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1
HALL, DAVID D. "WHAT WAS THE HISTORY OF THE BOOK? A RESPONSE." Modern Intellectual History 4, no. 3 (October 4, 2007): 537–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244307001400.
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The history of the book is everywhere, so widely diffused that it merits comparison with the famously elusive Scarlet Pimpernel, whose pursuers sought him without success. Like that figure, book history passes among us in disguise, reluctant to reveal its presence even as it gains ever-greater recognition. In some quarters, it lurks within the domain of bibliography, a field of scholarship dedicated to describing the histories of printed texts and, in the service of this enterprise, concerned with the details of book-making. Elsewhere, book history installs itself within descriptions of libraries and education, sharing, with the first of these, a concern for how old books were accumulated and classified and, with the second, for the many ramifications of literacy and the fashioning of schoolbooks. Together with the history of journalism it studies how news was disseminated and ponders the significance of periodicals, be these newspapers or magazines. Political history has been another convenient site of disguise in the wake of efforts to connect the public sphere and concepts of nation with the emergence of print culture. And, of course, book history has enjoyed a long and fruitful kinship with literary history, a relationship freshly energized in recent decades as literary historians turned to describing the rise and remaking of a canon and to emphasizing the mediations that all texts undergo—the “sociology of texts,” to borrow a phrase made famous by D. F. McKenzie. To this list we can add the version of intellectual history that reconstructs the reading of a person or group and employs this data to generalize about the coming of the Enlightenment and similar formations.
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Leach, Stephen. "History, Ethics and Philosophy: Bernard Williams’ Appraisal of R. G. Collingwood." Journal of the Philosophy of History 5, no. 1 (2011): 36–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187226311x555446.
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AbstractThe author examines Williams’ appraisal of Collingwood both in his eponymous essay on Collingwood, in the posthumously published Sense of the Past (2006), and elsewhere in his work. The similarities and differences between their philosophies are explored: in particular, with regard to the relationship between philosophy and history and the relationship between the study of history and our present-day moral attitudes. It is argued that, despite Williams usually being classified as an analytic philosopher and Collingwood being classified as an idealist, there is substantial common ground between them. Williams was aware of this and made clear his sympathy for Collingwood; but, nonetheless, the relationship between Williams and Collingwood has not previously been explored in any detail. After establishing the common ground between these philosophers, and the areas of disagreement, the author suggests that both may have something to gain from the other.
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Shihab, Sophie, Gilles Paris, Nicole Pope, and Lucien George. "View From Elsewhere." Index on Censorship 31, no. 1 (January 2002): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064220208537026.
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Jayasekera, Rohan. "Under cover of elsewhere." Index on Censorship 30, no. 4 (October 2001): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064220108536985.
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ROBBINS, BRUCE. "IN PUBLIC, OR ELSEWHERE: STEFAN COLLINI ON INTELLECTUALS." Modern Intellectual History 5, no. 1 (April 2008): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147924430700159x.
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The subject of Stefan Collini's Absent Minds is a “rich tradition of debate about the question of intellectuals” in twentieth-century Britain, in particular debate about “their absence or comparative insignificance” (1). The debate begins with the Dreyfus Affair and its unpredictable British reception (the queen, for example, was a believer in Dreyfus's innocence), simmers intriguingly through the 1920s and 1930s, and becomes positively effervescent in the 1950s, perhaps because of a new democratization of the public sphere. Collini is less interested in the possible historical causes than in the rhetorical structure that persists, swirling around figures as different as T. S. Eliot, R. G. Collingwood, George Orwell, A. J. P. Taylor, and A. J. Ayer, each of whom gets a full-length profile. Other chapters mix shorter profiles—for example, the devastatingly funny discussion of Colin Wilson and the authorities who briefly and embarrassingly made him a star in their firmament—with synthesis of the debate over intellectuals at different scales (for example, how it was shaped by particular periodicals and by the transition to electronic media) and in different national settings. Coming closer to the present, Collini admires Edward Said for what he did as an intellectual while disputing what he said about intellectuals—a celebration of rigorous exile from all social belonging, which could only leave the category of the intellectual looking almost totally uninhabited. The move turns out to be characteristic: it is as if Collini felt he could win a proper admiration for what intellectuals do only by rejecting most of their self-images, or evasion thereof.
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Rayner, Jeremy. "Philosophy into Dogma: The Revival of Cultural Conservatism." British Journal of Political Science 16, no. 4 (October 1986): 455–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000712340000452x.
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The conservative revival that has taken place on both sides of the Atlantic in recent years has been an intellectual as well as a practical accomplishment. That this remarkable fact has received scant attention from political theorists can be attributed to two main causes. First, and less important, there has been an understandable tendency to focus on personalities and party politics where expediency blurs the sharp outlines of doctrine. As President Reagan confronts the problems of a second-term presidency, as Mrs Thatcher's iron grip on her party seems to weaken and as Chancellor Kohl or Mr Mulroney make their inevitable compromises and evasions, the conservative politician in office is revealed to be not dissimilar to his liberal or socialist predecessor. Now – as Elie Kedourie noted when asking the question ‘Is neo-conservatism viable?’ back in 1982 – this is only to be expected. The constraints of democratic politics will inevitably narrow ideological differences until they appear to be little more than rhetoric. If there has been a conservative revival, its significant and enduring features must be sought elsewhere.
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Cherem, Max. "Refugee Rights: Against Expanding the Definition of a “Refugee” and Unilateral Protection Elsewhere." Journal of Political Philosophy 24, no. 2 (September 29, 2015): 183–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jopp.12071.
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Goodin, Robert E. "Public Service Utilitarianism as a Role Responsibility." Utilitas 10, no. 3 (November 1998): 320–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820800006245.
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Elsewhere I have defended utilitarianism as a philosophy peculiarly well suited to the conduct of public affairs, on grounds of the peculiar tasks and instruments confronting public officials. Here I add another plank to that defence of ‘utilitarianism as a public philosophy’, focusing on the peculiar role responsibilities of people serving in public capacities. Such ‘public service utilitarianism’ is incumbent not only upon public officials but also upon individuals in their capacities as citizens and voters. I close with reflections on how best to evoke appreciation of these utilitarian role responsibilities from officials and electors alike.
