Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sociology-Anthropology'
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1
Dal, Pezzo Rolando. "Photography, sociology & anthropology." FIU Digital Commons, 1999. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2708.
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An analysis of the social research done to date using photographs shows that photography, although used both in anthropology and sociology for data collection, as visual evidence and illustration, in photoelicitation or in time-studies, has not been fully exploited as an aid to see further and deeper in the social arena. Most social researchers still perceive photography as being simultaneously too complicated as a research aid and too creative and therefore unscientific to use as a research method.
This project is exploratory and argumentative and not directed towards the formulation of a model. I propose that the camera is the proper tool to obtain more precise, detailed, and complete date, to uncover and clarify meaning, to investigate and clarify the research question, and to help in the presentation of the results of social investigation. Therefore the camera should become more accepted as a tool for the modern social researcher notwithstanding its creative component and even because of it. Indeed, as any individual in a culture oversaturated with images, although trained to observe precisely and record objectively, the social scientist has learned to see only a few v things while editing and blocking out the rest. The camera, because of its ability to record the world with richness of detail, is the proper tool to obtain a more precise and more complete visual documentation, which is essential for an accurate reconstruction of meaning.
Lastly, I propose that the sociologist-anthropologist who accepts the challenge of integrating photography in his work should become also a skilled photographer, cultivating with practice the ability to intuitively perceive potential opportunities that may escape direct observation and developing a visual and emotional acuity that bridges the gap between intuition and the physical limitations of human perception. This new skill seems to be the result of an inner propensity to visual investigation combined with photographic practice and systematic studying of the history of photography and represents a jump of sophistication in the use of photography in more creative ways in social research, both conceptually and technically.
In looking at the body of work produced in visual social research as well as in photographic social analysis, it seems that the most successful and compelling outcomes have been produced by authors who explored the unique opportunities of in depth analysis offered by the synergy of images and text to conduct a social, autoethnographic or psychological discourse. This appears to me a most promising area of development for the immediate future of visual social research.
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Alpar, Danende Z. "The Format As An Iron Cage: Writing In Sociology And Anthropology." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611183/index.pdf.
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This thesis analyzes the prevailing formats of writing in sociology or anthropology that are considered scientific. For whom are sociology and anthropology texts written, and who are the readers of these texts? How does this format of writing that constitutes a text as scientific influence the text-reader relationship?
In discussing this, the legitimate ways of writing of sociology and anthropology are presented together with what scientificity brings. the reflexive critique that looks at sociology and anthropology with the very methods of these disciplines is explained in its main lines. within this debate, the importance of the question "whom the texts produced in these sciences are intended for?"
is analyzed. This is followed by a discussion of the conditions that enabled the constitution of the conventional forms of expression in sciences. The concept of paradigm as proposed by Thomas Kuhn is used to explain the formation of these conditions.
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Lopez, Lydda. "Vowels in the 305: A First Pass at Miami Latino English." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1797.
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In this paper, I present preliminary findings of the first-large scale, systematic study of English Latino vowels in Miami. Sociolinguistic interviews were conducted with 25 Miami-born participants: 10 Anglo Whites and 15 Latinos with varying degrees of Spanish fluency. Here I focus on the vowel quality (/i, ɪ, ai, æ, ɔ, u /) in the speech of the 2nd and 3rd generations to examine the nature of influence of Spanish on English in Miami over the past 60 years. I conduct an in-depth analysis of the vowel productions of two female speakers, Maria & Blaze, to show the range of vowel productions in Miami Latino English. The vocalic analysis is comprised of a minimum of 15 non-repeating tokens of each vowel. These vowels were extracted from interview data and analyzed for F1, F2, and F3 values using PRAAT. Two allophones of /æ/ were considered: pre-nasal and pre-non-nasal, since Latinos in other regions have shown to resist pre-nasal /æ/ raising (Thomas 2001).
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Freiman, Jonathan. "Journeying towards America: an anthropological inquiry into what we think is real." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1316099704.
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Botengan, Mary Ann Pollisco. "Organization of household labor in agroforestry systems: Philippine cases." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185236.
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Agroforestry, though old as man, is a relatively new concept in land and natural resource management. Agroforestry "offers a means of bringing the activities of rural people into greater harmony with the environment by developing a complementary association between trees and agricultural crops" (Ffolliott and Thames, 1983). The capabilities of a people to sustain a system is a fundamental knowledge that resource managers should be equipped with. This study specifically investigated on household labor allocation in three different agroforestry systems, to qualitatively determine whether agroforestry is a viable natural resource management alternative that provides a compromise to government interests of conserving the natural resources, and supplementing and/or providing for a people's needs; and to establish the capabilities of a people to sustain agroforestry by analyzing household labor allocation patterns. The study was conducted in the Northern Philippines and data was gathered summer of 1989. Primary data gathering techniques were utilized, as well as secondary data. Agroforestry was found to be a viable land and natural resource management alternative. However, while natural resources are being managed, certain considerations should be made on: historical antecedents that give rise to the manner by which agroforestry is practiced, existing land use practices, and human activities present in the area. Aside from biophysical constraints, household labor allocation largely explains the nature of the agroforestry system. Labor allocation in Barangay Ambassador is flexible, and is affected by the availability of household labor, and the nature of the activities engaged in by the households, as well as the importance attached to the cited activities.
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Dasli, Maria. "Developing Intercultural Competence through the Disciplines of Sociology and Anthropology : British Studies and Year Abroad Modules in Focus." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518798.
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Sophocleous, Andry. "Language attitudes towards the Greek-Cypriot dialect : social factors contributing to their development and maintenance." Thesis, Kingston University, 2009. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20260/.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate language attitudes towards the Greek Cypriot Dialect (GCD). This however, can only be achieved if language attitudes towards GCD are examined in relation to language attitudes towards Standard Modern Greek (SMG), the official language of the Republic of Cyprus. Empirical studies in the Greek-Cypriot (GC) setting demonstrate that GCs evaluate their peers more positively when they speak in SMG and less so when they use GCD (Papapavlou 1998, 2001). Hence, the primary questions guiding this research are why GCs evaluate their dialect and its speakers less positively than speakers of SMG and what are the factors contributing to this devaluation. This research is important as not only does it add to the existing literature as regards language attitudes in Cyprus, but it also attempts to examine whether negative language attitudes towards GCD are developed in primary and secondary education and supported by teachers in those settings. Consequently, to study GCs' language attitudes towards GCD it is vital to examine what goes on in the learning environment and whether teachers indeed contribute to GCs' devaluation of the dialect. A variety of mixed research methods were employed in tertiary, secondary, and primary education to examine language attitudes towards language variation and language use. The findings arising from this project suggest that SMG is associated with competence dimensions, whereas GCD is more closely connected with social attractiveness (see Chapters 5 and 6). Nonetheless as proposed in later Chapters, these findings are not merely an outcome of the stance education holds towards the non-standard variety, but also partly an outcome of GCs' bonds of brotherhood with Greeks, the love for their “mother land” ([Mu][eta][tau][epsilon][rho][alpha] [Iota][iota][alpha][tau][rho][iota][delta]) Greece, and the religion they strongly profess to the Orthodox Christian Church (see Vanezis 2000). Hence the need to ‘be’ and ‘feel’ Greek encompasses the need to ‘speak’ Greek.
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Goepel, Helen Francis. "Children of the poor of Kingston-upon-Thames, 1834-1882." Thesis, Kingston University, 2010. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20265/.
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This thesis examines the children of Kingston's poor during the middle decades of the nineteenth century by bringing together a number of inter-related themes which in many previous studies have been treated separately. Through applying partial reconstitution techniques to a wide range of source materials, various aspects of children's lives in poverty are analysed and given greater context and meaning. Rather than viewing the child simply as an element in workhouse history, or as a slum-dweller or in employment, this research, by studying individual childhood experiences, focuses on children as members of the wider community. The research findings emphasise the value of a local study, as generalisations and received ideas can be tested against the practical experience of a market town during the mid- to later- nineteenth century, when the country as a whole adjusted to rapid population growth and economic progress. The Kingston-upon-Thames Poor Law Union, the administrative and geographic locality for this research, developed from being broadly rural in the opening years of the study into an increasingly suburban and retailing area, whilst the surrounding villages varied in character, whether purely rural, river-focussed, or concerned with a local industry. Research into the lives of children living in poverty within this diverse locality offers an opportunity to consider and compare strategies, both formal and informal, to deal with child poverty in use throughout the country. The range of choices and decisions open to parents, officials, administrators and children themselves, plus the effect of differing local conditions, geography and employment, remind us that there can be no typical experience which can speak for the whole of England. Within this thesis appear individual experiences of poverty, abandonment, overcrowded dwellings, disease, ill-treatment, and much suffering. Yet also highlighted are acts of benevolence, understanding, chance opportunities, and successful futures. Above all, the thesis has set out to rescue otherwise historically absent individuals from obscurity and give them a meaningful place in the historical record.
