Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sociology of quantification'
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Jozan, Raphaël. "Les débordements de la mer d'Aral : qu'apporte la sociologie de l'acteur-réseau à la sociologie du développement ?" Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST1108.
Full textWhat can bring the Actor-Network Sociology to the Development Sociology ? Since the breakdown of the Soviet Union and the political disintegration of the Aral Sea basin into five independent republics, Central Asia is witnessing a "water war". The republics have difficulties in finding an agreement for sharing the water resources, while international cooperation has many times demonstrated an optimum by producing hydro-economic models.This thesis analyses the history of the water conflict in Central Asia and shows how the experts’ calculation devices contribute to perform the “water war”. The research chases the water flowing in the production field, in the administrative statistics and in the work of international experts. It focuses on technical devices and demonstrates how the Development Sociology gets enriched by the Actor-Network Sociology
Brookfield, Charlotte. "'Quantification is the root of all evil in sociology' : what does it add up to? : the place of quantitative research methods in British sociology." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/111416/.
Full textSpina, Nerida J. "The quantification of education and the reorganisation of teachers' work : an institutional ethnography." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/104977/1/Nerida_Spina_Thesis.pdf.
Full textHirsch, Agnès. "Statistiques professionnelles et lois sociales : l’invention de la mesure du travail en France (1880-1914)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLD034.
Full textAt the dawn of the 20th century, issues related to labor regulation and the development of social insurance and welfare systems held a prominent place in reform agendas, as demonstrated by the adoption, within just a few decades, of several laws related among others to working hours and schedules, workplace safety, pensions, and trade union rights. The period 1880-1914 also witnessed the expansion of the administration of labor, as well as the extension of labor statistics and surveys. Hence, labor became both a target for action by social reformers, who developed methods to analyze it, and a subject of interest for emerging labor and employer unions. These organizations initiated surveys and produced data to position themselves on these issues. This research aims at exploring the relationship between the development of legislation related to labor, social insurance, and welfare and the rise of labor surveys and statistics in France between 1880 and 1914. The aim of this thesis is to explore the relationship between the development of labor legislation, social insurance, and welfare provisions, and the rise of labor statistics in France between 1880 and 1914. Two major questions serve as the guiding framework for this research. The first concerns the role of labor statistics in the decision-making process during this period. By analyzing parliamentary debates on industrial accidents at the end of the 19th century, this research documents the fragmented nature of the statistics used by lawmakers, the predominance of private and foreign sources, and the limited references to official statistical and labor administrations. The second question concerns the influence of labor and employer organizations in these debates and their capacity to produce and disseminate data. This research highlights the considerable influence of employer organizations, compared to labor unions, in these discussions, as they strengthened their position as "authorized" organizations by producing technical documentation. By focusing on the production of surveys and the use of statistical, demographic, and financial expertise by several workers organizations, this thesis also challenges the common notion of workers' powerlessness, often portrayed as an inability to take positive action. This view, frequently adopted by certain social researchers and parliamentarians throughout the 19th century, contributed to the perpetuation of biases against workers’ voices
Legros, Baptiste. "En personne et en chiffres : enquête sur les pratiques de quantification et leurs limites dans l’accompagnement social des mal-logés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0151.
Full textDespite the increase in quantitative evaluations in the conduct of public policies towards the poorly housed, and more broadly, the intensification of the use of numbers in the bureaucratic management of the State, how can we explain that sociologists observe in the field, in the routines of professionals in charge of rehousing, forms of knowledge about beneficiaries and evaluation of their situation that do not rely on numbers? Moreover, how can we explain that over the last three decades, while quantification practices have continued to intensify and improve in this sector of intervention, these forms of appreciative knowledge, voluntarily suspending reliance on numerical data, have also continued to progress in this same sector?This thesis aims to shed light on these questions. It does so based on an ethnographic study conducted over three years within a social organization in the Paris region mandated by the regional prefecture of Île-de-France to intervene urgently in favor of rehousing the most deprived. We are particularly interested in two missions that the State has delegated to this organization: supporting families benefiting from a "sliding lease" in housing and urgently diagnosing squatter occupants. The ethnographic data collected is confronted with an analysis of the historical evolution of the studied organization, going back to its creation in the early 1990s. This dual approach, ethnographic and historical, allows us to grasp the type of social necessities that have led to the concomitant increase, in the management of poor housing, of the use of numbers and appreciative knowledge of beneficiaries. We thus show that while the opposition between objectification in numbers and appreciative knowledge of beneficiaries and situations gives rise, from an ethnographic point of view, to strong tensions between services and professional groups, these two logics are nonetheless, from a historical point of view, the result of one and the same process: that through which public action continuously adapts to the expectations of a society where, to use Durkheimian terms, the division of social labor increases. This thesis thus proposes to rethink the critical analysis of how the State employs quantified data
Samuel, Boris. "La production macroéconomique du réel : formalités et pouvoir au Burkina Faso, en Mauritanie et en Guadeloupe." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0057/document.
