Journal articles on the topic 'Sociology of Scientific Professions'
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1
Gauchat, Gordon, and Kenneth T. Andrews. "The Cultural-Cognitive Mapping of Scientific Professions." American Sociological Review 83, no. 3 (May 21, 2018): 567–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122418773353.
Abstract:
Even with widespread interest, public perceptions of science remain understudied and poorly theorized by social scientists. A central issue has been the persistent assumption that publics require a base of scientific knowledge for science to have broad cultural meaning. Yet, recent advances in cultural and cognitive sociology point to alternative research programs seeking to identify how publics come to understand complex and uncertain issues, when information is incomplete and asymmetric. We use this approach to analyze data on public perceptions of how scientific different fields are from the 2006 and 2012 National Science Foundation’s Science and Technology Survey. Our multivariate analyses allow us to approximate how mass publics map the social space of scientific professions, while accounting for individuals’ social location and cultural identity (e.g., race, class, gender, age, scientific sophistication, and political ideology). We then focus our attention on public perceptions of sociology and economics. Overall, we find that public perceptions, rather than being disorganized, map onto recognizable dimensions indicating how publics distinguish between scientific professions.
2
Brante, Thomas. "Professional Fields and Truth Regimes: In Search of Alternative Approaches." Comparative Sociology 9, no. 6 (2010): 843–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156913310x522615.
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AbstractSociology of the professions has faced difficulties in delineating and defining the core of its object of study, the concept and phenomenon of profession. Setting out from the so-called French epistemological tradition, this article tries out a new possibility. It is argued that if there are trans-historical elements in professions, they are found at the cognitive side, as a certain reasonably invariant cognitive structure. The structure implies that a specific type of (scientific) knowledge can be coupled with professional practice, that is, know-why is linked to know-how. This is what the notion of profession primarily should be based on. Science, profession, and “object” together constitute a “truth-regime” in Foucault’s sense. On the other hand, the social side of professions is historically variable. Indeed, the social attributes of a profession changes with social transformations and external interests, with its position in Bourdeauian professional fields, and with its relations in “the professional complex.” The article concludes with a suggestion for a new definition of professions.
3
Fava, Sylvia F., Violet B. Haas, and Carolyn C. Perrucci. "Women in Scientific and Engineering Professions." Contemporary Sociology 14, no. 4 (July 1985): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2069192.
4
Balakireva, E. V., and A. S. Robotova. "Why Pedagogy Needs Clarity in Definition of the Concept of Profession." Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia 28, no. 5 (June 15, 2019): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2019-28-5-73-83.
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The article discusses the pedagogical understanding of the concept of profession as extremely important for the pedagogical community in the conditions of the modern state of education. The authors believe that the current situation in pedagogy is characterized by the confusion of the concepts profession, specialty, qualification, position, imprecise identification of subjects of education (teacher, educator, tutor, pedagogical worker, etc.), which makes it difficult to develop professional and educational standards, ensure their continuity, define labor actions and competencies clearly. For this reason, it would seem, a private matter acquires social, theoretical and practical significance. The logic and content of the article determine the authors’ position in the consideration of the stated topic – they believe that analyzing the specifics of the teaching profession and related concepts requires taking into account the achievements and recommendations of sociology and psychology of professions, studying the possibilities of the pedagogical professiology. Consideration of the problem only from within the pedagogy itself limits the possibilities of disciplinary analysis, the activity of scientific reflection, the creation of holistic ideas on the teaching profession as a significant humanitarian activity in society, which initially carries humanitarianism as a leading quality. The authors critically consider the Professional standard of a teacher, in which they find contradictory positions, and come to a conclusion about the need for the clear scientific and pedagogical understanding of the concepts of profession, professionalism, professional, specialty, qualification, activity, labor functions, competencies.
5
Halliday, Terence C. "Knowledge Mandates: Collective Influence by Scientific, Normative and Syncretic Professions." British Journal of Sociology 36, no. 3 (September 1985): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/590459.
6
Pushkareva, N. L. "Study of scientific community by methods of ethnology: gender approach relevance." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Historical sciences. Philosophy. Religion Series 133, no. 4 (2020): 100–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2020-133-4-100-116.
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The article describes the methodology and methods of ethnographic knowledge in the focus of their application in sociology and sociopsychology. The author turns to classical studies of M. Weber, G. Zimmel, P. Sorokin and others, who laid the foundation for the study of professional (including scientific) communities. Interdisciplinary interaction of scientific directions focused on the daily routine world, on identification of methods used by a person in society to perform routine actions, which eventually determined the research vector of ethnomethodology. The author describes the undertaken studies of the daily life of the scientific community in the conditions of the laboratory, the fixation of many actions taken by scientists that require additional microanalysis and explanations, anthropologization of the study of the scientific community, gender approach in ethnography of professions. The author considers the main task of the ethnographer of science in the study of daily practical routine activities of the scientist, in the design of «laboratory world» - social institutionalization of the scientific community. The gender aspect is important in the ethnography of science, focusing on the scientist as an active social subject, on gender inequality in scientific (academic, university) communities.
7
Balon, Jan. "O samotné myšlence jednotné sociologie: Harvard a Columbia." Teorie vědy / Theory of Science 33, no. 3 (November 21, 2011): 358–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.46938/tv.2011.123.
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On the Very Idea of Unified Sociology: Harvard and ColumbiaAbstract: The article concentrates on the historical context of American sociology's development in the period between 1930 and 1965, which is here associated with a specific project of the field's unification elaborated at Harvard University and Columbia University. It is argued that the idea of unified sociology is worked in the very project of American sociology as a science and found its genuine expression in the efforts to reach "objectivity and coherence" of sociological thought/knowledge. It also distinctly formed the professional identity of the discipline. It was expected that the scientific integrity would be achieved by means of securing the continuity of theory and practice, which was to provide a general methodological pillar for cumulative research. The historical contextualization of this formative period studies how the very idea of unified sociology affected both theoretical and methodological perspectives within the discipline and also the possibility of its integrated research agenda.O samotné myšlence jednotné sociologie: Harvard a ColumbiaAbstrakt: Článek se zaměřuje na historický kontext vývoje americké sociologie v období mezi lety 1930-1965, jež je spojeno se specifickým projektem sjednocení oboru rozpracovaným na Harvardské a Kolumbijské univerzitě. Samotná myšlenka jednotné sociologie je neoddělitelně vpletena do celého projektu americké sociologie jako vědy a své „čisté" vyjádření nalezla v úsilí prokázat „objektivitu a koherenci" sociologického myšlení/vědění. Zcela zřetelně také formovala profesní identitu oboru. Prostředkem zajištění vědecké integrity bylo především zajištění kontinuity teorie a praxe, ježby založilo a o něž by se mohlo opírat pevné metodologické „sebevědomí". Historická kontextualizace tohoto formativního období si klade za cíl sledovat, nakolik myšlenka sjednocené sociologie ovlivnila teoretické a metodologické perspektivy v rámci oboru i vlastní představy o možnosti jeho integrované výzkumné agendy.
8
Sándor, Alexandra Valéria. "Motivations and Self-Perceived Career Prospects of Undergraduate Sociology Students." European Journal of Social Science Education and Research 7, no. 3 (October 12, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/332irk90k.