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Gallaher, Kelsey A. "Invisible Violence and Inequality: Understanding the Challenges that Affect Women." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1556924992942537.
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Suganuma, Nicole K. "An Ethnography of the Twitch.TV Streamer and Viewer Relationship." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10840336.
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This thesis explores the extent to which Twitch.TV streamers and viewers influence each other and the social and economic capital exchange that occurs between the parties. For this study, influence will be defined as the extent to which streamers and viewers affect each other’s behavior and emotions. Bourdieu’s (1977) theory of practice is combined with Goffman’s (1959) dramaturgical analysis to analyze how both parties perform in ways to gain social/economic capital. The limited amount of studies conducted on live streaming video gamers has typically occurred outside the field of anthropology or has not specifically focused on the viewer/streamer relationship. This study contributes to the expanding body of anthropological research on live streaming websites and how influence occurs in relationships that are formed online. The main finding being that monetary gain is not as large of a factor in streamers incentive to stream as does social capital and connecting with others.
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King, Lindsey. "Spiritual Currency in Northeast Brazil." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/180.
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This book examines the spiritual community of the followers of St. Francis of Wounds in the town of Canindé in northeast Brazil. Their tradition involves pilgrimage and the practice of crafting unique offerings in payment for healing and reversal of bad fortune--a practice predating Christianity and brought to the new world by explorers and early European colonial powers. King argues that these marginalized Brazilians, living in a region where poverty is endemic, use St. Francis of Wounds to replace the medical and social services that the government has failed to provide. She further illustrates the evolution of the regional practice with photographs documenting all stages of this tradition, especially the folk art ex-votos used to pay for the saint's intervention.https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1200/thumbnail.jpg
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Allen, Rika. "The anthropology of art and the art of anthropology : a complex relationship." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2304.
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Thesis (MPhil (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2008.It has been said that anthropology operates in “liminal spaces” which can be defined as “spaces between disciplines”. This study will explore the space where the fields of art and anthropology meet in order to discover the epistemological and representational challenges that arise from this encounter. The common ground on which art and anthropology engage can be defined in terms of their observational and knowledge producing practices. Both art and anthropology rely on observational skills and varying forms of visual literacy to collect and represent data. Anthropologists represent their data mostly in written form by means of ethnographic accounts, and artists represent their findings by means of imaginative artistic mediums such as painting, sculpture, filmmaking and music. Following the so-called ‘ethnographic turn’, contemporary artists have adopted an ‘anthropological’ gaze, including methodologies, such as fieldwork, in their appropriation of other cultures. Anthropologists, on the other hand, in the wake of the ‘writing culture’ critique of the 1980s, are starting to explore new forms of visual research and representational practices that go beyond written texts.
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Baker, Joseph O. "Teaching in the Sociology of Religion." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5386.
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Cardullo, Paolo. "Walking on the rim : towards a geography of resentment." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2012. http://research.gold.ac.uk/7996/.
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My research seeks to understand the complexity of East Greenwich residents' affective reactions at the moment when this landscape was undergoing a dramatic and rapid change. I walked its riverside to the Dome while this was turned from a mostly dismissed and derelict industrial land to a residential area ready to host parts of the Olympic Games. My starting point is that a process of gentrification with symbolic and material displacement of working-class people and their social practices has been occurring. Throughout my fieldwork, I constantly seek to understand the emotional reactions to this pervasive urban change from local residents, workers, and occasional passers-by who I met during the last five years. I have done this with the aid of my always obsolete digital camera and my walking boots, and applying photo elicitation technique whenever it was possible. The unique combination of photographs, walks, and interviews helped me to unpack, from the lower ground perspective of local working-class residents, their affective reactions to this peculiar change. Such an emplaced and class-based struggle opens to what I call the 'geography of resentment'. My hypothesis is that this resentment is a form of reaction against the symbolic violence that gentrification brings. The vehicle through which resentment is expressed is a form of remembering very close to nostalgia, which I decouple from both 'imperial melancholia' and 'hierarchical belonging'. Rather, I contend that this is a form of affective class struggle fought at the level of the symbolic. A debate remains open about the extent to which such controversial form of affection maintains distance from political instrumentalisation and mainstream discourses of communitarian cohesion, while at the same time reflecting the paradoxes of urban change.
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Tucker, John McKinney Jr. "Technologies of Intelligence and Their Relation to National Security Policy: A Case Study of the U.S. and the V-2 Rocket." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48056.
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While government intelligence"knowledge to support policy decision making"is often characterized as an art or science, this dissertation suggests it is more akin to what Science and Technology Studies call a "technological system" or a" sociotechnical ensemble". Such a policy support tool is a mechanism socially constructed for the production of policy-relevant knowledge through integration of social and material components. It involves organizational and procedural innovations as much as it does specialized hardware for obtaining, manipulating, and distributing information.
The development and function of American intelligence is illustrated here through a case study of how the United States and its European allies learned about Germany's World War II secret weapons, especially the long-range liquid fueled rocket known to their military as the A4, but better known to the public as the V-2. The colonial British heritage and the unique American experiences of participating in wars taking place in domestic and foreign territories set the cultural stage for both the strengths and weaknesses with which American intelligence approached the rapidly evolving German secret weapon capabilities of World War II.
The unfolding events that American and British intelligence dealt with in building their knowledge evolved through three stages: early speculation about the existence and nature of the secret weapon threat derived from frequently misleading or misunderstood espionage reports, followed by improvements in knowledge from direct access to information sources provided by enabling technologies, and, finally, systematic reflection on the aggregate of earlier knowledge and new data. This allowed government decision makers to build plans and resources with which to counter the new threats and to prepare for post-war management of similar political and technical issues. However, it also illustrated the difficulties that large and complex systems create for stabilization of institutional innovations.Ph. D.
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Baker, Joseph O. "The Great Abdicating." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5389.
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Neupert, Mark Alexander. "Potters and politics: Factionalism and the organization of ceramic production in Paradijon, the Philippines." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289004.
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This dissertation is an ethnoarchaeological study of the organization of traditional pottery manufacture the barrio of Paradijon, Gubat, Sorsogon Province, the Philippines. The potters of Paradijon have been drawn into political competition between elite members of the community, which has led to factionalism among the potting community. This research uses a case study approach to identify how traditional, independent potters become involved in elite competition, and the effect such involvement has on traditional pottery manufacture and its material record. The organization of ceramic production has become a mainstay in archaeological investigation. Within the case study context, this research seeks to contribute to the field along several fronts. First, this research re-examines the topic of the organization of production and suggests that the use of Contingency Theory will advance archaeological understanding of organizational behavior. Second, the participation of independent craft specialists in elite competition is described and explained. Third, a detailed analysis of the traditional technology of production in Paradijon is provided and the rejection of modern pottery technology introduced by the Philippine federal government is examined. Fourth, a social network analysis is used to illustrate the effect of factionalism on informal organizational complexity within specialist communities. And fifth, this research tests the ability of Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis for discerning factional competition in the material record, and illustrates the ways in which sociopolitical behavior creates patterning in material culture.
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Mokotedi, Prince Nkitsing. "Methodological challenges in the measurement of police cynicism : a critique of the Niederhoffer's police cynicism scale as applied in the South African Police Service (SAPS)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4260.
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Thesis (MPhil (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Niederhoffer developed a scale in the early 1960s to measure the level of cynicism among police officials. Niederhoffer concluded that cynicism is prevalent among police officials and that professionalization of the police occupation is the root cause of cynicism. The Niederhoffer scale was subjected over years to a number of methodological tests. It was found to be multi-dimensional whilst some authors found that the scale is invalid. In this study, we confirmed these findings to some extent in that it was found that the Niederhoffer’s scale is indeed multi-dimensional and that it has a low internal reliability. This study also replicated some of Niederhoffer’s substantive hypotheses which were supported by our empirical data. The various dimensions of scale were also correlated with an Attitude Towards Organizational Change scale. It was found that cynicism is related most strongly to both fear of change and acceptance of change.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die vroeë 1960’s het Niederhoffer ‘n skaal ontwikkel om die vlakke van sinisme onder polisie-amptenare te meet. Niederhoffer vind sinisme onder polisie-amptenare en skryf dit toe aan die professionalisering van dié beroep. Niederhoffer se skaal is geruime tyd al aan ‘n aantal metodologiese toetse onderwerp en die bevinding was dat dit meerdimensioneel is, hoewel sommige outeurs dit ongeldig bevind het. In hierdie studie is ook bevind dat Niederhoffer se skaal meerdimensioneel is met ‘n lae interne betroubaarheidstelling. Die studie herhaal sommige van Niederhoffer se hipoteses en bied steun aan die meeste van sy hipoteses. Die verskeie skaaldimensies is met die Houding Teenoor Organisatoriese Verandering-skaal in verband gebring en die bevinding is dat sinisme aan beide vrees vir verandering en aanvaarding van verandering verwant is.
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Matthews, Todd Lee. "THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION AND TOXIC RELEASES IN THE UNITED STATES." MSSTATE, 2008. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-03202008-143425/.