Full textThis thesis examines the exercise of power and its transformations, based on the observation of concrete operations of macroeconomic management in two African countries, Burkina Faso and Mauritania, and one Caribbean territory, Guadeloupe. Its approach involves a combination of anthropology, the sociology of quantification and the historical sociology of the political.The exercise of power rests on practices of economic management that are caught up in a network of relations. There are those who dangle the prospect of steering the economy in accordance with an instrumental logic; there are those turn formal procedures into tools for legitimizing current regimes; and there are those who turn macroeconomic management into the site of a struggle for access to resources. Macroeconomics has many meanings and lies at the centre of a wide-ranging ‘technocratic compromise’. In all three cases studied, the detailed observation of macroeconomic calculation shows that the technocratic ethos is crucial for an understanding of the exercise of power. Social and political struggles over education and the high cost of living, and debates on the illusory claims of reformism, place the numerical approach at the very heart of social and political relations. On the turbulent political scene in Mauritania, Guadeloupe and Burkina Faso, the objects of economic management are at work, guiding the actions of individuals and provoking protest. Indeed, macroeconomics is not just to be found in the office: it is part of the political repertoire of ordinary people. It is rooted both in the specific history of these societies and in the autonomous logics of technique and procedure
Beck, François. "représentativité des échantillons et représentation des usages : l'apport des enquêtes en population générale à la compréhension des usages de drogues." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00338155.
Full textBloem, Simone. "Die OECD als epistemologische Autorität : Erkenntnisproduktion mit PISA im OECD-Bildungsdirektorat." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05H023.
Full textThis study examines the process of knowledge production through the OECD Directorate for Education's Programme of International Student Assessment. The focus is on the mechanisms and strategies of objectivisation of the study and legitimatisation of the OECD as co-ordinator and knowledge producer with PISA, as well as the practices and strategies of data treatment, analysis, interpretation and communication in the OECD Directorate for Education. The OECD Directorate for Education, as an independent actor with a specific thematic orientation, interpretation and diffusion of PISA results has hardly been the focus of scholarly research. Yet, due to its global outreach, its high output rate of PISA products and the widespread use of its products in science, politics and media, the OECD is an important actor in shaping the interpretation and use of PISA data and results. By studying the acting and reasoning of the OECD Directorate for Education with PISA, this study intends to make a contribution to the understanding of the global influence of the OECD in international education policies. This study uses an ethnographic approach. It draws on knowledge and experiences which the researcher has gained through “observing participation” (Soulé, 2007) in the OECD Directorate for Education as well as on knowledge obtained from expert interviews with OECD staff members. Features of the knowledge production of the OECD were also studied by doing document analysis of PISA publications. The findings of this study show an increasing knowledge production with PISA data in the OECD Secretariat between 2001 and 2014, visible in the growing number of publications and materials, but also in new forms of data analysis as well as in public oriented data communication with the aim of raising the relevance of the study and its results in politics, educational practice and society. The pretension of the OECD Directorate for Education to achieve the highest possible attention from society, media and politics is partly in contradiction with the claim for scientific rigour of the results and inferences. Overall, the findings of this thesis suggest a growing politicisation of the knowledge production with PISA in the OECD's Directorate for Education since the publication of first PISA results in 2001
