.07368-11.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTThe toxicity of soft metals is of broad interest to microbiologists, both because such metals influence the community structures in natural environments and because several metals are used as antimicrobial agents. Their potency roughly parallels their thiophilicity, suggesting that their primary biological targets are likely to be enzymes that contain key sulfhydryl moieties. A recent study determined that copper poisonsEscherichia coliin part by attacking the exposed [4Fe-4S] clusters of dehydratases. The present investigation sought to test whether other soft metals also target these enzymes.In vitroexperiments revealed that low-micromolar concentrations of Ag(I) and Hg(II) directly inactivated purified fumarase A, a member of the dehydratase family. The enzyme was also poisoned by higher levels of Cd(II) and Zn(II), but it was unaffected by even millimolar concentrations of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Pb(II). Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis and measurements of released iron confirmed that damage was associated with destruction of the [4Fe-4S] cluster, and indeed, the reconstruction of the cluster fully restored activity. Growth studies were then performed to test whether dehydratase damage might underlie toxicityin vivo. Barely toxic doses of Ag(I), Hg(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) inactivated all tested members of the [4Fe-4S] dehydratase family. Again, activity was recovered when the clusters were rebuilt. The metals did not diminish the activities of other sampled enzymes, including NADH dehydrogenase I, an iron-sulfur protein whose clusters are shielded by polypeptide. Thus, the data indicate that dehydratases are damaged by the concentrations of metals that initiate bacteriostasis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Sobabe, Abdou-Aziz, Tahirou Djara, Blaise Blochaou, and Antoine Vianou. "Soft Biometrics Authentication." Journal of Information Technology Research 15, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitr.298620.

Full text

Abstract:

This manuscript presents the design of a new approach of human skin color authentication. Skin color is one of the most popular soft biometric modalities. Since a soft biometric modality alone cannot reliably authenticate an individual, this new system is designed to combine skin color results with other pure biometric modalities to increase recognition performance. In the classification process, we first perform facial skin detection by segmentation using the thresholding method in the HSV color space. Then, the K-means algorithm of the clustering method is used to determine the dominant colors on the skin pixels in the RGB model. Variations according to the R, G and B components are recorded in a reference model to enable an individual’s identity to be predicted on the basis of 30 clusters. Experimental results are promising and give a false acceptance rate (FAR) of 29.47% and a false rejection rate (FRR) of 70.53%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Guo, Mengdi, Baoqi Yin, Benben Huang, Haiming Wu, and Zhixun Luo. "A gas-phase synthesis of Ag-centered phenylenediamine clusters." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 30 (2020): 10325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc02296a.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Saleem, Muhammad, and Ali Rizwan. "Development of Application Specific Intelligent Framework for the Optimized Selection of Industrial Grade Magnetic Material." Polymers 13, no. 24 (December 10, 2021): 4328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13244328.

Full text

Abstract:

This article attempts to introduce a simple and robust way for the classification of soft magnetic material by using multivariate statistics. The six magnetic properties including coercive magnetic field, relative magnetic permeability, electrical resistivity magnetic inductions, i.e., remanence and saturation along with Curie temperature are used for the classification of 16 soft magnetic materials. Descriptive statistics have been used for defining the prioritization order of the mentioned magnetic characteristics with coercive magnetic field and Curie temperature as the most and least important characteristics for classification of soft magnetic material. Moreover, it has also justified the usage of cluster analysis and principal component analysis for classifying the enlisted materials. After descriptive statistics, cluster analysis is used for classification of materials into four groups, i.e., excellent, good, fair and poor while defining the prioritization order of materials on a relative scale. Principal component analysis reveals that the relative permeability is responsible for defining 99.69% of total variance and is also negatively correlated with the coercive magnetic field. Therefore, these two characteristics are considered the responsible factors for categorically placing the enlisted materials into four clusters. Furthermore, principal component analysis also helps in figuring out the fact that a combined influential consequence of relative permeability, coercive magnetic field, electrical resistivity and critical temperature are responsible for defining prioritization ordering of materials within the clusters. The material’s suitability index is identified while making use of adjacency and decision matrices obtained from material assessment graph and relative importance of magnetic properties, respectively. Afterward this material suitability index is used to rank the enlisted materials based on selected attributes. According to the suitability index, the best choice among enlisted soft magnetic materials is Supermalloy, Magnifer 7904 which is present in group 1 labeled as excellent by multivariate analysis. Therefore, the results of graph theory are in accordance with cluster analysis and principal component analysis, thus confirming the potential of this intelligent approach for the selection application specific magnetic materials.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Scesa, Paul D., Zhenjian Lin, and Eric W. Schmidt. "Ancient defensive terpene biosynthetic gene clusters in the soft corals." Nature Chemical Biology 18, no. 6 (May 23, 2022): 659–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41589-022-01027-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Soft clusters'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles