Relevant bibliographies by topics / SOFC

Academic literature on the topic 'SOFC'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "SOFC"

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Lang, Michael, Young-sang Lee, In-sung Lee, Patric Szabo, Jongsup Hong, Joonhoon Cho, and Rémi Costa. "Analysis of Degradation Phenomena of SOC Stacks Operated in Reversible SOFC / SOEC Cycling Mode." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 54 (August 28, 2023): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-015429mtgabs.

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The reversible SOFC/SOEC operation of solid oxide cell (SOC) stacks promise high overall electricity-to-electricity round-trip efficiencies and low storage costs. Although in recent years the degradation rates of SOFC and SOEC stacks in single mode long-term operation have been steadily decreased, the understanding of degradation mechanisms during reversible SOFC/SOEC operation remains an important and challenging issue. Therefore, the Korean-German project “Solid Oxide Reversible Fuel Cell / Electrolysis Stack” (SORFES) focuses on the development of the core component technology for a 1 kW reversible SOC stack in order to enhance the hydrogen productivity and its utilization. The primary goals are the improvement of the performance and the durability of SOC stacks during reversible SOFC/SOEC operation and the quantification and the qualification of the relevant degradation effects. The paper presents and compares the performance and degradation results of two SOC stacks which were operated mainly in galvanostatic steady-state SOFC mode and in reversible SOFC/SOEC cycling mode. The stacks with ASC cells of Elcogen (Estonia) were fabricated by the industrial project partner E&KOA (Daejeon, Korea). The reversible cycles consist of day/night switches between SOEC and SOFC, thus covering intermittent renewable electricity supply (e.g. of photovoltaics). The stacks were electrochemically characterized by jV-curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The first SOC stack with 10 cells was operated during 500 h in SOFC at constant current density followed by 500 h of operation under reversible SOFC/SOEC cycling conditions. The initial performance and homogeneity along the repeat units (RUs) of the stack in SOFC and SOEC at the beginning of operation are presented. In order to better understand the stack degradation, the results between reversible SOFC/SOEC cycling and galvanostatic steady-state SOFC operation are compared. The degradation, especially of the OCV, the power density and the area specific resistance (ASR) of the different RUs are analyzed and discussed. Moreover, the progression of the individual resistances, specifically of the ohmic-, the electrode polarization- and the gas concentration resistances of the RUs are evaluated and presented. The influence of temperature gradients and thermo-mechanical stresses during reversible exothermic (SOFC) and endothermic (SOEC) cycling are outlined and discussed. The results of the first stack test were used to improve the stack components and setup, e.g. the contacting and sealing of the cells in the stack and the protective coating on the interconnects. Moreover, the operating conditions during reversible SOFC/SOEC cycling were optimized. The second improved stack with 6 RUs was operated for 2800 h in galvanostatic steady-state SOFC mode and reversible SOFC/SOEC cycling mode with low degradation rate. The results of the present paper help to understand and improve the long-term stability of SOC stacks during reversible SOFC/SOEC cycling, thus promoting the SOC technology for renewable energy storage applications.
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Imabayashi, Takumi, Koichi Asano, and Yoshihiro Mugikura. "Evaluation of Electrolytic Characteristics with a Single Cell Developed as SOFC." ECS Transactions 111, no. 6 (May 19, 2023): 1493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11106.1493ecst.

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The reversible solid oxide cell (rSOC) can operate both SOFC and SOEC modes reversibly. It is necessary for developing the rSOC to clear the reversible operation problems by evaluating cell performance of SOFC and SOEC modes. Based on our original performance evaluation method of SOFC which was previously developed, a new performance evaluation method of SOEC which can be adapted under various temperature conditions has been developed in this report. The cell, which was developed as SOFC, performance before and after the CO2 direct electrolysis test (CO2+2e-→CO+O2-) was compared by using the performance evaluation methods of SOEC and SOFC. As a result, the IR loss and the cathode overvoltage increased after the CO2 direct electrolysis test in both SOEC and SOFC modes.
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Song, Rak-Hyun. "(Invited) Current Status of SOFC Deployment and Technology Developments in Korea." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 54 (August 28, 2023): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01546mtgabs.

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In Korea, the supply of stationary fuel cells for power generation is being promoted by the mandatory RPS program. The deployment of fuel cells in Korea began in 2012. Currently, fuel cells of about 880 MW have been supplied. Among them, the amount of SOFC system is about 220 MW, and the SOFC installation started in 2014. About 40 MW in 2021 and 50 MW in 2022 were installed. The deployment of residential SOFCs has just begun, and a small number of systems have been deployed. In Korea, fuel cell deployment is accelerated by the mandatory supply amount allocated to power generation companies by the RPS policy, and in addition, the clean energy supply promotion regulation granted to public buildings partially contributes to fuel cell supply. Several Korean companies have developed the SOFC and SOEC technologies under the national program, and major projects are the development of a 200 kW SOFC and a 20 kW SOEC systems. The 2~8kW class SOFC products have been developed already and are in deployment. In Korea, SOEC demonstration is being also promoted to store electricity generated from renewable energy, and about 1.5MW SOEC is scheduled to be demonstrated by 2024. The Korean government enacted the Hydrogen Law in 2019, and under this law, development and deployment of hydrogen and fuel cell-related technologies are in progress. In addition, a hydrogen roadmap was established as an implementation plan to encourage achievement of the deployment targets. In this talk, the achievements of the SOFC R&D and deployment, and national hydrogen roadmap in Korea are introduced in more detail.
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Athanasiou, Costas, Christos Drosakis, Gaylord Kabongo Booto, and Costas Elmasides. "Economic Feasibility of Power/Heat Cogeneration by Biogas–Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Integrated Systems." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010404.

