Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sodium flux

Academic literature on the topic 'Sodium flux'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sodium flux"

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Flanigan, Michael J. "Sodium Flux and Dialysate Sodium in Hemodialysis." Seminars in Dialysis 11, no. 5 (October 1, 2007): 298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-139x.1998.tb00372.x.

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2

Cappello, Silvia. "Gyrification Needs Correct Sodium Flux!" Neuron 99, no. 5 (September 2018): 867–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2018.08.005.

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3

Yamane, Hisanori, and Francis J. DiSalvo. "Sodium flux synthesis of nitrides." Progress in Solid State Chemistry 51 (September 2018): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2017.08.002.

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4

Edmonds, C. J., and J. Mackenzie. "Sodium transport and the cellular sodium transport pool of colonic epithelium: effects of sodium loading, aldosterone and lithium." Journal of Endocrinology 112, no. 2 (February 1987): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1120247.

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ABSTRACT The cellular sodium transport pool and sodium transepithelial fluxes were investigated in vivo in rat distal colon in relation to sodium loading by intravenous infusion (3·5 h), and to short (4 h) and prolonged (72 h) i.v. administration of aldosterone. Considerable natriuresis and increase in body sodium content were produced by the sodium load but there was no significant effect on the transcellular sodium flux (active absorption from lumen to plasma) or on the sodium transport pool. Both short and prolonged aldosteronism produced similar increases in the transport pool and in the transcellular sodium flux, but the transepithelial electrical potential difference (p.d.) was significantly greater in rats given the prolonged infusion. Addition of amiloride to the solution in the lumen of the colon almost completely abolished the p.d., the transport pool and the transcellular sodium flux of the rats receiving prolonged infusion, but had much less effect in those given the short infusion. The time-course of recovery of p.d. following prolonged aldosteronism was similar to that described for the turnover rate of rat colonic epithelial cells. Lithium within the lumen had no significant effect in untreated rats but after prolonged aldosterone infusion lithium reduced the p.d. and the transcellular sodium flux although the transport pool was not reduced. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that aldosteronism renders the apical membranes of the epithelial cells permeable to lithium and that intracellular accumulation of lithium depresses active sodium transfer. The observations are interpreted in terms of an epithelial model in which aldosterone induces amiloride-sensitive pathways (diffusion channels permeable to sodium and lithium) in the apical membrane which totally replace the amiloride-insensitive pathways when aldosteronism is prolonged; the resulting expansion of the sodium transport pool is the stimulus for increased active sodium transport across the basolateral membranes. J. Endocr. (1987) 112, 247–252
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Stoos, B. A., N. H. Garcia, and J. L. Garvin. "Nitric oxide inhibits sodium reabsorption in the isolated perfused cortical collecting duct." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 6, no. 1 (July 1995): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v6189.

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Indirect evidence suggests that nitric oxide inhibits sodium reabsorption by the collecting duct; however, direct evidence is lacking. It was hypothesized that endothelium-derived nitric oxide inhibits sodium flux in the cortical collecting duct by blocking amiloride-sensitive sodium channels. Tubules were obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats pretreated with deoxycorticosterone acetate (5 mg/rat i.m.) 5 to 9 days before the experiment. Nitric oxide was added to the system by either the addition of endothelial cells and the induction of the release of nitric oxide via acetylcholine (10(-7) M) or by the addition of nitric oxide donors. Acetylcholine-induced nitric oxide release from endothelial cells decreased lumen-to-bath sodium flux by 24 +/- 7% (N = 3; P < 0.05). The addition of the nitric oxide donor, spermine NONOate (10(-5) M), decreased net sodium flux 68% from 10.1 +/- 2.0 to 3.6 +/- 2 pmol/mm.min (N = 5; P < 0.025). To assure that the inhibition of sodium flux was due to nitric oxide, another donor, nitroglycerin (2 x 10(-5) M), was used, which decreased sodium flux by 43%. Luminal amiloride (10 microM) decreased net sodium flux by 83% (from 14.8 +/- 1.2 to 2.4 +/- 0.7 pmol/mm.min; N = 5; P < 0.025). The addition of nitric oxide via spermine NONOate to tubules decreased intracellular sodium levels by 26% (N = 6; P < 0.005). The Na(+)-K+ATPase activity of spermine NONOate-treated tubules was 14.7 +/- 3.2 pmol/mm.min compared with the control value of 10.2 +/- 2.0 pmol/mm.min. Nitroglycerin did not significantly affect pump activity either.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Xu, Qing Yang, Lei Ma, Xi Xian Xie, Ning Chen, and Jian Wang. "Impacts of Sodium Citrate on Metabolic Flux Distributions of L-Valine Fermentation." Advanced Materials Research 343-344 (September 2011): 643–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.343-344.643.

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The effect of sodium citrate on the metabolic flux distributions in the middle and late periods of L-valine production by Corynebacterium glutamicum XV0505 was obtained. It was shown that when sodium citrate (2.0 g/L) was added into the initial fermentation culture medium, the metabolic flux of Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) route decreased from 96.43 to 91.13, and the metabolic flux of Hexose Monophophate (HMP) route increased from 3.56 to 8.87, and the metabolic flux flowing to L-alanine and acetate was decreased by 21.1% and 32.4%, respectively. Meanwhile, the metabolic flux of biosynthesis route of L-valine was increased by 10.74%. Therefore, sodium citrate can change the metabolic flux distribution in the key nodes of biosynthesis route of L-valine, decrease the generation of byproducts, and increase the metabolic flux in the biosynthesis route of L-valine.
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Kim, K. J., and E. D. Crandall. "Sodium-dependent lysine flux across bullfrog alveolar epithelium." Journal of Applied Physiology 65, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): 1655–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.65.4.1655.