Die Forschungsarbeit untersucht den Prozess der Erkenntnisproduktion mit dem Programme of International Student Assessment (PISA), der sich innerhalb des OECD-Bildungsdirektorat vollzieht. Im Zentrum stehen Mechanismen und Strategien zur Objektivierung der Studie und zur Legitimierung der OECD als Koordinator von und Wissensproduzent mit PISA, sowie Praktiken und Strategien der Datenaufbereitung, -analyse, -interpretation und -kommunikation im OECD-Bildungsdirektorat. Das OECD-Bildungsdirektorat als eigenständig handelnder Akteur mit einer spezifischen inhaltlichen Ausrichtung, Interpretation und Verbreitung von PISA-Ergebnissen stand bisher kaum im Fokus der Forschung. Dabei ist die OECD aufgrund ihrer globalen Reichweite, ihrer hohen Output Rate an PISA Produkten und der weit verbreiteten Nutzung ihrer Produkte in Wissenschaft, Politik und Medien ein bedeutender Akteur, der die Öffentlichkeit hinsichtlich der Deutung und Nutzung von PISA-Daten und Erkenntnissen prägt. Durch die Untersuchung des Handelns und Räsonierens des OECD-Bildungsdirektorat mit PISA möchte diese Arbeit einen Beitrag dazu leisten, den weltweiten Einfluss der OECD auf die internationale Bildungspolitik zu erklären. Der Arbeit liegt ein ethnographischer Ansatz zu Grunde. Sie stützt sich auf Kenntnisse und Erfahrungen, die von der Forscherin im Rahmen einer beobachtenden Teilnahme im OECD-Bildungsdirektorat erworben wurden sowie auf Wissen, das mittels Experteninterviews mit Angestellten des OECD-Bildungsdirektorats gewonnen wurde. Zudem wurden mittels Dokumentenanalyse anhand von PISA-Publikationen Besonderheiten in der Erkenntnisproduktion der OECD untersucht. Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen eine wachsende Erkenntnisproduktion mit PISA-Daten im OECD Sekretariat im Zeitraum von 2001 bis 2014, sichtbar in einer zunehmenden Anzahl an Publikationen und Materialien, neuer Arten von Datenanalyse sowie einer zunehmend öffentlichkeitswirksamen Datenkommunikation um den politischen, bildungspraktischen und gesellschaftlichen Einfluss der Studie und ihrer Ergebnisse auszubauen. Der Anspruch des OECD-Bildungsdirektorats mit PISA möglichst hohe gesellschaftliche, mediale und politische Aufmerksamkeit auf sich zu ziehen steht zum Teil im Widerspruch mit dem Anspruch an die wissenschaftliche Güte der Ergebnisse und ihren Schlussfolgerungen. Insgesamt sprechen die Ergebnisse für eine zunehmende Politisierung der Erkenntnisproduktion mit PISA im OECD-Bildungsdirektorat seit Veröffentlichung der ersten Ergebnisse im Jahr 2001
Hardy, Antoine. "La science et son empreinte. Une sociologie des mobilisations scientifiques autour du CO2e." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0312.
Full textThe fieldwork of this dissertation is an attempt to “decarbonise” public research in France at the turn of the 2020s, in order to understand its implications for the construction and circulation of knowledge and the authority of science. Drawing on a processual and interactionist sociology, this dissertation explores the social world of carbon quantification in public laboratories: actors organising themselves to produce new data through a quantification process to analyse greenhouse gas emissions at laboratory scale, expressed in carbon dioxide equivalents, and to try to identify and implement measures to reduce them. Using qualitative data rooted in the sociology of science and situated at the intersection of the social studies of quantification and environmental sociology, this research aims to understand why and how these actors seek to restrict their professional activity. It identifies different ways of working, knowing, and engaging in research professions, the values that underpin these activities, and how scientific work, or what it should be, is normatively charged. The dissertation describes and analyses a reconfiguration of the moral background of science within this social world, leading its actors to question practices and representations that were previously unquestioned, or not questioned on this basis, and thereby to engage with the epistemic, material, and ethical boundaries of science
Onno, Julien. "Sociologie des pratiques quotidiennes de quantification de soi : l'usage des données numériques en question." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC028.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the daily practices of quantification through digital devices to highlight individuals’ discourse and usage. Using a sociological and historical perspective on the body quantification and on the legitimation of digital technologies, it seeks to understand how self-measurement fits with trajectories and temporalities. Resulting from deliberate and personal practices, self-quantification questions the values of autonomy, the relationships with performance and the extension of competition logic. Indeed, the numbers can circulate out of their production sphere and can be subject to multiple forms of exchanges and sharing. So, the individual body is more and more concerned by measurement. The data generated from digital devices enhances individual experience as much as the health databases of large companies. The individual practices refer to the idea of a datafication of the social world. If this idea comes from a series of promises and from a performative discourse, the massive quantification of individuals raises numerous issues (use of personal data, predictive health, targeting, etc.) that this thesis seeks to interrogate
Fonteneau, Yannick. "Développements précoces du concept de travail mécanique (fin 17e s.-début 18e s.) : quantification, optimisation et profit de l'effet des agents producteurs." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00640402.