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Manufacturing in the United States has been in a period of general decline over much of the past fifty years, though this overall pattern of de-industrialization has occurred at different times and intensities in specific geographical regions. However, local officials and development experts still focus efforts on attracting manufacturing industries into their communities, an effort often referred to as smokestack chasing. At the same time, environmentalism has been of increasing importance in the consciousness of American citizens. One of the central concerns of environmentalists and environmentally-oriented policy makers has been the pollution generated by these manufacturing facilities. As a result of these conflicting foci and interests, an intractable dividing line has emerged between those who view manufacturing as a source of local economic growth and employment opportunities, and those who are primarily interested in environmental quality and protection. This debate, characterized as one of jobs versus the environment, has been a central rhetorical frame utilized by the competing sides in both the policy and academic arenas. Numerous diverse strands of thought about these issues are synthesized into three primary theoretical perspectives, each of which purports to explain the economy-environment relationship. An assessment of the empirical relationship between economic standing, change, and environmental quality conducted using a variety of data sources and analytical techniques. Significant findings emerged which can be utilized to inform the environmental social sciences as well as policy makers and communities facing these issues.
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Baca, Keith Allen. "ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF MARKSVILLE-STYLE PREHISTORIC CERAMICS FROM MISSISSIPPI AND ALABAMA." MSSTATE, 2008. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-03282008-094835/.
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Distinctive Marksville-style pottery is characteristic of the Middle Woodland period (200 B.C. A.D. 500) in the Lower Mississippi River Valley and adjacent regions. Marksville material is common in the Lower Mississippi Valley, and the scarcity of similar pottery in northeastern Mississippi and western Alabama has caused claims that Marksville pots were imported into those areas; however, they may have been locally made. To test these alternative possibilities, the elemental composition of some Marksville-style potsherds, other pottery, and clays from various archaeological sites spanning the above regions was characterized using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The results show that the analyzed Marksville-style pottery shares similar elemental profiles with locally common wares and local clays in the sample, allowing the conclusion that all of these Marksville specimens were made in the regions where they were found.
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Turner, II James Harvey. "An Investigation of Violence-Related Trauma at Two Sites in the Pickwick Basin: Dust Cave (1LU496) and the O'Neal Site (1LU61)." MSSTATE, 2006. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-03312006-153916/.
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Osteological evidence for violence has only in recent times been thoroughly investigated. Several kinds of traumas indicative of violence have been identified in human skeletal remains worldwide. Such traumas include scalping, embedded and/or associated projectile points, cranial fractures, parry fractures and defensive injuries, decapitation and dismemberment, and evidence of cannibalism. Analysis of traumas at Dust Cave (1LU496) and the O?Neal site (1LU61), two sites in northwestern Alabama with Middle and Late Archaic occupations, was undertaken. Violence-related traumas were observed at both sites. A highly significant difference exists in trauma patterns between the sites. Results were compared to research done on other populations in an attempt to gain a better understanding of violence in prehistory and to place these sites in a wider regional context.
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Nigro, Rosa Giovanna. "DO COMMUNITY FACTORS INFLUENCE SUICIDE? AN APPLICATION OF STRUCTURALPLURALISM ON SUICIDE CASES." MSSTATE, 2008. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-04112008-141324/.
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Suicide and suicidal behavior affect individuals of all ages, genders, races and religious groups in all countries, representing an important social issue. The major risk factor associated with suicide is depression. However, in some instances, suicide is not preceded by warning signs of mental disorders. Variations in the sociopolitical structures in the communities in U.S. may hold the explanation of variations on suicide rates. The objective of this study is to understand how suicide relates with variations in the community structure. Some specific socio-structural elements of a community have the potential to protect against distress by protecting individuals socio-psychological health. Specifically, variations in structural pluralism affect a communitys welfare because of the potential presence of dense networks of associations that create problem-solving capacity for the community. The problem solving capacity of communities results from pluralistic political structures with dense networks of associations, advocating civic welfare. As one of the consequences of influence on communitys welfare, the structural pluralism theory is tested here as a direct protection again suicide. To address this objective, county-level data are needed. Several data sources will be used to provide information essential for the analysis in this study. The suicide rates will be calculated from the Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Health Statistics Compressed Mortality File for the years of 1998-2002. To provide information on structural pluralism, data from the 2000 County Business Patterns will be used. The 2000 Census data and the Religious Congregations and Membership Study 2000 will be used to provide information on demographic characteristics.
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Liew, Hui. "ETHNICITY AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT BY MALAYSIAN EIGHT-GRADE STUDENT." MSSTATE, 2009. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-06222009-100839/.
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Malaysias preferential policies have reduced the educational attainment gap between ethnic groups. However, we know less about their effects on ethnic differences in academic achievement. With this point in mind, the overall goal of this study is to examine inter-ethnic differences in mathematics and science achievement based on the cohort of eighth grade (Form 2) Malaysian students who participated in the Third International Mathematics and Sciences Study Repeat Project (TIMMS-R). It sought to determine the extent to which theoretical propositions of the structural and cultural perspectives developed to explain achievement differences in the United States are applicable in Malaysia. Malaysia is an interesting setting for the purpose of the present study for three reasons. First, the interethnic differences in educational outcomes were historically linked to occupational structure and class-and ethnicity-based residential segregation during the Brisish colonial rule. Second, Malaysia is one of the few countries (i.e. Fiji, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, Uganda, India, and New Zealand) that have strong public policies to rectify the historical ethnic inequalities in access to education. However, the difference between Malaysia and these countries seems to be in the relative status of the formerly disadvantaged ethnic group in question. Finally, as a new member of the New Industrialized Countries (NICs), Malaysia is in the process of making the transition from an agricultural economy to an indutrialized nation. As such, the importance of mathematics and science education increases along with socioeconomic and technological advance and the discrepancies in mathematics and science achievement can have important implications on socioeconomic disparity among ethnic groups. The primary contribution of this dissertation is that it holistically examines how individual, family and school characteristics affect mathematics and science achievement of the eighth graders in Malaysia. The multilevel modeling analyses showed that Non-Malay students performed significantly better in mathematics achievement than Malay students, even after controlling for family and school characteristics as well as students perceived importance of mathematics and educational expectations. Overall, the results suggest that the structural and cultural perspectives work differently for Malay and Non-Malay students.
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Hsu, Tze-Li. "HEALTH INEQUALITY: TO IMPROVE UNDERSTANDING PEOPLE'S HEALTH BY STUDYING LIVING ARRANGEMENTS." MSSTATE, 2008. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-07082008-153914/.
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Promoting population health is an essential task for sustainable development. This study explores the association between socioeconomic status and perceived health in the United States, with special attention on the influence of living arrangements. It also improves the existing explanations of causal mechanisms underlying the impact of SES on health among Americans over 50. Using the first and seventh waves of Health and Retirement Study to run ordered logistic regression, this research addresses the importance of living arrangements and social capital on self-reported health. Income and education are both important predictors of self-reported health. In addition, living arrangements and household social capital also affects self-reported health after controlling individuals characteristics and SES indicators. These effects do not appear to mediate the socioeconomic effects on self-reported health. Future research should highlight better measures of living arrangements and social capital, as well as explore longitudinal analyses.
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Miranda, Deborah Jane Yoder. ""W"-MEN: MALE NURSES' NEGOTIATION OF MASCULINITY IN A PREDOMINANTLY FEMALE PROFESSION." MSSTATE, 2008. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-11082007-090433/.
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This qualitative study explores male nurses negotiation of masculine gender identities in the nontraditional work of registered nursing. Few registered nurses in the United States are men, and men leave the profession within the first four years after graduation at twice the rate of women. This study builds on previous work by seeking to understand why male nursing graduates of an institution formerly for women only, made the decision to become nurses, how they decided to attend a womens college over a more gender balanced campus experience, and in what ways they negotiate gender identities in the configuration of nursing practice careers. Though others have cautioned that active recruitment of men into nursing could be detrimental to women nurses careers, the current nursing shortage has changed the terrain in health care creating a structural need for both women and men. In contrast to previous studies, which focused on elucidating mechanisms in the workplace that encouraged men nurses rapid ascendancy in the profession, this study explores socialization processes encountered in both educational and workplace settings to gain understanding of the meaning these experiences hold for male nurses in the negotiation of masculinity in a predominantly womens profession. By uncovering the salient meaning that socialization into the professional culture of nursing has for male nurses, an understanding can be gained of how best to recruit and retain men in the profession. Gender theory provides the lens with which structures of gendered educational and work relations among participants in this study were examined. Data were collected from thirty participants using multiple methods, and analyzed using an emergent themes approach. Participants identified themselves as competent, compassionate caregivers. Although relationships with female nursing colleagues were undergirded by horizontal reciprocity, tensions arose when male physicians communicated greater trust with male nurses. Interactions with nursing managers were regarded with caution. The male nurses in this study perceived that they were expected to respond with stoicism in crises, work excessive overtime, and were assigned the most complicated cases. They did not feel they could voice reservations about accepting complicated case assignments as did their female colleagues.