Abstract:
Sociology undoubtedly plays an important role in the world of sciences, as it provides an opportunity to examine the society in which we live and our social relationships using widely accepted means with real scientific value. As Giddings has noted, 'sociology tells us how to become what we want to be' (Giddings, 2011). However, discussions of the social sciences can be controversial, as they are sometimes perceived as ‘inferior’ to natural sciences. To alleviate this discrepancy, it is essential to supply professionals with useful knowledge in the field of sociology, understand their motivations and ensure the best career prospects for them. In this pilot study, 18 sociology B.A. students answered seven open-ended questions in the form of a short essay regarding their motivations in terms of faculty choices, initial expectations and the fulfilment thereof, their aims in the study of sociology, preferred areas of employment, willingness to undergo further training, five-year plans and their opinions about the prospects of newly graduated sociologists in Hungary compared to graduates from other areas in terms of the usefulness of knowledge gained, perceptions of their professions and earning opportunities. According to the results of this study, the future plans of the participants were very different, but all of them believe that an undergraduate sociology degree provides extensive knowledge about the functioning of society and has helped them to form attitudes that they consider to be extremely valuable on the labour market.
9
Sándor, Alexandra Valéria. "Motivations and Self-Perceived Career Prospects of Undergraduate Sociology Students." European Journal of Education 6, no. 2 (August 10, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ejed-2023-0011.
Abstract:
Abstract Sociology undoubtedly plays an important role in the world of sciences, as it provides an opportunity to examine the society in which we live and our social relationships using widely accepted means with real scientific value. As Giddings has noted, ‘sociology tells us how to become what we want to be’ (Giddings, 2011). However, discussions of the social sciences can be controversial, as they are sometimes perceived as ‘inferior’ to natural sciences. To alleviate this discrepancy, it is essential to supply professionals with useful knowledge in the field of sociology, understand their motivations and ensure the best career prospects for them. In this pilot study, 18 sociology B.A. students answered seven open-ended questions in the form of a short essay regarding their motivations in terms of faculty choices, initial expectations and the fulfilment thereof, their aims in the study of sociology, preferred areas of employment, willingness to undergo further training, five-year plans and their opinions about the prospects of newly graduated sociologists in Hungary compared to graduates from other areas in terms of the usefulness of knowledge gained, perceptions of their professions and earning opportunities. According to the results of this study, the future plans of the participants were very different, but all of them believe that an undergraduate sociology degree provides extensive knowledge about the functioning of society and has helped them to form attitudes that they consider to be extremely valuable on the labour market.
10
Serpa, Sandro, Carlos Miguel Ferreira, and Fernando Diogo. "Specialization or Fragmentation of Sociology: Scientific, Academic, and Professional Challenges." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social and Community Studies 15, no. 2 (2020): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2324-7576/cgp/v15i02/15-32.
11
Popov, Evgenii Aleksandrovich. "Future profession of sociologist: expectations of the university applicants." Социодинамика, no. 10 (October 2020): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7144.2020.10.34262.
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This article considers various aspects of selecting sociological discipline by the university applicants. Based on the conducted in 2019 empirical research, the author summarizes the representations of high graduates on sociology as a scientific discipline, as well as on sociological profession. Overall, applicants became more careful in selecting sociology for their future, have an idea what is modern sociology and its development trends. This is also reflected in the official statistics, which claims that the number of applications submitted for “Sociology” has increased over the recent years. However, difficulties of such choice are revealed as well. University applicants are rather focused on acquisition of specific competences in the field of sociology, but perceive sociology as a cross-disciplinary area of knowledge. The article determines the representations of university applicants on similarities between the school course of social studies and sociology, as well as on the role of social studies in selecting sociology in the university. Assessment is given to the opinions of university applicants on the advantages of sociology in relation to other scientific disciplines; opportunities for personal and career growth in the future profession of sociologist. The author touches upon the question of formatting the image of sociologist from the perspective of university applicants. Thus, the article resolves the problem of formation of the image of future profession among university applicants that chose the academic discipline “Sociology”. In structuring educational strategies, the universities should take into account such representations of their applicants for improving learning efficiency.
12
Parsons, Talcott. "Několik problémů, jimž čelí sociologie jako profese." Teorie vědy / Theory of Science 30, no. 3–4 (May 23, 2009): 201–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46938/tv.2008.5.
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Talcott Parsons wrote this paper as a basis for discussion at the General Session: Analysis of the Sociological Profession organized within the frame of annual meeting of the American Sociological Society in Chicago. He sketched here some of the most urgent problems facing sociological profession. These problems can be broken down into four basic questions. The most central of these concerns the extent to which the canons of scientific objectivity have come to be established as the working code of the profession in dealing with defined intellectual subject matters. The second concerns the present clarity of the differentiation from and relation to neighboring scientific disciplines, so that we can speak with certain definiteness about what, as distinct from other scientists, a sociologist does. The third question concerns the differentiation of sociology as a science from sociological “practice” and its proper relation to applied field. Finally, there is a problem of sociology’s differentiation as a scientific discipline and a relation to the non-scientific aspects of the general culture.
13
Stichweh, Rudolf. "The Sociology of Scientific Disciplines: On the Genesis and Stability of the Disciplinary Structure of Modern Science." Science in Context 5, no. 1 (1992): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889700001071.
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The ArgumentThis essay attempts to show the decisive importance of the “scientific discipline” for any historical or sociological analysis of modern science. There are two reasons for this:1. A discontinuity can be observed at the beginning of modern science: the “discipline,” which up until that time had been a classificatorily generated unit of the ordering of knowledge for purposes of instruction in schools and universities, develops into a genuine and concrete social system of scientific communication. Scientific disciplines as concrete systems (Realsysteme) arise as a result of (a) the communicative stabilization of “scientific communities” at the end of the eighteenth century and the formation of “appropriate” roles and organizational structures (in universities); (b) the structural differentiation of the new scientific disciplines from the established professions (law, theology, medicine) in Europe; (c) the formation of scientific communication in the standardized form of scientific publication; the distinction of the separate action-type “scientific research” and the differentiation of these two elementary acts of all future scientific endeavor in relation to each other.2. The scientific discipline as primary unit of the internal differentiation of science has, since its genesis, been stabilized by two conditions: (a) The fact of a science differentiated into a plurality of (competing, mutually stimulating) disciplinary perspectives becomes the chief causal factor underlying the developmental dynamism of modern science; (b) Similar to the way in which the discipline functions as a cognitive address within the system of science, science also links the discipline up as a structural unit (utilized in both systems) with curricular structures in the system of education — i.e., it is stabilized by the central system/environment relation of science.
14
Ferreira, Carlos Miguel, and Sandro Serpa. "Dialogues between Sociology and History." International Journal of Higher Education 8, no. 6 (October 14, 2019): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v8n6p112.
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Sociology and History, as consolidated scientific and academic projects, have maintained an unusual and paradoxical relationship. The growing disciplinary and sub-disciplinary specialisation of these two sciences poses relevant epistemological and methodological challenges in addressing potential situations of isolation, fragmentation, and in enabling the defence of an interdisciplinary perspective characterised by the historicity of social structures, actions and meanings.Several kinds of reasons shape this diffuse process of approximation/detachment between Sociology and History, namely epistemological and methodological, disciplinary closure, academic and professional reasons, forming what may be called contained dialogues. This paper, starting from the sociological stance of the authors, seeks to add to the reflection on the relevance of a scientific project that aims to affirm an interdisciplinary perspective that may foster the heuristic potentialities of both Sociology and History in the analysis of the complexity of social reality and human action.