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Based upon the thermodynamic simulation of a biogas-SOFC integrated process and the costing of its elements, the present work examines the economic feasibility of biogas-SOFCs for combined heat and power (CHP) generation, by the comparison of their economic performance against the conventional biogas-CHP with internal combustion engines (ICEs), under the same assumptions. As well as the issues of process scale and an SOFC’s cost, examined in the literature, the study brings up the determinative effects of: (i) the employed SOFC size, with respect to its operational point, as well as (ii) the feasibility criterion, on the feasibility assessment. Two plant capacities were examined (250 m3·h−1 and 750 m3·h−1 biogas production), and their feasibilities were assessed by the Internal Rate of Return (IRR), the Net Present Value (NPV) and the Pay Back Time (PBT) criteria. For SOFC costs at 1100 and 2000 EUR·kWel−1, foreseen in 2035 and 2030, respectively, SOFCs were found to increase investment (by 2.5–4.5 times, depending upon a plant’s capacity and the SOFC’s size) and power generation (by 13–57%, depending upon the SOFC’s size), the latter increasing revenues. SOFC-CHP exhibits considerably lower IRRs (5.3–13.4% for the small and 16.8–25.3% for the larger plant), compared to ICE-CHP (34.4%). Nonetheless, according to NPV that does not evaluate profitability as a return on investment, small scale biogas-SOFCs (NPVmax: EUR 3.07 M) can compete with biogas-ICE (NPV: EUR 3.42 M), for SOFCs sized to operate at 70% of the maximum power density (MPD) and with a SOFC cost of 1100 EUR·kWel−1, whereas for larger plants, SOFC-CHP can lead to considerably higher NPVs (EUR 12.5–21.0 M) compared to biogas-ICE (EUR 9.3 M). Nonetheless, PBTs are higher for SOFC-CHP (7.7–11.1 yr and 4.2–5.7 yr for the small and the large plant, respectively, compared to 2.3 yr and 3.1 yr for biogas-ICE) because the criterion suppresses the effect of SOFC-CHP-increased revenues to a time period shorter than the plant’s lifetime. Finally, the economics of SOFC-CHP are optimized for SOFCs sized to operate at 70–82.5% of their MPD, depending upon the SOFC cost and the feasibility criterion. Overall, the choice of the feasibility criterion and the size of the employed SOFC can drastically affect the economic evaluation of SOFC-CHP, whereas the feasibility criterion also determines the economically optimum size of the employed SOFC.
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Williams, Mark, and Randall Gemmen. "Total Energy for the SOFC and SOEC." ECS Transactions 111, no. 6 (May 19, 2023): 1327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11106.1327ecst.

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The Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Program at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) managed by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management (FECM) is currently developing low-cost SOFC and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell (SOEC) systems. This paper develops the Total Energy (TE) (kilowatt-hours per kilogram hydrogen, kWh/kgH2 ) for the SOEC and SOFC. The Total Energy includes heat input, exergetic flows, enthalpy of vaporization, pressurization, heat loss, area specific resistance, etc. The SOEC Total Energy developed at NETL, as it would happen, correlates well with the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) proven SOEC performance of forty-five kilowatt-hours per kilogram hydrogen at twenty bars, 1.3 volt and 725oC. Total Energy is necessary for designing, predicting, and planning for SOEC and SOFC performance and cost.
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Radhika, D., and A. S. Nesaraj. "Materials and Components for Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells – an Overview." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 2, no. 2 (June 17, 2013): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2.2.87-95.

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This article summarizes the recent advancements made in the area of materials and components for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFCs). LT-SOFC is a new trend in SOFCtechnology since high temperature SOFC puts very high demands on the materials and too expensive to match marketability. The current status of the electrolyte and electrode materials used in SOFCs, their specific features and the need for utilizing them for LT-SOFC are presented precisely in this review article. The section on electrolytes gives an overview of zirconia, lanthanum gallate and ceria based materials. Also, this review article explains the application of different anode, cathode and interconnect materials used for SOFC systems. SOFC can result in better performance with the application of liquid fuels such methanol and ethanol. As a whole, this review article discusses the novel materials suitable for operation of SOFC systems especially for low temperature operation.
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Song, Rak-Hyun. "(Invited) Current Status of SOFC Deployment and Technology Developments in Korea." ECS Transactions 111, no. 6 (May 19, 2023): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/11106.0027ecst.

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The current deployment of stationary fuel cells in Korea is about 880 MW including the 220 MW SOFC systems, About 40 MW in 2021 and 50 MW in 2022 were installed respectively. In Korea, the fuel cell deployment is accelerated by the mandatory supply and the promotion regulations driven by government. Several Korean companies have developed the SOFC and SOEC technologies under the national program, and major projects are the development of a 200 kW SOFC and a 20 kW SOEC systems. The 2~8kW class SOFC products have been developed already and are in deployment. The Korean government enacted the Hydrogen Law in 2020, and under this law, development and deployment of hydrogen and fuel cell-related technologies are in progress. The achievements of the SOFC R&D and deployment, and national hydrogen roadmap in Korea are introduced in more detail.
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Corigliano, Orlando, Leonardo Pagnotta, and Petronilla Fragiacomo. "On the Technology of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Energy Systems for Stationary Power Generation: A Review." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 17, 2022): 15276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215276.

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This paper presents a comprehensive overview on the current status of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) energy systems technology with a deep insight into the techno-energy performance. In recent years, SOFCs have received growing attention in the scientific landscape of high efficiency energy technologies. They are fuel flexible, highly efficient, and environmentally sustainable. The high working temperature makes it possible to work in cogeneration, and drive downstream bottomed cycles such as Brayton and Hirn/Rankine ones, thus configuring the hybrid system of a SOFC/turbine with very high electric efficiency. Fuel flexibility makes SOFCs independent from pure hydrogen feeding, since hydrocarbons can be fed directly to the SOFC and then converted to a hydrogen rich stream by the internal thermochemical processes. SOFC is also able to convert carbon monoxide electrochemically, thus contributing to energy production together with hydrogen. SOFCs are much considered for being supplied with biofuels, especially biogas and syngas, so that biomass gasifiers/SOFC integrated systems contribute to the “waste to energy” chain with a significant reduction in pollution. The paper also deals with the analysis of techno-energy performance by means of ad hoc developed numerical modeling, in relation to the main operating parameters. Ample prominence is given to the aspect of fueling, emphasizing fuel processing with a deep discussion on the impurities and undesired phenomena that SOFCs suffer. Constituent materials, geometry, and design methods for the balance of plant were studied. A wide analysis was dedicated to the hybrid system of the SOFC/turbine and to the integrated system of the biomass gasifier/SOFC. Finally, an overview of SOFC system manufacturing companies on SOFC research and development worldwide and on the European roadmap was made to reflect the interest in this technology, which is an important signal of how communities are sensitive toward clean, low carbon, and efficient technologies, and therefore to provide a decisive and firm impulse to the now outlined energy transition.
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Wei, J., T. Osipova, J. Malzbender, and M. Krüger. "Mechanical characterization of SOFC/SOEC cells." Ceramics International 44, no. 10 (July 2018): 11094–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.03.103.

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Baharuddin, Nurul Akidah, Andanastuti Muchtar, and Dedikarni Panuh. "Bilayered Electrolyte for Intermediate-Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell: A Review." Jurnal Kejuruteraan si1, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2018-si1(2)-01.

