Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sociology of illegal market'
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PAUS, ANNA. "ORGANISATION, COOPERATION AND REDUCTION: A SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ILLEGAL MARKET ACTORS FACILITATING IRREGULAR MIGRATION AT EU-INTERNAL TRANSIT POINTS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/737858.
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The facilitation of irregular migration by organised criminal groups [OCGs] at EU-internal transit points represents a specific illegal market type. This PhD thesis uses a mixed methodology approach to study this market with a focus on Italy, one of the main entry and transit countries for irregular migrants aiming to reach Central and Northern Europe, as well as the pulsating heart of intense EU-public and political debate around issues of mismanaged, undocumented immigration.
While the debate has concentrated on the organised smuggling of irregular migrants via sea routes, less attention has been paid to EU-inland routes. What is known about the latter is mainly restricted to sporadic cases in which smuggling journeys have ended tragically. This has led to the rather uninformed and sensationalist notion that the market for human smuggling is monopolised by highly structured and sophisticated transnational OCGs. However, existing empirical evidence rather suggests OCGs to be weakly-tied and fragmented in structure. Considering that these OCGs operate on a highly uncertain market, which lacks in institutional control and formal contracts, it becomes not only interesting, but vital to understand how these OCGs nevertheless execute their business successfully.
The purpose of this thesis is to shed light on the organisational structure of OCGs operating on this illegal market type, to elucidate how its decentralised structure influences the market’s operation, and to analyse relational mechanisms that induce cooperative rather than opportunistic behaviour by illegal market actors. In doing so, the specificities and parallels of this distinct illegal market actor are compared to human smuggling organisations operating at EU-external borders. On the basis of these results, novel market reduction measures are pointed out, which are context-tailored, as well as more generally applicable to countering human smuggling into and within the EU.
The study aims to achieve its purpose through a context-specific socio-economic analysis of organised human smuggling at transit points internally to the EU by means of: (i) a critical review of the literature on EU-related human smuggling; (ii) a thematic analysis of secondary sources as well as expert interviews on EU-internal organised human smuggling, and finally, (iii) a social network analysis of a selected, large-scale human smuggling organisation in Northern Italy.
Together, these three different analyses lead to significant conclusions. OCGs involved in EU-internal human smuggling exhibit a decentralised organsational structure, which includes at most a two-tier level, including resourceful smugglers at the top and precarious individuals at the bottom. These OCGs are constituted not only by foreign- but also largely by European actors. Common ethnicity appears to facilitate cooperation between smugglers, as well as the criminal experience of a few. Compared to increasingly structured OCGs operating at the borders of Europe, the EU-internal human smuggling market appears still less organised and less violent and/or life-threatening for migrants. The latter is exhibited by a shift from physical transport to the progressive use of fraudulent documents on the EU-internal human smuggling market, which however might indicate increased involvement of resourcesful smugglers.
It is argued that such a highly resilient illegal market structure can only be countered through (i) the improved targeting of high-tier smugglers but more importantly, necessitates (ii) recruitment prevention strategies that target the marginalisation and socio-economic precarity of smugglers, which are measures that notably overlap with the aim to reduce the demand of irregular migrants for smuggling services in the first place.
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Heinemann, Danton Lynx. "Social service use among illegal immigrants." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291986.
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This thesis paper researches the impact of illegal immigration on U.S. social services. The study focuses on information gathered from a group of illegal Mexican immigrants who have lived and worked in the U.S. The sample of illegal Mexican immigrants was attracted to the U.S. primarily for economic reasons. The U.S. economic system has directly and indirectly attracted Mexican workers into America for over a 100 years. The U.S. economy has directly attracted Mexican workers through recruitment practices employed by several U.S. business sectors. Indirectly, the powerful U.S. economy has historically attracted Mexicans north because the U.S.'s economy offers more economic opportunities than the Mexican economy. Illegal Mexican immigrants' presence in the U.S. economy has led to the increased use of U.S. social services and as a result of this extra use, a burden has been put on several social service institutions. To what extent this burden affects the U.S. economy is still not clear because illegal immigrants pay U.S. taxes that may compensate the system for this extra use.
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HUANG, SHIJING. "ESTIMATING ILLEGAL DRUG MARKET LOCATION IN CINCINNATI USING THE HUFF MODEL." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1090862711.
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Hutcherson, Donald Tyrone II. "Street Dreams: The Effect of Incarceration on Illegal Earnings." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1218205841.
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Ragab, Ahmed R. A. "Abortion decision-making in an illegal context : a case study from lower rural Eqypt." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294476.
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Malpas, Denise. "A qualitative feminist analysis of health and social care services to illegal drug users." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1997. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20752/.
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My research examines the work of two agencies delivering heath and social care services to illegal drug users and in so doing, aims to reveal how far these services operate in women's interest. The analysis draws on feminist principles of health and social care practice in order to construct an analytic framework for the collection and processing of data. It adopts a research methodology which is congruent with a feminist approach to social enquiry and which is committed to exposing the knowledge creation process to critical scrutiny. Data is collected using the techniques of participant observation and in-depth interview and the study integrates both sets of data in developing its discussion of findings. An early decision was taken to focus on the way in which the services are delivered to both men and women in order to examine the operation of gendered power relations and their impact on the ways in which clients are seen and responded to. The use of gender as a key variable has resulted in an analysis which points up a lack of attention to men's abuse of women in the social work encounter. Men's abusing rather than abusive behaviours are the main focus of attention. In contrast, a marked concern with women's potential abuse and neglect of their children was evident on one of the research sites. A propensity to respond to women primarily as mothers has been revealed and critically scrutinised. These, together with other key findings, suggest that services are not gender neutral, that they are designed to respond to a predominantly male drug user and that treatment strategies have been tailored accordingly. In drawing the analysis to a conclusion I have revisited the feminist principles of health and social care which provide the study's conceptual framework and have considered how far they can assist in developing services which meet women's needs and in furthering a feminist political agenda. I reflect critically on the methodological approach I have adopted and consider its impact on the validity of the research.
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Pascale, Bourque. "Law Enforcement Experience with Illegal Drugs and Its Influence on Police Officer Perceptions of Illegal Drugs, Their Users, and the Market That Furnish These Drugs." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37705.
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Illegal drug use is perceived as immoral, criminogenic, and an unhealthy practice for decades under the discourse sustaining drug prohibition. Those who apply prohibition laws on the front lines are narcotic police officers, particularly the ones who work in narcotic squads. Based on the specific context in which these individuals work in, perceptions and meanings on drug prohibition and illegal drug use will emerge. This project will explore drug enforcement officer’s perceptions on Canadian drug legislation and illegal drug use through the mobilization of Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s interpretation of phenomenology and social problems theory.
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Wong, Rebecca W. Y. "The organisation of the illegal tiger parts trade in China." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2a373846-393c-47ab-b297-8e389d906b49.