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Visconti, Virginia A. "Parents' wishes and children's choices an ethnographic study of rural household economies and formal schooling in a northern Vietnamese commune /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3240039.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Anthropology and School of Education, 2006."Title from dissertation home page (viewed July 16, 2007)." Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-10, Section: A, page: 3877. Adviser: Thomas A. Schwandt.
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Kattman, Braden R. "An action research study; cultural differences impact how manufacturing organizations receive continuous improvement." Thesis, The National Graduate School of Quality Management, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3572505.
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National culture and organizational culture impact how continuous improvement methods are received, implemented and deployed by suppliers. Previous research emphasized the dominance of national culture over organizational culture. The countries studied included Poland, Mexico, China, Taiwan, South Korea, Estonia, India, Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan. The research found that Canada was most receptive to continuous improvement, with China being the least receptive. The study found that organizational culture was more influential than national culture. Isomorphism and benchmarking is driving continuous-improvement language and methods to be more universally known within business. Business and management practices are taking precedence in driving change within organizations.
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Dendrinos, Panayis. "Contemporary Greek male homosexualities : Greek gay men's experiences of the family, the military and the LGBT movement." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2653/.
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This thesis provides an ethnographic analysis of how Greek gay men experience the ways in which their sexuality is subject to ‘negotiation’ in the family and the military, how these ‘negotiations’ influence and sometimes even inhibit the creation of an LGBT movement. The experiences of my ethnographic informants produced little material for generalisations but the diversity of their voices suggests that they are constantly fighting between the desire to belong and the wish to remain different. I argue that the theoretical framework of timi and dropi (honour and shame) can still be a valuable explanatory tool for an understanding of Modern Greek homosexualities. Yet, this thesis offers a critique of this paradigm for its neglect to account for the possible ways in which the sexual contact of the men in a family may occasionally be seen as a threat to the family’s honour. As a result, silence becomes a defence mechanism that many of my gay interlocutors and their families employ to deal with homosexuality. This varied silence often inhibits the sense of pride in the man’s homosexuality and in turn prevents him from joining the movement that would require him to be vocal about his sexual self. The military experiences of my interlocutors, on the other hand, challenge the assumption that the military is a strictly heterosexual space. What they often describe as the ‘homo-social’ environment of the military acted as a catalyst for several of them to come to terms with their homosexuality. The thesis also explores the history of Greek LGBT activism from its inception in 1976 to today and examines the reasons behind its limited success in capturing the hearts and minds of my interlocutors.
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Desmond, Nicola Ann. "'Ni kubahatisha tu!' - 'It's just a game of chance!' : adaptation and resignation to perceived risks in rural Tanzania." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1197/.
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Many HIV/AIDS prevention interventions have been shown to increase awareness and knowledge but few have been shown to impact on behaviour. This ethnographic study was designed to provide a holistic account of risk perception in order to inform our understandings of how HIV risk is perceived. Through qualitative methods it is both a deductive testing of the risk theories of Douglas and Giddens and an inductive, grounded investigation to identify which risks are prioritised and the discourses which influence risk perceptions in one rural and one neighbouring peri-urban site in north-western Tanzania. Risk perception is framed by multiple, sometimes contradictory, discourses which shape individual perceptions of risk at particular moments. These are defined as a series of ‘risk moments’, each of which is context specific and contingent on dynamic social conditions. Living in a society in flux, where multiple forms of tradition co-exist with modern ideals, rural dwellers’ experiences of past misfortune are often interpreted to inform a future-oriented risk perception. The role of chance and fatalism are dominant public and private discourses, but ones which co-exist with collective and individual capabilities to control risk through reliance on social capital and social networks to create maendeleo(development), despite restricted lifestyle alternatives and vulnerable socio-economic conditions. Responses to some risks are invariable and predictable, such as routinised actions like hand washing. Responses to other risks, such as crop failure, vary according to predictable patterns. These patterns include social position and biography, defined through gender, socio-economic status, partner type and exposure to alternative lifestyle choices through migration. This is one of several ways in which risk perceptions are dominated by social factors. Others are the presumed social causes of many risks, and the social benefits or costs of risk aversion. Conflicting social risks, such as exposure to jealousy and being too trusting, are subject to cautious strategies to manage ambiguous social relations. Within this dynamic social world, characterised by contradictions between adaptation and resignation, risk priorities are constantly re-assessed and management strategies renegotiated as individuals encounter novel circumstances. The results from this research have confirmed this contingent nature of risk perception and contributed to our knowledge of people’s approaches towards health risks and understandings of prevention which may be useful in the design of appropriate behaviour change campaigns.
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Staniewicz, Teresa Agnes. "Ethnicity maintenance : its contingent nature and impact on health : case studies of second generation Poles in the West Midlands (UK) and South Michigan (US)." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2001. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4179/.
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OBJECTIVES My topic of research is a comparative study of ethnicity and (selected) health patterns among second generation Poles (and to a lesser extent, first generation Poles), looked at by means of two case studies, one in the UK and one in the USA. I examine the level of ethnicity (cultural) maintenance in a white - assumed assimilated - minority ethnic group in two specific geographic locations and therefore the context specific nature of ethnicity maintenance. I also examine whether it is possible to assess the impact of such maintenance on their personal health, well-being, and quality of life. METHODS My research design includes a (smaller, post WWII) selection of first generation UK and USA Polish respondents who act as point of reference, and allow me to define within this study, the parameters of the cultural 'nuances' in question. My design allows for the assessment of any evidence of ethnic self-identity and a common sub-cultural identity, as well as any differences between the two groups of respondents in relation to their respective degrees of co-operation, and accommodation problems, with host groups. The collection of data is operationalized via multiple methods, including questionnaires. I employ the use of qualitative, quantitative, and ethnographic elements, thus allowing for multidimensional analysis of selected issues. Comparisons are made with extant data from both the host ( indigenous) communities. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Empirical results bore out variations in the degree of maintained ethnic lifestyles, across a range of social groups. Some of the differences can be explained by the different environments (UK and USA), as well as the diasporic nature of the first generation's immigration experiences. Qualitative and ethnographic evidence was found to be crucial in explaining the various affective ethnic nuances that quantitative methods are unable to reveal, such as the pervasive impact that the first generation's diasporic experiences, as well as the nature of the Polish exiled community, have had on the second generation, both in the UK and the USA, and their respective qualities of life. This study has indicated that maintaining one's ethnic roots can for these individuals be just as problematic, although in differing ways, as for members of non-white ethnic minorities.
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Dore, Matthew D. "Heartbreak and Precipitation| Affective Geography and "Problems" of the Ethnographic Work." Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10013580.
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“Heartbreak and Precipitation” confronts an affective position that in its articulation and representation defeats and defines the limits of its possibility. Performing a theoretical ethnographic position, voice, and imagination, the work/labour of the project is trying to navigate itself successfully (ethically) through the affective, class, and aesthetic registers it crosses in the cities its finds itself in as it makes sense of them as spaces and has them come to be as objects of knowledge. As cartographic method, it tries to find itself from the inside by marking out a range of texts – from Benjamin’s “The Arcades Project”, Marx’s “Capital”, to C. W. Mills “On Intellectual Craftsmanship” – these knotted up with fields of artifacts such as Red Wing boots, Dial liquid hand soap, non-dairy coffee creamer, and a roomful of palm trees; together a speculative mapping of affective territories with well contained limits of potential and possibility.
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Guma, Taulant. "Everyday negotiations of in/securities and risks : an ethnographic study amongst Czech- and Slovak-speaking migrants in Glasgow." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6315/.
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The post-accession migration to the UK from the eight Central and Eastern European countries that joined the European Union in 2004 has attracted a significant amount of attention in public discourse as well as from scholars and policy-makers. On the one hand, these migrants are praised for their contributions to the local or national economy, for their work ethic and self-reliance as mostly young and well-educated labour migrants; on the other hand, post-enlargement migration is depicted as a threat to local public services and the British welfare system, or to British society more generally. Our knowledge about the 'new European migrants' in the UK, however, is limited in so far as the existing literature tends to adopt these interests and perspectives of the 'host society' or analyse migrants' experiences through an ethnic lens. Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted over a twelve-month period, this thesis provides an empirically-grounded, contextually rich and theoretically informed understanding of how Czech- and Slovak-speaking migrants who arrived in Glasgow after 2004 negotiate insecurities and risks and build social security in their everyday lives in the city. The thesis offers novel insights and contributes to existing theoretical, methodological, and empirical research on the nexus of (post-accession) migration, social security, and risk. Methodologically, by focusing on a language-based group across ethnic, national, and cultural boundaries and by analytically probing the heterogeneity of the research group, the study challenges simplistic generalisations and the uncritical adoption of ethnocentric concepts and ideas. Each of the empirically-driven chapters develops both the theoretical and empirical argument in its own right, exploring, for example, the various processes through which a 'risk population' was produced in the field; my informants' notion of zkancelovali with regard to state-provided support in Glasgow; the significance of past experiences and everyday knowledges in negotiations of risk and in/securities; or the notion of 'exploring potentialities of care' in Glasgow and beyond. Theoretically, the thesis fruitfully integrates socio-cultural concepts of risk with an anthropological reconceptualisation of social security and refines these in relation to migrants' lived experiences. Overall, this ethnographic study argues for the value of shifting our gaze from a sole focus on migrants as research objects to wider processes and contexts in which migrants' specific meaning-making activities and everyday practices of negotiating in/securities and risks are situated and embedded.