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Fuel cell is an energy converter device that generates electricity through electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. An example of fuel cell is the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) which uses a ceramics based solid electrolyte. Due to the use of ceramics, SOFC normally operates at high temperatures up to 1000 °C. This high operating temperature makes SOFC known for its efficient energy conversion capability and excellent fuel flexibility. However, despite the advantages, the extreme temperatures limit the uses of SOFC. High operation temperature leads to long term operational issues in durability and cell degradation. Yttria stabilized zirconia, YSZ is a commonly used material for electrolyte in high temperature SOFCs. However, YSZ electrolyte is unable to perform well when the operating temperature is reduced to intermediate-low zones below 800 °C. Thus, development of new materials for SOFC components is needed whereby the production of electrolyte materials becomes one of the main scopes for research in intermediate-low temperature SOFCs. Apart from the synthesis of new materials, another approach in increasing the ionic conductivity of intermediate-low temperature SOFC is through the fabrication of a bilayered electrolyte. As such, this review article focuses on the potential of bilayered electrolyte for intermediate-low temperature SOFCs
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "SOFC"

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Rismanchian, Azadeh. "Copper Nickel Anode for Methane SOFC." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1312299949.

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Lay, Elisa. "Nouveaux matériaux d'électrode de cellule SOFC." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10307.

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Ce travail est consacré à l'étude des influences de deux cations, le cérium et le baryum, sur les propriétés structurales, physico-chimiques, électriques et électrochimiques de l'oxyde (La,Sr)(Cr,Mn)O3 (LSCM). L'effet de l'état d'oxydation du cérium a été déterminé en substituant les sites A de LSCM et d'un oxyde de composition proche, CexSr1-xCr0,5Mn0,5O3 (CeSCM). L'influence des propriétés de basicité du baryum a été examinée. Les matériaux sont stables en conditions de fonctionnement d'anode pour SOFC. La conductivité est de type p pour CeLSCM et CeSCM. Les composés LBCM sont des semi-conducteurs de type n pour des pressions partielles comprises entre 1 et 10-4 atm, et de type p pour des pressions plus faibles. Sous atmosphère neutre, la conductivité électrique totale augmente avec la teneur en cérium dans LSCM, et la conductivité des matériaux CeSCM est similaire à celle de CeLSCM substitué par 25% de cérium (36 S. Cm-1 à 900 °C). Sous atmosphère réductrice, la conductivité des matériaux CeLSCM est de l'ordre de 1 S. Cm-1. La quantité de baryum n'a pas d'influence sur la conductivité de LSBCM. La caractérisation d'électrodes ponctuelles denses a permis de montrer que les performances anodiques augmentent avec la teneur en cérium substitué au lanthane dans LSCM. La nature des processus impliqués n'est pas modifiée lorsque le strontium est substitué par le cérium, même si l'absence de lanthane pénalise le comportement anodique. Des performances intéressantes pour une application comme matériau d'anode pour SOFC ont été atteintes pour le composé La0,75Ba0,25Cr0,5Mn0,5O3. Les origines des contributions élémentaires des caractéristiques d'électrode sont discutées
Influences of two cations, cerium and baryum, have been examined on the structural, physico-chemical, electrical and electrochemical properties of LSCM (La,Sr)(Cr,Mn)O3 as an anode for SOFC. LSCM was subtituted on the A site of the perovskite (cerium on lanthanum sites, or baryum on strontium sites). The related composition CeSCM (CexSr1-xCr0. 5Mn0. 5O3) has been synthetised in order to increase Ce4+ concentration. Chemical stabilities are discussed in elaboration and operating conditions. Electrical conductivity measurements have been performed in different atmospheres. CeLSCM and CeSCM are p-type semi-conductors. LBSCM materials are n-type semi-conductors for pO2 from 1 atm to 10-4 atm, and p-type for lower pO2. Electrical conductivity for CeLSCM materials increases with cerium content. Conductivities of CeSCM materials are similar. In reducing conditions, these materials exhibit a conductivity of 1 S. Cm-1 at 900 °C, except for CeSCM 50 (0,2 S. Cm-1). Baryum content has no influence on electrical conductivity of LBSCM; it is divided by 2 compared with LSCM in air and in H2- 3% H2O, and is slighty better than LSCM in argon. Electrochemical characterizations have been performed on dense pin-shaped electrodes. Stationnary and dynamic periodic measurements were performed. Anodic performances of CeLSCM materials increase with cerium content. CeLSCM 37. 5 properties are compatible with an application as anode SOFC operating beyond 800 °C. Electrode reaction is not modified when strontium is substituted by cerium. However, lanthanum absence has a poor effect on performance. LBCM exhibits interesting performances as an anode for SOFC. Origins of electrode reactions are discussed
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Lay, Elisa. "Nouveaux matériaux d'électrode de cellule SOFC." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00461152.

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Ce travail est consacré à l'étude des influences de deux cations, le cérium et le baryum, sur les propriétés structurales, physico-chimiques, électriques et électrochimiques de l'oxyde (La,Sr)(Cr,Mn)O3 (LSCM). L'effet de l'état d'oxydation du cérium a été déterminé en substituant les sites A de LSCM et d'un oxyde de composition proche, CexSr1-xCr0,5Mn0,5O3 (CeSCM). L'influence des propriétés de basicité du baryum a été examinée. Les matériaux sont stables en conditions de fonctionnement d'anode pour SOFC. La conductivité est de type p pour CeLSCM et CeSCM. Les composés LBCM sont des semi-conducteurs de type n pour des pressions partielles comprises entre 1 et 10-4 atm, et de type p pour des pressions plus faibles. Sous atmosphère neutre, la conductivité électrique totale augmente avec la teneur en cérium dans LSCM, et la conductivité des matériaux CeSCM est similaire à celle de CeLSCM substitué par 25% de cérium (36 S.cm-1 à 900 °C). Sous atmosphère réductrice, la conductivité des matériaux CeLSCM est de l'ordre de 1 S.cm-1. La quantité de baryum n'a pas d'influence sur la conductivité de LSBCM. La caractérisation d'électrodes ponctuelles denses a permis de montrer que les performances anodiques augmentent avec la teneur en cérium substitué au lanthane dans LSCM. La nature des processus impliqués n'est pas modifiée lorsque le strontium est substitué par le cérium, même si l'absence de lanthane pénalise le comportement anodique. Des performances intéressantes pour une application comme matériau d'anode pour SOFC ont été atteintes pour le composé La0,75Ba0,25Cr0,5Mn0,5O3. Les origines des contributions élémentaires des caractéristiques d'électrode sont discutées.
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Hubert, Maxime. "Durabilité des convertisseurs électrochimiques haute température à oxydes solides : une étude expérimentale et de modélisation basée sur la caractérisation au synchrotron par nanotomographie des rayons X." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI011/document.

