Academic literature on the topic 'Sodium (23Na) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)'

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Journal articles on the topic "Sodium (23Na) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)"

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Giovannetti, Giulio, Alessandra Flori, Nicola Martini, Roberto Francischello, Giovanni Donato Aquaro, Alessandro Pingitore, and Francesca Frijia. "Sodium Radiofrequency Coils for Magnetic Resonance: From Design to Applications." Electronics 10, no. 15 (July 26, 2021): 1788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10151788.

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Sodium (23Na) is the most abundant cation present in the human body and is involved in a large number of vital body functions. In the last few years, the interest in Sodium Magnetic Resonance Imaging (23Na MRI) has considerably increased for its relevance in physiological and physiopathological aspects. Indeed, sodium MRI offers the possibility to extend the anatomical imaging information by providing additional and complementary information on physiology and cellular metabolism with the heteronuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS). Constraints are the rapidly decaying of sodium signal, the sensitivity lack due to the low sodium concentration versus 1H-MRI induce scan times not clinically acceptable and it also constitutes a challenge for sodium MRI. With the available magnetic fields for clinical MRI scanners (1.5 T, 3 T, 7 T), and the hardware capabilities such as strong gradient strengths with high slew rates and new dedicated radiofrequency (RF) sodium coils, it is possible to reach reasonable measurement times (~10–15 min) with a resolution of a few millimeters, where it has already been applied in vivo in many human organs such as the brain, cartilage, kidneys, heart, as well as in muscle and the breast. In this work, we review the different geometries and setup of sodium coils described in the available literature for different in vivo applications in human organs with clinical MR scanners, by providing details of the design, modeling and construction of the coils.
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Kamp, Benedikt, Miriam Frenken, Lena Klein-Schmeink, Armin M. Nagel, Lena M. Wilms, Karl Ludger Radke, Styliani Tsiami, et al. "Evaluation of Sodium Relaxation Times and Concentrations in the Achilles Tendon Using MRI." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 18 (September 17, 2022): 10890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810890.

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Sodium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to evaluate the change in the proteoglycan content in Achilles tendons (ATs) of patients with different AT pathologies by measuring the 23Na signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). As 23Na SNR alone is difficult to compare between different studies, because of the high influence of hardware configurations and sequence settings on the SNR, we further set out to measure the apparent tissue sodium content (aTSC) in the AT as a better comparable parameter. Ten healthy controls and one patient with tendinopathy in the AT were examined using a clinical 3 Tesla (T) MRI scanner in conjunction with a dual tuned 1H/23Na surface coil to measure 23Na SNR and aTSC in their ATs. 23Na T1 and T2* of the AT were also measured for three controls to correct for different relaxation behavior. The results were as follows: 23Na SNR = 11.7 ± 2.2, aTSC = 82.2 ± 13.9 mM, 23Na T1 = 20.4 ± 2.4 ms, 23Na T2s* = 1.4 ± 0.4 ms, and 23Na T2l* = 13.9 ± 0.8 ms for the whole AT of healthy controls with significant regional differences. These are the first reported aTSCs and 23Na relaxation times for the AT using sodium MRI and may serve for future comparability in different studies regarding examinations of diseased ATs with sodium MRI.
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Sadykhov, E. G., Yu A. Pirogov, N. V. Anisimov, M. V. Gulyaev, G. E. Pavlovskaya, T. Meersmann, V. N. Belyaev, and D. V. Fomina. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging on Sodium Nuclei: Potential Medical Applications of 23Na MRI." Applied Magnetic Resonance 49, no. 9 (July 27, 2018): 925–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00723-018-1045-7.

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Atthe, Bharath K., Andriy M. Babsky, Paige N. Hopewell, Carrie L. Phillips, Bruce A. Molitoris, and Navin Bansal. "Early monitoring of acute tubular necrosis in the rat kidney by 23Na-MRI." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 297, no. 5 (November 2009): F1288—F1298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00388.2009.