15
Lebed, Olga L., and Nadezhda V. Prisyazhnaya. "Poetry of sociology: 85 ears are executed to honored professor of Moscow state University, doctor of philosophical sciences, professor Antonov Anatoly Ivanovich." Sociology of Medicine 20, no. 2 (July 4, 2022): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/socm100980.
Abstract:
The article is dedicated to the anniversary of the leading specialist in the field of family sociology and demography, Doctor of Philosophy, Honored Professor, Head of the Department of Family Sociology and Demography of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov Anatoly Ivanovich Antonov. The long-term, active scientific and educational work of A.I. Antonov led to the emergence of a whole scientific direction in the field of family sociology familism (pro-family sociology). The authors note that the teaching, organizing and research work of Anatoly Ivanovich served to strengthen the position of the sociology of the family in science and the socio-demographic policy of the country, and is also an inspiring example for the professional formation of domestic and foreign sociologists.
16
Kildeev, M. V. "Regional “sociology without sociologists” in the Middle Volga Region in the Soviet Period." Discourse 8, no. 6 (December 19, 2022): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-6-57-71.
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Introduction. The article analyzes circumstances of the emergence of regional sociology in the Soviet era. To describe this phenomenon, the author applies the concept of “sociology without sociology”. This idiom means scientific and sociological activity without the participation of the professional sociological community and describes this multivariate and non-linear process. The author also describes the reasons of existence of “sociology without sociologists” in Soviet and then in Russian social sciences. Methodology and sources. The category “sociology without sociologists”, used by R. Ahlberg, N. Werth, and J. Matthes describes the abnormal state of science. In addition, the author uses the concept of “public sociology” by M. Burawoy to determine the vectors of evolution of Soviet and Russian regional sociology. The main research method is the analysis of documentary sources of the Soviet era. Also new, previously unexplored archival documents have been introduced into scientific circulation. Results and discussion. The studied issue is examined on the ground of mass surveys of the state of religiosity of the population, which were initiated and carried out by the party bodies of the Tatarstan ASSR and Kuybishev area in 1964–1966. The results of those amateurish surveys served as a foundation for the development of sociology in the region. The article shows that throughout the existence of the “legal” regional sociology, in parallel with it, there were various forms of “sociology without sociologists”. The specificity of the Soviet period was that the existence of “sociology without sociologists” met the expectations of some CSPU circles, responsible for ideology tasks.Conclusion. The application of the category "sociology without sociologists" is of great importance for the implementation of the demarcation of scientific and non-scientific forms of social knowledge.
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Dobrinskaya, Daria E. "Digital sociology for exploring digital society." Вестник Пермского университета. Философия. Психология. Социология, no. 2 (2021): 250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2021-2-250-259.
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The advent of the digital age has become a serious challenge for researchers in various fields of scientific knowledge. Among others, this refers to sociology, which tried to give an adequate answer to the question of how the world is changing. The purpose of this article is to outline the contours of a new sociological field — digital sociology, which has been actively developing in recent years. The article provides an overview of Russian and international studies that have contributed to the formation of the scope of research and research objectives of digital sociology. It focuses on digital society, which appears due to the development and implementation of modern technological infrastructure represented by key digital technologies (communication networks, big data technologies, algorithms and complex algorithmic systems, platforms, artificial intelligence technologies, cloud computing, augmented and virtual reality technologies, etc.). This extremely complex infrastructure has a decisive influence on the emergence of new social practices, on identity, on the everyday life of both the individual and society as a whole. Digital sociology aims to theorize critically about digitalization, datafication, algorithmization, and platformization, and to determine the social implications of these processes. Moreover, digital sociology offers a range of methodological techniques and tools based on digital technologies that provide new possibilities for quantitative and qualitative sociological research. Digital sociology is also seen as a professional sociological practice which includes teaching the discipline, carrying out scientific communications, and sharing the results of sociologists’ scientific work.
18
Pallone, Nathaniel J. "Scientific and professional psychology." Society 30, no. 1 (November 1992): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02719107.
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Krushelnitskaya, Olga I., Antonina N. Tretyakova, and Marina V. Polevaya. "Evolvement of new professions in the sphere of career guidance as an imperative of our time." Perspectives of Science and Education 69, no. 3 (July 1, 2024): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32744/pse.2024.3.3.
Abstract:
Introduction. The current situation with the employment of graduates, when almost half of them do not work in their speciality, is a negative phenomenon for both the state and the citizens. One of the reasons for this situation is a gap between the graduates’ expectations and the real content of labour activity. The core of the problem is inefficient career guidance. The need to modernise the career guidance system is recognised worldwide. Forecasting of new professions for career guidance should be one of the directions of this modernisation. Specialists having new competencies will be able to ensure the systemic and planned nature of transformations in the sphere of career guidance in order to optimise it. The aim of the study is to justify the need for and predict the emergence of new professions to improve the efficiency of career guidance. Materials and methods. The study involved the materials of the European Training Foundation, the World Economic Forum; the documents of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation: letters, orders, methodological recommendations; the data of the Russian Federal State Statistics Service; scientific articles by Russian and foreign authors. The following methods were used: theoretical analysis of the career guidance development sphere; inductive inferencing; forecasting based on the study of documents and scientific literature on the problem. Results. At present, there is a problem connected with the professional training of specialists engaged in career guidance. People with education in the fields of pedagogy, psychology, sociology and social work are not able to efficiently solve the numerous tasks of modern career counselling. The solution can be achieved by the introduction of new specialisations of employees in this sphere matching the needs of modernity and development trends. It is predicted that these specialisations will be transformed into new professions in the future. For instance, such new professions for career counselling as career research foresighter (prognosticator), career guidance playwork specialist, career guidance testing specialist and developer, career guidance imagemaker, etc. will presumably appear. Conclusion. The modernisation of the career guidance system requires innovations not only in its content and technical fit-out but also in its staffing. The research results can be further used in the process of development of new qualification requirements; for substantiation of proposals on training specialists in upand-coming professions in the sphere of career guidance. They can also serve as a basis for the development of training programmes in new specialities.
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Schraiber, Lilia Blima, and André Mota. "The social in health: trajectory and contributions of Maria Cecilia Ferro Donnangelo." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 20, no. 5 (May 2015): 1467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232015205.00482015.
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This text covers the professional and scientific career of Maria Cecilia Ferro Donnangelo, professor, researcher and influential intellectual in the area of Collective Health. Born in 1940, and killed in a car accident in 1983, she actively participated in the emergence of Collective Health in Brazil and greatly influenced the creation of the sub-areas of Social Science and the Humanities in the health field. Her brief biography, contextualized professional choices and scientific production is hereby presented. Graduated in pedagogy at the time of national developmentalism with a post graduation in Sociology, Donnangelo fell into the triangulated area of Education, Sociology and Health, focusing medicine as a social practice and as a profession in society. Always with an eye to human rights and an ongoing dialogue with the modern Brazilian state and public policy, she examined questions of the social aspects in health and education, as well as questions of health education as a social tool. An educator of great prestige, her published work was limited. However, due to her foundational presence, her writings are classic references with assured presence and contributions for today and also vital to the future development of the Brazilian Collective Health.
21
Danilov, Alexander. "Applied Sociology of Professor G.P. Davidyuk and Revival of Sociological Science in the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic." Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya, no. 6 (2023): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013216250026397-9.