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Amino acid transport across the alveolar epithelial barrier was studied by measuring radiolabeled lysine fluxes across bullfrog lungs in an Ussing chamber. In the absence of a transmural electrical gradient, L-[14C]lysine was instilled into the upstream reservoir and the rate of appearance of the radiolabel in the downstream reservoir was determined. Two lungs from the same animal were used simultaneously to determine tracer fluxes both into and out of the alveolar bath. Results showed that the radiolabel flux measured in the alveolar to the pleural direction was greater than that measured in the opposite direction in the presence of sodium in the bathing fluids. The net flux of L-[14C]lysine was saturable with [Na+], with an apparent transport coefficient (Kt) of 28 mM for Na+. Hill analysis of [14C]lysine flux vs. [Na+] indicated a coupling ratio of 1:1 between sodium and radiolabeled L-lysine. Total L-lysine flux as a function of [L-lysine] was also saturable, with Kt of 7.3 mM for L-lysine. Ouabain significantly decreased absorptive (alveolar-to-pleural) radiolabel flux, while slightly increasing the flux observed in the opposite direction. L-leucine completely inhibited absorptive net flux of L-[14C]lysine. alpha-Methylaminoisobutyric acid (MeAIB), on the other hand, only slightly reduced net flux of L-[14C]lysine from the control value. The presence of a net absorptive, Na+-dependent amino acid flux across the alveolar epithelial barrier indicates that the tissue is capable of removing amino acids and sodium from the alveolar fluid by a coupled cotransport mechanism, which may be important for both protein metabolism and fluid balance by alveolar epithelium.
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Keeler, R., and N. L. Wong. "Evidence that prostaglandin E2 stimulates chloride secretion in cultured A6 renal epithelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 250, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): F511—F515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1986.250.3.f511.

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The effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on the transport of sodium and chloride were studied in cultured A6 renal epithelial cells. PGE2 on the basolateral but not the apical surface increased transmonolayer short-circuit current (Isc) and conductance. These changes could not be inhibited with amiloride or furosemide in the apical medium. Flux measurements showed that although Isc and net flux of sodium were equal in unstimulated cells, after addition of PGE2 the current increased with no corresponding changes in bidirectional or net flux of sodium. Immersing the cells in sodium-free or chloride-free media inhibited the effects of PGE2. Measurements of the simultaneous fluxes of sodium and chloride showed that after PGE2 was added there was a net flux of chloride from the basal to the apical side (secretion) that was equal to the change in Isc. The effects of PGE2 were inhibited by furosemide in the basal medium. We conclude that PGE2 stimulates a process of chloride secretion in A6 cells.
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Schelling, J. R., H. Singh, R. Marzec, and S. L. Linas. "Angiotensin II-dependent proximal tubule sodium transport is mediated by cAMP modulation of phospholipase C." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 267, no. 5 (November 1, 1994): C1239—C1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1994.267.5.c1239.

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Angiotensin II (ANG II) stimulates proximal tubule sodium transport by decreasing adenylyl cyclase activity. The role of ANG II-dependent phospholipase C is less certain. To determine the contribution of phospholipase C and adenylyl cyclase to apical (AP) ANG II-dependent sodium transport, unidirectional (AP to basolateral) 22Na flux was measured in rat proximal tubule cells cultured on permeable supports. AP ANG II (100 nM)-dependent sodium flux was prevented by preincubation with concentrations of the phospholipase C inhibitor U-73122 (1 microM) that blocked ANG II-dependent inositol phosphate formation. AP ANG II-dependent sodium flux was also abolished by preincubation with the intracellular calcium mobilization inhibitor 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid 8-(diethylamino)octyl ester (TMB-8), further suggesting that ANG II-dependent sodium transport was mediated by inositol phosphates. Neither U-73122 nor TMB-8 prevented ANG II-dependent adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) decreases. Incubation with dibutyryl cAMP (10 microM) or forskolin (10 microM) prevented ANG II-dependent sodium flux as well as ANG II-dependent inositol phosphate formation. In conclusion, ANG II-dependent proximal tubule sodium transport in cultured cells was transduced by phospholipase C and adenylyl cyclase. The adenylyl cyclase effect on ANG II-dependent sodium transport was mediated by phospholipase C.
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Al-Alalawy, Ahmed Faiq, Talib Rashid Abbas, and Hadeer Kadhim Mohammed. "Comparative Study for Organic and Inorganic Draw Solutions in Forward Osmosis." Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal 13, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22153/kej.2017.08.007.

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The present work aims to study forward osmosis process using different kinds of draw solutions and membranes. Three types of draw solutions (sodium chloride, sodium formate, and sodium acetate) were used in forward osmosis process to evaluate their effectiveness with respect to water flux and reverse salt flux. Experiments conducted in a laboratory-scale forward osmosis (FO) unit in cross flow flat sheet membrane cell. Three types of membranes (Thin film composite (TFC), Cellulose acetate (CA), and Cellulose triacetate (CTA)) were used to determine the water flux under osmotic pressure as a driving force. The effect of temperature, draw solution concentration, feed and draw solution flow rate, and membrane types, were studied with respect to water flux. The results showed an increase in water flux with increasing feed temperature and draw solution concentrations In addition, the flux increased with increasing feed flow rate while the flux was inversely proportional with the draw solution flow rate. The results showed that reverse osmosis membranes (TFC and CA) are not suitable for using in FO process due to the relatively obtained low water flux when compared with the flux obtained by forward osmosis membrane (CTA). NaCl draw solution gave higher water flux than other draw solutions and at the same time, revealed higher reverse salt flux.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sodium flux"

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Verma, Vasudha. "Development of a Neutron Flux Monitoring System for Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad kärnfysik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-319945.

