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1
Dogramadjieva, Elka. "Glocalization strategies and current transformations of innovative city tours of Sofia, Bulgaria." SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 04005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219204005.
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Research background: The rise of innovative (alternative) guided tours around the world and especially in Europe embody the idea of ‘glocalization’, since these tours and associated new business models (comprising both ‘free’ and paid offers) represent a global phenomenon that utilizes ‘localness’ as a major asset. Therefore, glocalization strategies of the tour providing companies are worth studying and so are the current transformations in their business models. The Bulgarian capital city of Sofia is an appropriate case study area, being recently denoted as an emerging tourist destination on the international scene, with a number of innovative city tours developed over the last years that form a particular aspect of Sofia’s urban experience. Purpose of the article: Building upon a previous study, the paper seeks to uncover glocalization strategies applied and current transformations observed in the innovative city tours of Sofia in terms of COVID-19 induced market change, product development, and delivery system adjustment. Methods: Subjected to analysis are five tour providers selected on the ground of their business models, tour content and market success. The study involves in-depth interviews with company managers and tour guides, personal observations, and information retrieved from social media and websites. Findings & Value added: The study results contribute to better understanding of how global trends are implemented in a local context and reveal the challenges triggered by the current CIVID-19 induced shift of scales from global to local in terms of markets, product development, and service organization.
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Cushing, Debra Flanders, Mark Pennings, Dino Willox, Rafael Gomez, Clare Dyson, and Courtney Coombs. "Measuring intangible outcomes can be problematic: The challenge of assessing learning during international short-term study experiences." Active Learning in Higher Education 20, no. 3 (September 28, 2017): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1469787417732259.
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Short-term international study experiences, or study tours, aim to increase students’ global awareness, educate and empower them to be productive global citizens, and contribute to their future employability. Learning outcomes from study tours often include intangible personal characteristics or soft skills, as opposed to specific disciplinary skills and knowledge, and yet, these are not easily identified. Using an iterative Delphi process, this study aimed to understand the pedagogical experience of tour leaders (experts) and assist in future development of effective assessment. Findings include four key areas of agreement among the experts: (1) both discipline-based knowledge and the acquisition of intangible personal characteristics are important learning outcomes and are considered to be almost equally important, (2) assessment almost always occurs on tour, (3) formative assessment for learning is predominantly used (rather than learning for summative assessment to test the learning), and (4) facilitated reflection is an important way to encourage learning during a study tour. Yet, the findings also reveal uncertainty about assessing outcomes that include intangible personal characteristics and soft skills. The article concludes with pedagogical implications and recommendations for future research.
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Leister, Wolfgang. "Strengthening Tourists’ Engagement in Guided Hiking and Trekking." Administrative Sciences 9, no. 2 (June 21, 2019): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci9020045.
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Many providers in adventure travel promote organised hiking and trekking tours. Such guided tours shall be engaging for the tourists and evoke positive attitudes towards enjoying nature. We present the Trekking Engagement Profile as a tool to evaluate engagement factors of such guided tours, based on engagement research performed in a different domain, namely evaluating engagement in museums and science centres. This tool shall strengthen the guides’ soft skills and enable them to increase engagement during an ongoing arrangement. For instance, the Trekking Engagement Profile can be applied when tourists indicate that the quality of a guided tour is not entirely to their liking. We show the viability of using the Trekking Engagement Profile in a small study with guides and participants of trekking tours offered by the Norwegian Trekking Association. Further, we offer guidance and charts to promote its practical use.
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Žuromskaitė, Brigita, and Rafał Nagaj. "Cultural tourism facilities in the context of the increased risk of terrorism: Young tourists from Lithuania and security measures." Turyzm/Tourism 28, no. 2 (December 30, 2018): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tour-2018-0018.
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In view of the events that have been taking place in recent years, tourism security issues have become a popular subject in academic research. Terrorism attacks in trendy tourism destinations have raised a significant question: how can the tourist be protected and provided with quality? The article presents an evaluation of the significance of ‘soft’ and ‘hard’ security measures used in cultural tourism facilities by young tourists from Lithuania. The research showed that young tourists belong to the group of ‘courageous’ travellers, but their bravery has a limit. Young people want to travel ‘without restrictions’, feeling free, but they also want to know that someone has taken care of their safety.
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Brochard-Wyart, Françoise. "A Tour of My Soft Matter Garden: From Shining Globules and Soap Bubbles to Cell Aggregates." Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics 10, no. 1 (March 10, 2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031218-013454.
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Like The Magic Flute, my career has been paved by wonderful and unexpected stories played by enthusiastic and talented students, in close contact with experiments and industry. I participated in the birth of soft matter physics under the impulse of Pierre-Gilles de Gennes: polymers, liquid crystals, colloids, and wetting, which I later applied to the study of living matter. By teaching in the early days at the Institut Universitaire de Technologies d'Orsay, I came into contact with industry, which gave me the chance to collaborate with several companies: Rhône-Poulenc, Dior, Saint-Gobain, Rhodia, and Michelin. These partners have not only largely financed my research in physical chemistry but they also offered a wealth of innovative research topics. In 1996, when Professor Jacques Prost became the director of the Physico-Chimie Curie laboratory, in the Pavillon Curie built for Marie Curie, I turned to biophysics. I initiated collaborations with biologists, applying soft matter physics to the mechanics of cells and tissues. Pierre-Gilles de Gennes has been a wonderful guide throughout this scientific adventure to build my soft matter garden.
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Nguyen, Diep Ngoc. "EXPERIENCES OF TEACHING CHEERLEADING SUBJECT AND PROPOSED METHODS OF TEACHING SOFT SKILLS FOR TOURISM STUDENTS OF TRA VINH UNIVERSITY." Scientific Journal of Tra Vinh University 1, no. 2 (August 5, 2019): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35382/18594816.1.2.2019.162.
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In recent years, training units in general and Tra Vinh University in particular have paid attention to forming soft skills for students. Cheerleading is a subject that helps learners acquiring the necessary skills for bringing smiles and the comfort to visitors during their trip. These are things that the travel businesses and tourists desire in delivering and using the tour services. Specialized teaching associated with developing soft skills for students helps teachers gaining more advantages in the teaching process and students are access professionalskills comfortably. Some methods for supporting the integration of soft skills in specialized subjects mentioned in the article will show the feasibility, as well as the practical benefits that this combined educational activity brings to the school, students and businesses.
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Tommasi, A., R. Cefalo, F. Zardini, and M. Nicolaucig. "USING WEBGIS AND CLOUD TOOLS TO PROMOTE CULTURAL HERITAGE DISSEMINATION: THE HISTORIC UP PROJECT." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5/W1 (May 17, 2017): 663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-w1-663-2017.
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On the occasion of the First World War centennial, GeoSNav Lab (Geodesy and Satellite Navigation Laboratory), Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Italy, in coooperation with Radici&Futuro Association, Trieste, Italy, carried out an educational Project named “Historic Up” involving a group of students from “F. Petrarca” High School of Trieste, Italy. <br><br> The main goal of the project is to make available to students of Middle and High Schools a set of historical and cultural contents in a simple and immediate way, through the production of a virtual and interactive tour following the event that caused the burst of the First World War: the assassination of Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sofia in Sarajevo occurred on June 28, 1914. <br><br> A set of Google Apps was used, including Google Earth, Maps, Tour Builder, Street View, Gmail, Drive, and Docs. The Authors instructed the students about software and team-working and supported them along the research. After being checked, all the historical and geographic data have been uploaded on a Google Tour Builder to create a sequence of historical checkpoints. Each checkpoint has texts, pictures and videos that connect the tour-users to 1914. Moreover, GeoSNaV Lab researchers produced a KML (Keyhole Markup Language) file, formed by several polylines and points, representing the itinerary of the funeral procession that has been superimposed on ad-hoc georeferenced historical maps. This tour, freely available online, starts with the arrival of the royals, on June 28<sup>th</sup> 1914, and follows the couple along the events, from the assassination to the burial in Arstetten (Austria), including their passages through Trieste (Italy), Ljubljana (Slovenia), Graz and Wien (Austria).