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The thesis is a study of how Chinese illegal tiger parts trading networks are organized. In particular, this thesis tests in a qualitative manner the causal relationship between three independent variables and the network organizations of these markets. The three independent variables are “ethnicity”, “level of enforcement” and “proximity to the source country”. The thesis also discusses the dynamics of the illegal transactions of tiger parts products. Legitimate meditators or dispute resolutions mechanisms are lacking in the underworld so the risks, which the parties undertake during trading, are far higher. This thesis explores how illegal transactions are enforced, carried out and honored in this trade. In order to map the organization of the tiger trade, I conducted fieldwork in three trading hubs across China: Lhasa. Kunming and Xining. I discovered five tiger parts trading networks, three of which specialized in the trading of tiger skins and two in tiger bones. Within these networks, the level of perceived but not the actual level of risk influences the decisions of the actors in the network. Entry into the network is easy when the perceived level of enforcement is low. In these settings, there is no ethnic restriction for entering the network; the supplier is willing to trade with anyone with a trustworthy reputation. On the other hand, accessibility to the network is strictly controlled when actors perceive a high level of enforcement in their operating environment. Under this setting, the organization of the network becomes more exclusive and ethnically homogenous, as shown in the Tibetan tiger skin-trading network in Lhasa and the tiger bone-trading network in Kunming. The proximity of the tiger source country to the re-distribution sites (fieldwork cities) also influences the organization of the networks. When the level of enforcement is low and the tiger source country is far away from the re-distribution sites, a monetary deposit is required in order to show that the buyer is serious about his/her request, as shown by the tiger skin-trading network in Kunming.
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Cohn, Ury Saul Hersch. "Illegal aliens out! : making sociological sense of the new restrictionist frame." Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16696.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work
Robert K. Schaeffer
In a 2005 op-ed piece, Wall St. Journal columnist Peggy Noonan queried, "What does it mean that your first act on entering a country is breaking its laws?" Unauthorized noncitizen populations have increased rapidly, from 3 million in 1990 to over 11 million in 2009. In the first decade of the twenty-first century, the Minuteman Project and the Tea Party generated renewed interest in restrictionist social movements (RSMs). Sociological social movement theories focused primarily on oppressed populations rather than privileged groups, leaving significant gaps in our understanding of right-wing movements. This dissertation‘s main question is: how did contemporary restrictionists frame their anti-immigrant principles, practices, and policies in the post-9/11 period? In turn, what comprise the social and political consequences of such strategies? This study argues that the "new" restrictionists successfully framed issues relating to unauthorized noncitizens concerning the cultural, economic, and security risks they posed to the United States. Fifty members from a diverse set of voluntary organizations were interviewed, including the Minuteman Project, the Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR), and the American GI Forum (AGIF). Grounded theory methodology was used to create initial codes, which were then connected with themes derived from the literature. This study finds that grassroots, right-wing RSMs brought attention to contentious noncitizen issues that spurred debate and action within both Democratic and Republicans parties, public discourse, and social policy from after 9/11 to 2012. The success of the 2005 Minuteman Project border patrol demonstrated that the federal government lacked the political will to control the U.S.–Mexico border. This dissertation adds to the social movement literature demonstrating that both classical and solidarity theories of social movements help explain how restrictionists framed unauthorized noncitizen issues. Ultimately, this study finds RSMs represent a right-wing mobilization (rather than conservative) because of their singling out of Mexican unauthorized noncitizens, extra-institutional action on the border, the use of inflammatory rhetoric, and anti-Catholic sentiment, which contributed in pushing the Republican Party further to the right.
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Bansak, Cynthia Anderson. "Essays on labor market discrimination and job stability /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9938593.
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Huuva, Renée, and Özge Koyuncu. "The black housing market - A survey of thegeneral public’s attitude towards the market andpossible solutions." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-146336.
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The aim of this Bachelor of Science thesis is to study the black housing market, its spread and expansion within the Stockholm region. This hidden sort of crime is compromised and organized more than ever before. According to Fastighetsägarna the turnover is over a billion Swedish krona in Stockholm City, Sundbyberg and Solna. The demands of tenancies are at an all-time high and queue is all-time long. There is a housing shortage in the region and very few tenancies are built. Besides the fact that the regulated rent may be a cause, it is also the fact that Sweden today has the highest building costs in the European Union, although the country is one of the most resource-rich. The politics regarding the possibility to be able to live in the inner-city is primitive when the geographical location of the tenancies is not reflected in the rent itself. This leads to a hidden economic value of tenancies that later on are resold in the black housing market. Instead of an increase in the housing market, a creation of a black trade has been formed. Black landlords that sell these tenancies illegally reach out to their buyers through contacts and accommodation adds on forums such as Björnsbytare and Blocket. This Bachelor of Science thesis intends to analyze what this criminality looks like and what alternative ways there are to solve these problems. A questionnaire with over 200 respondents has been made and interviews with representatives from interest organizations have been performed due to the fact that literature within this field is inadequate. Radical actions are needed if the housing market is going to recover. There are various ways of doing this which will be discussed further in this thesis. Most importantly are our results that indicate how a new generation has been raised to think that the black housing market is acceptable. It has become a natural feature in their everyday lives. We need to restore the general public attitude if we ever want to receive a functioning housing market.Syftet med detta kandidatarbete är att studera den svarta bostadsmarknaden samt dess utbredning och attityder som utvecklats i Stockholmsregionen. Denna dolda brottslighet är mer omfattande och organiserad än någonsin. Enligt Fastighetsägarna omsätter den över en miljard kronor i Stockholm City, Sundbyberg och Solna. Efterfrågan på bostäder är rekordhög och kötiderna för hyresrätter i Stockholms innerstad är rekordlånga. Det råder bostadsbrist i regionen och det byggs för få hyresrätter. Det är även så att Sverige idag har de högsta byggkostnaderna i hela EU trots att landet är det ett av de mest resursrika. Politiken kring att alla ska ha möjlighet att bo i innerstaden är primitiv då en hyresrätts geografiska läge inte avspeglas i hyran. Detta leder till ett dolt ekonomiskt värde på hyreskontrakt som sedan säljs vidare svart. Istället för en sund tillväxt på bostadsmarknaden har det skapats en marknad av svarthandel. Svartmäklare når enkelt ut till sina köpare via kontakter och bostadsannonser på forum som Björnsbytare och Blocket. Denna uppsats avser att analysera hur denna brottslighet ser ut, hur den kan åtgärdas och vilka alternativa sätt det finns att lösa problematiken. En enkätundersökning med över 200 svarande har utförts och intervjuer med representanter från intresseorganisationer har genomförts då litteratur kring ämnet är bristfällig. Radikala åtgärder krävs för att återställa marknadens balans. Det finns olika sätt att göra detta på, vilket kommer att diskuteras vidare i denna uppsats. Det allra viktigaste är dock att våra resultat visar hur en ny generation har uppfostrats till att tycka att svarthandeln är ganska okej. Den har blivit ett naturligt inslag i deras vardag. Vi behöver förändra människors värderingar kring detta om vi någonsin ska få en fungerande bostadsmarknad. Den åtgärd som först och främst måste vidtas är att bygga fler hyresrätter. Från politiskt håll finns olika sätt att stimulera bostadsbyggandet.
