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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sodium'
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Thompson, Laura M. "The depletion of nitric oxide by reaction with molten sodium carbonate and sodium carbonate/sodium sulfide mixtures." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5797.
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Pryce, Morris David Jonathan. "Sodium Ordering and the Control of Properties in Sodium Cobaltate." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486940.
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Sodium Cobaltate has emerged as a material of exceptional scientific interest, but the role of sodium ordering has until now been poorly understood. The main result of this thesis is the determination of the Na superstructures using neutron diffraction. The organisational principles and the effects on the physical properties are also determined. Single crystals grown using the floating-zone technique were screened and cleaved to a single grain using SXD at ISIS. This instrument surveys huge regions of reciprocal space using the time-of-flight neutron Laue diffraction technique, and the 3D data sets reveal a kaleidoscope of superlattice diffraction patterns, including 12-fold rings and a hexagon-of-hexagons. The ordering and its associated distortion field are governed by pure electrostatics, and the organisational principle is the stabilisation of charge droplets that order long range at some simple fractional fillings. The whole data set can be understood in terms of a square lattice of trivacancy clusters that transform to stripe phases via shear distortions. The results provide a good starting point to understand the electronic properties in terms of a Hubbard Hamiltonian that takes into account the electrostatic potential for the sodium superstructure. The resulting depth of the potential wells in the Co layer is greater than the single-particle hopping kinetic energy and as a consequence, holes preferentially occupy the lowest potential regions. The multivacancy clusters form cages in which Na ions vibrate, disrupting the propagation of phonon excitations, and leading to excellent thermoelectric properties.
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Warrington, P. L. "Sodium-ceramic reactions." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373344.
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Nose, Masafumi. "Studies on Sodium-containing Transition Metal Phosphates for Sodium-ion Batteries." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215565.
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Lee, Chi-Ming. "Pitting corrosion inhibition of mild steel by sodium molybdate and sodium silicate." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292172.
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Wu, Di Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "A layered sodium titanate as promising anode material for sodium ion batteries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/93004.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 58-60).
Sodium ion batteries have recently received great attention for large-scale energy applications because of the abundance and low cost of sodium source. Although some cathode materials with desirable electrochemical properties have been proposed, it's quite challenging to develop suitable anode materials with high energy density and good cyclability for sodium ion batteries. Herein, we report a layered material, 03-NaTiO2, that delivers 130mAhg-1 of reversible capacity and presents excellent cyclability with capacity retention over 97.5% after 40 cycles and high rate capability. Furthermore, by coupling the electrochemical process with in situ X-ray diffraction, the structure evolution and variation of cell parameters corresponding to an 03-03' phase transition during sodium deintercalation is investigated. Unusual lattice parameter variation was observed by in situ XRD, which can be related to the structure modulation with varying Na vacancy ordering. An irreversible structural modification upon overcharging is also confirmed by in situ XRD. In summary, our work demonstrates that 03-NaTiO2 is a very promising anode material for sodium ion batteries with high energy density.
by Di Wu.
S.M.
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Carnevali, Sofia. "Unsteady aspects of sodium-water reaction : water cleaning of sodium containing equipments." Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2034.
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Cette thèse s’insère dans le cadre des réacteurs rapides à caloporteur sodium (RNRNA) pour lesquels la connaissance approfondie de la réaction chimique entre le sodium et l’eau représente un challenge important aussi bien pour les opérations de traitement du sodium mises en oeuvre durant l’exploitation ou le démantèlement des installations actuelles que pour la filaire SFR (Sodium Fast Reactor) qui est un des concepts de référence envisagé pour les réacteurs de IV génération (R4G). Le sodium est utilisé dans ce type de réacteurs comme réfrigérant primaire du fait de ses propriétés thermiques et neutroniques. Toutefois, le sodium réagit énergiquement avec l’eau (en produisant principalement de l’hydrogène et de la soude) : la compréhension et la maîtrise de cette réaction représentent un enjeu majeur pour la sûreté des réacteurs. Jusqu’à aujourd’hui, le caractère explosif du contact entre sodium et eau était attribué à la réaction secondaire entre l’hydrogène (produit par la réaction sodium-eau) et l’oxygène présent dans l’air. Une importante recherche bibliographique a été conduite et plusieurs expériences ont démontré la présence de réaction explosive aussi bien en présence qu’en absence d’air. Par conséquence, les phénomènes explosifs ne sont pas forcement liés à la présence d’oxygène. La reprise de l’analyse des essais réalisés au CEA, a permis d’avoir une meilleure compréhension phénoménologique de la réaction. L’importance de la vaporisation de l’eau et son potentiel explosif ont été mis en évidence. D’autres essais ont été réalisés dans le cadre de cette thèse pour compléter la compréhension des aspects dynamiques de la réaction. L’étude et l’application aux résultats expérimentaux avec le modèle actuellement utilisé au CEA a bien démontré la nécessité de développer un modèle physique capable de prévoir les effets de pression qui suivent l’interaction entre le sodium et l’eau. Un modèle physique a donc été proposé sur la base des phénomènes identifiés pendant la première partie de cette thèse. Les résultats sont en très bon accord avec les données expérimentales. En