Academic literature on the topic 'Sod buyers'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sod buyers"
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Wagner, Gerhard. "Termination and cure under the Common European Sales Law: Consumer protection misunderstood." Common Market Law Review 50, Special Issue (March 1, 2013): 147–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/cola2013041.
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The CESL'sscheme of remedies for defective performance by the seller is different for commercial sales and for consumer sales. In case of a commercial transaction (B2B), the seller has a right to cure defective performance either by repair or by replacement, before the merchant-buyer is entitled toterminate the contract. The priority of cure over rescission offers an efficient solution as it keeps buyer opportunism at bay, while preserving the incentives of the seller to deliver conforming goods. The scheme of remedies for transactions involving consumer-buyers(B2C)deviates from this reasonable solution as the buyer, in the case of defective tender, is entitled to immediate rescission. The right to immediate cancellation is meant to privilege consumer-buyers but, in truth,this backfires as it increases the costs of sellers without benefitting buyers in the same or a higher measure. The right to immediate rescission allows buyers to call off the contract for opportunistic reasons, such as a drop in market price or, more importantly, a revision of personal preferences. The resulting increase in the costs of sellers will be passed on to the class of buyers through price increases. In this way,opportunistic buyers will be able to shift the costs associated with their behaviour to faithful buyers who will be forced to cross-subsidize their opportunistic brethren. It seems that this rather sad outcome is not what the framers of the CESL had in mind when they tried to enhance the remedies of consumer-buyers.
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Adams, Jacqueline. "When Art Loses its Sting: The Evolution of Protest Art in Authoritarian Contexts." Sociological Perspectives 48, no. 4 (December 2005): 531–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sop.2005.48.4.531.
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Change in art is an understudied topic in sociological research. This article examines protest artworks ( arpilleras) produced by shantytown women during and shortly after the dictatorship in Chile, to explore the question why political art that is for sale changes over time. This research is based on 136 semi-structured and in-depth interviews with various members of the art world in Chile, Europe, and the United States, a year's worth of participant observation of art groups in Santiago and over five hundred photographs of arpilleras, taken by the author and analyzed thematically. Political art that is for sale can change because the intermediary (the organization connecting producers and buyers) becomes less or more politically conservative, develops a precarious financial situation, grows more afraid of repression, and has the power to enforce the changes it desires; because the original buyers are replaced with new buyers with different motivations; and because new artists with new ideas begin making the art, one artist in the group produces something different and the idea spreads, artists censor themselves, and artists have new experiences or learn about new events. Through these sources of change, international social movements, local and international political and economic developments, and global institutions impact the art. Meanings attached to the art by the different parties (intermediaries, buyers, and artists) and class differences between artists and intermediaries are also important in facilitating change. These findings, based as they are on political art made in a repressive context, not only contribute to our understanding of artistic evolution but they help correct the bias in the sociology of art toward “art” made in democratic countries of the “First World.” They are not just applicable to authoritarian regimes but also to art by politicized minority groups in democratic contexts, and to other cultural products such as newspapers, magazines, documentaries, and books.
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Kaklauskas, Ubarte, Kalibatas, Lill, Velykorusova, Volginas, Vinogradova, et al. "A Multisensory, Green, and Energy Efficient Housing Neuromarketing Method." Energies 12, no. 20 (October 10, 2019): 3836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203836.
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Green products, clean energy, energy union, green buildings, eco-innovations, environment-related, and similar initiatives and policies have become very popular and widely applied all over the world. A pleasant built environment (parks, flowerbeds, beautiful buildings) and a repulsive environment (noise, polluted surroundings) influence a buyer’s outlook on an advertisement differently. An aesthetic, comfortable, and clean built environment evokes positive emotional states, not only at the time of housing selection and purchase but during the building’s life cycle as well. Potential housing buyers always feel comfortable in certain built environments, and they are inclined to spend more time there. The issues needing answers are how to measure the segmentation/physiological indicators (crowd composition by gender and age groups), as well as the emotional (happy, sad, angry, valence) and physiological (heart rate) states of potential homebuyers realistically, to produce an integrated evaluation of such data and offer buyers rational, green, and energy efficient housing alternatives. To achieve this purpose, the Multisensory, green and energy efficient housing neuromarketing method was developed to generate the necessary conditions. Here, around 200 million multisensory data recordings (emotional and physiological states) were accumulated, and the environmental air pollution (CO, NO2, PM10, volatile organic compounds) and noise pollution were investigated. Specific green and energy efficient building case studies appear in this article to demonstrate the developed method clearly. The obtained research results are in line with those from previous and current studies, which state that the interrelation of environmental responsiveness and age forms an inverse U and that an interest in green and energy efficient housing depends on age.
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Usman, A. H., and B. Mukhtar. "INVESTIGATION OF QUALITATIVE PARAMETERS IN SOAP PRODUCED FROM BLEND OF NEEM AND CASTOR OIL." JOURNAL OF THE NIGERIAN SOCIETY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS 36, no. 2 (September 30, 2021): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51975/21360203.som.
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Soap is a chemical compound formed by interaction of fatty acids and metal radicals. Different types of vegetable oils have been found to be good candidates for soap production due to their saponifiable nature. However, edible oils are often expensive to use for soap production due to competing demand between commercial and domestic buyers. So, in this work, blend of nonedible neem and castor oils were used at different proportions to produce various soap samples. The foregoing was achieved via the two well-known processes of soap production, that is; the hot and cold processes. The work investigated the parameters that influence the quality of soap and determined their optimum values using various blends of the oils. Six samples were produced, and their properties analyzed and compared with two commercial samples to determine a blend with the most desirable qualities. The yield, foamability, pH, hardness and cleansing power of the produced soap samples were determined. It was found that the blend of 60 ml neem oil and 40 ml castor oil was the best with a yield of 70.4%, foamability of 11.8 cm, pH of 10.42 and a high cleansing power. The results were found to be consistent with those of the two commercial samples used as controls. Keywords: Castor, cleansing power, foamability, hardness, neem, oil, soap samples
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Razzaq, Sumrina, Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, Malik Ikramullah, and Jan-Willem van Prooijen. "Occurrence of rating distortions and ratees’ fairness perceptions per raters’ mood and affect." Career Development International 21, no. 7 (November 14, 2016): 726–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cdi-03-2016-0036.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the occurrence of rating distortions under raters’ different mood conditions and at different levels of interpersonal affect of raters towards ratees, and further its association with ratees’ perceptions of distributive and interpersonal fairness. Design/methodology/approach For the scenario-based experiment, the study recruited 110 undergraduate students as participants. Of them, 22 raters appraised the video-taped buyer-seller negotiation performance of 88 ratees. Repeated measures analysis was employed to analyse data. Findings Results revealed that under different mood conditions (pleasant and sad) and at different levels of interpersonal affect towards ratees (high and low), raters distorted ratings (inflated and deflated, respectively). These rating distortions shaped ratees fairness perceptions in such a way that ratees who received inflated ratings due to raters’ pleasant mood and high interpersonal affect perceived more distributive and interpersonal fairness than ratees who received deflated ratings due to raters’ sad mood and low interpersonal affect. Originality/value The paper is a step towards integrating the affect infusion model with distributive and interpersonal fairness theory. This integration can be of value for enhancing our understanding of how rater-centric rating errors take place, which subsequently shape ratees’ fairness perceptions.