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Reynolds, Anthony. "Thinking the Ghost: Tragedy and the History of Theory." Derrida Today 14, no. 1 (May 2021): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/drt.2021.0252.
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In this paper I examine the role of tragedy in the ancient emergence of philosophical interiority and in the recent return of exteriority that marks the birth of theory. I argue that tragedy names a kind of epistemic threshold between systems of knowledge predicated on exteriority and interiority. I conclude by arguing that Derrida's late effort to articulate a messianic model of the tragic in Specters of Marx and elsewhere, his effort to “think the ghost,” both confirms and complicates tragedy's place in the history of theory.
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Pettersson, Olof. "Herdsmen and Stargazers: the Science of Philosophy in Plato’s Statesman." Polis: The Journal for Ancient Greek and Roman Political Thought 37, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 534–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/20512996-12340299.
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Abstract Together with the Sophist, Plato’s Statesman is often taken to introduce and develop a new scientific form of theoretical inquiry, represented by the Eleatic visitor. This paper draws on recent scholarship on the Sophist and evaluates the reliability of this scientific approach when applied to political matters in the Statesman. It analyzes how the Eleatic visitor identifies and tries to mend two central mistakes in his own initial definition of the statesman and argues that the visitor’s treatment of three related topics – eugenics, tyranny and law – makes his line of reasoning inconsistent. Relying on Plato’s dramatic use of similar forms of argumentation elsewhere, it suggests that the Statesman is not designed to defend the political significance of the visitor’s new form of scientific philosophy, but that its purpose instead is to test and to critically examine the consequences of this line of inquiry.
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Shionoya, Yuichi. "Scope and Method of Schumpeter's Universal Social Science: Economic Sociology, Instrumentalism, and Rhetoric." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 26, no. 3 (September 2004): 331–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1042771042000263821.
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This paper brings together and expands methodological ideas on Joseph Alois Schumpeter that I have discussed in detail and at length elsewhere (Shionoya 1997). Schumpeter is known for his wide-ranging work, and I interpret it as an attempt a universal social science consisting of three systems of thought: i.e., substantive theory, metatheory, and pretheory. These three systems stand for the scope and method of his universal social science.
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Keita, Touré. "Radio Trottoir." Index on Censorship 15, no. 5 (May 1986): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064228608534098.
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Judt, Tony. "Rights in France : reflections on the etiolation of a political language." Tocqueville Review 14, no. 1 (January 1993): 67–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.14.1.67.
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The last decade in France has seen an efflorescence of self-consciously liberal political thought. The reasons for this have been well-rehearsed elsewhere ; the discrediting of marxism, in practice and in theory ; the stabilisation and "pluralisation" of the political system ; rapid transformation of the economy and an accompanying interest in the American model. The latter enthusiasm has been echoed in the intellectual community by a new attention to works of political philosophy in the anglo-american tradition, many of which have recently been translated for the first time.
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Duschinsky, Robbie. "Attachment and the archive: barriers and facilitators to the use of historical sociology as complementary developmental science." Science in Context 32, no. 3 (September 2019): 309–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889719000243.
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ArgumentThis article explores historical sociology as a complementary source of knowledge for scientific research, considering barriers and facilitators to this work through reflections on one project. This project began as a study of the emergence and reception of the infant disorganized attachment classification, introduced in the 1980s by Ainsworth’s student Mary Main, working with Judith Solomon. Elsewhere I have reported on the findings of collaborative work with attachment researchers, without giving full details of how this came about. Here, I will offer personal reflections arising from the process, and my work in what Hasok Chang has called history as “complementary science.”
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Katz, Jackson. "Bystander Training as Leadership Training: Notes on the Origins, Philosophy, and Pedagogy of the Mentors in Violence Prevention Model." Violence Against Women 24, no. 15 (March 15, 2018): 1755–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801217753322.
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This article outlines the origins, philosophy, and pedagogy of the Mentors in Violence Prevention (MVP) program, which has played a significant role in the gender violence prevention field since its inception in 1993. MVP was one of the first large-scale programs to target men for prevention efforts, as well as the first to operate systematically in sports culture and the U.S. military. MVP also introduced the “bystander” approach to the field. MVP employs a social justice, gender-focused approach to prevention. Key features of this approach are described and contrasted with individualistic, events-based strategies that have proliferated on college campuses and elsewhere in recent years.
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O'FLAHERTY, NIALL. "WILLIAM PALEY'S MORAL PHILOSOPHY AND THE CHALLENGE OF HUME: AN ENLIGHTENMENT DEBATE?" Modern Intellectual History 7, no. 1 (February 26, 2010): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244309990254.
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This essay offers a reassessment of William Paley's Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy (1785). It focuses on his defence of religious ethics from challenges laid down in David Hume's Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals (1751). By restoring the context of theological/philosophical debate to Paley's thinking about ethics, the essay attempts to establish his genuine commitment to a worldly theology and to a programme of human advancement. This description of orthodox thought takes us beyond the bipolar debate about whether intellectual culture in the period was religious or secular: it was clearly religious; the question is: what kind of religion? It also makes questionable the view that England was somehow isolated from so-called Enlightenment currents of thought that were thriving elsewhere on the Continent. The “science of man”, far from being the sole preserve of Scottish and continental thinkers, also provided the basis for moral thought in eighteenth-century England.
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WÜNDISCH, JOACHIM. "Green Votes not Green Virtues: Effective Utilitarian Responses to Climate Change." Utilitas 26, no. 2 (December 19, 2013): 192–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820813000307.
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Implementing strategies to address climate change confronts us with an enormous collective action problem. Dale Jamieson argues that in order to avoid large-scale defection and, therefore, the collapse of any cooperative effort to curb climate change, utilitarians should become virtue theorists. As a tool to combat climate change, virtue change faces severe obstacles. First, the non-contingent green virtues envisioned by Jamieson are highly implausible. Second, even if such virtues could function, their inculcation would take too long to make the approach viable. Third, given its inherent inflexibility, virtue change is ill equipped to deal with the great scientific uncertainty created by climate change. To combat climate change utilitarians are well advised to look elsewhere: green votes and state sanctions.