conclusion, la complexité de l’interaction entre le sodium et l’eau, qui implique des phénomènes en cinétique rapide en même temps chimiques et thermodynamiques a représenté un important challenge. Ceci a abouti à une meilleure compréhension phénoménologique de la réaction et à la proposition d’un modèle physique tenant compte des aspects thermochimiques et dynamiques, capable d’évaluer les effets explosifs de l’interactionSodium fast Reactor (FSR) is one of the most promising nuclear reactor concepts in the frame of Generation IV systems to be commercialised in the next decades. One important safety issue about this technology is the highly exothermal chemical reaction of sodium when brought in contact with liquid water. This situation is likely, in particular during decommissioning, when sodium needs to be firstly converted (‘destroyed’) into non reactive species. This is achieved by water washing : the major products are then gaseous hydrogen and corrosive soda. Today, such operations are performed in confined chambers to mitigate the consequences of any possible abnormal conditions. It has for long been believed that the main safety problem was the combustion of hydrogen in the surrounding air despite some pioneering works suggested that even without air the reaction could be explosive. It is extremely important to clarify the phenomenology of sodium-water interactions since available knowledge does not allow a robust extrapolation of existing data/model to full scale plants. The primary objective of this work is to identify and assess the details of the phenomenology, especially at the sodium/water interface, to isolate the leading mechanisms and to propose a robust and innovative modelling approach. A large body of yet unreleased experimental data extracted from the files of the French Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA) was collated and analysed on the basis of “explosion” physics. Some additional experiments were also performed to fill some gaps, especially about the kinetics of the reaction. The results strongly suggest that the fast expansion of gas producing a blast wave in certain conditions is a kind of vapour explosion. It also appears that any potential hydrogen-air explosion should be strongly mitigated by the large quantity of water vapour emanating also from the reaction zone. The limitations of existing modelling approaches are clearly identified and alternatives are proposed and offer a better perspective of extrapolation to full scale installations
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Wester, Leanna E. "Offering sodium bentonite and sodium bicarbonate free-choice to lactating dairy cattle." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34899.
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The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of free-choice intake of sodium bentonite and sodium bicarbonate on physiological and production parameters. Eight Jerseys and seventeen Holsteins (four fistulated) were randomly assigned to two groups to equalize stage of lactation, age and production history. Two diets were fed: diet 1 without added sodium bicarbonate and diet 2 with sodium bicarbonate added at 1.2% of dry matter. Each group followed a different diet regime: 1) diet 1 with no free-choice (D1-NFC), 2) diet 2 with no free-choice (D2-NFC), 3) diet 1 with free-choice (D1-WFC), and 4) diet 2 with free-choice (D2-WFC). Free-choice options of sodium bentonite and sodium bicarbonate were offered side by side in a covered feeder to breed groups. Diets were changed every 10 d to provide 8 periods with a repetition of each diet regime. All diets were adjusted to 17% ADF and 17% CP. There were no differences with either breed among diets for blood and fecal observations or milk protein. Urine specific gravity was lower in both breeds when sodium bicarbonate was force-fed. Holsteins force-fed sodium bicarbonate had greater intake and milk production than Holsteins not force-fed. In Jerseys, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) decreased when sodium bicarbonate was added to the TMR. During periods in which cows were allowed free-choice access to sodium bentonite and sodium bicarbonate, Jerseys had higher urine pH, fat-corrected milk, MUN, and dry matter intake (DMI), and Holsteins had higher milk fat percentages and fecal pH.Master of Science
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Raab, Eric Lowell. "Trapping sodium with light." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118103.
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Simone, Virginie. "Développement d'accumulateurs sodium-ion." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI092/document.
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Au vu d’une demande croissante pour un stockage d’énergie à grande échelle, il est préférable de se tourner vers des matériaux peu coûteux et répandus. De ce point de vue, le sodium, qui présente des caractéristiques très proches de celles du lithium, présente également l’avantage d’être peu coûteux, abondant et réparti uniformément dans le monde. Cette thèse porte sur l’étude d’un système complet Na-ion constitué d’un carbone dur à l’électrode négative et d’un oxyde lamellaire à l’électrode positive. Un volet sur l’électrolyte a également été abordé.Concernant l’électrode négative, l’influence de la température de pyrolyse de la cellulose sur la structure des carbones durs et sur les performances électrochimiques a été étudiée. Une graphitisation localisée, une fermeture des pores et une évolution de la porosité interne avec la température de pyrolyse ont pu être observées. Les meilleures performances électrochimiques ont été obtenues pour le matériau synthétisé à 1600 °C : une capacité réversible d’environ 300 mAh.g-1 stable sur 200 cycles est atteinte à 37,2 mA.g-1 avec une efficacité coulombique initiale de 84 %. Pour mieux comprendre les mécanismes d’insertion du sodium dans ces matériaux, des études par spectroscopie d’impédance, SAXS et EDX ont été réalisées sur des carbones durs cyclés à différents potentiels.Le matériau d’électrode positive choisi est l’oxyde lamellaire Na0,6Ni0,25Mn0,75O2. L’influence de la température de calcination a permis de faire varier le nombre de défauts d’empilement de type P3 au profit d’une phase P2 plus cristalline. Après avoir optimisé l’électrolyte à base de carbonates pour garantir la reproductibilité des tests oxyde lamellaire//sodium métal, une capacité d’oxydation de 130 mAh.g-1 a pu être atteinte au premier cycle avant de chuter fortement sur les 40 cycles suivants. Cette perte de capacité a pu être en partie expliquée par des études de DRX operando. Enfin, ces travaux ont permis