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The article examines the history of academic school of applied sociology of Professor G.P. Davidyuk (1923-2020), assesses his contribution to the revival of sociological science and the institutionalization of sociological education in Belarus. G.P. Davidyuk formed the first scientific structures of a sociological profile in Belarus (sector of social research, Department of sociological research of the Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR; sector of applied sociology at the Department of Philosophy of Belarusian State University in Minsk, etc.), he wrote the first textbooks "Fundamentals of Applied Sociology" (1975) and "Applied Sociology" (1979). Under his editorship, the country's first "Dictionary of Applied Sociology" (1984) was prepared, the foundations were laid for professional sociologists training at the Belarusian State University (BSU), personnel of the highest scholarly qualification. In the 1970s and 1980s, the Problematic Research Laboratory of Sociological Research of BSU, headed by G.P. Davidyuk, turned into the country's leading scientific center. The work of the Applied sociology sector at the BSU gave an impetus to the development of industrial sociology.
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Shavardova, Elena Yu, and Olga V. Yarmak. "Social Specific Image: Format of Methodology and Auditing." IZVESTIYA VUZOV SEVERO-KAVKAZSKII REGION SOCIAL SCIENCE, no. 1 (209) (March 30, 2021): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2687-0770-2021-1-26-34.
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The modern period of demand for image-logical knowledge allows raising questions not only about image-enlightenment and image-education, when information and telecommunication technologies become the determining factors in the development of society, but also about the peculiarities of teaching image-logical knowledge in higher educational institutions. At this stage, there is also the need to introduce the scientific and applied direction of the discipline “Imageologyˮ, as a component of social education, into the system of training specialists for a wide range of professions in the “person-to-personˮ sphere. The article explores a number of innovative approaches to teaching a special educational course “Imageologyˮ for students of humanitarian and social profiles. The article contains an analysis of scientific studies of the main methodological principles, tasks and parameters of the development of imageology as a practice-oriented sociological direction in the context of the training of Masters and specialists, sociologists, psychologists, journalists, advertising and public relations specialists. The authors identified the most important ways and directions for the formation of the sociology of the image, determined the subject and purpose of the discipline. For seminars and practical classes, as well as for students 'independent work, specialized scientific topics, an original image analysis questionnaire scheme are offered, and scenarios of specific events and actions in image creation are modeled for the development of students' professional and creative abilities.
23
Malcolm, Dominic. "Concussion in Sport: Public, Professional and Critical Sociologies." Sociology of Sport Journal 35, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2017-0113.
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This article explores the emerging agenda in relation to concussion in sport to illustrate the threats and opportunities currently faced by the sociology of sport as an academic sub-discipline. The article begins by delineating aspects of the “crisis” in sociology, Burawoy’s call for an enhanced public sociology as a (part) solution, and responses to these ideas within the sociology of sport. It then identifies how the engagement of sociologists in this terrain must be understood in relation to the recent medicalization of sports-related concussion, and illustrates the impact of this on sociologists of sport through an examination of recent social scientific scholarship in relation to concussion. It argues that a successful public sociology of sport should be predicated on the subdiscipline’s distinctive contribution to the production of knowledge. To this end, the article concludes by reporting the findings of an empirical study of concussion in English professional soccer, to outline a framework for sportrelated health research, and thus the basis on which a socially influential sociology of concussion in sport could develop.
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Lipich, L., and O. Balagura. "Formation of sociological imagination in students of technical institutions in education in the process of teaching sociology." National Technical University of Ukraine Journal. Political science. Sociology. Law, no. 4(52) (December 21, 2021): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2308-5053.2021.4(52).248128.
Abstract:
The article is devoted to the problem of formation of sociological imagination in the process of teaching sociology to students studying in technical educational institutions. The concept of “sociological imagination”, introduced into scientific circulation by the American sociologist Wright Mills, is being clarified. It turns out that the concept of sociological imagination has acquired the status of one of the main in modern sociology and began to play an important educational role, and in sociological science, respectively, methodological and methodological. Attention is paid to the peculiarities of teaching sociology in technical educational institutions, and in view of this, the problem of forming the sociological imagination of students. The fact is that sociology in technical educational institutions is not professional, so it is taught exclusively as a general discipline of worldview. The purpose of teaching sociology in such higher education institutions is to promote the formation of students’ sociological imagination, ie to help future specialists in engineering to develop the ability to think socially, ie to adequately perceive, comprehend and interpret social processes and phenomena, analyze and be ready to solve complex social problems. The solution of this problem involves the use of such methods of teaching sociology, which would be related to the specific practices of modern society, taking into account the universal and professional interests of future professionals. The own experience of teaching sociology at the National Transport University is analyzed. There are examples of using different methods of teaching sociology, aimed at forming a sociological imagination that allow students to perceive the social world around them and relate their professional problems with general social problems, educate and shape their civic position and increase their general cultural level.
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Bakirov, Vil. "Transformation of Sociology: Necessity and Perspectives." 26, no. 26 (December 29, 2021): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2077-5105-2021-26-01.
Abstract:
The article analyzes the relevance, factors and prospects of the transformation of modern sociological science. It is noted that digital technologies significantly change the fundamental foundations of social interaction, most everyday social practices, structures and conflicts. This poses a number of serious challenges to sociology as a science. It is emphasized that it is time to think deeply not only about the problem of transformation of what sociology studies, but also about the transformation of sociology itself as a specific intellectual practice. Attention is focused on the need for sociological analysis and interpretation of large-scale and long-term social processes, changes in the traditional way of sociology's participation in the formation of state social policy and the implementation of social reforms. Endogenous factors hindering the leadership of sociological science in the modern public intellectual discourse are identified, namely: fragmentation of sociology, its division into a huge number of directions, particular, local thematizations; lack of research attention of sociologists to the fundamental problems of social life; modern sociology does not form an agenda for public intellectual discourse and scientific research, does not define the problematic field of research and interpretation both at the microsocial level and at the level of societal and global phenomena; it is not socially engaged, does not engage in dialogic interaction with various groups of the public, does not help them to realize their values, interests and problems, to fight for their solution; sociologists do not show activity in related research areas (for example, such as social communications, public relations, advertising, marketing, political consulting, conflict studies), do not use for this a rich arsenal of sociological theoretical concepts, quantitative and qualitative methods; despite the mediatization of social life, sociology is not sufficiently media-based, it is extremely weakly present in the media space. A conclusion is formulated about the need to transform sociological thinking and sociological imagination, the need for serious changes in the educational programs of professional training of students, in particular their practical component, the search for new formats of professional communication.
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Alborn, Timothy L. "A Calculating Profession: Victorian Actuaries among the Statisticians." Science in Context 7, no. 3 (1994): 433–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889700001770.
Abstract:
The ArgumentHistorians of science naturally tend to express interest in other forms of intellectual activity only when these intersect with science. This tendncy has produced a number of enlightening studies of what happens when science and (for instance) law or theology come into contact, but little by way of how science enters into the calculations and social status of such forms of knowledge after the conjuction has passed. Recent work in the sociology of professions, in contrast, has focused attention precisely on those moments when the expert knowledge produced by different group doesnotoverlap. This has been the contribution of Andrew Abbortt's theory of “jurisdictional boundaries” between competing professions. The case of Victorian actuaries who worked hard to maintain unique intellectual claims in the competitive life insurance industry while maintainiing strong social connections and overlaps in knowledge with organized science, challenges the way both historians of science and sociologists of professions view contending knowledge claims. By observing what motivated actuaries to forge an alliance with men of science in the 1820s, then tracing their gradual recognition of a need to distance themselves from certain of the “scientific” values that had earlier informed their collective identity, it is possible to make sense of connections as well as disconnections between science and other forms of knowledge. A history of quantification from the actuaries' perspective, in other words, allows us to view science bothasandincontext.