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LEE, Sang Dong. "Medical knowledge of medieval physician on the cause of plague during 1347/8-1351: traditional understandings to poison theory." Korean Journal of Medical History 31, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 363–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.13081/kjmh.2022.31.363.
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This article sets its investigative goal on determining the medical knowledge of medieval physicians from 1347-8 to 1351 concerning the causes of plague. As the plague killed a third of Europe’s population, the contemporary witness at the time perceived God as the sender of this plague to punish the human society. However, physicians separated the religious and cultural explanation for the cause of this plague and instead seek the answer to this question elsewhere. Developing on traditional medical knowledges, physicians classified the possible range of the plague’s causes into two areas: universal cause and individual/particular causes. In addition, they also sought to explain the causes by employing the traditional miasma-humoral theory. Unlike the previous ones, however, the plague during 1347-8 to 1351 killed the patients indiscriminately and also incredibly viciously. This phenomenon could not be explained by merely using the traditional medical knowledge and this idiosyncrasy led the physicians employ the poison theory to explain the causes of plague more pragmatically.
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Adams, Marcus P. "Hobbes, Definitions, and Simplest Conceptions." Hobbes Studies 27, no. 1 (June 6, 2014): 35–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18750257-02701001.
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Several recent commentators argue that Thomas Hobbes’s account of the nature of science is conventionalist. Engaging in scientific practice on a conventionalist account is more a matter of making sure one connects one term to another properly rather than checking one’s claims, e.g., by experiment. In this paper, I argue that the conventionalist interpretation of Hobbesian science accords neither with Hobbes’s theoretical account in De corpore and Leviathan nor with Hobbes’s scientific practice in De homine and elsewhere. Closely tied to the conventionalist interpretation is the deductivist interpretation, on which it is claimed that Hobbes believed sciences such as optics are deduced from geometry. I argue that Hobbesian science places simplest conceptions as the foundation for geometry and the sciences in which we use geometry, which provides strong evidence against both the conventionalist and deductivist interpretations.
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WHITHAM, WILLIAM. "A Reconsideration of John Stuart Mill's Account of Political Violence." Utilitas 26, no. 4 (August 8, 2014): 409–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820814000168.
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The received view that John Stuart Mill opposed the use of violence to attain desirable political goals has been undermined by authors stressing Mill's defence of revolutionary causes during his lifetime and his efforts to outline a justificatory theory of political violence. In light of this scholarship, claims of Mill's ostensible ‘gradualism’ with regard to the appropriate methods and pace of social progress may merit reassessment. At the same time Mill's account appears to sanction violence that respects criteria of justice but not of expediency and vice versa, making it untenable as a cogent guide for carrying out or evaluating acts of violence. That this tension is analogous to tensions elsewhere in Mill's writings provides more evidence for the view that his theoretical project was a systematic one, and raises new questions about his philosophical enterprise.
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Duncan, Stewart. "Hobbes, Signification, and Insignificant Names." Hobbes Studies 24, no. 2 (2011): 158–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187502511x597685.
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AbstractThe notion of signification is an important part of Hobbes's philosophy of language. It also has broader relevance, as Hobbes argues that key terms used by his opponents are insignificant. However Hobbes's talk about names' signification is puzzling, as he appears to have advocated conflicting views. This paper argues that Hobbes endorsed two different views of names' signification in two different contexts. When stating his theoretical views about signification, Hobbes claimed that names signify ideas. Elsewhere he talked as if words signified the things they named. Seeing this does not just resolve a puzzle about Hobbes's statements about signification. It also helps us to understand how Hobbes's arguments about insignificant speech work. With one important exception, they depend on the view that names signify things, not on Hobbes's stated theory that words signify ideas. The paper concludes by discussing whether arguments about insignificant speech can provide independent support for Hobbes's views about other issues, such as materialism.
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Lindstrom, Fred B., and Ronald A. Hardert. "Kimball Young on the Chicago School." Sociological Perspectives 31, no. 3 (July 1988): 298–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389200.
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Editors' Introduction: Elsewhere in this journal is the article “Kimball Young on Founders of the Chicago School.” As with that article, the following material is taken from the 1968 seminar offered by Kimball Young at Arizona State University, a seminar attended by the editors. These lectures chronicle Young's contacts with George Herbert Mead of the University of Chicago's philosophy department, touch on his student contacts with the political scientist Harold Lasswell, and contain Young's comments upon a number of Chicago faculty and student sociologists he knew: Herbert Blumer, Ernest Watson Burgess, John Dollard, Ellsworth Faris, Philip M. Hauser, Everett Cherrington Hughes, Helen McGill Hughes, Morris Janowitz, William Fielding Ogburn, Robert E. Park, Edward Shils, David Riesman, Samuel A. Stouffer, W. I. Thomas, W. Lloyd Warner, and Louis Wirth.
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Wolf, Klaus. "Promoting the Positive Development of Foster Children: Establishing Research in Germany." Adoption & Fostering 36, no. 1 (April 2012): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030857591203600106.
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Research into foster care is less developed in Germany than in the UK or US and there are few national practice standards. In 2006, a research centre was established at the University of Siegen to improve the situation. Klaus Wolf describes the work undertaken so far and discusses the aims and philosophy underpinning the programme. He explains how research relevant to practice is combined with studies that have theoretical value in their own right, and how a combination of these informs current debates about foster care in Germany and elsewhere.
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Lesieur, Henry R., and Richard J. Rosenthal. "Pathological gambling: A review of the literature (prepared for the American Psychiatric Association task force on DSM-IV committee on disorders of impulse control not elsewhere classified)." Journal of Gambling Studies 7, no. 1 (1991): 5–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01019763.