d’aboutir à des systèmes complets Na-ion dont les premiers résultats sont prometteursBecause of the development of renewable energy and electric vehicles, the need for a large scale energy storage has increased. This type of storage requires a large amount of raw materials. Therefore low cost and abundant resources are necessary. Consequently the use of sodium batteries is of interest because sodium’s low cost, high abundance, and worldwide availability. This PhD thesis deals with the study of a full Na-ion cell containing a hard carbon negative electrode, and a layered oxide positive electrode. A shorter part concerns the electrolyte.Concerning the negative electrode, the first objective was to understand in detail the influence of the pyrolysis temperature of a hard carbon precursor, cellulose, on the final structure of the material and its consequences on the electrochemical performance. Many techniques were used to characterize the hard carbon structure as a function of the pyrolysis temperature. Localized graphitization, pore closure, and an increase in micropore size have been observed with increasing temperature. The best electrochemical performance has been reached with the hard carbon synthesized at 1600°C: a reversible capacity of around 300 mAh.g-1 stable over 200 cycles is obtained at 37.2 mA.g-1 with an initial coulombic efficiency of 84%. To deeper understand sodium insertion mechanisms in hard carbon structures impedance spectroscopy, SAXS and EDX were carried out on hard carbon electrodes cycled at different voltages.The layered oxide Na0.6Ni0.25Mn0.75O2 was investigated as the positive electrode. It was observed that with increasing calcination temperature the number of P3-type stacking faults decreases in favor of a more crystalline P2 phase. Then, the carbonate-based electrolyte has been optimized to guarantee the reproducibility of the electrochemical tests performed in a layered oxide//sodium metal configuration. A first oxidation capacity of around 130 mAh.g-1 is reached. However this value drops quickly after 40 cycles. Operando XRD analysis did partially explain the capacity decrease. Finally, the results of these investigations were used to design an optimized full cell which demonstrated promising performance during initial testing
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Sohraby, Sarah. "Le canal sodium épithélial." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213399.
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Collet, Pascal. "Le fluorure de sodium." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P015.
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Scott, Leonard Lindsay. "Electrolytic manufacture of thiosulfate-free solutions of sodium hydrosulfite from aqueous sodium bisulfite." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10241.
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MacLeod, Mary Joan. "Sodium-lithium countertransport, sodium-hydrogen exchange and membrane microviscosity in patients with hyperlipidaemia." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300735.
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Schindler, Manon. "Deracémisation du chlorate de sodium avec et sans l’influence du dithionate de sodium." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR004.
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Dans le domaine pharmaceutique, la séparation des énantiomères est souvent effectuée par des méthodes de cristallisation. L’avantage de la déracémisation est la possibilité d’obtenir un rendement théorique de 100% grâce à la conversion du contre énantiomère en l’énantiomère désiré en solution. Le mécanisme de la déracémisation par cycles de température (TCID), a été étudié dans ce manuscrit. Les recherches se sont concentrées sur le développement d’un procédé de TCID pour NaClO3. Ce composé modèle pour la déracémisation est achiral à l’état solvate, ce qui permet de se focaliser sur les mécanismes de cristallisation impliqués dans le procédé de déracémisation. Après la caractérisation complète de l’état solide de Na2S2O6, ce composé a été utilisé comme une impureté nonchirale dans le procédé de TCID du NaClO3 et a permis de mettre en évidence le rôle important de la nucléation secondaire dans le procédé. Ainsi, le succès du TCID dépend d’un bon équilibre entre la croissance des cristaux et la nucléation secondaire. A des fins industrielles, les réacteurs du type Couette Taylor sont des appareils prometteurs pour le développement de procédés de déracémisation en continu. Les premiers tests de déracémisation réalisés dans ce type de réacteur ont montré que la brisure de symétrie et la déracémisation du NaClO3 ont été réalisés avec succès. Néanmoins, le ≪ recyclage de cristaux ≫, soit par attrition soit par la nucléation secondaire, doit être amélioré pour obtenir un procédé de déracémisation plus performant avant de considérer l’implémentation d’un procédé en continuIn the field of pharmaceutical chemistry, crystallization based methods are used to obtain pure enantiomers. The advantage of deracemization is the conversion of the unwanted enantiomer into the desired enantiomer by means of racemization in liquid phase, giving rise to a theoretical yield of 100%. The mechanism of Temperature Cycling Induced Deracemization (TCID) process, still matter of debate, has been investigated in this thesis. Research was focused on the development of the TCID process for sodium chlorate (NaClO3). This model compound is achiral at the solvated state which enables to focus investigation on crystallization mechanisms involved during deracemization. After the full solid state characterization of sodium dithionate (Na2S2O6), this compound has been used as a nonchiral impurity in the TCID process of NaClO3 and highlighted the key role of secondary nucleation in the process. Thus, the success of the TCID process depends on the right balance between growth and secondary nucleation. From an industrial perspective, the Couette Taylor reactor has been considered as a promising device for the development of continuous deracemization process. Attempts to deracemize NaClO3 in this kind of reactor showed that symmetry breaking and deracemization of NaClO3 were successful. Nonetheless, crystal recycling, via either attrition or secondary nucleation, has to be improved to enhance deracemization process before considering the execution of continuous process
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Webster, Alison Lynn. "Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Dietary Sodium Intake, and Associations with Sodium Consumption and Blood Pressure in College Students." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500548039026394.