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Mueller, Taina, Gerhard Ruedl, Matthaeus Ernstbrunner, Fabian Plachel, Stefan Fröhlich, Thomas Hoffelner, Herbert Resch, and Lukas Ernstbrunner. "A Prospective Injury Surveillance Study on Ski Touring." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 232596711986767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119867676.
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Background: Ski touring is an outdoor sport with growing popularity in alpine countries. Information about injuries in ski touring is limited. Purpose: To determine injury rates, mechanisms, causes, and risk factors in ski touring. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Between November 2015 and May 2016, a total of 191 participants from the Alps region were prospectively tracked via personalized online questionnaires. Injury rates were calculated per 1000 hours of sports exposure. Risk factors were assessed per multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 3900 ski tours were performed, with 10,955 hours and 4,108,503 m in height ascension (uphill) recorded. The overall injury rate was 2.5 injuries per 1000 hours of ski touring. A total of 27 injury-events were reported, of which 18 (67%) were classified as mild, 7 (26%) as moderate, and 2 (7%) as severe. Hands (28%) and knees (16%) were the most commonly involved anatomic regions. Most injuries were limited to the soft tissue, such as bruises (31%) and abrasions (18%). Significantly more injuries happened during the descent (n = 17; 63%) than during the ascent (n = 6; 22%) (odds ratio, 5.96; P = .004), while poor weather conditions, icy surface, and inattentiveness were the most often reported reasons for injury. Sidecountry ski touring was identified as the only significant independent risk factor for injury ( P < .001). Conclusion: In this prospective injury surveillance study, the majority of ski touring injuries were mild and limited to the soft tissue. Ski touring injuries were more likely to happen during the descent of a tour, and sidecountry ski touring was the only significant independent risk factor for injury. Bad weather, icy surface, and inattentiveness were found to be the leading causes for an injury-event in this study.
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Ferreira, Mauricio, Todd K. Hall, and Gregg Bennett. "Exploring Brand Positioning in a Sponsorship Context: A Correspondence Analysis of the Dew Action Sports Tour." Journal of Sport Management 22, no. 6 (November 2008): 734–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.22.6.734.
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In this study, we used correspondence analysis (Greenacre, 1984; Hoffman & Franke, 1986) to examine connections between the title sponsor, brand competitors, and consumer targets exposed to a sponsorship. Demographic characteristics and self-reported use of 20 soft drink brands were collected from 1,138 attendees of four of the five inaugural events of the Dew Action Sports Tour. The analyses consisted of decomposing the cross-tabulated data into latent dimensions and graphically portraying brands and consumer targets in joint preference maps. Results revealed that consumers differentiated the 20 soft drink brands based on two latent dimensions: energy/diet and convenience. Furthermore, based on proximity of the target market to the title sponsor in the maps, it appears that Mountain Dew has been relatively effective in positioning the brand for key target markets in only one of the four cities examined. Theoretical and managerial implications of the findings are discussed.
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Shi, Hua Lin, and Da Min Zhang. "Electronic Guide System Based on SOPC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 340 (July 2013): 749–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.340.749.
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On the basis of the EP1C6Q240C8 belonging to Altera Cyclone family, a GPS electronic guide alternative system was designed by SOPC technology based on Nios II soft core processor. The system is based on GPS positioning, integrated application of embedded technology, GIS, communication technology, data acquisition and analysis techniques. Besides, this system can meet the needs of independent tour guides, for example positioning, spots introduction, destination search, path selection as well as emergency communication and so on.
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Meilutė, Ieva, and Virginija Jurėnienė. "International tours of theatre as a means of intercultural cooperation." Informacijos mokslai 89 (June 5, 2020): 134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/im.2020.89.45.
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The 21st century theatre is open to new ideas, new findings and presentation of own works to the consumer on not only the national, but also international level. This stands for communication and cooperation with the consumer and organisations. Theatre tours abroad are one of the forms of intercultural cooperation among organisations and consumers. The article analyses the peculiarities of organising theatre tours, its benefit and levels of cooperation. The study includes an analysis of organising national and commercial theatre tours on an international level which allows concluding that intercultural cooperation can occur on the following three levels: interpersonal (micro), interinstitutional (macro) and international (mezzo). The study reveals another new – mixed – level; however, a new mediating element can be seen in cooperation on micro or macro levels. Both types of theatre (state and non-state) see evident benefit of international tours for the theatre, the troupe and the country. A country can use this as a means of soft power in its foreign policies.
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Lewis, Craig R., and Mark S. Johnson. "Multi-Casualty Incident EMS Response at a Very Remote Location." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 7, no. 2 (June 1992): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00039431.
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When a multiple patient incident occurs in a remote location, significant challenges are presented to the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system. Emergency medical services systems need to have the capability to respond effectively to major incidents anywhere within the service area.On 2 September, 1988, some time after 1400H, a Gray Line of Alaska tour bus overturned at milepost 132 on the Taylor Highway in the interior region of Alaska. The bus rolled from a soft shoulder down a hill as it attempted to pass a large truck going the opposite direction. The accident location was 220 air miles east of Fairbanks, a city of about 60,000 population.
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Kwek, Anna, Ying Wang, and David B. Weaver. "Retail tours in China for overseas Chinese: Soft power or hard sell?" Annals of Tourism Research 44 (January 2014): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2013.08.012.
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Petkova, Elena. "A new model for analysis of customer interaction activities of city tours providing organizations: Implementation to selective tours of Sofia, Bulgaria." Turizam 24, no. 2 (2020): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/turizam24-24756.
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Zalesov, Sergey V. "Formation of Siberian Pine Forests by Improvement Felling on Former Agriculturаl Lands." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 1 (February 9, 2021): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2021-1-9-19.
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On the base of the researches carried out on the permanent study area silvicultural effectiveness of improvement felling was analyzed in soft-leaved plantations formed on the former agricultural lands in Khanty-Mansi Autonomons Okrug – Yugra. It was experimentally found that among 25–30-year-old soft-leaved stands there is Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour); besides this, nominal undergrowth of this species can be found under the canopy. Improvement felling can provide an increase in the share of Siberian pine in the composition of the forming plantations and even its dominance in stands. It is recommended to carry out improvement felling by the strip method. On the first-stage the felling of soft-leaved species in strips of 10 m wide is carried out, while leaving strips of similar width without care. On the second stage in 10 years soft-leaved trees are cut down in those strips where care was not taken. Felling of all the accompanying Siberian pine trees in a single shot is inadmissible, since it leads to intensive growth of herbaceous vegetation, sodding and exclusion of the Siberian pine undergrowth as well as dramatically increases the fire danger in spring and autumn. In addition, at the indicated intensity, the specimens of Siberian pine left for cultivation are affected by Pineus cembrae (Cholodovsky, 1988).
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Wise, Nicholas, Maurício Polidoro, Gareth Hall, and Ricardo Ricci Uvinha. "User-generated insight of Rio’s Rocinha favela tour: Authentic attraction or vulnerable living environment?" Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 34, no. 7 (November 2019): 680–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269094219889881.
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Urban transformations help shape new opportunities and create/re-create awareness in everyday living environments. It is not transformation in the infrastructural sense, but transformation in the form of a service industry producing socio-economic change that can result in inclusion and exclusion of people in the community, thus affecting the everyday living environment. Within this, we need to consider the tourist gaze and how users who visit/tour vulnerable living environments report perceptions of their experiences on forums such as TripAdvisor, which helps researchers frame understandings of commodification, opportunities/awareness and even authenticity (each addressed in this paper). This paper evaluates TripAdvisor posts of ‘Rio’s Rocinha Favela Tour’. In many respects, the notion of commodification, and even authenticity, runs through each theme, but the analysis and data posted to TripAdvisor challenges us to consider how a favela becomes a consumer product or a tourist attraction. The Rocinha Favela tour is widely publicised to prospective visitors as a chance to experience a living and working favela, the focus of the first theme presented in this paper. Given Rocinha has become a popular attraction in Rio, this leads to the second theme: opportunity or awareness. Opportunities do exist for people in the community to get involved in tourism, and turning the favela into a product helps shape and maintain awareness. The third theme builds on and relates to the previous two, but focuses more on the semblances of authenticity that emerges. To link the points highlighted in this paper, a discussion of soft power concerns relationships bonded through economic and cultural influence. Because favelas have become distinct attractions, it is cultural appeal and a different (residential) side of the city that persuades travellers to visit. Online and social media platforms for more than a decade now have played an important role today in projecting images and promoting authentic experiences based on user-perceptions, and this paper looks at how the users communicate their experiences.