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Safety and reliability are one of the key objectives for future Generation IV nuclear energy systems. The neutron flux monitoring system forms an integral part of the safety design of a nuclear reactor and must be able to detect any irregularities during all states of reactor operation. The work in this thesis mainly concerns the detection of in-core perturbations arising from unwanted movements of control rods with in-vessel neutron detectors in a sodium-cooled fast reactor. Feasibility study of self-powered neutron detectors (SPNDs) with platinum emitters as in-core power profile monitors for SFRs at full power is performed. The study shows that an SPND with a platinum emitter generates a prompt current signal induced by neutrons and gammas of the order of 600 nA/m, which is large enough to be measurable. Therefore, it is possible for the SPND to follow local power fluctuations at full power operation. Ex-core and in-core detector locations are investigated with two types of detectors, fission chambers and self-powered neutron detectors (SPNDs) respectively, to study the possibility of detection of the spatial changes in the power profile during two different transient conditions, i.e. inadvertent withdrawal of control rods (IRW) and one stuck rod during reactor shutdown (OSR). It is shown that it is possible to detect the two simulated transients with this set of ex-core and in-core detectors before any melting of the fuel takes place. The detector signal can tolerate a noise level up to 5% during an IRW and up to 1% during an OSR.
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Grishina, Olga. "Étude des flux unidirectionnels du 22Na et du 36Cl dans le modèle des anses ligaturées chez le rat, in vivo." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T287.

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Kumar, Mithlesh. "Magnetic flux distorsion in two-phase liquid metal flow." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/15854/1/Kumar_1.pdf.

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A Generation IV Sodium cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) is being researched and developed at CEA, Cadarache France under the project named ASTRID. Monitoring gas presence in SFR is important with respect to its safe operation. In accordance with the principles of diversity, techniques based on different measurement principles have been proposed. This thesis concerns the detection and characterization of void using magnetic flux perturbation principle. An Eddy Current Flow Meter (ECFM) device is used for this purpose. From the technological point of view, the objective is to evaluate the feasibility of ECFM as a flow and/or void monitoring/characterizing device; and to determine which parameters are of interest and what are the precision of these measurements; and whether it is possible to measure the flow rate and void fraction simultaneously with the same ECFM device. From the physics point of view, the ECFM system involves the magnetic flux perturbation due to voids in the presence of Faraday induction and Lorentz force effects. Therefore ECFM integrated signal contains informations about the void, Faraday induction and Lorentz force effects based perturbation in magnetic flux and their couplings. Our objective is to understand the nature and extent of these couplings. Specific experiments have been developed to study the effects of flow velocity, void fraction and magnetic flux pulsations on the response of an ECFM. It consists in modeling the two-phase flow by a moving aluminium rod (plug flow) with holes and grooves to simulate voids. Flow velocity range of variation was 0
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Barbier, Lucie. "Dynamique des flux de fondants routiers et influence sur la pollution routière au sein d’un bassin de rétention-décantation." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0031/document.

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En conditions hivernales rigoureuses, l'application des fondants routiers (principalement du chlorure de sodium - NaCl) permet d'assurer la sécurité des usagers de réseaux. Toutefois, son utilisation généralisée entraîne des risques de contamination des écosystèmes aquatiques et terrestres. En milieu routier, le Na+ et Cl- sont transportés par les eaux de ruissellement vers des ouvrages de traitement tels que les bassins de rétention-décantation. Or, ces bassins n'ont pas la capacité de traiter efficacement cet apport de fondants sous forme dissoute. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier le transfert de ces fondants au sein du système routier et de déterminer leur rôle dans la libération des polluants en période hivernale. Les caractéristiques du bassin situé à Azerailles (Lorraine, France) sur une route nationale moyennement fréquentée ont été étudiées, ainsi que les conditions météorologiques, les salages, la composition des matières en suspension (MES) et la concentration en éléments traces métalliques (ETM). Les résultats ont permis de montrer que entre 50 et 90 % du Cl- ont été collectés par le bassin. Il joue un rôle de tampon qui permet une libération du Cl- dilué durant la période de ruissellement suivant la période de salage. La présence de NaCl dans les eaux a joué un rôle sur la diminution de la qualité des matières en suspension, en mettant en évidence la présence de polluants organiques en période de salage. Elle entraîne également une modification de la chimie des eaux et une augmentation des polluants métalliques (zinc)
In severe winter conditions, the application of deicer salts (mainly sodium chloride -NaCl) ensures the safety of network users. However, its spreading carries contamination risks of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. On the road, Na+ and Cl- are transported by runoff water to retention-decantation ponds. These ponds do not have the capacity to efficiently treat this flux of deicer salts in dissolved form. In addition, they allow the modification of water and soil chemistry, generating the mobility of metallic pollutants. The objective of this thesis is to study the deicer salt transfer and to determine its role in the release of pollutants during winter. The characteristics of the pond located in Azerailles (Lorraine, France) on a medium-frequented national road were studied, as well as the weather and salting conditions, the composition of the suspended matters and the concentration of traces metals. The results highlighted that between 50 and 90 % of Cl- was collected by the pond. The pond acts as a buffer which allows a release of the collected Cl- diluted during the runoff period following the salting period. The presence of NaCl in runoff water reduced the quality of suspended solids with the presence of organic markers of road pollution and the increase of zinc. It also influenced the increase of zinc in water, the chemical composition and the speciation of elements
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Clavé, Corinne. "Flux ioniques et energetique cellulaire au cours de l'induction de la competence chez streptococcus pneumoniae, leur implication dans le transport de l'adn." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30063.