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Edvinsson, Josefin. "”The life of an American hero was stolen by someone who had no right to be in our country” En kvalitativ innehållsanalys av hur Donald Trump framställer det amerikanska folket och de illegala immigranterna." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-77621.
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During recent years, America’s attitude toward immigrants has become increasingly excluding. Previous research shows that it is common for illegal immigration and crime to be related to one another, although research shows that there is no relationship between them. The president of the United States, Donald Trump, is known for dividing the American people from the illegal immigrants. Therefore, this study analyses how Trump portraits the American people and the illegal immigrants. Further, the study analyses how he divides these groups from each other. The study is based on a qualitative content analysis where six speeches made by Trump is analysed. The results of the study show that Trump positively portrays the American people by saying they possess unique values. Unlike this, he portrays the illegal immigrants as people that commit crimes such as murder and sexual crimes. Trump also portraits the two groups by dividing them from each other. He does this by giving a positive picture of the American people at the same time as he gives a negative picture of the illegal immigrants. Further, he divides the groups by creating a feeling of unity between the American people through talking about shared culture, values, and an unique history.Under de senaste åren har USA:s inställning blivit alltmer exkluderande gentemot immigranter. Tidigare forskning visar att det är vanligt att illegal immigration och brottslighet ställs i relation till varandra trots att forskning visar att det inte finns ett samband däremellan. Amerikas president Donald Trump omtalad för att skapa en uppdelning mellan det amerikanska folket och de illegala immigranterna. I relation till detta analyserar denna studie hur Trump framställer det amerikanska folket och de illegala immigranterna samt hur han separerar grupperna från varandra. Studien är baserad på en kvalitativ innehållsanalys där sex av Trumps tal analyseras. Studiens resultat har visat på att Trump ofta framställer det amerikanska folket på ett positivt sätt genom att säga att deras värderingar är unika. Till skillnad från detta framställs ofta de illegala immigranterna som mördare och sexualförbrytare. Han framställer grupperna även genom att separera dem från varandra genom att ge en positiv bild av det amerikanska folket samtidigt som han ger en negativ bild av de illegala immigranterna. Vidare separerar han grupperna genom att framkalla känslor av gemenskap hos det amerikanska folket genom att tala om att de delar en gemensam kultur, värderingar och historia som är unik.
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Patsyurko, Nataliya. "Circumventing the state : illegal labour migration from Ukraine as a strategy within the informal economy." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115615.
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This thesis examines labour migration as an outcome of the interaction between the state and the informal economy, by considering the trends of contemporary labour migration from Ukraine to Southern Europe. It contends that in both the sending and receiving countries, migration policies either disregard or severely limit labour migration, while their informal economies facilitate the development of migration. This basic contradiction sustains migration flows over time. The main argument of the thesis is that migration develops within the system of interacting informal economies. I demonstrate the embeddedness of migration in the informal economy by using the case of Ukrainian migration to Italy.The role of the informal economy in the development of migration is examined across several dimensions. First, I argue that the recent labour migration from Ukraine emerged as a strategy of the informal economy, continuing the previous strategies of cross-border trading and short-term migration to Central Europe. These economic practices were the innovative responses of the population to the decline of the state economy and to the absence of economic reforms. Migration developed in the space between the state and the market economy.
Second, the flows of labour migration were 'invisible' to states, and developed outside state control and regulation. This thesis demonstrates that the migration policies of the Ukrainian state disregarded the process of out-migration of Ukrainian citizens. Similarly, Italian immigration policies did not recognise the existing flows of labour migration. The informal economy of the receiving state resolved the contradiction between the economic demand for migrant workers and restrictive migration policies and enabled access to the receiving economy.
However, access to the receiving labour market through the informal economy contributed to the disadvantaged incorporation of migrants and prevented their integration into the receiving society. The analysis of economic incorporation demonstrates that the informal economy channelled Ukrainian migrants to the secondary labour market with low earnings, a lack of benefits, and no possibility of professional advancement. The mode of access to the receiving economy and the resulting illegality heavily influenced the position of Ukrainian migrants in the labour market.
Finally, the analysis of Ukrainian labour migration to Italy demonstrates that alternative migration-facilitating institutions were developed in the absence of the state recognition of labour migration. These institutions paralleled the institutions of the official labour markets and allowed migrants to implement income-generating projects. In addition, migration was facilitated by the supporting institutions of the receiving society, which counteracted the restrictive immigration laws and political controls on migration. The migration-supporting institutions were predicated on the strategies of circumventing state control which developed from participation in the informal economy of the sending country. Labour migration from the former Soviet Union would not be possible without these informal practices and the culture of avoiding state control in economic activities.
The proposed analysis answers the challenge posed by the recent Ukrainian labour migration to conventional theories on migration, whose approaches usually omit references to the meso-level of migration processes, and consider either the structural-economic or the micro- determinants of migration. This thesis presents the informal economy both as a structural factor which enables migration and as a characteristic of the migrant agency that facilitates it.
By doing that, the thesis also complements the literature on migration to Southern Europe and argues that migrations are not simply encouraged by the informal economies of the receiving countries, but they emerge from, and are facilitated by, the informal economies of the sending countries. To perpetuate migration migrants creatively use the resources of the informal economy in conjunction with strategies of circumventing the state. This argument holds for a number of ex-Soviet countries, which suffered severe economic crises during the disintegration of the state-controlled socialist economies, and consequently produced significant labour migrations to Western Europe.
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Schrank, Zachary. "An Inverted Market: Niche Market Dynamics Of The Local Organic Food Movement." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/305759.
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The market for local organic foods in the United States has grown tremendously in recent years. Compared to a meager existence just a decade ago, local organic options now flourish through the form of Community Supported Agriculture (CSA), thousands of farmers markets, community cooperative grocery stores, and upscale restaurants. Interestingly, the greatest percentage of growth in farmers markets in the US has occurred in the last 2-3 years during the Great Recession despite economic downturn. This changing nature of agriculture and new developments of alternative niche markets have captured the attention of scholars. Most studies tend to focus on economic, organizational, or even nutritional elements reflected in the food industry. Less emphasis, however, has been devoted to the roles of cultural consumption, values, and desires that have propagated the swift and substantial growth of this movement. Direct sales in local organic niche markets and the CSA model provide an atmosphere for repetitive interpersonal interaction between farmer and buyer around a product infused with shared meaning. I utilize ethnographic data from an extended case of a local organic farm in Southern Arizona and interviews with over 50 of their CSA members. This dissertation addresses how and why both producers and consumers co-produce alternative visions and meanings that sustain a viable local niche food economy. I argue that the members involved in this niche market sector hold unified reactions against the global expansionary aims of food corporations. Inverse to market forces, the cultural and economic ethos driving this movement originates from appreciation for craft production as an expression of commodity de-fetishization, personal investment and embeddedness in local economies, and desires for authenticity in community and consumption.