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Shawk, Dwight Jay. "Effects of sodium, chloride, and sodium metabisulfite in nursery and grow-finish pig diets." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38659.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Animal Sciences and Industry
Robert D. Goodband
Michael D. Tokach
A total of 12,229 pigs were used in nine experiments to determine the effects of Na, Cl, and sodium metabisulfite-based feed additives on pig growth performance. Experiments 1, 2, and 3 were conducted to determine the effects of added dietary salt on growth performance of pigs weighing 7 to 10, 11 to 30, and 27 to 65 kg. The BLL models suggested the optimal dietary added salt concentration to maximize ADG for pigs weighing 7 to 10 and 11 to 30 kg was 0.59% (0.34% Na and 0.58% Cl) and 0.51% added salt (0.22% Na and 0.42% Cl), respectively. There was no evidence to indicate that growth of 27 to 65 kg pigs was improved beyond a 0.10% added salt inclusion (0.11% Na and 0.26% Cl). Experiments 4, 5, and 6 were conducted to determine the effects of source and concentration of Na and Cl on the growth performance of pigs weighing 7 to 12 kg. In Exp. 4, pigs fed an added salt diet that contains a Na and Cl concentration of 0.35% and 0.60% had greater growth performance compared to pigs fed a deficient Na concentration of 0.18%. In Exp. 5, pigs fed a Na concentration of 0.35%, regardless of ion source, had improved ADG compared to pigs fed a Na concentration of 0.13% or 0.57%. In Exp. 6, maximum ADG and G:F could be obtained with a Cl concentration of 0.38% based on the BLL and QP models. Experiments 7, 8, and 9 were conducted to evaluate the effects of Product 1 (Provimi, Brooksville, OH), Product 2 (Nutriquest, Mason City, IA), and sodium metabisulfite (SMB) on the growth performance of nursery pigs weighing approximately 6 to 25 kg. In Exp. 7, pigs fed Product 1 had higher ADG compared to pigs fed the control. In Exp. 8, pigs fed either Product 1 or 2 at the highest concentration and for the longest period of time had greater ADG compared to pigs fed the control diet. In Exp. 9, pigs fed SMB or Product 1 had greater ADG compared to pigs fed a lower concentration of SMB and the control.
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Shaikh, Amjad A. "Conversion of sodium carbohydrate to sodium carbonate monohydrate in an inclined horizontal rotating cylinder." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444877.
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Ballaminut, Carlos Eduardo Carneiro. "Seletividade da cultura do algodoeiro aos herbicidas Diuron, Clomazone, Trifloxysulfuron-sodium e Pyrithiobac-sodium." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-14122009-144354/.
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A utilização de herbicidas para o manejo químico de plantas daninhas é um dos métodos mais eficientes de controle utilizados atualmente. Entretanto, herbicidas considerados seletivos às culturas podem interferir no desenvolvimento vegetativo das plantas ou na produtividade final. Dessa forma, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito dos quatro principais herbicidas utilizados na cultura do algodoeiro atualmente, dois utilizados em pré-emergência da cultura e plantas daninhas (Clomazone e Diuron) e dois utilizados em pós-emergência da cultura e plantas daninhas (Trifloxysulfuron-sodium e Pyrithiobac-sodium) nas cultivares Fibermax 966, DeltaOpal e Aroeira, principais cultivares utilizadas comercialmente, com baixo, médio e alto vigor vegetativo, respectivamente. O delineamento experimental adotado foi de blocos casualizados, com 4 repetições. Cada um dos blocos constou de 9 sub-parcelas para cada uma das 3 cultivares, totalizando 36 sub-parcelas. Nas sub-parcelas de cada cultivar foram distribuídos oito tratamentos herbicidas, além da testemunha, sendo esta mantida livre de plantas daninhas durante todo o ciclo da cultura através de capinas manuais. Foram avaliados os principais fatores de desenvolvimento das plantas de algodoeiro como altura de plantas, Índice de Área foliar (IAF), massa seca de folha e ramos, produtividade, massa de capulhos, germinação de sementes e qualidade da fibra. Tanto para os herbicidas pré-emergentes, como para os pós-emergentes, foram verificadas injúrias nas plantas de algodoeiro, principalmente nos tratamentos com maior dosagem (Diuron na dose de 2,0 kg ia/ha, Clomazone na dose de 600 g ia/ha, Trifloxysulfuronsodium na dose de 7.5g ia g/ha e Pyrithiobac-sodium na dose de 140g ia/ha), entretanto, estas foram temporárias, desaparecendo nas avaliações posteriores. Em relação ao efeito destas injúrias no desenvolvimento vegetativo, a cultivar Fibermax 966 apresentou redução no acúmulo de massa seca e IAF, ambos na segunda avaliação para os tratamentos de pós-emergentes na maior dose, entretanto, esta diminuição de crescimento não proporcionou efeito negativo na produtividade final, massa de capulhos, germinação ou qualidade da fibra. Para as demais cultivares, os tratamentos herbicidas pós-emergentes não causaram nenhuma redução no desenvolvimento vegetativo quando comparados com a testemunha, tão pouco para as características finais como produtividade e qualidade de fibra. Para os tratamentos herbicidas em pré-emergência, o herbicida Diuron na dose de 2,0 kg ia/ha causou as maiores cloroses nas cultivares analisadas, além de levar a um menor acúmulo de massa seca e produtividade final para a cultivar Aroeira, quando comparada ao tratamento com Clomazone. Para as demais cultivares, não foram verificados quaisquer efeitos em relação ao desenvolvimento vegetativo, produtividade final ou qualidade da fibra produzida.The use of herbicides for weed chemical management is one of the most efficient methods used nowadays. However, herbicides considered selective to the crop can cause some problems to the vegetative development or to the final yield. This way, the study aimed to evaluate the effect of four of the main herbicides used in the cotton crop, two of them used as pre-emergent of the crop and weeds (Clomazone and Diuron) and two used as post-emergent of the crop and weeds (Trifloxysulfuron-sodium e Pyrithiobac-sodium) in the varieties Fibermax 966, DeltaOpal and Aroeira, the main varieties commercially grown, with low, medium and high vegetative development. The experimental design used was the randomized blocks, with 4 replications. Each one of the blocks had 9 sup-plots to each variety, with a final number of 36 sub-plots. In the subplots of each variety there were 8 herbicides treatments plus the control treatment, this one left without weed interference along all the crop development, using manual weed control. The main features evaluated were plants height, Leaf Area Index (LAI), dry matter, yield, balls weight, seed germination and fiber quality. For both, the pre-emergent herbicide treatments, and postemergent treatments, there were injuries in the cotton plants, mainly to the treatments with highest doses (Diuron 2,0 kg ia/ha, Clomazone 600 g ia/ha, Trifloxysulfuron-sodium 7.5g ia g/ha and Pyrithiobac-sodium 140g ia/ha), however, these injuries were temporary and were not present in future evaluations. Regarding the effect of the injuries