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Ranganathan, Sreenivasan. "Influence of Dusts on Premixed Methane-Air Flames." Digital WPI, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/86.

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Influence of dust particles on the characteristics of premixed methane-air flames has been studied in this dissertation. Experiments are performed in a Bunsen burner type experimental set-up called Hybrid Flame Analyzer (HFA), which can be used to measure the burning velocity of gas, dust, and hybrid (gas and dust) premixed flames at constant pressure operating conditions. In the current study, analysis of particle-gas-air system of different types of dust particles (at particle size, dp = 75-90 µm) in premixed methane-air (ϕg = 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2) flames. Coal, sand, and sodium bicarbonate particles are fed along with a premixed methane-air mixture at different concentrations (λp = 0-75 g/m3) in both laminar and turbulent conditions. First, the variation of laminar burning velocity with respect to the concentration of dust particles, and type of dusts are investigated for different equivalence ratios. Second, the laminar premixed flame extinction with inert and chemical suppressant particles are studied. Third, the variation of turbulent burning velocity of these hybrid mixtures are investigated against different turbulent intensities apart from the different concentrations and types of dusts. Fourth, the radiative fraction of heat released from turbulent gas-dust premixed flames are also presented against the operating parameters considered. Combustible dust deflagration hazard is normally quantified using the deflagration index (Kst) measured using a constant volume explosion sphere, which typically is a sealed 20-liter metal sphere where a premixed mixture is ignited at the center and the progression of the resulting deflagration wave is recorded using the pressure measured at the vessel wall. It has been verified from prior studies that the quantification of the turbulence by this method is questionable and there is a need to analyze the controlling parameters of particle-gas-air premixed system accurately through a near constant pressure operated experimental platform. Thus, the main objective of this study is to analyze the influence of dust particles on premixed methane-air flames at near constant pressure conditions. The turbulent burning velocity is calculated by averaging the measured flame heights and the laminar burning velocity is calculated through the premixed cone angle measurements from several high-speed shadowgraph images obtained from the experiments. The turbulent intensity and length scale of turbulence generated by a perforated plate in the burner is quantified from the hot-wire anemometer measurements. Radiative heat flux is also measured for each of the turbulent test conditions. The outcomes from these experiments are: 1. An understanding of the variation of turbulent burning velocity of gas-dust premixed flames as a function of dust type, turbulent intensity, integral length scale, dust concentration and gas phase mixture ratio. 2. An understanding of the flame extinction characteristics and variation of laminar burning velocity of gas-dust premixed flames as a function of dust concentration and gas phase mixture ratio. 3. Quantify the radiative heat flux and radiative fraction of heat released from gas-dust turbulent premixed flames as a function of dust type, turbulent intensity, dust concentration and gas phase mixture ratio. Dust type and concentration play an important role in deciding the trend in the variation of both laminar (SL) and turbulent burning velocity (ST). Coal particles, with the release of volatile (methane), tend to increase burning velocities except for fuel rich conditions and at higher coal concentrations at larger turbulent intensities. At a higher turbulent intensity and larger concentrations, higher ST values are observed with the addition of sand. Sodium bicarbonate addition, with the release of CO2 and H2O, decreased the burning velocity at all the concentrations, turbulent intensities and equivalence ratios. Laminar flame extinction was observed with the addition of sand and sodium bicarbonate particles at conditions exceeding certain critical dust concentrations. These critical concentrations varied with the equivalence ratios of gaseous premixed flames. The turbulence modulation exhibited by particles and particle concentration is evident in these observations. The independent characteristic time scale analysis performed using the experimental data provided further insights to the results. The chemical and convective times in gas phase confirm the broadened preheat thin reaction zone regime in the current test cases, which has an effect of attenuating turbulence and thereby the resulting turbulent burning velocity. The particle time scale analysis (Stokes number) show that the effect of particles and particle concentration is to slightly enhance the turbulence and increase the turbulent burning velocity at lower concentrations. However, the time scale analysis of particle vaporization (vaporization Damköhler number) indicate an increase in the vaporization rate for particles (coal and sodium bicarbonate) resulting in a decrease in their turbulent burning velocities at higher concentrations and turbulent intensities. Sodium bicarbonate has higher evaporation rate than coal at same level of turbulence and the absence of this effect for inert (sand) results in higher turbulent burning velocities at higher concentrations. An increase in the turbulent intensity increases the vaporization rate of particles. The investigation on radiative fraction of heat released by methane-air-dust turbulent premixed flames identified that, the addition of dust particles increases the radiative fraction irrespective of the dust type due to the radial and axial extension of flame. A unified approach to couple this multiple complex phenomenon of turbulence, particle interaction, particle vaporization and combustion in particle laden premixed gaseous flames is the direction for future research.
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Aka, Gérard. "Alumino-gallates de sodium-lanthanide de type alumine beta, magnetoplombite ou mixte : cristallochimie, etude spectroscopique et proprietes physiques." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066008.