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Zhao, Shuo. "Underground Banks: The Perspectives of Chinese Illegal Immigrants in Understanding the Role of Chinese Informal Fund Transfer Systems in the United States." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/49816.
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Criminal JusticePh.D.
The financial link in the process of illegal immigration is a little researched domain in the literature. This research is the first exploratory study to examine the role of Chinese-operated informal fund transfer systems in the U.S. in the lives of Chinese illegal migrant workers and their families who remained in China. The primary source of data was in-depth interviews with thirty illegal immigrants in New York City and Philadelphia. The findings show that the emergence of underground banks in the U.S. coincided with the largest waves of Chinese illegal immigrants smuggled into the U.S. since the later 1980s. They served as a preferred means of fund transfer among Chinese illegals due to their unique service, not necessarily because of the clients' illegal status, or any coercive actions by human smuggling groups. Through inductive analysis based on the narrative data, this research is able to trace the trajectory of the evolution of Chinese underground banks over the past decades. The evidence seems to suggest an indirect role played by these illegal fund transfer systems in sustaining transnational illegal labor migration achieved through human smuggling. The research also suggests a declining importance of underground banks and a shift away from their use toward legitimate fund transfer channels among Chinese illegal immigrants since the mid-1990s and a seemingly new role of formal institutions in filling in the vacancy left by underground banks. Finally, the findings suggest that underground banks may have been forced to and have adapted to a narrower and more illicit use.
Temple University--Theses
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Pinchak, Nicolo Paul. "Concentrated Neighborhood and School Poverty and Labor Market Outcomes in Adulthood." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1557150378007065.
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Bendall, Michele Elizabeth. "Who is an American? The Construction of American Identity in the Utah Minuteman Project." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3393.
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The Minuteman Project is a national civilian border patrol group, founded in 2005 to defend the U.S.-Mexico border from "invasion" by illegal immigrants and protest the "blatant disregard of the rule of law" exhibited by government and politicians. This study explores one state chapter of this organization: the Utah Minuteman Project (UMP). The research questions I seek to address are: Who are the Minutemen? What motivates them? How do the Minutemen define what it means to be an American? Using a grounded theory approach, I explore the construction of American identity among the members of the UMP using a range of qualitative data sources: in-depth interviews with 24 individuals, fieldnotes, and primary documents. My findings suggest that what problematizes illegal immigration in the minds of the Minutemen is their view that illegal immigration is a threat to American identity. While illegal immigration and its perceived consequences are the focus of much attention within the UMP, the central motivating factor in the movement relates to the question of who is an American. My findings suggest that American identity, as defined by the Minutemen, can be understood in terms of four main concepts: assimilation, respect for law, work ethic, and patriotism. In many ways, the Minutemen have defined American identity by answering the question of who is not an American. It is against the backdrop of illegal immigration that anti-illegal immigrant movements like the Minutemen have defined themselves, defined America, and defined who is an American. By emphasizing the elements of American identity that stand in most striking contrast to illegal immigration, they exclude undocumented immigrants from American identity. Amidst all the voices seeking to define what it means to be an American, this study contributes another voice and provides a better understanding of how the Minutemen see the world. It is important to that as our country confronts the challenges of immigration reform and answers the question of who is an American, that all voices are heard, including the voices of the Minutemen.
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Richmond, David A. "Niche competition in the occupational labor market: An ecological theory of labor market dynamics." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284273.
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This dissertation models occupational wage using a fusion of the economic model of supply and demand and an ecological theory of social groups. I argue that competition between different occupations for similar workers is a key element in determining the amount of labor supplied to occupations, and therefore also determines wages. The model places occupational groups in niches within a social space composed of the sociodemographic dimensions of age, education, race, and gender. Occupations compete in their niches for members with other occupations in the niche. High levels of competition lead to lower levels of supply, and, therefore, higher wages. This approach challenges a key assumption of current approaches to wage determination, namely that human capital dimensions are the only dimensions relevant to wage outcomes, and that the effect of these dimensions is constant and unidirectional. I address several lacuna evident in previous work. The model I present is the first truly structural model of occupational interdependence. The model treats the set of occupations holistically, as a interdependent system, rather than independently. In addition, I introduce price into the theory of community ecology, which has been heretofore ignored in this work. Finally, this dissertation presents a theory which may explain the so called dual labor market wage effect. Data is taken from nine consecutive years of the Current Population Survey (1983-1991). I estimate the rate of change of supply and demand in the occupational labor market using a simultaneous equations model which incorporates the effect of competition along multiple social dimensions. I estimate both unidimensional effects of competition along age and education and multidimensional effects of competition along age, education, race, and gender simultaneously.
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Heinzová, Ivana. "Práce na černo v České republice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-9217.
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This paper Illicit work in the Czech Republic analyse the reason why this type of labour market comes into being and it's causes and consequential effects. It contains a definition of the illicit work, clarification of the typical characteristics of this type of labour market. In the following part, I focus on reasons why people are looking for illegal jobs and their motivations for entering to the illegal labour market. I have a look on the other side aslo, especially on demanders and their motivations. Then I demonstrate how illegal labour market can be measured. In conslusion this paper shows not only teoretical solution of illictic work but also current activity which are being done in the Czech Republic at the moment.
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Sloane, Mona. "Producing space : investigating spatial design practices in a market moment." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3626/.
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This thesis is an investigation of commercial spatial design practices. It contributes to an emerging sociological and anthropological scholarship on design and is grounded in a studio ethnography of a large London-based architecture and spatial design practice. The analysis is based on an understanding of spatial design as conceptual, problem-solving and form-giving and focusses on the mediating role designers take on. It is framed by a pragmatist approach that highlights the significance of mediation, contextuality and agency in design as situated practice. The purpose of this project is to analyse the complicated set-up of spatial design as creative, material and commercial practice against the backdrop of distinct competitive and regulatory environments. Here, the “market moment” provides the empirical window for investigating how spatial design is premised on linking up creativity, space and commerce. The thesis suggests that studio studies are crucial for retrieving a humanist element in sociological interpretations of (spatial) design to help analyse the significance of materiality and commerciality within design as creative-conceptual work. In the context of an emerging and increasingly politicised design scholarship, this can provide avenues for examining the nuanced forms of design agency as well as design’s entanglement with existing and emerging socio-economic conditions.
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Klebanoff, Benjamin Armand Greenberg. "Increasing the efficiency and efficacy of the war on drugs: Utilizing the STRIDE database to analyze cocaine seizures." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1243981644.
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Denenny, David Timothy. "Cultural Naturalism and the Market God." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2464.