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Teplitskiy, Misha, Daniel Acuna, Aïda Elamrani-Raoult, Konrad Körding, and James Evans. "The sociology of scientific validity: How professional networks shape judgement in peer review." Research Policy 47, no. 9 (November 2018): 1825–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2018.06.014.
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Karstina, S. G., O. N. Zechiel, and C. Machado. "Role of the Kazakhstan-German Cooperation in Improving Scientific Tools for Evaluation of Vocational Education Programs." Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia 30, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 132–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2021-30-1-132-143.
Abstract:
The work carried out within the framework of the German-Kazakh project “GeKaVoс – Transfer of dual training in logistics, mechatronics and sustainable energy supply to Kazakhstan” can be considered as one of the crucial aspects of the contribution to improving the quality of system of technical and vocational education (TVET), the achievement of high rates of employment of graduates of the TVET system, improve the ratio of supply and demand in the labor market.As the analysis of the TVET system in Kazakhstan presented in the article shows, different forms of cooperation between participants of the educational process in the country (corporate partnership, industrial clusters, patronage of large and medium-sized enterprises over educational institutions, etc.) contribute to the development of a market-oriented education system. Monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of technical and vocational education, as well as identifying opportunities to improve its quality and scope require understanding of its nature, its functions, goals and key characteristics, the application of effective scientific tools to assess vocational technical education and training of trainers (tutors) (TVET).The paper shows that the success of the transfer of educational programs depends primarily on the willingness to work together of all the stakeholders, the creation of systematic structures of interaction in the development of educational programs of different levels, improving methods of forecasting demand not only for certain professions, but also for professional and pre-professional competencies. The purpose of scientific evaluation of the dual system and workplace training is to prove its effectiveness as an educational strategy that provides students with real work experience, where they can apply social and technical skills and develop them.
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Ts, Battseren. "MERTON’S CONCEPT OF THE ETHOS OF SCIENCE." Philosophy and Religious Studies 25, no. 580 (June 17, 2023): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/prs20231.3.
Abstract:
Science is not only a system for the development of knowledge, but also a field of activity of a certain professional community, one of the social institutions of society. Science as a social institution and as a field of activity has become the subject of sociology of science, whose emergence as an independent specialty of Western sociology dates back to the early 1960s. Merton answered the question of the social conditions and prerequisites for the Formation of a normative and ethical core of modern science. The most important conclusion is the thesis that scientific knowledge is public and not private. R. Merton proposed a systematic sociological study of scientific activity, developed based on a fundamentally new analytical concept. His general scheme of considering science as a social institution made it possible to build a system of theoretically coherent empirical research and study scientific activity as an integral phenomenon. The main mechanism that determines the functioning of science is a set of norms that apply in the scientific community and regulate the professional activities of scientists. R. Merton is considered the founder of the ‘institutional’ sociology of science since the main thing in his concept is the development of the idea of science as a social institution. The development of the concept of the scientific ethos created by Robert Merton and his followers is an interesting object for analysis as an expression of science intended to determine the laws by which the scientific community lives and certified knowledge is created.
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Bocharov, Vladislav, and Svetlana Klimova. "Is Russian Sociology of Labor Ready to Respond to New Challenges? (Analytical Review of Two Scientific Conferences)." Sociological Journal 28, no. 2 (June 28, 2022): 178–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2022.28.2.8993.
Abstract:
This article provides an analytical review of two major conferences on sociology of labor, held in December of 2021 and March of 2022. The central problem was the precarity of work and the situation of employees given conditions of unstable employment caused by the coronavirus pandemic. The thematic continuity of the events made it possible to realize the persistence and scale of the precarity phenomenon both as a topic of sociological knowledge and as a social problem. In particular, it is shown that precarious work, being intrinsic to an increasing number of people of various professions, warps not only the social role of the employee, but also undermines the role of work as the value- and meaning-forming framework of human life. The empirical data presented by the speakers proved that precarious employment is becoming a new form of exploitation, since it means a relatively low price of labor, a decline in an employee’s qualifications, a limited number of social guarantees, vulnerability in crisis situations. Remote work, something that has become widespread during the pandemic, has brought about not only certain advantages for both the employee and the company (efficiency, saving time and other resources, advanced training in the field of information technology), but also new forms of exploitation (extending the work day, using personal and familial resources for work, etc.). The article closes with conclusions regarding the potential demand for the theoretical, methodological and applied aspects of the scientific discussions held when it comes to counteracting the precarization of employment and labor relations.
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Fomicheva, Tatyana V. "The Importance of Work As a Value in the Minds of Russians." Social’naya politika i sociologiya 20, no. 4 (141) (December 29, 2021): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2071-3665-2021-20-4-136-143.
Abstract:
The publication is devoted to the analysis of the perception of work as a value in the value consciousness of modern Russians. The purpose of this publication: to analyze the value of work in the minds of Russians and to determine its importance in different age groups. Subject of publication: work as a value in the structure of the value consciousness of Russians. Subject: the importance of the value of work in different age groups of Russians; factors influencing the importance of work. The method of obtaining empirical data is a secondary analysis of information, including thematic normative documents (legislative acts of the Russian Federation), sociological research, the results of cross-cultural research, etc. Practical significance of the work: identifying factors that influence the importance of the value of work in the minds of Russians. The scientific novelty of the publication is the use of the results of cross-cultural studies to form conclusions. Scope of the results: the main findings of the study can be applied to innovate training courses in the sociology of social groups, sociology of professions, axiology.
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Poliak, O. "DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIOLOGICAL EDUCATION IN UKRAINE." Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Pedagogy, no. 2 (12) (2020): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2415-3699.2020.12.10.
Abstract:
Sociology as sciences and a subject matter has been researched, the phenomenon of significant influence of individual features and knowledge of creators of sociology on its development at an initial stage has been proved, the reasons of differences in evolution of sociology in the Western Europe, the USA and in the East Europe have been analyzed. Improvements of a statement of this period in textbooks for higher schools are offered. The inaccuracy of the statement distributed in modern textbooks about absence of sociological researches in Soviet Union is revealed. It is specified on the facts of their development in 20-30th years in the form of searches of "the scientific organization of work" and in 60-70th years as realization of "social forecasts". Significant and completely new information was obtained during the study of structural and didactic characteristics of the sociological education sector in Ukraine. The analysis of reference books for entrants higher education institutions of Ukraine during the years of independence made it possible to trace the evolution of the names of specializations in sociological education of Ukraine and to obtain data on how many higher education institutions offer students different types of learning. The fact of great differences between the classifiers of professions and what was offered and is offered by higher education institutions has revealed and analyzed. The introduction of the new Classifier of Professions DK 0003: 2005 should cause changes in the activities of the higher education institutions. Ways to accelerate the development and improvement of the sociological education sector in the domestic higher education system are proposed, taking into account the Bologna process and other integration processes, in particular, the need to include Ukraine in creating a common European space Union to continue building its human potential through the creation and accumulation of "development knowledge", an important part of which is sociological knowledge. Restoration of sociology and formation of sociological education in the USSR 80th years, development and permanent changes of sociological education in independent Ukraine is investigated. Curricula and other aspects of preparation of experts of sociology in several universities and other higher schools are investigated, is specified on existence of a nonagreement of terminology of formulations in diplomas of higher schools with the official Qualifier of trades.