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Mironiuc, Marilena, Elena Ionașcu, Maria Carmen Huian, and Alina Țaran. "Reflecting the Sustainability Dimensions on the Residential Real Estate Prices." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 9, 2021): 2963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052963.
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The paper analyzes the reaction of residential property prices to sustainability attributes and the extent to which they capitalize the effects of sustainability on real estate markets in EU-28 countries in the period 2000–2018. Given that the sustainable real estate market is mainly driven by demand, the sustainability attributes included in the study reflect both buyers’ expectations and their investment potential in sustainable residential properties, and developers’ efforts to become more “sustainable” through responsible property investment. In order to correspond to the current meaning of sustainable development, the variables capture the four dimensions that give content to the concept of the quadruple bottom line: economic, social, environmental and institutional. Using panel data and the two-stage least squares (2SLS) method, the research reveals a pronounced sensitivity of residential property prices to all sustainability dimensions in countries considered leaders in implementing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), characterized by a strong institutional environment, and efficient and transparent real estate markets. In countries less committed to SGD implementation, weak governance and higher corruption negatively affect the transparency of real estate markets, and the dynamics of the price of residential transactions are determined only by the economic and social dimensions of sustainability.
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Butov, Alexander V. "Causes of Loss Competitivenesses of the Company Ford in the Russian Federation." International Trade and Trade Policy, no. 4 (January 3, 2020): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2019-4-171-180.
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The departure of large foreign car manufacturers from the Russian market negatively affects all partners and interested parties car dealers, suppliers, employees, buyers and fans of brands of departed companies. This departure became even more painful for Ford itself, which leaves the domestic market with a loss of $ 500 million, which is 14% of the total annual profit of Ford Motor Co. in 2018 This sad event was caused by a number of circumstances: the consequences of the global financial crisis, the devaluation of the national currency, the decline in sales in the Russian car market, company errors in pricing, marketing policies and updating the model range, in assessing the prospects for marketing products and creating excess production capacities, as well as refusal to independently manage Russian business and the choice for this Russian partner in a joint venture. A close study of the reasons that forced the recent leader of the Russian car market to Ford to close its car factories and stop selling them in Russia is presented in the article. Particular attention is paid to the development of the domestic car market, the development of effective competition strategies in the face of falling household incomes and rising product prices, state support for the domestic auto industry, as well as the specifics of creating joint ventures in the Russian Federation and assessing the resource capabilities of joint venture partners.
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KINAY, Ahmet. "Agronomic and chemical properties of hybrid oriental tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) lines and their stabilities." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, no. 5 (September 4, 2020): 874–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i5.104332.
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The present study was conducted at six Basma tobacco production centres, viz. Esencay, Endikpinar, Uzumlu, Karayaka, Evciler and Yenice in 2016 and 2017. The aim was to find the best stable hybrid Basma tobacco lines with attributes desired by the growers and buyer firms. Four hybrid lines and their parents were used as the plant material of the study. Plant height, leaf width, leaf length, yield, grade index characteristics were investigated and nicotine, glucose, fructose, chlorogenic acid and rutin analyses were performed with an HPLC system. Genotype stabilities were determined with regard to yield and grade index. Attribute means, regression coefficient (b), regression constant (a), coefficient of determination (r2), coefficient of variation (CV%) and standard deviation of regression (S2d) were used as the stability parameters. As the average of six locations, plant height was 109.22 cm, number of leaves was 28.34, leaf width was 12.09 cm, leaf length was 22.71 cm, yield was 1612.2 kg/ha, grade index was 64.10%, nicotine content was 1.69%, glucose content was 4.54%, fructose content was 5.07%, chlorogenic acid content was 388.32 ppm and rutin content was 607.05 ppm. Hybrids had greater leaf width, leaf length, yield and chemical attributes than the parents. Significant differences were observed in all of the investigated parameters. H2 (dry leaf yield: 1808.6 kg/ha, grade index 66.20%) hybrid was identified as the most stable and promising registration candidate hybrid.
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"Product Recommendation based on Sybil and Trusted Votes in Social Networks." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 5434–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.c4005.098319.
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Networks is a platform which is easily accessible by normal users worldwide. Online Social Networks facilitates users online to get registered with ease of speed and create their own accounts to communicate with the social world for information gathering. This platform allows everyone to get registered online irrespective of their social behaviour. Users here are creating duplicate accounts that is creating Sybil in the network. By this Sybil online Social Networks are suffering for different kinds of Sybil attacks online. In social networks user’s feedback and preferences play an important role in suggesting friends online or recommending products online. When collecting the feedback or preferences of any product online both Sybil user’s and real user’s data is considered as we are not differentiating the Sybil user or real user. From this products, recommended online will not have an efficient rating which would divert the buyers online. To over this problem we propose Sybil Community Detection Algorithm (SCD) and TrustRank Algorithm that bifurcates real user votes and Sybil users votes to fetch the efficient products online thus build secure online environment.
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"Tokai buys Sid Richardson to become the biggest US producer of carbon black." Focus on Pigments 2018, no. 11 (November 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fop.2018.11.016.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Sod buyers"
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Abramczuk, André Ambrosio. "Os relacionamentos na cadeia de suprimento sob o paradigma da desintegração vertical de processos: um estudo de caso." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3136/tde-14122001-131633/.
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Apresentada atualmente como fundamental para a vantagem competitiva das empresas, a desintegração vertical de processos é uma ação geral que, uma vez adotada, leva a novas formas de relacionamento com fornecedores. Estas novas formas de relacionamento de empresas com fornecedores fazem com que cadeias de suprimento passem a ser estruturadas por meio de vínculos de cooperação contratual, em contraposição à estruturação vertical por meio de vínculos de cooperação hegemônica. Nesta dissertação estabelecem-se primeiramente os conceitos de cadeia de suprimento e de desintegração vertical de processos; analisam-se em seguida as várias formas de relacionamento contratual que uma empresa pode estabelecer com fornecedores e daí deduzem-se critérios de escolha de fornecedores em coerência com o relacionamento que a empresa irá estabelecer com os fornecedores escolhidos. Para submeter a teste esta dedução, realizou-se uma pesquisa em duas empresas do ramo químico, por meio da qual se identificaram os critérios que estas empresas adotam para escolher fornecedores e estabelecer com eles vínculos de relacionamento contratual. Os resultados da pesquisa levam à conclusão de que as empresas pesquisadas estabelecem com seus fornecedores os relacionamentos mais adequados conforme as circunstâncias, mas não o relacionamento ideal. A dissertação se encerra com proposta de um programa de estudos transdisciplinares sobre a gestão de suprimentos em geral e os relacionamentos cliente-fornecedor em especial.Put nowadays as basic for the competitive advantage of companies, vertical disintegration of processes is a wide action that, once adopted, gives rise to new forms of relationships with suppliers. These new forms of relationships between firms and their suppliers draw to the structuring of supply chains according to links of contractual co-operation, in contrast to their vertical structuring according to links of hegemonic co-operation. In this dissertation the concepts of supply chain and of vertical disintegration of processes are settled first; following it the various forms of contractual relationship that a firm can set up with its suppliers are scrutinized and then criteria for supplier selection are inferred, consistently with the relationship the firm will set in agreement with the chosen suppliers. In order to submit this inference to a trial, a research was undertaken at two companies that carry business in the chemical branch undertaken, identifying the criteria these companies adopt for supplier selection and for setting up with the chosen ones links of contractual co-operation. The results of the research draw to the conclusion that the researched companies set up with their suppliers the most suitable relationships according to circumstances, but not the ideal relationship. The dissertation ends with the proposal of a program for transdisciplinary studies concerning supply management broadly and customer-supplier relationships in special.