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This work employs John Dewey's cultural naturalism to explore how and why the orthodox economic tradition functions as a religious faith.Scholars such as the theologian Harvey Cox and others now view orthodox economic practice as a religion. Other scholars such as Max Weber, Alasdair MacIntyre, and numerous others view modern economic practice as exemplifying a particular ethic. The focus in this work is placed upon the destructive consequences of practicing the Market faith. This work argues that much of contemporary economic practice maintains a view of science that is incompatible with the kind of naturalism found in Classical American Pragmatism. The history of the development of economics as a religious faith is explored beginning in the seventeenth-century up to the present day. The philosophical assumptions that have composed this relatively new faith are analyzed in detail. The conclusion provides an account of what we may hope for in the future.
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Evans, Matthew P. "Unraveling in the sociology job market: 1981-2003 1981-2003 /." Connect to resource, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/6577.
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Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2006.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages: contains 28 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 28). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.
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Lagace, Vincent. "Financing rural producer organizations: Assessing market innovations." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28895.
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Rural producer organizations are being increasingly recognized for their efforts in improving the livelihoods of small farmers across the developing world. Caught between microfinance and commercial banks, these organizations however often struggle to access the necessary funds to bring their product to market or finance much-needed infrastructure.
In recent years, a growing recognition of the problem has led to the emergence of a new generation of specialized financial institutions (commonly called alternative lenders). Using innovative supply-chain oriented strategies such as reverse factoring, these lenders aim to catalyze the emergence of local financial markets that meet the needs of rural producer organizations. This thesis evaluates the need for these financial innovations, their impact as well as the business case for lending to rural producer organizations. This assessment is achieved through documentary research, literature review and three case studies of coffee rural producer organizations in the Mexican states of Oaxaca, Veracruz and Chiapas.
This thesis concludes that although a RPO financing gap was indeed identified in Mexico in the early 2000s, this gap was found to be receding in recent years due to the Mexican government's success in encouraging commercial lending to the sector through FIRA, a second-tier development bank, and changes in the financial regulatory framework allowing the rise of two categories of non-bank financial institutions, the SOFOL and SOFOM.
The study also found a business case for profitable lending to rural producer organizations. All three studied organizations, despite their challenges, were found to be dynamic businesses with financing needs undoubtedly beyond what the microfinance market has to offer. This thesis however identifies several risk factors for potential lenders: vulnerability to price fluctuations and local competition, the politicized nature of RPOs, dependence on public and private subsidies as well as low internal capacity in financial management and accounting.
This thesis evaluated the impact of recent financial innovations to be moderately positive at worst and transformational at best on rural producer organizations. The loans provided by alternative lenders allowed the organizations to gain precious credit experience while capitalizing on market opportunities that could have otherwise been out of reach.
Finally, this thesis concluded by suggesting a few strategies that could be used by alternative lenders to maximize their impact, including adjusting their interest rates to market conditions, working with local financial institutions, diversifying their client base, taking more risks, strengthening RPO capacity through capacity-building programs and leveraging RPO internal credit funds to unlock underserved rural microfinance markets.
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Yates, David. "Continuity through change : urban ecology in a south London market." Thesis, University of Kent, 2015. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/51581/.
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This research works to demonstrate how different descriptions of place and identity can be understood as being co-constructed. Specifically, how this process facilitates market to be adaptable, more resilient, type of place. It is an exploration of the notion that ‘People make places and places make people’. In order to illustrate the process of research and knowledge development, the first two chapters of this thesis demonstrate a progression of the research subject. Chapter 1 sets out the key characteristics and similarities of both place and identity presented across a range of disciplines and theories. It concludes that these similarities indicate a need for a theoretical development capable of encompassing the process of construction of both concepts. Chapter 2 begins to develop the theoretical approach by looking at a short background on the previous work on markets. Further, this chapter develops the approach taken that focuses on the material culture found in and around markets. This focus is structured by a focus on Actor Network Theory and specifically focuses on how this helps us understand distributed agency and what this might look like for an understanding of place and identity. In light of the subject and theory explored in the previous chapters, Chapter 3 provides the philosophical and methodological underpinning of this thesis. The chapter lays out how and why markets were chosen and provides the framework of the methodology including coding analysis, participant observation and ethical considerations. Following the phenomenological 12 tradition, such an account works to describe the complexity of interconnected events, highlighting the process of construction through interpretive account. The results chapters are highly descriptive and cover the key themes of resilience, connectivity and selection. The final results chapter focuses on the process of ‘stalling out’ as a performative one – the practice of which holds the construction of both individual and place identity. The four results chapters combine descriptive text and photographic images taken by the researcher and informants. Finally, the last chapter provides a very short summary and suggests that markets and people can be understood as very similar systems.
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Hedegard, Danielle A. "Racialized Cultural Capital and Inequality: A Comparative Study of Blackness in Brazil's Tourism Market." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203431.
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In my dissertation, I argue that blackness is an accumulable cultural resource that perpetuates racial and class inequality. The overarching question I ask is what determines who benefits from blackness, black bodies or dominant resources? To answer this question, I first develop a framework that integrates cultural capital theory with two streams of research within the sociology of race - `racialization' and `race as a resource.' Next, I demonstrate my argument and address secondary theoretical goals - in globalization and race in Brazil, with an empirical study in the context of cultural tourism.I examine how individuals transform capoeira into a racialized cultural resource through connections to symbols of blackness and the meanings these symbols provoke, within the tourism market in Salvador, Brazil. Capoeira is a globally popular Brazilian martial art often linked to blackness, which brings American and European tourists together with Brazilian practitioners in an interactive setting. Cosmopolitan consumers now interpret cultural symbols of racial difference, including blackness, as valuable, and tourism exemplifies the growing value of racial otherness. Salvador, Brazil is a central site in the framing of blackness for cosmopolitan consumers. Tourist settings allow me to examine how individuals acquire embodied cultural capital through experience with cultural others. Scholars connect Brazil's extreme social inequality to race and class, and they reveal a profound ambiguity over racialized cultural heritage in Brazil. This creates a context where Brazilians of diverse racial and class backgrounds can benefit from racialized culture.How do racial meanings emerge as tourists and Brazilians interact, how does blackness becomes valuable as valuable a social, cultural, or economic resource for producers and consumers, and which actors benefit from this racialized cultural capital? I answer these questions through comparative participant observation and interviews at two capoeira studios. Long-term participant observation allows me to focus on the embodiment of experiences and the how of cultural valorization. Comparative ethnography best provides insight into how individuals, groups, and organizations put cultural capital to practical use to control and limit resources, allowing for two layers of analysis - one, of interactional meaning making and cultural enactment and the other, a cross-group comparison of these micro-level processes.
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Mellott, Leanna M. "Are Daughters from Female-Headed Households Disadvantaged in the Labor Market? A Perspective from 1920." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1396359607.
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Saeidi, Ali Asghar. "Sociological obstacles to the development of a market economy in Iran 1960-1996." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300837.
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Vogel, Isabel. "The labour market, gender and rapid social change in Chile : working women's experiences." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267233.