Full textKambayashi, Rodrigo. "La sociologie de la RSE et les enjeux de sa quantification : le cas de la France et du Mexique." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL137.
Full textNowadays, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become a widespread and almost unavoidable step for multinational corporations in the Western world that can hide confused interests in corporate social development actions. This thesis proposes to study CSR as a social construction of the management tools that compose it, specifically through its quantification and the use of this quantification as a communication tool that empowers its understanding to legitimize its presence and its role in multinational corporations. To do this, we analyzed the sociohistorical approach of CSR where we found that it was its operationalization that marked the transformation of the concept from a normative perspective to a rather descriptive one. For this reason, we have identified two of the most important management tools: The Global Compact, the most widespread CSR tool to date; as well as the quantification of Vigeo's CSR. We made it dialogue between them to observe that the Global Compact is a good initiative but that the evolution of CSR has been tangential with the exception of the field of human rights. Nevertheless, these results are directly related to the process of creating this quantification of CSR. This is why we have analyzed not only the methodology, but also the organizational and institutional aspects to understand the issues of the largest non-financial rating agency in Europe, Vigeo. We wanted to analyze the management consequences of this internal quantification of companies but after limited access to companies in France, we had to do the field analysis in Mexico. The cooperation between the different departments of the company is a key factor of success for CSR programs where the quantification of CSR provides the essential legitimacy to have a minimum of credibility, to obtain their support and to complete the objectives of CSR
Lemoine, Benjamin. "Les valeurs de la dette : L'État à l'épreuve de la dette publique." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00712284.
Full textDepecker, Thomas. "La loi des tables : quantification du besoin alimentaire et réforme des conduites de vie XIXe-XXe siècles." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0004.
Full textThis doctoral thesis examines the social conditions of technologies transfer between the exploitation of livestock and the reform of the conducts of life. The case considered here is the quantification of dietary needs. The analysis of relationships between different fields shows how the quantification of physiological inputs and outputs, thought for the livestock enterprises in the early XIXth century, becomes employed in the governmentality of one's health. The quantification of dietary needs arises in the early XIXth century as a result of changes in agricultural accounting and livestock exploitation: the relations between diet and livestock products are then a simple relation between debits and credits. The "rational nutrition", which is the agricultural chemistry study about the optimization of cattle exploitation, is then integrated within companies making use of animal strength. Analyzing the positions of individuals at the interface of agricultural chemistry, medicine and public health, this doctoral thesis shows how the "rational nutrition" is also used in the administration of institutions during the second half of the XIXth century, and is finally presented to the entire population, in particular to the working class, as a principle of conduct of life, which leads individuals to view their body as a rational farmer is considering his cattle: as a capital. After showing how the quantification of dietary needs at this time is presented as a technique that everyone should apply to oneself, the doctoral thesis finally exposes the institution of "rational nutrition" as 5 technique dedicated to the monitoring of population during the Second World War
Tréhin-Lalanne, Rémi. "Moderniser l’homme par les chiffres : mesures et démesure de la « société de la connaissance » (1945-2012) : Une sociologie critique de la quantification." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3025.
Full textThe starting point of this study is the adoption by the European Union in 2000 of numerical indicators and benchmarks to compare and stimulate the performance of the education systems of Member States. It looks closely at the processing of this statistical information during both fabrication and diffusion. These tools for government have been developed within the international institutions created after the Second World War (UNESCO, OECD) in an attempt to combine material well being and social harmony by shaping education to meet the challenges of the industrial world. This policy of reliance on numbers has created an increasingly voluminous structure, in permanent expansion as it generates new data. Its growth has been fuelled by digital technologies that facilitate the direct collection of data in schools and classrooms. Because they increase the traceability of school careers and allow for more regular evaluation of schools and students, these tools are used by both management and social science researchers to improve education and administration. Presented as teaching aids, they are designed to improve teachers' performance by allowing them to evaluate, classify and grade both their students and their difficulties. The phenomenon of quantification, by which we mean the activity of giving numerical expression to realities not previously expressed in this way, is considered here from three points of view - administrative, scientific and industrial - in order to provide an understanding of the origins of the avalanche of numbers and its effects on the vitality of our democracies and their inhabitants
Gilles, Marion. "Compter pour peser : la quantification de la "santé au travail" en entreprises : entre institutionnalisation et ambiguïtés conceptuelles." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0096.