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Reabsorption of water and other molecules is dependent on the corticomedullary sodium concentration gradient in the kidney. During the early course of acute tubular necrosis (ATN), this gradient is altered. Therefore, 23Na magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to study the alterations in renal sodium distribution in the rat kidney during ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury, which induces ATN. In-magnet ischemia was induced for 0 (control), 10, 20, 30 or 50 min in Wistar rats. 23Na images were collected every 10 min during baseline, ischemia, and 60-min reperfusion periods. T1 and T2 relaxation times were measured by both 23Na-MRI and -MRS on a separate cohort of animals during ischemia and reperfusion for correction of relaxation-related tissue sodium concentration (TSC). A marked decrease was observed in the medulla and cortex 23Na-MRI signal intensity (SI) during the early evolution of ATN caused by IR injury, with the sodium reabsorption function of the kidney being irreversibly damaged after 50 min of ischemia. Sodium relaxation time characteristics were similar in the medulla and cortex of normal kidney, but significantly decreased with IR. The changes in relaxation times in both compartments were identical; thus the medulla-to-cortex sodium SI ratio represents the TSC ratio of both compartments. The extent of IR damage observed with histological examination correlated with the 23Na-MRI data. 23Na-MRI has great potential for noninvasive, clinical diagnosis of evolving ATN in the setup of acute renal failure and in differentiating ATN from other causes of renal failure where tubular function is maintained.
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Moosmann, Julia, Okan Toka, Peter Linz, Anke Dahlmann, Armin M. Nagel, Mario Schiffer, Michael Uder, Robert Cesnjevar, Sven Dittrich, and Christoph Kopp. "Tolvaptan treatment in an adult Fontan patient with protein-losing enteropathy: a serial 23Na-MRI investigation." Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease 12 (January 2021): 204062232110040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20406223211004005.

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Background: Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is a severe complication of the univentricular Fontan circulation and associated with disturbances in salt and water homeostasis. Fontan patients with PLE have a poor prognosis, with increased morbidity and mortality. Due to limited therapeutic strategies, patients are often treated only symptomatically. Methods: We report our first experience of Tolvaptan (TLV) treatment in a Fontan patient with PLE, severe volume retention and hyponatraemia, refractory to conventional diuretic therapy. In addition to clinical parameters, we monitored drug effects including tissue sodium and volume status via serial 23Na-magnetic resonance imaging (23Na-MRI) and bioimpedance spectroscopy compared with age-matched controls. Results: 23Na-MRI identified elevated tissue sodium, which decreased under TLV treatment, as well as volume status, while serum sodium increased and the patient’s symptoms improved. During long-term treatment, we were able to differentiate between sodium and volume status in our patient, suggesting that TLV uncoupled body sodium from water. Conclusion: TLV in addition to loop diuretics improved clinical symptoms of PLE and lowered tissue sodium overload. Long-term effects should be further evaluated in Fontan patients.
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Perelman, Adi, Naftali Lazarovitch, Jan Vanderborght, and Andreas Pohlmeier. "Quantitative imaging of sodium concentrations in soil-root systems using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)." Plant and Soil 454, no. 1-2 (July 25, 2020): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04628-8.