to the vegetative development, the cultivar Fibermax 966 showed Leaf Area Index and dry matter reduction in the post-emergent treatments, both in the second evaluation to the treatments in the highest dose. This decrease in plant development did not impact final yield, balls weight, seed germination or fiber quality. To the other varieties, the post-emergent herbicide treatments did not lead any vegetative development reduction when compared to the control treatment, neither to the final characteristics as yield, fiber quality and seed germination. Para os tratamentos herbicidas em pré-emergência, o herbicida Diuron na maior dose causou as maiores cloroses nas cultivares analisadas, além de levar a um menor acúmulo de massa seca e produtividade final para a cultivar Aroeira, quando comparada ao tratamento com Clomazone. Para as demais cultivares, não foram verificados quaisquer efeitos em relação ao desenvolvimento vegetativo, produtividade final ou qualidade da fibra produzida. For the pre-emergent herbicide treatments, Diuron in the highest dose caused greater damage to the different materials, leading to dry matter reduction and final yield for the cultivar Aroeira, when compared to the Clomazone treatment. For the other cultivars, the treatment did not present any effects in plants development, final yield or fiber quality.
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Frauendorf, Stefan, M. Brack, and S. M. Reimann. "Triaxial shapes of sodium clusters." Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-32199.
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Davis, Samuel M. "Electrochemical Splitting of Sodium Sulfate." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11505.
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Five cation exchange membranes and four anion exchange membranes were tested in a three-compartment, two-membrane, electrolysis salt-splitting cell for the recycle of sodium sulfate into sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid. The cell is further examined using DuPont Nafion 324 cation exchange membrane and Sybron Ionac MA-7500 anion exchange membrane to determine the maximum concentration of sodium hydroxide that can be produced by electrolysis salt-splitting as well as to determine the chief source of inefficiency. The discussion includes recommendations for future electrolysis salt-splitting cells and a mathematical model of the cell is created to determine optimum operating conditions.
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Greet, P. A. "Observations on the sodium airglow /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phg8166.pdf.
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Loukas, Andrew. "Sodium channel mutations causing epilepsy." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80321.
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Ion channels mediate the electrical properties of neurons and other excitable cells. Mutations in ion channel genes have been linked to several neurological disorders. For example, a rare familial form of epilepsy, generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+), is associated with mutations in voltage gated sodium channels. We examined how two such mutations (C121W, D188V) alter the functional properties of the channel through voltage-clamp studies in Xenopus oocytes and HEK cells respectively. D188V is located in the alpha subunit and C121W in the auxiliary beta1 subunit of the sodium channel.The C121W mutation causes a 100 fold reduction in efficacy of current modulation as well as a reduction of current amplitude. This may cause increased sodium currents via a negative shift of the steady-state inactivation curve. alpha-D188V channels recover faster from the inactivated state which causes a resistance to frequency-dependent cumulative inactivation of current amplitude. This may contribute to cellular hyperexcitability resulting in ictal events in the epileptic patient.
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Moore, D. R. "Carbon transfer in liquid sodium." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371130.
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Kennedy, P. A. "Chemistry of sodium-caesium solutions." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355439.
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Blake, S. M. "Physicochemical studies on sodium hyaluronate." Thesis, University of Salford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381670.
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Richards, Robert. "The pharmacokinetics of sodium cromoglycate." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359034.
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Davis, Kendall Bruce. "Evaporative cooling of sodium atoms." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11384.
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Schneider, Nicholas McCord. "Sodium in Io's extended atmosphere." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184408.
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This dissertation combines several new observations of the Io sodium cloud to create a consistent picture of the extended Io atmosphere and its interaction with the Jovian plasma torus. I used the LPL echelle spectrograph to obtain three types of high-resolution spectra of the extended sodium cloud at the sodium D-lines (5890, 5896Å). The first class of observations made use of the mutual satellite eclipses of 1985 to probe the density profile of the atmosphere in the range 1.4 to 10 Io radii, a previously unstudied region. The second type of observation examined the sodium emission in Io's immediate vicinity, allowing an accurate measurement of the velocity structure around Io. The final method employed a high-sensitivity detector to study faint jets of high-speed sodium farther out in the extended cloud. The synthesis of these three data sets results in a better understanding of how sodium is distributed about Io as a function of position and velocity. Io's extended atmosphere is composed of many kinematically distinct components. The distribution in space is linked to their characteristic velocities, with low-energy sodium confined near Io and faster atoms (10 to 100 km sec⁻¹) prevalent beyond ∼25 Io radii. The sodium density profile is steep near Io and shallower outside 5.6 Io radii, the effective limit of Io's gravity. The data indicate that the atmosphere is collisionally thick near the surface, but becomes thin by an altitude of ∼700 km. The upper limit of the exobase location is derived from reliable sodium density measurements made during the satellite eclipses. The lower limit is indirectly inferred from the velocity distribution of sodium near Io and the nature of high-speed jets far from Io. The high-speed sodium jets reveal a new type of close interaction between the corotating plasma and Io's atmosphere. The morphology and brightness of the jets require a two-reaction process, in which atmospheric sodium is ionized, accelerated to high speeds, and then charge-exchanges with other sodium atoms. These processes must occur near the atmospheric exobase, indicating that Io's atmosphere is not completely protected from the plasma flow.