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Kurfirst, Robert. "Beyond Malthusianism: Demography and Technology in John Stuart Mill's Stationary State." Utilitas 3, no. 1 (May 1991): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820800000856.
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In his evaluation of the major social reform movements of his era, Mill chastised well-meaning reformers for their reluctance to elevate Malthusianism to a position of prominence in their efforts. He was convinced that the key to the material, mental, and moral improvement of the poor and the workers lay in a reduction of their physical numbers and in the behavioural modifications entailed by such a diminution, whereas most other reformers looked elsewhere for solutions. A favourite assumption about the proper means for effecting social reform was that economic growth served as an effective and almost automatic instrument for improving society. Then, as now, an unquestioned faith in the capacity of a progressive economy to stimulate gains in per capita income for the lower classes set the terms for the discussion.1 However, by suggesting that broader and more intensive economic development without a corresponding reduction in the rate of population increase would not generate material gains for those living in indigence, let alone the broader socio-cultural progress that was to have followed closely upon its heels, Mill casts aspersions upon the ‘false ideal’ of economic growth which informed many grand programmes for social progress.
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Morel, Pierre-Marie. "Eudémonisme politique et ontologie de l’action dans la Politique d’Aristote (Pol., VII, 3, 1325b14-32)." Polis: The Journal for Ancient Greek and Roman Political Thought 36, no. 1 (March 22, 2019): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/20512996-12340193.
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Abstract In the last lines of Politics VII, 3, Aristotle states that the happy city acts nobly. This implies that the city has a practical life, and that this life has its end in itself. This claim seems to contradict the famous distinction, which has been made elsewhere by Aristotle, between the practical and theoretical (or contemplative) lives. It is argued in this paper that there is, here, neither contradiction nor inconsistency in Aristotle’s conception of human action. Some readings, according to which this passage deals with the role of the philosophers in the happy city, are also ruled out. The proposed solution consists in showing that this text refers to a broader conception of action, one that is beyond the sphere of human practical activities: any genuine praxis has its goal in itself, even when it produces external effects.
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Kelly, P. J. "Taking Utilitarianism Seriously." Utilitas 8, no. 3 (November 1996): 341–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820800005045.
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With a book as wide ranging and insightful as Barry's Justice as Impartiality, it is perhaps a little churlish to criticize it for paying insufficient attention to one's own particular interests. That said, in what follows I am going to do just that and claim that in an important sense Barry does not take utilitarianism seriously. Utilitarianism does receive some discussion in Barry's book, and in an important section which I will discuss he even appears to concede that utilitarianism provides a rival though ultimately inadequate theory of justice. Nevertheless, utilitarianism is not considered a rival to ‘justice as impartiality’ in the way that ‘justice as mutual advantage’ and ‘justice as reciprocity’ are. One response, and perhaps the only adequate response, would be to construct a rival utilitarian theory. I cannot provide such a theory in this paper, and I certainly would be very cautious about claiming that I could provide such a theory elsewhere. What I want to suggest is that utilitarianism is a genuine third theory to contrast with ‘justice as mutual advantage’ and ‘justice as impartiality’ – ‘justice as reciprocity’ being merely a hybrid of ‘justice as mutual advantage’, at least as Barry presents it (pp. 46–51). I also want to argue that it poses a more significant challenge to a contractualist theory such as Barry's than his discussion of utilitarianism reveals.
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Hendrikse, Reijer. "The Rise of Neo-Illiberalism." Krisis | Journal for Contemporary Philosophy 41, no. 1 (June 15, 2021): 65–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/krisis.40.2.37158.
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This paper expands on the notion neo-illiberalism, signifying a symbiosis between neoliberal capitalism and variegated illiberal nationalisms, offering deeper reflections on its geopolitics, key drivers, and conceptual puzzles. It is argued that the West has entered an age of political illiberalization, replicating political operating logics of variegated illiberal(izing) regimes elsewhere, corroding domestic institutions and the western-dominated international liberal order, constituting an historic geopolitical shift. Although centrist parties have been variably attracted to the far right, particularly seeing center-right parties reinvent themselves as nationalist challengers to the ‘globalist’ status quo, in power they mostly radicalize the neoliberal encasement of capital, transforming a range of liberal-democratic institutions, procedures, and rights into illiberal political fortifications. Neoliberalism’s illiberal mutation is being realized amidst the intersections of rampant financial offshoring and digitization defining contemporary capitalism, allowing billionaire-class factions to ‘hack’ liberal-democratic governments and operating systems. With the rollout of data-driven technologies increasingly requiring the rollback of liberal protections by design, the fusion of digitizing capitalism and illiberal nationalisms is increasingly escaping accepted notions of liberalism.
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Shahar, Golan. "The Nature of the Beast: Commentary on “Can There Be a Recovery-Oriented Diagnostic Practice?”." Journal of Humanistic Psychology 59, no. 3 (June 20, 2018): 346–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022167818777653.
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Pavlo, Flanagam, Leither, and Davidson attempt to reconcile the recovery movement in mental health service with a formal diagnostic practice is as courageous as it is timely. Acknowledging this, I note several points of convergence and divergence with the authors’ views. Points of convergence include (1) the inevitability of a diagnostic system when working with (severe) mental illness, (2) the importance of going beyond signs and symptoms in capturing the unique characteristics of the person, (3) the focus on humanistic values, particularly the emphasis on a collaborative assessment and on human strengths, in the diagnostic process, and (4) the role of future-oriented thinking in diagnosis. Divergence with the authors concerns (1) my own reliance on descriptive psychiatry, with its focus on signs and symptoms, as a part and parcel of an effective diagnosis, (2) the potential benefits of psychological tests, for example, self-report questionnaires and projective procedures over and above the clinical interview, and (3) my emphasis on mental representations of self-with-others, termed here and elsewhere as “agents in relations,” as the building blocks of personality and psychopathology.
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REITAN, RICHARD. "VÖLKERPSYCHOLOGIEAND THE APPROPRIATION OF “SPIRIT” IN MEIJI JAPAN." Modern Intellectual History 7, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 495–522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244310000211.