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Lo, Vivienne. "How can we redefine Joseph Needham’s sense of a world community for the 21st century?" Cultures of Science 3, no. 1 (March 2020): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2096608320919525.
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In the middle of World War II, my father, Kenneth Lo, accompanied Joseph Needham on a lecture tour to Colchester Co-operative Society dedicated to the support of China’s war effort and to boycotting Japanese goods. They were comrades-in-arms, soft-left socialists, inspired by the Spanish Civil War, George Orwell and WH Auden alike to take up the pen and the campaign circuit. This article is a reflection on the politics and aesthetics of research, on decentring the Eurocentric narrative of the history of science, but also on the role of poetry in the quest for a better world. Grounded in socialist, Christian and 20th-century scientific utopian belief, All under Heaven was to be One Community. Post Needham, but in the Needham spirit, I ask what shared vision drives our research?
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Krishnaswamy, J., L. Li, G. J. Collins, H. Hiraoka, and M. A. Caolo. "Soft vacuum, pulsed electron-beam hardening of lithographic polymers." Journal of Materials Research 3, no. 6 (December 1988): 1259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1988.1259.
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A 25 kV pulsed electron beam was used to harden 0.5−3.0μm thick AZ-type, MacDermid, and polyamic acid (PMDA + ODA) resist patterns. The resist profiles are stable against high-temperature treatment that ranges between 200−350 °C. The short pulse ∼ 100 ns, electron beams employed in resist hardening are produced from a cold cathode in 30−50 m Torr air by discharging energy stored in a 7.5 nF capacitor producing a dose/pulse ∼ 1μC/cm2 at the processed surface. Comparisons with conventional hardening methods using ultraviolet emission from a high-pressure mercury lamp, a windowless, vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) lamp, and low-energy electron emission from a cw source are also made.
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Ghafoor, Naureen, Fredrik Eriksson, Arkady S. Mikhaylushkin, Igor A. Abrikosov, Eric M. Gullikson, Ulrich Kressig, Manfred Beckers, Lars Hultman, and Jens Birch. "Effects of O and N impurities on the nanostructural evolution during growth of Cr/Sc multilayers." Journal of Materials Research 24, no. 1 (January 2009): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2009.0004.
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Transition metal multilayers are prime candidates for high reflectivity soft x-ray multilayer mirrors. In particular, Cr/Sc multilayers in the amorphous state have proven to give the highest reflectivity in the water window. We have investigated the influence of impurities N and O as residual gas elements on the growth, structure, and optical performance of Cr/Sc multilayers deposited in high vacuum conditions by a dual cathode direct current magnetron sputter deposition. Multilayer structures with the modulation periods in the range of 0.9–4.5 nm and Cr layer to bilayer thickness ratios in the range of 0.17–0.83 were deposited with an intentionally raised base pressure (pB), ranging from 2 × 10−7 to 2 × 10−5 Torr. Compositional depth profiles were obtained by elastic recoil detection analysis and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, while the structural investigations of the multilayers were carried out using hard x-ray reflectivity and transmission electron microscopy. By investigating stacked multilayers, i.e., several multilayers with different designs of the modulation periods, stacked on top of each other in the samples, we have been able to conclude that both N and O are incorporated preferentially in the interior of the Sc layers. At pB ≤ 2 × 10−6 Torr, typically <3 at.% of N and <1.5 at.% of O was found, which did not influence the amorphous nanostructure of the layers. Multilayers deposited with a high pB ∼2 × 10−5 Torr, a N content as high as ∼37 at.% was measured by elastic recoil detection analysis. These multilayers mainly consist of understoichiometric face-centered cubic CrNx/ScNy nanocrystalline layers, which could be grown as thin at 0.3 nm and is explained by a stabilizing effect on the ScNy layers during growth. It is also shown that by adding a background pressure of as little as 5 × 10−6 Torr of pure N2 the soft x-ray reflectivity (λ = 3.11 nm) can be enhanced by more than 100% by N incorporation into the multilayer structures, whereas pure O2 at the same background pressure had no effect.
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Imre, Zoltán. "A Midsummer Night's (Different) Dream(s): The Royal Shakespeare Company's 1972 Tour of Eastern Europe." Theatre Survey 56, no. 3 (September 2015): 336–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557415000290.
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Sitting between the First Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs and a Vice-President of the Council of State for Cultural and Socialist Education in the official box at the Opera House for the gala première of the Royal Shakespeare Company's production of “A Midsummer Night's Dream” on 23 October and watching those adroit fairies prepare Bottom for his night of love with Titania, I began to get an uneasy feeling that things were not going well as I observed their consternation and embarrassment at the erotic miming before us. This impression was confirmed by their almost monosyllabic comments at my reception during the interval. “Très intéressant” said Gliga, but then words failed him; “très piquant” said [Ion] Blad—a more apposite comment on the scene than perhaps intended, but even this faint praise clearly left other thoughts unexpressed. . . . However, on the following day my Cultural Attaché and later the manager of the Company were called to a 2 1/2-hour meeting with ARIA, the Romanian State impresarios, to hear their “suggestions” for the modification of the “Phallic Bottom” episode; but the manager insisted that he had no power to alter Peter Brook's masterpiece in any way at all and this particular scene in fact remained unaltered during the remainder of the run.—D. R. Ashe On 31 October 1972, Derick Rosslyn Ashe, the British ambassador to Romania, sent this strictly confidential report to J. L. Bullard, the head of the East European and Soviet Department at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in London. His report was written a few days after the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) had completed its tour in Romania, which took place from 22 to 28 October 1972. Although Peter Brook's production of A Midsummer Night's Dream had originally premiered on 27 August 1970 at Stratford-upon-Avon, the British Council chose it for a tour of Eastern Europe in 1972, and the company played it in Belgrade, Budapest, Bucharest, Sofia, Zagreb, and Warsaw.
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C.I.A., Nwoko, and Ukiwe L.N. "Heavy Metals Concentrations in the Shell and Tissue of Periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) and Giant Land Snail (Achatina fulica) in Soku Community of Niger Delta, Nigeria." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 10, no. 3 (July 18, 2014): 2426–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v10i3.6636.
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The pollution of aquatic ecosystem by heavy metals has assumed serious proportions due to their toxicity and accumulative behaviour. River dams are especially at risk of contamination by different contaminants from anthropogenic sources including heavy metals since change of sediment regime often occur. The accumulation of five heavy metals; chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu) and Arsenic (As) in periwinkle, (Tympanotonus fuscatus, var, radula) and giant land snail (Achatina fulica) shell and soft tissue collected from Soku Community, Akuku-toru Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. The periwinkle and giant land snail were processed and analyzed for heavy metals presence. Results obtained showed that the periwinkles accumulated more of these heavy metals than the snails. Copper and arsenic were the highest concentrated heavy metals in the periwinkle shell soft tissue. The concentration of copper and arsenic in periwinkles soft tissue was found to be l,612 mg/kg and 2.40 mg/kg respectively. In the giant land snail the soft tissue concentrated more of copper (277 mg/kg). These values exceeded set standards for guidelines on toxicity.
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Malek, M. A., M. K. Islam, M. Akel, M. Salahuddin, S. H. Saw, and S. Lee. "Optimization of neon soft X-ray yield in a low-energy dense plasma focus device." Modern Physics Letters B 33, no. 07 (March 10, 2019): 1950077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984919500775.