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Whalen, John Matthew. "The Hofstede model and national cultures of learning| A comparison of undergraduate survey data." Thesis, Colorado State University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10149811.
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Researchers in cross-cultural pedagogy often invoke the work of Hofstede (1980; 1986) and Hofstede, Hofstede, and Minkov (2010) to explain variation in classroom behavioral norms across countries (e.g. Cronjé, 2011; Li & Guo, 2012; Tananuraksakul, 2013). Although Hofstede' s model of culture was developed from IBM employee surveys to facilitate cross-cultural management, Hofstede explicitly suggests that his findings can be generalized to student and teacher behavior in the classroom. The present study tests this suggestion by administering an online survey to university students (n=625) in the following countries: USA (n=181), South Africa (n=103), China (n=64), Turkey, (n=60), Russia, (n=59), Finland (n=58), Vietnam (n=52), and France (n=48). Although the number of countries included in this study is too low to produce globally generalizable results, a statistical comparison of national means on each item fails to support Hofstede's predictions about how national culture manifests in the classroom for these particular countries. Instead, provisional support is found for the creation of a new set of cultural dimensions for the specific purpose of studying classroom culture, with three such dimensions emerging from a principal components analysis of the present data set. The examination of national differences on individual items in this survey can also be useful for traveling instructors of English-speaking university classrooms.
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Baker, Joseph O. "The Many Meanings of the Secular." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7807.
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Book Summary: Based in the idea that social phenomena are best studied through the lens of different disciplinary perspectives, Empty Churches studies the growing number of individuals who no longer affiliate with a religious tradition. Co-editors Jan Stets, a social psychologist, and James Heft, a historian of theology, bring together leading scholars in the fields of sociology, developmental psychology, gerontology, political science, history, philosophy, and pastoral theology.
The scholars in this volume explore the phenomenon by drawing from each other's work to understand better the multi-faceted nature of non-affiliation today. They explore the complex impact that non-affiliation has on individuals and the wider society, and what the future looks like for religion in America. The book also features insightful perspectives from parents of young adults and interviews with pastors struggling with this issue who address how we might address this trend. Empty Churches provides a rich and thoughtful analysis on non- affiliation in American society from multiple scholarly perspectives. The increasing growth of non-affiliation threatens the vitality and long-term stability of religious institutions, and this book offers guidance on maintaining the commitment and community at the heart of these institutions.
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Baker, Joseph O. "The Politics of Humanism." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7808.
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Book Summary: This handbook is currently in development, with individual articles publishing online in advance of print publication. At this time, we cannot add information about unpublished articles in this handbook, however the table of contents will continue to grow as additional articles pass through the review process and are added to the site. Please note that the online publication date for this handbook is the date that the first article in the title was published online. For more information, please read the site FAQs.
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Piker, Joshua Aaron. "The Sinagua and aggregation: an interdisciplinary approach to cultural development." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1316195626.
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Alvarez, Maribel. "Made in Mexico: Souvenirs, artisans, shoppers and the meanings of other "border-type-things"." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280342.
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In spite of their ubiquitous presence, the artisans who make serialized souvenirs for the tourist markets in the US-Mexico border and the people who buy these objects are invisible to the academic communities on both sides of the national divide. Simultaneously ignored by the Mexican folk arts canon; borderlands studies; Mexican historiography; and the anthropological literature interested in signs and symbolism, these allegedly low-grade and marginalized objects and people are nonetheless integral to the development of capitalism in Mexico. This work is an ethnography of the system of objects known as "Mexican curios" from the point of view of those who make the objects and those who consume them. It focuses specifically on one family of artisans that makes plaster figurines in Nogales, Sonora and shoppers at a Flea Market in Tucson, Arizona. The ethnography seeks to answer the questions: "Why is the most visible invisible?" and "How does invisibility become socially-installed and contested?" The study argues that instead of considering Mexican curios as the degenerate rear-guard to standards of good taste, or, as affronts to state-sanctioned ideas about folk art, these objects and the meanings attributed to them by makers and consumers must be read "in reverse." That is, as subtexts of fragmented projects of nationalism and social distinction. Curios distort by negation and playful inter-cultural negotiations dominant intellectual ideas about national patrimony and "worthiness." Plaster curio artisans and shoppers invent their own narratives to counter perceptions about their value as human beings and citizens. They appropriate, exppropriate, transform, and invent discourses about aesthetics, work, class, gender, and historical memory to invest meaning into their practices and their identities. The study stresses the importance of vernacular social histories as a mean through which subordinated people can regain a sense of empowerment when they interact with structures of power over which they have no control. In addition, the ethnography attempts to open a dialogue about the limits and the opportunities afforded by the disciplines of Folklore and Anthropology when they are wielded by research participants for their own goals.
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Brenden, Marcia R. "Work matters: The educational, cultural and economic ecology of two Gulf-Coast communities." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284146.
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This dissertation explores the connections between the institutions of work, family, and school as revealed through a team ethnography study of two southern Louisiana communities. The study focused on the gathering of first-hand accounts of the cultural, social, and economic continuum of changes that local households and individuals are experiencing in relation to the vicissitudes of employment in the oil and gas industry and the various ways in which household members negotiated, accommodated, and resisted the impacts. This dissertation also reports on a collaborative research methodology that employed a "funds of knowledge" approach that situated public school teacher-researchers as crucial local members of the project team. Their position as insiders within the local schools and households grounded the research process and provided the team with multiple member checks that helped to validate and authenticate the research. As a background to the analyses undertaken here, this study reviews the relevant literature on structure and agency as well as critical educational studies of social reproduction and cultural production. Finally, suggestions are made as to possible directions public schools might take to critically connect schools to work and communities.
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De, Villiers Anell. "Vooruitsigte, ervarings en probleme met opleiding onder werkers in die Oos Vrystaat : ‘n studie oor opleiding in die VKB." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4287.
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Thesis (MPhil (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH SUMMARY: This study focuses on the shortage of labour in the rural areas of the Free State and, in direct contrast to the high unemployment figures and great demand for jobs. The upskilling of unskilled labour is one of South Africa’s biggest social problems. It is becoming ever more pressing given the increasing demand for skilled labour to adapt to technological advancement and the new information era. The South African government has created various initiatives and policies to accommodate and provide previously disadvantaged groups with opportunities for training and better life prospects. Viewing South Africa’s rural areas from a historical perspective may result in scepticism about the success of these training initiatives and question the commitment of private business towards these policies. Policies and regulations increasingly place greater administrative pressure on workplaces, which could lead to the expectation that training in companies would merely be regarded as an extra burden. The VKB, a local agricultural co-operative in the Free State, challenges this assumption. This study investigates the experiences and expectations of employees to determine the impact of training on individuals. Interviews with employees and management in the company show that training plays a crucial role in producing solidarity in a stable workplace environment. For both groups, government-proposed education and training are regarded as very important in their own lives and for the future development of South Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die tekort aan arbeid wat in die plattelandse gebiede van die Vrystaat ondervind word, in teenstelling met die hoë werkloosheidsyfer en behoefte aan werksgeleenthede in dié gebied. Die verdere opleiding van ongeskoolde arbeid is een van Suid-Afrika se grootste maatskaplike probleme. Dié kwessie raak al hoe meer relevant gegewe die groter aanvraag na geskoolde arbeid om aan te pas by tegnologiese vooruitgang en die eise van die inligtingsera. Die Suid-Afrikaanse regering het verskeie inisiatiewe en beleide ingestel om opleidingsgeleenthede en beter vooruitsigte vir voorheen benadeelde groepe daar te stel. As die Suid-Afrikaanse platteland vanuit ’n historiese perspektief beskou word, kan ’n mens skepties staan teenoor die wyse waarop sakeondernemings hierdie beleide sal aanvaar en toepas. Hierbenewens plaas beleide en wetgewing ook geweldige administratiewe druk op ondernemings, wat aanleiding kan gee tot die vermoede dat maatskappye opleiding slegs as ’n ekstra las sou beskou. Die VKB, ’n plaaslike landboukoöperasie in die Vrystaat, bewys egter die teendeel van hierdie aanname. Dit bring hierdie studie tot die punt van ondersoek, waar die ervaring en verwagtings van werknemers ondersoek word om vas te stel watter impak opleiding op individue het. Persoonlike onderhoude met werknemers en die bestuur dui daarop dat opleiding ’n belangrike faktor is wat samehorigheid in ’n stabiele werksomgewing in die hand werk. Albei groepe beskou opleiding en onderrig, soos voorgestel deur die regering, as uiters belangrik in hulle eie lewens en vir die algehele ontwikkeling van Suid-Afrika.