Full textThis research focuses on the process of quantification of health at work" and its effects. To that end, the thesis examines three quantification instruments, set up by occupational health physicians. It brings together the analysis of the genesis of the instruments, their uses and effects with the study of the actors who produced and managed them. The research, based on an important field research on the production of numbers and their appropriation, combines interviews, observations of the manufacturing of numbers and sessions of presentation of the quantitative data, analysis of archives and documents ("companies' documents" and the "grey literature" on the quantification instruments). Focussing on the "definitional struggles" about the categories proposed by physicians and "conflicting uses" around the numbers, the thesis demonstrates that their production is part of social relations that contribute to the redefinition of the goals initially assigned to instruments by their creators. Embedded in unfavourable power relations, physicians struggle to weigh on the institutionalisation of the categories they produced and disseminated and to control the uses of "their" numbers. Stepping aside from the public statistics usually studied in the sociology of quantification, this thesis enlightens the process of manufacturing, distributing and appropriation of numbers devoid of legitimate institutional support. It also contributes to the knowledge about the stakes and the debates surrounding the definition of "health at work" issues and how one should deal with these
Dufour, Quentin. "L’objectivation comptable de l’économie nationale : Enquête sur la fabrique du PIB et des comptes nationaux français." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED018.
Full textNational accounts, including the GDP indicator, are the most shared and legitimate representation of the national economy. Made in France within a ministerial entity – INSEE’s Department of National Accounts – they convey a conception of the economy as an evolutionary (we call "growth" the variations of the economy over time) and global (all French production expressed in currency) object. Once made public, they are marked by a form of accounting objectivity: for the majority of its users, and despite many criticisms, the accounting representation of the economy is seen as a solid and indisputable object, a reference knowledge on macroeconomic reality. Based on a nine-month ethnographic survey within the National Accounts Department, the thesis analyses the fabric of this accounting objectivity of the economy. At the crossroads of the sociology of quantification, the sociology of science, and the sociology of activity, it questions the way in which the national accounts department produces and stabilizes a shared and reference knowledge on the national economy. The thesis describes the department as an organization structured around a distributed work of articulation of accounting categories and data (that mainly come from the French statistical system). Far from being a mechanical filling of accounting tables, the accounting activity involves a real intervention on the data, to match them to the accounting framework: identification, collection, formatting, totalization, arbitration, stabilization, narration, iterations, are operations that contribute to the consistency of a representation of the economy. The thesis shows that the global and evolutionary nature of the economy is not obvious, but must be produced on a day-to-day basis. Its existence in the form of a global system of relationships, as well as its ability to vary over time, is the result of accounting activity. The national economy, as we know it through the national accounts, thus constitutes a possible and relatively singular way of objectifying the economy
Pillon, Jean-Marie. "Les rendements du chômage : mesures du travail et travail de mesure à Pôle emploi." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100041/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with unemployment policies and focuses on the mutual influence of management accountants and counselors in the French one stop shop for job seekers, “Pôle emploi”. Our work tests the hypothesis that administration reforms have changed the role of statistics and accounting in policies. Based on observation of the counselors’ work and on interviews with executives of Pôle Emploi, this work sheds light on the mechanisms through which the central State measures its results on the labor market. Counselors undergo two different pressures: one derived from performance targets set by the State and the other from the increasing number of job seekers. The thesis analyzes the Arts and crafts developed by counselors to solve these tensions. From this perspective, the counselors’ work looks like a categorization activity enabling them to sort the 5.5 million unemployed in accordance with three separate scales: the labor law, the labor market, and the institutional solutions to improve employability. Counselors then experience contradictions between individualized activation policies and the macro-economic nature of the current number of unemployed. Thus, our work dissects the gap between great politicians’ addresses and civil servants’ feeling of powerlessness
Malcorps, Sylvain. "La fabrique collective du contenu d'information et des segments de consommateurs par les mesures de l'audience en ligne: Le cas des relations entre journalistes en ligne et marketeurs dans l'enjeu de captation de l'intention sur Internet." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/315561/5/Contrat.pdf.
Full textDoctorat en Information et communication
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Zurlo, Gina. "'A miracle from Nairobi': David B. Barrett and the quantification of world Christianity, 1957–1982." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27183.
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