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Marquardt, Adam Jefferson. "Buyer-seller relationship quality and brand equity in the thoroughbred consignment industry /." view abstract or download file of text, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1421612791&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2007.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 194-203). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Hertzberg, Lina. "Beteendeförändring hos män som köper sex : ur yrkesverksammas perspektiv." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79615.
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I arbetet mot människohandel och prostitution understryks vikten av att minska efterfrågan på sexköp, det vill säga att få män sluta köpa sex. Med detta är det därför relevant att skapa en förståelse för hur man kan få sexköpare att ändra sitt beteende för att på så sätt stoppa den sexuella exploatering av kvinnor som sker genom sexhandel. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka yrkesverksammas erfarenheter av sexköpare som söker hjälp respektive sexköpare som inte gör det, för att skapa en förståelse för vad som gör att sexköpare ändrar sitt beteende. Studien bygger på kvalitativa intervjuer med yrkesverksamma från hela Sverige, materialet har sedan analyserats med tematisk analys. I resultatet framgår det att det som upplevs vara betydande för en beteendeförändring hos män som köper sex är att skapa motivation samt medvetenhet hos männen. För att detta ska hända anses det vara betydelsefullt att komma åt sexköparnas kognitiva struktur som gör att de exempelvis rättfärdigar sitt beteende och där med fortsätter med beteendet. Vidare anses även att lära sig hantera sina känslor på ett hälsosamt sätt samt att det finns konsekvenser för sexköp vara betydande för att få män att sluta köpa sex.In the fight against human trafficking and prostitution many emphasize the importance of working towards reducing the demand, in other words, decreasing the number of men who buy sex. Therefore, it can be considered important to create an understanding of how to get sex buyers to change their behavior and by doing so, stop the sexual exploitation of women through sex trade. The purpose of this study is to examine the experiences of professionals who meet sex buyers who get help changing their behavior and sex buyers who do not, in order to create an understanding what makes men who buy sex change their behavior according to professionals. The study is based on qualitative interviews with professionals from different parts of Sweden and has been analyzed using thematic analysis. The result confers the importance of creating motivation and awareness among sex buyers, in order to get them to change their behavior. To make this happen, it is considered important directing efforts to reconstruct the cognitive structure of the sex buyers, which for instance justifies their behavior and thereby counteract changing it. Furthermore, results from the interviews also indicated that it is important for the men to learn how to manage their emotions in a non-dysfunctional way, along with the existence of consequences for buying sex.
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Lönneborg, Markus, and Terese Mörnvik. "Kognitiv dissonans hos män som köper sex." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke högskola, Institutionen för socialvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-7621.
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Den transnationella sexhandeln med strukturella och ekonomiska betingelser som har sin grund i fattigdom i andra länder, är en utmaning för polisen och socialarbetare då denna grupp ofta befinner sig utom räckhåll för välfärdsarbetare i Sverige (Månsson, 2018). Tidigare forskning har visat att sexköpare styr efterfrågan på prostituerade och därmed ökar antalet personer utsatta för trafficking (Mendes Bota, 2014). Med detta i åtanke har vårt examensarbete i socialt arbete syftet att undersöka hur män som köper sex försvarar och talar om sitt sexköp i relation till kognitiv dissonansteori. Detta i en svensk kontext där sexköp är olagligt. För att nå vårt syfte har vi tagit del av förhörsprotokoll och domar kopplade till sexköp i Stockholmsområdet under januari 2018-april 2019. Vi har också intervjuat professionella inom de befintliga organisationer/myndigheter i Stockholm som explicit arbetar med sexköpare (KAST, Anova och Prostitutionsgruppen). Studien har en kvalitativ ansats med en abduktiv ingång. Under arbetets gång har studien blivit mer teoridriven och analys av vårt material är genomförd utifrån kognitiv dissonansteori. En teori som utgår från att individer vid olika val har motstridiga kognitioner vilka kan skapa en dissonans som individen är motiverad att minska. Vi har särskilt analyserat materialet utifrån följande modeller av kognitiv dissonans; self-discrepancy modellen, som dissonans kopplat till yttre eller inre påverkan, dissonans enligt self-affirmation concept, aversive- consequences modellen, och utifrån action-based modellen. Resultatet av studien visar att kognitiv dissonans hos män som köper sex påverkas av olika faktorer och hanteras på skilda sätt. Några slutsatser i vår studie är: Få sexköpare beskriver en känsla av personligt ansvar för säljarens situation, vilket vi tolkat som ett sätt att undkomma kognitiv dissonans. För att reducera dissonansen förminskar sexköparen de sexuella handlingarna och lyfter fram en bild av sig själv som ’schysst’ och ’hjälpsam’. Lagstiftningen verkar inte vara en särskilt hindrande kognition för de män som faktiskt köper sex även om den på ett samhälleligt plan har en stark normpåverkan och verkar hindrande för majoriteten män, de som inte köper sex. Sexköp kan också vara kopplat till tvångsmässiga sexuella beteenden, låg impulskontroll, destruktiv livsföring och ångesthantering. Implikationer för framtida forskning, politik och socialt arbete är att fundera på hur kognitiv dissonansteori kan implementeras och användas i praktiken för att motverka sexköp, prostitution och trafficking. En annan aspekt som vi vill föra fram är synen på sexköp som ett socialt problem både på ett samhälleligt och ett individuellt plan. Sexköpare är en del av en samhällelig manlighetsnorm och inte endast individuella aktörer. För det sociala arbetet innebär detta synsätt att bemötande och behandling av sexköpare prioriteras och förbättras.The transnational sex trade with structural and economic conditions that are rooted in poverty in other countries is a challenge for the police and social workers as this group is often out of reach for welfare workers in Sweden (Månsson, 2018). Previous research has shown that sex buyers regulates the demand for prostitutes andthus increase the number of people exposed to trafficking (Mendes Bota, 2014). With this in mind, our study in social work aims to investigate how men who buy sex defend and speak about their sex buying in relation to cognitive dissonance theory. This is in a Swedish context where sex buying is illegal. To achieve our purpose, we have taken note of interrogation protocols and judgments linked to sex purchases in the Stockholm area in January 2018-April 2019. We have also interviewed professionals within the existing organizations/authorities in Stockholm who explicitly work with sex buyers (KAST, Anova and the Prostitution group). The study has a qualitative approach with an abductive input. During the course of the work, the study has become more theoretically driven and analysis of our material is carried out based on cognitive dissonance.A theory which assumes that individuals at different choices have conflicting cognitions that can create a dissonance that the individual is motivated to reduce. We have analyzed the material specifically from the following models of cognitive dissonance; the self-discrepancy model, which dissonance linked to external or internal influence, dissonance according to self-affirmation concept, aversive-effect model, and based on action-based model. The result of the study shows that cognitive dissonance in men who buy sex looks slightly different and is handled in different ways. Some conclusions in our studyare: Few sex buyers describe a sense of personal responsibility for the seller's situation, which we interpreted as a way of avoiding cognitive dissonance. In order toreduce the dissonance, the sex buyer reduces the sexual acts and highlights apicture of himself as ‘good’and ‘helpful’.The legislation does not seem to be a particularly obstructive cognition for the men who actually buy sex even though on a societal level it has a strong norm effect and seems to hinder the majority of men, those who do not buy sex. Sex buying can also be linked to compulsive sexual behavior, low impulse control, destructive lifestyle and anxiety management. Implications for future research, politics and social work are to consider how cognitive dissonance theory can be implemented and used in practice to counteract sex buying, prostitution and trafficking. Another aspect that we want to bring forward is the view of sex buying as a social problem both on a societal and an individual level. Sex buyers are part of a social male standard and not just individual actors. For social work, this approach means that treatment of sex buyers is prioritized and improved.