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Obtention des composes a structure mixte par echange ionique en sel fondu d'ions lanthanides trivalents sur les cristaux d'aluminogallate de sodium, na::(1+y)(al::(1-x)ga::(x))::(11) o::(17+(y/2)), obtenus par la methode du fondant, avec 0,5y1 et 0x0,5. Caracterisation par des mesures de susceptibilite magnetique et conductivite electrique. Analyse des spectres rpe pour localiser les ions lanthanides dans les structures de type alumine beta ou mixte, pour lesquelles les etudes d'absorption optique, de fluorescence et de declin de fluorescence indiquent des proprietes optiques differentes des ions ce**(3+), nd**(3+), eu**(2+) et eu**(3+)
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Raymond, Sébastien. "Incertitudes des flux transportés par les rivières (Matière en suspension, nutriments, sels dissous) Vers un système expert d'optimisation des méthodes de calcul." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00714017.

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L'originalité de la thèse est de considérer des catégories de matériaux très divers (matières en suspension, nutriments dissous et totaux, ions dissous) pour des bassins couvrant une grande gamme de variabilité hydrologique (2000 années-stations de concentrations et débits journaliers en France, Europe et Etats-Unis pour des tailles de 600km² à 1 000 000 km²) et en testant 9 méthodes de calcul des flux innovantes ou couramment utilisées. Pour chaque méthode de calcul, la comparaison des flux annuels estimés à partir des suivis discrets et des flux annuels de référence permet d'évaluer les incertitudes en termes de biais et d'imprécisions. Ces incertitudes ont pu être étudiées en lien avec la variabilité hydrologique, hydrochimique et sédimentologique des matériaux. Les résultats de la thèse sont donc de deux ordres : (1) fondamental, avec la mise en relation des incertitudes avec les deux facteurs de contrôle -W2% et b50sup- qui caractérisent les variabilités des débits et des concentrations, (2) appliqué, avec l'optimisation des suivis en terme d'intervalle d'échantillonnage et de durée de calcul des flux et la détermination des incertitudes sur les populations de flux déjà publiées.
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Stein, Antoinette Weil. "Investigation of the Chemical Pathway for Gaseous Nitrogen Dioxide Formation during Flue Gas Desulfurization with Dry Sodium Bicarbonate Injection." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=ucin997940666.

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Srinivasn, Rangesh. "Study of Trona (Sodium Sesquicarbonate) Reactivity with Sulfur Dioxide in a Simulated Flue Gas." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1078173060.

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Books on the topic "Sodium flux"

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He, Minggao. High pressure sodium discharge lamp characterization for use as standards of geometrically total luminous flux. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1988.

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Stephenson, C. D. Economic evaluation of a sodium/limestone double-alkali FGD process. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1985.

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Garforth, F. A., P. G. Moss, and J. R. Moore. Intercomparison of Luminous Flux Measurements on High-pressure Sodium Lamps. European Communities / Union (EUR-OP/OOPEC/OPOCE), 1992.

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Schiel, W., and M. Geyer. The Iea/Ssps High Flux Experiment: Testing the Advanced Sodium Receiver at Heat Fluxes Up to 2.5 Mw/M2. Springer, 1989.

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The IEA/SSPS high flux experiment: Testing the advanced sodium receiver at heat fluxes up to 2.5 MW/m². Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1987.

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Bailey, Matthew A. An overview of tubular function. Edited by Robert Unwin. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0020.

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This chapter provides an overview of transport processes, describing both the membrane proteins that effect transepithelial solute flux and the systems that allow integrated regulation of electrolyte transport. The emphasis is on the physiological mechanisms but links to human diseases are made in order to illuminate fundamental principles of control. The key transport proteins and encoding genes are listed. First, the major transport pathways and regulatory features for each nephron segment are described. The focus here is on the transepithelial flux of sodium, potassium, and water. In the second part, other important aspects of renal homeostasis, including urine concentration and acid–base balance, are summarized.
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Book chapters on the topic "Sodium flux"

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Carmona, Ricardo, Heinz Jacobs, and Manuel Sanchez. "Advanced Sodium Receiver Losses." In The IEA/SSPS High Flux Experiment, 120–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52291-8_12.

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Yuan, Xiao-Jian, Carmen G. Salvaterra, Mary L. Tod, Magdalena Juhaszova, William F. Goldman, Lewis J. Rubin, and Mordecai P. Blaustein. "The Sodium Gradient, Potassium Channels, and Regulation of Calcium in Pulmonary and Mesenteric Arterial Smooth Muscles: Effects of Hypoxia." In Ion Flux in Pulmonary Vascular Control, 205–22. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2397-0_16.

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Jayamani, Elammaran, Hari Prashanth Palani Velayuda Shannmugasundram, and KokHeng Soon. "Investigating Dielectric Properties in Hybrid PLA-PHA Composites with Sodium Hydroxide Treated Flax Fibers." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 393–402. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4756-0_33.

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Liu, Chen, Guanghui Li, Ruijun Wang, Zhengwei Yu, Qian Li, Zhao Jing, and Yuanbo Zhang. "Enhancing the Removal of Sodium and Potassium of Sinter by CO-Containing Flue Gas Circulation Sintering Process." In 7th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 361–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48093-0_45.

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Liu, Chen, Guanghui Li, Ruijun Wang, Zhengwei Yu, Qian Li, Zhao Jing, and Yuanbo Zhang. "Enhancing The Removal of Sodium and Potassium of Sinter by Co-Containing Flue Gas Circulation Sintering Process." In 7th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 359–68. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119274643.ch45.