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The modified version of Lee model code is used in numerical experiments for characterizing and optimizing neon soft X-ray yield ([Formula: see text]) of the United Nations University/International Center for Theoretical Physics Plasma Focus Facility (UNU/ICTP PFF) device operated at 14 kV and 30 [Formula: see text]. In our present work, the neon yield [Formula: see text] is improved with an optimized UNU/ICTP PFF device by computing the optimum combination of static inductance ([Formula: see text]), anode length ([Formula: see text]), anode radius ([Formula: see text]) and cathode radius ([Formula: see text]), keeping fixed their ratio ([Formula: see text]) at 3.368, through a lot of numerical experiments at six operating pressures ([Formula: see text]). At lower [Formula: see text] (e.g. 2.0, 2.5 and 3.3 Torr), the optimum [Formula: see text] value, together with the corresponding optimum combination of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], is found to be 15 nH, whereas at higher [Formula: see text] (e.g. 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 Torr), it is obtained as 10 nH. Though the computed maximum neon yield [Formula: see text] (57.2 J with the corresponding efficiency of 1.94%) is found at [Formula: see text], assuming an achievable range of incorporating low-inductance technology, the best optimum combination of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is found to be at [Formula: see text], resulting in the computed optimum neon yield [Formula: see text] of 54.60 J with a corresponding efficiency of 1.9%. This computed neon yield [Formula: see text] is about 11 times higher than the measured value [Formula: see text] at optimum [Formula: see text] of UNU/ICTP PFF. It is also observed that our computed neon yield [Formula: see text] is improved by around six times from the previously computed value, which was 9.5 J at the optimum [Formula: see text] Torr for optimum anode configuration of this machine. In addition, neon yield [Formula: see text] is obtained with our optimized combination of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] at 11.5 kV and compared with the measured neon yield [Formula: see text] of the NX2 machine.
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Jeng, Ming Jer, Wen Kai Lei, Wei Lun Ku, Liann Be Chang, Ching Wen Wu, Yong Tian Lu, and Sung Cheng Hu. "Base Pressure Effects on the Structure, Surface Roughness and Electrical Resistivity of Mo Thin Films by RF Magnetron Sputtering." Advanced Materials Research 213 (February 2011): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.213.161.
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Molybdenum (Mo) thin films were deposited on soda-lime glass substrate by using RF magnetron sputtering. As is well known, base pressure in sputtering is a processing parameter for preparing high quality Mo films, in addition to RF power and working pressure. The structure, surface roughness and electrical resistivity of Mo thin films were investigated at three base pressures of 1.8×10-7, 5.8×10-7and 2.7×10-6 torr. Experimental results indicate that the Mo films deposited at a low base pressure of 1.8×10-7 torr exhibit a low electrical resistivity of 8.910-6 –cm, a low root mean square value of roughness of 4.92nm and a stronger peak intensity of (110) plane than that of the other two pressures. This finding suggests that Mo films sputtered at a low base pressure have higher crystallinity, larger grain size, smoother surface morphology and lower electrical resistivity than those sputtered at a high base pressure.
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Kristina, Sonna, Ricky Sianturi, and Valian Janelven Wijaya. "Pengembangan Algoritma Ant Colony System Pada Heterogeneous Vehicle Routing Problem with Soft Time Window." Journal of Integrated System 3, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.28932/jis.v3i2.2839.
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Setiap perusahaan umumnya memiliki sistem distribusi dan transportasi dalam menunjang pengiriman barang kepada customer. Diperlukan sistem distribusi yang efektif dan efisien sehingga biaya dari transportasi dalam perusahaan dapat diminimasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan algoritma Ant Colony System (ACS) untuk model matematis Heterogeneous VehicleRouting Problem with Soft Time Window (HVRPSTW) pada penentuan rute transportasi yang dapat meminimasi biaya pada perusahaan PT XYZ. HVRPSTW merupakan VRP yang mempertimbangkan kendaraan yang beragam dan jendela waktu dengan adanya biaya penalti yang dibebankan apabila kendaraan tiba di luar waktu yang telah ditentukan. Salah satu cara yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan VRP adalah metode metaheuristic ACS. Metode ACS diimplementasikan untuk menemukan rute kendaraan terbaik sesuai dengan kendala-kendala yang sudah ditentukan. Tahapan awal adalah mencari solusi awal menggunakan metode Nearest Neighbour yang akan digunakan sebagai pheromone awal. Proses pencarian rute pada ACS menggunakan tahapan tour construction lalu dilakukan update pheromone. Pemecahan masalah akan dilakukan dengan bantuan aplikasi Python. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dihasilkan total jarak sebesar 1448,98 km dan total cost sebesar Rp. 3.582.367,86, di mana terjadi selisih jarak dengan penelitian sebelumnya menggunakan metode eksak sebesar 6,48 km (0,45%) dan selisih total biaya sebesar Rp. 42.248,86 (1,19%).
Kata kunci: ant colony optimization, vehicle routing problem, kapasitas kendaraan yang beragam, jendela waktu, biaya transportasi.
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Hintsch, Timo, Stefan Irnich, and Lone Kiilerich. "Branch-Price-and-Cut for the Soft-Clustered Capacitated Arc-Routing Problem." Transportation Science 55, no. 3 (May 2021): 687–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2020.1036.
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The soft-clustered capacitated arc-routing problem (SoftCluCARP) is a variant of the classical capacitated arc-routing problem. The only additional constraint is that the set of required edges, that is, the streets to be serviced, is partitioned into clusters, and feasible routes must respect the soft-cluster constraint, that is, all required edges of the same cluster must be served by the same vehicle. In this article, we design an effective branch-price-and-cut algorithm for the exact solution of the SoftCluCARP. Its new components are a metaheuristic and branch-and-cut-based solvers for the solution of the column-generation subproblem, which is a profitable rural clustered postman tour problem. Although postman problems with these characteristics have been studied before, there is one fundamental difference here: clusters are not necessarily vertex-disjoint, which prohibits many preprocessing and modeling approaches for clustered postman problems from the literature. We present an undirected and a windy formulation for the pricing subproblem and develop and computationally compare two corresponding branch-and-cut algorithms. Cutting is also performed at the master-program level using subset-row inequalities for subsets of size up to five. For the first time, these nonrobust cuts are incorporated into MIP-based routing subproblem solvers using two different modeling approaches. In several computational studies, we calibrate the individual algorithmic components. The final computational experiments prove that the branch-price-and-cut algorithm equipped with these problem-tailored components is effective: The largest SoftCluCARP instances solved to optimality have more than 150 required edges or more than 50 clusters.
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Zhu, Xun, Ming Gao, Wei Zhao, and Tianji Ge. "Does the Presence of Birdsongs Improve Perceived Levels of Mental Restoration from Park Use? Experiments on Parkways of Harbin Sun Island in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (March 27, 2020): 2271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072271.
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Green spaces in cities and urban parks serve as central areas for mental restoration and relieving pressure, and attention to soundscapes for their mental health benefits has become more prevalent. Birdsongs are perceived to enhance the restorative benefits of urban parks. This study examines Harbin Sun Island Park, the main bird habitat in the city of Harbin with numerous types of landscapes. We used space syntax to select the appropriate path space as a carrier and the pixel grid method to quantify path space shapes. A correlation analysis of field data was also used to explore the perceived restorative effects of birdsongs heard in urban parks using scales detailing the perceived restorative effects of various visual and auditory stimuli. The results show that soundscapes can significantly improve perceived recovery benefits, and that hearing birdsongs can significantly improve the perceived restorative benefits of wetland paths; the sky index of a tour path showed a significantly negative correlation with each feature (i.e., the four featured dimensions of “charm”, “escape”, “ductility” and “compatibility” included in the recovery scale), and the soft/hard ratio showed a significantly negative correlation with each studied feature. When the sky index ranged from 13–36%, tree coverage of the vertical coverage range was 30.28–38.6%, and when the soft/hard ratio ranged from 5–21, the perceived recovery benefit was strongest.
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Qin, Yusu, and Yang Qi. "The Informal Tourism Economic Model of the Ethnic Minority Regionsin Southwest China." Journal of Asian Development 4, no. 1 (April 15, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jad.v4i1.11887.