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Bäckström, Joachim, and Oscar Ekberg. "Potentiella köpares syn gällande fastighetsmäklares agerande under visningstillfälle." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-68851.
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Syftet med studien är att bidra till en ökad förståelse för hur fastighetsmäklare i Sverige kan arbeta för att bättre uppfylla köparens förväntningar vid bostadsvisningar och därmed öka sannolikheten till framtida samarbeten. I dagsläget är förtroendet för fastighetsmäklare lågt och yrket är förankrat med mycket fördomar, endast 6 % säger att de känner förtroende för fastighetsmäklare. Dock visar undersökning gjord av Mäklarsamfundet (2016) att kundnöjdheten bland säljare är hög där hela 87 % svarar att de varit nöjda med affären. Författarna har därmed konstaterat ett kunskapsgap där rollen som fastighetsmäklare inte undersökts ur en köpares perspektiv i syfte att förbättra servicekvalitén. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats med semi-strukturerade intervjuer där målet är att tydliggöra respondentens egna tankar och åsikter genom att kunna gå mer på djupet i respondentens svar och därmed uppnå en ökad förståelse kring hur fastighetsmäklaren uppfattas utifrån kundernas perspektiv, närmare bestämt ur en potentiell köpares perspektiv. Genom ett målstyrt urval väljs respondenter ut som inom senaste kvartalet varit på visning och haft en personlig kontakt med fastighetsmäklare. Insamlad data transkriberas och analyseras genom att bryta ned respondentens uttalande till nyckelord och citat för att framhäva en tydlig bild över vilka mönster samt nyckelfaktorer kunder anser viktiga kring rollen som fastighetsmäklare. Studien visar att samhällets fördomar gällande fastighetsmäklare i dagsläget sannolikt förstärks vid visningstillfällen snarare än motsatsen och köpares negativa syn för fastighetsmäklarens agerande under visningstillfällen är en bidragande anledning till varför förtroendet är lågt. Studien belyser också att potentiella köpare upplever fastighetsmäklare som passiva under visning och att fastighetsmäklare både kan och bör förbättra sitt kundbemötande för att motverka att spekulanter känner sig förbisedda och därmed öka sin omsättning genom ökade rekommendationer.The aim of this study is to contribute to an increased understanding of how real estate agents in Sweden can work to better meet the buyers expectations on housing listings and thus increase the likelihood of future collaborations. At present, trust in real estate agents is low and the profession is rooted in a lot of prejudice, only 6 % say they feel trust in real estate agents. However, a survey conducted by Mäklarsamfundet (2016) shows that customer satisfaction among sellers is high, with 87 % responding to being satisfied with the deal. The authors have thus found a gap in which the role of real estate broker was not examined from a buyer's perspective in order to improve service quality. The study has a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews where the aim is to clarify the respondent's own thoughts and opinions by being able to go deeper into the respondent's answers, thus gaining an understanding of how the real estate broker is perceived based on the customer's perspective, more specifically from a potential buyer's perspective. Through a goal-oriented selection, respondents are selected who were on a viewing in the last quarter and had personal contact with real estate agents. The collected data is transcribed and analyzed by breaking down the respondent's statement to keywords and quotes to highlight a clear picture of which patterns and key factors customers consider important about the role of real estate agent. The study shows that society's prejudices regarding real estate agents are currently likely to be strengthened at viewing times, rather than the opposite, and the buyers' negative view of the real estate agent's actions during viewing times is a contributing reason why trust is low. The study also highlights that potential buyers experience real estate agents as passive under viewing and that real estate agents can and should improve their customer relationship to counteract speculators feeling overlooked and thereby increase their turnover through increased recommendations.
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Ellis, Scott Christopher. "Toward supplier portfolio management theory An empirical study of buyer-supplier relationships in the United States automotive components industry /." 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1331408571&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=39334&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--State University of New York at Buffalo, 2007.Title from PDF title page (viewed on Nov. 09, 2007) Available through UMI ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Thesis adviser: Suresh, Nallan C. Includes bibliographical references.
Books on the topic "Sod buyers"
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Gustavsson, Martin. Dealing with Asymmetric Information. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815761.003.0012.
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A dilemma for market organizers is created by the fact that sellers want to know as much about buyers as possible, whereas buyers rarely want the seller to have that information—not least for privacy reasons. This dilemma is affected by market organization, and market organization may also be used to try to change imbalances in the conflicting information interests. In the market for personal insurance, insurance sellers require in-depth information about the buyer’s health conditions, in order to make an accurate categorization. As this information is sensitive to buyers, however, and can potentially exclude them from the market, many buyers are concerned about sharing it. This chapter demonstrates how sellers have spent considerable resources trying to organize buyers. However, the considerable imbalance in favour of the sellers’ interests triggered buyers and their advocates to call for market reorganizations. Eventually the state reacted and reorganized the market, but only modestly so.
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Abbey, Robert, and Mark Richards. 14. Post-completion procedures. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198823223.003.0014.