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Bers, Donald M., and Michael J. Shattock. "Measurement of Calcium Flux and Intracellular Sodium by Ion-Selective Microelectrodes." In Methods in Neurosciences, 278–300. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-185257-3.50023-9.

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"Construction and Operating Parameters of Adsorptive Chillers." In Technology Development for Adsorptive Heat Energy Converters, 251–89. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4432-7.ch008.

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The chapter is devoted to the design and performance of adsorptive chillers. Basic types of design and operating principle of adsorptive chillers were analyzed. Advantages and disadvantages performance of one-, two-, three-, and four-bed solar power adsorptive chillers are compared. Performance of adsorptive refrigerators based on composite adsorbents was studied. The correlation between the adsorbent composition and the coefficient of energy performance of the adsorptive chiler was revealed. An optimal composition of adsorbent 'silica gel – sodium sulphate' is stated to be of 20% silica gel and 80% sodium sulphate. The maximal values of the coefficient of performance of cycle of studied solar adsorptive chiller about of 1.14 are stated for composites containing about 20 wt. % silica gel and 80 wt% sodium sulphate. As a consequence of decreasing of adsorbent mass, the coefficient of performance is shown to increase when sodium sulphate content in the composite increased. Regeneration process parameters of the composite were shown to strongly affect on the coefficient of performance of the adsorptive chiller. The growth of the coefficient of performance is stated to result from decreasing the difference between adsorbent temperature and regeneration temperature from 85 to 55°C. The basic factors affecting the net coefficient of energy performance of the adsorptive solar refrigerator were stated daily solar radiant flux alongside with composition of the adsorbent and difference between adsorbent temperature and temperature regeneration. Net coefficients of performance of solar adsorptive refrigerator based on composite ‘silica gel – sodium sulphate' were stated to change from 0.25 to 0.34 during operating period. Utilization of the adsorption heat is suggested to warm the heat carrier which applied to heat adsorbent during regeneration. The ways to improve the design and performance of adsorptive solar chillers are suggested. The first one involves the introduction of solar collectors made of cellular polycarbonate plastics in the design of adsorptive solar chiller. Instantaneous efficiency coefficient were calculated as special thermal performance-solar radiant flux surface density ratio, optical efficiency factor is determined as special thermal performance-solar radiant flux surface density ratio at the equal temperatures of heat transfer medium and environment, reduced heat loss factor being calculated as the product of solar collector efficiency factor and net heat loss coefficient. The environmental test of developed collectors PSK-AV2-3, PSK-AV1-2, PSK-AV2-1, PSK-VS1-2, PSK-VS2-2, PSK-VS2-3, PSK-ST10-PW were conducted. The correlation of their results with laboratory tests when the thermohydraulic stand applied is shown. Relative accuracy of laboratory and environment tests was shown to be not exceeding 5 – 7%. The optical efficiency factor and the coefficient of thermal losses of polymeric solar collectors were determined. On the basis of the dependencies of the efficiency of the solar collectors vs. the reduced temperature, optimal designs of the polymeric solar collectors for the adsorption chilling solar systems are determined to be depended on the temperature of the regeneration temperature of the sorbents. As the temperatures of the regeneration of composite adsorbent ranged from 50ºС to 60ºС, appliance of the collectors PSK-AV2-1, PSK-CT10-PW occur to be expedient, and PSK-AB2-3, PSK-VS2-3, PSK-AB1-2, PSK-VS2-2, and PSK-VS1-2 are revealed to be more efficient when regeneration temperatures increased over 80 ºС. Thermotechnical characteristics of designed polymeric solar collectors are shown to surpass conventional metal and vacuum collectors. The perspectives of polymeric solar collectors in the design of adsorptive chilling solar plants were shown. Another way to improve the performance of adsorptive solar chillers concerns with equipping it with a photosensitive element and an electric drive, which will allow changing the angle of slope of the adsorber to the horizon depending on the intensity of the solar radiation. The chapter can be useful for design the efficient adsorptive chilling plants.
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De Luca, Domenico, Simone Di Pasquale, Marco Cherubini, Alessandro Petruzzi, and Gianni Bruna. "International Benchmark Activity in the Field of Sodium Fast Reactors." In Recent Advances on Numerical Simulations [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97812.