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Yunnan province located in Southwest China and owns a variety of tourism resource that makes him become one of the most popular tourist resorts. But, due to these ethnic minorities who are directly transferred from the primitive commune economy and feudal lord economy to modern market economy disable to grip the operation essence of the current economy system and the out-comers who are proficient in the market competition crowded out the natives and occupied the resources, the economy of Yunnan separated into two skin which produced the ethnic tensions and obstacles of economic development. Under this circumstance, informal economy plays a non-negligible role. Through a field work in the northeast areas of these regions, we found that a kind of informal tourism economy model that through constituted an informal tourism network which consisted of varieties of travel agencies, local restaurants, hotels and inns to collecting the individual tourists to forming a tour group called Individual Spell Group. This complementary network attracts tourists to buy their tour package in an ultra- low price and inducing them to shopping in some of special shopping spots operated by local ethnic minorities in a way we called ‘Soft compulsive shopping’. So, that, the funds be ingeniously transferred to the pocket of local ethnic minorities and then distributing to the other members of this network. In addition, our research found that by artfully utilizing the change of tax levy way, this kind of informal model also help local government to avoiding revenue levied by the state and keep the funds to developing this region. We believe the informal economy not only play an important role in some economic system especially where the modernity absent but also could efficiently solving the social problems, changing political force and, ultimately, effecting the people’s thinking.
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Milanović, Biljana. "The discourse of travelogues about Stevan Mokranjac and the Belgrade Choral Society in the national political context before the First World War." New Sound, no. 43-1 (2014): 52–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/newso1443052m.
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The paper deals with the travelogues Iz Beograda u Solun i Skoplje by Spira Kalik (1894), Sa Avale na Bosfor by Dragomir Brzak (1897), and Na Adriju by Milivoje Komarčić (1911), which describe the concert tours of Stevan Mokranjac and the Belgrade Choral Society to Thessaloniki and Skopje (1893), Sofia, Istanbul, and Plovdiv (1895), and Sarajevo, Mostar, Cetinje, Split, Šibenik, and Zadar (1910). The goal is to examine the discourse of these travelogues and to interpret it as a source on Mokranjac and his ensemble's missions abroad in the national-political context of the 1890s and the years preceding the First World War.
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Bartnikowska-Biernat, Magdalena. "Obraz kobiety włoskiej w literaturze XIX wieku i jego realizacja w Półdiablęciu weneckim Józefa Ignacego Kraszewskiego." Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka, no. 38 (October 15, 2020): 181–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pspsl.2020.38.8.
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The type of la donna Italiana, the statuesque woman with dark hair, light skin and large, black, hypnotic eyes was popularized among the European men of letters in the nineteenth century. This stereotype had already been solidified in eighteenth-century Italian phraseology, but it was later brought into general use by Madame de Staël and George Byron. The Italian poet of the late nineteenth century, Annetta Ceccoli Boneschi, gathered and described the most distinctive features of the female citizens of different regions of Italy used by foreign writers to create their heroines. Among others, the Venetians were supposed to be the most beautiful and seductive women, with their soft accent and smouldering gaze. In Poland, this type of heroine appeared in Józef Ignacy Kraszewski’s novel The Half-Demon of Venice, which is the main focus of this article. The creation of an Italian donna in this romance uses the stereotypes formed during the nineteenth century, but it also uses the individual observations made by Kraszewski himself during his tour through Italy.
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Roy, Federico A., Perk Lin Chong, and Sor Heoh Saw. "Correlation of measured neon soft X-ray pulses of the INTI plasma focus with the reflected shock phase at 12KV." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 32 (January 2014): 1460327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194514603275.
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The six-phase Lee Model Code is used to fit the computed current waveform to the measured waveform of the INTI Plasma Focus (PF;2.2 kJ at 12 kV), a T2 PF device, operated as a source of Neon soft X-ray (SXR) with optimum yield around 2.5 - 3 Torr of neon. The characteristic He-like and H-like neon line SXR pulse is measured using a pair of SXR detectors with selected filters that, by subtraction, have a photon energy window of 900 to 1550 eV covering the region of the characteristic neon SXR lines. The aim of this paper is to investigate the correlation between the time histories of the measured Neon soft X-ray pulse and the reflected shock phase of the computed current waveform which has been fitted to the measured current waveform. Results shows that the characteristic neon SXR measured at 3.17 J with a pulse duration of 249 ns starts typically after the radial inward shock phase and increases in magnitude few ns before the pinch phase. It tails unto the first anomalous resistance, and decays at the second anomalous resistance.
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Danilovic, Milorad, Milenko Ilic, Nenad Cupric, Slavica Antonic, and Dusan Stojnic. "Fuel consumption in the transport of technical broadleaf roundwood in lowland areas." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, suppl. (2015): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf15s1025d.
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This paper presents the results of an analysis of fuel consumption in the transport of technical roundwood of soft broadleaves from the felling site to a roadside landing using forwarders and tractor assemblies. The research was performed in various operating conditions in the area of FE "Banat" Pancevo. On the basis of the results of the analysis of variance, the data recorded in a variety of conditions were grouped. In addition, the dependence of fuel consumption on the average volume of tour was estimated. The results of the conducted analysis indicate that operating conditions significantly affect fuel consumption of the investigated vehicles. The elements of statistical analysis of the dependence of fuel consumption on the volume of load indicate that an increase in load causes increased fuel consumption per unit of production. Having in mind the results of the analysis of variance, unique norms of fuel consumption were adopted for practical purposes. The highest average consumption (1.21 L/m3) was achieved by a tractor assembly (Same Laser 130 tractor and Imako TP12 trailer with a Loglift 61F hydraulic crane), while significantly lower consumption was achieved by a John Deere 1210E forwarder (1.06 L/m3). In favourable operating conditions, consumption of the forwarder was about 0.9 L/m3.
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Boness, Neil. "Tour de force: Brown, Michelle PThe Lindisfarne gospels: society, spirituality and the scribe.British Library studies in medieval culture. London: British Library, 2003. 479p £19.95 soft ISBN 0712348077." Australian Library Journal 53, no. 2 (May 2004): 204–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049670.2004.10721629.
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Mandel, Irwin D. "A Contemporary View of Salivary Research." Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 4, no. 3 (April 1993): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10454411930040034701.
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The past 50 years of salivary research has been marked by a series of changing perceptions as new techniques and technologies have illuminated the complexities of the secretory mechanism, salivary composition, and function. The modem era began with the innovations of electrophoresis, chromatography, histochemistry, immunochemistry, electron microscopy, and microphysiology. The idea of saliva as primarily a digestive fluid composed of salts, amylase, and mucin was rapidly broadened to encompass a wide spectrum of protective proteins with the dual responsibility of protecting both hard and soft tissues. Characterization of the secretory IgA and nonimmunological antibacterial systems and the proteins responsible for the regulation of calcium and phosphate levels dominated the research in the 1960s and 1970s. An appreciation of the nature, formation, and role of the salivary pellicle and the interplay between bacterial adherence and agglutination provided a clinical thrust. Morphologists and physiologists redefined the secretory process on a molecular level. The 1980s saw the union of structure and function, both in terms of synthesis and release of the secretory products and their specific roles in the oral cavity in health and disease. The excitement of the 1990s is in the genetic control of processes and products, elucidating the mechanisms, and using the information to improve on nature: an era of great expectations and hubris. This article is essentially a personal guided tour through the past 50 years of salivary research.
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Douglas, Heather. "Customary Law, Sentencing and the Limits of the State." Canadian journal of law and society 20, no. 1 (April 2005): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jls.2006.0005.
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RésuméLa question de la punition coutumière, particulièrement de la rétribution («payback»), a étiré les limites du droit pénal dans une série de décisions sentencielles dans le Territoire du Nord de l'Australie. Des arrêts australiens successifs ont établi que le droit pénal aborigène ne s'applique plus au-delà de l'établissement britannique. Cependant, la jurisprudence dans le Territoire du Nord ne reflète pas cette position. La réponse judiciaire aux punitions coutumières y fut de développer une sorte de pluralisme soft. Les juges y tiennent compte de la punition suggérée sans toutefois l'endosser formellement. Le système judiciaire tente de garder le contrôle sur la punition coutumière mais dépend des communautés aborigènes pour s'assurer tant d'une réponse coutumière adéquate que de l'exécution des punitions promises. Ceci crée une situation complexe dans laquelle les Aborigènes sont à la fois surveillés et surveillants, alors que l'État contrôle tout en ne contrôlant pas.