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Ce travail porte sur l’étude de la dégradation des convertisseurs électrochimiques haute température à oxydes solides. Une approche couplant des tests électrochimiques, des caractérisations post-mortem avancées et une modélisation multi-échelle a été mise en place afin d’établir les liens entre les performances, la microstructure des électrodes et leur dégradation. Dans ce but, des essais de durabilité de plus de mille heures ont été menés dans différentes conditions opératoires. La microstructure des électrodes a été reconstruite par nano-holotomographie des rayons X pour la cellule de référence avant et après vieillissement. Une attention particulière a été apportée à la mesure de la résolution spatiale et à la fiabilisation du protocole expérimental. Grâce aux volumes 3D, les propriétés microstructurales de l’électrode H2 en Ni-YSZ ont été quantifiées pour les cellules à l’état initial et vieillies. Un modèle physique d’agglomération des particules de Nickel a ensuite été ajusté sur les analyses tridimensionnelles et intégré dans une structure de modélisation multi-échelle développée au laboratoire. Il a auparavant été nécessaire de compléter l’outil numérique avec un module spécifique dédié aux matériaux composant l’électrode à oxygène fait avec un conducteur mixte ionique-électronique. Une fois le modèle validé sur des courbes de polarisation expérimentales, il a été utilisé pour quantifier la contribution de l’agglomération du Nickel sur les pertes de performances mesurées expérimentalement en mode pile à combustible et électrolyse
This work aims at a better understanding of the high temperature Solid Oxide Cells degradation. An approach based on electrochemical tests, advanced post-test characterizations and multi-scale models has been used to investigate the links between the performances, the electrodes microstructure and their degradation. In that goal, long-term durability tests have been performed over thousand hours in different operating conditions. Electrode microstructures have been reconstructed by X-ray nano-holotomography for the pristine and the aged cells. It is worth noting that a special attention has been paid to improve both the process reliability for the tomographic experiments as well as the spatial resolution of the 3D reconstructed images. Thanks to the valuable 3D volumes, the Ni-YSZ microstructural properties of the H2 electrode have been quantified for the fresh and the aged samples. Then, a physically-based model for Nickel particle agglomeration has been adjusted on the microstructural parameters obtained by the 3D analysis and implemented in an in-house multi-scale modelling framework. Beforehand, it has been necessary to enrich the available numerical tool with a specific module dedicated to the oxygen electrode made in Mixed Ionic Electronic Conducting materials. Once validated on polarisation curves, the completed model has been used to quantify the contribution of Nickel agglomeration on the experimental degradation rates recorded in fuel cell and electrolysis modes
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Doux, Jean-Marie. "Recherche exploratoire de nouveaux matériaux d'électrolyte pour piles à combustible et électrolyseurs à oxyde solide (SOFC et SOEC)." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4094/document.

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Ces travaux portent sur la recherche de matériaux alternatifs d’électrolyte ou d’électrodes de piles à combustible à oxyde solide. Une méthodologie basée sur la composition de l’oxyborate La26O27(BO3)8, développé à l’IMN, a permis de mettre en évidence deux matériaux prometteurs : Ba3Ti3O6(BO3)2 et K3Sb4O10(BO3). La synthèse de poudres de Ba3Ti3O6(BO3)2 et de phases substituées sur les sites du Ba ou du Ti ont été réalisés par voie solide à 950 °C. Les mesures de conductivité ont été effectuées par EIS sur des échantillons denses (compacité ≥ 90 %). Sous air, la conductivité est purement anionique et dépasse 10-4 S.cm-1 à 700 °C. Elle augmente pour les composés substitués par un élément de valence supérieure, et inversement. Sous atmosphère hydrogénée, une forte augmentation de conductivité est observée (x 200), liée à l’apparition d’une contribution électronique. Une étude couplant DRX, XPS et ATG montre que cette contribution est due à une réduction de 5 % du Ti4+ en Ti3+ et que cette réaction est réversible. Les calculs DFT ont permis de déterminer les énergies de formation et de migration des défauts dans le matériau. L’oxyborate K3Sb4O10(BO3) a été obtenu sous forme de monocristaux et de poudre. Une étude approfondie de la densification a été nécessaire afin d’obtenir des échantillons denses (compacité ≈ 90 %), en utilisant un broyage planétaire et/ou une aide au frittage. La conductivité du matériau sous air est de l’ordre de 10-3 S.cm-1 à 700 °C. Ces travaux mettent en évidence pour la première fois des niveaux de conductivité (ioniques et/ou électroniques) importants dans les oxyborates. Cette approche peut être appliquée à la recherche de matériaux alternatifs pour SOFC
This work focuses on the search for alternative electrolyte or electrodes materials for solid oxide fuel cells. A methodology based on the composition of the La26O27(BO3)8 oxyborate, developed at the IMN, revealed two promising materials: Ba3Ti3O6(BO3)2 and K3Sb4O10(BO3). Syntheses of powders of Ba3Ti3O6(BO3)2 and substituted phases on the Ba or Ti atomic site were carried out by solid state reaction at 950 °C. Conductivity measurements were carried out by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy on dense samples (relative density ≥ 90 %). Under air, the conductivity is purely anionic and exceeds 10-4 S.cm-1 at 700 °C. Conductivity increases for compounds substituted with a supervalent element, and vice versa. In a hydrogen containing atmosphere, a large increase of conductivity is observed (x 200), linked to the appearance of an electronic contribution. A study combining XRD, XPS and TGA shows that this contribution is due to the reduction of 5 % of the Ti4+ in Ti3+ and that this reaction is reversible. DFT calculations allowed to determine the formation energies and the migration barriers of the defects in the material. K3Sb4O10(BO3) oxyborate was obtained as single crystals and powder. A thorough study of the densification of the material was necessary in order to obtain dense samples (relative density ≈ 90 %), using ball milling and/or sintering aid. The conductivity of the material in air is about 10-3 S.cm-1 at 700 °C. This work highlights significant conductivity levels (ionic and/or electronic) observed for the first time in oxyborates. This approach can be applied to find alternative materials for SOFC
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Feighery, Alan John. "Zirconia-based electroceramic materials for SOFC applications." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13601.