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Global interest in fast reactors has been growing since their inception in 1960 because they can provide efficient, safe, and sustainable energy. Their closed fuel cycle can support long-term nuclear power development as part of the world’s future energy mix and decrease the burden of nuclear waste. In addition to current fast reactors construction projects, several countries are engaged in intense R&D and innovation programs for the development of innovative, or Generation IV, fast reactor concepts. Within this framework, NINE is very actively participating in various Coordinated Research Projects (CRPs) organized by the IAEA, aimed at improving Member States’ fast reactor analytical simulation capabilities and international qualification through code-to-code comparison, as well as experimental validation on mock-up experiment results of codes currently employed in the field of fast reactors. The first CRP was focused on the benchmark analysis of Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II) Shutdown Heat Removal Test (SHRT-17), protected loss-of-flow transient, which ended in the 2017 with the publication of the IAEA-TECDOC-1819. In the framework of this project, the NINE Validation Process– developed in the framework of NEMM (NINE Evaluation Model Methodology) – has been proposed and adopted by most of the organizations to support the interpretation of the results calculated by the CRP participants and the understanding of the reasons for differences between the participants’ simulation results and the experimental data. A second project regards the CRP focused on benchmark analysis of one of the unprotected passive safety demonstration tests performed at the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF), the Loss of Flow Without Scram (LOFWOS) Test #13, started in 2018. A detailed nodalization has been developed by NINE following its nodalization techniques and the NINE validation procedure has been adopted to validate the Simulation Model (SM) against the experimental data of the selected test. The third activity deals with the neutronics benchmark of China Experimental Fast Reactor (CEFR) Start-Up Tests, a CRP proposed by the China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) launched in 2018 the main objective of which is to improve the understanding of the start-up of a SFR and to validate the fast reactor analysis computer codes against CEFR experimental data. A series of start-up tests have been analyzed in this benchmark and NINE also proposed and organized a further work package focused on the sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of the first criticality test. The present chapter intends to summarize the results achieved using the codes currently employed in the field of fast reactor in the framework of international projects and benchmarks in which NINE was involved and emphasize how the application of developed procedures allows to validate the SM results and validate the computer codes against experimental data.
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Schiel, W. J., and M. A. Geyer. "THE IEA/SSPS HIGH FLUX EXPERIMENT Testing the Advanced Sodium Receiver up to Heat Fluxes of 2.5 MW/m2." In Advances In Solar Energy Technology, 1718–23. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-034315-0.50334-7.

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Jędrusik, Maria, Dariusz Łuszkiewicz, and Arkadiusz Świerczok. "Methods to Reduce Mercury and Nitrogen Oxides Emissions from Coal Combustion Processes." In Environmental Emissions. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92342.

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The chapter presents the issue of reducing mercury and nitrogen oxides emissions from the flue gas of coal-fired boilers. The issue is particularly relevant due to the stricter regulations regarding exhaust gas purity. A brief review of the methods for reducing Hg and NOx emissions has been made, pointing out their pros and cons. Against this background, the results of the authors’ own research on the injection of selected oxidants into flue gases to remove both of these pollutants are presented. The injection of sodium chlorite solution into the flue gas (400 MWe lignite fired unit) upstream the wet flue gas desulphurization (WFGD) absorber contributed to the oxidation of both metallic mercury and nitric oxide and enhanced their removal efficiency. The results of tests on lignite and hard coal flue gases indicate that in order to reduce the unfavorable phenomenon of mercury re-emission from WFGD absorbers, in some cases, it is necessary to add selected chemical compounds (e.g., sulfides) to the desulfurization system. The results of field tests for flue gas from lignite (400 MWe unit) and hard coal-fired boilers (195 and 220 MWe units) confirmed the usefulness of oxidizer injection technology to reduce mercury emissions below the level required by BAT conclusions.
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Conference papers on the topic "Sodium flux"

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Nagaraj, C. P., M. Sivaramakrishna, K. Madhusoodanan, and P. Chellapandi. "Design of Neutron Flux Monitoring System for sodium cooled fast reactors." In 2013 3rd International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation, Measurement Methods and their Applications (ANIMMA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/animma.2013.6727879.

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"Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite on Fouled Ceramic Membrane Reclamation and Flux Recovery." In International Conference on Advances in Engineering and Technology. International Institute of Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iie.e0314223.

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Asselineau, Charles-Alexis, Clothilde Corsi, Joe Coventry, and John Pye. "Geometrical exploration of a flux-optimised sodium receiver through multi-objective optimisation." In SOLARPACES 2016: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4984345.

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Holzlöhner, Ronald, Simon M. Rochester, Thomas Pfrommer, Domenico Bonaccini Calia, Dmitry Budker, James M. Higbie, and Wolfgang Hackenberg. "Laser guide star return flux simulations based on observed sodium density profiles." In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, edited by Brent L. Ellerbroek, Michael Hart, Norbert Hubin, and Peter L. Wizinowich. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.856721.

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Lesperance, C. P., S. V. Doebler, and T. M. Burke. "Closure of the Fast Flux Test Facility: Current Status and Future Plans." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7279.

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The Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) was a 400 MWt sodium-cooled fast reactor situated on the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Hanford Site in the southeastern portion of Washington State. DOE issued the final order to shut down the facility in 2001, when it was concluded that there was no longer a need for FFTF. Deactivation activities are in progress to remove or stabilize major hazards and deactivate systems to achieve end points documented in the project baseline. The reactor has been defueled, and approximately 97% of the fuel has been removed from the facility. Approximately 97% of the sodium has been drained from the plant’s systems and placed into an on-site Sodium Storage Facility. The residual sodium will be kept frozen under a blanket of inert gas until it is removed later as part of the facility’s decontamination and decommissioning (D&D). Plant systems have been shut down and placed in a low-risk state to minimize requirements for surveillance and maintenance. D&D work cannot begin until an Environmental Impact Statement has been prepared to evaluate various end state options and to provide a basis for selecting one of the options. The Environmental Impact Statement is expected to be issued in 2009.
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Hou, Yandong, Liu Wang, Yingwei Wu, Wenxi Tian, Suizheng Qiu, and G. H. Su. "Pressure Drop Experiments of Liquid Sodium Flowing in a 7-Rod Bundle." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81444.