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Степанова, Татьяна Михайловна, and Александр Владимирович Степанов. "DESIGN: TRANSFESSIONAL ASPECT." Академический вестник УралНИИпроект РААСН, no. 2(49) (June 30, 2021): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25628/uniip.2021.49.2.016.
Abstract:
Тема «трансфессионализма», разрабатываемая в последние годы в социологии, профессиологии, психологии, а также других научных областях, касается и дизайна. Рассмотрение дизайна в трансфессиональном аспекте дает основания считать проектное творчество, реализуемое в разных дизайнерских векторах, сущностно трансфессиональным. Этот вывод, а также его новая теоретическая конкретизация в методологическом, структурном и социопрактическом модусах стали результатом данной статьи. The topic of «transfessionalism», which has been developed in recent years in sociology, professions, psychology, and other scientific fields, also applies to design. Consideration of design in a transfessional aspect gives grounds to consider design creativity, realized in different design vectors, as essentially transfessional. This conclusion, as well as its new theoretical concretization in the methodological, structural and socio-practical modes, are the result of this article.
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Weber, Max. "German Sociological Association Activity Report." Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 21, no. 2 (2022): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2022-2-131-148.
Abstract:
This publication is the first Russian translation of Max Weber’s keynote address at the First Conference of the German Sociological Association (DGS) held at the Academy of Social and Commercial Sciences in Frankfurt, Germany, from October 19–22, 1910. At the first session on the morning of October 20, he delivered the business report of the German Sociological Association that had been founded in Berlin the year before. Weber was given the floor as a chairman of the auditing board immediately after the opening speech The Pathways and Objectives of Sociology by the Association’s president, Ferdinand Tönnies. In the conference transcript, Weber’s presentation is referred to as the DGS “Business Report”, though it is essentially the classic’s attempt to delineate a framework research program for the then-institutionalizing German sociology. At the outset, Weber talks about the principles of the Association’s activity as exemplified in its charter. First of all, he refers to the imperative of value neutrality, a central tenet to all Weberian sociology implying a purely scientific focus, i.e., free from political, ethical and other evaluations of scholarly interest in the subject. Additionally, he emphasizes the pragmatic nature of the DGS, since it is not a purely status-based association of academic “nobility”. In the main part of the paper, Weber discusses the specific clusters of topics that the Association has chosen to study as its priorities, including the sociology of the media, the sociology of unions and public associations, and the sociology of key professions in modern society. The scholar concludes by speaking about the DGS financial situation, and its general dependence on promoting a culture of scholarly sponsorship patterned after the American model.
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Helmes-Hayes, Richard. "Engaged, Practical Intellectualism: John Porter and ‘New Liberal’ Public Sociology." Canadian Journal of Sociology 34, no. 3 (May 29, 2009): 831–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjs6307.
Abstract:
The debate initiated by Michael Burawoy’s 2004 Presidential Address to the American Sociological Association, “For Public Sociology,” has been a ‘public good’ (2005a; see also 2004abc, 2005bcdefg, 2006, 2007abc, 2008). Burawoy provoked sociologists around the world into revisiting the fundamental question “What is the nature and purpose of the discipline?”, and the variety of responses they have crafted is remarkable. Whatever the views individual scholars might hold, the discipline as a whole is deeply, inherently, and unavoidably political. Many of his critics have commented on the fact that it incongruous for him to call for a rejuvenated, highly politicized public sociology and simultaneously claim that such an entity could realistically involve relationships of “synergy,” “reciprocal interdependence,” and “organic solidarity” with the other three types (or “faces”) of sociology, including professional sociology It is axiomatic – part of the conventional wisdom of the discipline – that professional sociologists cannot accept the politicization of the research process. In order to remain scientific, professional sociology must stand in an unalterably adversarial relationship with the value-laden radical/ critical sociology that constitutes the basis for Burawoy’s vision of a properly constituted public sociology.
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VORONA, VALERIY. "Sociology as a scientific discipline: the post-positivist conception of J. Alexander and P. Kolomi." Sociology: Theory, Methods, Marketing, Stmm. 2022 (4) (2022): 7–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/sociology2022.04.007.
Abstract:
This paper presents an explanation of the post-positivist conception of sociological science. J. Alexander and P. Colomi implicitly formulated the elements of this conception in a number of their publications. They interpreted sociology as a number of competing theoretical traditions. These traditions consist of two genres: generalized discourse and their contextual research programs. The development of sociology occurs as a result of the competition of theoretical traditions. The existence of these traditions depends on their adaptation and development. Theoretical traditions develop as a result of elaboration, revision, reconstruction and expropriation. The competition of theoretical traditions is complicated by social aberrations in the professional scientific community. The productivity of this competition can provide sociological metatheorizing.
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Reshetnikov, Andrey V., and Nadezhda V. Prisyazhnaya. "Sociology of medicine:freedom to be yourself – both a doctor and a sociologist (Based on an interview with Andrey V. Reshetnikov,an Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences)." Sociology of Medicine 19, no. 2 (June 15, 2020): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2020-19-2-92-101.
Abstract:
The article is the quintessence of a detailed conversation, that is, an interview by the author with an academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Doctor of Sociological Sciences, the founder of modern sociology of medicine in Russia, and the Director of the Institute of Social Sciences of Sechenov University Andrey V. Reshetnikov. The interview was officially conducted on the occasion of the academician A.V. Reshetnikovs birthday. However, other reasons for conducting this interview were as follows: the increased interest of the professional community in the history of the formation of the sociology of medicine a young but already established branch of big sociology the need for researchers to discuss the theory as a tool for learning the fundamental principles of the development of modern society; and the need to determine strategic guidelines and coordinate the vectors of scientific research in line with the discipline. At the same time, the tireless, painstaking work of Andrey Veniaminovich on the development of the scientific school of the sociology of medicine, the formation of a team of like-minded people, and the strengthening of Russian and international relations between medical sociologists are inspiring examples of the realization of a professional vocation.
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Jankovic, Stefan. "Sociological field, fractal distinctions and morals: On emergence of analytical sociology." Sociologija 61, no. 1 (2019): 5–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1901005j.
Abstract:
In the past quarter of century, sociology encountered several distinct attempts that assign themselves a task of ample reconstruction of disciplinary grounds. Analytical sociology grows among these, as a peculiar tangle of solutions filled with causalist language common to epistemology which preceded the relativist blow in the 1960s, focused on explaining the individual actions as ?original? sense of sociologist?s job and restoration of Merton?s mid-range theory. By following Pierre Bourdieu?s theory of scientific field and the Andrew Abbott?s model of fractal distinctions, this paper seeks to discern the emergence of analytical sociology. Unlike the two ?common? alternatives in science studies - constructivism and realism, these approaches offer richer ground for tracing of scientific flows, by focusing on amalgamations that form scientists? practices through divisions, conventions, acclamations and mutual evaluations. Their particular advantage also is in treatment of moral dimension of scientific endeavour. After offering a brief consideration of these standpoints, we proceed by discerning the crucial segments of analytical program - its theoretical sources, the key concept of mechanism supported with specific theory of causality that prioritizes rational choices of individuals and finally, simulation method and agent-based modeling. At the end, we seek to discern the moral dimensions of both the analytical sociology and its critiques: of mechanism, as spontaneous order of social reality emerging from voluntary acts and conscious choices and the way in which a sociologist, as a professional, should treat suchlike conformity.