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Conveyancing practitioners, whether they are acting for the seller or the buyer, still have much to do once completion has taken place. However, the buyer’s solicitor will have more work to do, as in most transactions acting on behalf of the buyer means after completion dealing with the possible payment of stamp duty land tax and then registration of the title and/or transfer. So far as the seller is concerned, if there is a mortgage, paying off any lender is required, as well as accounting to the client for the net proceeds of sale. This chapter considers all these post-completion procedures.
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Abbey, Robert, and Mark Richards. 14. Post-completion procedures. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198787648.003.0014.
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Conveyancing practitioners, whether they are acting for the seller or the buyer, still have much to do once completion has taken place. However, the buyer’s solicitor will have more work to do, as in most transactions acting on behalf of the buyer means after completion dealing with the possible payment of stamp duty land tax and then registration of the title and/or transfer. So far as the seller is concerned, if there is a mortgage, paying off any lender is required, as well as accounting to the client for the net proceeds of sale. This chapter considers all these post-completion procedures.
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Brunsson, Nils. When Sellers Create Markets. Edited by Anna Tyllström. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815761.003.0006.
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Using empirical examples of two new markets for professional service, coaching services and public relations consultancy, we discuss how prospective sellers of a new product can engage in market creation. For example, sellers must create fundamental market components, such as a good that is defined and perceived as new, buyers who can be convinced that the new good can be a commodity in a market, competitors, and forms for exchange. In so doing sellers face a specific set of market dilemmas and challenges. For instance, how can they strike a balance between presenting a good as new or old? How do they control whether buyers are individuals or organizations? How can they support the creation of an optimal number of competitors? And how do they decide what to compete with? The handling of such dilemmas and challenges is dependent on the type of good exchanged.
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Babor, Thomas F., Jonathan Caulkins, Benedikt Fischer, David Foxcroft, Keith Humphreys, María Elena Medina-Mora, Isidore Obot, et al. Illegal markets: the economics and social costs of drug distribution. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198818014.003.0005.
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Illegal drugs are commodities that are bought and sold in markets. Many farmers are engaged in small amounts of drug growing in the producing countries, but there are comparatively small numbers of refiners, smugglers, and top-level importers. Compared to most legal markets, there are many sellers relative to the number of buyers in drug markets. One consequence of the network character of drug distribution is its resilience. Eliminating individual players or even entire organizations within a mature drug distribution network has little impact on the ability of the network as a whole to transport drugs from their source to the customers. This adaptability of mature drug distribution networks limits the ability of enforcement authorities to eradicate mass-market drugs.
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Ekelund, Robert B., John D. Jackson, and Robert D. Tollison. The Ongoing Evolution of the Market for American Art. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190657895.003.0008.
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Chapter 8 concludes with both a summary and an analysis of some of the institutions and events surrounding the American art market—investment, auction estimates, artistic productivity, theft, and bubbles. The peculiar aspects of American art seen through a major market conduit for buying and selling art—the auction—are the basis of understanding the unique quality of American art. This art has been “commoditized” as investors increasingly perceive the return possibilities. Additionally, the American art market has never been more vibrant at any time in history. Technology, particularly the Internet, has become a part of the economic process through which buyers and sellers are brought together. Whether giant Coca-Cola bottles, balloon dogs, or all-white paintings are art or not is irrelevant to the economist. These items are bought and sold as art, and a free and open market must include winners and losers.
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Abbey, Robert, and Mark Richards. 13. Completion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198787648.003.0013.
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Completion is the moment in time when the buyer pays the balance of the purchase price to the seller in exchange for the deeds (if any), executed purchase deed, keys, and, if the contract so provides, vacant possession. This chapter discusses the how, where, and when for completion; deeds and unregistered land; postal completions; dealing with the discharge of the seller’s mortgage; the Land Registry’s electronic discharge (e-DS1) scheme; and the outcome of completion.
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Abbey, Robert, and Mark Richards. 13. Completion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198823223.003.0013.
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Completion is the moment in time when the buyer pays over the balance of the purchase price to the seller in exchange for the deeds (if any), executed purchase deed, keys, and, if the contract so provides, vacant possession. This chapter discusses the how, where, and when for completion; deeds and unregistered land; postal completions; dealing with the discharge of the seller’s mortgage; the Land Registry’s electronic discharge (e-DS1) scheme; and the outcome of completion.
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Robinson, Martyn, and Bruce Thomson. Australian Wildlife After Dark. CSIRO Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486300730.
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Australia is a land of many unique animals, some of which are active only during the cooler evening and night-time and so are rarely seen. These are the after dark animals so widespread yet so little noticed by humans, whether in our backyards, the arid desert, woodlands or rainforest.
Australian Wildlife After Dark brings this hidden fauna into the light. The after dark fauna includes a surprising diversity of familiar (and some not-so-familiar) species, from cockroaches, moths and spiders through to bandicoots, bats and birds – and then some.
Each example is described in a unique, friendly style by Martyn Robinson, familiar to many Australians through his frequent media appearances on ABC Radio and in Burke’s Backyard magazine, and Bruce Thomson, an internationally renowned wildlife photographer and bat researcher. The book includes stunning photography and boxes that highlight selected topics, such as the ‘windscreen wiper’ eyelids of geckoes and the strategies used by night-time plants to attract pollinators. Also included are practical tips on finding nocturnal wildlife, a glossary of scientific terms and a short bibliography.
The book will appeal to a general family audience, wildlife enthusiasts, bushwalkers, amateur naturalists, national parks lovers, natural history museum visitors, libraries, gift book buyers and international visitors to Australia.
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Snyder, Saskia Coenen. A Brilliant Commodity. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197610473.001.0001.
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Abstract During the late nineteenth century, thousands of diggers, prospectors, merchants, and dealers extracted and shipped over 50 million carats of rough diamonds from South Africa to Europe. The primary supplier to the world, South Africa’s diamond fields became one of the formative sites of modern capitalist production. At each stage of the diamond’s route through the British empire and beyond—from Cape Town to London, from Amsterdam to New York City—carbon gems were primarily traded, appraised, manufactured, and sold by Jews. A Brilliant Commodity traces how once-peripheral Jewish populations became the central architects of a new, global exchange of diamonds that connected African sites of supply, European manufacturing centers, American retailers, and Western consumers. Centuries of restrictions had limited Jews to trade and finance, businesses that relied heavily on internal networks. Jews were well positioned to become key players in the earliest stage of the diamond trade and its growth into a global industry, a development fueled by technological advancements, a dramatic rise in the demand of luxury goods, and an abundance of rough stones. Mercantile and familial ties across continents aided Jews in creating a highly successful commodity chain that included buyers, brokers, cutters, factory owners, financiers, and retailers. Working within a diasporic ethnic community that bridged city and countryside, metropole and colony, Jews helped build a flourishing diamond industry, notably Hatton Garden in London and the Diamond District of New York City, and a place for themselves in the modern world.