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Toukabri, Rim, and Yujun Shi. "Effect of pressure on the gas-phase chemistry when using monomethylsilane and dimethylsilane in hot-wire chemical vapor deposition." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 93, no. 1 (January 2015): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2014-0238.
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The effect of source gas pressure on the gas-phase reaction chemistry of dimethylsilane (DMS) and monomethylsilane (MMS) in the hot-wire chemical vapor deposition process has been studied by examining the secondary gas-phase reaction products in a reactor using a soft laser ionization source coupled with mass spectrometry. For DMS, the increase in sample pressure has resulted in the formation of small hydrocarbons, including ethene, acetylene, propene, and propyne. This leads to a switch from silylene dominant chemistry to a free radical dominant one with the pressure increase at low filament temperatures of 1200 and 1300 °C. At the lower pressure of 0.12 Torr, the formation of 1,1,2,2-tetramethyldisilane by dimethylsilylene insertion reaction into the Si–H bond in DMS is favored over trimethylsilane produced from a free radical recombination reaction for a short reaction time. However, when the pressure is increased by 10 times, the gas-phase chemistry becomes dominated by the formation of trimethylsilane. We have demonstrated that trapping of the corresponding active intermediates by the small hydrocarbons produced in situ is responsible for the observed switch. In the study with MMS, the gas-phase chemistry is dominated by the formation of 1,2-dimethyldisilane and 1,3-disilacyclobutane at both pressures of 0.48 and 1.2 Torr. Unlike DMS, the gas-phase reaction chemistry with MMS does not involve free radicals, which are the precursors to produce small hydrocarbons. The absence of small hydrocarbons formed in situ with MMS explains the preservation in chemistry upon the increase in pressure when MMS is used as a source gas.
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Amey, Patrick, and Sébastien Salerno. "« T’en es où avec Arlette ? » : Infotainement et traitement des élus politiques à la télévision française." Articles 28, no. 2 (September 22, 2009): 99–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/038076ar.
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Résumé Alors qu’en France les rapports entre les médias et les élites politiques sont plus que jamais questionnés (recrudescence des « soft news », « peoplisation » et personnalisation du politique), il convient de prendre du recul et d’examiner comment la parole des élus politiques s’est historiquement mise en scène à la télévision ces trois dernières décennies. L’examen successif des grands entretiens politiques (« L’heure de vérité », France 2 : 1982-1995), de la vague des forums (« Médiations », TF1 : 1987-1992 ; « Du fer dans les épinards », France 2 : 1997-1998) et des talk shows contemporains (« Tout le monde en parle », France 2 : 1998-2006 ; « Le Grand Journal », Canal+ : dès 2004) amène à faire le constat suivant : dans le contexte d’un marché de l’audiovisuel dérégulé, de la crise du modèle de communication politique français et de la montée de l’individualisme, les récents talk shows nocturnes programmés sur les chaînes françaises ont contribué à une forme de relégation symbolique des élus politiques.
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Johnson, John A., and Sanko Lewis. "From Individual Heroes to National Performers: The Shift in Taekwondo’s Peace Promotion Activities." Physical Activity Review 8, no. 2 (2020): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/par.2020.08.23.
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The writings of early taekwondo pioneers promote peace through the practice of the martial art and, later, the combat sport. These pioneers charged taekwondo practitioners with a duty to contribute to justice, defend the weak, and build a more peaceful world. National and international taekwondo organizations such as the Kukkiwon, World Taekwondo (WT), and the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) have taken up the charge of peace promotion through taekwondo by means of transnational events, such as goodwill tours and joint taekwondo demonstrations by adversarial states (e.g., South and North Korea). These activities are soft diplomacy initiatives and have seen some level of success. While these soft diplomacy activities are in line with the goal of peace promotion that the early pioneers advocated, they are qualitatively different from what the pioneers advocated. Originally, the responsibility of peace promotion was on the individual taekwondo practitioner, who ought to cultivate moral character, courage, and martial art skill in order to uphold justice and defend the weak. With the current use of taekwondo for soft diplomacy, the responsibility of peace promotion has shifted from the individual practitioner to the governing bodies, such as WT and the ITF. Instead of focusing on issues surrounding justice and the protection of the weak, these national and international organizations focus on geopolitical cooperation, which is mediated through cultural exchange activities in the form of taekwondo demonstrations. These events involve activities such as acrobatic performances, dance routines, and board breaking that require little combat skill and may not pose the risk of serious injury to the individual practitioners, mainstays of the individual heroes of old. The charge to safeguard justice and physically defend the weak, which are acts of true courage as was envisioned by the taekwondo pioneers, is mostly ignored.
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Ajala, A. O., S. I. Ogunjimi, O. S. Famuwagun, and A. T. Adebimpe. "Poultry production in Nigeria: exploiting its potentials for rural youth empowerment and entrepreneurship." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i1.2890.
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Sustainable rural development cannot occur without rural youth empowerment for entrepreneurship. In the face of the current staggering level of youth unemployment in Nigeria, there is the obvious need to seek for ways of empowering the youth for sustainable development. Poultry keeping stands as resource that can generate employment for millions of Nigerian youths in rural and peri-urban areas as entrepreneurs, skilled and unskilled workers. This paper through a review of literature examined the importance of poultry and explored how it can be exploited as a panacea for youth unemployment through entrepreneurship. It explores the potentials of it and shows the way the potentials of poultry can be harnessed for all youth empowerment programmes. It recommended that government, big farms, international and national corporations, should be involved in youth empowerment programmes through youth entrepreneurship in poultry production. Banks and other financial institutions should be mandated to assist the youth with soft loans in cash and kind through the provision of poultry infrastructure so as to make poultry farming attractive to the youth. A well-funded poultry extension advisory service need to be established to ensure the sustainability of the youth empowerment/ entrepreneurship poultry programmes across the country. Le développement rural durable ne peut que se faire sans l'autonomisation des jeunes ruraux pour l'esprit d'entreprise. Face au niveau actuel stupéfiant de chômage des jeunes au Nigéria, il est évident qu'il est nécessaire de chercher des moyens d'autonomiser les jeunes pour le développement durable. L'élevage de volailles est une ressource qui peut générer des emplois pour des millions de jeunes Nigérians dans les zones rurales et périurbaines en tant qu'entrepreneurs, travailleurs qualifiés et non qualifiés. Cet article, à travers un examen de la littérature, a examiné l'importance de la volaille et exploré comment elle peut être exploitée comme panacée pour le chômage des jeunes par l'entrepreneuriat. Il explore les potentiels de celui-ci et montre comment les potentiels de la volaille peuvent être exploités pour tous les programmes d'autonomisation des jeunes. Il a recommandé que le gouvernement, les grandes exploitations agricoles, les entreprises internationales et nationales participent à des programmes d'autonomisation des jeunes par l'entrepreneuriat des jeunes dans la production avicole. Les banques et autres institutions financières devraient avoir pour mandat d'aider les jeunes avec des prêts à taux doux en espèces et en nature par la fourniture d'infrastructures avicoles afin de rendre l'élevage avicole attrayant pour les jeunes. Un service consultatif bien financé de vulgarisation de la volaille doit être mis en place pour assurer la durabilité des programmes d'autonomisation des jeunes et d'entrepreneuriat de la volaille dans tout le pays.
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Forel, Claire A. "Un bon exercice de lecture du Cours de linguistique générale." Entornos 29, no. 2 (November 30, 2016): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.25054/01247905.1272.