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Van, der Heijden Ingrid. "Women of Steel : articulations of empowerment and livelihood practices in the Dwars River Valley, Western Cape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4073.
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Thesis (MA (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--Stellenbosch University, 2009.ENGLISH SUMMARY: Women’s livelihoods are not only experienced differently, but are articulated in different ways. This dissertation begins from the understanding that women’s livelihoods are processual, complex and contextual. They are embedded in multifarious processes, structures, discourses and everyday practices, which are locally defined and globally linked. This thesis interrogates women’s articulations of empowerment and agency that were central to their community and entrepreneurial activities. Women’s social actions and responses to constraints and transformation they encountered in the valley were sites of struggle. Informed by local women’s perspectives and articulations of empowerment, this ethnography focuses on how women practiced their livelihoods: how they manoeuvred, negotiated and performed their livelihood tactics in response to local, national and global constraints. The study narrates how women in a rural valley in the Winelands of the Western Cape (South Africa) spoke of how they felt ‘empowered’ despite constraints. They claimed that they exhibited productive moments and harnessed opportunities to rise above constraints. They felt that in general men in their communities were passive in their response to crisis in the valley. Women’s narratives of empowerment in the Dwars River Valley invoked ideas of ‘women of steel’ and ‘moments’ of agency. These helped to re-fashion local gender orders and rehabilitate notions of ‘appropriate’ women’s work.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die bestaanswyses van vroue word nie slegs in die uitleef daarvan waargeneem nie, maar is dikwels ook ‘n fokus van gespreksvoering. Die uitgangspunt van hierdie tesis is dat vroue se bestaanswyses metodies, kompleks en kontekstueel is. Dit word begrond deur uiteenlopende prosesse, strukture, diskoerse, en alledaagse gebruike wat plaaslik gedefinieer word en globaal gebonde is. Hierdie tesis ondersoek vroue se artikulasie van bemagtiging en agentskap wat sentraal tot hul gemeenskap en entrepreneurskap aktiwiteite staan. Vroue se sosiale handelinge en reaksies tot struikelblokke en transformasie wat hulle in die vallei in die gesig gestaar het, is beduidend van ‘n plek van worsteling. Hierdie etnografie word toegelig deur plaaslike vroue se perspektiewe en artikulasie van bemagtiging en fokus op hoe hulle hul bestaanswyse beoefen het: hoe vroue bestaanswyse taktieke gemanipuleer, onderhandel en ook uitgevoer het as reaksie op plaaslike, nasionale en globale beperkinge. Hierdie studie vertel hoe vroue in ‘n landelike vallei van die Wynlande in die Wes-Kaap (Suid-Afrika) praat oor hoe hul ‘bemagtig’ voel, ten spyte van beperkinge. Hulle voer aan dat hul produktiewe oomblikke vertoon en gebruik maak van geleenthede om bo beperkinge uit te styg. Hulle voel dat mans oor die algemeen passief in hul reaksie op krisis is. Vroue se verhale van bemagtiging in die Dwars Rivier Vallei roep beelde op van ‘vroue van staal’ en ‘oomblikke’ van agentskap. Dit het bygedra tot die herskepping van plaaslike gender rolle en die hervestiging van idees oor ‘gepaste’ werk vir vroue.
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Moleko, Motheo Precious. "Influence and originality in Michael Quinn Patton's "Utilization-Focused Evaluation"." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6711.
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Thesis (MPhil (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The concern of this study is primarily with insights, either acquired or original, which may be gleaned from the works of Michael Quinn Patton, especially his seminal book, “Utilization-Focused Evaluation” with regards to utilisation of evaluation. The importance of utilisation of evaluation processes and findings cannot be overemphasised. Use is critical to the success of multiple development programmes in South Africa which collectively will ultimately determine the country’s accomplishment of its developmental goals. The study is an analysis of the relevant literature on utilisation of evaluation; comparing and contrasting Patton’s writings with those of other scholars on this topic of utilisation. The process of understanding these insights involves a brief biography of Patton to get a glimpse into the factors which influenced the development of his ideas and to learn from them as well as from his innovative ideas. The major theme of utilization-focused approach to evaluation is utility and actual use of evaluations. The study therefore devotes special attention to these concepts in order to find out how he defines them, his motivation to focus on them and his perceptions of the purposes of evaluation. These determine his conception of the evaluation field; and his success in promoting evaluation utilisation is measured against them. The study also contains a detailed discussion of the so-called “paradigms debate” between the quantitative and qualitative paradigms in the educational and social sciences in the 1960s and 1970s. This debate was necessary to quell the division triggered by the domination of the quantitative paradigm over qualitative one in these fields and to promote understanding of the need to prioritise research questions by designing studies to answer to them instead of research problems being fitted into “onesize- fits-all” readymade designs, the study argues. The role played by Patton in turning evaluation into a profession is also discussed at length. His works on this subject include a contribution towards enhancing quality and credibility of evaluation, major input on the Standards of Excellence for Evaluation as well as assisting in the development of methods for evaluation. The inevitability of politics in evaluation is highlighted together with the importance of their ethical conduct. The debates in the American Evaluation Association are very illuminating and Patton’s involvement in them is detailed in the study. They cover a range of issues which are useful to deepening of understanding of evaluation conduct and particular factors which affect use. The study ends with a critical analysis of Patton’s contribution to utilisation of evaluations by programme decision makers and its significance to South Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van dié studie het hoofsaaklik te doen met insigte, hetsy oorspronklik of ontleen aan ander bronne, wat afgelei kan word van die werk van Michael Quinn Patton, veral van sy invloedryke boek, “Utilization-Focused Evaluation,” ten opsigte van die toepassing van program-evaluasie. Die belangrikheid van die toepassing van evalueringsprosesse en -bevindings, kan nie oorbeklemtoon word nie. Toepassing is krities tot die sukses van veelvuldige ontwikkelingsprogramme in Suid-Afrika wat gesamentlik uiteindelik sal bepaal of die land sy ontwikkelingsdoelwitte sal bereik. Die studie is ’n analise van die tersaaklike literatuur oor die toepassing van evaluering; wat Patton se werk met dié van ander skrywers oor die onderwerp van toepassing vergelyk. Die proses om dié insigte te verstaan, behels ’n kort biografie van Patton ten einde ’n vlugtige blik te kry oor die faktore wat tot die ontwikkeling van sy idees aanleiding gegee het en om van hulle, sowel as van sy innoverende idees, te leer. Die hooftema van die toespitsing op die toepassingsbenadering vir evaluering, is sy veelsydigheid en die werklike gebruik van evaluasies. Derhalwe le die studie hom dus veral op dié konsepte toe ten einde vas te stel hoe hy hulle gebruik het, wat sy motivering was om daarop te fokus en sy siening rondom die doelwitte van evaluasie. Dít bepaal sy begrip van die gebied van evaluasie, en sy sukses ten einde die toepassing van evaluasie te bevorder, word hierteenoor gemeet. ’n Uitvoerige bespreking oor die sogenaamde “ paradigma-debat’’ tussen die kwantatiewe en kwalitatiewe paradigmas in die opvoedkundige en sosiale wetenskappe van die 1960’s en 1970’s word ook hierin saamgevat. Verder voer die studie aan dat die debat noodsaaklik was ten einde die verdeeldheid te oorkom wat deur die oorheersing van die kwantitatiewe oor die kwalitatiewe paradigmas op dié terreine veroorsaak is, en om begrip te bevorder betreffende die behoefte om navorsingsvrae voorrang te gee deur studies te ontwerp wat dié vrae beantwoord, in plaas daarvan om navorsingsprobleme in ’n klaargemaakte een-grootte-pas-almal ontwerp te plaas. Patton se rol om program-evaluasie in’n professie te omskep, word breedvoerig bespreek. Sy werk oor die onderwerp sluit ’n bydrae in om die gehalte en geloofwaardigheid van evaluasie te verhef, belangrike insette ten opsigte van die Standaarde van Uitnemenheid vir Evaluasie, sowel as om met die ontwikkeling van evaluasiemetodes te help.
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Morrison, Lindsey E. "Anthropology of the cubicle| Communication and collaboration in state historic preservation offices." Thesis, Northern Arizona University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1556555.
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Digital cultural resource information systems affect the stewardship of archaeological, cultural, and historic resources throughout the country. These information systems, however, are maintained and updated throughout many different agencies, such as State Historic Preservation Offices (SHPOs) and the National Park Service (NPS), United States Forest Service (USFS), and Bureau of Land Management (BLM). This thesis applies ethnographic methods, including interviews and social network analysis, to explore the communication and collaboration efforts within SHPOs, between SHPOs, and among SHPOs and multiple federal agencies. The research topic originated from an information system assessment conducted during an internship at the History Colorado Center, Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation in Denver, Colorado. Throughout the research, I noticed trends in collaboration that emerged from interviews with SHPO participants. As a result, I developed a research design to further examine these concerns, highlighting the major issues in current collaboration and communication systems. This analysis serves as an organizational study of the SHPO and contributes to the larger conversation about cultural resource information system needs throughout America. Through creating a space for and facilitating communication between SHPOs and between the SHPO and federal agencies, organizations and cultural resource stakeholders can build positive relationships that will benefit the overall protection, preservation, and stewardship of historic, archaeological, and cultural resources in America.