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The phase relations, electrical properties and structural characteristics of doped cubic stabilised Zirconia based electroceramic materials have been investigated using a number of characterisation techniques. The phase relations of the ternary systems ZrO2 -Y2O3 -TiO2 and ZrO2 -Gd2 O3 - TiO2 at 1500°C have been investigated. Electrical characterisation in air and in low oxygen partial pressures has been carried out using 2-probe A.C. Impedance Spectroscopy and 4-probe D.C. resistivity measurements to ascertain whether compositions within these systems could be utilised as the anode materials in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. The effect of porosity on the ionic and electronic conducting properties of the ZrO2 -Y2 O3 -TiO2 system has been investigated to provide a clearer understanding of the effect of the porosity within candidate anode materials. The effect of Al2O3 additions on the electrical properties and stability of the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell material of choice, 8 mol% Yttria stabilised Zirconia, has been investigated. Al2 O3 has been found to remain primarily as a second phase within the 8YSZ, however a small quantity of Al3+ does dissolve into the fluorite matrix. Al2 O3 has been found to have a negligible effect on the high temperature ionic conductivity of 8YSZ and improves the resistance of 8YSZ to hydrothermal degradation by stabilising the cubic structure. High temperature Time of Flight Neutron Diffraction has been used to link the change in activation energy observed in 8YSZ to a break down in local ordering of oxygen ions. Extended X-ray absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy has been used to characterise the local structure of the cations in 8 mol% Yttria-stabilised Zirconia. Analysis of the high temperature data reveals that the local structure is quite different from the average crystallographic structure. The oxygen vacancies were determined to be associated with Zirconium ions and found to disorder at high temperatures.
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Lee, Soo-na. "Chromium poisoning of cathodes in the SOFC." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/24554.

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Mixed Ionic Electronic Conductors (MIECs) such as La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3δ (LSCF) and La2NiO4+δ (LNO) are gaining much attention as candidate cathode materials at reduced working temperatures (600-800°C), because they exhibit better oxygen transport properties, in comparison to earlier cathode materials such as LaxSr1xMnyO3δ(LSM). The main objective of the study in this thesis is establishing the relationship between the amount of chromium and performance degradation of LSCF and Sr-free LNO cathodes, and improving understanding of the mechanism. LSCF were screen printed onto Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (CGO10) electrolyte pellets and infiltrated with chromium nitrate solutions to different Cr levels up to 2wt%. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at 500 ~ 800°C showed that even very low levels of Cr give a significant increase in cathode polarisation resistance, which increases with Cr concentration. The impedance response was analysed using the model of Adler, Lane and Steele (ALS model) to extract oxygen self-diffusion (Do) and surface exchange (ko) parameters for the LSCF. The results show that Cr reduces both Do and ko, the latter being the more affected. However, the activation energies for polarisation resistance, Do and ko are not significantly affected by Cr content. This indicates that the Cr poisoning mechanism involves the de-activation of sites for oxygen exchange on the LSCF surface and that the cathode's residual activity is by means of remaining active sites. The surface reaction and diffusion of oxygen in dense LSCF was studied by oxygen isotope exchange using bulk specimens and depth profile analysis. The specimen surfaces were coated with different thicknesses of Cr2O3 by sputtering prior to exchange. The results showed that the Cr2O3 surface layer had a large inhibiting effect on ko, in agreement with the electrochemical measurements, but a negligible effect on Do because diffusion of Cr into the bulk was very slow. The effect of Cr on Sr-free LNO electrodes deposited symmetrically onto Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (CGO10) electrolytes by screen printing was studied in a similar way. XRD of LNO/Cr2O3 powder mixtures annealed at 1000°C for 24h showed that LNO reacts readily with Cr2O3 to form LaCrO3 and LaNiO3. Despite this reactivity, the electrochemical experiments show that the polarisation resistance of LNO cathodes is insensitive to Cr introduced by solution infiltration for Cr concentrations up to 1%. For concentrations above this level the Cr increases the polarisation resistance, but to a much lesser degree in comparison to LSCF. Cr reduces the rate of the oxygen reduction reaction on the LNO surfaces, but does not change the activation energy significantly. The relatively good tolerance of LNO cathodes to Cr ingress is probably due to the reaction products themselves having some useful catalytic activity for oxygen reduction.
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Hu, Yang. "Study of GdBaCo2-xMxO5+δ (M=Ni, Fe; x = 0, 0.1, 0.2,...) as new cathode materials for IT-SOFC application." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00619609.

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GdBaCo2O5+δ a été présenté récemment comme un matériau de cathode potentiel pour pile à combustible à oxyde solide. Cependant, sa réactivité chimique avec la zircone yttriée et son fort coefficient de dilatation constituent une limite importante à son utilisation. L'objet de ce travail est l'étude des composés GdBaCo2 xMxO5+δ (M = Ni, Fe, x = 0, 0.1, 0.2...) i.e. substitués au fer et au nickel pour objectif d'améliorer les propriétés du composé original pour l'application pile à combustible. Tout d'abord, différentes méthodes de synthèse ont été essayées et comparées, les méthodes par voie chimique montrant un net avantage pour l'obtention de taux de substitution élevés. Les propriétés physico-chimiques des matériaux synthétisés ont été caractérisées. Si la structure des composés évolue avec la nature et le taux du substituant, les propriétés de ces composés en termes de conduction électronique ou d'évolution du contenu en oxygène sont relativement constantes. Finalement, les performances électrochimiques de plusieurs compositions sous forme d'électrodes poreuses ont été testées avec différents types d'électrolytes. Les résultats montrent que la substitution n'apporte rien pour ce qui concerne la dilatation des composés et par ailleurs ne semble pas améliorer significativement les performances électrochimiques.
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Schwartz, Brian. "Analysis of the potential for thermal radiation promotion within solid oxide fuel cells." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53909.

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Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems have the potential to provide highly efficient power generation systems capable of utilizing readily available hydrocarbons. It is hoped that these systems will be capable of replacing some of the conventional power systems and act to reduce overall emissions and increase energy efficiency. SOFC technology faces many challenges such as high cost, lifetime uncertainties, and long startup times; and these challenges have prevented SOFC technology from being widely adopted. Established methods for providing SOFC stack thermal management are either very costly, work against system design goals, or are unreliable. If SOFC thermal management needs could be reduced, it is possible that SOFC cost and lifetime could be improved. It is thought that promotion of thermal radiation within a SOFC stack may add thermal control which will reduce the need for stack thermal management. Radiation may be promoted by decreasing the length: hydraulic diameter ratio of cathode flow channels and by increasing the manifold size to create a larger stack radiation enclosure. Full thermal tests of a SOFC stack are difficult and expensive, and due to this simulations of a SOFC are widely used to analyze stack thermal behavior. In this work, a model of a SOFC “unit cell” is adjusted to represent modern SOFC stacks. The proposed methods for radiation promotion are tested with simulations using this model, and conclusions of radiation promotion in SOFC stacks are provided. Additionally, radiative properties of commonly used materials are obtained through experiments, and future work for reducing stack reliance on active thermal management is proposed.
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Satapathy, Akshaya Kumar. "Layered perovskites as cathode materials for IT-SOFC." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11962.