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Abstract Aims Demonstrating the potential of MRI as a 3D, non-invasive and continuous measurement technique to map Na+ concentration distributions in soil and around roots. Methods Dissolved NaCl in soil and soil-plant systems was mapped by 3D 23Na-MRI. The lower limit of detectability in saturated and unsaturated porous media was evaluated, followed by evaporation experiments to test the quantification. Finally, Na+ enrichment around tomato roots, irrigated with saline solution under low/high transpiration rates (LT, HT), was imaged in parallel to the root system,. Results A spin echo pulse sequence allowed the quantitative mapping of the volume concentration of NaCl in sandy porous medium. Evaporation experiments showed slight enrichment in the top surface layer, plus uniform temporal enrichment in the deeper layers. In the tomato experiments, enrichment was more distinct under HT than under LT. Concentration-distance correlation curves revealed thin enrichment zones ranging a few mm around the roots. Conclusions MRI can map Na+ non-invasively in 3D at relevant concentrations for root activity. Visualizing water content, roots and Na+ on the same scale is possible, despite limitations of different scanning times and resolution. This opens a route for further quantitative investigations of salt enrichment processes in soil and soil-plant systems.
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Eisele, Philipp, Simon Konstandin, Martin Griebe, Kristina Szabo, Marc E. Wolf, Angelika Alonso, Anne Ebert, et al. "Heterogeneity of acute multiple sclerosis lesions on sodium (23Na) MRI." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 22, no. 8 (October 9, 2015): 1040–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458515609430.

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Background: Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques provide a window into pathological processes in multiple sclerosis (MS). Nevertheless, to date only few studies have performed sodium MRI in MS. Objectives: We analysed total sodium concentration (TSC) in hyperacute, acute and chronic lesions in MS with 23Na MRI. Methods: 23Na MRI and 1H MRI were performed in 65 MS patients and 10 healthy controls (HC). Mean TSC was quantified in all MS lesions with a diameter of >5 mm and in the normal appearing white and grey matter (NAWM, NAGM). Results: TSC in the NAWM and the NAGM of MS patients was significantly higher compared to HC (WM: 37.51 ± 2.65 mM versus 35.17 ± 3.40 mM; GM: 43.64 ± 2.75 mM versus 40.09 ± 4.64 mM). Acute and chronic MS lesions showed elevated TSC levels of different extent (contrast-enhancing lesions (49.07 ± 6.99 mM), T1 hypointense lesions (45.06 ± 6.26 mM) and remaining T1 isointense lesions (39.88 ± 5.54 mM)). However, non-enhancing hyperacute lesions with a reduced apparent diffusion coefficient showed a TSC comparable to the NAWM (37.22 ± 4.62 mM). Conclusions: TSC is not only a sensitive marker of the severity of chronic tissue abnormalities in MS but is also highly sensitive to opening of the blood–brain barrier and vasogenic tissue oedema in contrast-enhancing lesions.
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Ronga, Mario, Gloria Angeretti, Sergio Ferraro, Giovanni De Falco, Eugenio Genovese, and Paolo Cherubino. "Imaging of articular cartilage: current concepts." Joints 02, no. 03 (July 2014): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11138/jts/2014.2.3.137.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard method for non-invasive assessment of joint cartilage, providing information on the structure, morphology and molecular composition of this tissue. There are certain minimum requirements for a MRI study of cartilage tissue: machines with a high magnetic field (> 1.5 Tesla); the use of surface coils; and the use of T2-weighted, proton density-weighted fast-spin echo (T2 FSE-DP) and 3D fat-suppressed T1-weighted gradient echo (3D-FS T1W GRE) sequences. For better contrast between the different joint structures, MR arthography is a method that can highlight minimal fibrillation or fractures of the articular surface and allow evaluation of the integrity of the native cartilagerepair tissue interface. To assess the biochemical composition of cartilage and cartilage repair tissue, various techniques have been proposed for studying proteoglycans [dGEMRIC, T1rho mapping, sodium (23Na) imaging MRI, etc.], collagen, and water distribution [T2 mapping, “magnetisation transfer contrast”, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and so on]. Several MRI classifications have been proposed for evaluating the processes of joint degeneration (WORMS, BLOKS, ICRS) and post-surgical maturation of repair tissue (MOCART, 3D MOCART). In the future, isotropic 3D sequences set to improve image quality and facilitate the diagnosis of disorders of articular structures adjacent to cartilage.
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Guiheneuf, Thierry M., Stephen J. Gibbs, and Laurance D. Hall. "Measurement of the inter-diffusion of sodium ions during pork brining by one-dimensional 23Na Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)." Journal of Food Engineering 31, no. 4 (March 1997): 457–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0260-8774(96)00085-4.