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Lofgren, Hans. "Towards a socio-political understanding of the pharmaceutical sector." Australian Health Review 28, no. 2 (2004): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah040147.
Abstract:
MUCH IS AT STAKE in scientific and technological, and economic and political, processes pertaining to the biosciences and pharmaceuticals. The value of the global drug industry is approaching US$500 billion while the health needs of the developing countries are of staggering proportion. From an Australian perspective, opportunities and constraints of medicinal drug policy are associated closely with rapid and possibly fundamental shifts occurring within the worldwide pharmaceutical industry, as well as global regulatory developments. Several articles in this special issue of Australian Health Review provide insight into these global dynamics. Other contributions explore policy themes of particular interest to an Australian readership. Writers on medicinal drug policy and regulation come from a variety of disciplines, including business and management, health and social policy studies, economics, sociology, and political science. The range and volume of the specialised literature on this sector reflects its social and economic significance and its unmatched complexity in terms of interdependencies between business, government, professions, and civil society actors. Most articles in this issue have an emphasis on politics and sociology ? this may compensate somewhat for the dominance usually exercised by economists in framing social science research and policy debate on pharmaceuticals.
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Schneider, Barbara. "Building a Scientific Community: The Need for Replication." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 106, no. 7 (July 2004): 1471–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146810410600704.
Abstract:
This article argues for the importance of replication and data sharing in educational research. Relying on standards set in other disciplines, such as sociology, the article discusses how professional associations can help to create norms and incentives for data sharing and data archiving. The author discusses the importance of data sharing across disciplines and points out how qualitative and quantitative data are currently being shared across a range of investigators. Data sharing is essential to replication and creates a vehicle through which researchers can build upon their designs, create and revise measures, and study different populations for purposes of developing new theories. The sharing of information about studies, including the actual data upon which findings are based, allows researchers to verify, extend, and generalize findings.
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Bauk, Mikael. "Analisis Kompetensi Profesional Guru Dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Sosiologi." PENSOS : Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Pendidikan Sosiologi 2, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.59098/pensos.v2i1.1533.
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine the professional competence of teachers in improving the learning outcomes of sociology in class X IPS 1 at Kapan State High School and the obstacles faced by Sociology teachers at Kapan Public High School in increasing their professionalism. This research uses a descriptive qualitative research method. Data collection techniques were carried out using observation, interviews, and documentation. The subjects of this study were the school principal and sociology teacher. The data analysis technique uses data reduction, compilation, categorization, and conclusions. Based on the results of this study show that teachers at Kapan State High School cannot be said to be professional; this is because, first, the learning process does not have a sociology subject teacher; some teachers are required to teach sociology even though the teacher is not a sociology subject teacher so that the delivery of sociology subjects is not according to the material presented by the teacher. Second, there are learning barriers that do not include the criteria for completeness of KKM in schools due to teachers who are not always in their scientific field in improving learning outcomes, such as teachers having difficulty in dividing teaching time between sociology and geography, lack of professional educators in the field of sociology, and lesson planning. Thus, the results of learning sociology at the Kapan State High School are ineffective. This is because schools still face many obstacles in providing educators who work in the field of sociology.
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Jansen, Axel, and Claudia Roesch. "Introduction: Biomedicine in Contemporary History." Journal of Contemporary History 57, no. 4 (September 6, 2022): 843–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220094211039547.
Abstract:
While historians have analyzed and discussed the fragmentation of life in transatlantic societies by focusing on economics, law, or politics, we propose that a focus on biomedicine in the period since 1970 adds important perspectives on the shifting public role of science and of medicine. Biomedicine (the convergence of biological research and of medicine within the life sciences) moved to the center of public debates after the end of the Cold War. The papers in this special issue highlight how it became a prism through which societies, governments, and states renegotiated the roles of the medical and scientific professions, the opportunities, risks, and limits associated with scientific research and medical technologies, the responsibilities of individuals and of the professions in making life-or-death decisions, and important norms shaping the lives of individuals, families, and communities. Historians have analyzed and discussed the impact of market-oriented governing rationalities and of shifting discourses about the societal roles of individuals by focusing on politics, economics, or law. The contributors to this special issue propose to expand the focus towards biomedicine in order to include developments that otherwise would remain distinct from evolving narratives in recent contemporary history.
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Hill, Kim Quaile. "Research Creativity and Productivity in Political Science: A Research Agenda for Understanding Alternative Career Paths and Attitudes Toward Professional Work in the Profession." PS: Political Science & Politics 53, no. 1 (October 2, 2019): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096519001215.
Abstract:
ABSTRACTA growing body of research investigates the factors that enhance the research productivity and creativity of political scientists. This work provides a foundation for future research, but it has not addressed some of the most promising causal hypotheses in the general scientific literature on this topic. This article explicates the latter hypotheses, a typology of scientific career paths that distinguishes how scientific careers vary over time with respect to creative ambitions and achievements, and a research agenda based on the preceding components for investigation of the publication success of political scientists.
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Golovin, Nikolay, and Roman Vissonov. "At the Onset of P.A. Sorokin’s Sociology Gaining International Recognition: Commentary on the Publication of his Correspondence with the Publisher G. Salomon-Delatour (1925–1932)." Sociological Journal 28, no. 4 (December 28, 2022): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2022.28.4.9319.
Abstract:
The published correspondence reveals the professional ties of the RussianAmerican sociologist P.A. Sorokin (1889–1968) and the German publisher and sociologist Salomon (1892–1964, Salomon-Delatour since 1947). It substantially complements the knowledge about Sorokin’s priorities in professional contacts and scientific interests. In addition to the most complete version of Sorokin’s article “Russian Sociology in the Twentieth Century” (1926), published in the Yearbook of Sociology released by Salomon, the accompanying correspondence introduces Sorokin’s plans to participate in the preparation of the German editions of the books Leaves from a Russian Diary (1924), The Sociology of Revolution (1925), Social Mobility (1925), Modern Sociological Theories (1928, the German edition came out in 1932), Principles of Rural and Urban Sociology (1929) and Readers on Rural Sociology (1930–1932). Sorokin’s plans and articles on the study of genius and leadership, the role of the intelligentsia in society, and issues of book review are discussed. The letters are a testament to Sorokin’s sociology starting to receive actual international recognition. The correspondence tells of the impact of the Great Depression (1929–1939) on sociologists’ contacts.
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Berezutskiy, Yu V., N. M. Baykov, and M. A. Bulanova. "Social representations of the students of secondary schools of the Khabarovsk territory: sociological measurement." POWER AND ADMINISTRATION IN THE EAST OF RUSSIA 100, no. 3 (2022): 118–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1818-4049-2022-100-3-118-131.