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Cet article va rendre compte d’aspects de la transmission de la pensée saussurienne qui ont surgi lors de la préparation et du déroulement (en cours actuellement) d’un séminaire intitulé Reading Saussure and Chomsky. Comme Chomsky n’avait pu lire que le seul CLG, nous prendrons cet ouvrage comme point de repère que nous confronterons aux notes des étudiants, à celles de Saussure ainsi qu’à la Collation Sechehaye (Sofia 2015) récemment parue. Nous prendrons trois passages : les premières lignes du CLG; le fameux circuit de la parole (tous deux dans l’«Introduction» du CLG), et la célèbre comparaison de la langue avec le jeu d’échecs (CLG: 125 et 153) qui avait retenu l’attention de Chomsky. Nous verrons des exemples d’adjonction ou de suppression par rapport aux notes des étudiants, des reformulations qui mettent une meilleure lecture de la pensée saussurienne, ainsi que de+s modifications aux schémas notés par les auditeurs apportés par Bally et Sechehaye. Nousverrons aussi comment Chomsky a choisi de retenir ce qui l’intéressait dans l’œuvre de Saussure, quitte à laisser de côté des aspects qui auraient dû l’interpeler
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Marshall, Andrew J., and Buddy D. Ratner. "Quantitative Microscopy for Analysis of Hydrogel Pore Structure." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 834–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600030245.
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Introduction Applications for porous biomaterials include scaffolds for tissue engineering and spatial control of wound healing. Porous hydrogels are of particular interest due to their hydrophilic nature, elasticity, and mechanical compatibility with soft tissues. We present an optical technique for quantitatively analyzing the pore structure of porous hydrogel materials. The technique presented here is especially useful for analyzing a new class of porous hydrogels with spherical pore shape. Many important properties of the three-dimensional pore structure of these materials can be quantitatively described by analyzing a twodimensional slice (thin section) of material.Materials and MethodsPorous cross-linked hydrogels were prepared using a previously described method. Briefly, poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (polyHEMA) was polymerized around a pore template of close-packed poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microspheres (Sekisui Plastics, grade MB-8C or MB-20C). The microspheres were then leached out with 90% v/v acetone.Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were obtained using an FEI 2020 Environmental SEM with a gun voltage of 15 kV and a chamber pressure of 5 torr.
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Indacochea, J. E., J. Beres, and A. Polar. "Interface Development in Joining Yttria Stabilized Zirconia to Stainless Steel by In Situ Alloying with Ni/Ti Filler Metals." Solid State Phenomena 127 (September 2007): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.127.19.
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There is need for efficient energy conversion systems based on domestic fossil or biofuels. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC's) are attractive in this case, however sealing is a critical issue in SOFC development. The purpose of this investigation is to find a procedure to seal yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte to the stainless steel electrical interconnect or gas manifold. The seal is usually exposed to high temperatures in the range of 500 to 1000°C. Brazing by in-situ alloying of nickel and titanium foils was performed to braze zirconia to 444- stainless steel. Different combinations of nickel/titanium foils were used; brazing was done in vacuum at 6 x 10-6 torr at 960°C, 1010, and 1030°C for different brazing times. The braze and interfacial microstructures were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). This paper assesses the effect of process parameters on the development and stability of the braze metal and the interactions of the filler metal with the two substrates.
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Richards, Jeff G., and Richard C. Playle. "Protective effects of calcium against the physiological effects of exposure to a combination of cadmium and copper in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 77, no. 7 (October 20, 1999): 1035–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-070.
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We report that an elevated aqueous calcium (Ca) concentration protects against acute respiratory and osmoregulatory action due to exposure to a combination of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), but does not protect against longer term ionoregulatory disruption. Trout exposed to 0.18 µM Cd and 0.80 µM Cu in soft water (40 µM Ca, 440 µM Na, pH 6.6) experienced a 60-torr decrease in arterial oxygen tension, a 5.5 mM increase in blood lactate concentration, and severe haemoconcentration as indicated by a 1.4-fold decrease in mean cell haemoglobin concentration, all of which occurred within 24 h. The addition of Ca to soft water (to reach 910 µM Ca, added as CaCl2; 430 µM Na, pH 6.8) eliminated these severe effects and slowed Cd uptake by the gills, plasma, and liver of trout, probably through competition for binding at gill Ca channels, but Ca did not affect Cu uptake by the gills or its entry into the plasma. Associated with slower Cd accumulation and unchanged Cu accumulation in the plasma were slow decreases in plasma concentrations of Na, Cl, and Ca, which were prevented initially by adding Ca to the water. Modelling using a modified aqueous chemistry computer program, MINEQL+, and previously published gill binding constants accurately simulated the initial (18 h) accumulation of Cd and Cu by trout gills and thus predicted acute toxicity, but our model did not adequately simulate the physiological mechanisms of Cd accumulation by trout gills over longer exposures up to 130 h.
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MARINACCIO, JESSICA. "Soft Power in a Hard Shell: The Fleet of Friendship of the ROC Navy and Taiwan’s Performative Cultural Diplomacy in the Pacific." Issues & Studies 53, no. 02 (June 2017): 1750004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1013251117500047.
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In 1967, Taiwan began dispatching a portion of its navy, the ROC “Fleet of Friendship,” on goodwill missions to allied nations to strengthen diplomatic friendships. Since that time, one of the major areas of focus for fleet visits has been Taiwan’s allies in the Pacific. In an attempt to move beyond emphasis on the China–Taiwan rivalry in the Pacific, this paper examines firsthand sources to advance three modes of contextualizing the Fleet of Friendship and reveals various layers of historical, pragmatic, and symbolic meaning that exist beyond simple competition with China. First, with specific focus on the performances presented during the fleet’s goodwill visits, this paper contextualizes fleet performances within Taiwan’s unique history, including an extended Martial Law period and tensions regarding the concept of “multiculturalism.” Second, the paper more broadly examines the fleet as a holistic entity on three levels: a hard-power superstructure in which the fleet serves as a reminder of military power; soft-power content in which the activities of the fleet run at cross-purposes with its symbolic military nature; and a hard-power underbelly, in which Taiwanese embassy descriptions of fleet performances and Pacific reporting evince concepts of frenzy, threat, and potential violence. Finally, the paper highlights ulterior motives interlaced within the fleet’s goodwill tours and contextualizes these motives based on other aspects of Taiwan’s diplomacy in the Pacific that demonstrate similar trends. The article evinces the importance of situating analysis of Taiwan’s cultural diplomacy and soft power within a variety of contexts and demonstrates the nuance inherent within Taiwan’s Pacific diplomacy.
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Basargin, Andrei A. "CREATING A GEOSERVICE FOR AN OBJECT ON THE TERRITORY OF THE NOVOSIBIRSK REGION ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SANATORIUM AND TOURIST COMPLEX "LAKE KARACHI"." Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 26, no. 1 (2021): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2021-26-1-86-97.
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An important task for the development of modern society is the organization of operational access to spatial data. In modern conditions, geoportal technologies are successfully used to implement this task. Spatial information plays an important role in tourism activities, as the visual representation of travel routes, main attractions and tourist infrastructure has a great impact on the promotion of ser-vices. The main goal of the work is to develop a tourist geo-service for the Lake Karachi sanatorium and tourist Park. This article considers the process of creating a geoservice using the "MapInfo" soft-ware. The developed methodology contains recommendations for preparing cartographic information for publication on interactive geospatial services. Web maps are equipped with additional tools that allow you to perform various types of search, create and edit objects in vector layers, use analytical services and other useful tools. There is a tool for embedding interactive maps from geoservice in oth-er sites, while retaining most of the features and tools. There was conducted a study to determine the role of information and geoinformation technologies in the tourism industry. The article proves the relevance of developing a tourist web map of the sanatorium and tourist complex "Lake Karachi" for the geoservice of the same name. The work presents the content and structure of the created tourist web map, and develops an algorithm for creating thematic web maps. It also gives the developed sys-tem of symbols, as well as the results of the study. As a result, there was created the geoservice for the development of tourist recreation in the Novosibirsk region on the territory of the sanatorium and tour-ist complex "Lake Karachi".
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Gouin, Jean-Luc. "Merleau-Ponty et le marxisme ou La difficulté de tolérer l’intolérable." Articles 18, no. 1 (August 6, 2007): 95–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/027142ar.