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Eleff, Scott M., Mitchell D. Schnall, Laszlo Ligetti, Mary Osbakken, Harihara Subramanian, Britton Chance, and John S. Leigh. "Concurrent measurements of cerebral blood flow, sodium, lactate, and high-energy phosphate metabolism using19F,23Na,1H, and31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 7, no. 4 (August 1988): 412–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.1910070404.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sodium (23Na) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)"

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MAGGIORELLI, FRANCESCA. "Design and Development of Radio Frequency Coils for Sodium Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 7 T." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1066803.

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The main goal of this Thesis is the design and development of Radio-Frequency (RF) coils for sodium Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) at Ultra High Field (UHF). The advantage of using UHF MR scanners is due to the possibility to achieve improved Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (SNR) and spatial resolution. These characteristics are fundamental in case of imaging with nuclei different from proton, which provide an intrinsically lower signal because of their lower in-vivo concentration and lower gyromagnetic ratio. Moreover, the overlap between sodium and proton images allows the accurate localization of regions with an anomalous sodium concentration, thanks to the anatomically more detailed proton images. For this reason, in case of imaging with non-proton nuclei, Dual-Tuned (DT) coils are preferable, since they allow the signal acquisition in a fixed spatial orientation of the subject, thus removing the need of patient’s repositioning between two consecutive acquisitions with two different RF coil resonating at the two Larmor frequencies of proton and sodium, respectively. Therefore, with a DT coil, automatically co-registered images can be obtained. The cost to pay is an increase in the design and development complexity with respect to a standard RF coil. In this Thesis, RF coils prototypes for sodium imaging (Larmor frequency ≃ 79 MHz) have been designed and developed for two different applications: human knee and human head imaging. Concerning the knee imaging, both surface coils, suitable for the signal reception, and volume coils, suitable for the sample excitation, have been designed and developed. All surface coils for knee imaging are dual-tuned. The first DT-RF coil prototype has been developed to study and characterize the issues related to the coupling between the two resonant structures, which usually compose a DT coil. New decoupling strategies have been proposed and developed as an alternative to the standard decoupling by using trap circuits, including models based on PIN diodes and Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) switches. The volume RF coil for the knee imaging, built to be sensitive to the sodium signal only, has been designed according to the birdcage model. It has been developed to face with potential issues related to sodium volume coil interfacing with the MR system and signal acquisition before starting the construction of DT volume coils. Concerning the head imaging, an imbricated DT-RF coil, consisting of two concentrically placed birdcages, and the related electronic interface needed to connect the coil to the MR system, have been developed. Finally, an unconventional DT volume coil model (four-ring model), consisting of two birdcage-like resonant structures arranged on the same cylindrical surface and tuned at the two frequencies of interest, has been taken into account. The four-ring model has been optimized though electromagnetic simulations, with the main purpose of increasing the magnetic field homogeneity at the proton Larmor frequency at 7 T (≃ 300 MHz), and finally compared with the imbricated model.
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Gao, Yong. "Noninvasive monitoringn of CCl4 induced acute and chronic liver damage in rat by single quantum and triple quantum filtered 23Na magnetic resonance imaging." Connect to resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2045.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Indiana University, 2008.
Title from screen (viewed on January 26, 2010). Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Navin Bansal, Andriy M. Babsky, Stephen A. Kempson, David P. Basile. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 33-36).
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Gast, Lena [Verfasser], Bernhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Hensel, Armin [Akademischer Betreuer] Nagel, and Bernhard [Gutachter] Hensel. "Magnetic resonance imaging of physiological sodium (23Na) and potassium (39K) ions in human skeletal muscle tissue at 3T and 7T / Lena Gast ; Gutachter: Bernhard Hensel ; Bernhard Hensel, Armin Nagel." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2020. http://d-nb.info/1219303542/34.

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Sedláčková, Gabriela. "Optimalizace MRI měření slepičích embryí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221370.