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T* based La₀.₉Ln₀.₉Sr₀.₂CuO₄ (Ln = Sm & Gd) has been investigated as cathode material for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell using Ce₀.₉Gd₀.₁O₁.₉₅ (GDC) and La₀.₉Sr₀.₁Ga₀.₈Mg₀.₂O₃-δ (LSGM-9182) as the electrolyte material. Both oxides crystallize in tetragonal P4/nmm symmetry. The structural and phase stability has been confirmed up to 800 °C by High temperature XRD studies. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and oxygen content decrease with decreasing size of the Ln³+ ions from Ln = Sm to Gd. While the decrease in CTE is due to the increasing co-valence of the Ln–O bond, the decrease in electrical conductivity at high temperature is due to the increasing oxide ion vacancies and a bending of the O–Cu–O bonds. The highest value of DC conductivity has been observed for the LSSCu, which showed a metal like temperature dependence. LGSCu showed a semiconductor to metallic temperature dependence of conductivity with a maximum of 25 Scm-¹. From the microstructural characterization and the polarisation resistance measurement of the symmetric cells at temperature ranges from 700 - 800 °C, 900 °C has been chosen as the most suitable sintering temperature and LGSCu has shown the minimum polarization resistance of 0.35 Ωcm² and 0.09 Ωcm² at 800 °C using GDC and LSGM-9182 electrolytes respectively under OCV condition. To improve the ASR of LGSCu, the composite of LGSCu and GDC with varying wt. % of GDC has been optimised and it shows the ASR of 0.12 Ωcm² using GDC as the electrolyte because it enhance the triple phase boundary region. The maximum power density of single-cell SOFCs fabricated with the La₀.₉Ln₀.₉Sr₀.₂CuO₄ (Ln= Sm & Gd) cathodes, La₀.₉Sr₀.₁Ga₀.₈Mg₀.₂O₃-δ (LSGM-9182) electrolyte, and Ni–Ce₀.₉Gd₀.₁O₁.₉₅ cermet anode exhibit 720 and 824 mWcm-² at 800 °C respectively. The phase pure T* Nd₁.₃₂Ce₀.27Sr₀.₄₁CuO₄-δ (NCSCu) has been synthesized by combustion method and its crystal chemistry, thermal and electrochemical properties, and catalytic activity in SOFC were evaluated using LSGM-9182 as the electrolyte. It shows promising performance and can be used as potential cathode materials for IT-SOFC. The effect of B-site Ni and Co substitution for Cu on the structural and electrochemical properties of the T* La₀.₉Gd₀.₉Sr₀.₂CuO₄ has been investigated as cathode materials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells using LSGM-9182 as the electrolyte. At a given temperature, the electrical conductivity gradually increases with increasing Ni content and the CTE gradually decreases. Ni doping has also improved the electrochemical performance. Sr doped A /A //B₂O₅+δ (A / = Rare Earth, A // = Ba or Sr and B = Transition Metals) layered perovskites improves the electrochemical performance due to the increase in electrical conductivity and smaller size difference between Ln+³ and Sr+². However these layered perovskites suffer from high thermal expansion coefficient (20-23 x 10-6 K-1) which does not match with the state of the art electrolyte materials. B-site transition metal doped layered perovskites of compositions SmBa₀.₅Sr₀.₅Co₂-ₓO₅+δ (M = Cu, Ni, Fe) have been investigated as cathode material for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell using LSGM-9182 as the electrolyte material. Phase purity has been confirmed by XRD technique. The crystal cell parameters have been found out using Rietveld refinement by FULLPROF software. The substitution of Cu, Ni and Fe for Co lowers the CTE of Co-based materials by suppression of the spin state transition of Co³+ which will be highly advantageous for long term SOFC application. The introduction of transition metals exhibit inferior electrochemical performance to pristine cathode using LSGM-9182 as the electrolyte but still shows reasonable power density with advantage of lower CTE value thereby can be explored as promising cathode material for IT-SOFCs.
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Books on the topic "SOFC"

1

International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (10th 2007 Nara, Japan). Solid oxide fuel cells 10: (SOFC-X). Edited by Eguchi K and Electrochemical Society. Pennington, N.J: Electrochemical Society, 2007.

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M, Santarelli, ed. Experimental activity on a large SOFC generator. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2008.

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Clausen, Charlotte. Electron microscopical characterisation of interfaces in SOFC materials. Roskilde: Risø National Laboratory, 1992.

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Elmer, Theo. A Novel SOFC Tri-generation System for Building Applications. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46966-9.

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E, Erdle, ed. Modelling of the mass and energy balances of SOFC modules. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities, 1991.

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International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (6th 1999 Honolulu, Hawaii). Solid oxide fuel cells: (SOFC VI) : proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium. Edited by Singhal Subhash C, Dokiya M, Electrochemical Society. High Temperature Materials Division., Electrochemical Society Battery Division, and SOFC Society of Japan. Pennington, NJ: Electrochemical Society, 1999.

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Finkenrath, Matthias. Simulation und Analyse des dynamischen Verhaltens von Kraftwerken mit oxidkeramischer Brennstoffzelle (SOFC). Jülich: Forschungszentrum Jülich, Zentralbibliothek, 2005.

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Forschungszentrum Jülich. Programmgruppe Systemforschung und Technologische Entwicklung, ed. Technische Auslegungskriterien und Kostendeterminanten von SOFC- und PEMFC-Systemen in ausgewählten Wohn- und Hotelobjekten. Jülich: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Zentralbibliothek, 2001.

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Irvine, John T. S. Solid Oxide Fuels Cells: Facts and Figures: Past Present and Future Perspectives for SOFC Technologies. London: Springer London, 2013.

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Peters, Christoph. Grain-size effects in nanoscaled electrolyte and cathode thin films for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Karlsruhe: Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "SOFC"

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Spiridigliozzi, Luca. "SOFC Components." In Doped-Ceria Electrolytes, 15–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99395-9_3.

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Milewski, Jarosław. "SOFC Modeling." In Advanced Methods of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Modeling, 91–200. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-262-9_5.

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McLaughlin, Kevin Lynn. "SOFC Metrics." In Cybersecurity Operations and Fusion Centers, 78–84. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003259152-12.

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McLaughlin, Kevin Lynn. "SOFC Reporting." In Cybersecurity Operations and Fusion Centers, 71–77. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003259152-11.

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Kurzweil, Peter. "Festoxid-Brennstoffzelle (SOFC)." In Brennstoffzellentechnik, 175–94. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-00085-1_8.

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Malkow, Thomas. "SOFC in Brief." In Modeling Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, 3–12. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6995-6_1.