Book chapters on the topic "Sod buyers"
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Deng, Yuan, Jieming Mao, Balasubramanian Sivan, and Kangning Wang. "Optimal Pricing Schemes for an Impatient Buyer." In Proceedings of the 2023 Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA), 382–98. Philadelphia, PA: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611977554.ch16.
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Yadav, Rita, Sarla Pareek, and Mandeep Mittal. "Non-Cooperative Game Theoretic Approach in Supply Chain With Imperfect Quality Items and Credit Financing." In Handbook of Research on Promoting Business Process Improvement Through Inventory Control Techniques, 215–32. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3232-3.ch013.
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This paper considers a supply chain model for imperfect quality items in which retail price of the buyer influences the demand of the product. The seller offers fix credit period for the buyer to stimulate his sales. Each delivered lot, goes through an inspection process at the buyer's end. After the inspection, items are separated into two parts, one is perfect quality items and another is imperfect quality items. The perfect quality items are sold at selling price and the imperfect items are sold at a discounted price immediately after the inspection process. The credit period offered by the seller and the selling price of the seller, both are considered as a decision variable. Relationship between seller and buyer is derived from the non-cooperative Seller- Stackelberg game approach. Optimal selling price, credit period and order quantity are determined by maximizing expected total profit of the supply chain. At the end, numerical examples with sensitivity analysis are given to explain the theory of the paper.
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Ingeborg, Schwenzer, and Muñoz Edgardo. "Part X Transfer of Title, 39 Transfer of Title." In Global Sales and Contract Law. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198871255.003.0038.
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This chapter expounds on the concept of transferring titles. The transfer of title is ultimately the obligation of the buyer in a sales contract. The transfer of title in the goods sold under a sales contract is central to the parties and their creditors’ interests. The chapter notes the importance of distinguishing legal systems following a unitary approach or a functional approach. It explains the applicable law used in default provisions. The mode of transferring title is also considered on a jurisdiction basis. The chapter also differentiates the buyer’s obligation of transferring titles and the seller’s obligation of delivering goods.
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Djokic, Ines, and Nikola Milicevic. "Online Buyer Profiles in Rural Tourism." In Handbook of Research on Agricultural Policy, Rural Development, and Entrepreneurship in Contemporary Economies, 253–72. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9837-4.ch013.
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The services of rural tourism are increasingly offered and sold through online channel. This chapter researches socio-demographic profile of online buyers of rural tourism services. The process of knowing and understanding buyers starts with conducting marketing research and is followed by strategic and tactical marketing steps. The profile of buyers is the result of the process of market segmentation in which various variables are used, firstly as segmentation base and later as descriptors of identified segments. Field marketing research was conducted in Serbia. There were 300 respondents. Convenience sampling was used. Several variables in regard to buyers' relation to rural tourism services were considered from the aspect of their socio-demographic characteristics. The results show that these variables are useful for describing rural tourism services' online buyers. Furthermore, the recommendations for providers of such services were provided.
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Smith, Alan D. "Linking the Popularity of Online Trading with Consumers’ Concerns for Reputation and Identity Theft." In Web-Based Multimedia Advancements in Data Communications and Networking Technologies, 1–35. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2026-1.ch001.
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Although online trading has its benefits, such as convenience and the ability to compare prices online, there are still many concerns about the integrity of the buyer, the seller and/or the online action service provider (OASP). This paper investigates these relationships via multivariate statistical analysis of a stratified sample of working professionals, resulting in 198 useable questionnaires from an initial sampling frame of over 550 professional personnel from five relatively large Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, firms. The author found that buyers that felt feedback systems were viable were more willing to engage in online trading activities and pay a premium price for merchandise being sold by a seller with a better reputation, regardless of gender. Customers were especially concerned with the total price, including shipping cost, regardless of gender. In terms of the convenience of payment method, electronic forms were preferred in transacting online trading activities, regardless of age and gender.
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Baskind, Eric, Greg Osborne, and Lee Roach. "12. The transfer of title." In Commercial Law, 272–306. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198825975.003.0012.
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This chapter considers the various circumstances in which a buyer may become the owner of the goods, notwithstanding that the seller is neither the owner of them, nor sold them with the owner’s consent. In the chapter, disputes concern not the seller but the owner of the goods and the buyer. The chapter presents a case that provides an example of the sort of problems which can arise in such disputes. A common theme in these types of cases is dishonesty, whereby the court will have to decide which of two innocent parties should suffer due to the dishonesty of another. This can arise in many different situations, such as where an innocent buyer buys goods from a seller who turns out to have stolen them or where a person obtains goods on hire purchase and dishonestly sells them before they have been paid for.
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Baskind, Eric, Greg Osborne, and Lee Roach. "12. The transfer of title by a non-owner." In Commercial Law, 283–317. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780192895653.003.0012.
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This chapter considers the various circumstances in which a buyer may become the owner of the goods, notwithstanding that the seller is neither the owner of them, nor sold them with the owner’s consent. In the chapter, disputes concern not the seller but the owner of the goods and the buyer. The chapter presents a case that provides an example of the sort of problems which can arise in such disputes. A common theme in these types of cases is dishonesty, whereby the court will have to decide which of two innocent parties should suffer due to the dishonesty of another. This can arise in many different situations, such as where an innocent buyer buys goods from a seller who turns out to have stolen them or where a person obtains goods on hire purchase and dishonestly sells them before they have been paid for.
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Smith, Alan D. "Consumers' Concerns for Reputation and Identity Theft Online Trading." In Advances in IT Standards and Standardization Research, 200–238. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7214-5.ch010.
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Although online trading with Amazon, eBay, and many others has its benefits, such as convenience and the ability to compare prices online, there are still many concerns about the integrity of the buyer, the seller, and/or the online action service provider (OASP). The empirical section investigated these relationships via multivariate statistical analysis of a stratified sample of working professionals resulting in 198 usable questionnaires from an initial sampling frame of over 550 professional personnel from five relatively large Pittsburgh, PA firms. It was found that buyers that felt feedback systems were viable were more willing to engage in online trading activities and more willing to pay a premium price for merchandise being sold by a seller with a better reputation, regardless of gender. Customers were especially concerned with the total price, including shipping cost, regardless of gender. In terms of the convenience of payment method, electronic forms were preferred in transacting online trading activities, regardless of age and gender.
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Taylor, Keeanga-Yamahtta. "Let the Buyer Beware." In Race for Profit, 133–66. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469653662.003.0005.
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One major problem with the HUD’s response to the urban housing crisis was the quality of the homes made available to working class and poor African Americans. While affordable housing was a government goal, it relied on private businesses that operated in the interest of profit. Additionally, the business of home appraisal was based on the assumption that property value decreased with proximity to African Americans. This racist ideology greatly limited the housing options of working class and poor African Americans. Homes with major issues were deemed inhabitable and sold. Unsuspecting buyers often did not have the disposable income to keep up with home repairs and mortgages. Mortgage lenders made a habit of profiting off houses that went into foreclosure quickly. The HUD was unable to effectively address the predatory practices of the private sector because of low staffing, over-extension, and anti-black racism within the organization.