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This thesis deals with optimization of MRI measuring of phantoms containing the chicken embryo. The theoretical part of thesis is dedicated to the MRI fundamentals and description of pulse sequences. In the next part the options of keeping and monitoring the temperature are being discussed. The thesis also deals with design and realization of phantoms which are used for measuring. A browser of images captured by MRI was programmed in Matlab environment. The program allows users to look through the images with different settings of pulses sequences or kind of phantom. The final part of thesis describes the anatomical structures of chicken embryo and discussion of collected results.
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Gao, Yong. "NONINVASIVE MONITORING OF CCl4 INDUCED ACUTE AND CHRONIC LIVER DAMAGE IN RAT BY SINGLE QUANTUM AND TRIPLE QUANTUM FILTERED 23Na MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2045.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
In present study, single quantum (SQ) and triple quantum filtered (TQF) 23Na magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to monitor the severity and progression of CCl4 induced acute and chronic liver damage in rat model. SQ 23Na MRI was proposed to measure the 23Na signal intensity (SI) of total tissue sodium ions, and TQF 23Na MRI was proposed to measure the SI of intracellular sodium ions. In addition, shift reagent aided 23Na and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to measure in vivo intracellular sodium concentration ([Na+i]), total tissue sodium concentration ([Na+t]) and relative extracellular space (rECS) of liver in the same model. In acute high dose CCl4 intoxication, 24 hours after single dose of CCl4 in 5ml per kg body weight of mixture of CCl4 and oil in 1:1 ratio, SQ 23Na SI increased by 83% and TQF 23Na SI increased by 174% compared to the baseline level. According to SR-aided 23Na and 31P MRS, [Na+i] increased by 188% and [Na+t] increased by 43%. In addition, there was significant decrease in cellular energetic level, represented by ATP/Pi ratio. Histology examination showed pronounced inflammatory response in centrilobular regions, with neutrophiles infiltration, fatty accumulation and swollen hepatocytes. In chronic 8-week experiment, chronic damage was induced by biweekly administration of CCl4 in a dosage of 0.5 ml per kg body weight. From week 1 to week 6, SQ 23Na SI remained relatively constant, and then increased by 15% from week 6 to week 8. TQF 23Na SI progressively increased from week 1 to week 8, totally by 56%. Both SQ and TQF 23Na SI showed significant difference between treated group and control at every week. SR-aided 23Na and 31P MRS experiment showed that, at the end of 8-week CCl4 intoxication, both [Na+t] and rECS were higher than control, by 49% and 47% respectively; however, there was no significant difference for [Na+i] between two groups. Histology examination showed excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. In conclusion, SQ and TQF 23Na MRI appears valuable in the functional assessment of liver in noninvasive approach, and could be a promising diagnostic modality for liver diseases in clinical area.
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(8933363), Ahmad Abdurahman M. Alhulail. "FAT AND SODIUM QUANTIFICATION AND CORRELATION BY MRSI." Thesis, 2020.

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Lipids and sodium (23Na) are two essential components of the human body. They play a role in almost all biological systems. However, an increase in their levels is associated with metabolic diseases. The elevation of their contents can cause similar health disorders. Examples of prevalent disorders that share an increase of musculoskeletal lipids and 23Na are hypertension and diabetes. However, the relationship between in vivo lipid and sodium levels in pathophysiology has not been studied enough and therefore is still unclear. Additionally, the available quantification methods to facilitate such a study may not be practical. They are either invasive, not sensitive enough, or require an impractical measurement time.

Therefore, in this work, our aims were to develop practical in vivo methods to quantify the absolute sodium concentration as well as the concentration of each lipid component individually, and to study the correlation between them within the skeletal muscles.

Since lipids and 23Na have different nuclear magnetic resonance properties, their quantification by magnetic resonance (MR) techniques face different challenges. Thus, we optimized different MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) techniques for lipids and 23Na.