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Naanyu, Violet. "Social context, stigma, and the role of causal attributions public evaluations of mental illness in South Africa /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3378374.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Sociology, 2009.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 7, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-10, Section: A, page: 4077. Advisers: Bernice Pescosolido; Eliza Pavalko.
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Baker, Joseph O., and Christopher D. Bader. "A Social Anthropology of Ghosts in Twenty-First-Century America." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/490.
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Although belief in ghosts or analogous concepts is prevalent cross-culturally, including in contemporary Western cultures, social scientific treatments of spirit belief and experience often dismiss such views as superstitious, or overlook this dimension of culture completely. Using mixed methods, we examine ghost belief, experience, and media consumption, as well as the practice of ‘ghost hunting’ in the United States. Results from a national survey demonstrate that these beliefs and practices are common and concentrated strongly among younger generations of Americans, especially moderately religious ‘dabblers.’ Fieldwork with multiple groups centered on ‘hunting’ ghosts reveals several notable themes, including rhetorical appeals to both science and religion, magical rites, the extensive use of technology to mediate evidence and experiences of ghosts, and the narrative construction of hauntings. We argue that the inherent liminality of spirits as cultural constructs accounts for their persistence, power, and continual recurrence.
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Anderson, Bruce Edward, and Bruce Edward Anderson. "Forensic anthropology as science: Is there a difference between academic and applied uses of biological anthropology?" Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282649.
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The central issued explored by this research is whether forensic anthropology can be characterized as being fundamentally different from academically-oriented biological anthropology. My view--and thesis statement--is that they are not two fundamentally-differing pursuits. While I recognize that important differences do exist between these fields, I argue that the differences are not sufficient to draw a stark line between academically-oriented biological anthropology and its medico-legal application. The principal source of data marshaled in support of this view is my dozen-plus years experience as a student. then practitioner, of forensic anthropology. One hundred forensic anthropology case reports of mine are utilized to illustrate an example of the product that forensic anthropologists routinely supply to medico-legal and governmental agencies. However, more important than this product are the processes behind the issuance of such reports. I argue that while the product may be different--a necessity because the intended audience certainly is--the conscientious forensic anthropologist employs the same analytical processes as when engaged in academic pursuits. Thus, it is my position that forensic anthropologists remain biological anthropologists while performing medico-legal services.
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Margaris, Amy Vlassia. "Meat and potatoes: recipes for a range of egalitarianism in three hunter-gatherer societies." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1316173721.
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James, Megan. "The validity endeavour." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4162.
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Thesis (MPhil (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Qualitative and quantitative research implies different meta-theoretical approaches to knowledge production. The former maintains a constructivist and interpretative perspective, as opposed to the latter, which exists within a realist and even positivist paradigm. Within the field of research methodology, the dominant conceptualisation of validity is based on a positivist discourse, which suggests that (social) scientific research should strive to attain an ultimate truth. This understanding of validity is difficult to achieve within a research paradigm that values the idiosyncratic world views of the participants under investigation. The introduction of CAQDAS (Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software), however, brought with it the hope that its application would confer upon qualitative research the rigour associated with validity in a mainly positivist interpretation of the research process. The ultimate goal of this thesis is to determine whether CAQDAS can make a significant contribution to efforts aimed at validating qualitative research. The research design employed in the present study is that of a descriptive content analysis, focussing on scientific articles that not only report qualitative studies, but also make explicit reference to the use of CAQDAS, and describe validation techniques applied during the research process. Purposive sampling was applied to select 108 articles, published from 1996 to 2009, that meet the sampling criteria and that were identified through online searches of various bibliographic databases and search engines. The study investigates three predominant research questions concerned with the following: (1) the most commonly used software programmes; (2) trends in CAQDAS use over time; as well as (3) the validation techniques reported in examined scientific articles, distinguishing between techniques that are performed with and without the use of CAQDAS. With regard to the first two research questions, it was found that the three most commonly used software programmes are QSR N programmes (including NUD.IST, NVivo, N4, N5 and N6), followed by Atlas.ti and MAXqda (including the earlier version winMAX), and that there has been a general increase over iv the past 13 years (1996-2009) in the number of qualitative research articles reporting CAQDAS use. The exploration of validation techniques utilised in qualitative research, as reported in the examined scientific articles, demonstrated that the techniques are in most cases performed manually. Although CAQDAS offers many benefits, the predominant validation techniques reported can be, and still are, performed without CAQDAS. Techniques that would have been impossible without CAQDAS are based on the data display features of CAQDAS, as well as on the accuracy and consistency offered by CAQDAS in the execution of certain actions. The findings generated by this study seem to support the hypothesis that CAQDAS per se does not enhance validity, since it is predominantly utilised as merely a research tool.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe navorsing is gegrond op verskillende meta-teoretiese benaderings tot die lewering van inligting. Eersgenoemde handhaaf ‘n konstruktivistiese en interpretatiewe perspektief, teenoor laasgenoemde, wat binne ‘n paradigma bestaan wat gegrond is op realisme en positivisme. Binne die veld van navorsingsmetodologie, is die oorwegende konseptualisering van geldigheid, gebaseer op ‘n positivistiese diskoers, wat voorstel dat (sosiale) wetenskaplike navorsing daarna moet streef om ‘n absolute waarheid te bereik. Hierdie begrip van geldigheid word moeilik verwesenlik binne ‘n navorsingsparadigma wat waarde heg aan die ideosinkratiese wêreldbeskouinge van die navorsingsdeelnemers. CAQDAS (Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software), is bekend gestel met die hoop dat die gebruik daarvan kwalitatiewe navorsing sal verleen met stiptheid wat met geldigheid geassosieer word, oorwegend binne ‘n positivistiese interpretasie van die navorsingsproses. Die oorkoepelende doelwit van hierdie tesis is om vas te stel of CAQDAS enige betekenisvolle bydrae kan maak tot pogings om die geldigheid van kwalitatiewe navorsing te verbeter. Die navorsingsontwerp van die huidige studie is die van ‘n beskrywende inhoudsanalise, wat fokus op wetenskaplike artikels wat nie net berig oor kwalitatiwe studies nie, maar ook verwys na die gebruik van CAQDAS, en die geldigheidstegnieke wat tydens die navorsingsproses toegepas is, bespreek. Doelgerigte steekproeftrekking is toegepas en 108 artikels, wat gepubliseer is vanaf 1996-2009, was geselekteer op grond van die feit dat hulle aan die seleksie kriteria voldoen. Die artikels was geïdentifiseer deur aanlyn soektogte van verskeie bibliografiese databasisse en soekenjins. Die studie ondersoek drie oorwegende navorsingsvrae met betrekking tot die volgende: (1) die sagteware programme wat die meeste gebruik word; (2) neigings in die gebruik van CAQDAS oor verloop van ‘n tydperk; sowel as (3) die geldigheidstegnieke wat in die ondersoekte wetenskaplike artikels vi gerapporteer word, deur onderskeid te tref tussen tegnieke wat met of sonder die gebruik van CAQDAS uitgevoer word. Met verwysing na die eerste twee navorsingsvrae, was dit gevind dat die drie algemeenste sagteware programme wat gebruik is, QSR N programme (insluitend NUD.IST, NVivo, N4, N5 en N6), gevolg deur Atlas.ti en MAXqda (insluitend die vroëere weergawe winMAX) is, en dat daar oor die algemeen ‘n toename is in die getal kwalitatiewe navorsingsartikels oor die afgelope 13 jaar (1996-2009), wat die gebruik van CAQDAS rapporteer. Die ondersoek na geldigheidstegnieke wat in kwalitatiewe navorsing gebruik word, soos berig in die ondersoekte wetenskaplike artikels, het getoon dat die tegnieke in die meeste gevalle sonder die gebruik van CAQDAS uitgevoer is. Ten spyte van die feit dat die gebruik van CAQDAS voordele inhou, word die meerderheid geldigheidstegnieke wat gerapporteeer word, steeds sonder die gebruik van CAQDAS uitgevoer. Tegnieke wat nie sonder die hulp van CAQDAS uitegevoer kon word nie, is gebaseer op die data vertoningsvermoë van CAQDAS, sowel as op die akkuraatheid en konsekwentheid waarmee CAQDAS sekere opdragte uitvoer. Die bevindinge wat gegenereer is deur hierdie studie blyk asof dit die hipotese ondersteun dat CAQDAS nie opsig self die geldigheid versterk nie, aangesien dit oorwegend bloot as ‘n navorsingsinstrument gebruik word.