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Lei, Pouwan, Chris Chatwin, and Rupert Young. "Security and Trust of Online Auction Systems." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, First Edition, 2450–54. IGI Global, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-553-5.ch433.
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An auction is a market with an explicit set of rules determining resource allocation and prices on the basis of bids from market participants (McAfee & McMillan, 1987). Generally speaking, an auction is the standard means for performing an aggregation of supply and demand in the marketplace to effectively establish a price for a product or service. It establishes prices according to participants’ bids for buying and selling commodities, and the commodities are sold to the highest bidder. Simply stated, an auction is a method for allocating scarce goods, a method that is based upon competition between the participants. It is the purest of markets: a seller wishes to obtain as much money as possible for the commodity offered, and a buyer wants to pay as little as necessary for the same commodity. Traditionally, there are three protagonists in the auction: sellers, buyers, and auctioneers. An auction offers the advantage of simplicity in determining market-based prices. It is efficient in the sense that an auction usually ensures that resources accrue to those who value them most highly and ensures also that sellers receive the collective assessment of the value. Indeed, auctions are conducted in accordance with formal rules for governing market access, trade interaction, price determination, and trade generation (Friedman, 1993). In the case of a traditional physical auction, a seller will choose an auction house based on the service: the form of licensing, the availability of suitable insurance, suitable descriptions and access to the commodities, payment terms, and security of goods before and during the auction process. The buyer or seller needs to come to the market or sends his/her representative.
Conference papers on the topic "Sod buyers"
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Balcan, Maria-Florina, Siddharth Prasad, and Tuomas Sandholm. "Efficient Algorithms for Learning Revenue-Maximizing Two-Part Tariffs." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/47.
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A two-part tariff is a pricing scheme that consists of an up-front lump sum fee and a per unit fee. Various products in the real world are sold via a menu, or list, of two-part tariffs---for example gym memberships, cell phone data plans, etc. We study learning high-revenue menus of two-part tariffs from buyer valuation data, in the setting where the mechanism designer has access to samples from the distribution over buyers' values rather than an explicit description thereof. Our algorithms have clear direct uses, and provide the missing piece for the recent generalization theory of two-part tariffs. We present a polynomial time algorithm for optimizing one two-part tariff. We also present an algorithm for optimizing a length-L menu of two-part tariffs with run time exponential in L but polynomial in all other problem parameters. We then generalize the problem to multiple markets. We prove how many samples suffice to guarantee that a two-part tariff scheme that is feasible on the samples is also feasible on a new problem instance with high probability. We then show that computing revenue-maximizing feasible prices is hard even for buyers with additive valuations. Then, for buyers with identical valuation distributions, we present a condition that is sufficient for the two-part tariff scheme from the unsegmented setting to be optimal for the market-segmented setting. Finally, we prove a generalization result that states how many samples suffice so that we can compute the unsegmented solution on the samples and still be guaranteed that we get a near-optimal solution for the market-segmented setting with high probability.
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Ni, Peifang. "Augmented Efficient Zero-Knowledge Contingent Payments in Cryptocurrencies without Scripts." In 8th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Fuzzy Logic System (AIFZ 2022). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2022.121605.
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Zero-Knowledge Contingent Payment presents how Bitcoin contracts can provide a solution for the so-called fair exchange problem.Banasik, W. et al. first presented an efficient ZeroKnowledge Contingent Payment protocol for a large class of NP-relations, which is a protocol for selling witness. It obtains fairness in the following sense: if the seller aborts the protocol without broadcasting the final message then the buyer finally gets his payment back. However, we find that the seller in the protocol could refuse to broadcast the final signature of the transaction without any compensation for the buyer. As a result, the buyer cannot get the witness from the final signature of the transaction and has the payment for the witness locked until finishing the large computation for a secret signing key. In this paper, we fix this problem by augmenting the efficient Zero-Knowledge Contingent Payment protocol. We present a new protocol where the seller needs to provide the deposit before the zero-knowledge proof of knowledge of the witness being sold. And then the buyer could obtain the seller's witness if the seller broadcasts the final signature of the transaction and gets the payment and his deposit. Otherwise, the buyer could get back the payment and obtain the seller's deposit. This new augmented protocol is constructed without any new assumptions.
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Nurmet, Maire, Katrin Lemsalu, and Juri Lehtsaar. "Working capital in Estonian agricultural companies: analysis by size." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.050.
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The paper examines the working capital indicators to find out the differences between larger and smaller Estonian agricultural companies. In the task of working capital management, a balance between profitability and liquidity is under investigation. A higher level of current assets ensures higher liquidity, but reduces the profitability. The share of inventories in current assets is relatively high in agricultural companies, and can lead to liquidity problems in adverse circumstances. Low levels of current assets can lead to business interruptions, as insufficient stocks lead to delays in the production process, which in turn is amplified in yields or other outputs. The number of employees is used to distinguish the size of the company. The results show that the smallest agricultural companies have higher liquidity and relatively larger share of highly liquid current assets. Larger agricultural companies maintain a higher level of inventory and have a longer inventory turnover period. Smaller companies have a slightly higher share of loans in current liabilities, so they have to maintain a larger financial buffer. The cash conversion cycle is longer for the smallest and the largest agricultural companies while medium-sized companies have a shorter cash conversion cycle. Smaller companies have the longest receivables turnover, showing that they enable longer payment periods for buyers or may have difficulties collecting receivables from the production sold. Having low market power and long receivables turnover, they have relatively higher need for working capital.
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Welker, Thomas F. "Gas Quality Can Only Be Determined by a Representative Sample." In 1996 1st International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1996-1918.
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The Natural Gas Industry is changing rapidly. Yesterday, the producer sold to the gathering company, the gathering company sold to the pipeline company, the pipeline company sold, processed, stored, and moved the gas to the end user. Today, the end user buys from the producer, the gatherer, pipeliner, processor, storer. All handle someone else’s gas. There is only one way to know the quality of your product. Take a representative sample. Since everything that is done to gas changes it, you must know its’ quality as it is produced, compressed, processed, stripped, stored, and sold. This takes an analysis of that collected representative sample. Your company’s sampling techniques determine that gas quality. The people involved and the equipment used to collect the sample, store, transport, condition, and analyze that sample all make a profound difference. This paper will cover all of the aspects of gas quality determination and the business impacts of sampling accuracy. The issues discussed include: where on the line should the sample be taken, how should it be taken to protect its’ quality, what about transportation, D.O.T., cylinders, what happens to the gas in that cylinder, conditioning in the lab, heating, cooling, manifolds, and analyzers. Each step in the sampling operation will be discussed, as well as the ramifications of errors involved. This paper will also cover recent tests involving spot sampling test to maintain phase control and data from continuing test of composite samplers.
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Quintana, Jesús, Josep Roca Cladera, and Arturo Ojeda. "Rentabilidad inmobiliaria & calidad de zona." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Roma: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7988.