Abstract:
The article presents theoretical overview of scientific approaches to the study of «social ideas» as a fundamental construct of sociology and related sciences and the results of their sociological measurement among the schoolchildren of the Khabarovsk territory. Genesis of the concept «social representations» (social representations), which has its origins in scientific views and conceptual justifications from the classics of social sciences (sociology, social psychology, etc.) to modern domestic and foreign researchers, reflects both its high significance and the complexity of interpretation and empirical measurement. The methodological analysis of the main scientific approaches to the study of this construct gives reason for the authors to widely use them as the basis for the sociological measurement of social ideas of students in general education schools.The empirical results of sociological surveys obtained by the authors indicate that the school education system forms collective social ideas of students as stable education of ideas, views, values and knowledge, having the central cores of representation, based on quantitative and qualitative indicators. Their sociological measurement testifies to the content and objectification of social ideas regarding study, educational and professional plans, migration moods. The authors consider it expedient to use the presented results of sociological measurement of social ideas of schoolchildren to develop measures to improve state educational policy, primarily in the formation of a value-motivation attitude (meanings and images) to study, the choice of profession, place of work in the regional labor market and other life plans.
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Kolyakova, Irina. "Viktor Machnev: the central figure in the history of the Faculty of Sociology (in memory of Professor Viktor Yakovlevich Machnev)." Semiotic studies 2, no. 2 (July 5, 2022): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2782-2966-2022-2-2-6-10.
Abstract:
Viktor Yakovlevich Machnev passed away on the 21st of May 2022, a man whose creative and scientific biography is associated with Samara University, the Faculty of Sociology and the research community of Samara city. The purpose of the article is to present a portrait of a researcher, leader, enthusiastic person and a man of many accomplishments. There have been drawn the conclusions regarding the scholars wide recognition within the scientific environment and his success as part of teaching profession and academic career.
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Ferron, Benjamin, Johana Kotišová, and Simon Smith. "The Primacy of Secondary Things: A Sustained Scientific Dialogue on Three Edges of the Journalistic Field." Journalism and Media 3, no. 1 (March 8, 2022): 212–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia3010016.
Abstract:
While the sociology of journalism has traditionally granted epistemic privilege to the mainstream news media, professional elites and their dominant meta-discourse, there is a recent trend to research journalism from other points of view. Researchers have investigated alternative and community media, journalists with low visibility or legitimacy in the workplace, as well as heterodox conceptions of professional excellence. These studies shed new light on little studied sub-groups and practices. How can we integrate them into a sustained scientific dialogue between researchers? This paper presents a methodologically original attempt to do so by dialogically re-interrogating material from studies of three situations where journalism absorbs precarious and politicised agents in the field (media activists), new practices and tasks that need doing (online discussion administration) and unusual kinds of professional attributes (experiencing emotionality in crisis reporting). In each case journalism’s pursuit of professional autonomy is at stake, since conditions of production clash with established professional myths and practices or generate incompatibilities with institutionalised expectations. Our three-way exchange using the bridging/sensitising concept of edge focuses on the conversion or convertibility of external forms of capital (legitimacies, resources and experiences) into forms redeemable and tradeable in a professional field. It exhibits how forces external to the journalistic profession are (made) present in each case but refracted differently in each local configuration. We call for a more systematic and relational study of these kinds of localised refractions.
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De Groot, Kees, and Erik Sengers. "Wat telt als godsdienstsociologie?" Religie & Samenleving 11, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 293–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.54195/rs.12217.
Abstract:
In 1960, the Dutch journal of the Catholic Social-Ecclesial Institute (Kaski) Sociaal Kompas became Social Compass. This shift rounded off a period now considered as the heyday of Dutch sociology of religion. Ironically, in those years, Catholic sociologists in particular contested the legitimacy of taking religion as an object of sociological study. Each period in the history of sociology of religion appears to present a different face of it due to the interplay between the political field, the religious field, and the academic field, while the self-identification of its practitioners as sociologists of religion is far from self-evident. After 1980, further secularization resulted in a subsequent decline of chairs in sociology of religion. As direct, competitive government funding of academic research gained traction, the social-scientific study of religion continues to be funded. In so far as politicians and religious professionals continue to be concerned about issues such as the rise of Islam and new spirituality, the call for the social-scientific study of religion remains. The identification of these researchers with sociology of religion as a specialty, however, is less self-evident. What makes a sociologist of religion?
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Strawbridge, Sheelagh. "Counselling, Psychology and The Model of Science*." Counselling Psychology Review 7, no. 1 (February 1992): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpscpr.1992.7.1.4.
Abstract:
In the context of the issue of professional legitim ation, this paper questions the dominant model of “scientific psychology”, as providing the appropriate epistemological and methodological basis for “counselling psychology”. A critique of the underlying model of scientific reason is outlined, based upon a consideration of the ideological functions of science in modem, technological societies and upon post-Kuhn ian and feminist research in the sociology of scientific knowledge. Counselling psychology is seen as offering an alternative model which is practice-led, has a different value base and is grounded in the interpretive traditions.
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Koch, I. A., and В. A. Orlov. "Values and professional identity of student-age population." Education and science journal 22, no. 2 (March 4, 2020): 143–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2020-2-143-170.
Abstract:
Introduction. Profound social transformations in the Russian society, the formation of market relations have led to the deformation of the system of life values among the citizens of the country. Changes in value orientations directly affect the professional identity of new generations. This circumstance requires new forms of work on professional guidance of young people, taking into account their attitudes, as well as unstable labour market conditions.The aim of the present research is to investigate social conditions and values-orientations, which influence the choice of professional niche and employment of students, who pursue higher education.Methodology and research methods. The initial methodological framework is based on axiological and activity-based approaches, as well as sociology of professions. The main empirical methods of sociological research involve observation and mass questionnaire survey of students of Ural State Mining University (Ekaterinburg) and Ural Institute of Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Ekaterinburg). 606 full-time students were interviewed.Results and scientific novelty. The value structure and professional preferences of young people transformed by external causes, their recognition of the acquired profession and their role in the implementation of their own life plans were analysed in a comprehensive manner. It was revealed that half of the respondents made a conscious choice for the profile of university education and they are going to pursue the occupations for which they are qualified. One third of respondents consider their choice as spontaneous and random, and every fifth respondent is ready for any employment. For many respondents, the question of the relationship between future work and the education received remains open, which partly reflected the need driven by the Russian society to receive a diploma acquired at a higher education institution.The social factors influencing the choice of profession and professional self-determination of students are revealed, the main of which are the following: interesting work and popularity of the profession. Choosing his or her profession, every second student is confident that it will be associated with interesting work, which for many of them is one of the key life priorities (42.2%). According to young people, the prestige of profession is very significant and can be expressed in high wages and in demand in the labour market. Among the prestigious professions are doctors, engineers, lawyers, entrepreneurs and civil servants. The majority of students consider their specialty to be prestigious and in-demand. According to every third student, a prestigious job gives a high social status and requires high qualifications to perform it. One third of respondents are confident that it will give them the opportunity to build a career and to become the holders of high social status; thus, the students understand that it is necessary to acquire high qualification and to have individual abilities and skills for the future profession. The fourth part of respondents believe that their future work would help them to realise their potential. At the same time, every sixth student (15.6%) expressed a desire to change the direction of training, which indicates disappointment in profession or initially wrong choice.It is concluded that professional identity of young people is determined by individualistic, conformistic values and motivation for self-affirmation.Practical significance. The research material and results can be employed to organise the pedagogical support for the process of professionalism of university students and to develop the recommendations for vocational guidance work among schoolchildren, college students and young workers.