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Grundlingh, Susanna Maria. "Playing with a purpose : an ethnographic study of a sport-for-development programme in Mbekweni." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17985.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: There has been a concerted effort by government departments and sport-for-development non-governmental organisations (NGOs), to use sport as a vehicle for sustainable social development in previously disadvantaged areas in South Africa. South Africa, considered to be a developing country and also a country where sporting achievement and excellence is venerated, brings to the fore an intriguing intersection between sport and development. The exponential growth of the sport-for-development field in the past two decades, both on an international and local level, bears witness to the fact that sport has come to be seen as an instrument facilitating development among children and youth in historically disadvantaged regions in South Africa. International aid organisations, such as the United Nations and an array of sport-for-development NGOs are at the forefront of using sport as a vehicle for development purposes. It is against this brief background that this thesis investigates the relationship between sport and development. The research question that underpins this study is: What is the relationship between sport and development, but more specifically, how do adolescent black girls, experience being part of a sport-for-development program at the Mbekweni Community Sport Centre (MCSC)? This relationship is interrogated by drawing on fieldwork conducted at the MCSC amongst participants of the Women and Girls in Leadership (WGILS) sport-for-development program over a six month period. WGILS is a sport-for-development program that caters for the sporting needs of adolescent girls in Mbekweni, by providing them with sporting opportunities and life skill sessions. The WGILS program is operated by a sport-for-development NGO, SCORE in partnership with a UK charity, Hope Through Action (HTA). Hope Through Action is the charity responsible for building the nine million Rand Mbekweni Community Sport Centre in Mbekweni, a township 60km north of Cape Town. The central argument of this dissertation is that sport itself does not facilitate development, but serves as a point of entry for development work. I suggest that sport in this sense is a viable vehicle for development, as it creates conditions where social networks, meaningful relationships and norms of trust and reciprocity (antecedents of social capital) can prevail. The theoretical lens used to make sense of my six month field work period is that of social capital. In the classical sense social capital is thought to be an asset for the elite and wealthy, but this dissertation shows that there is a nuanced manner in which social capital shifts and is tapped into by black adolescent girls through a sport-for-development program in a township setting. In this respect social capital is malleable and used in a variety of ways for different purposes as a means to culminate trusting relationships and acts of reciprocity. Social capital is therefore not necessarily a static and unchanging concept and will vary considerably across space and time. The dynamics of this process are evident throughout the thesis.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar bestaan 'n volgehoue poging deur regeringsdepartemente en spor –vir-ontwikkeling nie-regeringsorganisasies (NRO) om sport as 'n middel tot volhoubare sosiale ontwikkeling in voorheen benadeelde areas in Suid-Afrika aan te wend. Suid-Afrika wat as 'n ontwikkelende land beskou word en ook as 'n land waar sportprestasies en uitmuntendheid in sport hoog aangeslaan word, open 'n fassinerende interaksie tussen sport en ontwikkeling. Die vinnige groei van sport-vir-ontwikkeling die afgelope twee dekades op 'n internasionale sowel as nasionale vlak is tekenend daarvan dat sport as 'n instrument beskou word om ontwikkeling van kinders en die jeug in histories agtergeblewe streke te bevorder. Internasionale hulp organisasies soos die Verenigde Volkere en 'n verskeidenheid sport-vir- ontwikkeling NRO is op die voorpunt om sport op 'n opheffende wyse aan te wend. Dit is teen hierdie agtergrond dat die verhandeling poog om die verband tussen sport en ontwikkeling te ondersoek. Die kernvraag onderliggend aan die verhandeling is: wat is die verband tussen sport en ontwikkeling en meer spesifiek hoe ervaar jong swart meisies deelname aan die sport-vir-ontwikkeling program by die Mbekweni Gemeenskap Sportsentrum? Die verband word ondersoek deur middel van veldwerk wat by die sentrum oor 'n periode van ses maande gedoen is onder die deelnemers aan 'n sport-vir-ontwikkeling projek onder die vaandel van “Women and Girls in Leadership”(WGILS). WGILS maak voorsiening vir sport behoeftes van adolessente meisies in Mbekweni deur hulle sportgeleenthede te bied asook en lewensvaardighede sessies. Die program word geldelik gedryf deur die NRO, SCORE in samewerking met die Britse liefdadigheidsorganisasie, “Hope Through Action”. Laasgenoemde was verantwoordelik vir die bou van die nege miljoen rand Mbekweni Gemeenskap Sportsentrum in Mbekweni, 'n swart woonbuurt 60 km noord van Kaapstad. Die sentrale argument van die verhandeling is dat sport as sodanig nie ontwikkeling fasiliteer nie, maar wel as 'n beginpunt vir ontwikkelingswerk kan dien. Daar word gesuggereer dat sport op die wyse as 'n lewensvatbare instelling ter bevordering van ontwikkeling ingespan kan word aangesien dit die omstandighede skep waarbinne sosiale netwerke, betekenisvolle verhoudings en norme van betroubaarheid en wederkerigheid (voorlopers van sosiale kapitaal) kan gedy. Die teoretiese lens waardeur ek gepoog het om van die veldwerk sin te maak was dié van sosiale kapitaal. In die klassieke sin word sosiale kapitaal beskou as die prerogatief van die elite en welvarendes, maar die verhandeling demonstreer dat sosiale kapitaal op 'n genuanseerde wyse kan verskuif om jeugdige meisies in 'n sport-vir-ontwikkeling program in 'n swart woonbuurt te betrek. In die opsig kan sosiale kapitaal as aanpasbaar beskou word en met verskillende oogmerke aangewend word om vertrouensverhoudinge te stig en wederkerige dade te bewerkstellig. Sosiale kapitaal is derhalwe nie noodwendig 'n statiese en onveranderbare konsep nie, en kan oor tyd en plek aansienlik gewysig word. Die dinamika van die prosesse word deurgaans in die verhandeling aangetoon.
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Human, Oliver. "Between policy and patients : protocols and practice in HIV/AIDS treatment." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2553.
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Thesis (MA (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.In recent years the World Heath Organisation (WHO) has recomended standardising HIV/AIDS treatment. Standardisation is based upon a particular model of what occurs within the relationship between a doctor and a patient and is propogated through the application of protocols. This thesis aims to illustrate how a doctor deals with a protocol in the face of contexts over-laden with contingency and excess which the protocol does not account for and which standardisation excludes. In other words, it explores how doctors deal with the failures and restrictions of standardised medicine. The central question this thesis aims to answer is: How do doctors on the ground deal with the standardising demands of global, as well as national, institutions in the face of highly contingent daily realities? I aim to answer this question by critically analysing the relationship between global institutions and the effects of their policies on the ground level. I argue that global organisation such as the WHO attempt to limit the particularities and contingency of local contexts in order to ensure the internal coherence of their own policies. This is made possible through ‘interpretive communities’ of experts, as well as, the relative opacity of ground level actions. However, I also illustrate how doctors applying these protocols are not merely pawns in the state’s and global health organisations schemes but rather depend upon the opacity at ground level in order to ensure the well-being of those marginalised by protocols.
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Solomon, Inbal. "Exploring the militarization of Palestinian society: Cynthia Enloe's framework of militarization and Palestinian children." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27789.
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Recent literature has assessed the particular circumstances of Palestinian children, generally attempting to conceptualize them as either politically-charged and violent, or as marginalized citizens, victimized by dominating Israeli practices. This research attempts to broaden these conceptualizations, by exploring the relevance of Cynthia Enloe's (2000) concept of militarized maneuvering. Enloe postulates inter alia that militarization is a process which involves the obfuscation of the military's problematic nature for civil society and the almost taking for granted of military's (often violent) strategies; it occurs as societal conditions, discourses, definitions, attitudes, thoughts and expectations are produced (and re-produced). This thesis has employed an inductive qualitative study to explore the means through which Palestinian children may progress through the process of militarization, employing a coding approach to data analysis. It has studied Identity Card (1964), considered to be the "Palestinian national poem", written by "the Palestinian national poet", Mahmoud Darweish and has drawn reference to secondary literature detailing the impacts of the newly-constructed Israeli Separation Barrier on Palestinian populations. Palestinian populations may undergo the process of militarization through some of the available nationalist poetry, which offers discourses commemorating the historical connection of Palestinians with the land lost in 1948, and emphasizes the need for steadfastness, nationalism and resistance. This thesis has found that the barrier is a force which both directly and indirectly militarizes children's social conditions, exemplifying past (perceived) victimization, obstructing daily life, and oppressing Palestinians' future nation. It may also be interpreted to reinforce the desire for resistance, and therefore potentially garner support for militarized retaliatory acts against Israelis. This approach has illuminated an important and unexpected finding; the two seemingly disjoined realms of Palestinian society are undergirded by the abstract themes of collective memory and nationalism, suggesting that these are significant elements to the study of the militarization of Palestinian society, thereby offering a means to broaden the aforementioned traditional conceptualizations of Palestinian children.