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El presente trabajo tiene el propósito de estimar la influencia de los elementos de calidad de
zona, en la rentabilidad inmobiliaria; entendiendo por zona, al espacio urbano diferenciado
dentro de la ciudad denominado barrio; y por calidad de zona, aquellos elementos por los
cuales los compradores de vivienda están dispuestos a incrementar su disposición a pagar. La
tasa de rentabilidad inmobiliaria, como la capacidad del bien inmueble para generar renta; la
medida de esta capacidad se estima a partir del Método de Capitalización Directa, el cual se
fundamenta en el conocimiento del valor del inmueble y los ingresos periódicos que genera. La
calidad de zona, se estimada con base en indicadores relativos a: la accesibilidad, el entorno
urbano, la edificación y la jerarquía social. Esta calidad se integra con la maximización de la
presencia de las características de calidad en la zona, bajo el supuesto de igualdad de
importancia, para lo cual se utiliza un indicador sintético que contempla las variaciones de los
elementos observados. El indicador sintético de calidad de zona, parte de la recolección de
información asociada a la calidad de barrio, donde la recogida de estas medidas producen una
gran cantidad de variables, mismas que son tratadas con técnicas de reducción de la
información, como son los Componentes Principales y la Distancia Ponderada 2. La relación
entre indicador de rentabilidad inmobiliaria y el indicador de calidad de zona, se establece a
partir de modelos de precios hedónicos, resueltos con técnicas de regresión lineal múltiple. The present study aims to estimate the influence of the elements of quality of zone in the real
estate profitability rate; understanding by zone, to the differentiated urban space within the city,
called neighborhood, and quality of zone, those elements by which buyers are willing to
increase their willingness to pay. The real estate profitability rate, as the ability of the property to
generate income, the measure of this capacity is estimated from the Direct Capitalization
Method, which is based on knowledge of the property value and the income generating periodic.
The quality of zone, is estimated based on indicators related of: quality of the urban
environment, the building, the accessibility and the social hierarchy. This quality is integrated
with maximizing the presence of quality features in the area, under the assumption of equal
importance, for which it uses a synthetic indicator, that provides the changes of the elements
observed. The synthetic indicator of quality of zone, part of the collection of information associated with the quality of neighborhood, where the collection of these measures produce a
large number of variables that are treated with reduction techniques of information, such as
Components Principal and Distance Weighting 2. The relationship between real estate
profitability rate and indicators of quality of zone, is set from hedonic pricing models, solved by
multiple linear regression techniques.
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Khalil, Essam E. "Energy Efficiency in Buildings: Think Pyramids." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-85201.
Full textAbstract:
The developing communities in their path for rapid development is endeavoring to make all necessary and appropriate measures to enhance the efficiency of energy utilization and increase the beneficiation of the energy resources. The energy production, transmission, distribution and utilization efficiency becomes a vital factor and measure of national development. Governmental organizations were established earlier to be responsible for energy planning and efficient utilization, information dissemination and capacity building as well as devising the necessary codes and standards. Throughout the Nation, energy resources are widely used and consumption rates are in general exceeding the International accepted values. Energy rationalization and audit exercises were developed and monitored by Governmental Authorities, Universities and Research centers through the past two decades with a definitive positive energy reduction and beneficiation. The development of the relevant codes for Residential and Commercial Energy Efficiency in buildings is underway through the governmental bodies responsible for the research and development in the building Technology sector and is the umbrella under which the National and Unified Arab Codes are developed and issued. A proposed new Energy Performance in Buildings Directive (EPBD) would fulfill the following main targets of energy performance directive: 1. “Legestilative authorities shall ensure that, when buildings are constructed, sold or rented out, an energy performance certificate is made available to the owner or by the owner to the prospective buyer or tenant, as the case might be. … 2. The energy performance certificate for buildings shall include reference values such as currant legal standards and benchmarks in order to make it possible for consumers to compare and assess the energy performance of the building. The certificate shall be accompanied by recommendations for cost-effective improvement of the energy performance…” The following steps shall be required for the energy certification: 1. Develop methodologies for energy declaration of the buildings. 2. Develop reference values (key numbers) and /or systems for benchmarking. 3. Provide a labeling system for selected buildings. 4. Describe an energy signature for the building.
Reports on the topic "Sod buyers"
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Ashley, Caitlyn, Elizabeth Spencer Berthiaume, Philip Berzin, Rikki Blassingame, Stephanie Bradley Fryer, John Cox, E. Samuel Crecelius, et al. Law and Policy Resource Guide: A Survey of Eminent Domain Law in Texas and the Nation. Edited by Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.eminentdomainguide.
Full textAbstract:
Eminent Domain is the power of the government or quasi-government entities to take private or public property interests through condemnation. Eminent Domain has been a significant issue since 1879 when, in the case of Boom Company v. Patterson, the Supreme Court first acknowledged that the power of eminent domain may be delegated by state legislatures to agencies and non-governmental entities. Thus, the era of legal takings began. Though an important legal dispute then, more recently eminent domain has blossomed into an enduring contentious social and political problem throughout the United States. The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution states, “nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.” Thus, in the wake of the now infamous decision in Kelo v. City of New London, where the Court upheld the taking of private property for purely economic benefit as a “public use,” the requirement of “just compensation” stands as the primary defender of constitutionally protected liberty under the federal constitution. In response to Kelo, many state legislatures passed a variety of eminent domain reforms specifically tailoring what qualifies as a public use and how just compensation should be calculated. Texas landowners recognize that the state’s population is growing at a rapid pace. There is an increasing need for more land and resources such as energy and transportation. But, private property rights are equally important, especially in Texas, and must be protected as well. Eminent domain and the condemnation process is not a willing buyer and willing seller transition; it is a legally forced sale. Therefore, it is necessary to consider further improvements to the laws that govern the use of eminent domain so Texas landowners can have more assurance that this process is fair and respectful of their private property rights when they are forced to relinquish their land. This report compiles statutes and information from the other forty-nine states to illustrate how they address key eminent domain issues. Further, this report endeavors to provide a neutral third voice in Texas to strike a more appropriate balance between individual’s property rights and the need for increased economic development. This report breaks down eminent domain into seven major topics that, in addition to Texas, seemed to be similar in many of the other states. These categories are: (1) Awarding of Attorneys’ Fee; (2) Compensation and Valuation; (3) Procedure Prior to Suit; (4) Condemnation Procedure; (5) What Cannot be Condemned; (6) Public Use & Authority to Condemn; and (7) Abandonment. In analyzing these seven categories, this report does not seek to advance a particular interest but only to provide information on how Texas law differs from other states. This report lays out trends seen across other states that are either similar or dissimilar to Texas, and additionally, discusses interesting and unique laws employed by other states that may be of interest to Texas policy makers. Our research found three dominant categories which tend to be major issues across the country: (1) the awarding of attorneys’ fees; (2) the valuation and measurement of just compensation; and (3) procedure prior to suit.