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Chiu, N. X. N. "Designing microstructures for sodium reduction." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33595/.
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The aim of this project was to develop the tools and knowledge to reduce dietary sodium by mitigating restrictions to flavour delivery and enhancing saltiness perception through sodium contrast effects in the mouth. This is achieved by restructuring semi-solid and liquid model food systems to achieve maximum flavour delivery for enhanced perception. The project considered two model systems: stable foams and double emulsions. Stable foams were developed to evaluate air inclusions as a potential sodium reduction strategy. Saltiness perception was enhanced as the levels of air inclusion increased and the incorporation of air also increased the delivery of a congruent mushroom aroma, ultimately this resulted in an enhanced overall flavour perception. The release of volatile aroma compounds from the aerated matrix was dependent on the hydrophobicity (Log P) of the volatile. Double water-in-oil-in-water (w1/o/w2) emulsions were evaluated as vehicles to entrap (during storage) and then deliver sodium during oral processing, ultimately to enhance saltiness perception. The emulsions (w1/o/w2) stabilised with a commercially modified octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) starch (NC46) were able to encapsulate sodium within the inner water phase (w1), retaining 97 % of this sodium for up to 90 d and partially releasing the sodium during oral processing. The release mechanism was the digestion of the stabilising starch by oral α-amylase. When compared to a protein stabilised emulsion, a 23.7 % decrease in overall salt was achieved using NC46 stabilised w1/o/w2 emulsions, without compromising perceived saltiness. To optimise the stability and delivery of sodium from the double emulsion, different levels of OSA modification were evaluated. High levels (3%) of OSA modification increased storage stability and low (0 % OSA) and intermediate levels offered enhanced saltiness. The optimised (1.5% and 2 % OSA) w1/o/w2 emulsion was stable and conferred a 15 % reduction in total sodium without compromising saltiness. These results provide new insights into using colloidal systems to efficiently deliver sodium and aroma volatiles for perception. The sodium redistribution and contrast effects demonstrated in this work may provide new avenues to achieve sodium reduction, particularly in semi-solid and liquid systems.
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Frauendorf, Stefan, M. Brack, and S. M. Reimann. "Triaxial shapes of sodium clusters." Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, 1995. https://hzdr.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A22046.
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Bossuyt, Julie. "Sodium-calcium exchange and caveolins." MU has:, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fulltext?p3052149.
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Li, Wei. "Coal desulfurization with sodium hypochlorite." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3546.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2004.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 32 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 32).
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Naqash, Sahir Verfasser], Olivier [Akademischer Betreuer] Guillon, and Jochen M. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Schneider. "Sodium ion conducting ceramics for sodium ion batteries / Sahir Naqash ; Olivier Guillon, Jochen Michael Schneider." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1190040611/34.
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Bolton, Lesley Margaret. "Erythrocyte sodium content and sodium pump kinetics in the puerperium following normal and hypertensive pregnancy." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283055.
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Naqash, Sahir [Verfasser], Olivier Akademischer Betreuer] Guillon, and Jochen M. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Schneider. "Sodium ion conducting ceramics for sodium ion batteries / Sahir Naqash ; Olivier Guillon, Jochen Michael Schneider." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2019. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2019070807164971884045.
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Vivaldi, Daniele. "Modeling of underexpanded reactive CO2-into-sodium jets, in the frame of sodium fast reactors." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EMSE0707/document.
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Ce travail de thèse s’est inscrit dans le contexte d’utilisation d’un cycle de conversion de l’énergie de type Brayton au CO2 supercritique, pour les réacteurs à neutrons rapides refroidis au sodium (RNRNa). Dans le cas d’une fuite accidentelle dans l’échangeur de chaleur Na − CO2 d’un RNRNa, le CO2, avec une pression opérative d’environ 200 bars, serait injecté dans le sodium liquide qui se trouve à basse pression,provoquant un jet sous-détendu et réactif deCO2 dans le sodium. L’objectif principal de ce travail de thèse était le développement d’un modèle numérique du jet réactif diphasique de CO2 dans du sodium.Un modèle numérique d’un jet sous-détendu non-réactif de gaz dans du liquide, utilisant une approche3D non-stationnaire de type multi-fluide CFD, a été développé. Les résultats numériques ont été validés à travers la comparaison avec résultats expérimentaux obtenus avec mesures optiques. Un modèle décrivant la réaction chimique entre le sodium et le CO2 a été ensuite développé et intégré dans le modèle 3D multi-fluide. Le modèle résultant permet de calculer les profils de température obtenus au sein du jet et sur les parois des tubes de l’échangeur de chaleurThis PhD work was motivated by the investigations in the frame of supercritical CO2 Brayton cycles as possible energy conversion cycles for the Sodium-cooled Fast nuclear Reactors (SFRs). Following an accidental leakage inside the sodium-CO2 heat exchanger of a SFR, the CO2, having an operating pressure of about 200 bars, would be injected into the low-operatingpressure liquid sodium, creating an underexpanded reactive CO2-into-sodium jet. The goal of this PhD work is the development of a numerical model of the two-phase reactive CO2-into-sodium jet.A numerical model of an underexpanded non-reactive gas-into-liquid jet was developed, adopting a 3D unsteady multi-fluid CFD approach. The numerical results have been validated through the experimental results obtained with a facility employing optical probe technique. A numerical model for the chemical reaction between sodium and CO2 was then developed and integrated into the 3D two-fluid model. The resulting model allows to determine the temperature profiles inside the reactive jet and on the heat exchanger tubes
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Chassery, Aurélien. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation phénoménologique de l’hydrolyse de sodium tritié : influence des conditions opératoires sur la distribution du tritium dans les effluents." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/13934/1/chassery.pdf.