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Grosso, Simone, Laura Repetto, and Paola Costamagna. "IP-SOFC Model." In Modeling Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, 183–205. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6995-6_6.

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Kurzweil, Peter. "Festoxid-Brennstoffzelle (SOFC)." In Brennstoffzellentechnik, 195–214. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-14935-2_8.

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Shao, Zongping, and Moses O. Tadé. "Application of SOFC Technology." In Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology, 247–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-52936-2_8.

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Kishimoto, Masashi. "Ammonia-Fueled SOFC Stack." In CO2 Free Ammonia as an Energy Carrier, 441–50. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4767-4_29.

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Conference papers on the topic "SOFC"

1

Kim, Sunyoung, Sangho Yoon, Joongmyeon Bae, and Young-Sung Yoo. "Performance Analysis of CH4 Driven SOFC Short Stack." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2009-85157.

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The performance of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack system driven by simulated reformate was investigated in this study. CH4 was used as a surrogate fuel for low hydrocarbon components in reformate gas. One of the motivations for this study is to articulate the effects of low hydrocarbons in reformate gas, such as CH4, on SOFCs. The effects of low hydrocarbons on SOFC have been widely investigated in SOFC button cells, but it does not provide the practical information to develop an SOFC system. Hence, we investigated the performance changes in SOFC stack operation with simulated reformate gas. Open-circuit voltage of the SOFC and discharge condition decreased as the fraction of CH4 in anode inlet gas was increased. The limit current density also decreased. As Eguchi et al. reported, CH4 does not directly participate in the electrode reaction (14). Hence, concentration overvoltage occurred in SOFC operation with CH4. The effect of CH4 on SOFC long-term performance will be investigated in future studies.
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Mottaghizadeh, Pegah, Mahshid Fardadi, Faryar Jabbari, and Jack Brouwer. "Thermal Management of a Reversible Solid Oxide System for Long-Term Renewable Energy Storage." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24153.

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Abstract In this study, an islanded microgrid system is proposed that integrates identical stacks of solid oxide fuel cell and electrolyzer to achieve a thermally self-sustained energy storage system. Thermal management of the SOEC is achieved by use of heat from the SOFC with a heat exchanger network and control strategies. While the SOFC meets the building electricity demand and heat from its electrochemical reactions is transferred to the SOEC for endothermic heat and standby demands. Each component is physically modelled in Simulink and ultimately integrated at the system level for dynamic analyses. The current work simulates a system comprised of a wind farm in Palm Springs, CA coupled with the SOEC (for H2 generation), and an industrial building powered by the SOFC. Results from two-weeks of operation using measured building and wind data showed that despite fluctuating power profiles, average temperature and local temperature gradients of both the SOEC and SOFC were within desired tolerances. However, for severe conditions of wind power deficit, H2 had to be supplied from previous windy days’ storage or imported.
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Höber, Michael, and Vanja Subotić. "SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL COMBINED HEAT AND POWER PLANT OPERATED WITH DIESEL." In 19th International Scientific Conference on Industrial Systems. Faculty of Technical Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/is-2023-t7.1-1_07141.

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Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are high efficient energy converter because they are able to convert chemically bound energy directly into electrical energy. In addition, SOFCs have a high fuel flexibility since they can not only be operated with hydrogen, but also with ammonia, biogas and other hydrocarbons. However, operating SOFCs with complex fuel mixtures such as conventional liquid fuels or biofuels bears several risks which can lead to early degradation of the SOFC. To reduce the risk, external fuel reforming and investigations on optimal operating conditions have to be conducted. Here we demonstrate the operation of an in house developed small scale SOFC combined heat and power (CHP) plant with standard Austrian diesel. The SOFC operation was monitored and characterized by applying temperature measurements, continuous gas analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and voltage and current measurements. These results may be useful to demonstrate the potential of SOFCs for future applications such as energy supply of greenhouses. The in house developed SOFC CHP system can be used for further investigations regarding the fuel flexibility and long term behavior.
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Guo, Huang, Gulfam Iqbal, and Bruce S. Kang. "Phosphine Effects on Ni-Based Anode Material and Related SOFC Button Cell Performance Investigation." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33187.

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Phosphine (PH3) is one of the trace contaminants found in coal-derived syngas that degrade the solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) anode structural properties and electrochemical performances. In this research, the SOFC button cells are exposed to ppm level of PH3 in dry and moist hydrogen under OCV and loading conditions to study PH3 poisoning effect on SOFC performance. A modified Sagnac optical system is utilized for in-situ SOFC anode surface IR emission measurements as a function of current density, along with the cell electrochemical performance investigation. The experimental results indicate that the Ni-based SOFC anode is more susceptible to degradation due to PH3 in moist hydrogen than in dry hydrogen condition. The degradation effects of PH3 on the SOFCs anode are also analyzed by post experiment characterization using SEM, EDX, and XRD.
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Mueller, Fabian, and Brian Tarroja. "High Temperature Stationary Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems in the Renewable Future." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2009-85107.

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Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are attractive emerging energy conversion devices. Particularly, SOFC electrochemically react fuel and oxygen to generate electricity efficiently with ultra low pollutant emissions. For SOFC systems to be widely utilized in the future, SOFC will have to be effectively integrated with a wide array of energy resources and conversion devices including base-loaded nuclear and coal as well as renewables. Load following generators and/or energy storage will be required to manage intermittent renewables. Base-loaded fuel cell systems (i.e., present day SOFCs) that use potentially dispatchable fuel resources will be increasingly difficult to market. Fuel generators such as SOFCs that can load follow with ultra-low emissions will become increasingly attractive, particularly in future grid scenarios with increased renewables. Simulations results are shown in the paper that demonstrates the intermittent challenge of renewables and the potential for SOFC systems to provide load following capability. SOFCs have the potential to be very attractive load following generators which achieve high efficiencies at part load with low emissions. Research and development is needed to understand solid oxide fuel cell system and control development to minimize dynamics that can degrade the fuel cell during load following. Understanding of degradation of optimally controlled fuel cell is needed to fully understand the true potential of SOFC systems in future grids with increased intermittent renewable penetration.
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Shi, Junxiang, and Xingjian Xue. "Heterogeneous Electrode Designs for Planar SOFC Optimizations." In ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2011-54735.

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Suitable porous electrode design may play a significant role in the performance enhancement of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). In this paper, a genetic algorithm optimization method is employed to design electrodes based on a 2-D planar SOFC model development. The objective is to find out suitable porosity and particle size distributions for both anode and cathode electrodes so that the cell performance can be maximized. The results indicate that the optimized heterogeneous electrode may better improve SOFC performance than the homogeneous count-part, particularly under relatively high current density conditions. The optimization results are dependent on the operating conditions. The effects of pressure losses along the anode/cathode channels and inlet fuel compositions are investigated. The proposed approach provides a systematical method for electrode microstructure designs of high performance SOFCs.
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Iqbal, Gulfam, Suryanarayana R. Pakalapati, Francisco Elizalde-Blancas, Huang Guo, Ismail Celik, and Bruce Kang. "Anode Structure Degradation Model for Planar-SOFC Configuration Under Fuel Gas Contaminants." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33183.