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Zhang, Ye. "The sociological analysis of globalization and labour market outcomes reconsidered." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95165.
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Sociologists are interested in examining the relations between globalization and a range of labour market outcomes, including earnings inequality. Common approaches include studying the impact of globalization on the welfare state, and the effects of import competition and foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows. This thesis examines the effects of exporting, foreign ownership (FDI inflow), and outsourcing with particular emphasis on exporting on i) workplace productivity; ii) worker compensation; iii) the demand for skills and the pay of employees with different skill levels; and iv) employer-provided training. While sociological writings have largely treated productivity as a concept to be attacked, or simply ignored, this thesis discusses the meaning of productivity and addresses issues of its measurement. It highlights the productivity-wages link based on human capital theory, and argues that a necessary step in understanding the relations between globalization and earnings inequality is to look closely at the relationship between globalization and productivity. The four papers find evidence that i) exporting and foreign ownership have strong positive effects on productivity; ii) pay is substantially tied to productivity, and prolonged exposure to export markets and foreign ownership are associated with higher total compensation; iii) employees with higher skills are concentrated in workplaces that are exposed to international markets, and they are paid more than comparably skilled employees in workplaces that are not exposed to international markets; iv) exporters provide more training, most plausibly to make possible the innovation required to compete internationally. The results of the four papers also reinforce each other. First, the process of absorption of best practice in foreign markets, the technological and financial advantages associated with foreign ownership, the adoption of global supply chains, the employment of a workforce with higherLes sociologues sont intéressés par l'examen des relations entre mondialisation et une série de résultats sur le marché du travail, incluant les inégalités salariales. Les approches communes incluent l'étude de l'impact de la mondialisation sur l'état providence, et les effets de la concurrence des importations et de l'investissement étranger direct (IÉD). La présente thèse examine les effets de l'exportation, de la propriété étrangère (entrées d'IÉD), et de la sous-traitance en portant une attention particulière sur l'exportation sur i) la productivité en milieu de travail; ii) le salaire et les avantages sociaux; iii) la demande de compétences et la paye des employés avec différents niveaux de compétence; et iv) la formation fournie par l'employeur. Alors que les écrits sociologiques ont largement attaqué le concept de productivité ou l'ont tout simplement ignoré, la présente thèse s'attarde à la signification de la productivité et les enjeux liés à sa mesure. On y met en relief le lien entre productivité et salaire basé sur la théorie du capital humain, et soutient qu'une étape nécessaire dans la compréhension des relations entre mondialisation et inégalité des gains est de s'attarder à la relation entre mondialisation et productivité. Les quatre articles démontrent que i) l'exportation et la propriété étrangère ont des effets positifs marqués sur la productivité; ii) la paye est fortement reliée à la productivité, et des expositions prolongées aux marchés internationaux et à la propriété étrangère sont associées à une plus grande rémunération; iii) les employés hautement qualifiés se retrouvent surtout dans des milieux de travail exposés aux marchés internationaux, et sont mieux payés que des employés aussi qualifiés qui travaillent dans des milieux de travail non exposés aux marchés internationaux; iv) les milieux de travail impliqués dans l'exportation fournissent plus de form
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Kiester, Elizabeth. "Mothers on the Market: Employer Hiring Practices and Motherhood Penalties." DigitalCommons@USU, 2014. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2771.
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Recent scholars have identified a phenomenon known as the motherhood wage penalty with research demonstrating that women with children face wage discrepancies beyond those associated with being female. This project adds to our understanding of non-wage-related penalties by investigating two distinct gatekeeping stages: screening and interviewing. I asked do employer hiring practices create barriers to mothers’ access to jobs? To answer this question, I used a novel mixed-methods approach, combining a dual-state audit study with qualitative employer interviews. I framed my study using the status theory of motherhood, which suggests that whenever motherhood is salient in the labor market, mothers will face discrimination. This study is the first of its kind in the field of motherhood and organizational discrimination. In phase one, I completed an audit study in two states: Utah and California. Each week, I applied for 10 jobs in each state using two fictitious applicants for a total of 40 resumes per week. This resulted in 960 applications (480 companies) over a 24-week period. I then randomly selected employers in each state for a total of 27 interviews, allowing me to speak directly with hiring managers regarding their employment practices.
Throughout this project I identified employer bias at both the screening and interviewing stages. This included three key mechanisms: employers’ ideal expectations for their workers, the subjective assessment of both soft skills and family responsibilities, and the employment gap inquiry. Findings also varied by state suggesting that the salience of motherhood may be impacted by larger cultural and policy contexts resulting in varied labor market outcomes.
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Chen, Chien-Fu. "Household poverty, labor market and State intervention - a longitudinal analysis of poverty in Taiwan (1984 and 1992) /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487861796818854.
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Varese, Federico. "The emergence of the Russian mafia : dispute settlement and protection in a new market economy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359981.
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Reid, Lori Lynn. "Race, gender, and the labor market: Black and white women's employment." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282540.
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Historically, black women's employment levels have exceeded those for white women. However, looking only at young cohorts of women, the employment levels of black and white women were equal by 1969, and by 1991 white women's employment greatly exceeded black women's employment. If this continues to be true for successive new cohorts, it suggests that, overall, white women will soon be working at significantly higher rates than black women for the first time in history. Identifying the determinants of women's employment today becomes an important issue not only for explaining the factors that affect labor market outcomes but also for explaining the prospects for black and white women in the labor market. Utilizing the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, I use event history methods to analyze the determinants of black and white women's employment in the contemporary U.S., and explain any race gaps in employment that emerge. My findings suggest that a race gap in the hazard of part-time employment exists among women in which the rate of part-time employment is lower for black than white women. This gap is explained by race differences in human capital and past welfare receipt. A race gap in the hazard of full-time employment exists among unmarried women in which the rate of full-time employment is lower for black than white women. This gap is explained by race differences in age, human capital, and past welfare receipt. I find that opportunities and constraints provided by the local economic environment, human capital, family structure, and past welfare receipt are an important influence on black and white women's employment.
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Hedström, Veronica, Emelie Pettersson, and Emma Strand. "National drug trafficking providing a local drug market in a medium-sized city in Sweden with illegal drugs : A mixed method study." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för samhällsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-31968.