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L’hydrolyse contrôlée et progressive est une des solutions technologiques pour traiter le sodium tritié présent dans divers composants d’un Réacteur à Neutrons Rapides. Une étude expérimentale a été réalisée pour analyser et comprendre les phénomènes physico-chimiques mis en jeu lors de cette hydrolyse, fortement exothermique, et étudier l’influence des paramètres opératoires sur la répartition HT /HTO au sein de l’effluent liquide et de l’effluent gazeux générés. Les deux facteurs prédominants sont l’activité totale du sodium traité et le flux énergétique (J/s) dégagée par la réaction. Un modèle phénoménologique de l’hydrolyse de sodium tritié est proposé pour synthétiser les connaissances acquises et servir d’aide à la prédiction de la composition en tritium dans les effluents générés en vue de leur traitement.
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Alfatesh, Ibrahim Yahya 1956. "Sodium, calcium, and magnesium changes in soils upon application of saline-sodic waters." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191889.
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The purpose of this research was to study the effects of different types and amount of saline-sodic waters on the cation concentration changes in solution extracts, drainage waters, and on the exchange complex of two soils differing in their textures, exchange properties, and lime content. The composition of solution extracts, drainage waters and exchange phases of both soils was closely related to the cationic composition of the irrigation waters. Salt accumulation in the soils increased with increasing salinity of the applied water. Salts were distributed uniformally with depth after 8 and 11 applications. Exchangeable sodium was directly related to the SAR of the applied solutions. The SAR of soil leachates and solution extracts increased as the amount of salt and applied water increased. The two soils responded differently to the type and amount of the applied water. Both soils released some Ca and Mg to the soil solution from the dissolution of primary minerals and cation exchange reaction. Both soils were affected by the salinity and sodicity of the applied solution.
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Cesetti, Lorenzo. "Systematic study of in-situ sodium plating/stripping on anode free substrates for sodium ion batteries." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
Find full textAbstract:
Gli oggetti di studio di questo lavoro di tesi sono le batterie agli ioni-sodio, in particolare una loro variante ancora in fase di sviluppo denominata “anode-free”.
Seppur questi accumulatori al sodio non siano nuovi ma conosciuti da tempo, è solamente dal 2010 che gli studi al riguardo si sono intensificati, tanto da portare alla realizzazione di diversi prototipi in pochi anni.
Le maggiori difficoltà nel loro sviluppo sono state riscontrate nella scelta del materiale costituente l’anodo.
Per ovviare al problema sono state ideate le batterie agli ioni-sodio “anode-free”: l’anodo è rappresentato da un semplice collettore di corrente, generalmente alluminio o rame, dove gli ioni-sodio si depositano, riducendosi e formando sodio metallico in situ durante la carica; al contrario, durante la scarica, è il sodio metallico che si ossida tornando ione e migrando verso il catodo.
Il lavoro di tesi ivi proposto è stato sviluppato presso l’Energy Storage Group del College of Engineering della Swansea University di Swansea (UK).
Sono stati esaminati tre substrati differenti valutando l’idoneità di ciascuno di essi ad un’applicazione come anodo in un accumulatore agli ioni-sodio “anode-free”, attraverso tecniche di caratterizzazione standard quali Galvanostatic Cycling (GC), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) ed analisi al microscopio.
I materiali presi in esame sono stati: acciaio inossidabile, acciaio inossidabile rivestito di nichel ed un substrato di nichel chiamato nichel foam.
Dopo aver visto che l’acciaio inossidabile è il substrato in grado di garantire prestazioni migliori, lo step successivo è stato quello di realizzare una vera e propria batteria agli ioni-sodio “anode-free” utilizzando un catodo composto da pirite presodiata.
Le performance della batteria proposta in questa tesi sono state infine confrontate con quelle di un modello di riferimento che impiega un collettore di corrente in alluminio rivestito da carbon black come anodo.
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Stöver, Harald D. H. "Sodium binding to crown ether derivatives bulk membrane transport and sodium-23 nuclear magnetic resonance studies." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5211.
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Belhimer, E. "Stress corrosion cracking of pipeline steels and pure iron in a sodium carbonate-sodium bicarbonate solution." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376310.
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Armellini, Fred J. "Phase equilibria and precipitation phenomena of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate in sub- and supercritical water." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12552.
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Vanderhaegen, Matthias. "Modélisation du bruit acoustique d'ébullition du sodium lors des bouchages d'assemblage dans les réacteurs au sodium." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077170.