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Conceptions of Geist (mind/spirit) associated with German Romanticism shaped ideologies of national folk, not only in Europe but elsewhere in the world. In Meiji Japan (1868–1912) psychologists drew upon Volkerpsychologie (folk psychology) and Geist to create a narrative of Japanese folk mind/spirit. Here, spirit functioned as a “hidden essence” which substantiated the integrity of the folk, positioned the folk hierarchically in opposition to other societies, and explained (and presented correctives to) the fragmentation of Japanese society. Japanese psychologists, I argue, appropriated the narrative form of Geist discourse, retaining its ideological power even as they altered its substance by divesting German psychology of its orientalist and Christian content. Attention to Japan's engagement with nineteenth-century German psychology will contribute to a more thorough account of the production of “spirit” in Meiji Japan and to a critique of present-day exclusionary ideologies of Japanese spirit and identity.
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ASPENGREN, HENRIK C. "Sociological knowledge and colonial power in Bombay around the First World War." British Journal for the History of Science 44, no. 4 (October 27, 2010): 533–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087410001305.
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AbstractBy the turn of the twentieth century a distinct ‘social domain’ – along with its constituent parts, problems and internal dynamics – was turned into a political entity, and a concern for state bureaucracies existed across the industrializing world. Specific motivations for this trend may have varied from location to location, but included arguments for higher industrial productivity and less political discontent, often intertwined with a humanitarian impulse in calls for better housing, expanded public health or improved working conditions. As has been well documented, the politicization of the social domain in early twentieth-century Britain owes much to the consolidation of British sociology as a distinct discipline. Yet while the link between the rise of social politics and sociology has been established with regard to Britain, little has been said about the occurrence of this coupling elsewhere in the twentieth-century British Empire. This article aims to rectify that omission by showing the interplay between newly raised social concerns of the colonial administration in the Bombay Presidency, Western British India, and the establishing of sociological research within the borders of the Presidency around the time of the First World War. The article will explore how the colonial administration in Bombay planned to meet new demands for sociological knowledge in colonial state policy, how sociology was subsequently introduced into the Presidency as a research subject, and how new sociological methods were applied in actual colonial government.
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Tarcov, Nathan. "Introduction to Two Unpublished Lectures by Leo Strauss." Review of Politics 69, no. 4 (2007): 513–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670507000940.
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These two lectures by Leo Strauss, “What Can We Learn from Political Theory?” delivered in July 1942, and “The Re-education of Axis Countries Concerning the Jews,” delivered November 7, 1943, include not only Strauss's most elaborate statement about the relation of political philosophy and political practice (in the first), but what may well be his fullest written public statements about matters of contemporary foreign policy. Both lectures obviously were carefully considered, composed, and corrected, but Strauss did not attempt to publish either. He may have had second thoughts about some of the arguments he advanced in these lectures, or he may simply have chosen to concentrate his literary efforts elsewhere. Other lectures he prepared during this period but did not publish himself have since been published: “The Living Issues of German Postwar Philosophy,” delivered April 1940 at Syracuse University, and “Reason and Revelation,” delivered January 1948 at Hartford Theological Seminary, both in Heinrich Meier, Leo Strauss and the Theologico-Political Problem (Cambridge University Press, 2006); “German Nihilism,” delivered to the New School's General Seminar February 26, 1941, is in Interpretation 26:3 (Spring 1999).
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Stopford, Richard. "Teaching feminism: Problems of critical claims and student certainty." Philosophy & Social Criticism 46, no. 10 (February 13, 2020): 1203–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0191453720903473.
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Learning about feminism can be a revelation for many students. However, for others, it can be a confounding, troubling experience. These difficulties return as problems for the teacher: how to help sceptical, resistant students understand the theory. Moreover, understanding what can be so troubling about learning feminism helps us to better understand the situation of feminist modules in the contexts of broader humanities curricula. Obviously, these are complex issues, and I wish to focus on just two specific points: how feminist theories make critical claims and the challenges that emerge for students as a result; how feminist theory claims find challenges in student certainty. Firstly, feminist theory claims, which describe sociocultural states of affairs while at the same time destabilising them, are operating with critical norms. These critical norms are at odds with norms of descriptive theory claims that students find elsewhere in their curriculum. As such, I want to explore the effects of this clash in student learning experience, and the difficulties that teachers face a result. In the second part of the article, I use Wittgenstein’s analysis of certainty to explore how feminist theory claims often challenge the very foundations of students’ understanding of themselves, and the world around them. As such, learning in the feminist classroom is not merely an issue of learning about and then adjudicating between theories. Feminist theories implicate the way in which we live, and the conditions of intelligibility for theories as such. In light of my discussions, I do not think there are onesize solutions to these issues. However, I think that recognising these problems in theory can help us to articulate them in the classroom, and this might go some way to alleviating the structural challenges faced by teachers of feminism.
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Enyegue, Jean Luc. "SPIRITUAL DIRECTION IN AN AFRICAN CONTEXT: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES." Perspectiva Teológica 53, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.20911/21768757v53n2p353/2021.
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An upset spiritual director just ended a retreat with a group of African priests because they could not observe strict silence. Similar situations elsewhere on the continent led a young African student to raise the question of the suitability of sixteenth-century Spiritual Exercises to modern Africans. This essay acknowledges the challenges facing spiritual directors to “accurately” apply the method of the Spiritual Exercises in a diverse and ever-evolving, noisy and busy world. From the concrete experience of this group of priests, it argues for the suitability of the Exercises to the African context based on the adaptability and flexibility inherent in Ignatius’ Spiritual Exercise and subsequent directories. The particular crisis between this director and his retreatants, however, also presents a unique opportunity for retreat directors to find creative ways to accommodate retreatants with specific needs, and to communicate the message of the Exercises in a way that is both accessible to and respectful of the African worldview. KEYWORDS: Retreat Director. Diocesan African Context. Blended Retreat. Confession and Narrativity.