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Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) is one of the enabling technologies that are being extensively researched for clean power generation from coal-derived syngas. Anode structural degradation is one of the problems that limit the SOFCs operation lifetime and it is further aggravated by some common contaminants found in coal syngas such as phosphine. An accurate model for predicting the degradation patterns inside an SOFC anode operating under different conditions will be an effective tool for advancement of this technology. In this study, a structural durability model developed earlier for button SOFC anodes is extended to simulate the planar-SOFC anodes. The model accounts for thermo-mechanical and fuel gas contaminants effects on the anode material properties to predict evolution, in space and time, of degradation patterns inside the anode and consequently its lifetime. The temperature field and contaminant concentration distribution inside the SOFC anode are the required inputs for the degradation model which are obtained from DREAM-SOFC: a multi-physics code for SOFC modeling. Due to larger active areas compared to button cell, planar-SOFCs bear greater spatial and temporal temperature gradients which lead to higher thermo-mechanical degradation. Moreover, fuel contaminants are distributed on the anode surface which leads to non-uniform microstructure degradation along the fuel flow. For the case of co-flow configuration, anode thermo-mechanical degradation is severe at the anode-electrolyte interface at the fuel outlet. Whereas the fuel gas contaminants effects on the anode microstructure begin at the fuel inlet and propagate through the anode thickness and along the fuel flow. This research will be useful to establish control parameters to achieve desired service life of SOFC stacks working under coal syngas.
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8

Onda, Kazuo, Takuya Taniuchi, Daisuke Sunakawa, Mitsuyuki Nagahama, Takuto Araki, and Toru Kato. "Cycle Analysis of Low and High H2 Utilization SOFC/Gas Turbine Combined Cycle for CO2 Recovery." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97061.

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A major factor in global warming is CO2 emission from thermal power plants, which burn fossil fuels. One technology proposed to prevent global warming is CO2 recovery from combustion flue gas and the sequestration of CO2 underground or near the ocean bed. Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) can produce highly concentrated CO2, because the reformed fuel gas reacts with oxygen electrochemically without being mixed with air in the SOFC. We therefore propose to operate multi-staged SOFCs with high utilization of reformed fuel to obtain highly concentrated CO2. In this study, we estimated the performance of multi-staged SOFCs considering H2 diffusion and the combined cycle efficiency of a multistage SOFC / gas turbine / CO2 recovery power plant. The power generation efficiency of our CO2 recovery combined cycle is 68.5%, whereas the efficiency of a conventional SOFC/GT cycle with the CO2 recovery amine process is 57.8%.
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9

Yoshida, Hideki, Shinji Amaha, and Hisataka Yakabe. "Hybrid Systems Using Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66213.

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In this paper, the concept of an SOFC (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) and PEFC (Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell) hybrid system is presented. Large-scale SOFC systems operated in a thermally self-sustainable state produce excess heat. The excess heat can be used for producing hydrogen. Several variations of hydrogen production systems are presented here. One way is to produce the hydrogen by using an extra reformer. Another way is purifying the off-fuel of SOFCs. The produced hydrogen can be used as the fuel for PEFCs. The overall electrical efficiency of a combination of an SOFC and PEFCs is higher than that of a standalone SOFC. When the hydrogen produced by purifying the off-fuel of the SOFC is used as the fuel for PEFCs, the overall electrical conversion efficiency increases by around 20%.
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10

Nelson, George J., Comas Haynes, and Cameron Miller. "Dilute Ethanol Fueled SOFCs: A Symbiotic Solution Strategy." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2009-85088.

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Biofuels have been broached as being more commercially viable under the biorefinery concept wherein multiple product streams enhance overall economics. An example of this concept is presented in which solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and bioethanol are explored in light of the symbiotic pairing of these two promising alternative energy thrusts. Mutual benefit is manifested via dilute ethanol fueled SOFCs. Due to high operating temperatures SOFCs reject high quality heat that can be used for indirect internal reformation of ethanol in the presence of sufficient water. Additionally, carbon monoxide present in hydrogen-rich reformate can be used as a fuel through shift to hydrogen. Thus, the optimization of an additional dilute product stream for SOFC applications can contribute to the realization of the bioethanol infrastructure. This contribution is two-fold. First, across a domain of viable operating conditions the use of dilute ethanol can potentially improve SOFC system performance above cell stack performance and enable distributed SOFC generation fueled by dilute ethanol, providing a secondary market for higher energy ratio bioethanol. Second, integrating in-plant SOFC co-generation fueled by a fraction of dilute ethanol diverted from the process stream is shown to improve the energy ratio of bioethanol. This improvement results from the electricity and by-product heat from the SOFC partially offsetting the energy intensive anhydrous ethanol production.
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Reports on the topic "SOFC"

1

Privette, R., M. A. Perna, and K. Kneidel. Status of SOFCo SOFC technology development. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/460201.

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2

Ghezel-Ayagh, Hossein. Reliable SOFC Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1429267.

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3

Diane M. England. SOFC INTERCONNECT DEVELOPMENT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/833633.

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4

Diane M. England. SOFC INTERCONNECT DEVELOPMENT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/833842.

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5

Ghezel-Ayagh, Hossein. Innovative SOFC Technologies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1603084.

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6

Veyo, S. E., and W. L. Lundberg. Tubular SOFC and SOFC/Gas Turbine combined cycles-status and prospects. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/460348.

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7

Kuterbekov, K. A., K. Zh Bekmyrza, A. Nikonov, S. Paranine, V. Hrustov, A. Lipilin, N. Pavzderin, T. Baitassov, and A. Nygymanova. SOFC: Prospects of development. PHYSICAL-TECHNICAL SOCIETY OF KAZAKHSTAN, October 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.29317/ejpfm.2017010107.

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8

Gibson, R. A., and N. Q. Minh. Sealant research for SOFC. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10179824.

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9

Ghezel-Ayagh, Hossein. SOFC PROTOTYPE SYSTEM TEST. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1784013.

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10

Singh, Prabhakar, Rampi RamPrasad, Ashish Aphale, Boxun Hu, Steven Suib, Junsung Hong, and Manoj Mahapatra. Materials and Approaches for Mitigation of SOFC Cathode Degradation in SOFC Power Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1604141.

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