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Dans le cadre des exigences de sûreté de GEN4, la détection acoustique de l'ébullition est étudiée pour détecter des bouchages d'assemblage. L'ébullition, qui peut intervenir lors des bouchages et qui peut endommager la gaine, génère du bruit hydrodynamique lié à l'écoulement diphasique. Une étude de la dynamique des bulles a démontré que la source principale du bruit acoustique lors de l'ébullition du sodium en assemblage est la condensation. Elle est le phénomène le plus bruyant à cause de la forte sous-saturation possible en assemblage et de la grande diffusivité thermique du sodium. Ce résultat permet de construire la forme du spectre acoustique qui sera filtré et amplifié par la structure pendant sa propagation dans le milieu liquide. Et même si une analyse thermohydraulique indique qu'un écoulement à bulles est peu probable en assemblage, du fait du profil de température très graduel dans le liquide et de la géométrie qui confine la vapeur, l'approche de la dynamique des bulles nous permet de comprendre les résultats d'anciennes expériences. En outre, elle nous permet de réfuter certaines hypothèses. Une simple expérience en eau a validé ces idées théoriques ; elle a montré qu'une simple expérience en sodium ne donnera pas une connaissance plus profonde de la source acoustique. Une analyse théorique de similitude révèle aussi qu'une expérience réaliste avec un fluide stimulant, comme l'eau ou le mercure, n'est pas représentative. Une conclusion similaire est obtenue en étudiant la cavitation comme source acoustique simulante. La détection acoustique d'ébullition, vis-à-vis d'autres systèmes, n'est donc pas encore mature pour l'application en tant que système de sûretéIn the framework of the fourth generation of nuclear reactors safety requirements, the acous¬tic boiling detection is studied to detect subassembly blockages. Boiling, that might occur during subassembly blockages and that can lead to clad failure, génerates hydrodynamic noise that can be related to the two-phase flow. A bubble dynamics study shows that the sound source during subassembly boiling is condensation. This particular phenomenon generates most noise as a high subcooling is present in the subassembly and because of the high thermal diffusivity of sodium. This result leads to an estimate of the form of the acous¬tic spectrum that will be filtered and amplified during propagation inside the liquid. And even though it is unlikely that bubbles will be present inside the subassembly, due to the very graduai temperature profile at the wall and due to the geometry that leads to a strong confinement of the vapor, the historical bubble dynamics approach gives some insight in previous measurements. Additionnaly, some hypotheses can be disproved. These theoretical ideas are validated with a small water experiment, yet it also shows that a simple experience in sodium doesn't lead to a better knowledge of the acoustic source. A theoretical analysis also revealed that a realistic experiment with a simulant fluid, such as water or mercury, isn't representative. A similar conclusion is obtained when study¬ing cavitation as a simulant acoustic source. As such, the acoustic detection of boiling, in comparison with other detection systems, isn't sufficiently developed yet to be applied as a reactor protective system
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Shinlapawittayatorn, Krekwit. "Modulations of Sodium Channel Long QT and Brugada Syndrome Mutations by a Common Sodium Channel Polymorphism." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1315329659.
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Selvaraj, Dinesh Kumar. "Solubility studies on the Na - F - PO4 system in sodium nitrate and in sodium hydroxide solutions." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2003. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-07092003-173535/unrestricted/Dinesh%5FThesis.pdf.
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Lin, Xiaoqin. "Regulation of sodium iodide symporter expression/function and tissue-targeted gene transfer of sodium iodide symporter." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1070462866.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 123 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-123). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Lan, Zhipeng. "The structural role of sodium dithionate impurity in the habit modification of sodium chlorate single crystals." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6311/.
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A detailed study into the crystal habit modification of the NaClO3 / Na2S2O6 (host / impurity) system is presented. Ordinary morphology of NaClO3 present faces of {001}, {110} and {111} types. The presence of impurity Na2S2O6 has led to rapid development of new faces of {111} type on the NaClO3 crystals grown from solution. Above 70ppm doping concentration, the morphology of NaClO3 crystal is dominated by {111} faces. Crystal twinning occurred under 800ppm doping concentration and above. X-ray topography was used to investigate the growth history and defect configuration of the pure and doped crystals. Lattice distortions at various lattice planes within the pure and doped crystals were determined using X-ray multiple-wave diffraction (XRMD). The local structure of S2O6 2- in NaClO3 crystal was determined using X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS). Molecular modelling was applied to investigate the molecular similarity between the impurity and the host. Strong impurity incorporation in the {111} sectors was revealed by X-ray topography. The growth history of doped crystal was reconstructed and interpreted with respect to the inhibiting effect of S2O6 2-. Disturbance in lattice planes of doped crystals was investigated, which was attributed to the incorporation of S2O6 2- on { 111} faces. It also revealed different types of local strain on the { 111 } faces along two different directions. The three-dimensional orientation and the actual structure of S2O6 2- impurity on the {111} faces of NaClO3 crystal were obtained. A structural model for the impurity incorporation was established, showing good consistency with the experimental results. In addition, the segregation coefficient of the impurity was determined by elemental mapping, indicating strong impurity incorporation on the {111} faces rather than others. The incorporated S2O6 2- was concluded to be capable of disrupting the proper packing structure of the {111} faces, obstructing the generation and propagation of growth steps, and decreasing of driving force for crystal growth.
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Garlapalli, Ravinder Kumar. "Leaching of chalcopyrite with sodium hypochlorite." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/11213.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2010.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 47 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 46-47).
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Frauendorf, Stefan, and V. V. Pashkevich. "General Axial Shapes of Sodium Clusters." Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-32476.
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