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RÉSUMÉ L'extrême barbarie de la seconde guerre mondiale, et l'espoir d'une vie différente pour l'humanité, ont amené M. Merleau-Ponty à réfléchir sur le marxisme - théorique d'une part, stalinien d'autre part. Notre projet consiste à suivre son cheminement intellectuel à cet égard depuis ses premiers écrits politiques de '45 jusqu'en I960, quelques mois à peine avant sa mort subite survenue il y a exactement trente ans, en mai 1961. Mais en quoi est-il pertinent, à l'heure où un vent d'Histoire plane sur l'Est, de revenir sur des textes dont certains atteindront bientôt le demi-siècle ? C'est que l'auteur a vu clair avant presque tout le monde, de telle sorte qu'il réussit à identifier, inscrite dès l'origine dans son propre système, l'asphyxie inévitable du régime soviétique. Aussi, lire le Merleau-Ponty de ces années pas si lointaines, c'est lire à notre avis l'URSS de Gorbatchev et voir également s'épanouir la nouvelle Europe depuis Prague jusqu'à Sofia. C'est comprendre du même souffle - ce que n'eût point désavoué Marx - qu'on ne saurait bâillonner indéfiniment, enracinée dans le tissu de l'homme, la Volonté-de-liberté des peuples et des nations.
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Amis, T. C., N. O’Neill, T. Van Der Touw, A. Tully, and A. Brancatisano. "Supraglottic airway pressure-flow relationships during oronasal airflow partitioning in dogs." Journal of Applied Physiology 81, no. 5 (November 1, 1996): 1958–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1996.81.5.1958.
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Amis, T. C., N. O’Neill, T. Van der Touw, A. Tully, and A. Brancatisano. Supraglottic airway pressure-flow relationships during oronasal airflow partitioning in dogs. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(5): 1958–1964, 1996.—We studied pressure-flow relationships in the supraglottic airway of eight prone mouth-open anesthetized (intravenous chloralose or pentobarbital sodium) crossbred dogs (weight 15–26 kg) during increasing respiratory drive (CO2administration; n = 4) and during graded-voltage electrical stimulation (SV; n = 4) of the soft palate muscles. During increased respiratory drive, inspiratory airflow occurred via both the nose (V˙n) and mouth (V˙m), with the ratio of V˙n toV˙m [%(V˙n/V˙m)] decreasing maximally from 16.0 ± 7.0 (SD) to 2.4 ± 1.6% ( P < 0.05). Simultaneously, oral airway resistance at peak inspiratory flow decreased from 2.1 ± 1.0 to 0.4 ± 0.4 cmH2O ( P < 0.05), whereas nasal airway resistance did not change (14.4 ± 7.2 to 13.1 ± 5.4 cmH2O; P = 0.29). Inspiratory pressure-flow plots of the oral airway were inversely curvilinear or more complex in nature. Nasal pathway plots, however, demonstrated a positive linear relationship in all animals ( r = 0.87 ± 0.11; all P < 0.001). During electrical stimulation of soft palate muscle contraction accompanied by graded constant-inspiratory airflows of 45–385 ml/s through an isolated upper airway, %(V˙n/V˙m) decreased from 69 ± 50 to 10 ± 13% at a SV of 84 ± 3% of maximal SV ( P < 0.001). At a SV of 85 ± 1% of maximum, normalized oral airway resistance (expressed as percent baseline) fell to 5 ± 3%, whereas normalized nasal resistance was 80 ± 9% (both P< 0.03). Thus control of oronasal airflow partitioning in dogs appears mediated more by alterations in oral route geometry than by closure of the nasopharyngeal airway.
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Lovell, Julia. "THE USES OF FOREIGNERS IN MAO-ERA CHINA: ‘TECHNIQUES OF HOSPITALITY’ AND INTERNATIONAL IMAGE-BUILDING IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC, 1949–1976." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 25 (September 8, 2015): 135–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0080440115000067.
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ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on the inner workings of Mao-era China's ‘foreign affairs’ system (waishi xitong): the complex, comprehensive web of bureaucracy woven after 1949 to monitor and control Chinese contact with the outside world. It explores one of the channels along which the People's Republic between 1949 and 1976 tried to project international, soft-power messages beyond conventional diplomatic channels: the inviting of so-called ‘foreign guests’ (waibin) on carefully planned tours around China, often with all or at least some expenses paid. Earlier accounts of this hospitality have evoked a machine of perfect control, carefully judged to manipulate visitors and rehearsed to ensure flawless performances by Chinese hosts. Using memoirs and Chinese archival documents, the paper discusses the attitude of top-level leaders to such visits, the way in which trips were prepared and planned, and the successes and weaknesses of the system. It argues that the People's Republic of China's hosting programme had a domestic as well as an international purpose. Although foreigners were the official target (and indeed, Maoist China's ‘techniques of hospitality’ garnered some rich international political dividends) the government also used the preparation for and execution of hosting duties to underscore at home the triumph of the revolution.
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McLean, Michelle. "Shanachie Tour: A Library Road Trip Across America: BY ERIK BOEKESTEJIN AND JAAP VAN DE GEER PHOTOGRAPHS BY GEERT VAN DEN BOOGAARDMedford, NJ: Information Today, 2008. 129 pp.+DVD US$39.50 soft cover ISBN 9781573873604." Australian Library Journal 59, no. 1-2 (February 2010): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049670.2010.10735966.
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López-Cuevas, J., M. I. Pech-Canul, J. L. Rodríguez-Galicia, and J. C. Rendón-Angeles. "A Practical Procedure for Measuring Contact Angles in Wettability Studies by the Sessile Drop Method." MRS Advances 4, no. 57-58 (2019): 3143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.373.
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ABSTRACTAn old procedure used to carry out a graphical derivation of curves, which is based on the optical properties of plane mirrors, has been adapted for the measurement of the contact angle (θ) formed between a liquid drop and a flat solid substrate in wettability experiments carried out by the so-called “sessile drop” method. The method was tested for mercury on soda-lime glass at room temperature in air as well as for Cusil (Ag-28wt.%Cu) and Incusil-ABA (Ag-27wt.%Cu-12wt.%In-2wt.%Ti) brazing alloys on pressureless-sintered silicon carbide (PLS-SiC) at 850 °C, under a vacuum of 10-4/10-5 Torr. The proposed method is fast, simple and accurate enough from high (∼140°) to relatively low (∼10°) contact angles. Although the proposed method has been tested for metal-ceramic systems, it is of general application, so that it would be useful for any liquid-solid system. The method is applicable for any temperature, pressure and atmospheric experimental conditions employed, as well as for any chemical composition of liquid and solid. It is also useful for both low and high contact angles, as well as for reactive and non-reactive systems, as long as a photograph of a liquid drop resting on a flat solid surface is available for the studied system.
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Ghazali, Mohd Shafiq, Fadhlur Rahman Mohd Romlay, and Abang Annuar Ehsan. "Manufacturing of Polymer-based 1×2 Y-branch Symmetric and Asymmetric Waveguide Coupler through Moulding Technique." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 18, no. 3 (September 19, 2021): 8998–9005. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.18.3.2021.12.0689.
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Manufacturing of Y-branch coupler depends on high technology production equipment and in-factory accuracy assembly tools. The manufacturing of a 1×2 Y-branch symmetric and asymmetric waveguide coupler based on the mould replication process and Epoxy OG142 as an optical core is presented; an alternative to provide a less complex technique. The polymer optical waveguide adopted two basic designs: the 1×2 Y-branch symmetric coupler as the core structure and the 1×2 asymmetric coupler that allows non-symmetric optical splitting. This paper focused on the main structure fabrication of the 1×2 symmetric and asymmetric waveguide coupler that produces a power output. The fabrication was done by engraving acrylic to produce a master mould using CNC machining tools for optical devices. Both 1×2 devices were made via soft lithography, which duplicated the pattern from the master mould onto a second mould to produce an actual device. Optical polymer epoxy OG142 was injected into the second mould, of which the product was then put on top of acrylic. The device was completed after curing the optical polymer glue, epoxy OG142, by exposing the assembly on the second mould under UV light until both parts bonded. The difference between the simulation and design TOFR value was only ±2%. This showed that the simulation and design are in good agreement, which provides similar performance.