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Introduction: The Police in Sundsvall has identified a problem of an open drug market in the inner city of Sundsvall. Behind an open drug market there is an organization that consists of several steps. Internet also contributes to a drug trafficking. There is research about how the illegal drugs arrive to Sweden, but no research about what happens with the drugs after they have entered Sweden. Aim: The study aimed to examine how the national drug trafficking provides an illegal local drug market in Sundsvall with illegal drugs in a medium sized city in the middle of Sweden. In order to do so, the researchers studied the most common illegal drugs that are transported to the local market and how the illegal drugs arrive to the local market. Method: This study has a mixed method design and are divided into three parts. The first part is quantitative and consists of statistics from the Board of Customs. The second part is qualitative and consists of interviews with professionals from the Police and Customs and also with former drugs dealers and one heavy user. The third part is also qualitative and consists of interviews from Postnord, DHL, the Customs and the Police. Results: It was concluded in the results that cannabis and amphetamine were the most common illegal drugs on the local market in Sundsvall. It was also found that there are no specific routes that the illegal drugs are transported along to Sundsvall. It rather depends on the contacts that each local seller in Sundsvall has. Internet and the logistic companies were found to play an important role regarding the means for transportation. Discussion: The consequences and underlying causes of the phenomena was discussed. Also, two criminological theories were applied in order to explain what motivates people to involve in the transportation of illegal drugs to the local market and thus why illegal drugs are transported.2017-06-01
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Haddon, Leslie G. "The roots and early history of the British home computer market : origins of the masculine micro." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7198.
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Simoonga, Rockiner Kenneth. "Towards refugee labour market integration: the case of Sweden." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-83460.
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The Swedish integration policy has for a considerable time focused on the labour market integration in which different actors such as the Swedish Public Employment Service, Migration Agency, Municipalities, counties as well as non-governmental organisations and the churches come to play different roles in refugee integration. Refugees are introduced to the Swedish labour market and have their skills and educational qualifications validated by the Swedish Public Employment Service in preparation for the labour market. However, amidst this welcoming gesture towards refugees by the Swedish government, there is a growth in the anti-immigrant movements in Sweden posing a threat to refugee employability. The aim of this thesis, therefore, was to examine the major successes and challenges of the refugee integration policy in the Swedish labour market in relation to refugee employability. This was a qualitative study in which both primary and secondary data sources were used. A snowball strategy was used in identifying 8 respondents. The data was collected using an open ended survey and thematic analysis was eventually conducted. The study has revealed that the Swedish Integration Policy to a lesser extent helps refugees in finding employment in the Swedish labour market despite addressing language challenges and validation of skills and educational qualifications of the refugees. Based on secondary and primary data, many respondents found their employment through their social networks. It can therefore be concluded that social networks play the main role in refugee employability in the Swedish labour market which is often against policy and formal expectations. Refugees’ labour market integration opportunities are also determined by non -policy factors including stereotypes and prejudice.
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Cousin-Gossett, Nicole Marie. "The Sustainability of the North American Fair Trade Market." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/100271.
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SociologyPh.D.
Extreme poverty remains a persistent problem across the globe. Academics, practitioners, politicians and activists have sought ways to address this persistent problem. Traditional approaches to dealing with endemic poverty have centered around international aid and trade. The band aid approach of using aid alone to alleviate poverty has, at best, been ineffectual. International trade has also often been used as a means to increase the economic standing of an impoverished country. Trade has the potential to increase a country's economic position (e.g., gross domestic product) however it does not necessarily reduce poverty. It has become apparent that more effect means of reducing poverty are needed. In recent years, several bottom-up alternative approaches have emerged. Fair Trade is one such approach that seeks to balance the inequalities of traditional trade and provide a market where those on the bottom can participate more fully and fairly in economic enterprise. This study investigates the state of the alternative form of trade known as Fair Trade. Specifically, this study examines the development, functioning, and sustainability of the North American Fair Trade market. Realistically speaking, Fair Trade, which accounts for only a very small percentage of global trade, currently does not appear to be a replacement for traditional free trade. However, this study investigates if the Fair Trade market has the potential to become an important component of general efforts (e.g., by the United Nations and World Bank) to raise the living standards of the world's poor and function as an alternative market to the traditional free trade market. Two key areas of the market were examined in this study to ascertain the sustainability of the Fair Trade market. Specifically, the financial sustainability of the Fair Trade market was assessed. Quantitative data on sales and growth of Fair Trade goods over the past several decades was compiled to illustrate the relative significance and the future prospects of this market's financial status. These data were supplemented with an analysis of the financial records of available years of operation from a sample of Fair Trade businesses. Also, the organizational structure of the Fair Trade market was examined to ascertain the operational sustainability of the market. Organizational data were compiled to identify the business choices made by Fair Trade businesses. Results suggest that financially the North American Fair Trade market is growing at or above the pace of comparable non-Fair Trade businesses. Further, this study highlights a distinct and largely self sustaining organizational structure of the North American Fair Trade market.
Temple University--Theses
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Adib, Faishol. "Living with Uncertainty: The Experience of Undocumented Indonesian Migrant Workers in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania." Ohio : Ohio University, 2010. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1276052357.
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Frerichs, Sabine. "The Rule of the Market: Economic Constitutionalism Understood Sociologically." Cambridge University Press, 2017. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5711/1/Frerichs_2017_Rule%2Dof%2Dthe%2Dmarket_submitted%2Dversion.pdf.
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Setting out from the works of Max Weber and Karl Polanyi, this chapter outlines a sociology of economic constitutionalism. The starting point is a functional definition of economic constitution as the law constituting the market order, no matter if it is public or private, national or international, official or informal law. Economic constitutionalism is understood as a system of thought, which emphasises the role of a liberal economic constitution in integrating the global economy. Adapting Weber's ideal-typical method, the economic constitution is conceived as a constitutional ideal type, next to juridical constitution, political constitution, social constitution, and security constitution. Sociologically speaking, these ideal types capture different constitutional rationalities, which are all culturally significant but not equally successful in the global age. Drawing on Polanyi's work, which exposes the self-regulating market as an artefact of economic thinking, the argument proceeds by highlighting the constitutive role of economics in constructing the law of the globalised market society. After economic law came to be embedded in national welfare states in the twentieth century, economic constitutionalism furthers the opening up of national laws and economies. In contrast to the rule of law, the rule of the market is inherently transnational in character.
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Kposowa, Augustine Joseph. "The effects of immigration on the United States labor market, 1940 to 1980 : earnings depression, native displacement, and economic dependence /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487683049376547.
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Kočan, Michal. "Nelegálne operácie a praktiky na kapitálovom trhu v Českej republike." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-198406.
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Gaining investor's trust is fundamental feature in any successful capital market. Unfortunately, this is the most attacked point by various types of illegal transactions, practices or unethical behaviour in nowadays society. The aim of this diploma thesis is to examine the function of investment intermediaries and their tied agents and to analyse financial frauds practiced by them. Iniquities of these participants disrupt trust in the capital market as well as natural development. Capital market in the Czech Republic is relatively young industry in the financial sector which is searching for a way to excellent performance by means of changes, regulations, measures of the law etc., therefore I consider fighting against this kind of practices as a very important matter. At the end of this diploma thesis I try to propose solutions to the issue in the form of better regulation and more ethical business of investment intermediaries of the capital market in the Czech Republic.
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Thornton, Margaret Mary. "The kinds of work and divisions of labour this century : a survey of Bellingham, a border market town." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386313.
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King, Brayden G. "CONSTRUCTING PERCEPTIONS OF VALUE: CORPORATE ACQUISITIONS IN THE COMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRIES, 1997-2002." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1176%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Berg, Aleksey. "Russian Poetry in the Marketplace: 1800-1917, and Beyond." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10972.