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YU, KENNETH W. "FROMMYTHOSTOLOGOS: JEAN-PIERRE VERNANT, MAX WEBER, AND THE NARRATIVE OF OCCIDENTAL RATIONALIZATION." Modern Intellectual History 14, no. 2 (September 24, 2015): 477–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244315000323.
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This article begins with a remark by Jean-Pierre Vernant in his inaugural lecture at the Collège de France about the inadequacy of Max Weber's historical sociology for the study of ancient religions. Despite posing shared research questions and often reaching similar conclusions, Vernant, one of the most influential twentieth-century ancient historians, neither engaged nor acknowledged Weber and thereby secured his absence in the field of ancient religions generally. Vernant's narrative of the historical emergence of Greek rationality is at direct odds with Weber's views on the matter inSociology of Religionand elsewhere, and I argue that, beyond methodological concerns, Vernant's fundamentally Durkheimian position inherits early twentieth-century polemics between French and German sociologists. Vernant's relationships with Marcel Mauss, Ignace Meyerson, and Claude Lévi-Strauss, and his participation in the French Resistance, moreover, reaffirmed his Durkheimian views about society and committed him to a long tradition of anti-German scholarship. I conclude with a brief coda on the historiographical implications of these observations for the study of religion and its relation to social life.
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Kang, Byoung Yoong. "Review and Prospects of Taiwanese Philosophy Scholarship in South Korea." Asian Studies 8, no. 3 (September 22, 2020): 111–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2020.8.3.111-137.
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This study examined how Taiwanese philosophy has been received and researched in South Korea since its start to the present day. It takes the form of a survey, classifying the articles about Taiwanese philosophy which were published in South Korea over the years from 1994 to 2018 by the theme. It selected nine philosophers whose influence was profound in Taiwanese philosophy and observed the currents in the scholarship on each philosopher. The names of the selected philosophers are: Fang Thomé H., Hu Shi, Huang Chun-chieh, Lin Yutang, Liu Shuxian (Liu Shu-hsien), Mou Zongsan, Tang Junyi (Tang Chun-I), Xu Fuguan, Yu Yingshi (Yu Ying-shih). Sixty-one related papers were summarized and reviewed, and each of them was classified by the publication date, author, language, publisher and keywords. The survey revealed the limitations in Asian philosophy scholarship with regard to Taiwanese philosophy in South Korea, in terms of both quantity and quality. The survey also suggested a possible solution to these limitations and directions for scholars in the future. The study thus serves as a foundation that can boost discussion and the balanced development of South Korean philosophy studies, as well as of Asian philosophy in general.
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Norris, Pippa. "Varieties of populist parties." Philosophy & Social Criticism 45, no. 9-10 (October 29, 2019): 981–1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0191453719872279.
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Can parties such as the Swedish Democrats, the Jobbik Movement for a Better Hungary, the UK Independence Party and the Italian Lega Nord all be classified consistently as part of the same family? Part I of this study summarizes the conceptual framework arguing that the traditional post-war Left-Right cleavage in the electorate and party competition has faded, overlaid by divisions over authoritarian-libertarianism and populism-pluralism. Building on this, part II discusses the pros and cons of alternative methods for gathering evidence useful to classify party positions. Part III describes how these are measured in this study, using Chapel Hill Expert Survey data in 2014 and 2017, and how they are mapped on a multidimensional issue space. Part IV compares European political parties on these scales – including Authoritarian-Populist parties – across a wide range of European countries. The conclusion in part V draws together the main findings and considers their implications.
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Asmuki, Achmad Yusuf, and Abdul Aziz. "Multicultural-Based Curriculum Conception." AL MURABBI 6, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.35891/amb.v6i1.2436.
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This study aims to describe about 1) Classification of multicultural-based curriculum in various points of view, (2) Principles and Principles of multicultural-based education curriculum preparation. This research is designed in the form of library research. The results of this study concluded that (1) classification of Multicultural Based Curriculum from three points of view, namely First: Concept and Implementation Perspective is classified into 3 namely (a) Ideal Curriculum (b) Factual Curriculum, and (c) Hidden Curriculum. Second: The Structure and Subject Matter Perspective is classified into 4 i.e. (a) Sparated Curriculum. (b) Broad Fields Curriculum (c) and. (4) Integrated Curriculum. Third: The Scope of Use perspective is classified into 3 i.e. (a) national curriculum, (b) state curriculum,(c) and school curriculum.
(2) Principles in designing a multicultural-based curriculum namely (a) The Principle of Child Psychology, (b) the Principle of National Sociology, (c) the Principle of Development of World Science and Technology, and (d) the Principle of Pancasila as the Philosophy of the Nation. While the Principles of Curriculum Preparation in Multicultural Education include: (a) relevance principle, (b) flexibility, (c) continuity, (d) efficient, and (e) effective.
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Bannister, Frank, and Dan Remenyi. "Acts of Faith: Instinct, Value and it Investment Decisions." Journal of Information Technology 15, no. 3 (September 2000): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026839620001500305.
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Although well over 1000 journal articles, conference papers, books, technical notes and theses have been written on the subject of information technology (IT) evaluation, only a relatively small subset of this literature has been concerned with the core issues of what precisely is meant by the term ‘value’ and with the process of making (specifically) IT investment decisions. All too often, the problem and highly complex issue of value is either simplified, ignored or assumed away. Instead the focus of much of the research to date has been on evaluation methodologies and, within this literature, there are different strands of thought which can be classified as partisan, composite and meta approaches to evaluation. Research shows that a small number of partisan techniques are used by most decision makers with a minority using a single technique and a majority using a mixture of such techniques of whom a substantial minority use a formal composite approach. It is argued that, in mapping the set of evaluation methodologies on to what is termed the investment opportunity space, that there is a limit to what can be achieved by formal rational evaluation methods. This limit becomes evident when decision makers fall back on ‘gut feel’ and other non-formal/rigorous ways of making decisions. It is suggested that an understanding of these more complex processes and decision making, in IT as elsewhere, needs tools drawn from philosophy and psychology.