Our proposed proton MRSI was able to provide eight lipid fat fraction (FF) maps representing each musculoskeletal lipid component (fatty acid) detected by our MRSI technique, and demonstrated a superior sensitivity compared to the conventional MR imaging methods.

For 23Na, our developed 23Na-MRSI was able to measure and map the absolute 23Na concentration with values agreeing with those reported previously in biopsy studies, and with a high repeatability (CV < 6 %) within significantly shorter acquisition time compared to other available techniques.

Finally, the 23Na concentration and the fat fractions of each lipid component within healthy skeletal muscles were measured and correlated using our developed MRSI methods. Our findings suggest a positive regional relationship between 23Na and lipids and negative correlation between 23Na and BMI under healthy conditions.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sodium (23Na) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)"

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Grist, James T., Esben Søvsø Hansen, Frank G. Zöllner, and Christoffer Laustsen. "Sodium (23Na) MRI of the Kidney: Basic Concept." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 257–66. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_15.

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AbstractThe handling of sodium by the renal system is a key indicator of renal function. Alterations in the corticomedullary distribution of sodium are considered important indicators of pathology in renal diseases. The derangement of sodium handling can be noninvasively imaged using sodium magnetic resonance imaging (23Na MRI), with data analysis allowing for the assessment of the corticomedullary sodium gradient. Here we introduce sodium imaging, describe the existing methods, and give an overview of preclinical sodium imaging applications to illustrate the utility and applicability of this technique for measuring renal sodium handling.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This introduction chapter is complemented by two separate chapters describing the experimental procedure and data analysis.
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Madelin, Guillaume. "Sodium 23Na." In X-Nuclei Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 119–209. New York: Jenny Stanford Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003030195-5.

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Kotecha, Mrignayani. "High Field Sodium MRS/MRI." In Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Tissue Engineering, 49–69. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119193272.ch3.

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Nagel, Armin M., Marc-André Weber, Arijitt Borthakur, and Ravinder Reddy. "Skeletal Muscle MR Imaging Beyond Protons: With a Focus on Sodium MRI in Musculoskeletal Applications." In Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Skeletal Musculature, 115–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/174_2013_923.

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Riazy, Leili, Bastien Milani, João S. Periquito, Kathleen Cantow, Thoralf Niendorf, Menno Pruijm, Erdmann Seeliger, and Andreas Pohlmann. "Subsegmentation of the Kidney in Experimental MR Images Using Morphology-Based Regions-of-Interest or Multiple-Layer Concentric Objects." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 549–64. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_33.

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AbstractFunctional renal MRI promises access to a wide range of physiologically relevant parameters such as blood oxygenation, perfusion, tissue microstructure, pH, and sodium concentration. For quantitative comparison of results, representative values must be extracted from the parametric maps obtained with these different MRI techniques. To improve reproducibility of results this should be done based on regions-of-interest (ROIs) that are clearly and objectively defined.Semiautomated subsegmentation of the kidney in magnetic resonance images represents a simple but very valuable approach for the quantitative analysis of imaging parameters in multiple ROIs that are associated with specific anatomic locations. Thereby, it facilitates comparing MR parameters between different kidney regions, as well as tracking changes over time.Here we provide detailed step-by-step instructions for two recently developed subsegmentation techniques that are suitable for kidneys of small rodents: i) the placement of ROIs in cortex, outer and the inner medulla based on typical kidney morphology and ii) the division of the kidney into concentrically oriented layers.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers.
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Conference papers on the topic "Sodium (23Na) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)"

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Maggiorelli, Francesca, Guido Buonincontri, Alessandra Retico, Joshua D. Kaggie, Martin J. Graves, Laura Biagi, Gianluigi Tiberi, and Michela Tosetti. "Sodium imaging of the human knee cartilage with magnetic resonance at ultra high field: Development of a double frequency (1H/23Na) RF coil." In 2017 International Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Symposium - Italy (ACES). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ropaces.2017.7916403.

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