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My dissertation explores ways in which poetic utterances actually do speak against the received idea of poetry as an atemporal and unearthly genre and subtly present their own social and economic agendas. I read the canonical and non-canonical texts of nineteenth- and twentieth-century Russian poetry with an eye for uncovering the economic and social dynamics of these texts, unveiling their intricate and complicated relations to issues of censorship, copyright, professionalization of literature and the literary market, fashion, marital conventions and practices, the transition from gentry-oriented literature to a bourgeois reading public, formation of national identity, imperial conquests, etc. I argue that poetry in the nineteenth century often did engage the relevant issues of the day, just as the novel did, but it was (and is) the dominant mode of reading that prevents us from recognizing the political and economic inventory of verse. I focus on situations of implicit dialogue, where poetic texts respond to or engage the themes and ideas upheld by the novelistic tradition and often promote a very different, or at least an unfamiliar, disposition of forces in society. My dissertation argues for a new practical mode of reading poetry, a mode of reading which goes against the grain of both the existing scholarship on poetry and also the self-imposed vow of being "somewhat stupid," of refusing or being unable to converse about and investigate social, economic, and political realia.Slavic Languages and Literatures
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Alyass, Patrik, and William Samuelsson. "Hur svenska myndigheterna begränsas då de ska agera mot illegal verksamhet på Darknet : -Definition samt myndigheters påverkan -Svenska lagstiftningens begränsningar på myndigheternas arbete." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-42468.
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Darknet är en del av den djupa webben, som är en icke indexerad del av internet. Det används för olika ändamål, till exempel att köpa läkemedel och finansiell information. Tillgången till Darknet kan vara anonym genom att använda TOR och Bitcoin. Anonymiteten vid webbsökning under användandet av Darknet kommer påverka bevis för myndigheter. Således kan det ha en möjlig effekt på brottsbekämpande arbete, särskilt angående digitalt kriminaltekniskt arbete, utifrån begränsningen av tillgängliga data. Således syftar denna studie till att fastställa vad de svenska myndigheterna arbetar med för att stoppa illegala aktiviteter som utförs med hjälp av Darknet, i samband med begränsningarna från svensk lagstiftning. Studien kommer att genomföras med hjälp av intervjuer med polis, advokat, köpare och tullen för att få deras insikt och åsikt om det valda ämnet. Medan statistiska uppgifter kommer från undersökningar med kunniga respondenter från forum. På grund av detta kan arbetet fungera som en väsentlig förståelse för hur Darknet kan påverka nutiden och framtida brottsutredningar. Ytterligare arbete måste utföras i området för att lösa potentiella implikationer, eftersom detta arbete endast examinerar om det finns påverkanDarknet is a part of the Deep web, which an unindexed section of the internet. It is in use forvarious purposes, e.g., buying drugs and financial information. The access to Darknet can besubstantially anonymous by using TOR and bitcoin. Given anonymity for web browsing, it will directly impact evidence about illicit purchases. So, itmay have a possible effect on law enforcement work, particularly on digital forensic work due tothe limitation of data available. Thus, this study aims to determine what the Swedish government isdoing to stop Darknet trading, along with the limitations from Swedish regulations. The focus is thus on criminal prosecution and criminal investigation. The study will be throughconducting interviews with police, lawyer, buyer, and border control to get et their insight andopinion on the chosen topic. Statistical data is from conducting surveys with knowledgeablerespondents from forums. Due to this, the work can serve as an essential understanding of how Darknet may impact presentand future criminal investigations. Additional work must be done in the area to solve the potentialimplications, due to this work only examines if there are any impacts
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Prince, Barbara F. "Sexual Minorities and Social Context: An Examination of Union Formation, Labor Market Outcomes, and Coming Out." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1530121583412651.
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Flake, Collin Read. "Dismissed with Prejudice: Gender Inequality in the Utah Legal Market." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3041.
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With the increasing feminization of the legal profession in the United States over the last half century, past research has documented the prevalence and transformation of gender inequality in law firms. However, relatively little is known about gender inequality in small, conservative legal markets like Utah. This thesis examines data from the 2008-2009 Utah Attorney Advancement and Retention Survey. The analyses indicate that relative to their male colleagues, women earned less in 2007 and are less likely to procure higher quality job assignments than their peers. The most promising explanations for these disparities include employment sector, gender and motherhood statuses, and year of bar admittance. Contrary to the results of past work, analyses find little or no effect for several traditional predictors of gender gaps including marital status, mentoring, tokenism, firm size, and hours billed. Open-ended responses reveal that while overt discrimination exists to some degree in Utah firms, most inequitable treatment has taken on subtle forms such as exclusion from the "good old boys" network, perpetuation of traditional gender roles and stereotypes, and differential opportunity paths and structures.
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Adorna, Luzeta C. "Essays on unemployment, marginal attachment and married women in the labor market." Related electronic resource:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1410677851&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3739&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Johnson, Kecia Renee. "Prison, Race and Space: The Impact of Incarceration on Career Trajectories and Labor Market Outcomes." NCSU, 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04082003-134952/.
Full textAbstract:
There are a number of reasons to expect that incarceration will have long-term, negative consequences for economic/labor market success, and that the consequences may be especially acute for minority ex-offenders. This study replicates and extends Bruce Western?s research on the impact of incarceration for wage mobility. I integrate Western?s life course approach to examining the impact of incarceration with a discussion of stratification processes that produce inequality in employment and earnings outcomes. I hypothesize that incarceration results in career earnings penalties over and above those associated with foregone human capital accumulation. I suspect that incarceration contributes to a decline in earnings for minority ex-offenders. At the individual level, I replicate Western?s research by estimating fixed-effects models to examine wages across the career trajectories of white, Latino and African American men from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth for 1979-1998. When estimating these models, I test whether human capital accumulation that occurs inside or outside the labor market mediates the incarceration-earnings relationship. Furthermore, I examine how local labor market characteristics influence ex-offender career trajectories. I propose that prison records, race/ethnicity and spatial characteristics such as, violent crime rates, unemployment rates, minority concentration, and residential segregation influence the job prospects of workers within metropolitan areas. At the spatial level, I estimate random effects models to examine how local labor market characteristics shape the earnings trajectories of white, Latino and African American male ex-offenders. The individual level results supported the hypotheses that incarceration has a negative effect on earnings and that ex-offenders have lower earnings trajectories than non-offenders. This study did not replicate Western?s finding that the earnings penalty experienced by those who had been incarcerated varies by race/ethnicity. The spatial analysis results suggest that the prison effect on wages is not influenced by the spatial characteristics associated with the local labor market. However, the results indicate that the spatial characteristics of the labor market influence race/ethnicity wage disparities across the career. This study makes a contribution to the existing literature on the consequences of incarceration by linking attributes of ex-offenders, emergent career dynamics and local labor market prospects within a stratification framework.