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Ehrlich, Dror. "R. Joseph Albo's Discussion of the Proofs for the Existence of God." Journal of Jewish Thought and Philosophy 15, no. 2 (2007): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/105369907782398535.
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AbstractIn his Sefer ha-'Ikkarim [Book of Principles] R. Joseph Albo discusses Maimonides' proofs for the existence of God. The following paper offers an analysis of Albo's discussion of the proofs, advancing two theses: (1) Albo's main argument in his central discussion is that proofs for the existence of God cannot be based on the theory of the eternity of the universe. This argument, however, is contradicted by his other remarks on the topic, which appear elsewhere in the Sefer ha-'Ikkarim. (2) Albo's discussion of this issue includes several expressions of independent and critical thought.
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Wæver, Ole. "The Sociology of a Not So International Discipline: American and European Developments in International Relations." International Organization 52, no. 4 (1998): 687–727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081898550725.
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The international relations (IR) discipline is dominated by the American research community. Data about publication patterns in leading journals document this situation as well as a variance in theoretical orientations. IR is conducted differently in different places. The main patterns are explained through a sociology of science model that emphasizes the different nineteenth-century histories of the state, the early format of social science, and the institutionalized delineation among the different social sciences. The internal social and intellectual structure of American IR is two-tiered, with relatively independent subfields and a top layer defined by access to the leading journals (on which IR, in contrast to some social sciences, has a high consensus). The famous successive “great debates” serve an important function by letting lead theorists focus and structure the whole discipline. IR in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom has historically been structured differently, often with power vested more locally. American IR now moves in a direction that undermines its global hegemony. The widespread turn to rational choice privileges a reintegration (and status-wise rehabilitation) with the rest of political science over attention to IR practices elsewhere. This rationalistic turn is alien to Europeans, both because their IR is generally closer to sociology, philosophy, and anthropology, and because the liberal ontological premises of rational choice are less fitting to European societies. Simultaneously, European IR is beginning to break the local power bastions and establish independent research communities at a national or, increasingly, a European level. As American IR turns from global hegemony to national professionalization, IR becomes more pluralistic.
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JONES-KATZ, GREGORY. "“THE BRIDES OF DECONSTRUCTION AND CRITICISM” AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF FEMINISM IN THE NORTH AMERICAN ACADEMY." Modern Intellectual History 17, no. 2 (June 28, 2018): 413–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244318000318.
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“The Brides of Deconstruction and Criticism,” an informal group of feminist literary critics active at Yale University during the 1970s, were inspired by second-wave feminist curriculum, activities, and thought, as well as by the politics of the women's and gay liberation movements, in their effort to intervene into patterns of female effacement and marginalization. By the early 1980s, while helping direct deconstructive reading away from the self-subversiveness of French and English prose and poetry, the Brides made groundbreaking contributions to—and in several cases founded—fields of scholarly inquiry. During the late 1980s, these feminist deconstructionists, having overcome resistance from within Yale's English Department and elsewhere, used their works as social and political acts to help pave the way for the successes of cultural studies in the North American academy. Far from a supplément to what Barbara Johnson boldly called the “Male School,” the Brides of Deconstruction and Criticism arguably were the Yale school. Examining the distinct but interrelated projects of Yale's feminist deconstructive moment and how local and contingent events as well as the national climate, rather than the importation of so-called French theory, informed this moment gives us a clearer rendering of the story of deconstruction.
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Miller, David. "Lockeans versus nationalists on territorial rights." Politics, Philosophy & Economics 18, no. 4 (May 30, 2018): 323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470594x18779147.
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This article examines A. J. Simmons’ Lockean theory of territorial rights and defends the superiority of the rival nationalist theory that he rejects. It begins by arguing that all philosophical accounts of territory need to be supplemented by nonideal theory to address real-world territorial conflicts. Turning to the Lockean theory, it points out that if territorial rights are to emerge from individual property rights in land, such rights must be robust. But on Simmons’ account, individuals only have natural property rights in material things involved in their ongoing purposive activities. Thus, a state founded on such rights would be vulnerable to having neglected parts of its territory expropriated by outsiders. It might also have to downsize in response to population increases elsewhere. Nationalist theories base territorial rights on the collective occupation and transformation of land by groups with shared identities. Three charges against such theories are rebutted: (1) The idea of cohesive national cultures is a myth, in the face of internal cultural diversity. (2) Despite their appeal to history, nationalist theories privilege current possessors of land at the expense of the dispossessed. (3) Such theories cannot solve the problem of ‘trapped minorities’ who don’t share the national identity of the majority.
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Banyard, Victoria, Sherry Hamby, Ed de St. Aubin, and John Grych. "Values Narratives for Personal Growth: Formative Evaluation of the Laws of Life Essay Program." Journal of Humanistic Psychology 59, no. 2 (December 3, 2015): 269–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022167815618494.
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Evidence that even very brief writing exercises can change the way people see themselves and promote more positive mental and physical health has led to increased interest in their use in school settings and elsewhere. To date, however, research designs rely heavily on samples of college students and experimental studies of writing tasks carried out in the lab. There has been less investigation of the potential impact of more naturally occurring expressive writing exercises that exist in places like schools and that focus on adolescents. The current study was a process evaluation of the Laws of Life Essay, a values-based narrative program that was part of participants’ secondary school experience. It examined participants’ views of the impact of the program on their personal growth and, given the age range of participants, allowed for process evaluation of its perceived short- and long-term effects. Qualitative, semistructured interviews with 55 adolescent and adult participants were collected. Themes in participants’ responses included the importance of reflection and reappraisal of values, adversity, and relationships. Participants also discussed the importance of an audience for their writing, a novel finding that suggests one possible way to increase the impact of other narrative programs. Participants described variability in their engagement with expressive writing. This is one of the few studies that examined participants’ own views of the value of expressive writing and their responses suggest directions for future research and implications for designing expressive writing tasks to support social emotional learning and character education in schools and promote well-being at key developmental moments.
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Rönnedal, Daniel. "Perfect Happiness." Symposion 8, no. 1 (2021): 89–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/symposion2021814.