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Pressure drop experiments was conducted for liquid sodium in an electrically heated 7-rod bundle. The electrically heated 7-rod bundle was placed in a hexagonal tube. In the experiment, the heat flux ranges from 0∼300 kw · m−2, mass velocity from 40∼450 kg · m−2 · s−1, system pressure from 10∼200 KPa and the average temperature of liquid sodium from 350∼650°C. The effects of the heat flux, system pressure and the average temperature of liquid sodium on the pressure drop was in-depth analyzed. A new correlation for pressure drop was developed based on the experimental data of liquid sodium in a 7-rod bundle.
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Zordão, Luis Henrique Pizetta, Lauralice de C. F. Canale, and George E. Totten. "Investigation of Quenchants Based on Sodium Aqueous Ionic Solutions." In HT2019. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2019p0253.

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Abstract The mechanical properties of steel components are influenced by the microstructure, which is determined by the heat treatment cycle. In the quenching of the steel: water, oil, aqueous polymer solutions and aqueous salt solutions (brine) can be used as quenchants, which exhibit different characteristic cooling mechanisms. For example, when water is used as the cooling media, a stable vapor film is formed around the hot component resulting in nonuniformity of surface heat transfer during the cooling process, which is often responsible for distortion, and cracking. Using salt based on sodium (Na) as an additive forming a solution with distilled water was able to reduce or eliminate the vapor film, enhance the cooling rate and keep the heat flux in high values during the most part of the drop of the temperature that is better for a more homogeneous cooling. This work investigated the cooling performance of different salt solutions and quenching bath parameters (temperature and agitation). These analyses were made using cooling curves and heat flux to quantify the behavior and hardening power capacity of these salt solutions.
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Johnson, Robert L., Keith Wyman, Lee Kann, Alexander Hamm, Jack Drummond, Olivia Byrd, and Mark Eickhoff. "Measuring the return flux for a sodium beacon created by combining two laser beams." In Adaptive Optics Systems VI, edited by Dirk Schmidt, Laura Schreiber, and Laird M. Close. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2310201.

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Liu, Xiangyuan, Xianmei Qian, Chuanyu Fan, Chengtao Du, Chengling Lu, Lei Zhang, and Huan Yang. "Effects of atmospheric turbulence on the return photon flux of sodium laser guide star." In Selected Papers of the Chinese Society for Optical Engineering Conferences held October and November 2016, edited by Yueguang Lv, Jialing Le, Hesheng Chen, Jianyu Wang, and Jianda Shao. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2267964.

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Saravanan, R., D. Rajesh, S. V. Rajasekaran, R. Perumal, M. Chitra, and R. Jayavel. "Growth and morphological studies of sodium potassium niobate single crystal grown by flux method." In NANOFORUM 2014. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4918032.

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Reports on the topic "Sodium flux"

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Shank, D. R. Fast Flux Test Facility, Sodium Storage Facility project-specific project management plan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10115844.

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Shank, D. R. Conceptual design report, Sodium Storage Facility, Fast Flux Test Facility, Project F-031. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/28265.

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Bowman, B. R. Preliminary safety evaluation (PSE) for Sodium Storage Facility at the Fast Flux Test Facility. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10189651.

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Green, J. R. Radiological transportation risk assessment of the shipment of sodium-bonded fuel from the Fast Flux Test Facility to the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/26538.

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Avnimelech, Yoram, Richard C. Stehouwer, and Jon Chorover. Use of Composted Waste Materials for Enhanced Ca Migration and Exchange in Sodic Soils and Acidic Minespoils. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575291.bard.

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Restoration of degraded lands and the development of beneficial uses for waste products are important challenges facing our society. In addition there is a need to find useful and environmentally friendly applications for the organic fractions of municipal and other solid waste. Recent studies have shown that composted wastes combined with gypsum or gypsum-containing flue gas desulfurization by-products enhance restoration of sodic soils and acidic minespoils. The mechanism by which this synergistic effect occurs in systems at opposite pH extremes appears to involve enhanced Ca migration and exchange. Our original research objectives were to (1) identify and quantify the active compost components involved in Ca transport, (2) determine the relative affinity of the compost components for Ca and competing metals in the two soil/spoil systems, (3) determine the efficacy of the compost components in Ca transport to subjacent soil and subsequent exchange with native soil cations, and (4) assess the impacts of compost enhanced Ca transport on soil properties and plant growth. Acidic mine spoils: During the course of the project the focus for objective (1) and (2) shifted more towards developing and evaluating methods to appropriately quantify Ca2+ and Al3+ binding to compost derived dissolved organic matter (DOM). It could be shown that calcium complexation by sewage sludge compost derived DOM did not significantly change during the composting process. A method for studying Al3+ binding to DOM was successfully developed and should allow future insight into DOM-Al3+ interactions in general. Laboratory column experiments as well as greenhouse experiments showed that in very acidic mine spoil material mineral dissolution controls solution Al3+ concentration as opposed to exchange with Ca2+. Therefore compost appeared to have no effect on Al3+ and Ca2+ mobility and did not affect subsoil acidity. Sodic alkaline soils: Batch experiments with Na+ saturated cation exchange resins as a model for sodic soils showed that compost home cations exchanged readily with Na+. Unlike filtered compost extracts, unfiltered compost suspensions also significantly increased Ca2+ release from CaCO3. Soil lysimeter experiments demonstrated a clear impact of compost on structural improvement in sodic alkaline soils. Young compost had faster, clearer and longer lasting effects on soil physical and chemical properties than mature compost. Even after 2 growing seasons differences could still be observed. Compost increased Ca2+ concentration in soil solution and solubility of pedogenic CaCO3 that is highly insoluble under alkaline conditions. The solubilized Ca2+ efficiently exchanged Na+ in the compost treated soils and thus greatly improved the soil structure.
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