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In this paper, I will develop a new theory of the nature of happiness, or “perfect happiness.” I will examine what perfect happiness is and what it is not and I will try to answer some fundamental questions about this property. According to the theory, which I shall call “the fulfillment theory,” perfect happiness is perfect fulfillment. The analysis of happiness in this paper is a development of the old idea that happiness is getting what you want and can be classified as a kind of desire-satisfaction theory. According to the fulfillment theory of happiness, it is necessarily the case that an individual x is perfectly happy if and only if all x’s wants are fulfilled. The interpretation of this basic definition is important, since the consequences of the particular version defended in this essay are radically different from the consequences of many other popular theories of happiness. The fulfillment theory is also quite different from most other desire-satisfaction theories of happiness. We will see that it has many interesting consequences and that it can be defended against some potentially serious counterarguments. The upshot is that the analysis of (perfect) happiness developed in the present paper is quite attractive.
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Borradori, Giovanna. "Between transparency and surveillance." Philosophy & Social Criticism 42, no. 4-5 (January 6, 2016): 456–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0191453715623321.
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The recent wave of whistleblowers and cyber-dissidents, from Julian Assange to Edward Snowden, has declared war against surveillance. In this context, transparency is presented as an attainable political goal that can be delivered in flesh and bones by spectacular and quasi-messianic moments of disclosure. The thesis of this article is that, despite its progressive promise, the project of releasing classified documents is in line with the Orwellian cold war trope of Big Brother rather than with the complex geography of surveillance today. By indicting the US federal government as the principal agent of surveillance, the ‘logic of the leak’ obfuscates that today’s surveillance is conducted mostly by the private sector in the form of dataveillance. What should we think, then, of this new fetish of transparency? Is it a symptom of the castigation of a desire for surveillance, the wish to be constantly observed and closely inspected? I claim that the meaning of the ‘expository society’, as Bernard Harcourt calls it, depends on how we interpret secrets. For secrets are not only temporary conditions of occultation that can, and should, be indiscriminately exposed, but sites of agency. In this perspective, the emancipatory promise hangs on the right to the secret, assumed as the right not to answer and not to belong.
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Yogev, Haim, Ronen Cohen, and Eyal Lewin. "Military Leadership by Intellectual Officers: A Case Study of the IDF." Journal of Strategic Security 15, no. 4 (January 2022): 51–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.15.4.2044.
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Morris Janowitz believed that for an army to be victorious it needs to be led by as many intellectual forces as possible, just as any organization needs organizational intellectualism to prosper. It is agreed in scholarly literature that the intellectual must author various articles and manifestos to express their viewpoints, mindset, and philosophy in the public sphere. Based on Janowitz’s belief and using the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) as a case study, this research offers a model for a generic research methodology that can be practiced elsewhere. The mission was to find the extent to which the higher echelons of the Israeli military engage in writing academic articles concerning matters of strategy and army professionalism. Among other conclusions, the authors point out that, with certain reservations considered, the number of articles authored by the IDF’s senior officers proved to be low. If publication indeed reflects intellectualism, the few articles produced over seven decades by the IDF’s leading echelon ought to sound a warning for Israel’s military decision-makers.
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Mettini, Emiliano, and Andrei Tkachenko. "Fighting for Survivor: Ideological and Ethical Conflicts of A.S. Makarenko with Dzerzhinsky Commune." Espacio, Tiempo y Educación 9, no. 1 (June 22, 2022): 168–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/ete.498.
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In the paper the Authors tried to analyze how A.S. Makarenko’s educational system might grow while in the early 1930s the control over social and political life in Soviet Union was strengthened. Using unpublished and previously classified materials, the Authors events which took place in the Children Labor Dzerzhinsky Commune, established in Ukrainian capital Kharkov, whose activity represented the highest point in development of A.S. Makarenko’s pedagogical theory and practice. Facts that led to establishment of the Commune, age and social status of pupils, employment policy, difficult relationships between Makarenko and NKVD leaders, many “not pedagogical” – criminal and amoral factors, conflicting with Anton Semenovich’s works have been carefully analyzed. Authors outlined conflict between the educator and Commune administration based upon different approaches to social and moral education of youth. Makarenko’s perspective was more humane and less ideological than the one of his opponents.
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Washington (Mwata Kairi), Kevin. "Journey to Authenticity: Afrikan Psychology as an Act of Social Justice Honoring Afrikan Humanity." Journal of Humanistic Psychology 60, no. 4 (May 18, 2020): 503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022167820917232.
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The proper healing of a people is difficult without a correct understanding of those peoples’ experiences and their worldview. This is very true with respect to the healing of the shattered consciousness and fractured identity of what has been called the transatlantic slave trade encountered by Afrikan people in America and throughout the Afrikan Diaspora. My journey into healing the wounds of racism and oppression began when I was called a “nigger” in 1971 in first grade. Years of studying Black/Afrikan history and being informed by Black psychologists would inspire me to conceptualize racism as a mental disorder that should be classified as such in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. Moreover, I advance a distinct psychology ( Ubuntu psychology/psychotherapy) of healing psychic trauma of Afrikans in America as well as throughout the diaspora and on the continent of Afrika.
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Blockmans, Wim. "Cities as Hotspots in Medieval Societies." ISTORIYA 12, no. 9 (107) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840017117-7.
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Starting from Tönnies’ classic dichotomy community/society, this paper compares the emergence of very large capital cities in the world’s earliest urbanised areas in South Asia, China, Mesopotamia, and Egypt, to the appearance of smaller cities in Europe later on. Whereas the former were built on political and military power, the latter, by contrast, developed rather in confrontation with it and increasingly independent from it. In the most urbanised regions, North-central Italy and the Low Countries, the largest cities were the wealthiest, the most socially differentiated, conflictual, and competitive. In this environment, creativity flourished in all areas. The comparison with imperial China shows that free economic and cultural exchanges were an additional condition fostering creativity and its application. Cultural innovation is spread by adoption and adaptation of ideas and products developed elsewhere, and the liberty to market them to ambitious buyers belonging to various classes in different places.